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tomekkorbak

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detoxify-pile-chunk3-50000-100000

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[ "A cryptic message from Bond's past, sends him on a trail to uncover a sinister organization. ", "While M battles political forces to keep the Secret ... More\nA cryptic message from Bond's past, sends him on a trail to uncover a sinister organization. ", "While M battles political forces to keep the Secret Service alive, Bond peels back the layers of deceit to reveal the terrible truth behind S.P.E.C.T.R.E. Less" ]

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[ "Q:\n\nWhat to do when one stream depends on the value from another?", "\n\nI'm new to Rx.js and looking for some basic help with FRP concepts. ", "I have one stream using generateWithRelativeTime that keeps a game loop running, and a stream that keeps track of the screen resolution. ", "My problem with my current code is that my game loop only runs when my screen resolution changes.", "\nThe stream generated by my model function requires the latest value from res$.\nfunction model(res$) {\n return res$.map(res => {\n const rows = ceil(res[1] / CELL.HEIGHT)+1\n const cols = ceil(res[0] / CELL.WIDTH)+1\n\n return Observable.generateWithRelativeTime(\n initWorld(rows, cols, 1.618),\n noOp,\n world => step(world),\n noOp,\n _ => 100,\n Rx.", "Scheduler.requestAnimationFrame\n ).timeInterval()\n });\n}\n\nfunction intent() {\n return Observable.fromEvent(window, 'resize')\n .map(e => [e.currentTarget.innerWidth, e.currentTarget.innerHeight])\n .debounce(100, Rx.", "Scheduler.requestAnimationFrame)\n .startWith([window.innerWidth, window.innerHeight])\n}\n\nmodel(intent())\n\nA:\n\nWelcome to the joy of FRP. ", "As it is, it is difficult to understand your question. ", "How What to do when one stream depends on the value from another? ", "is connected to My problem with my current code is that my game loop only runs when my screen resolution changes.? ", "You give the actual behavior, what is your expected behavior?", "\nFor my limited understanding of the question, I think that you need to replace this line return res$.map(res => { by return res$.flatMapLatest(res => {, i.e. use the operator flatMapLatest instead of the map operator.", "\nTo understand the flatMap operator, I recommend you to review the following resources : The introduction to reactive programming you've been missing, the illustrated marbles and the official documentation.", "\nPS : I see that you seem to follow a MODEL-VIEW-INTENT architecture. ", "Out of curiosity, are you experimenting with cyclejs?", "\n\n" ]

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[ "Q:\n\nMake Lists within a List C#\n\nUsing C#, I want to make arraysNames and arraysData be lists of the previous lists. ", "However, I get this error message:\n\nUsing the generic type 'List' requires 1 type arguments.", "\n\nWhat should I do to fix it? ", "\nThanks in advance!", "\npublic string[] traitNames = { \"Happiness\", \"Respect\", \"Authority\" };\npublic float[] traitData = { 1, 1, 3 };\n\npublic string[] suppliesNames = { \"Food\", \"Iron\", \"Gold\" };\npublic float[] suppliesData = { 3, 2, 1 };\n\nprivate List[] arraysNames = { traitNames, suppliesNames };\nprivate List[] arraysData = { traitData, suppliesData };\n\nA:\n\nThe List is generic class within System.", "Collections.", "Generic namespace so you need to pass a Type when declaring its object\nsomething like this:\nstring[] traitNames = { \"Happiness\", \"Respect\", \"Authority\" };\nfloat[] traitData = { 1, 1, 3 };\n\nstring[] suppliesNames = { \"Food\", \"Iron\", \"Gold\" };\nfloat[] suppliesData = { 3, 2, 1 };\n\nList<string[]> arraysNames = new List<string[]>(){ traitNames, suppliesNames };\nList<float[]> arraysData = new List<float[]>(){ traitData, suppliesData };\n\nalternatively you can also use a two dimensional array\nstring[][] arraysNames = new string[][]{ traitNames, suppliesNames };\nfloat[][] arraysData = new float[][]{ traitData, suppliesData }; \n\nif you dont want to pass the Type, you can use ArrayList instead of List\nArrayList arraysNames = new ArrayList(){ traitNames, suppliesNames };\nArrayList arraysData = new ArrayList(){ traitData, suppliesData };\n\nMSDN link: here\nPS: ArrayList is not a generic type of collection so you need typecasting when retrieving its elements\n\n" ]

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[ "Q:\n\nbyte plus byte ?", "Automatically convert to int for all operands?", "\n\nHere are codes,the last second row couldn't compile out cause of the result is int?So,can I \nsolve that every non integer type in java process as integer in arithmetic?", "\nAnd I am learning English from all guys,thank you.", "\n byte a=0;\n for(int i=0;i<128;i++){\n a=(byte)i;\n }\n byte b=1;\n byte c=0;\n c=b+a;\n System.out.println(b);\n\nA:\n\nAddition operation in java between two shorts or bytes happens after converting both the operands to int and results in an int. ", "So you need to cast your result to byte as it is a lossy conversion. ", "See this\n\n" ]

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[ "Bundesautobahn 64\n\nis an autobahn in southwestern Germany. ", "It is the continuation of the Luxembourgish Autoroute 1, connecting the city of Luxembourg to Trier with a total length of only 14 kilometres.", "\n\nExit list\n\n || Luxembourg \n\n \n\n \n\n|}\n\nExternal links \n\n64\nA064" ]

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[ "A Worten contribui para que esta informação, essencial para o conhecimento público, seja de leitura aberta e gratuita para todos. ", "Worten\n\nUm bar em Vila Maior, no concelho de Santa Maria da Feira, organizou no passado sábado uma “Corona Party” que, a avaliar pelas fotografias publicadas nas redes sociais, divertiu muito os participantes — mas está agora a causar uma grande indignação entre os internautas de todo o país.", "\n\n“Vamos oferecer máscaras à entrada para que estejas preparado para uma contaminação”, foi como a festa no Esplanada & Bar 75, com o DJ Pedro Sousa, foi publicitada.", "\n\nNa noite em questão, os clientes pediram e pagaram bebidas sob sinais pretensamente humorísticos — “triagem” e “urgências” —, foram fotografados com máscaras no rosto e até a serem transportados de maca no interior do bar.", "\n\nUm dos casos que mais preocupação está a causar em Portugal nesta fase do surto do novo coronavírus é justamente o de uma jovem de 17 anos de Santa Maria da Feira, que está internada no Hospital de São João, no Porto, em estado considerado grave.", "\n\nEm entrevista a um jornal local, Raul Guedes, gerente do espaço rejeitou entretanto a polémica e garantiu que a festa pretendeu “sensibilizar” para o novo vírus." ]

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[ "Matrix Industries has unveiled the second generation of its body-heat-powered smartwatch that you don’t have to charge. ", "As long it is touching your skin, the PowerWatch 2 doesn’t need a new charge. ", "The new PowerWatch 2 gathers additional energy from solar power, which all but erases the fear of running out of battery power.", "\n\nIt’s all in the name of paving the way for wearables that never need charging, and it will be on display at CES 2019, the big tech trade show in Las Vegas next week. ", "Menlo Park, California-based Matrix Industries launched its first PowerWatch in November 2017, after a successful Indiegogo campaign and six years of research. ", "The new watch is expected to ship in June.", "\n\nThe idea came from materials scientists who wanted to change the way we harvest and use previously wasted energy. ", "The first model didn’t look like much, but it had no frills in its graphics because of the need to save power.", "\n\nImage Credit: Matrix Industries\n\nThe solar cell brings an increase in power, allowing the PowerWatch 2 to come standard with a completely new set of functions, including features like built-in intelligent heart rate monitoring capabilities, a full-color display, and onboard GPS, said Matrix Industries CEO Akram Boukai, in an interview with VentureBeat. ", "PowerWatch 2 is available for preorder today, starting at $200 for early bird preorders ($499 at retail). ", "The previously announced PowerWatch is also $200, and PowerWatch X (with notifications) is $280.", "\n\n“The main feedback from our first generation is that people wanted more enhanced graphics and other features like GPS, and the solar cell is the way to help with that,” said Boukai. “", "We were able to integrate an amorphous silicon solar cell in the shape of a ring around the watch dial, as part of the display.”", "\n\nSome of the early interest so far came from individual members of the military, who said they could use the watch while on deployment without having to worry about charging it.", "\n\nPowerWatch 2 introduces the first full-color LCD display powered by thermoelectric and solar energy, as well as always-on GPS so you can map out your run, hike, or ride. ", "It allows you to leave your smartphone at home.", "\n\nWith the introduction of HR and GPS functionality, PowerWatch 2 — and its iOS/Android companion apps — can now provide users with even more useful health and fitness metrics, including pace, distance, steps, sleep, cadence, and what the company calls the most accurate calorie count industrywide. ", "PowerWatch 2 will also integrate third-party fitness platforms like Apple HealthKit and Google Fit, and is water resistant up to 200 meters. ", "It isn’t that bulky, with a diameter of 44 millimeters.", "\n\n“If you go out for a run, the solar helps take over the power, and so if you use GPS for 45 minutes to an hour, it should be good,” Boukai said.", "\n\nThe original model harvested energy from body heat, using a chip with a thermoelectric energy converter. ", "Matrix Industries engineered its advanced thermoelectric generators to operate with extreme efficiency. ", "It created more efficient conversion circuitry to power the electronics and charge the internal battery. ", "And its thermal design is built to harvest the small amount of heat available to the wearable device.", "\n\nBoukai said the outside of the wrist is a bad place to harvest energy because it doesn’t produce nearly as much heat as the head, the bottom of the feet, or even the inside of the wrist. ", "The whole secret is maintaining a temperature difference between the part of the watch that touches your skin and the part on the other side. ", "The process takes heat from your wrist and expels it from the other side of the watch.", "\n\nImage Credit: Matrix Industries\n\nThe company found a semiconductor material that can conduct electricity but does not transfer heat easily. ", "The team created the material by introducing defects into the material at a nano scale, or a billionth of a meter. ", "This material produces a voltage when there is a temperature difference between the two sides of the chip.", "\n\nWhen you take the watch off, the data is stored in memory, and the device goes to sleep. ", "When you put it back on, the watch returns to where you left it. ", "It also has an always-on power meter that tells you how much electricity your body heat is producing. ", "This means it can accurately calculate how many calories you are burning.", "\n\nWhile PowerWatch 2 increases the amount of energy available to the charge-free wearable, Matrix’s materials science and hardware engineers were able to also further miniaturize both the thermoelectric (TEG) and solar cell processes, decreasing PowerWatch 2’s weight and size even more while maintaining the rugged aluminum build.", "\n\n“PowerWatch 2 reaches feature-parity with other industry wearables,” said Douglas Tham, chief technology officer of Matrix Industries, in a statement. “", "Our team worked tirelessly to create an all-purpose smartwatch that is perfectly jam-packed with new functionality and bonus features like gesture recognition and haptic/audio feedback.”", "\n\nMatrix Industries will also show at CES 2019 its new PowerStation, a standalone patented device that generates energy from the ambient air around it. ", "Both PowerWatch 2 and PowerStation are built with proprietary Matrix modules, including the Matrix Gemini TEG and Matrix Mercury Boost Converter. ", "PowerStation also uses Matrix’s new Luna Phase Change Material, a revolutionary material that converts time-varying temperature fluctuations into a spatial temperature gradient.", "\n\nBoukai and Tham, who met at Caltech, cofounded Matrix Industries as a materials science startup in 2011. ", "They saw that wearables had a problem with poor battery life and so they pivoted to making a smartwatch, focusing on shrinking the bulky electronics.", "\n\nThe company raised $1.64 million in an Indiegogo crowdfunding campaign in January 2017 and raised nearly $30 million in total funding. ", "All told, it took in more than $24 million in venture capital from backers such as Khosla Ventures. ", "The company has 16 employees. ", "The added staff helps with things such as bringing firmware in-house for more reliable and frequent updates." ]

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[ "Darabul\n\nDarabul (, also Romanized as Darābūl) is a village in Pir Sohrab Rural District, in the Central District of Chabahar County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. ", "At the 2006 census, its population was 29, in 5 families.", "\n\nReferences \n\nCategory:Populated places in Chabahar County" ]

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[ "LED glass bottle light bulbs\n\nBuy LED glass bottle light bulbs: Something a little different from the traditional fairy lights. ", "String of screw-cap light bulbs filled with pine sprigs, berries and a scattering of snow. ", "Ideal for running along the mantelpiece.", "\n\nSomething a little different from the traditional fairy lights. ", "String of screw-cap light bulbs filled with pine sprigs, berries and a scattering of snow. ", "Ideal for running along the mantelpiece." ]

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[ "Press\n\nHeathrow Terminal 2 │ The Queen’s Terminal named Airport of the Year at Air Transport World Annual Awards\n\nLondon Heathrow and Star Alliance take joint accolade\n\nWASHINGTON, D.C., USA February 26th, 2015 - London Heathrow and Star Alliance have won the World’s Airport of the Year at Air Transport World’s (ATW) 41st Annual Airline Industry Achievement Awards, honoured jointly for their collaborative work on the new Terminal 2 at Heathrow. ", "The accolade was presented to Andy Garner Director Airline Business Development, London Heathrow, and Mark Schwab, Star Alliance CEO, at the Omni Shoreham Hotel in Washington, D.C. last night (25 February).", "\n\nNEW DELHI, INDIA - December 17th, 2014 - Air India played host to the first ever Star Alliance Chief Executive Board Meeting (CEB) held in India. ", "This follows the national carrier’s joining the world’s longest serving and most comprehensive airline alliance in July this year." ]

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[ "Albany, New York, March 20, 2017: Market Research Hub has recently announced the addition of a new report to it broad database titled as “Next Generation Processors Market– Global Industry Analysis, Size, Share, Growth, Trends and Forecast 2016 – 2024”. ", "The report also provides assessment of different drivers that is impacting the global market, along with the restraints and opportunities that have also been covered under the scope of this report.", "\n\nNext Generation Processors are high end processors that are extensively used in smartphones, intelligent cars and intelligent buildings among others. ", "These processors are extremely low heat generating and highly energy efficient. ", "There is an increasing utilization of internet of things (IoT) owing to higher penetration of internet that augmenting the market for intelligent buildings to a larger extent. ", "Application of next generation processors are widely utilized in HVAC (heating, ventilating and air conditioning) system and that finally enlarges the market for next generation processor.", "\n\nAll these factors helps in determining different trends that has been impacting the overall market growth. ", "Moreover, after taking into consideration all this factors, an extensive analysis of the region wise growth parameters of next generation processor market along with the overall assessment for the forecast period of 2016-2024 has been also been provided within this report.", "\n\nGlobal Next Generation Processors Market: Drivers and Restraints\n\nOne of the important driving factors of this market is the growing market share of consumer electronics. ", "Smartphones, smart televisions and various other smart electronic gadgets require these high-end processors and thus, stimulate growth prospect of this market. ", "Technically advanced and highly industrialized nations such as Japan, Germany, the U.S.A, the U.K etc. ", "have emphasized on smart manufacturing since the last decade thereby driving this market. ", "Furthermore, growing automation of the automotive segment in these developed nations have been largely responsible for the increasing demand of next generation processors in these countries. ", "Emphasis on smart manufacturing\n\nHowever, high cost of raw materials is restraining the growth trajectory of this market. ", "Next Generation Processors are mostly made of silicon, aluminum and rising prices of these components actually increase the cost of production of this product. ", "Another major restraint of this market is that the market is highly fragmented and there is a number of large, medium and small sized firms in this market. ", "Due to lower amount of concentration, initial set up cost of this market is too high to earn significant profit for small and medium sized firms. ", "These restraint the growth prospect of this market as well. ", "Furthermore, many softwares are not incompatible with these processors as they are very high-end, thereby hindering the growth of this market.", "\n\nGlobal Next Generation Processors Market: Key Segments\n\nThe market for next generation processor is segmented on the basis of end user and the segments are consumer electronics, information and communication technology, automotive and manufacturing and others. ", "The market for next generation processor is segmented on the basis of machine type such as handheld, computers and others. ", "The market for next generation processor is segmented on the basis of geographical locations and the regional segments are North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, Middle East and Africa (MEA) and Latin America. ", "The market for next generation processor has been provided in (USD Billion) in terms of revenue and (Billion Units) in terms of volume as well as the CAGR for the forecast period of 2016 to 2024.", "\n\nThe key players in the next generation processor market have been competitively profiled across the five broad geographic regions. ", "This competitive landscape is inclusive of the various business strategies adopted by these major players and their recent developments in the field of next generation processor. ", "Further, the report includes the market attractiveness analysis of and insight into the major application area of the next generation processor.", "\n\nSome of the leading players operating in the market are Intel Corporation (US), Advanced Micro Devices Inc. (the U.S), VIA Technologies Inc. (Taiwan), Fujitsu Ltd (Japan), Acer Group (Taiwan) among others.", "\n\nAbout Market Research Hub\n\nMarket Research Hub (MRH) is a next-generation reseller of research reports and analysis. ", "MRH’s expansive collection of market research reports has been carefully curated to help key personnel and decision makers across industry verticals to clearly visualize their operating environment and take strategic steps.", "\n\nMRH functions as an integrated platform for the following products and services: Objective and sound market forecasts, qualitative and quantitative analysis, incisive insight into defining industry trends, and market share estimates. ", "Our reputation lies in delivering value and world-class capabilities to our clients." ]

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[ "Prospective study of congenital heart disease in children.", "\nDescriptive analysis of patients with congenital heart disease. ", "Prospective study. ", "Professorial Paediatric Unit, Lady Ridgeway Hospital, Colombo 8. ", "All patients with congenital heart disease (CHD) admitted to the Professorial Paediatric Unit at Lady Ridgeway Hospital from August 1998 to August 1999 were included in this study. ", "Data were collected using a pretested questionnaire which was filled by one of the authors. ", "Patients were followed up to date. ", "102 patients, 53 (52.0%) males with congenital heart disease were studied. ", "All patients were evaluated with chest xray, ECG and 2 D echocardiography, except for two. ", "Based on clinical and echocardiographic findings 69 (67.6%) were found to have acyanotic and 33 (32.4%) cyanotic heart disease; 22 (21.5%) had a ventricular septal defect. ", "Tetralogy of Fallot was diagnosed in 10 (9.8%) patients and was the commonest cyanotic CHD. ", "52 (51.0%) cases were detected between the ages of 2 weeks to 12 months, and 39 (38.2%) were detected routinely at the postnatal examination of the newborn. ", "Only 12 (11.7%) patients underwent corrective surgery, 10 in Sri Lanka, and 2 in India. ", "19 children died during the study period, a case fatality of 18.6%. ", "Previous studies have shown that congenital heart disease accounted for between 16% to 30% of deaths in the Professorial Paediatric Unit at LRH. ", "This is the second commonest cause of deaths in the unit. ", "This study has revealed a high case fatality rate among the patients awaiting corrective surgery. ", "Unless surgical care for patients with congenital heart disease in the public sector are improved, many such children will continue to die early due to lack of facilities." ]

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[ "getShort\n\nget short value, if this term represent short, otherwise throw UnsupportedOperationException\nNote, that this method does not provide conversion of other numeric types to short.", "\nUse ITermHelper.getAsShort(ITerm t, TermWareInstance instance) for this purpose." ]

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[ "The \"Oxidation Paintings\" is a series of \"paintings\" done by coating canvases with wet copper paint and afterwards urinating on them, urine which oxidizes and changes color. ", "In most cases, the urine does not belong to Warhol, but to his friends. ", "According to Bob Colacello, Warhol once said: \"It's a parody of Jackson Pollock\", alluding to Pollock's legendary emission into Peggy Guggenheim's fireplace." ]

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[ "Q:\n\nTypeError: Cannot read property 'title' of undefined on React\n\nConsistently getting TypeError: Cannot read property 'title' of undefined when trying to load of my page. ", "I am certain its related to my props but cannot figure what I am doing wrong. ", "\nI've tried going through every single prop and editing it but I continue to get the same error just for the next \"person title\" after.", "\nimport React from \"react\";\n\n const Personcard = props => {\nconst handleUpdate = () => {\nprops.handleEdit(props.person.id);\n};\n\nreturn (\n<div className=\"container\">\n <div className=\"containerUsers\">\n <div className=\"card\">\n <img\n // src={props.person.primaryImage.imagineUrl}\n id=\"primaryImageUsers\"\n alt=\"\"\n />\n\n <div className=\"card-body\">\n <div className=\"card-title\">\n <h2>\n {props.person.title === \"Mr\" && (\n <span id=\"titleUsers\"> {props.person.title}</span>\n )}\n </h2>\n </div>\n </div>\n <div className=\"card-text\">\n <h4>\n <span id=\"headlineUsers\" value={props.person.headline}>\n {\" \"}\n </span>\n </h4>\n <p>\n <span id=\"summaryUsers\" value={props.person.summary}>\n {\" \"}\n </span>\n </p>\n <p>\n <span value={props.person.skills}> </span>\n </p>\n </div>\n\n <button\n type=\"button\"\n className=\"btn btn-warning\"\n onClick={handleUpdate}\n >\n {\" \"}\n Update{\" \"}\n </button>\n\n <button type=\"button\" className=\"btn btn-danger\">\n Delete\n </button>\n </div>\n </div>\n</div>\n );\n };\n\nMy goal is to display registered users on a homepage.", "\n\nA:\n\nWhat you actually need to do is check for props.person whether it exists or not.", "\nThere are two cases:\n\nIt exists: we return the containerUsers.", "\nIt doesn't: we return a loading compoent.", "\n\nWe can check for it as this props.person ? ", "true:false, true will be where we return the containerUsers, false where we will be returning the loading component.", "\nimport React from \"react\";\n\nconst Personcard = props => {\n const handleUpdate = () => {\n props.handleEdit(props.person.id);\n };\n\n return (andleUpdate = () => {\n props.handleEdit(props.person.id);\n };\n\n return (\n <div className=\"container\">\n {\n props.person ? (", "\n <div className=\"containerUsers\">\n <div className=\"card\">\n <img\n // src={props.person.primaryImage.imagineUrl}\n id=\"primaryImageUsers\"\n alt=\"\"\n />\n\n <div className=\"card-body\">\n <div className=\"card-title\">\n <h2>\n {props.person.title === \"Mr\" && (\n <span id=\"titleUsers\"> {props.person.title}</span>\n )}\n </h2>\n </div>\n </div>\n <div className=\"card-text\">\n <h4>\n <span id=\"headlineUsers\" value={props.person.headline}>\n {\" \"}\n </span>\n </h4>\n <p>\n <span id=\"summaryUsers\" value={props.person.summary}>\n {\" \"}\n </span>\n </p>\n <p>\n <span value={props.person.skills}> </span>\n </p>\n </div>\n\n <button\n type=\"button\"\n className=\"btn btn-warning\"\n onClick={handleUpdate}\n >\n {\" \"}\n Update{\" \"}\n </button>\n\n <button type=\"button\" className=\"btn btn-danger\">\n Delete\n </button>\n </div>\n </div>\n </div>\n ) : null\n }\n );\n };\n\nIn the code I provided, instead of null, return a loading component if you want.", "\nit's the last line in the return function. ", "should be: ( <Loading /> ) for example.", "\nSo, I did this because, person is not defined at the first mount of the component, that's why we checked for it.", "\nCurrently this will solve the problem, but I prefer if you pass a default value for props.person from the parent component, it can be a plain object {} with nothing without it.", "\n\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "StackExchange" }

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[ "100 guardsmen on standby to fight fires in Washington\n\nUp to 1,000 more could receive additional fire training\n\nJul. 21, 2014 - 07:42PM\n|\n\nThe Washington National Guard continues to provide support July 21 to the people of north central Washington who have been affected by the Carlton Complex Fire. (", "Sgt. ", "1st Class Jason Kriess / National Guard)\n\nA line of firefighters stands guard July 18 as they allow fire to burn to the road but keep an eye out to prevent embers from crossing in Winthrop, Wash. (Elaine Thompson / AP)\n\nRelated Links\n\nSPOKANE, WASH. — ", "Calmer winds and cooler temperatures were allowing firefighters to go on the offensive Monday against a destructive wildfire that has charred hundreds of square miles of terrain in Washington state and is the largest in state history.", "\n\nThe Carlton Complex of fires in north-central Washington has burned about 379 square miles, fire spokesman Andrew Sanbri said Monday.", "\n\n“There is optimism in the air, but we don’t want to give the impression that all is good,” Sanbri said. “", "Things are improving.”", "\n\nThe fire was just 2 percent contained Monday.", "\n\nAt 243,000 acres, the Carlton Complex was larger than the Yacolt Burn, which consumed 238,920 acres in southwestern Washington in 1902 and is the largest recorded forest fire in state history, according to HistoryLink.org, an online resource of Washington state history. ", "The Yacolt Burn killed 38 people.", "\n\nFirefighters planned to aggressively protect some houses near Libby Creek on Monday, while burning away potential fuel on its north side, Sanbri said. ", "Okanogan County Sheriff Frank Rogers estimates that 150 homes have been destroyed already, but suspects that number could be higher. ", "The fire is being blamed for one death.", "\n\nKarina Shagren, spokeswoman for the state’s Military Department, said 100 National Guard troops were on standby, and up to 1,000 more in Yakima could receive additional fire training. ", "Active-duty military could be called in as well, Gov. Jay Inslee said.", "\n\nThe forecast for Monday and Tuesday called for lighter winds and lower temperatures, said Spokane-based National Weather Service meteorologist Greg Koch.", "\n\nThen on Wednesday a “vigorous” front is expected to cover Washington, bringing rain to much of the state. ", "But it will also bring lightning, he added.", "\n\n“The benefits of the system are still up in the air,” Koch said. “", "We may get some rain where we need it, but we may also experience some lightning that could cause some new ignitions.”", "\n\nThe fire has created smoky conditions and reduced air quality in much of eastern Washington and northern Idaho.", "\n\nHis deputies haven’t been able to search parts of the county where homes are spread miles apart.", "\n\nRogers said one man has died of an apparent heart attack while fighting the fire near his home. ", "Rob Koczewski, 67, was stricken on Saturday while he and his wife were hauling water and digging fire lines near their home. ", "Rogers said Koczewski was a retired Washington State Patrol trooper and U.S. Marine.", "\n\nThere are more than 1,600 firefighters battling the flames, assisted by more than 100 fire engines, helicopters dropping buckets of water and planes spreading flame retardant, Sanbri said.", "\n\nMany towns in the scenic Methow Valley remain without power and have limited landline and cellphone service. ", "Okanogan County Public Utility District officials told KREM that fully restoring power to the area could take weeks.", "\n\nInslee said Friday about 50 fires were burning in Washington, which has been wracked by hot, dry weather, gusting winds and lightning. ", "About 2,000 firefighters were working in the eastern part of the state.", "\n\nThe Washington state Department of Natural Resources has said firefighters from New Mexico, Utah and Wyoming are coming to the state to help.", "\n\nEarly Saturday, authorities announced that they are bringing in two military air tankers from Wyoming to help fight wildfires in the Pacific Northwest and elsewhere." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }

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[ "Q:\n\nUse of CakePHP's HttpSocket or PHP's cURL to crawl several sites from a search page\n\nI am going to use CakePHP to build an application that allows users to search for a keyword, ie. ", "milk, and then I would automatically search local online stores for best pricing on milk, ie. ", "walmart, shaws, stop&shop, etc. (", "Note: this is a hypothetical situation, exemplifying what I need accomplished), and then I would display the results to the user.", "\nI want to take advantage of CakePHP's HttpSocket library to accomplish this instead of cURL.", "\nI will need to have this setup as multi-thread so I can display the results quicker, but for performance's sake, where is the best place to make these call, ie Controller? ", "Basically, I am looking for your insight into the best approach to have something like that work, considering it needs to be multi-thread, and fast.", "\nI have not used CakePHP's HttpSocket library before, but I have looked thru it and tested it quickly and it seems to be very powerful. ", "What is your take on that? ", "Does it compare performance-wise to PHP's cURL?", "\nYour insight is much appreciated.", "\n\nA:\n\ncURL is faster than any plain php implementation like the CakePHP socket is.", "\nController is the wrong place, model or a custom datasource would be the proper place. ", "You can request multiple sites at the same time and wait X seconds until you cancel the requests that have not responded in time. ", "Also I would cache the results so that you don't have to request the price each time.", "\nDepending on how often the prices change it might be a much better idea to just query all your shops one or two times per day or hourly for example using a shell and update the prices in your database.", "\n\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "StackExchange" }

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[ "It is as though someone has drilled peep holes into the walls of emergency rooms, operating rooms and doctors' offices. ", "I can't look away.", "\n\nSunday, April 06, 2008\n\nCat Blogging Without the Cat\n\nEveryone with g-mail knows that Google hires people to read your e-mail, then those people come up with “useful information and relevant ads” to display in the sidebar of your g-mail pages. ", "Last week, I e-mailed a friend about how spring was in the air and told him all about how we had watched three possums getting frisky in our backyard (yep, my e-mails are as interesting as my blog). ", "For some reason, that e-mail brought on a lot of cat ads. ", "Either that, or the person assigned to read my g-mail can read minds and knows that as soon as I get some extra time, I’m going to get us a kitten.", "\n\nAnyway, I saw this ad for PalmMeow on my sidebar, and had to click on it. ", "It is a cat retirement home \"in an exclusive tropical resort located in sunny south Florida.” ", "PalmMeow\n\n. . . ", "provides cat owners a beautiful home like environment in which their cats can get lots of love and attention as they live out their final years after their owner is no longer able to care for them. ", "Life long planning ensures that a cat owner will know exactly where their cats will live, what services their pets will receive and that all their needs will be cared for through the placement of their cats at Palm Meow, Inc. It’s a home away from home where s/he can get lots of individualized attention, have a room or a cat condo all their own and enjoy a chance to go outdoors in a screened enclosed area.", "\n\nMy first thought was that’s crazy. ", "But then after thinking about it, I realized that if I had money coming out the wazoo, I’d want to spend it on sending my cat to Florida after I died. ", "I’ve already downloaded the application for when I get a cat. ", "It’s never too early to start planning for your cat’s retirement, you know." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }

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[ "Prospective multi-institutional study of definitive radiotherapy with high-dose-rate intracavitary brachytherapy in patients with nonbulky (<4-cm) stage I and II uterine cervical cancer (JAROG0401/JROSG04-2).", "\nTo determine the efficacy of a definitive radiotherapy protocol using high-dose-rate intracavitary brachytherapy (HDR-ICBT) with a low cumulative dose schedule in nonbulky early-stage cervical cancer patients, we conducted a prospective multi-institutional study. ", "Eligible patients had squamous cell carcinoma of the intact uterine cervix, Federation of Gynecologic Oncology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stages Ib1, IIa, and IIb, tumor size <40 mm in diameter (assessed by T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging), and no pelvic/para-aortic lymphadenopathy. ", "The treatment protocol consisted of whole-pelvis external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) of 20 Gy/10 fractions, pelvic EBRT with midline block of 30 Gy/15 fractions, and HDR-ICBT of 24 Gy/4 fractions (at point A). ", "The cumulative biologically effective dose (BED) was 62 Gy(10) (α/β = 10) at point A. The primary endpoint was the 2-year pelvic disease progression-free (PDPF) rate. ", "All patients received a radiotherapy quality assurance review. ", "Between September 2004 and July 2007, 60 eligible patients were enrolled. ", "Thirty-six patients were assessed with FIGO stage Ib1; 12 patients with stage IIa; and 12 patients with stage IIb. ", "Median tumor diameter was 28 mm (range, 6-39 mm). ", "Median overall treatment time was 43 days. ", "Median follow-up was 49 months (range, 7-72 months). ", "Seven patients developed recurrences: 3 patients had pelvic recurrences (2 central, 1 nodal), and 4 patients had distant metastases. ", "The 2-year PDPF was 96% (95% confidence interval [CI], 92%-100%). ", "The 2-year disease-free and overall survival rates were 90% (95% CI, 82%-98%) and 95% (95% CI, 89%-100%), respectively. ", "The 2-year late complication rates (according to Radiation Therapy Oncology Group/European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer of Grade ≥ 1) were 18% (95% CI, 8%-28%) for large intestine/rectum, 4% (95% CI, 0%-8%) for small intestine, and 0% for bladder. ", "No Grade ≥ 3 cases were observed for genitourinary/gastrointestinal late complications. ", "These results suggest that definitive radiotherapy using HDR-ICBT with a low cumulative dose schedule (BED, 62 Gy(10) at point A) can provide excellent local control without severe toxicity in nonbulky (<4-cm) early-stage cervical cancer." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }

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[ "Australia Day Long Weekend – January 24-26, 2015\n\nHappy Australia Day to Everyone!", "\n\nAll welcome to visit us at the Winery from 10am until 5pm daily, to celebrate the weekend we are holding a vertical tasting of our first 10 vintages of shiraz (2002 -2011).This is an amazing opportunity to see how we have grown and we love to share with our public our journey. ", "We will offer the tastings @ 11.30am & 3pm on each of the days(duration approx. ", "30mins)" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }

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[ "The fisticuffs over smart meters in Dallas, Tex. ", "has morphed into a good ol’ American lawsuit. ", "The Dallas Morning News has been covering the story and reports that a couple filed a lawsuit on Friday accusing Texas utility Oncor of fraud, and claiming that the smart meter recently installed at their home is inaccurate and has unfairly boosted their electricity bill. ", "This is the second smart meter lawsuit in the last few months, following the suit filed last year in Bakersfield, Calif." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }

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[ "alculate prob of picking 4 b when four letters picked without replacement from bbbbb.", "\n1\nCalculate prob of picking 2 j and 1 w when three letters picked without replacement from hhhwhwhjjww.", "\n4/165\nWhat is prob of picking 3 f and 1 l when four letters picked without replacement from fffffffflffffffflfff?", "\n32/95\nCalculate prob of picking 2 x and 1 u when three letters picked without replacement from uxxxvueuxuxxxxx.", "\n144/455\nCalculate prob of picking 2 m when two letters picked without replacement from {k: 1, m: 7}.", "\n3/4\nCalculate prob of picking 1 y and 1 s when two letters picked without replacement from zszyz.", "\n1/10\nCalculate prob of picking 4 l when four letters picked without replacement from {l: 4}.", "\n1\nThree letters picked without replacement from ooochohzzhooomzooz. ", "Give prob of picking 1 h and 2 m.\n0\nTwo letters picked without replacement from ygdyssyy. ", "What is prob of picking 1 g and 1 s?", "\n1/14\nThree letters picked without replacement from twttwttt. ", "What is prob of picking 1 w and 2 t?", "\n15/28\nTwo letters picked without replacement from ijlizliliyl. ", "Give prob of picking 1 y and 1 l.\n4/55\nFour letters picked without replacement from bqqhinqqnhebbhqnqhbq. ", "Give prob of picking 1 q, 1 b, 1 i, and 1 n.\n28/1615\nWhat is prob of picking 1 a and 1 s when two letters picked without replacement from waawsawcjwcawcaraw?", "\n2/51\nFour letters picked without replacement from {p: 8, i: 2, e: 4, m: 5}. ", "What is prob of picking 2 p, 1 e, and 1 i?", "\n56/969\nFour letters picked without replacement from {d: 2, a: 1, s: 4}. ", "Give prob of picking 1 d and 3 a.\n0\nTwo letters picked without replacement from {a: 1, b: 1, q: 1, w: 1, j: 9, x: 5}. ", "What is prob of picking 1 j and 1 q?", "\n1/17\nFour letters picked without replacement from {k: 2, q: 4, t: 1, x: 2, d: 7}. ", "What is prob of picking 1 q, 1 x, and 2 d?", "\n6/65\nCalculate prob of picking 1 j, 2 w, and 1 m when four letters picked without replacement from mwjjjewewffj.", "\n4/165\nTwo letters picked without replacement from {d: 3, o: 1, g: 1, r: 3, w: 3}. ", "What is prob of picking 1 o and 1 g?", "\n1/55\nTwo letters picked without replacement from hhxrvwhhrfhvx. ", "Give prob of picking 1 v and 1 r.\n2/39\nThree letters picked without replacement from {t: 1, n: 11}. ", "Give prob of picking 3 n.\n3/4\nWhat is prob of picking 1 e and 2 k when three letters picked without replacement from {e: 2, k: 5, j: 4}?", "\n4/33\nTwo letters picked without replacement from fmmmmmmmmmfmmfffmm. ", "Give prob of picking 2 f.\n10/153\nThree letters picked without replacement from ukukkkuk. ", "What is prob of picking 1 k and 2 u?", "\n15/56\nTwo letters picked without replacement from kfqnnnq. ", "What is prob of picking 1 f and 1 q?", "\n2/21\nThree letters picked without replacement from hhhh. ", "What is prob of picking 3 h?", "\n1\nWhat is prob of picking 4 b when four letters picked without replacement from {b: 3, j: 9}?", "\n0\nFour letters picked without replacement from {t: 2, a: 4, y: 3, j: 1, n: 2}. ", "Give prob of picking 4 a.\n1/495\nWhat is prob of picking 1 s, 1 j, and 1 b when three letters picked without replacement from bsjsjsjb?", "\n9/28\nWhat is prob of picking 2 l when two letters picked without replacement from jjwlgjyyjylkyjwjgg?", "\n1/153\nWhat is prob of picking 2 p when two letters picked without replacement from vnvpppppvpvplpz?", "\n4/15\nCalculate prob of picking 1 j and 3 n when four letters picked without replacement from niipnnjn.", "\n2/35\nTwo letters picked without replacement from {v: 2, d: 1, m: 1, n: 2, u: 1, i: 2}. ", "What is prob of picking 1 u and 1 v?", "\n1/18\nFour letters picked without replacement from {r: 1, v: 6, l: 8}. ", "Give prob of picking 1 r and 3 l.\n8/195\nWhat is prob of picking 1 m and 1 l when two letters picked without replacement from mhlm?", "\n1/3\nThree letters picked without replacement from {m: 2, h: 3, e: 4, r: 6}. ", "What is prob of picking 3 r?", "\n4/91\nThree letters picked without replacement from zknkzzynnzznz. ", "Give prob of picking 3 z.\n10/143\nCalculate prob of picking 3 b and 1 c when four letters picked without replacement from bccccubbbcbbbccbc.", "\n16/85\nFour letters picked without replacement from qooqdddqddodd. ", "What is prob of picking 2 q and 2 o?", "\n9/715\nCalculate prob of picking 1 e and 2 f when three letters picked without replacement from {m: 3, q: 1, p: 1, e: 3, f: 3, v: 2}.", "\n9/286\nFour letters picked without replacement from {z: 5, n: 1, k: 3}. ", "Give prob of picking 3 z and 1 n.\n5/63\nWhat is prob of picking 1 h, 1 v, and 1 s when three letters picked without replacement from {o: 3, l: 3, s: 1, h: 3, v: 2, e: 2}?", "\n3/182\nFour letters picked without replacement from jjjjjjjjjj. ", "Give prob of picking 4 j.\n1\nWhat is prob of picking 1 r and 2 d when three letters picked without replacement from {x: 7, i: 2, d: 9, r: 1}?", "\n12/323\nThree letters picked without replacement from {s: 6, d: 6}. ", "Give prob of picking 2 s and 1 d.\n9/22\nFour letters picked without replacement from wzzwzzzwzzzzwzwzzzzz. ", "What is prob of picking 4 z?", "\n91/323\nCalculate prob of picking 3 y when three letters picked without replacement from {j: 7, y: 4}.", "\n4/165\nTwo letters picked without replacement from kddkdkkk. ", "What is prob of picking 2 d?", "\n3/28\nWhat is prob of picking 3 o and 1 l when four letters picked without replacement from blboobkbblbo?", "\n2/495\nTwo letters picked without replacement from ipiiiiiiiiiizi. ", "What is prob of picking 1 i and 1 z?", "\n12/91\nFour letters picked without replacement from tcutccuctutcuuucctt. ", "What is prob of picking 4 u?", "\n5/1292\nCalculate prob of picking 1 c and 1 j when two letters picked without replacement from fyccjf.", "\n2/15\nTwo letters picked without replacement from {f: 6, a: 13}. ", "Give prob of picking 1 f and 1 a.\n26/57\nWhat is prob of picking 1 i and 1 l when two letters picked without replacement from {l: 5, i: 2}?", "\n10/21\nWhat is prob of picking 1 k and 1 c when two letters picked without replacement from {r: 1, d: 1, c: 8, t: 3, y: 1, k: 2}?", "\n2/15\nTwo letters picked without replacement from {c: 1, f: 3, j: 4, h: 4, w: 1}. ", "What is prob of picking 1 c and 1 w?", "\n1/78\nThree letters picked without replacement from {h: 1, e: 3, t: 2, g: 5, q: 5}. ", "Give prob of picking 3 g.\n1/56\nCalculate prob of picking 1 i and 1 u when two letters picked without replacement from rudxixx.", "\n1/21\nThree letters picked without replacement from {q: 3, r: 2, t: 2, b: 2}. ", "What is prob of picking 1 q and 2 t?", "\n1/28\nFour letters picked without replacement from {i: 2, z: 11}. ", "Give prob of picking 2 z and 2 i.\n1/13\nWhat is prob of picking 1 g and 2 q when three letters picked without replacement from {q: 1, g: 1, r: 1}?", "\n0\nCalculate prob of picking 3 f when three letters picked without replacement from {g: 1, c: 2, f: 7}.", "\n7/24\nWhat is prob of picking 2 i and 2 f when four letters picked without replacement from {q: 1, i: 2, t: 5, f: 6, w: 1}?", "\n1/91\nThree letters picked without replacement from lclcll. ", "What is prob of picking 2 c and 1 l?", "\n1/5\nCalculate prob of picking 3 i when three letters picked without replacement from {y: 16, i: 2}.", "\n0\nWhat is prob of picking 1 c, 1 q, and 1 t when three letters picked without replacement from cagcgqgtaacaac?", "\n1/91\nTwo letters picked without replacement from {a: 4, m: 15}. ", "Give prob of picking 1 a and 1 m.\n20/57\nWhat is prob of picking 1 y and 1 q when two letters picked without replacement from yyoqtam?", "\n2/21\nWhat is prob of picking 4 n when four letters picked without replacement from wwnnwwnnwww?", "\n1/330\nTwo letters picked without replacement from dookukoodutco. ", "Give prob of picking 2 u.\n1/78\nFour letters picked without replacement from jtljtlhcjjjhllj. ", "Give prob of picking 2 l, 1 j, and 1 h.\n24/455\nCalculate prob of picking 3 b and 1 x when four letters picked without replacement from bykbkxkyyybbb.", "\n2/143\nWhat is prob of picking 1 v and 3 s when four letters picked without replacement from {s: 6, e: 4, r: 2, c: 4, u: 3, v: 1}?", "\n4/969\nThree letters picked without replacement from {j: 3, f: 7}. ", "What is prob of picking 3 j?", "\n1/120\nFour letters picked without replacement from {w: 2, m: 6, c: 4}. ", "Give prob of picking 4 m.\n1/33\nThree letters picked without replacement from lttettttttttet. ", "Give prob of picking 3 t.\n165/364\nFour letters picked without replacement from {y: 3, g: 9}. ", "What is prob of picking 2 g and 2 y?", "\n12/55\nTwo letters picked without replacement from {r: 2, x: 2, i: 1, m: 1}. ", "What is prob of picking 2 r?", "\n1/15\nCa" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "DM Mathematics" }

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[ "Abstract\n\nTongue fissures, an important feature on the tongue surface, may be pathologically related to some diseases. ", "Most existing tongue fissure extraction methods use tongue images captured by traditional charge coupled device cameras. ", "However, these conventional methods cannot be used for an accurate analysis of the tongue surface due to limited information from the images. ", "To solve this, a hyperspectral tongue imager is used to capture tongue images instead of a digital camera. ", "New algorithms for automatic tongue fissure extraction and classification, based on hyperspectral images, are presented. ", "Both spectral and spatial information of the tongue surface is used to segment the tongue body and extract tongue fissures. ", "Then a classification algorithm based on a hidden Markov model is used to classify tongue fissures into 12 typical categories. ", "Results of the experiment show that the new method has good performance in terms of the classification rates of correctness.", "\n\nW. Li, C. Zhou, and Z. Zhang, “The segmentation of the body of tongue based on the improved snake algorithm in traditional Chinese medicine,” in Proceedings of the 5th World Congress on Intelligent Control and Automation (2004), pp. ", "5501-5505.", "\n\nLi, W.\n\nW. Li, C. Zhou, and Z. Zhang, “The segmentation of the body of tongue based on the improved snake algorithm in traditional Chinese medicine,” in Proceedings of the 5th World Congress on Intelligent Control and Automation (2004), pp. ", "5501-5505.", "\n\nZhang, Z.\n\nW. Li, C. Zhou, and Z. Zhang, “The segmentation of the body of tongue based on the improved snake algorithm in traditional Chinese medicine,” in Proceedings of the 5th World Congress on Intelligent Control and Automation (2004), pp. ", "5501-5505.", "\n\nZheng, Y. J.\n\nZhou, C.\n\nW. Li, C. Zhou, and Z. Zhang, “The segmentation of the body of tongue based on the improved snake algorithm in traditional Chinese medicine,” in Proceedings of the 5th World Congress on Intelligent Control and Automation (2004), pp. ", "5501-5505.", "\n\nJ. Irigoyen and J. Herraez, “Electromagnetic spectrum and color vision,” in Proceedings of the 3rd International Symposium on Image and Signal Processing and Analysis, ISPA 2003 (2003) pp. ", "626-629.", "\n\nW. Li, C. Zhou, and Z. Zhang, “The segmentation of the body of tongue based on the improved snake algorithm in traditional Chinese medicine,” in Proceedings of the 5th World Congress on Intelligent Control and Automation (2004), pp. ", "5501-5505." ]

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[ "[Neonatal mortality, morbidity and late sequelae in infants with birth weight under 1.501 gr or gestational age under 31 weeks, primarily admitted to a central hospital].", "\nThe purpose of the study was during a three year period from 1990 to 1992 to describe the neonatal mortality, morbidity and the late complications of 75 very low birth weight infants primarily treated in the neonatal department of a County Hospital. ", "The study was performed retrospectively. ", "The mean birth weight was 1292 g in (range 755-2046 g) and the mean gestational age 29.9 weeks (range 25-37 weeks). ", "The primary choice of treatment was nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nasal-CPAP) and \"minimal handling\" regime. ", "When needed surfactant administration and/or mechanical ventilation was used. ", "Twenty neonates (27%) received mechanical ventilation, and 14 (19%) were treated with surfactant (Curosurf). ", "The mortality (8%) (95% confidence limits 2.9%-16.6%) and morbidity is low. ", "Late complications such as cerebral palsy or mental retardation were seen in eight infants (12.1%) (95% confidence limits 5.4-22.5%). ", "The results of our treatment seem acceptable, and confirm an increasing survival among very low birth weight infants." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }

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[ "We stock handbook and computerized doors, in addition to the extras and areas you’ll need to help keep them operational. ", "Regarding products, it is possible to Pick from Wooden, metal, aluminum, glass, vinyl and a lot more, when quite a few doors are created to become painted the colour within your option.", "\n\nSome indications of difficulty can in fact be relatively insignificant concerns that you could investigate and take care of all on your own. ", "In case you listen to strange noises or can’t open your garage door all the way, follow these actions to find out if it’s a dilemma it is possible to solve all on your own:\n\nThumbtack assists A large number of people today asking, ”How do I connect Using the best garage door opener repair professionals in my spot?", "\n\nThis Professional will give an estimate if you focus on the main points of one's project in particular person. ", "If you choose to hire this Professional for your job, you can expect to agree on closing pricing before any operate begins - and you may under no circumstances shell out just before it's performed. ", "You are in control. ", "Pricing & Payment Facts Vacation Charge: $ for each vacation\n\nSpouse and children owned and operated. ", "We correct it appropriately and inform you why, often times We'll correct it more than the cellular phone.", "\n\nWe are able to reply questions on metal doors, Wooden doors and much more. ", "There are so many options accessible to you, and We all know it can be hard to make your mind up when browsing around for any new garage door. ", "Garage Door Repair Hallandale Beach is offered to answer any queries. ", "If you get in touch with, you can ask for a totally free price tag quotation not to mention consultations are thoroughly see here free of charge. ", "You can’t go Completely wrong if you select to work Using the certified team at Garage Door Repair Hallandale Beach. ", "Should you be searching for a fresh garage door use this link for your property, allow us to know. ", "We provide residential and commercial services. ", "If you think that your springs are damaged, let us know so we can easily appear out fast. ", "Similar day services can be obtained with Garage Door Repair Hallandale Beach. ", "Contact us!", "\n\nOur professionals are normally accessible to discuss with you anywhere They can be. ", "They provide cost-free estimates for the career and answers to any of your respective issues. ", "Professional Quality Service\n\nThe quality of his function is superb, he was constantly punctually, accomplished the job successfully, He's specific oriented, reliable, affordable, took time executing The task and the outcome were being exceptional, still left almost everything point clean up just as if he was in no way there. ", "I really advise Issac without having reservation and will certainly use his services Sooner or later. ", "Irene Olsen\n\nGarage Door Medics is right here that will help. ", "Give us a phone instantly or fill out the form down below. ", "Our customer care experts will do whatever it requires garage door services ahwatukee to accommodate your timetable.", "\n\nYour overhead garage door contains a bunch of various areas that require to work jointly smoothly. ", "We service automatic or guide doors. ", "Our techs are exceptionally competent and can make any repair.", "\n\nCheck with opportunity garage door repairmen with regards to their approaches and scheduling. ", "Suggestions are always key. ", "Only use a garage door repairman who's got fantastic references performing garage door jobs and who doesn't have a name for weak shopper service.", "\n\nYou trust in your garage door to function smoothly working day in and time out. ", "A failure can be quite a large inconvenience. ", "It could even final result house injury or individual injury.", "\n\nWhen garage door repair isn’t a possibility — Possibly The existing door is past correcting or you want to update to the quieter, extra energy-effective design — it’s time and energy to purchase a new just one. ", "But choosing a garage door will not be so simple as it sounds, regardless if you realize the right measurement in your home. ", "A wide range of products, styles and finishes can be obtained, and every factor influences the associated fee. ", "Garage doors are made of aluminum, steel, vinyl, fiberglass, masonite, Wooden (typically cedar or mahogany), or a composite of several components.", "\n\nI could see all the problems he identified to me and I chose to have anything accomplished. ", "He done everything that night. ", "I was very content with Kelvin’s professionalism as well as the work he did. ", "Thank you again. ", "~Joyce N" ]

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[ "\n297 A.2d 337 (1972)\nRaymond KOPPAL et al., ", "Appellants,\nv.\nTRAVELERS INDEMNITY COMPANY OF HARTFORD, CONNECTICUT, a corporation, and Firemen's Insurance Company of Washington, D. C., a corporation, Appellees.", "\nNo. ", "6548.", "\nDistrict of Columbia Court of Appeals.", "\nArgued October 19, 1972.", "\nDecided November 29, 1972.", "\n*338 Milton M. Burke, Silver Spring, Md., for appellants.", "\nWilliam H. Seckinger, Washington, D. C., with whom James F. Jordan, Washington, D. C., was on the brief, for appellee Travelers Indemnity Company of Hartford, Connecticut.", "\nGeorge H. Eggers, Silver Spring, Md., for appellee Firemen's Insurance Company of Washington, D. C.\nBefore REILLY, Chief Judge, and GALLAGHER and NEBEKER, Associate Judges.", "\nNEBEKER, Associate Judge:\nOn appeal from a denial of a motion for relief from judgment,[1] this court is asked to direct the vacation of two orders granting summary judgment to appellees, and one order striking a portion of the complaint. ", "Appellants contend that failure of their counsel[2] to pursue preparation of answers to interrogatories and to oppose the motions leading to the summary judgment orders compels the granting of relief from judgment. ", "Our review of the record reveals sufficient confusion by counsel and the trial court judge, and misapprehension of the pleadings and the relief sought and granted that we reverse and remand with directions to reconsider the motion for relief from judgment in light of a complete understanding of relevant law and what transpired.", "\nThe action against both insurance companies was brought to collect payment for damages caused by a fire. ", "The complaint asserts that appellants, Mr. and Mrs. Koppal, purchased certain real property from appellant Joy Trading Company, Inc. (Joy Co.) and at that time secured a $10,000 insurance policy on the property from Firemen's Insurance Company of Washington, D. C. (Firemen's). ", "It was also asserted that at the time of sale, Joy Co. assigned to the Koppals an $8000 policy it had with Travelers Indemnity Company of Hartford, Connecticut (Travelers) for the same property and that the Koppals paid a $160 premium due thereon. ", "Within a few days of the purchase and assignment, the property suffered fire damage in the asserted amount of $2,243.35, which both insurance companies refused to pay.", "\nAt the time of filing its answer, Firemen's submitted interrogatories to the Koppals. ", "No answers thereto were filed and an order striking the complaint as to the Koppals was entered. ", "Firemen's then moved for judgment on the pleadings against Joy Co. and by affidavit asserted that Joy Co. was not a beneficiary of any company police covering the property in question. ", "This motion went unopposed, was treated by the trial judge as one for summary judgment, and as such was granted.", "\nTravelers also moved for summary judgment against Joy Co. However, the trial court entered an order purporting to grant summary judgment \"for the said defendant, and against plaintiff, Raymond Koppal, et al and Joy Trading Company, Inc.\"\nThe Motion to Reinstate was based entirely on the contention that appellants were denied \"their day in court\" because of failure of their counsel to apprise them of the interrogatories and to oppose the motions resulting in summary judgment. ", "At no time did counsel address the question of the scope and extent of relief available under SCR Civil Rule 37(d) for failure of a party[3] to respond to interrogatories. ", "Surely in considering whether to grant relief from judgment it was necessary to recognize that an order in effect striking the complaint as it related to the Koppals in reality dismissed their claim and was the most severe sanction available under Rule 37.", "\n*339 The remedy of dismissal for failure of plaintiff to serve answers to interrogatories, while available, should be granted only upon a showing of severe circumstances. ", "Fond Du Lac Plaza, Inc. v. Reid, 47 F.R.D. 221 (D.C.Wis.1969). ", "Therefore, for there to have been a meaningful exercise of discretion on the motion for relief from judgment it was necessary to consider whether less severe and more appropriate sanctions than dismissal were justified. ", "SCR Civil Rule 37(d) refers to the relief available under subsection (b) (2) of that rule and dismissal appears to be the least preferred and requires a showing of willfulness on behalf of the party failing to serve the answers. ", "Halverson v. Campbell Soup Co., 374 F.2d 810 (7th Cir. ", "1967). ", "It would seem that a showing of the kind required for dismissal of the Koppals' claim was not made on the motion by Firemen's. ", "It was merely asserted that counsel failed to respond to a letter advising that the answers were past due and demanding answers within 10 days. ", "Without consideration of the foregoing, it cannot be said that denial of relief under Rule 60(b) reveals the kind of informed decision worthy of presumed validity sufficient to stand absent a showing of abuse of discretion.", "\nAs to the order granting summary judgment to Travelers in excess of that requested, it must be observed that no one brought that fact to light in the proceedings seeking relief from judgment. ", "Moreover, it must be remembered that SCR Civil Rule 56(e) provides in cases of a failure to respond to a summary judgment motion that such judgment shall be entered \"if appropriate\". ", "Here it appears that the entry of judgment in favor of travelers against the Koppals was an undiscovered inadvertence. ", "The order was submitted to the court on counsel's stationery. ", "Again we conclude that the record fails to reveal the kind of informed judgment on the motion seeking relief from judgment worthy of presumed validity sufficient to stand absent a showing of abuse of discretion.", "\nUnder these circumstances, we conclude that the entire manner in which all claims were adjudicated should be reviewed under the motion seeking relief from judgment in order that the full purpose of Rule 60(b) may be realized. ", "See D.C. Code 1967, § 17-306. ", "In this context we note that in its motion for summary judgment Travelers failed to submit a statement of material facts as to which it contends there is no genuine issue. ", "See SCR Civil Rule 12-1(k). ", "Had this been done it is likely that counsel and the court would have discovered the error in granting judgment against the Koppals when such was not sought.", "\nAccordingly, the order appealed from is vacated and the case remanded for reconsideration of the motion for relief from judgment in light of what has been said herein.", "\nSo ordered.", "\nNOTES\n[1] SCR Civil Rule 60(b).", "\n[2] Counsel on appeal did not represent appellants in the trial court.", "\n[3] SCR Civil Rule 33.", "\n" ]

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[ "Q:\n\nQAbstractSeries signal clicked because type is QLineSeries\n\nIs there a way to connect QAbstractSeries to a clicked signal because the type of the QAbstractSeries is a QLineSeries?", "\nI can do the following:\nQlineSeries *series = new QLineSeries();\nQChart *chart = new QChart();\nseries->append(1,1);\nchart->addSeries(series);\nconnect(series, &QLineSeries::clicked, this, &View::myFunction);\n\nBut if i have defined the series in another class and i can only access the series through\nQList<QAbstractSeries*> seriesList = chart->series();\n\nI cannot connect a series through\nconnect(seriesList[0], &QAbstractSeries::clicked, this, &View::myFunction);\n\nbecause QAbstractSeries has not a signal \"clicked\". ", "But i can access the type through\nseriesList[0].type();\n\nBut now i don't know how to handle the connection with this information. ", "Or is there another way to get the series out of my chart as a QLineSeries?", "\n\nA:\n\nThe clicked signal is associated with the objects of the class QXYSeries and their derivatives such as QLineSeries so the solution is to make a casting to filter the series:\nfor(QAbstractSeries* series: chart->series()){\n if(QXYSeries* xyseries = qobject_cast<QXYSeries *>(series)){\n connect(xyseries, &QXYSeries::clicked, this, &View::myFunction);\n }\n}\n\nWith the previous code they will be applied to the classes derived from QXYSeries such as QLineSeries and QScatterSeries, but if you only want to apply to QLineSeries then you must do the following:\nfor(QAbstractSeries* series: chart->series()){\n if(QLineSeries* lineseries = qobject_cast<QLineSeries *>(series)){\n connect(lineseries, &QLineSeries::clicked, this, &View::myFunction);\n }\n}\n\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "StackExchange" }

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[ "My Goals:\nI strive to take full advantage of each day and do at least one thing active to better myself physically and emotionally.", "\n\nMy Program:\nI joined a gym three months ago but only started to get into NOW. ", "I plan on taking a group exercise class 3x which would make up for my cardio and strength training (depending on the class) and doing just cardio 2x a week. ", "I hope this is diverse enough to keep me motivated." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }

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[ "\n\nTwitter Blog: The Evolving Ecosystem - there\nhttp://blog.twitter.com/2010/09/evolving-ecosystem.html\n\n======\nthere\n_As this data shows, while smart phone clients are important, there are even\nmore people who use the mobile Twitter web site and/or SMS. ", "We've been seeing\nstrong growth in both of these areas._", "\n\ni'm amazed that sms usage is not only higher than smartphone apps, but that\nit's actually growing. ", "i wonder what kind of usage patterns these sms users\nhave compared to smartphone/desktop app users. ", "how many users do they follow\nand how many messages do they average per day?", "\n\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "HackerNews" }

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[ "Studies on the structural stability of rabbit prion probed by molecular dynamics simulations.", "\nPrion diseases are invariably fatal and highly infectious neurodegenerative diseases that affect humans and animals. ", "Rabbits are the only mammalian species reported to be resistant to infection from prion diseases isolated from other species (I. Vorberg et al., ", "Journal of Virology 77 (3), 2003-2009 (2003)). ", "At the end of 2007 the NMR structure of rabbit prion (124-228) was deposited into protein data bank (PDB entry 2FJ3). ", "This paper studies the inhibition mechanism of rabbit prion at molecular structural level by molecular dynamics simulations." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }

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[ "Q:\n\nCustom date field formatting with smarty\n\nI'm trying to format a custom date field using smarty to send emails. ", "What I want is to have the day of the week included, as \"Wednesday, April 18, 2018\". ", "It seems that this should work:\n{contact.custom_105|date_format:\"%A, %B %e, %Y\"}\n\nBut the mail send hangs. ", "Also hangs if I just use\n{contact.custom_105|date_format}\n\nI can use {contact.custom_105} to send the preformatted date \"03/01/2018 3:15AM\", so I know I'm working with the correct field.", "\nHow can I get this formatted as I want?", "\n\nA:\n\nFound the answer. ", "The civi field token must be captured to a Smarty variable first:\n{capture assign=arr}{contact.custom_105}{/capture}{$arr|date_format:\"%A, %B %e, %Y\"}\n\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "StackExchange" }

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[ "Safety & Security\n\nFailure to follow instructions of Security will result in expulsion from the terminal.", "\n\nAll drivers must have in their possession a valid driver’s license and a current vehicle registration ready for examination upon demand by Security and/or law enforcement.", "\n\nTWIC required for all personnel, for all terminals.", "\n\nJAX Terminal Badge Required. ", "Badges can be obtained at Jaxport’s Access Control Center. ", "For more information, call (904) 357-3344.", "\n\nPedestrians permitted on sidewalks and designated walkways.", "\n\nStop at all stop signs and unmarked crossings.", "\n\nTerminal equipment has the right of way at all times.", "\n\nAll vehicles and/or coupled equipment are subject to inspection.", "\n\nNo unauthorized passengers or pets permitted.", "\n\nAll drivers must remain in their vehicle while awaiting service or movement to another area.", "\n\nDrivers must wear safety vests.", "\n\nDrivers must follow established traffic patterns- ask for assistance/directions if needed.", "\n\nDrivers are NOT permitted to drive in between crane rails when a vessel is working.", "\n\nDrivers are NOT permitted to drive in between stacks of decked containers.", "\n\nVehicle engines must be turned off while waiting.", "\n\nVehicles may only be parked in marked areas or in areas so instructed by security.", "\n\nRepair or maintenance of vehicles and/or equipment is prohibited.", "\n\nUse of cell phones or other obstructive devices are prohibited while operating a vehicle.", "\n\nIn the event of an emergency, you will be directed to one of the designated assembly areas by supervision. ", "Remain at the designated assembly area for an official accounting of personnel, and issuance of further instructions.", "\n\nLegal Terms & Privacy\n\nTERMS OF SERVICE\n\nThese Terms of Service (this “Agreement”) constitutes a legally binding contract between TraPac, LLC, a California limited liability company (“Company,” “we,” “us,” “our”) and you with respect to your use of our services, websites, and applications (collectively, the “Service”). ", "It is important that you carefully read and understand the terms and conditions of this Agreement. ", "By accessing or using the service, you are consenting to be bound by the terms and conditions of this agreement. ", "If you do not agree to all of the terms and conditions of this agreement, do not access or use the service. ", "If you access or use the Service on behalf of a company, principal, or other entity, you represent that you have authority to bind such entity and its affiliates to this Agreement and that it is fully binding on them. ", "In such case, the term “you” will refer to such entity and its affiliates. ", "If you do not have authority, you may not access or use the Service. ", "Be advised that this Agreement contains disclaimers of warranties and limitations on liability that may be applicable to you.", "\n\n1. ", "Changes to this Agreement\n\nWe reserve the right to, at any time, with or without cause:\n\nchange the terms and conditions of this Agreement;\n\nchange the Service, including eliminating or discontinuing any service or other feature of the Service; or\n\ndeny or terminate your use of and/or access to the Service.", "\n\nAny changes we make will be effective immediately upon our making such changes available on the Service or otherwise providing notice thereof. ", "You agree that your continued use of the Service after such changes constitutes your acceptance of such changes. ", "Be sure to return to this page periodically to ensure familiarity with the most current version of this Agreement.", "\n\n2. ", "Use of the Service\n\nIn order to gain access to the Company website for availability, block delivery, or other secured applications, you must be:\n\nan employee of a shipping line whose containers are moved through the Company terminal,\n\nan employee of a broker authorized by said shipping line(s), or\n\nan employee of a trucking company authorized by said shipping line(s) or broker(s).", "\n\nWe reserve the right to decline to provide the Service to any person for any or no reason. ", "If and when you register with or provide information to the Company, you agree to: (a) provide accurate, current, and complete information as prompted (including your e-mail address) and (b) maintain and update your information (including your e-mail address) to keep it accurate, current, and complete. ", "You acknowledge that, if any information provided by you is untrue, inaccurate, not current, or incomplete, we reserve the right to terminate your use of the Service. ", "By providing the Company with your email address or other contact information, you consent to our use of this information to send you Service-related notices and other administrative notices, including any notices required by law.", "\n\nYou are solely responsible for the activity that occurs on your account. ", "You must keep your account credentials (including username and password) secure at all times. ", "You may not share your account with any third parties without the Company’s prior written consent unless such third party has separately entered an agreement with the Company permitting it to access your account. ", "You must notify the Company immediately of any breach or suspected breach of security or unauthorized use of your account. ", "The Company will not be liable for any losses caused by any unauthorized use of your account.", "\n\nYou represent and warrant that you have the full right, power, and authority to enter into and perform this Agreement without the consent or approval of any third party.", "\n\n3. ", "Rules Governing Your Use of the Service\n\nYou may not use the Service, or assist or encourage any other party, to engage in any of the following prohibited activities:\n\nCopying, framing, or mirroring any part of the Service;\n\nAccessing the Service for purposes of monitoring its availability, performance, or functionality;\n\nPermitting any unauthorized third party to access the Service;\n\nUsing, copying, modifying, creating a derivative work of, reverse engineering, decompiling, or otherwise attempting to extract the source code of the software underlying the Service or any part thereof, unless expressly permitted or required by law, and in any case, without providing prior written notice to the Company;\n\nPublishing, transmitting, distributing, or storing content, material, information, or data that: (a) is illegal, obscene, defamatory, libelous, threatening, harassing, abusive, or hateful or that advocates violence or threatens the health of others; (b) is harmful to or interferes with the Service or any third party’s networks, equipment, applications, services, or websites (e.g., viruses, worms, Trojan horses, etc.); (", "c) infringes, dilutes, misappropriates, or otherwise violates any privacy, intellectual property, publicity, or other personal rights including, without limitation, copyrights, patents, trademarks, trade secrets, or other proprietary information (including unauthorized use of domain names); or (d) is fraudulent or contains false, deceptive, or misleading statements, claims, or representations (such as “phishing”);\n\nAttempting to disrupt, degrade, impair, or violate the integrity or security of the Service or the computers, services, accounts, or networks of any other party (including, without limitation, “hacking,” “denial of service” attacks, etc.), ", "including any activity that typically precedes attempts to breach security such as scanning, probing, or other testing or vulnerability assessment activity, or engaging in or permitting any network or hosting activity that results in the blacklisting or other blockage of the Company internet protocol space;\n\nAvoiding payment of charges or fees payable by you with respect to the Service;\n\nCopying, distributing, or disclosing any part of the Service in any medium, including without limitation by any automated or non-automated “scraping”;\n\nUsing any automated system, including, without limitation, “robots,” “spiders,” “offline readers,” etc., ", "to access the Service in a manner that sends more request messages to the Company than a human can reasonably produce in the same period of time by using a conventional web browser;\n\nTaking any action that imposes, or may impose, at our sole discretion, an unreasonable or disproportionately large load on our infrastructure;\n\nCollecting or harvesting any personally identifiable information, including account names, from the Service;\n\nUsing the Service for any commercial solicitation purposes;\n\nImpersonating another person or otherwise misrepresenting your affiliation with a person or entity, conducting fraud, hiding or attempting to hide your identity;\n\nAccessing any content on the Service through any technology or means other than those provided or authorized by the Service;\n\nSubmitting to the Service or to the Company any personally identifiable information, except as necessary for the establishment and operation of your account;\n\nBypassing the measures we may use to prevent or restrict access to the Service, including, without limitation, features that prevent or restrict use or copying of any content or enforce limitations on use of the Service or the content therein;\n\nViolating any applicable law, statute, ordinance, or regulation, or encourage any conduct that could constitute a criminal offense or give rise to civil liability;\n\nTransmitting any trade secret or other material, non-public information about any person, company, or entity without the authorization to do so;\n\nRemoving any copyright, trademark, or other proprietary rights notices contained in or on the Service;\n\nSublicensing selling, renting, leasing, transferring, assigning, or conveying any rights under this Agreement to any third party, except as expressly permitted herein;\n\nExecuting any form of network monitoring or running a network analyzer or packet sniffer or other technology to intercept, decode, mine, or display any packets used to communicate between the Service’s servers or any data not intended for you; and/or\n\nHarvesting or collecting information about any Service visitors or members without their express consent.", "\n\nImproper use of the Service may result in termination of your access to and use of the Service, and/or civil or criminal liabilities. ", "You agree to use the Service in accordance with all applicable laws.", "\n\n4. ", "Intellectual Property\n\nYour Rights\n\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Agreement (including any restrictions on any applicable authorization or order form), you are hereby granted a non-exclusive, non-transferable, non-sublicensable, and revocable license to access and use the Service solely for your own internal use in connection with the proper delivery of containerized cargo. ", "The Company reserves all rights not expressly granted herein in the Service. ", "Except as expressly set forth herein, no rights or licenses are granted to you under this Agreement, whether by implication, estoppel, or otherwise.", "\n\nCompany Rights\n\nUser Content: You expressly grant, and you represent and warrant that you have all rights necessary to grant, to the Company, a royalty-free, fully paid-up, sublicensable (through multiple tiers of sublicensees), transferable, perpetual, irrevocable, non-exclusive, worldwide license to use, distribute, modify, reproduce, publically display, publically perform, and create derivative works of any information, data, materials, photographs, images, or content you provide to the Company (“User Content”) for the purposes of (a) providing the Service, or (b) developing, maintaining, supporting, or improving the Service. ", "You agree that the Company may store User Content in order to provide the Service. ", "The Company aggregates User Content with other data and also collects technical information and data about your use of the Service. ", "You expressly agree that the Company may use any aggregated and anonymized data for any purpose during or after the term of this Agreement, including, without limitation, to develop and improve the Service or other the Company services and products.", "\n\nFeedback and Improvements: You may choose to or we may invite you to submit comments, suggestions, feedback, or ideas about the Service, including, without limitation, about how to improve the Service or our products (“Feedback”). ", "By submitting any Feedback, you agree that your disclosure is gratuitous, unsolicited and without restriction. ", "We are free to use the Feedback without any additional compensation to you, and/or to disclose the Feedback on a non-confidential basis or otherwise to anyone. ", "The Company will be free to use, disclose, reproduce, license, distribute, modify, perform, display, and exploit the Feedback you provide, without any restriction of any kind on account of intellectual property rights or otherwise. ", "You further acknowledge that, by acceptance of your submission, the Company does not waive any rights to use similar or related ideas previously known to the Company, or developed by its employees, or obtained from sources other than you.", "\n\nProprietary Rights\n\nThe Service is owned and operated by the Company, and the Service (and any intellectual property and other rights relating thereto) is and will remain the property of the Company and its licensors and suppliers. ", "The Service is protected by U.S. and international copyright, trademark, and other laws, and you acknowledge that these rights are valid and enforceable. ", "The Service may be used solely to the extent permitted in this Agreement. ", "You acknowledge that you do not acquire any ownership rights by using the Service. ", "The trademarks, logos, and service marks displayed on the Service (collectively, the “Company Trademarks”) are the registered and unregistered trademarks of the Company, the Company’s licensors and suppliers, and/or others. ", "Nothing contained in this Agreement or the Service should be construed as granting, by implication, estoppel, or otherwise, any license or right to use any Company Trademark(s) without the express written permission of the Company, the Company’s licensors or suppliers, or the third-party owner of any such Company Trademark. ", "Subject to the rights granted to the Company in this Agreement, as between you and the Company, you retain all right, title, and interest in and to your User Content.", "\n\n5. ", "Third-Party Links\n\nThe Service may contain links to other websites for your convenience. ", "We do not control the linked websites or the content provided through such websites, and we have not reviewed, in their entirety, such websites. ", "Your use of linked websites is subject to the privacy practices and terms of use established by the specific linked website, and we disclaim all liability for such use. ", "The fact that we offer such links does not indicate any approval or endorsement by us of any linked website or any material contained on any linked website, and we disclaim any such approval or endorsement.", "\n\n6. ", "No Use by Children Under 13\n\nYou hereby affirm that you are over the age of thirteen (13), as the Service is not intended for children under 13. ", "If you are under 13 years of age, then you may not use the Service. ", "You further affirm that you are fully able and competent to enter into the terms, conditions, obligations, affirmations, representations, and warranties set forth in this Agreement, and to abide by and comply with this Agreement.", "\n\n7. ", "Term & Termination\n\nThis Agreement is effective from the date on which you first access the Service or submit any User Content to the Company, whichever is earlier, and shall remain effective until terminated in accordance with its terms. ", "The Company may immediately terminate this Agreement, and/or your access to and use of the Service, or any portion thereof, at any time and for any reason, with or without cause, without prior notice. ", "The Company may also terminate this Agreement immediately if you fail to comply with any term or provision of this Agreement. ", "Upon termination of this Agreement by either party, your right to use the Service shall immediately cease and you shall cease all use of the Service. ", "Upon termination or expiration of this Agreement for any reason, Sections 1, 2, 3, 4(B), 4(C), 4(D), and 5–15 shall survive.", "\n\nWe reserve the right at any time and from time to time to modify or discontinue, temporarily or permanently, the Service, or any part or portion thereof, with or without notice to you. ", "You agree that we shall not be liable to you or to any third party for any modification, suspension, or discontinuance of the Service, or any part of portion thereof. ", "Nothing in this Agreement shall be construed to obligate the Company to maintain and support the Service, or any part or portion thereof, during the term of this Agreement.", "\n\n8. ", "Disclaimers\n\nThe service is provided “as is” and “with all faults” and for informational purposes only. ", "The service is provided without warranties of any kind, either express or implied, and all warranties, express or implied, including, without limitation, implied warranties of title, non-infringement, accuracy, completeness, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, any warranties that may arise from course of dealing, course of performance, or usage of trade, and any warranties that the service is current and/or up-to-date are hereby expressly disclaimed to the fullest extent permissible under applicable law.", "\n\nThere is no warranty, representation, or guarantee that the service, or your use of the service, will be uninterrupted, complete, accurate, current, reliable, error-free, secure, or that any problems will be corrected, or that the service, or any information, software, or other material accessible from the service, is free of viruses or other harmful components. ", "We do not warrant, guarantee, or make any representation regarding the use of, or the results of the use of, the service and you assume all responsibility and risk for your use of the service, and your reliance thereon.", "\n\n9. ", "Limitation of Liability\n\nNotwithstanding the failure of essential purpose of any limited remedy of any kind, neither the company nor any of its licensors, sponsors, agents, successors, or assigns, nor our or their directors, officers, employees, consultants, or other representatives, are responsible or liable for any incidental, consequential, special, exemplary, punitive or other indirect damages (including, without limitation, any loss of profits, lost savings, or loss of data) under any contract, negligence, strict liability, or other theory arising out of or relating in any manner to the service, and/or any linked website, whether or not we have been informed of the possibility of such damages or liabilities. ", "The company’s maximum aggregate liability to you shall not exceed one hundred dollars ($100). ", "Neither the company nor any of its licensors, sponsors, agents, successors, or assigns, nor our or their directors, officers, employees, consultants, or other representatives will have any liability to you for any damages, expenses, or other liability incurred by you as a result of any inaccuracy, incompleteness, or misrepresentation of any information, content, postings, or submissions provided or posted on the service by third parties.", "\n\nSome states do not allow the exclusion or limitation of certain warranties and/or liabilities, so certain of the above limitations or exclusions may not apply to you.", "\n\n10. ", "Indemnification\n\nYou (and also any third party for whom you operate an account on the Service) agree to fully indemnify, defend (at the Company’s request), and hold the Company, our licensors, suppliers, agents, successors, and assigns, and our and their directors, officers, employees, consultants, and other representatives (collectively, the “Company Parties”) harmless from and against any and all claims, damages, losses, costs (including reasonable attorneys’ fees), and other expenses that arise directly or indirectly out of or from: (a) your actual or alleged breach of this Agreement; (b) any allegation that any User Content or other materials you submit to us or transmit to the Service infringe, misappropriate, or otherwise violate the copyright, patent, trademark, trade secret, or other intellectual property or other rights of any third party; (c) your activities in connection with the Service or other websites to which the Service is linked; (d) your negligence or willful misconduct; (e) your use of the results, content, data, or information provided via the Service; (f) any service or product offered by you in connection with or related to your use of the Service; and/or (g) your violation of any laws, rules, regulations, codes, statutes, ordinances, or orders of any governmental and quasi-governmental authorities, including, without limitation, all regulatory, administrative and legislative authorities.", "\n\n11. ", "Jurisdictional Issues\n\nThe Company makes no representation that the Service operates (or is legally permitted to operate) in all geographic areas, or that the Service is appropriate or available for use in other locations. ", "Accessing the Service from territories where the Service or any content or functionality of the Service or portion thereof is illegal is expressly prohibited. ", "If you choose to access the Service, you agree and acknowledge that you do so on your own initiative and at your own risk, and that you are solely responsible for compliance with all applicable laws. ", "The Service is operated from the United States. ", "If you are located outside of the United States and choose to use the Service or provide your User Content to us, your User Content will be transferred, processed, and stored in the United States. ", "U.S. privacy laws may not be as protective as those in your jurisdiction. ", "Your agreement to the terms of this Agreement followed by your submission of your User Content in connection with the Service represents your agreement to this practice. ", "If you do not want your User Content transferred to or processed or stored in the United States, you should not use the Service.", "\n\n12. ", "Notice for California Users\n\nUnder California Civil Code Section 1789.3, California Service users are entitled to the following specific consumer rights notice: The Complaint Assistance Unit of the Division of Consumer Services of the California Department of Consumer Affairs may be contacted in writing at 1625 N. Market Blvd., ", "Suite N 112, Sacramento, California 95834, or by telephone at (800) 952-5210.", "\n\n13. ", "Choice of Law and Forum\n\nThis Agreement and your relationship with the Company Parties shall be governed by, and construed and interpreted in accordance with, the laws of the State of California without regard to its conflict of laws principles and will specifically not be governed by the united nations conventions on contracts for the international sale of goods, if otherwise applicable. ", "The parties irrevocably consent to bring any action to enforce this\n\nAgreement in the federal or state courts located in Los Angeles County, California and you consent to the exclusive jurisdiction of the federal or state courts located in Los Angeles County, California.", "\n\n14. ", "U.S. Government Restricted Rights\n\nThe Service shall be deemed “commercial computer software” pursuant to DFAR Section 227.7202 and FAR Section 12.212, as applicable. ", "Any use, modification, reproduction release, performance, display or disclosure of the Service by the U.S. Government will be governed solely by the terms of this Agreement and will be prohibited except to the extent expressly permitted by the terms of this Agreement.", "\n\n15. ", "Miscellaneous\n\nIf any provision of this Agreement is held to be invalid or unenforceable by a court of competent jurisdiction, then the remaining provisions will nevertheless remain in full force and effect, and such provision will be reformed in a manner to effectuate the original intent of the parties as closely as possible and remain enforceable. ", "If such reformation is not possible in a manner that is enforceable, then such term will be severed from the remaining terms, and the remaining terms will remain in effect. ", "This is the entire Agreement between you and us relating to the subject matter herein and supersedes any and all prior or contemporaneous written or oral agreements between you and us with respect to such subject matter. ", "This Agreement may not be changed, waived, or modified except by a written instrument signed by the Company. ", "If any employee of the Company offers to modify this Agreement, he or she is not acting as an agent for the Company or speaking on the Company’s behalf. ", "You may not rely, and should not act in reliance on, any statement or communication from an employee of the Company or anyone else purporting to act on the Company’s behalf. ", "This Agreement is between you and the Company; there are no third-party beneficiaries. ", "You are responsible for compliance with all applicable laws and regulations, including, but not limited to, United States export and import regulations. ", "You may not use the Service if you are a resident of a country embargoed by the United States, or are a foreign person or entity blocked or denied by the United States government. ", "No agency, partnership, joint venture, employee-employer, or franchiser-franchisee relationship is intended or created by this Agreement. ", "Neither this Agreement nor any right, obligation, or remedy hereunder is assignable, transferable, delegable, or sublicensable by you except with the Company’s prior written consent, and any attempted assignment, transfer, delegation, or sublicense shall be null and void. ", "The Company may assign, transfer, or delegate this Agreement or any right or obligation or remedy hereunder in its sole discretion. ", "No waiver by either party of any breach or default hereunder shall be deemed to be a waiver of any preceding or subsequent breach or default. ", "Except as explicitly stated otherwise, legal notices shall be served on the Company at info@trapac.com(in the case of the Company) or to the e-mail address you have designated on your account (in your case). ", "Notice to you shall be deemed given 24 hours after the email is sent. ", "Any heading, caption, or section title contained in this Agreement is inserted only as a matter of convenience, and in no way defines or explains any section or provision hereof." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }

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[ "Structural relaxation, self-diffusion, and kinetic heterogeneity in the two-dimensional lattice Coulomb gas.", "\nWe present Monte Carlo simulation results on the equilibrium relaxation dynamics in the two-dimensional lattice Coulomb gas, where finite fractions f of the lattice sites are occupied by positive charges. ", "In the case of high-order rational values of f close to the irrational number 1-g [g identical with (square root of 5-1)/2 is the golden mean], we find that the system exhibits, for a wide range of temperatures above the first-order transition, a glassy behavior resembling the primary relaxation of supercooled liquids. ", "Single-particle diffusion and structural relaxation show that there exists a breakdown of proportionality between the time scale of diffusion and that of structural relaxation analogous to the violation of the Stokes-Einstein relation in supercooled liquids. ", "Suitably defined dynamic cooperativity is calculated to exhibit the characteristic nature of dynamic heterogeneity present in the system." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }

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[ "BRASÍLIA – Um recurso da Procuradoria-Geral da República pedindo a prisão preventiva do senador Aécio Neves (PSDB-MG), no caso do pagamento de R$ 2 milhões pela J&F a pessoas ligadas ao tucano, poderá ser analisado na próxima terça-feira (19) pela Primeira Turma do Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF).", "\n\nO ministro Marco Aurélio Mello, relator do inquérito e presidente da Primeira Turma, pautou para a sessão da terça-feira o pedido de prisão, mas antes haverá a discussão sobre onde o pedido de prisão deve ser analisado. ", "A defesa quer o julgamento no plenário, enquanto a Procuradoria-Geral da República (PGR) defende que seja na Primeira Turma, conforme o entendimento inicial do ministro Marco Aurélio Mello. ", "Se a preliminar da defesa for rejeitada, começará o julgamento do pedido da PGR.", "\n\nAlvo da Operação Patmos, realizada em maio para apurar fatos trazidos no acordo de colaboração de executivos do Grupo J&F, Aécio Neves ficou impedido de exercer atividades parlamentares por decisão do ministro Edson Fachin, relator do caso, por mais de um mês. ", "Após mudança de relatoria, no dia 30 de junho, o ministro Marco Aurélio Mello revogou a medida do ministro Fachin e devolveu Aécio ao Senado.", "\n\nAécio Neves tem negado qualquer tipo de irregularidade. ", "A assessoria de imprensa do tucano foi procurada e ainda não enviou um retorno sobre se o senador deseja se manifestar.", "\n\nO julgamento do pedido de prisão havia sido pautado originalmente para 20 de junho. ", "Durante a sessão, no entanto, houve um adiamento diante de uma questão preliminar levantada pela defesa. ", "O novo julgamento acontecerá três meses após este adiamento.", "\n\nDenúncia. ", "Enquanto não se conclui a análise dos recursos em relação ao caso Aécio Neves, a denúncia apresentada pela PGR contra o senador por corrupção passiva e obstrução de justiça segue sem ser analisada. ", "O ministro Marco Aurélio Mello, relator, já explicou que só notificará a defesa para a apresentação de defesa prévia após o encerramento da análise dos recursos, como o da PGR, que insiste na prisão do senador.", "\n\nAécio Neves foi acusado no dia 2 de junho pelo suposto recebimento de R$ 2 milhões em propina da JBS e por obstrução de Justiça por tentar impedir os avanços da Operação Lava Jato.", "\n\nA irmã de Aécio, Andrea Neves, o primo Frederico Pacheco e o advogado Mendherson Souza Lima também foram denunciados, mas apenas por corrupção passiva. ", "Os três foram presos na Operação Patmos, deflagrada em 18 de maio, e depois conseguiram o benefício de deixar a prisão. ", "A denúncia contra eles foi remetida para análise na primeira instância, por decisão do ministro Marco Aurélio Mello.", "\n\nEntre as acusações que pesam sobre Aécio no âmbito da delação dos empresários do grupos J&F, está a gravação na qual o tucano pede R$ 2 milhões a Joesley Batista, um dos donos da JBS. ", "Em uma conversa, o tucano aparece pedindo o dinheiro ao empresário sob a justificativa de que precisava pagar despesas com sua defesa na Lava Jato.", "\n\nA irmã de Aécio, Andrea Neves, teria feito o primeiro contato com o empresário. ", "O tucano indicou seu primo Frederico para receber o dinheiro. ", "Mendherson também teria participado. ", "O dinheiro foi entregue pelo diretor de Relações Institucionais da JBS, Ricardo Saud, um dos sete delatores. ", "Ao todo, foram quatro entregas de R$ 500 mil cada uma. ", "Para a PGR, o dinheiro teria Aécio Neves como destinatário final.", "\n\nCOM A PALAVRA, AÉCIO\n\n“Ao insistir pela terceira vez em um injustificado e inconstitucional pedido de prisão já negado pelos Ministros Edson Fachin e Marco Aurélio, o Procurador Geral da República, como já afirmou o Ministro Marco Aurélio, ignora princípios elementares de um Estafo Democrático, como a tripartição dos Poderes. ", "O senador Aécio Neves foi, na verdade, vítima de uma grande e criminosa armação engendrada pelos senhores Joesley Batista e Ricardo Saud em busca dos benefícios de uma generosa delação. ", "A defesa do senador confia na manutenção das decisões anteriores porque estão alicerçadas no que diz a Constituição brasileira. ", "O tempo e as provas que vêm vindo à tona demonstrarão quem são os verdadeiros delinquentes, que deverão responder por seus crimes.”" ]

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[ "As Meteor Blades wrote earlier, President Obama is proposing a one-year extension of tax cuts on income under $250,000. ", "He is scheduled to deliver comments at 11:50 AM ET from The White House and we'll be posting live updates throughout his remarks. ", "Stay tuned here and join the conversation in the comments.", "\n\n\n\nRomneyland has already responded, even before Obama's remarks. ", "They say he's proposing to raise taxes on \"job creators\" because the Bush tax cuts for the wealthy would expire. ", "But not only does everybody get the tax cut on income under $250,000, by rejecting Obama's plan, Romney is saying he would rather raise everybody's taxes than accept an extension without the upper-income cuts.", "\n\nIf Mitt Romney thinks it's such a great idea to extend income tax cuts on income over $250,000, why create a hostage crisis and hold the middle-income tax cuts hostage? ", "Why not build his campaign around supporting it and try making the case on its own merits?", "\n\nThings are running a bit late, but I suspect it won't be nearly as bad a delay as these things can sometimes be, because this appears to be a fairly-well choreographed event. ", "The president will be speaking with people who would benefit from the tax cut extension by his side—people who Mitt Romney and the Republicans would hold hostage. ", "He will also be doing several interviews with local television stations on the topic.", "\n\nLooks like I may have spoken too soon with respect to things not running late.", "\n\nAnd here is President Obama, speaking in The East Room. ", "About twenty taxpayers are standing behind him as he gives his remarks.", "\n\nPresident Obama frames the debate as part of building an economy in which everybody has a hot—where if you work hard, you can get ahead. ", "And he says the biggest problem we face is political, and that the tax issue demonstrates that problem. ", "One side—Republicans—believes prosperity is top-down, he says. ", "But the other side—his side—believes it is built from the bottom-up. ", "And that's why he's focused on middle-income tax cuts.", "\n\n\"Top-down economics\" hasn't worked, he said. ", "Cutting taxes on the wealthy has helped make them wealthier, but it hasn't created jobs. \"", "I believe it's time to let the tax cuts for the wealthiest Americans—folks like myself—to expire.\"", "\n\n\"I might feel differently if we were still in surplus, but we've got these huge deficit ... the money we're spending on these cuts is a huge driver of deficits.\" ", "These tax cuts aren't driving growth, Obama says. ", "He wants, for the wealthy, to return to \"the tax rates under Bill Clinton.\"", "\n\n\"I'm calling on Congress to extend the tax cuts to the 98 percent of Americans who make less than $250,000 for another year.\" ", "Obama actually doesn't make clear that everyone will benefit from that. ", "The cut is on income below $250K, not just people who make less than that.", "\n\nThis isn't about small business \"job creators.\" ", "Obama says he's cut taxes 18 times on small businesses. ", "And he points to tax cuts he's proposed that Congress hasn't acted on. ", "Obama also says 97 percent of small businesses would benefit from the tax extension.", "\n\n\"We should get this done.\" ", "Obama says he knows people disagrees with him on this, but \"we all agree\" on extending the tax cuts on the middle class. \"", "Let's agree to do what we agree on, right? ", "That's what compromise is all about. ", "Let's not hold the vast majority of Americans and our entire economy hostage while we debate the merits of another tax cut for the wealthy. ", "We can have that debate, but let's not hold up working on the thing that we already agree on.\"", "\n\n\"In many ways the fate of\" upper income tax cuts \"will be decided by the next election.\" ", "But we shouldn't hold regular Americans hostage. \"", "We should give [regular Americans] that certainty. ", "We should do it now.\"", "\n\n\"My message to Congress is this. ", "Pass a bill extending the tax cuts for the middle-class. ", "I'll sign it tomorrow. [...] ", "As soon as that gets done we can continue to have a debate whether it's a good idea to extend the tax cuts for the wealthiest Americans.\"", "\n\n\"Right now, our top priority has to be giving middle-class families and small businesses the security that they deserve.\"", "\n\nAnd the president has concluded his remarks. ", "Really pitch-perfect framing, here. ", "His entire argument decouples middle-income tax cuts from the Bush tax cuts for the wealthy. ", "He is calling the Republican bluff. ", "The question now is whether he can sustain this message and force Republicans to defend themselves while being backed into the corner. ", "To accomplish that, Congressional Democrats really need to make sure they have Obama's back." ]

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[ "Despite NAPA’s decision not to return to MWR in 2014, and driver Martin Truex Jr. and crew chief Chad Johnston opting to move on, team owner Rob Kauffman told FOXSports.com that three teams will operate out of the shop next year.", "\n\n“We’ll have two full-time cars and a third car that will run part-time,” Kauffman said. “", "It’s really kind of as simple as that. ", "It’s not going to run for the championship – so it will have the flexibility to try stuff – but the same as everybody else has to pass tech each week and make sure everything’s correct.", "\n\n“But it is a third car. ", "It will help us keep the core of the team a little bit more substantial by keeping the engineering staff full, the pit crews are still able to keep in practice and keep going through the motions, so if in ’15 we can scale back up to a third car, the infrastructure would still be in place. “", "It’s kind of a little bit of a diet, then maybe you can get back to a playing weight by ’15.”", "\n\nIn 2007, MWR expanded its Sprint Cup program to run two full-time teams and a part-time effort. ", "The following year, the organization added more races to the third car. ", "When Mark Martin became available in 2012, the company began building the third team again and continued with that effort this season. ", "However, MWR experienced a setback at Richmond International Raceway in September when the organization was accused of manipulating the final race before the Chase for the Sprint Cup.", "\n\nRegardless, MWR has solid support from 5-hour Energy for the No. ", "15 Toyota and Clint Bowyer. ", "Bowyer is currently seventh in the point standings (before Sunday's race). ", "Aaron’s will continue its support on the No. ", "55 and driver Brian Vickers when he returns to action in 2014. ", "Vickers was diagnosed with a blood clot last month and has been sidelined since.", "\n\nWhen asked who the driver would be for the third car, Kauffman said coyly, “There is one.", "”Pressed whether that driver was Jeff Burton, he replied, “There is a list.”", "\n\nIn Honor of my nephew serving our country out of Baumholder Army Base in Germany.", "\n\nbeaverpond wrote:Michael Waltrip Racing will field a third car in 2014.", "\n\nDespite NAPA’s decision not to return to MWR in 2014, and driver Martin Truex Jr. and crew chief Chad Johnston opting to move on, team owner Rob Kauffman told FOXSports.com that three teams will operate out of the shop next year.", "\n\n“We’ll have two full-time cars and a third car that will run part-time,” Kauffman said. “", "It’s really kind of as simple as that. ", "It’s not going to run for the championship – so it will have the flexibility to try stuff – but the same as everybody else has to pass tech each week and make sure everything’s correct.", "\n\n“But it is a third car. ", "It will help us keep the core of the team a little bit more substantial by keeping the engineering staff full, the pit crews are still able to keep in practice and keep going through the motions, so if in ’15 we can scale back up to a third car, the infrastructure would still be in place. “", "It’s kind of a little bit of a diet, then maybe you can get back to a playing weight by ’15.”", "\n\nIn 2007, MWR expanded its Sprint Cup program to run two full-time teams and a part-time effort. ", "The following year, the organization added more races to the third car. ", "When Mark Martin became available in 2012, the company began building the third team again and continued with that effort this season. ", "However, MWR experienced a setback at Richmond International Raceway in September when the organization was accused of manipulating the final race before the Chase for the Sprint Cup.", "\n\nRegardless, MWR has solid support from 5-hour Energy for the No. ", "15 Toyota and Clint Bowyer. ", "Bowyer is currently seventh in the point standings (before Sunday's race). ", "Aaron’s will continue its support on the No. ", "55 and driver Brian Vickers when he returns to action in 2014. ", "Vickers was diagnosed with a blood clot last month and has been sidelined since.", "\n\nWhen asked who the driver would be for the third car, Kauffman said coyly, “There is one.", "”Pressed whether that driver was Jeff Burton, he replied, “There is a list.”", "\n\nLemme guess.......They've talked Martin out of retirement AGAIN????", "\n\nUnless you've experienced the Unconditional Love and Loyalty of a good dog, you have yet to live.", "\"GOD BLESS OUR TROOPS,ESPECIALLY THE SNIPERS\"[/[color=#FF4000]color]\n\nAfter racing parts of 31 NASCAR seasons, Mark Martin might take his final checkered flag next week at Homestead-Miami Speedway.", "\n\nMartin told reporters Friday at Phoenix International Raceway that while he's unwilling to use the word \"retire,\" the 54-year-old has no racing planned for next year and has declined offers on every level of NASCAR racing.", "\n\nAfter 40 wins in NASCAR's premier Sprint Cup Series, 49 more in the Nationwide Series and five championships in the now-defunct International Race of Champions, Martin said it was \"time to open a new chapter.\"", "\n\nHe plans to stay active in the sport by helping Stewart-Haas Racing with testing next season, including driving Tony Stewart's No. ", "14 car in preseason Daytona activities while the team owner continues to heal from a broken right leg.", "\n\n\"We've known this for awhile, we just kept it to ourselves and to our friends and stuff,\" Martin said of his decision. \"", "If I get through Homestead without a scratch, it will be pretty cool. ", "It will be one tremendous career that we did some really great things and I got out of it without paying a big price.\"" ]

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[ "[The experience of reconstructive surgery in patients after surgeries of the ear].", "\nThe article deals with the experience gained by the authors in reconstructive surgery after radical operations on the ear. ", "Three variants of surgical interventions were used. ", "Indications to them are presented based on pathomorphological characteristics of the postoperative cavity and function of the internal ear. ", "Anatomic and functional results of the operation variants are compared." ]

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[ "Impact of farmers' markets on economies within the United States\n\nFarmers' markets are markets in which producers sell directly to consumers. ", "While farmers' markets do not have a measurable impact on the United States economy as a whole, many studies have found that farmers' markets impact state and municipal economies as well as vendors, local businesses, and consumers. ", "These impacts are measured using the IMPLAN Input-Output Model and the Sticky Economic Evaluation Device (SEED), in addition to other methods. ", "The economic impacts that are most frequently measured include effects on the revenue and income of local growers and local businesses, the effects on job creation, and the effects on other sectors of state and local economies. ", "Some obstacles that may reduce impact or create negative economic effects include over-saturation, socioeconomic barriers, the opportunity cost of farmers' markets, and the projected unsustainable growth of farmers' markets in the United States.", "\n\nMethodology\nResearchers use different methods to calculate the economic impact of farmers' markets on economies in the United States. ", "The reason to include methodologies in this article is to demonstrate how impact is measured differently, which influences the findings and conclusions of the studies. ", "The most common methods used are the IMPLAN Input-Output Model and the Sticky Economic Evaluation Device, which are mostly used to calculate the impact of farmers' markets on state, municipal, and local economies.", "\n\nIMPLAN input-output model\nThe IMPLAN input-output model is a quantitative economic software, technique, or data that facilitates analysis of spending. ", "This analytic tool, created by the U.S. Forest Service and the University of Minnesota, uses the Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) input-output criterion combined with other data to compile tables that identify cash flows between different sectors of the economy. ", "IMPLAN methodology has been used in studies on Portland and Iowan farmers' markets to calculate the economic impact by studying consumption-based transactions. ", "It is also used to compute data supporting studies on the impact of farmers' markets on vendor revenue.", "\n\nSticky Economic Evaluation Device (SEED)\nMarket Umbrella is a nonprofit organization that developed the Sticky Economic Evaluation Device (SEED), a tool that measures the economic impact of a public market on neighboring businesses. ", "SEED multiplies the annual revenue generated by consumers of the market and abutting businesses by the multiplier. ", "Specifically, the Regional Input-Output Modeling System II multiplier is used, which is generated by the BEA (BEA). ", "The RIMS II multiplier measures how many dollars remain in the regional or local economy. \"", "The greater the interaction each dollar has with the local economy, the larger the multiplier.\" ", "This methodology also gathers information through customer-intercept surveys and head count tabulation in order to calculate the economic impact the market has on its region. ", "Market Umbrella provides markets with access to their survey templates and facilitates report generating through the use of online accounts on their website. ", "The sales tax revenue generated by market consumers, including purchases at neighboring businesses, is additionally captured. ", "The SEED methodology, developed with farmers' markets in mind, has been used to measure the economic impact of Crescent City Farmers' Markets.", "\n\nEconomic impact on the U.S. economy and its regions\nThere are few studies that focus on the impact of farmers' markets on the United States economy and on regional economies in the U.S. The USDA has the most research surrounding regional variation and overall composition of farmers' markets.", "\n\nImpact on U.S. economy\nIn 2012, the output generated by United States farms contributed $166.9 billion to gross domestic product, which was 1 percent of GDP. ", "This figure includes all farms participating in economic activity, which suggests that the total contribution of farmers' markets to the U.S. economy in terms of output is very small.", "\n\nNevertheless, the number of farmers' markets in the United States is growing rapidly, with growth increasing by 8.6 percent per year on average. ", "About 30 percent of these new markets are less than five years old and most of them report sales that are half the national average. ", "These new markets have on average 22 vendors compared to the national average of 31, and 430 customers per week compared to the national average of 959. ", "This explains why the growth in sales from $888 million in 2000 to $1 billion in 2005 was only 2.5 percent in spite of the rapid growth in the number of farmers' markets. ", "The revenue generated from farmers' markets was $31,923 per month according to a 2005 USDA study.", "\n\nRegional variation\nThe regions that have the most lucrative farmers' markets are the Far West and the mid-Atlantic region. ", "Managers of farmers' markets reported in a 2005 study that about 15 percent of the vendors at their market earned between $25,000 and $100,000 annually. ", "This range was the largest reported level of income across the regions. ", "The North Central and Rocky Mountain regions in contrast experienced the lowest level of sales with revenue between $1,000 and $5,000. ", "This may be due in part to the seasonal variability of different regions. ", "The markets in the Rocky Mountain region were open on average only 3.92 months, while markets in the Far West were open for 4.9 months on average. ", "The Far West also experienced the greatest level of sales with $476,733 per market per year, while the Rocky Mountain region experienced the lowest level of sales with $90,169 per market per year.", "\n\nEconomic impact on states and cities\nMany studies assess the impact of farmers' markets in the United States on state economies and municipal economies. ", "Most of these studies find that farmers' markets benefit state and local economies because they have direct and indirect effects on personal income, job creation, and on output generated in other sectors of the economy including manufacturing and transportation.", "\n\nIowa\nThe Iowa Department of Agriculture and Land Stewardship conducted a study in 2009 to measure the economic impact of farmers' markets in Iowa using the IMPLAN Input-Output (I-O) model. ", "Iowa is fourth in the nation in terms of its number of farmers' markets and ranks second in terms of the number of farmers' markets per capita.", "\n\nThe report shows that sales among Iowa farmers' markets increased by 92 percent since 2004, reaching $38.4 million in sales in 2009. ", "The tables entitled \"Market sales per city, 2004\" and \"Market sales per city, 2009\" show the overall increase in sales among different areas of Iowa between 2004 and 2009.", "\n\nUsing the IMPLAN I-O model, the $38.4 million in farmers' market sales translated into \"$59.4 million of gross sales among sectors in the Iowa economy.\" ", "Additionally, the I-O model found that $12.2 million was linked to \"personal income effects directly or indirectly related to farmers' market activity.\" ", "The study also concluded that 374 jobs were directly linked to farmers' market activity, while 200 jobs were \"indirectly attributed to the activity.\"", "\n\nThe 2009 report also focused on how farmers' markets affect other sectors of the Iowan economy. ", "The two sectors of the economy most impacted by farmers' market activity were agriculture and mining and wholesale and retail trade. ", "The direct impact on agriculture and mining was about $24,960,000, with another $1 million in \"business-related indirect impact\" and \"consumer-related induced impact.\" ", "Construction, manufacturing, transportation, finance, professional services, and personal services were not directly impacted, but between $1 million and $4 million generated in each sector reflected indirect and induced impacts of farmers' market activity. ", "The table entitled \"Output impact of Iowa farmers' market activities\" shows these impacts.", "\n\nPortland, Oregon\nThe City of Portland's Office of Sustainable Development (OSD) commissioned a report in 2008 to study the impact of Portland's 14 farmers' markets on \"the regional Portland metro-area economy.\" ", "The 14 farmers' markets studied in Portland had sales of approximately $11.2 million in the aggregate in 2007.", "\n\nThe study found that the direct impact of \"spending at farmers' markets\" stays within the region, while sales at the traditional grocery store \"leak outside the region.\" ", "Therefore, the estimated direct impact of $11.2 million in farmers' market spending is equivalent to only $3.4 million \"in economic impact in a traditional grocery market\" due to importation of goods and household marginal decision-making in the retail sector.", "\n\nUsing the IMPLAN Input-Output Model, the study also measured the economic impact of product sales, prepared food sales, and management fees, or \"the payment of market management fees by vendors,\" on output, employment, and employee compensation in the Portland economy.", "\n\nThe study concluded that the 14 markets in Portland produced approximately $17 million in output, 150 jobs, and $3.2 million in employee compensation. ", "The table entitled \"Total est. ", "economic impact of 14 Portland-area farmers' markets, 2007\" shows how product sales, prepared food sales, and management fees impacted the Portland economy in 2007.", "\n\nCrescent City Farmers' Market, New Orleans, Louisiana\nUsing the SEED methodology, marketumbrella.org analyzed the economic impact of Crescent City Farmers' Market-Mid City, Crescent City Farmers' Market-CBD, and Crescent City Farmers' Market-Upt, in New Orleans, Louisiana on vendors, the \"host neighborhood,\" and the \"surrounding region.\"", "\n\nThe combined economic impact included vendor revenue, the revenue of nearby businesses, and sales tax revenue. ", "The combined impact of the Crescent City Farmers' markets was $6,655,614.52 on vendor revenue, $5,008,742.34 on neighborhood business revenue, and $236,014.04 on municipal and state tax revenue.", "\n\nCrescent City Farmers Mkt-Mid City was reported to have a market impact of $984,555.13 on vendors and a neighboring business impact of $936,714.04 for a combined annual economic impact of $1,921,269.17. ", "During the 51 days of operation throughout the year, the market generated municipal and state sales tax revenue of $44,138.36.", "\n\nIn its 51 days of operation, Crescent City Farmers Mkt-CBD generated $3,150,982.42 for vendors and $2,657,647.23 for neighboring businesses with a combined annual economic impact of $5,808,629.66. ", "The revenue for municipal and state sales taxes was projected at $125,229.45 annually.", "\n\nLastly, Crescent City Farmers Mkt-Upt generated $2,520,076.97 for vendors and $1,414,381.06 for neighboring businesses, for a combined economic impact of $3,934,458.03. ", "Municipal and State sales tax revenue was projected at $66,646.23.", "\n\nEconomic impacts on U.S. vendors, businesses, and consumers\nFarmers' markets directly impact vendors, businesses, and consumers. ", "Farmers' markets influence these individuals through vendor revenue and sales, the income multiplier effect, local business incubation, employment, and consumer preferences. ", "Many studies concentrate on the impact of farmers' markets on vendors, businesses, and consumers because farmers' markets are a local phenomenon whose effects are most observable at the community or individual level. ", "This section differs from the previous section that highlighted some state and municipal studies because it provides a summary of the general impacts almost all state and municipal studies measure.", "\n\nImpact on total vendor sales\nFarmers' markets generate significant economic benefits to farmers' market vendors. ", "A study shows that vendors who participated in nine markets throughout urban centers like Baltimore and Los Angeles collectively earn $52,000 to $40,594,000 per year from sales. ", "Kamm's Corners Farmers Market, the median market studied, generated $1.8 million per year for vendors. ", " Vendors value the net profits derived from the market, as almost half of the vendors surveyed in a study on Iowa's farmers' markets indicated that they would incur a significant loss if farmers' markets were to close down.", "\n\nImpact on vendor revenue\nVendors generally make more money by selling their products to the local community than by selling them to a wholesaler for use in the conventional food system. ", "One study found that vendors and food producers were able to retain almost, if not all, of the revenue from the sale of their product on the local market. ", "Vendors may receive up to \"seven times greater net revenue on a per unit basis\" in the local market than in the conventional market. ", " It is also easier for vendors at farmers' markets to gauge consumer demand and price their products accordingly because they are able to interact directly with the population that they serve.", "\n\nImpact on vendor incentives\nVendors who participate in farmers' markets usually have another, often primary form of employment. ", "So, selling their goods at the market is usually a residual use of their time. ", "One study suggests that participating in farmers' markets may reduce the incentives of small farm growers to expand their farms and become more efficient because they must dedicate significant time to marketing activities. ", "This suggests that vendor profits may not increase by as much as they could due to the time dedicated to marketing.", "\n\nIncome multiplier effect\nBeyond the direct effects on vendors, farmers' markets also produce indirect effects. ", " Farmers use the sales that they garner from the market to purchase fertilizer, seeds, and other inputs of production from businesses. ", "This type of transaction has income multiplier effects, meaning that farmers' markets not only impact vendor income, but also impact the incomes of businesses linked to the production of commodities sold at the markets. ", "A study focusing on Iowa farmers' markets showed that $12.2 million worth of business income was due to farmers' market-related transactions among vendors. ", " Another study found that almost all of the \"wage and business proprietor income in local food supply chains is retained locally.\"", "\n\nLocal business incubation\nFarmers' markets can support local businesses. ", "A 2002 study found that sixty percent of consumers at farmers' markets also visited stores surrounding the market on the same day. ", "Sixty percent of those consumers also indicated they only visited stores surrounding the farmers' market on days that they visited the market. ", "Another study supports these findings and showed that an \"overwhelming majority\" of customers at farmers' markets also visited at least one nearby store. ", " Additionally, the farmers' market itself provides a space for local and small farm growers to innovate and respond directly to consumer demand. ", "Sweet Briar Farms in Eugene, Oregon began selling pork cuts at the Eugene and Portland farmers' markets in 2000. ", "In the last ten years, the company has expanded to producing bacon and sausage as well as spices, sauces, and rubs. ", "The company now has 25 workers and is one of the biggest pork providers in the Willamette Valley of Oregon. ", "The company credits much of its success to the ability to sell new, experimental products at farmers' markets.", "\n\nJob creation\nA study of Iowa's farmers' markets showed that 140 jobs were created in a single year that could be attributed to farmers' market activity. ", " Other studies also found that farmers' market activity directly and indirectly supports the growth of local jobs. ", " One study showed that 5.4 jobs were created per farmers' market. ", " This figure was used to suggest that public funding of 100 to 500 'otherwise-unsuccessful' farmers' markets per year could generate 13,500 jobs in five years.", "\n\nImpact on consumers\nFarmers' markets address local consumer demand and preferences. ", "The number of farmers' markets in the United States has grown from 340 in 1970 to 7,000 in 2011. ", "There are also over 4,000 CSAs in the United States, which shows that consumers want to buy local food. ", " Consumers that go to farmers' markets generally seek to support local farms and businesses and also seek to buy food that is healthy and sustainably produced. ", "Recent national data show that eighty-two percent of consumers go to farmers' markets to get fresh produce, seventy-five percent go to support the local economy, and fifty-eight percent patron these markets because they want to know the source of the products they buy. ", " Farmers' markets serve a demand not satisfied by the mass-produced and consolidated methods of production of the United States food system. ", "Consumers also benefit from increased information, because they can learn about where the food they buy comes from by speaking with farmers at the market.", "\n\nEconomic impact obstacles\nAlthough the number of farmers' markets has grown substantially in the United States over the last decade, there are some factors that may hinder the overall impact of farmers' markets or create negative effects. ", "Overcoming some of these obstacles will ensure the profitability of farmers' markets while producing positive spillover effects on neighboring markets.", "\n\nOver-saturation\nA negative effect on sales of Iowa farmers' markets was linked to the creation of new farmers' markets, specifically with regard to location and timing. ", "Agriculture Statistician Theresa Varner and Professor of Economics Daniel Otto stated that competition was a factor affecting sales of farmers' markets in Iowa. ", "They identified a conflict based on the days that markets operated and suggested that already existing farmers' markets should be improved and expanded.", "\n\nBarriers\nThe Appalachian Sustainable Agriculture Project (ASAP) analyzed the various barriers low-income individuals face with regard to farmers' markets. ", "The study collected data that highlighted convenience, product pricing, language and cultural barriers, federal nutrition benefits, and lack of information and awareness as some of the obstacles to participating in farmers' markets. ", "\n\tLow-income families and individuals asserted that convenience is a significant incentive in regard to their shopping preferences. ", "Such convenience is provided by 24-hour access, one-stop shopping, consistent product availability, or proximity of markets to public transportation, home, or other regularly accessed places. ", "This convenience is not equally replicated by seasonally driven farmers' markets. ", "Although recent studies have shown farmers' markets to offer competitive prices, some low-income shoppers still identify high prices as a barrier. ", "Additionally, low-income consumers prefer the grocery store price structure and price displays. ", "Promotions resulted in a significant factor for almost half of Oregon food stamp customers surveyed. ", "Participation in farmers' markets was hindered by language barriers. ", "Low-income customers in several studies who did not speak English said participating in these markets was troublesome. ", "The inability or the perception of the inability to process Electronic Benefit Transfer (EBT) cards by some farmers' markets are major barriers for customers that depend on Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) benefits. ", "Lastly a lack of experience and knowledge with fresh food among low-income communities conflicts with market participation.", "\n\nOpportunity cost\nResearch entitled Evaluating the Economic Impact of Farmers' Markets Using an Opportunity Cost Framework was conducted on farmers' markets in West Virginia. ", "Researchers intended to illustrate that opportunity cost reduced net positive impact, however, not disproportionately. ", "They distributed the impact of opportunity cost in the West Virginian economy by major industries. ", "These industries were: agriculture-resources, Mining-utilities-construction, manufacturing, trade-transportation, financial activities, professional-technical services, educational-health-social services, entertainment-travel-other services, and government. ", "The sectors that presented a more significant impact were agriculture-resources and trade-transportation. ", "Education-health-social services were affected by secondary impacts. ", "Total job impacts were felt in the trade-transportation and agriculture-resources sectors. ", "So while the data affirms that farmers' markets have a positive effect on the local economy of West Virginia the opportunity costs reduces its positive impact significantly.", "\n\nUnsustainable growth\nWhile farmers' markets are growing rapidly there is data indicating that a significant number of markets fail in Oregon. ", "The study conducted by Oregon State University analyzed data collected from the Oregon Farmers' Market Association (OFMA) and the Oregon Department of Agriculture (ODA) to identify the various factors that were prevalent in the markets that closed in that state. ", "They identified that markets that failed had a short life span. ", "Their research stated that 50 percent of these failed markets closed after their first season. ", "They noted that older markets could also be prone to failure. ", "Data presented a high manager turnover rate of an average of 30 percent between 1999 and 2005. ", "While analyzing the data, researchers were presented with a set of circumstances dependent on each other. ", "A farmers' market needs resources such as volunteers, and these resources are affected by market administrative revenue. ", "In small markets, there are fewer vendors, which attracts a smaller percentage of customers. ", "Administrative revenue could aid in acquiring more resources, yet small markets cannot supply a significant number of resources. ", "Larger markets are typically better off. ", "Researchers then concluded that market size, administrative revenue, manager turnover, and resource needs were key factors in projecting market failure.", "\n\nSee also\n Farmers' market\n Market (place)\n Community-supported agriculture\n United States Department of Agriculture\n Portland Farmers Market (Oregon)\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n Washington Farmers' Markets\n Farmers' Markets in Mississippi\n Baltimore City Farmers' Market\n Farmers' Markets in New York\n\nFarmers' markets" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }

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[ "The Game\nAdelaide United and Brisbane Roar will both head into their Boxing Day clash with a point to prove after a disappointing Round 12.", "\n\nMike Mulvey's appointment as the Roar's head coach failed to arrest the reigning Hyundai A-League champions' poor form as they lost at home to Perth Glory on Friday night in a match Brisbane urgently needed to win if they are to push for the finals.", "\n\nMulvey has revealed he will be looking to make changes in the January transfer window, making Wednesday's trip to Adelaide one of two opportunities left for his players to impress before they might be replaced.", "\n\nFor Adelaide, Friday night's 6-1 demolition at the hands of the Western Sydney Wanderers ranks as one of the worst performances in the club's history.", "\n\nAdelaide head coach John Kosmina claimed the Wanderers 'bashed up' his side and the Reds will need to show a bit more determination against what is likely to be a desperate Roar line-up.", "\n\nThe big issue\nAdelaide - Having claimed his side were outmuscled by Western Sydney, it will be interesting to see how Kosmina and Adelaide United react. ", "Expect a bit more intensity from the Reds in one-on-one battles but will Kosmina go one step further and bring in a second defensive midfielder versus the Roar? ", "Adelaide's boss has shown this season he is willing to tweak his starting line-up depending on the opposition but has generally stuck with Osama Malik as the only defensive midfielder. ", "Bringing in someone like Fabian Barbiero would be a clear sign Kosmina believes his team needs strengthening in the middle of the park.", "\n\nBrisbane - The Roar have scored just 14 goals in 12 games this season and only one in their past three matches. ", "Last season's A-League top-scorer Besart Berisha has five goals for the season but has only scored once in open play in two months. ", "Can Brisbane's lead striker turn his form around? ", "Berisha is Mulvey's only genuine option to play through the middle of the Roar's attacking trio and if the Albanian does not improve soon, Brisbane's new coach will most likely be in the market for a new striker when the transfer window opens.", "\n\nGamebreaker\nEugene Galekovic - Adelaide United's captain and goalkeeper will surely be smarting after being beaten six times at Parramatta Stadium on Friday night. ", "With Brisbane struggling in front of goal, a resurgent performance from Galekovic could provide the platform for a home win for the Reds.", "\n\nPrediction: Adelaide United 1-1 Brisbane Roar.", "\n\nEveryone involved in the league seems to be waiting for Brisbane to flick a switch and hit good form again but after failing against Perth the dual-reigning champions are clearly in a slump. ", "While the Roar continue to have the majority of possession in most matches, they lack the cutting edge of previous seasons. ", "With Kosmina likely to give Adelaide a more solid look for Brisbane's visit, this match looks on track for a draw. ", "A stalemate will not be too problematic for the Reds, as they will simply be keen to avoid back-to-back losses, but Brisbane can ill-afford to drop many more points if they are to defend their A-League title." ]

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[ "A cocktail of chemicals in the air is making saplings grow bigger than their country cousins.", "\n\nIdentical trees planted 100 kilometres out of the Big Apple only reached half the size of city dwellers in a study.", "\n\nEcologists in the United States say the airborne chemical \"footprint\" seems to favour trees growing in cities.", "\n\n\"City-grown pollution, and ozone in particular, is tougher on country trees,\" says Cornell University ecologist Jillian Gregg.", "\n\nChemical scavengers\n\nGround-level ozone is a secondary pollutant created by the action of sunlight on primary pollutants created in cities.", "\n\nCity-grown pollution is tougher on country trees\n\nDr Jillian Gregg, Cornell University\n\nOzone levels can build up rapidly in conurbations. ", "But other chemicals can act as \"scavengers\", reacting with the ozone and causing levels to drop to almost zero at night and in the winter.", "\n\nBut when ozone is blown into rural areas, cumulative exposure can be greater than in the city centre.", "\n\nThis is because the scavengers, such as nitric oxide churned out by cars, are less abundant outside the urban setting. ", "These higher ozone levels have a detrimental effect on rural trees, leading to stunted growth.", "\n\n\"This [study] looked at one species in one city,\" Dr Gregg told BBC News Online. \"", "But the species is mid-range in terms of ozone sensitivity. ", "We expect that all ozone species should show the same response.\"", "\n\nTown vs country\n\nThe research looked at a native North American tree, the Eastern cottonwood or poplar (Populus deltoides), which grows mainly in mid-western states on flood plains.", "\n\nOnce established, it shoots up rapidly, reaching 30 metres (100 feet) or more in 35 years.", "\n\nPollution has a pay-off for trees\n\nDr Gregg and colleagues took identical root cuttings of the tree and grew them in urban and rural sites in and around New York City.", "\n\nThey wanted to see how the strains of city life affected plants. ", "A big surprise was in store, however.", "\n\nAfter three seasons, the urban cottonwoods had thrived, weighing twice as much as rural ones.", "\n\nThe researchers were able to rule out the influence on growth rates of factors other than ozone such as soil composition, temperature, and carbon dioxide.", "\n\nWriting in the journal Nature, they say the results do not negate the known detrimental effects of urban pollutants.", "\n\nRather, they highlight the effects of secondary reactions that can create high ozone levels beyond the urban core." ]

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[ "Syncope as the initial presentation of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.", "\nSyncope can be the first manifestation of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). ", "Recently, we have encountered one such case and was able to eradiate this symptom by combined chemotherapy and radiotherapy." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }

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[ "Prevalence of scoliosis in patients with Fontan circulation.", "\nTo examine the prevalence of scoliosis in patients with Fontan circulation. ", "Retrospective cohort (case-only), level IV study. ", "A comprehensive paediatric centre. ", "We examined the radiographs of 194 patients who underwent Fontan completion surgery between 1998 and 2011 at a median age of 1.3 years. ", "We collected data on the age at the last available radiograph and when scoliosis was diagnosed; we used the first available radiograph with scoliosis. ", "We also measured the magnitude and direction of the spinal curve in patients with scoliosis. ", "Median age at radiography was 3.4 years. ", "Nineteen patients (9.8%) developed scoliosis; none of them underwent thoracotomy. ", "Most of the patients with scoliosis were older than 5 years of age at scoliosis diagnosis and the female to male ratio was 5 : 3. ", "The major curve was right thoracic in 12 patients (63.2%), left thoracic in four patients (21.1%) and high thoracic in three patients (15.8%). ", "For every 1 year increase in age there was a 27% increased risk of developing scoliosis. ", "There was a high prevalence of scoliosis in patients with Fontan circulation. ", "We recommend interdisciplinary monitoring of these patients to diagnose spinal curve deformities in a timely manner." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }

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[ "var CodeMirror = require('codemirror');\nvar $ = require('jquery-browserify');\nvar _ = require('underscore');\nvar queue = require('queue-async');\nvar jsyaml = require('js-yaml');\nvar patch = require('../../vendor/liquid.patch');\nvar Handsontable = require('handsontable');\nvar Papa = require('papaparse');\n\nvar ModalView = require('./modal');\nvar marked = require('marked');\nvar diff = require('diff');\nvar Backbone = require('backbone');\nvar File = require('../models/file');\nvar HeaderView = require('./header');\nvar ToolbarView = require('./toolbar');\nvar MetadataView = require('./metadata');\nvar auth = require('../config');\nvar util = require('../util');\nvar upload = require('../upload');\nvar cookie = require('../cookie');\nvar templates = require('../../dist/templates');\n\nmodule.exports = Backbone.View.extend({\n id: 'post',\n\n template: templates.file,\n\n subviews: {},\n\n initialize: function(options) {\n _.bindAll(this);\n\n var app = options.app;\n app.loader.start();\n\n // Patch Liquid\n patch.apply(this);\n\n this.app = app;\n this.branch = options.branch || options.repo.get('default_branch');\n this.branches = options.branches;\n this.mode = options.mode;\n this.nav = options.nav;\n this.path = options.path || '';\n this.repo = options.repo;\n this.router = options.router;\n this.sidebar = options.sidebar;\n\n // Set the active nav element established by this.mode\n this.nav.setFileState(this.mode);\n\n // Events from vertical nav\n this.listenTo(this.nav, 'edit', this.edit);\n this.listenTo(this.nav, 'blob', this.blob);\n this.listenTo(this.nav, 'meta', this.meta);\n this.listenTo(this.nav, 'settings', this.settings);\n this.listenTo(this.nav, 'save', this.showDiff);\n\n // Events from sidebar\n this.listenTo(this.sidebar, 'destroy', this.destroy);\n this.listenTo(this.sidebar, 'toggle-editor', this.toggleEditor);\n this.listenTo(this.sidebar, 'draft', this.draft);\n this.listenTo(this.sidebar, 'cancel', this.cancel);\n this.listenTo(this.sidebar, 'confirm', this.updateFile);\n this.listenTo(this.sidebar, 'translate', this.translate);\n\n // Stash editor and metadataEditor content to sessionStorage on pagehide event\n $(window).on('pagehide', this.stashFile);\n\n // Prevent exit when there are unsaved changes\n // jQuery won't bind to 'beforeunload' event\n // e.returnValue for Firefox compatibility\n // https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/Reference/Events/beforeunload\n window.onbeforeunload = (function(e) {\n if (this.dirty) {\n var message = t('actions.unsaved');\n (e || window.event).returnValue = message;\n\n return message;\n }\n }).bind(this);\n\n this.branches.fetch({\n success: this.setCollection,\n error: (function(model, xhr, options) {\n this.router.error(xhr);\n }).bind(this),\n complete: app.loader.done\n });\n },\n\n setCollection: function() {\n this.app.loader.start();\n\n this.collection = this.branches.findWhere({ name: this.branch }).files;\n this.collection.fetch({\n success: this.setModel,\n error: (function(model, xhr, options) {\n this.router.error(xhr);\n }).bind(this),\n complete: this.app.loader.done,\n args: arguments\n });\n },\n\n setModel: function() {\n this.app.loader.start();\n\n // Set model either by calling directly for new File models\n // or by filtering collection for existing File models\n switch(this.mode) {\n case 'edit':\n case 'blob':\n this.model = this.collection.findWhere({ path: this.path });\n break;\n case 'preview':\n this.model = this.collection.findWhere({ path: this.path });\n if (!", "this.model) {\n // We may be trying to preview a new file that only has\n // stashed information lets check and create a dummy model\n var previewPath = this.absolutePathFromComponents (\n this.repo.get('owner').login,\n this.repo.get('name'),\n this.branch,\n this.path\n );\n if (this.getStashForPath(previewPath)) {\n this.model = this.newEmptyFile();\n }\n }\n break;\n case 'new':\n this.model = this.newEmptyFile();\n break;\n }\n\n // Set default metadata from collection\n var defaults = this.collection.defaults;\n var path;\n if (this.model) {\n if (defaults) {\n path = this.nearestPath(this.model.get('path'), defaults);\n this.model.set('defaults', defaults[path]);\n }\n\n // Render on complete to render even if model does not exist on remote yet\n this.model.fetch({\n complete: (function() {\n this.app.loader.done();\n this.render();\n }).bind(this)\n });\n } else {\n this.router.notify(\n t('notification.error.exists'),\n undefined,\n [\n {\n 'title': t('notification.create'),\n 'className': 'create',\n 'link': '#'\n },\n {\n 'title': t('notification.back'),\n 'link': '#' + _.compact([\n this.repo.get('owner').login,\n this.repo.get('name'),\n 'tree',\n this.branch,\n util.extractFilename(this.path)[0]\n ]).join('/')\n }\n ]\n );\n\n this.app.loader.done();\n }\n },\n\n newEmptyFile: function() {\n return new File({\n branch: this.branches.findWhere({ name: this.branch }),\n collection: this.collection,\n path: this.path,\n repo: this.repo\n });\n },\n\n nearestPath: function(path, defaults) {\n // Match nearest parent directory default metadata\n // Match paths in _drafts to corresponding defaults set at _posts\n path = path.replace(/^(_drafts)/, '_posts');\n var nearestDir = /\\/?(?!.*\\/).*$/;\n\n while (!_", ".has(defaults, path) && nearestDir.test(path) && path) {\n path = path.replace( nearestDir, '' );\n }\n\n return path;\n },\n\n cursor: function() {\n var view = this;\n var selection = util.trim(this.editor.getSelection());\n\n var match = {\n lineBreak: /\\n/,\n h1: /^#{1}/,\n h2: /^#{2}/,\n h3: /^#{3}/,\n h4: /^#{4}/,\n strong: /^__([\\s\\S]+?)__(?!_)|^\\*\\*([\\s\\S]+?)\\*\\*(?!\\*)/,\n italic: /^\\b_((?:__|[\\s\\S])+?)_\\b|^\\*((?:\\*\\*|[\\s\\S])+?)\\*(?!\\*)/,\n isNumber: parseInt(selection.charAt(0), 10)\n };\n\n if (!", "match.isNumber) {\n switch (selection.charAt(0)) {\n case '#':\n if (!", "match.lineBreak.test(selection)) {\n if (match.h3.test(selection) && !", "match.h4.test(selection)) {\n this.toolbar.highlight('sub-heading');\n } else if (match.h2.test(selection) && !", "match.h3.test(selection)) {\n this.toolbar.highlight('heading');\n }\n }\n break;\n case '>':\n this.toolbar.highlight('quote');\n break;\n case '*':\n case '_':\n if (!", "match.lineBreak.test(selection)) {\n if (match.strong.test(selection)) {\n // trigger a change\n this.toolbar.highlight('bold');\n } else if (match.italic.test(selection)) {\n this.toolbar.highlight('italic');\n }\n }\n break;\n case '!':", "\n if (!", "match.lineBreak.test(selection) &&\n selection.charAt(1) === '[' &&\n selection.charAt(selection.length - 1) === ')') {\n this.toolbar.highlight('media');\n }\n break;\n case '[':\n if (!", "match.lineBreak.test(selection) &&\n selection.charAt(selection.length - 1) === ')') {\n this.toolbar.highlight('link');\n }\n break;\n case '-':\n if (selection.charAt(1) === ' ') {\n this.toolbar.highlight('list');\n }\n break;\n default:\n if (this.toolbar) this.toolbar.highlight();\n break;\n }\n } else {\n if (selection.charAt(1) === '.' && ", "selection.charAt(2) === ' ') {\n this.toolbar.highlight('numbered-list');\n }\n }\n },\n\n compilePreview: function(content) {\n // Scan the content search for ![]()", "\n // grab the path and file and form a RAW github aboslute request for it\n var scan = /\\!\\[([^\\[]*)\\]\\(([^\\)]+)\\)/g;\n var image = /\\!\\[([^\\[]*)\\]\\(([^\\)]+)\\)/;\n var titleAttribute = /\".*?\"/;\n\n // Build an array of found images\n var results = content.match(scan);\n\n // Iterate over the results and replace\n _.each(results, (function(r) {\n var parts = (image).exec(r);\n var path;\n\n if (parts !", "== null) {\n path = parts[2];\n\n if (!", "util.absolutePath(path)) {\n // Remove any title attribute in the image tag is there is one.", "\n if (titleAttribute.test(path)) {\n path = path.split(titleAttribute)[0];\n }\n\n // Remove {{site.baseurl}}\n path = path.replace('{{site.baseurl}}/', '/');\n\n // Prepend directory path if not site root relative\n path = /^\\//.test(path) ? ", "path.slice(1) :\n util.extractFilename(this.model.get('path'))[0] + '/' + path;\n\n var url = auth.site + '/' + this.repo.get('owner').login + '/' + this.repo.get('name') + '/blob/' + this.branch + '/' + window.escape(path) + '?", "raw=true';\n\n content = content.replace(r, '![' ", "+ parts[1] + '](' + url + ')');\n }\n }\n }).bind(this));\n\n return _.escape(content);\n },\n\n toggleEditor: function() {\n cookie.set('disableCSVEditor', !", "cookie.get('disableCSVEditor'))\n this.render();\n },\n\n parseCSV: function(csvString) {\n return Papa.parse(util.trim(csvString), { // remove trailing whitespace, mholt/PapaParse#279\n skipEmptyLines: true\n });\n },\n\n initCSVEditor: function() {\n var self = this;\n\n var $container = this.$el.find('#csv');\n var container = $container[0];\n var data = this.parseCSV(this.model.get('content'))\n\n var distanceFromTop = $container.offset().top;\n var documentHeight = $(document).height();\n var editorHeight = documentHeight - distanceFromTop;\n\n this.editor = new Handsontable(container, {\n data: data.data,\n colHeaders: true,\n rowHeaders: true,\n stretchH: 'all',\n height: editorHeight,\n fixedRowsTop: 1,\n manualColumnResize: true,\n manualRowResize: true,\n contextMenu: ['row_above', 'row_below', 'col_left', 'col_right', 'remove_row', 'remove_col', 'undo', 'redo'],\n undo: true,\n afterChange: function(changes, source) {\n if (source !", "== 'loadData') self.makeDirty();\n },\n afterRemoveCol: this.makeDirty,\n afterRemoveRow: this.makeDirty,\n afterCreateCol: this.makeDirty,\n afterCreateRow: this.makeDirty\n })\n\n this.editor.getValue = function() {\n return Papa.unparse(this.getSourceData());\n };\n\n this.editor.setValue = function(newValue) {\n var parsedValue = self.parseCSV(newValue);\n this.loadData(parsedValue.data);\n self.makeDirty();\n };\n\n // Check sessionStorage for existing stash\n // Apply if stash exists and is current, remove if expired\n this.stashApply();\n },\n\n initEditor: function() {\n var lang = this.model.get('lang');\n\n var code = this.$el.find('#code')[0];\n code.value = this.model.get('content') || '';\n // TODO: set default content for CodeMirror\n this.editor = CodeMirror.fromTextArea(code, {\n mode: lang,\n lineWrapping: true,\n lineNumbers: (lang === 'gfm' || lang === null) ? ", "false : true,\n extraKeys: this.keyMap(),\n matchBrackets: true,\n dragDrop: false,\n theme: 'prose-bright'\n });\n\n // Bind Drag and Drop work on the editor\n if (this.model.get('markdown') && this.model.get('writable')) {\n upload.dragDrop(this.$el, (function(e, file, content) {\n if (this.$el.find('#dialog').hasClass('dialog')) {\n this.updateImageInsert(e, file, content);\n } else {\n // Clear selection\n this.editor.focus();\n this.editor.replaceSelection('');\n\n // Append images links in this.upload()\n this.upload(e, file, content);\n }\n }).bind(this));\n }\n\n // Monitor the current selection and apply\n // an active class to any snippet links\n if (lang === 'gfm') {\n this.listenTo(this.editor, 'cursorActivity', this.cursor);\n }\n\n this.listenTo(this.editor, 'change', this.makeDirty, this);\n this.listenTo(this.editor, 'focus', this.focus, this);\n\n this.refreshCodeMirror();\n\n // Check sessionStorage for existing stash\n // Apply if stash exists and is current, remove if expired\n this.stashApply();\n },\n\n keyMap: function() {\n var self = this;\n\n if (this.model.get('markdown')) {\n return {\n 'Ctrl-Enter': function (codemirror) {\n self.blob();\n },\n 'Ctrl-S': function(codemirror) {\n self.updateFile();\n },\n 'Cmd-B': function(codemirror) {\n if (self.editor.getSelection() !", "== '') self.toolbar.bold(self.editor.getSelection());\n },\n 'Ctrl-B': function(codemirror) {\n if (self.editor.getSelection() !", "== '') self.toolbar.bold(self.editor.getSelection());\n },\n 'Cmd-I': function(codemirror) {\n if (self.editor.getSelection() !", "== '') self.toolbar.italic(self.editor.getSelection());\n },\n 'Ctrl-I': function(codemirror) {\n if (self.editor.getSelection() !", "== '') self.toolbar.italic(self.editor.getSelection());\n }\n };\n } else {\n return {\n 'Ctrl-S': function(codemirror) {\n self.updateFile();\n }\n };\n }\n },\n\n focus: function() {\n // If an upload queue is set, we want to clear it.", "\n this.queue = undefined;\n\n // If a dialog window is open and the editor is in focus, close it.", "\n this.$el.find('.toolbar .group a').removeClass('on');\n this.$el.find('#dialog').empty().removeClass();\n },\n\n initToolbar: function() {\n this.toolbar = new ToolbarView({\n view: this,\n file: this.model,\n collection: this.collection,\n config: this.config\n });\n\n this.subviews['toolbar'] = this.toolbar;\n this.toolbar.setElement(this.$el.find('#toolbar')).render();\n\n this.listenTo(this.toolbar, 'updateImageInsert', this.updateImageInsert);\n this.listenTo(this.toolbar, 'post', this.post);\n },\n\n titleAsHeading: function() {\n // If the file is Markdown, has metadata for a title,\n // the editable field in the header should be\n // the title of the Markdown document.", "\n var metadata = this.model.get('metadata');\n\n if (this.model.get('markdown')) {\n\n // 1. ", "A title exists in a files current metadata\n if (metadata && metadata.title) {\n return metadata.title;\n\n // 2. ", "A title does not exist and should be checked in the defaults\n } else if (this.model.get('defaults')) {\n\n var defaultTitle = _(this.model.get('defaults')).find(function(t) {\n return t.name == 'title';\n });\n\n if (defaultTitle) {\n if (defaultTitle.field && defaultTitle.field.value) {\n return defaultTitle.field.value;\n } else {\n\n // 3. ", "If a title entry is in the defaults but with no\n // default value, use an untitled placeholder message.", "\n // return t('main.file.noTitle');\n return t('main.file.noTitle');\n }\n } else {\n return false;\n }\n } else {\n\n // This is not a Markdown post, bounce\n // TODO: Should this handle _posts/name.html?", "\n return false;\n }\n }\n },\n\n initSidebar: function() {\n // Settings sidebar panel\n this.settings = this.sidebar.initSubview('settings', {\n sidebar: this.sidebar,\n config: this.collection.config,\n file: this.model,\n fileInput: this.titleAsHeading()\n }).render();\n this.subviews['settings'] = this.settings;\n\n this.listenTo(this.sidebar, 'makeDirty', this.makeDirty);\n\n // Commit message sidebar panel\n this.save = this.sidebar.initSubview('save', {\n sidebar: this.sidebar,\n file: this.model\n }).render();\n this.subviews['save'] = this.save;\n },\n\n initHeader: function() {\n var title = this.titleAsHeading();\n var input = title ?", "\n title :\n this.model.get('path');\n\n this.header = new HeaderView({\n input: input,\n title: title ? ", "true : false,\n file: this.model,\n repo: this.repo,\n alterable: true,\n placeholder: this.model.isNew() && !", "this.model.translate && !", "this.model.isClone()\n });\n\n this.subviews['header'] = this.header;\n this.header.setElement(this.$el.find('#heading')).render();\n this.listenTo(this.header, 'makeDirty', this.makeDirty);\n },\n\n renderMetadata: function() {\n this.metadataEditor = new MetadataView({\n model: this.model,\n titleAsHeading: this.titleAsHeading(),\n view: this\n });\n\n this.metadataEditor.setElement(this.$el.find('#meta')).render();\n this.subviews['metadata'] = this.metadataEditor;\n },\n\n render: function() {\n this.app.loader.start();\n\n if (this.mode === 'preview') {\n this.preview();\n } else {\n var content = this.model.get('content');\n\n var file = {\n markdown: this.model.get('markdown'),\n lang: this.model.get('lang'),\n useCSVEditor: (['csv', 'tsv'].indexOf(this.model.get('lang')) !", "== -1 && !", "cookie.get('disableCSVEditor'))\n };\n\n this.$el.empty().append(_.template(this.template, file, {\n variable: 'file'\n }));\n\n // Store the configuration object from the collection\n this.config = this.model.get('collection').config;\n\n // initialize the subviews\n if (file.useCSVEditor) {\n this.initCSVEditor();\n } else {\n this.initEditor();\n }\n this.initHeader();\n this.initToolbar();\n this.initSidebar();\n\n var mode = ['file'];\n var markdown = this.model.get('markdown');\n var jekyll = /^(_posts|_drafts)/.test(this.model.get('path'));\n\n // Update the navigation view with menu options\n // if a file contains metadata, has default metadata or is Markdown (except CSVs)\n if (!", "file.useCSVEditor && (this.model.get('metadata') || this.model.get('defaults') || (markdown && jekyll))) {\n this.renderMetadata();\n\n mode.push('meta');\n }\n\n if (markdown || this.model.get('extension') === 'html') mode.push('preview');\n if (!", "this.model.isNew()) mode.push('settings');\n\n this.nav.mode(mode.join(' '));\n\n this.updateDocumentTitle();\n\n // Preview needs access to marked, so it's registered here\n Liquid.", "Template.registerFilter({\n 'markdownify': function(input) {\n return marked(input || '');\n }\n });\n\n if (this.model.get('markdown') && this.mode === 'blob') {\n this.blob();\n } else {\n // Editor is first up so trigger an active class for it\n this.$el.find('#edit').toggleClass('active', true);\n this.$el.find('.file .edit').addClass('active');\n\n if (this.model.get('markdown')) {\n util.fixedScroll(this.$el.find('.topbar'), 90);\n }\n }\n\n if (this.mode === 'blob') {\n this.blob();\n }\n }\n\n this.app.loader.done();\n\n return this;\n },\n\n updateDocumentTitle: function() {\n var context = (this.mode === 'blob' ? ", "t('docheader.preview') : t('docheader.editing'));\n\n var path = this.model.get('path');\n var pathTitle = path ? ", "path : '';\n\n util.documentTitle(context + ' ' + pathTitle + '/' + this.model.get('name') + ' at ' + this.branch);\n },\n\n edit: function() {\n var view = this;\n this.sidebar.close();\n\n // If preview was hit on load this.editor\n // was not initialized.", "\n if (!", "this.editor) {\n this.initEditor();\n\n if (this.model.get('markdown')) {\n _.delay(function() {\n util.fixedScroll($('.topbar', view.el), 90);\n }, 1);\n }\n }\n\n $('#prose').toggleClass('open', false);\n\n this.contentMode('edit');\n this.mode = this.model.isNew() ? '", "new' : 'edit';\n this.nav.setFileState(this.mode);\n this.updateURL();\n },\n\n blob: function(e) {\n this.sidebar.close();\n\n var metadata = this.model.get('metadata');\n var jekyll = this.config && this.config.siteurl && metadata && metadata.layout;\n\n if (jekyll && e) {\n // TODO: this could all be removed if preview button listened to\n // change:path event on model\n this.nav.setFileState('edit'); // Return to edit because we are creating a new window\n this.stashFile();\n\n var hash = this.absoluteFilepath().split('/');\n hash.splice(2, 0, 'preview');\n $(e.currentTarget).attr({\n target: '_blank',\n href: '#' + hash.join('/')\n });\n } else {\n if (e) e.preventDefault();\n\n this.$el.find('#preview').html(marked(this.compilePreview(this.model.get('content'))));\n\n this.mode = 'blob';\n this.contentMode('preview');\n this.nav.setFileState('blob');\n this.updateURL();\n }\n },\n\n preview: function() {\n var q = queue(1);\n // Retrieve the stash from the model path because thats what would\n // have been stored when the preview button is clicked\n var stash = this.getStashForPath(this.absolutePathFromFile(this.model));\n var metadata = {};\n var content = '';\n if (stash && stash.content) {\n metadata = stash.metadata;\n content = stash.content;\n } else {\n metadata = this.model.get('metadata') || {};\n content = this.model.get('content') || '';\n }\n\n // Run the liquid parsing.", "\n var parsedTemplate = Liquid.parse(this.compilePreview(content)).render({\n site: this.collection.config,\n post: metadata,\n page: metadata\n });\n\n // If it's markdown, run it through marked; otherwise, leave it alone.", "\n if(this.model.get('markdown')) parsedTemplate = marked(parsedTemplate);\n\n var p = {\n site: this.collection.config,\n post: metadata,\n page: metadata,\n content: parsedTemplate || ''\n };\n\n // Grab a date from the filename\n // and add this post to be evaluated as {{post.date}}\n var parts = util.extractFilename(this.path)[1].split('-');\n var year = parts[0];\n var month = parts[1];\n var day = parts[2];\n\n // TODO: remove EST specific time adjustment\n var date = [year, month, day].join('-') + ' 05:00:00';\n\n try {\n p.post.date = jsyaml.safeLoad(date).toDateString();\n } catch(err) {\n console.log(\"Error parsing date\");\n console.log(err);\n }\n\n // Parse JSONP links\n if (p.site && p.site.site) {\n _(p.site.site).each(function(file, key) {\n q.defer(function(cb){\n var next = false;\n $.ajax({\n cache: true,\n dataType: 'jsonp',\n jsonp: false,\n jsonpCallback: 'callback',\n url: file,\n timeout: 5000,\n success: function(d) {\n p.site[key] = d;\n next = true;\n cb();\n },\n error: function(msg, b, c) {\n if (!", "next) cb();\n }\n });\n });\n });\n }\n\n function getLayout(cb) {\n var file = p.page.layout;\n var layout = this.collection.findWhere({ path: '_layouts/' + file + '.html' });\n\n layout.fetch({\n success: (function(model, res, options) {\n model.getContent({\n success: (function(model, res, options) {\n var meta = model.get('metadata');\n var content = model.get('content');\n var template = Liquid.parse(content);\n\n p.page = _.extend(metadata, meta);\n\n p.content = template.render({\n site: p.site,\n post: p.post,\n page: p.page,\n content: p.content\n });\n\n // Handle nested layouts\n if (meta && meta.layout) q.defer(getLayout.bind(this));\n\n cb();\n }).bind(this),\n error: (function(model, xhr, options) {\n this.router.error(xhr);\n }).bind(this)\n });\n }).bind(this),\n error: (function(model, xhr, options) {\n this.router.error(xhr);\n }).bind(this)\n });\n }\n\n if (p.page.layout) {\n q.defer(getLayout.bind(this));\n }\n\n q.await((function() {\n var config = this.collection.config;\n var content = p.content;\n\n // Set base URL to public site\n if (config && config.siteurl) {\n content = content.replace(/(<head(?:.*)>)/, (function() {\n return arguments[1] + '<base href=\"' + config.siteurl + '\">';\n }).bind(this));\n }\n\n document.write(content);\n document.close();\n }).bind(this));\n },\n\n contentMode: function(mode) {\n this.$el.find('.views .view').removeClass('active');\n if (mode) {\n this.$el.find('#' + mode).addClass('active');\n } else {\n if (this.mode === 'blob') {\n this.$el.find('#preview').addClass('active');\n } else {\n this.$el.find('#edit').addClass('active');\n }\n }\n },\n\n meta: function() {\n this.sidebar.close();\n this.contentMode('meta');\n\n // Refresh any textarea's in the frontmatter form that use codemirror\n this.metadataEditor.refresh();\n },\n\n destroy: function() {\n if (confirm(t('actions.delete.warn'))) {\n this.model.destroy({\n success: (function() {\n this.router.navigate([\n this.repo.get('owner').login,\n this.repo.get('name'),\n 'tree',\n this.branch\n ].join('/'), true);\n }).bind(this),\n error: (function(model, xhr, options) {\n this.router.error(xhr);\n }).bind(this)\n });\n }\n },\n\n updateURL: function() {\n var url = _.compact([\n this.repo.get('owner').login,\n this.repo.get('name'),\n this.mode,\n this.branch,\n this.path\n ]);\n\n this.router.navigate(url.join('/'), {\n trigger: false,\n replace: true\n });\n\n this.updateDocumentTitle();\n\n // TODO: what is this updating?", "\n this.$el.find('.chzn-select').trigger('liszt:updated');\n },\n\n makeDirty: function(e) {\n this.dirty = true;\n\n // Update Content.", "\n if (this.editor && this.editor.getValue) {\n this.model.set('content', this.editor.getValue());\n }\n\n var label = this.model.get('writable') ?", "\n t('actions.change.save') :\n t('actions.change.submit');\n\n this.updateSaveState(label, 'save');\n },\n\n settings: function() {\n this.contentMode();\n this.sidebar.mode('settings');\n this.sidebar.open();\n },\n\n showDiff: function() {\n this.contentMode('diff');\n this.sidebar.mode('save');\n this.sidebar.open();\n\n var $diff = this.$el.find('#diff');\n\n // Use _.escape() to prevent rendering HTML tags\n var text1 = this.model.isNew() ? '' : _", ".escape(this.model.get('previous'));\n var text2 = _.escape(this.model.serialize());\n\n var d = diff.diffLines(text1, text2);\n var length = d.length;\n var compare = '';\n\n for (var i = 0; i < length; i++) {\n if (d[i].removed) {\n compare += '<del>' + d[i].value + '</del>';\n } else if (d[i].added) {\n compare += '<ins>' + d[i].value + '</ins>';\n } else {\n compare += d[i].value;\n }\n }\n\n $diff.find('.diff-content').html('<pre>' + compare + '</pre>');\n },\n\n cancel: function() {\n // Close the sidebar and return the\n // active nav item to the current file mode.", "\n this.sidebar.close();\n this.nav.active(this.mode);\n\n // Return back to old mode.", "\n this.contentMode();\n },\n\n refreshCodeMirror: function() {\n if (typeof this.editor.refresh === 'function') this.editor.refresh();\n },\n\n updateMetaData: function() {\n if (!", "this.model.jekyll) return true; // metadata -> skip\n this.model.metadata = this.metadataEditor.getValue();\n return true;\n },\n\n patch: function() {\n // Submit a patch (fork + pull request workflow)\n this.updateSaveState(t('actions.save.patch'), 'saving');\n\n // view.updateMetaData();\n\n this.model.patch({\n success: (function(res) {\n /*\n // TODO: revert to previous state?", "\n var previous = view.model.get('previous');\n this.model.content = previous;\n this.editor.setValue(previous);\n this.dirty = false;\n this.model.persisted = true;\n this.model.file = filename;\n this.model.set('previous', filecontent);\n */\n\n // TODO: why is this breaking?", "\n // this.toolbar.updatePublishState();\n\n this.updateURL();\n this.sidebar.close();\n this.updateSaveState(t('actions.save.submission'), 'saved');\n }).bind(this),\n error: (function(model, xhr, options) {\n var message = util.xhrErrorMessage(xhr);\n this.updateSaveState(message, 'error');\n }).bind(this)\n });\n },\n\n filepath: function() {\n if (this.titleAsHeading()) {\n return this.sidebar.filepathGet();\n } else {\n return this.header.inputGet();\n }\n },\n\n absoluteFilepath: function() {\n return this.absolutePathFromComponents(\n this.repo.get('owner').login,\n this.repo.get('name'),\n this.branch,\n this.filepath()\n );\n },\n\n absolutePathFromFile: function(file) {\n return this.absolutePathFromComponents(\n file.collection.repo.get('owner').login,\n file.collection.repo.get('name'),\n file.collection.branch.get('name'),\n file.get('path')\n );\n },\n\n absolutePathFromComponents: function(user, repo, branch, path) {\n var url = _.compact([ user, repo, branch, path ]);\n return url.join('/');\n },\n\n draft: function() {\n var defaults = this.collection.defaults || {};\n var path = this.model.get('path').replace(/^(_posts)/, '_drafts');\n var url;\n\n // Create File model clone with metadata and content\n // Reassign this.model to clone and re-render\n this.model = this.collection.get(path) || this.model.clone({\n path: path\n });\n\n // Set default metadata for new path\n if (this.model && defaults) {\n this.model.set('defaults', defaults[this.nearestPath(path, defaults)]);\n }\n\n // Update view properties\n this.path = path;\n\n url = _.compact([\n this.repo.get('owner').login,\n this.repo.get('name'),\n this.mode,\n this.branch,\n this.path\n ]);\n\n this.router.navigate(url.join('/'), {\n trigger: false\n });\n\n this.sidebar.close();\n this.nav.active('edit');\n\n this.model.fetch({ complete: this.render });\n },\n\n post: function(e) {\n var defaults = this.collection.defaults || {};\n var metadata = this.model.get('metadata') || {};\n var content = this.model.get('content') || '';\n var path = this.model.get('path').replace(/^(_drafts)/, '_posts');\n var url;\n\n // Create File model clone with metadata and content\n // Reassign this.model to clone and re-render\n this.model = this.collection.get(path) || this.model.clone({\n path: path\n });\n\n // Set default metadata for new path\n if (this.model && defaults) {\n this.model.set('defaults', defaults[this.nearestPath(path, defaults)]);\n }\n\n // Update view properties\n this.path = path;\n\n url = _.compact([\n this.repo.get('owner').login,\n this.repo.get('name'),\n this.mode,\n this.branch,\n this.path\n ]);\n\n this.router.navigate(url.join('/'), {\n trigger: false\n });\n\n this.model.fetch({\n complete: (function(model, res, options) {\n // Set metadata and content from draft on post model\n this.model.set('metadata', metadata);\n this.model.set('content', content);\n\n this.render();\n\n this.nav.active('save');\n this.showDiff();\n }).bind(this)\n });\n },\n\n translate: function(e) {\n var defaults = this.collection.defaults || {};\n var metadata = this.model.get('metadata') || {};\n var lang = $(e.currentTarget).attr('href').substr(1);\n var path = this.model.get('path').split('/');\n var model;\n var url;\n\n // TODO: Drop the 'en' requirement.", "\n if (lang === 'en') {\n // If current page is not english and target page is english\n path.splice(-2, 2, path[path.length - 1]);\n } else if (metadata.lang === 'en') {\n // If current page is english and target page is not english\n path.splice(-1, 1, lang, path[path.length - 1]);\n } else {\n // If current page is not english and target page is not english\n path.splice(-2, 2, lang, path[path.length - 1]);\n }\n\n path = _.compact(path).join('/');\n\n var categories = (metadata.categories || []);\n categories.unshift(lang);\n\n this.model = this.collection.get(path) || this.model.clone({\n metadata: {\n categories: categories,\n lang: lang\n },\n path: path\n });\n\n // Set default metadata for new path\n if (this.model && defaults) {\n this.model.set('defaults', defaults[this.nearestPath(path, defaults)]);\n }\n\n // Update view properties\n this.path = path;\n\n url = _.compact([\n this.repo.get('owner').login,\n this.repo.get('name'),\n this.mode,\n this.branch,\n this.path\n ]);\n\n this.router.navigate(url.join('/'), {\n trigger: false\n });\n\n this.sidebar.close();\n this.model.fetch({ complete: this.render });\n },\n\n stashFile: function(e) {\n if (e) e.preventDefault();\n if (!", "window.sessionStorage || !", "this.dirty) return false;\n\n var store = window.sessionStorage;\n var filepath = this.absoluteFilepath();\n // Don't stash if filepath is undefined\n if (filepath) {\n try {\n store.setItem(filepath, JSON.stringify({\n sha: this.model.get('sha'),\n content: this.editor ? ", "this.editor.getValue() : null,\n metadata: this.metadataEditor ? ", "this.metadataEditor.getValue() : null\n }));\n } catch (err) {\n console.log(err);\n }\n }\n },\n\n stashApply: function() {\n var filepath = this.absolutePathFromFile(this.model);\n var stash = this.getStashForPath(filepath);\n if (!", "stash) return false;\n if (stash.sha === this.model.get('sha')) {\n // Restore from stash if file sha hasn't changed\n if (this.editor && this.editor.setValue) this.editor.setValue(stash.content);\n if (this.metadataEditor) {\n // this.rawEditor.setValue('');\n this.metadataEditor.setValue(stash.metadata);\n }\n } else {\n // Remove expired content\n this.clearStashForPath(filepath);\n }\n },\n\n getStashForPath: function(filepath) {\n if (!", "window.sessionStorage) return false;\n var store = window.sessionStorage;\n var item = store.getItem(filepath);\n return JSON.parse(item);\n },\n\n clearStashForPath: function(filepath) {\n if (!", "window.sessionStorage) return;\n var store = window.sessionStorage;\n store.removeItem(filepath);\n },\n\n updateFile: function() {\n var view = this;\n\n // Trigger the save event\n this.updateSaveState(t('actions.save.saving'), 'saving');\n\n var method = this.model.get('writable') ? ", "this.model.save : this.patch;\n\n //this.updateSaveState(t('actions.save.metaError'), 'error');\n //this.updateSaveState(t('actions.error'), 'error');\n //this.updateSaveState(t('actions.save.saved'), 'saved', true);\n //this.updateSaveState(t('actions.save.fileNameError'), 'error');\n\n // Validation checking\n this.model.on('invalid', (function(model, error) {\n this.updateSaveState(error, 'error');\n\n view.modal = new ModalView({\n message: error\n });\n\n view.$el.find('#modal').html(view.modal.el);\n view.modal.render();\n }).bind(this));\n\n // Update content\n this.model.content = (this.editor) ? ", "this.editor.getValue() : '';\n\n // Delegate\n method.call(this, {\n success: (function(model, res, options) {\n var url;\n var data;\n var params;\n\n this.sidebar.close();\n this.updateSaveState(t('actions.save.saved'), 'saved');\n\n // Enable settings sidebar item\n this.nav.$el.addClass('settings');\n\n // Update current path\n var path = model.get('path');\n this.path = path;\n\n // Unset dirty, remove session storage, return to edit view\n this.dirty = false;\n this.clearStashForPath(this.absoluteFilepath());\n this.edit();\n\n var old = model.get('oldpath');\n var name = util.extractFilename(old)[1];\n var pathChange = path !", "== old;\n\n // Remove old file if renamed\n // TODO: remove this when Repo Contents API supports renaming\n if (model.previous('sha') && pathChange) {\n url = model.url().replace(path, old).split('?')[0];\n\n data = {\n path: old,\n message: t('actions.commits.delete', { filename: name }),\n sha: model.previous('sha'),\n branch: this.collection.branch.get('name')\n };\n\n params = _.map(_.pairs(data), function(param) {\n return param.join('=');\n }).join('&');\n\n $.ajax({\n type: 'DELETE',\n url: url + '?' ", "+ params,\n error: (function(xhr, textStatus, errorThrown) {\n var message = util.xhrErrorMessage(xhr);\n this.updateSaveState(message, 'error');\n }).bind(this),\n\n // Update oldpath so that if the file is renamed more than once, we\n // don't end up with multiple copies of it\n success: function() {\n model.set('oldpath', path);\n }\n\n });\n }\n else if (pathChange) {\n // Update oldpath so that if the file is renamed more than once, we\n // don't end up with multiple copies of it\n model.set('oldpath', path);\n }\n }).bind(this),\n error: (function(model, xhr, options) {\n var message = util.xhrErrorMessage(xhr);\n this.updateSaveState(message, 'error');\n }).bind(this)\n });\n\n return false;\n },\n\n updateSaveState: function(label, classes, kill) {\n // Cancel if this condition is met\n if (classes === 'save' && $(this.el).hasClass('saving')) return;\n\n // Update the Sidebar save button\n if (this.sidebar) this.sidebar.updateState(label);\n\n // Update the avatar in the toolbar\n if (this.nav) this.nav.updateState(label, classes, kill);\n },\n\n updateImageInsert: function(e, file, content) {\n var path = (this.toolbar.mediaDirectoryPath) ?", "\n this.toolbar.mediaDirectoryPath :\n util.extractFilename(this.toolbar.file.attributes.path)[0];\n var src = path + '/' + encodeURIComponent(file.name);\n\n this.$el.find('input[name=\"url\"]').val(src);\n this.$el.find('input[name=\"alt\"]').val('');\n\n this.toolbar.queue = {\n e: e,\n file: file,\n content: content\n };\n },\n\n defaultUploadPath: function(fileName) {\n // Default to media directory if defined in config,\n // current directory if no path specified\n var dir = (this.config && this.config.media) ? ", "this.config.media :\n util.extractFilename(this.model.get('path'))[0];\n\n return _.compact([dir, fileName]).join('/');\n },\n\n upload: function(e, file, content, path) {\n // Loading State\n this.updateSaveState(t('actions.upload.uploading', { file: file.name }), 'saving');\n\n var uploadPath = path || this.defaultUploadPath(file.name);\n this.collection.upload(file, content, uploadPath, {\n success: (function(model, res, options) {\n var name = res.content.name;\n var path = '{{site.baseurl}}/' + res.content.path;\n\n // Take the alt text from the insert image box on the toolbar\n var $alt = $('input[name=\"alt\"]');\n var value = $alt.val();\n var image = (value) ?", "\n '' :\n '';\n\n this.editor.focus();\n this.editor.replaceSelection(image + '\\n', 'end');\n this.updateSaveState('Saved', 'saved', true);\n }).bind(this),\n error: (function(model, xhr, options) {\n var message = util.xhrErrorMessage(xhr);\n this.updateSaveState(message, 'error');\n }).bind(this)\n });\n },\n\n remove: function() {\n // Unbind beforeunload prompt\n window.onbeforeunload = null;\n\n // So we don't endlessly stash when choosing new files\n $(window).off('pagehide', this.stashFile);\n\n // Reset dirty models on navigation\n if (this.dirty) {\n this.stashFile();\n this.model.fetch();\n }\n\n _.invoke(this.subviews, 'remove');\n this.subviews = {};\n\n // Clear any file state classes in #prose\n this.updateSaveState('', '');\n\n Backbone.", "View.prototype.remove.apply(this, arguments);\n }\n});\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Github" }

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[ "Alexandre Farnoux\n\nAlexandre Farnoux is a French historian, a specialist on the Minoan civilisation and Delos.", "\n\nCareer \nAlexandre Farnoux studied at the French School at Athens, he became director of this institute in September 2011.", "\n\nHe is professor of Greek archaeology at Paris-Sorbonne University and also teaches Greek history at the University of Strasbourg. ", "He conducts research in Crete on the Minoan civilisation and is director of the excavation of a residential quarter in the Minoan city of Mallia.", "\n\nAn overview of the archaeological discoveries made in Knossos, Crete, from the beginning of the 20th century, especially by the British archaeologist Arthur Evans, a wealthy Englishman, who found the legendary palace of King Minos. ", "From a plethora of bric-à-brac—frescoes, ceramics, clay tablets covered with unknown writings—Evans recreated an immense civilisation, totally original. ", "A peaceful world which flourished some forty centuries ago, long before Mycenae, radiated throughout the Mediterranean.", "\n\nAlexandre Farnoux retraces step by step the rigorous and inspired work of Arthur Evans—the excavations, interpretations, restorations, which will remain, with regard to History, the magician of Knossos—in this pocket-sized volume entitled (lit. \"", "Knossos: The Archaeology of a Dream\"; UK edition – Knossos: Unearthing a Legend; US edition – Knossos: Searching for the Legendary Palace of King Minos), published by Éditions Gallimard. ", "It was released in 1993 in the series of Gallimard's collection. ", "According to standards of the collection, the book is profusely illustrated with colour plates—Minoan frescoes, maps, drawings, paintings, photographs of artefacts and excavations, etc.—and printed on glossy paper.", "\n\nThe book opens with a \"pre-credit\", which is a series of full-page illustrations showing some drawings and photographs of the palace of Knossos. ", "The first chapter \"\" presents Crete, the Greek island as an unknown land at the end of 19th century when Knossos was approached by Evans. ", "The second chapter \"Impatience\" tells the works of archaeologists. \"", "In the Land of the Griffin\" (chap. ", "Ⅲ) recounts the excavations at Knossos. \"", "The Magician of Knossos\" (chap. ", "Ⅳ) traces the rebirth of the palace of Knossos thanks to the dream of the English archaeologist. ", "The last chapter \"Minoan Art Nouveau\" is about the exoticism and the surprising familiarity of the Cretan discoveries, which together presented a sort of ideal image of a modern-day antiquity: \n\nIn its second part—the \"Documents\" section—the book provides a compilation of excerpts divided into eight parts: 1, In the Labyrinth; 2, The return of the Minotaur; 3, The past informs the present; 4, Archaeology and imagination; 5, The Minoan world today; 6, The Minoans in the headlines; 7, Forgers in the realm of Minos; 8, Cretan writing. ", "The book closes with a list of further reading, chronology, list of illustrations, an index and a full-page photograph of Arthur Evans at Knossos. ", "It has been translated into American and British English, Italian and Korean.", "\n\nSelected publications \nAs author\n Cnossos : L'archéologie d'un rêve, collection « Découvertes Gallimard » (nº 175), série Archéologie. ", "Éditions Gallimard, 1993\n UK edition – Knossos: Unearthing a Legend, 'New Horizons' series. ", "Thames & Hudson, 1996\n US edition – Knossos: Searching for the Legendary Palace of King Minos, \"Abrams Discoveries\" series. ", "Harry N. Abrams, 1996\n Homère : Le prince des poètes, collection « Découvertes Gallimard » (nº 555), série Littératures. ", "Éditions Gallimard, 2010\nAs contributor\n , Delvaux and Antiquity, Exhibitions International, 2010\nAs editor\n With Nicoletta Momigliano, Cretomania: Modern Desires for the Minoan Past, Routledge, 2016\n With Katherine Harloe and Nicoletta Momigliano, Hellenomania, Routledge, 2018\n\nReferences \n\nCategory:French archaeologists\nCategory:Minoan archaeologists\nCategory:French art historians\nCategory:French-language writers\nCategory:Living people\nCategory:Year of birth missing (living people)" ]

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[ "yea, their older work is pretty dope. ", "Im unsure as to why they signed with om records. ", "dont get me wrong om put out some very good music and im a huge fan, but hip hop wise, they dont do much,....they have dope artists, but they dont do a good enough job of promoting their hip hop artists. ", "they had P.U.T.S for a while but could not keep them. ", "anyways much luv to strange fruit good quality music." ]

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[ "The opinions and opinions expressed herein are solely those of the authors / contributors and do not necessarily reflect the opinions of Cointelegraph.com. ", "Every movement of investment and trading involves risks, you should conduct your own research when making a decision.", "\n\nMarket data is provided by the HitBTC Exchange. ", "19459007 19459008 After a sharp decline, aggressive bulls jump and buy at lower levels. ", "This strategy has resulted in huge gains for cryptocurrency traders in 2017. ", "However, unlike previous opportunities, we have not seen a sharp increase this time around. ", "This shows that traders are not convinced of a huge rebound in current prices\n\nIn the coming days, we expect action related to the range in most crypto-currencies.", "\n\nBTC / USD\n\nWe were expecting a decline in levels of $ 10,704.99. ", "But Bitcoin surpassed the drops and dropped to $ 9,300.", "\n\n<img alt=\" BTC \"src =\" https://cointelegraph.com/storage/uploads/view/913ca0c922aca6af12bf7ea8db650771.png \"title =\" BTC \"/>\n\nCurrently, bulls are trying an inversion, which is likely to bring cryptocurrency to the neck of the head and shoulders, to levels of $ 13,202.", "\n\nWe expect another series of sales level, which should bring back the BTC / USD pair to the support zone from $ 10,704.99 to $ 9,300 .If this support zone breaks, a fall below $ 8,000 is likely\n\nOn the other hand, if the bulls succeed in holding the support zone, this will lead to a new uptrend, agile traders may play up, but others should wait for more clarity to develop.", "\n\nETH / USD\n\nWe expected the support zone between the trend line and $ 940 to be On January 17, Ethereum broke under the trend line and dropped to a low of $ 770.", "\n\n<img alt=\" ETH \"src =\" https://cointelegraph.com/storage/uploads/view/f03ab8cc281f34ef61dfb3259f068b9e.png \"title =\" eth \"/>\n\nThe bulls bought the aggressive dip, which resulted in a pullback that brought cryptocurrency to Fibonacci retracement levels by 50 percent from the recent drop of 1424 to $ 770.", "\n\nFor three days, the ETH / USD pair has struggling to cross If the price exceeds the levels of $ 1100, we expect to move to levels of $ 1174.36 and $ 1284.28 As the stop loss is $ 930, which does not offer a good risk / reward ratio reward, we do not suggest any exchange\n\nBCH / USD\n\nWe expected the levels of $ 1733 to be maintained, but stock prices easily crossed the threshold and Bitcoin Cash is fell to $ 1364.96 on January 18.", "\n\n<img alt=\" bch \"src =\" https: // cointelegraph .com / storage / uploads / view / 8493963b465bb61d74a93e625f3542c0.png \"title =\" bch \"/>\n\nThe current increase is expected to face resistance at $ 2072 levels, which was the support of the fork previously. ", "We will get a confirmation of a background during the next downturn. ", "If $ 1364.96 breaks, a drop to $ 1194 is likely\n\nOur bearish outlook will be invalidated if the BCH / USD pair maintains above $ 2072 a day.", "\n\nXRP / USD\n\nWe had predicted a 61.8% drop in Fibonacci retracement levels from the last rally, however, Ripple fell near retracement levels of 78.6% , which coincided with the lower end of the descending channel.", "\n\n<img alt=\" XPR \"src =\" https://cointelegraph.com/storage/uploads/view/20841daa48b1ff96e802b78041048621.png \"title =\" XPR \"/>\n\nThe cryptocurrency broke out of the downward channel, suggesting that the downtrend However, the current rise is facing a 20-day EMA resistance, above which a move to $ 2.20 is likely. ", "For this price, the XRP / USD pair will face the resistance of the trend line that had previously served as a solid support.", "\n\nHowever, if the cryptocurrency fails to exceed the EMA by 20 days, the ears will try to resume the bearish trend Support stands at $ 0.87\n\nWe expect a few days of tied trading.", "\n\nIOTA / USD\n\nIOTA fell broke out of the bearish descending triangle pattern on January 16th, giving it a pattern of 1.10 $.", "\n\n<img alt=\" IOTA \"src =\" https://cointelegraph.com/storage/uploads/view/7794cc668886275a9504bc6077b057ea.png \"title =\" IOTA \"/>\n\nHowever, the Cryptocurrency took over at levels of $ 1.93 on Jan. 17.", "\n\nCurrently, the IOTA / USD pair is retesting break levels of $ 3,032. ", "If the bulls break overhead resistance and the downtrend line, our bearish view will be invalidated.", "\n\nHowever, if bears defend it It is likely that we will see another episode of sale, which will retest the lows.", "\n\nWe do not find a clear model, so we do not recommend any trade.", "\n\nLTC / USD\n\nWe had predicted a likely drop to $ 100 if Litecoin broke below $ 175.19, rising from a low of $ 140 on January 17th. ", "9459008]\n\n<img alt=\" LTC \"src =\" https://cointelegraph.com/storage/uploads/view/33299171cf9c514d738eb3f0b3fdf801.png \"title =\" LTC \"/>\n\nTwo days in a row, The January 16 and January 17, the declines were less than $ 175.19, but failed to contain prices.", "\n\nIf the bulls release $ 205, a move toward $ 225 is probable, where the two moving averages converge.", "This level is likely to act as a resistance.", "\n\nWe can not find any reasonable trades on the LTC / USD pair\n\nXEM / USD\n\nNEM fell near retracement levels of 78.6% on 16 and 17. ", "Subsequently, bulls began a retreat, which is expected to face strong resistance to the downtrend line. .", "\n\n<img alt=\" XEM \"src =\" https://cointelegraph.com/storage/uploads/view/7081349203b8ada870012c3f7491c7c1.png \"title = \"XEM\" />\n\nIf the price moves above the downtrend line, an increase to $ 1.45 can not be ruled out.", "\n\nThe next fall to the recent lows of $ 0.55134 will confirm whether the bottom is in place or if there is still some way to go\n\nUntil then, we will stay away on the pair XEM / USD\n\nADA / BTC\n\nCardano broke below trendline support on Jan. 16 and Jan. 17, however, the bulls defended the support and pushed the prices faster. ", "19459009 ADA / BTC yesterday broke the downtrend line However, on January 18, it was unable to gain momentum, struggling to rally above 0.00006 Once the breaking of the bulls of 0.00006 , a move to 0.00007 and then to the levels of 0.00008 is likely\n\nThe cryptocurrency pair will become negative below 0.00004730.", "\n\nThe the diagrams for Analysis is provided by TradingView" ]

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[ "Howell Opera House\n\nThe Howell Opera House is an opera house located in Howell, Michigan. ", "The site is listed as historic by The Michigan State Historic Preservation Office. ", "It is also listed on The National Historic Register as part of the Howell Downtown Historic District.", "\n\nHistory\nThe Howell Opera House is a Victorian-style building with a seating capacity of 1,000 people. ", " Plans for the theater were drawn and executed by Detroit architect, Almon C. Varney at the cost of $10,000. ", "Construction began in 1880 by Hunter and Holmes Contractors and doors were opened to patrons on December 30, 1881. ", "The building is located at 123 W. Grand River.", "\n\nAs the central part of the town, the edifice served not only for artistic performances but as a venue for several local occasions such as high school commencement. ", "The theater also served, for a short duration, as home to the Livingston County Circuit Court in 1889.", "\n\nThe Howell Opera House was first owned by the Stair Brothers, E.D. and Orin, who assumed ownership in 1884. ", "The theater was later purchased by Arthur Garland in 1893 who utilized a portion of the space to produce custom-tailored suits.", "\n\nIn 1923, the building was closed by the fire marshal. ", "This brought an end to its intended use as quarters for entertainment. ", "For more than 70 years, The Howell Opera House served as storage for a local hardware store.", "\n\nRenovation\nIn 2000, The Livingston Arts Council purchased The Howell Opera House with plans to restore the patronage to function, once again, as a theater. ", " Renovations began in 2001 with a slow start due to lack of funding. ", " In 2007, the first installment of the development plan had been completed.", "\n\nRenovations were made solely to the first floor. ", "These renovations include refinished flooring and walls as well as new stairways. ", "Plans have also been made for restoration of the second floor which houses the stage and balcony.", "\n\nThe renovated first floor of the Opera House is now available to rent for special events such as weddings and parties.", "\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n Howell Opera House official site\nThe Christman Company\nHowell Opera House documentary\n\nCategory:Buildings and structures in Livingston County, Michigan\nCategory:Michigan State Historic Sites\nCategory:Opera houses in Michigan\nCategory:Theatres in Michigan\nCategory:Victorian architecture in Michigan\nCategory:Tourist attractions in Livingston County, Michigan\nCategory:Historic district contributing properties in Michigan\nCategory:Theatres completed in 1881\nCategory:Music venues completed in 1881\nCategory:1881 establishments in Michigan\nCategory:National Register of Historic Places in Livingston County, Michigan\nCategory:Opera houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Michigan" ]

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[ "Q:\n\nWhat is the difference between lit-element & lit-html?", "\n\nI have been learning Polymer and this came in - The future of web (lit-element & lit-html)\nI understood that lit-html is for HTML templating with a couple of efficient techniques.", "\nAt the same time lit-element is a lightweight web component base class which has the lit-html inside it.", "\nQuestion: If lit-element comes with lit-html, I would solely use the lit-element for all my purposes. ", "What exactly does lit-html doing explicitly with its own separate context.", "\nOne should choose lit-element or lit-html while developing a standalone web application?", "\nAny help on guiding through this would be of much help!", "\n\nA:\n\nFirst, lets clarify the following points:\n\nWeb\nComponents\ntechnologies are supported in modern browsers by default. ", "You can build\na Web Component application using the browser's API.", "\nHTML templates has been around since 2013 at least.", "\n\nlit-element library is a \"lightweight\" version of Web Components. ", "You'd use it if you want to build an application in Web Component and if you do so, you'd be using its built-in lit-html via html to create HTML templates\nOn the other hand, Just like you stated, lit-html is a library which has efficient mechanism to create and update HTML templates. ", "You can use it for whenever you'd need an HTML template irrespective of the framework/library you are using for your website, if any.", "\nFor an example, you could build a website with jQuery or vanilla Web\n Components and use lit-html to create the HTML templates.", "\n\n" ]

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[ "Q:\n\nCan I change one value for a Object while comparing it to another array?", "\n\nI have an object which has a name, String [] there is also a another String array which just stores the name of the object (The first parameter) which is in main.", "\nimport java.util.*;", "\nclass Dice{\n public String [] side;\n public String name;\n\n public Dice (String n, String ... a){\n name = n;\n side = a;\n\n }\n\n //Setter and Getter name\n public String getName(){\n return name;\n }\n public void setName(String n){\n name = n;\n }\n}\n\nThe objects parameters are set in the main class.", "\nDice easy = new Dice(\"Green:\",\"Brain\",\"Brain\",\"Brain\",\"Foot Print\",\"Foot Print\",\"Shotgun\");\nThe string array just stores the name Easy:.", "\nI am trying to compare the two arrays by passing them into a method in main.", "\n//Removeing the 3 dice which were picked form the cup of the current player\npublic static Dice [] cup(Dice [] a , String [] b){\n Dice [] currentCup = new Dice[a.length];\n\n for (int i = 0; i < b.length; i++) {\n if (b[i] == a[i].getName()) {\n currentCup[i].setName(\"\");\n }\n }\n\n return currentCup;\n}\n\nIf the name of the object equals the name in the String array the objects name should equal and empty String(\" \").", "\nI am getting a error \nException in thread \"main\" java.lang.", "NullPointerException\nI understand that an ArrayList is much better to use here as I can just .remove(i, elem). ", "But I do not know how to pass an ArrayList into a constructor.", "\nAlso this is just pure practice for myself using arrays.", "\nThe result should be that if the Dice [].getName() equals easy the name of that Dice object should be an empty String \" \".", "\n\nA:\n\nI understand that an ArrayList is much better to use here as I can\n just .remove(i, elem). ", "But I do not know how to pass an ArrayList into\n a constructor.", "\n\npublic Dice (String n, List<String> sideList){\n name = n;\n side = sideList.toArray(new String[sideList.size()]);\n\n}\n\nAlso you are not doing anything with the below array.", "\nDice [] currentCup = new Dice[a.length];\n\nI would highly encourage you to dry run the code by yourself. ", "It seems that your code is not doing what you really what to do. :)", "\n\n" ]

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[ "[The treatment of the patients suffering from acute bacterial external otitis with the use of intravenous blood illumination by low-intensity laser radiation at a wavelength of 445 nm].", "\nThe prevalence of allergic reactions to the pharmaceutical products and the development of antibiotic resistance limit the provision of the high-quality medical care to the patients presenting with acute bacterial external otitis media (ABEO). ", "The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the treatment of the patients suffering from ABEO with the application of the new technique based on intravenous blood illumination by low-intensity laser radiation at a wavelength of 445 nm (ILBI-445). ", "This open comparative clinical study was carried out from April 2017 till June 2017 and included the patients with ABEO who were divided into two groups. ", "The patients of the main group underwent the standard treatment in the combination with low-intensity laser radiation at a wavelength of 445 nm. ", "Those comprising the control group were given the conventional treatment alone. ", "The end point of the study was the complete disappearance of local inflammatory signs in the region of the external auditory canal (EAC) and auricle, the restoration of the volume of the EAC, the absence of complaints estimated based on the visual analogue scale (VAS), and the complete disappearance of symptoms of intoxication. ", "The local signs of inflammation in the region of the EAC and auricle were assessed from the otoscopic picture. ", "The measurement of the volume of the external auditory canal were carried out by filling it with a furacilin solution at a temperature of 360C using a 2 ml syringe. ", "The character of the inflammatory changes in the external auditory canal, the intensity of pain and itching, as well as the degree of hearing loss were estimated at 10 points based on the 10-point visual analogue scale (with 0 points standing for the absence of complaints and 10 points denoting the maximum severity of the complaints). ", "The symptoms of intoxication were determined from the measurements of body temperature. ", "The combined treatment of the patients with ABEO using ILBI-445 resulted in their earlier recovery in comparison with that achieved by means of the standard therapy. ", "The differences were especially pronounced on the 5th day of treatment. ", "Complaints of pain and the loss of hearing were documented only in the patients of the control group. ", "Itching was a significantly less serious trouble in the patients of the main group than it was in those comprising the control group. ", "The volume of the external auditory canal in the patients of the main group on the 5th day after the onset of the treatment was more than 16.7% greater than in the control one. ", "The high therapeutic effectiveness and simplicity of the approach employed in the present study taken together with a minimum of contraindications for its application give reason to recommend intravenous blood illumination by low-intensity laser radiation at a wavelength of 445 nm for the treatment of the patients suffering from acute bacterial external otitis." ]

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[ "#WCW\n\nMTV’S BREAKOUT STAR BRITTNEY ELENA HEATS UP STEAMY BOY SHORTS SHOOT\n\nBrittney Elena is no stranger to the lights and action. ", "She made her mark in the limelight when she appeared as one of the beautiful faces on Nick Cannon’s show Wild n’ Out on season 7. ", "Brittney has definitely made her presence clear with her flawless photos on Instagram. ", "Off of Wild n’ Out you can find Brittney modelling or showing off her skills on the basketball court which explains how she keeps her body on point. ", "You can find Brittney in some music videos of well-known artist such as Future and Rico Love. ", "It looks like this California beauty is shaking up the game and she is here to stay.", "\n\nWith a growing following on Instagram and snapchat, Brittney Elena is quickly becoming quite a socialite to follow on the web.", "\n\nHere are some of her sexiest photos taken from IG Account for our Pattycakez readers to check out." ]

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[ "Q:\n\nHow best to reduce tannins in black coffee?", "\n\nI've traditionally had coffee with milk, no sugar. ", "However I've recently switched to a diet that involves either reducing milk intake or switching to a milk substitute.", "\nI've been trying to make the switch to black coffee, but I'm finding the tannins (metallic/coppery taste down the sides of my tongue) a little too much to bear. ", "I use a coffee pod machine mostly, but I've also found this problem with espresso black coffee.", "\nI do notice the 'tannic' taste more when the coffee has cooled, but I'm wondering if there are certain types of coffee bean, roast styles, or even serving styles that I could adopt to reduce it without introducing milk back in?", "\nEdit: A few notes.", "\n\nI've had the same problem with almond milk.", "\nIntroducing sugar is a no-go.", "\n\nA:\n\nTannic acid grows exponentially for a while during roasting, then starts to decrease.", "\nSo, I can advise either you can add some (aged) green beans or dark roast beans to your coffee to find the best balance for yourself before grinding. ", "This may decrease the overall acidity and tannin level of your cup.", "\n\nA:\n\nSalt can reduce the perception of bitterness.", "\nSugar-alternatives can help too (stevia, et al.).", "\nBut assuming you don't want to add anything to your straight black coffee, I would change what you have control over. ", "Brewing method and coffee.", "\nCold brewing reduces acids extracted from the coffee, which reduces bitterness. ", "AeroPress brewing extracts less than most other hot methods like a french press.", "\nFor coffee, try out light roast or medium roast coffees, as these will have less tannins. ", "You should also try out dry-processed vs wet-processed coffees, as those methods introduce different flavors to the coffee. ", "Most dry-processed coffee will have a more stone fruity flavor due the the sweet cascara fruit flesh drying onto the beans.", "\n\n" ]

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[ "The next generation Mi Band 4 from Xiaomi is already set to be unveiled on Jun 11th in China. ", "The rumours have already been circulating on the internet about their specifications and features like color screen, Bluetooth 5.0 and more.", "\n\nIn the meanwhile, before the event, the Mi Band 4 is already available for pre-order on AliExpress Shopping Website. ", "The specifications mentioned on the pre-order page looks similar to the specification which we have discussed already.", "\n\nTwitter user @stufflistings has tried to pre-order the device and he successfully ordered and the payment was successful.", "\n\nThe Mi Band 4 is priced at $49.99 and it was a non-NFC version.", "\n\nOnly 3 days away for the official event, hence let’s wait for the official announcement from Xiaomi for the detailed specifications, features, pricing and availability details." ]

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[ "\"Hey, Deb.\" \"", "You wrapping Christmas presents?\" \"", "A tie, huh?\" \"", "Ooh, jazzy.\" \" ", "Yeah, it's for Ray.\" \" ", "Hey, everybody.\" \"", "Hey, my brotha!\" \"", "Good to see you, my brotha!\" \"", "All right, come on.\" \"", "Don't ever do that unless I'm on fire.\" \"", "Even then, ask first.\" \"", "So, are we going away on a golf weekend, or what?\" \"", "Yes, we are.\" \"", "I spoke to my connection in Myrtle Beach, he pulled a couple strings, we're in!\" \"", "This is gonna be beautiful.\" \"", "I'm gonna buy a new pair of plaid pants.\" \"", "I just gotta check a couple things out first.\" \"", "What do you mean?\" \"", "You said we're in.\" \"", "You haven't asked Debra yet, have you?\" \"", "Not yet, but I'm just...\" \"I'm laying the foundation, okay?\" \"", "It's a whole process, man.\" \"", "You gotta make this happen for me, come on.\" \"", "I need something to look forward to in my soup-for-one life.\" \"", "I know, it just requires a little finagling, that's all.\" \"", "Oh God, what are you gonna do?\" \"", "Don't worry your large, rectangular head.\" \"", "Okay, I gotta go pick up the kids.\" \"", "Hey, Deb.\" \"", "Hi.\" \"", "You look nice.\" \"", "Totally gross, I haven't had a chance to shower yet.\" \"", "Aw, you'd never know it.\" \"", "Okay, wait.\" \"", "Wait wait.\" \"", "What do you want for Christmas?\" \" ", "Honey, I gotta go.\" \" ", "I just want to know.\" \"", "What do I get\" \" the world's most beautiful woman?\" \" ", "Oh God.\" \"", "Well, I don't know what she wants, but I could use a crock pot.\" \" ", "A crock pot?\" \" ", "Yeah.\" \" ", "Cause of the melted crayons?\" \" ", "Yeah.\" \" ", "That was Ally's idea.\" \" ", "Yeah?\" \"", "She said it was Daddy's.\" \"", "Well then, she's a little liar, isn't she?\" \"", "Maybe I'll see Myrtle Beach from heaven.\" \"", "Relax, man.\" \"", "I'm working on it.\" \"", "I just got some important information.\" \"", "What?\" \"", "You suck at finagling?\" \"", "No.\" \"", "Crock pot.\" \"", "Rlght, she's gonna let you go on a golf weekend because you're getting her a crock pot.\" \"", "No, you idiot, I'm not gonna get her a crock pot.\" \"", "A crock pot just sets the level.\" \"", "I have to work above that.\" \"", "I gotta get her something that's gonna turn her all goopy.\" \"", "And it has to be better than what she's getting me.\" \"", "Oh, I know what she's getting you.\" \"", "What?\" \"", "What?\" \"", "Come on, what?\" \"", "It's a Christmas present.\" \"", "I can't ruin it.\" \"", "Hey, you want to go to Myrtle Beach or not?\" \"", "I'm finagling here.\" \"", "You're impeding the finagle.\" \"", "It's a tie!\" \"", "She's getting you a tie!\" \"", "A tie, oh, that's great.\" \"", "Yeah, an ugly tie.\" \"", "Beautiful!\" \"", "That stinks.\" \"", "Oh, I'll get her something really great.\" \"", "That'll make her feel like crap.\" \" ", "Like what?\" \" ", "Anything!\" \"", "What?\" \"", "It's an ugly tie.\" \"", "I got stuff under the seat of my car that could beat that.\" \"", "Oh, good work, Robert.\" \"", "You know, I...\" \"I feel a little dirty.\" \"", "I like it.\" \"", "Guys, take it easy!\" \"", "I'm gonna get you!\" \"", "I'm gonna get you!\" \"", "Come on, guys!\" \"", "Take it easy.\" \"", "Hey!\" \"", "Lay down!\" \"", "See if those new pajamas work.\" \"", "Oh, look, how lovely.\" \"", "A sweater.\" \" ", "Yeah.\" \" ", "Where did you find it?\" \"", "Macy's.\" \"", "You can return it if you want.\" \"", "No no, it's perfect.\" \"", "Such a pretty color.\" \"", "Macy's in Massapequa or the city?\" \"", "This one says \"For Debra from Ra.\"\" \"", "R-r-r-a...\" \"Looks like \"Rap.\"\" \"", "You think it might be Ray, Dad?\" \"", "No.\" \"", "Frank, put your glasses on.\" \"", "You're blind.\" \"", "And what would be the upside of seeing you more clearly?\" \"", "Oh-ho, look at that, it's the crock pot.\" \"", "How did you know?\" \"", "A cute little birdie told me.\" \" ", "But I thought you were...\" \" Ba!\" \"", "Ba!\" \"", "And...\" \"Here we go.\" \"", "That one is for me?\" \"", "Just a little something else for someone who's...\" \" something else.\" \" ", "Oh, Ray!\" \"", "What'd you do?\" \"", "Oh my gosh!\" \"", "It's all new cookware!\" \"", "Oh, sorry.\" \"", "Oh, look at this, it's beautiful!\" \"", "I love this, but the crock pot would have been enough.\" \"", "No, no it wouldn't have.\" \"", "Oh!\" \"", "Thank you!\" \"", "I love it.\" \"", "Here's one, \"From Debra to Enormo.\"\" \"", "It doesn't say that, Dad.\" \"", "You knew who I was talking about, didn't you?\" \"", "This must be the Ferrari I asked Santa for.\" \"", "Oh, this is a mistake, Dad.\" \"", "This one's for Raymond.\" \"", "No no, that's for you.\" \"", "That's for you, Robert.\" \"", "When you caught me with it the other day,\" \"I had to tell you it was for Ray so it would be a surprise.\" \"", "What?\" \" ", "Yeah.\" \" ", "What?\" \"", "No, this is what I got for Ray.\" \"", "You mean I'm not getting that great tie?\" \"", "Nope, this is for you.\" \"", "Oh, that's big.\" \"", "That's a big present.\" \"", "Wow.\" \"", "That's not a tie unless it's... one of those novelty giant ties.\" \"", "Here you go.\" \"", "Merry Christmas.\" \" ", "Whoa, hey, that's heavy.\" \" ", "Yeah.\" \"", "That's heavier than a tie.\" \"", "Heavier than a crock pot, too.\" \"", "Come on, open it!\" \"", "Come on!\" \"", "Oh my God.\" \"", "A DVD player.\" \"", "What is that?\" \"", "Like a hi-fi?\" \"", "What'd you do?\" \" ", "She got you a DVD player.\" \" ", "Yes!\" \"", "Isn't that cool?\" \"", "This is the best one they make!\" \" ", "What'd you do that for?\" \" ", "Yeah, what the hell?\" \"", "Oh!\" \"", "Got you some movies too.\" \"", "Oh, no.\" \" ", "What?\" \"", "Don't you like it?\" \" ", "No, I love it, it's just... it's more than I expected, you know?\" \"", "I would've been happy with the tie.\" \"", "I knew you would like this.\" \"", "And I love my pots!\" \"", "I'm gonna try 'em out right now.\" \"", "Well, I better go help her.\" \"", "They're not magic pots.\" \"", "Nice going, Raymond!\" \"", "No golf!\" \"", "I know, instead of playing at Myrtle Beach this spring,\" \"I'll just hang myself with the world's tackiest noose.\" \"", "Hey, look, don't blame me, all right?\" \"", "You're the one who told me she was giving me the tie.\" \" ", "You gave me faulty information.\" \" ", "No, she fooled us.\" \"", "She's too good.\" \"", "I'm not cut out for this!\" \"", "What did you do?\" \"", "Try to soften her up with a big present so you could go play golf?\" \"", "For your information, Dad, it's a little more complicated than that.\" \"", "You're an idiot.\" \"", "Give me that chocolate.\" \"", "Sit down.\" \"", "Let me tell you something about women.\" \"", "You think you've got to butter them up to get what you want.\" \"", "That is a poor man's game.\" \"", "Oh, sweetums, here's some flowers.\" \"", "Can I go to the lodge?\" \"", "Not for me.\" \"", "Not for me!\" \"", "I don't do that nice crap.\" \"", "So how do you get what you want?\" \"", "I've learned to do without.\" \"", "Look, this would've worked if I'd gotten that stupid tie!\" \" ", "You want the tie?\" \"", "I'll take the DVD.\" \" ", "Put that down!\" \"", "You're not taking the DVD.\" \"", "Hey!\" \"", "You don't get it, do you?\" \" ", "It's staring you right in the face!\" \" ", "What?\" \"", "You're so worried about your offense, you didn't play defense.\" \"", "The question isn't \"Why didn't she give me that tie?\"\" \"", "The question is \"Why did she give me that DVD thing?\"\" \"", "What are you talking about?\" \"", "I'm her husband, she's my wife.\" \"", "Don't I deserve a great...\" \"Amateurs.\" \"", "Wait a minute.\" \"", "You're saying Debra got Ray a DVD player because she wants something from him?\" \"", "Of course.\" \"", "Where you been?\" \"", "Wait, that's so weasily.\" \"", "That's not her, that's...\" \" You.\" \" ", "Yes.\" \"", "Okay!\" \"", "Who wants a little hot chocolate?\" \"", "Heated up the milk in my new two-quart saucepan.\" \"", "Here you go.\" \"", "Here you go.\" \"", "Thanks again for these pots, Ray, I really love them.\" \"", "Oh, I got me a black magic woman.\" \"", "Thanks for the golf, Raymond.\" \"", "Will you shut up about the stupid golf?\" \" ", "There's bigger things here.\" \" ", "Yeah, like what?\" \"", "Like what is she up to?\" \"", "What is she sucking up to me for?\" \"", "Maybe she wants to sleep with the bag boy from the AP.\" \"", "Yeah.\" \"", "I'm serious, Dad.\" \"", "Have you seen the bag boy?\" \"", "Will you stop?\" \"", "Hey, don't shoot the messenger.\" \"", "Come on, I gotta think, what does she want?\" \"", "What do women want?\" \"", "I think it's a bag boy.\" \"", "I'll right.\" \"", "I'm gonna find out what's up.\" \"", "I think his name is Larry!\" \" ", "Hey, Deb?\" \" ", "I'm making brownies for later.\" \" ", "Would you like to lick the beater?\" \" ", "No.\" \"", "No, Ma.\" \"", "Why... okay.\" \"", "Yeah, okay.\" \"", "Listen, Deb, I want to ask you something.\" \"", "Yeah, whatever you want, honey.\" \"", "Mmm, chocolate.\" \" ", "What's with you today?\" \" ", "Nothing.\" \"", "It's Christmas.\" \"", "The kids are having fun, I'm having a nice time with your mom, I'm happy.\" \"", "So what did you want, Ray?\" \" ", "What did I want?\" \" ", "Mm-hmm.\" \"", "What did I want?\" \"", "I know what he wants!\" \"", "Walnuts in the brownies.\" \"", "Not now, Mom.\" \"", "L... okay, yeah.\" \"", "All right, here's what I want.\" \"", "The guys are thinking of going to Myrtle Beach for a weekend for golf.\" \"", "And I was thinking I wanna go with them.\" \"", "Yeah.\" \"", "How's that grab you?\" \"", "For a whole weekend?\" \"", "Yeah... a whole... matter of fact I think it's a three-day weekend.\" \"", "So, yeah, I feel like going.\" \"", "I think I'm gonna go.\" \"", "All right?\" \"", "Well, that's three days with just me and the kids.\" \"", "Yep.\" \"", "You should go.\" \"", "All right!\" \"", "What's going on?\" \"!\" \"", "What is going on with you?\" \"", "Give me that!\" \"", "What is wrong with you?\" \"", "I want to know, what's going on with the kissing and the marshmallows and the letting me play golf and the big, expensive DVD player.\" \"", "Is that what this is?\" \"", "You're worried about how much it cost?\" \"", "Yes.\" \"", "What is the cost to me?\" \" ", "What is a DVD player?\" \" ", "Not now, Ma, please.\" \"", "Is it for pornography?\" \"", "Yes, Marie, I got Ray a porn machine.\" \"", "I don't like that, Debra.\" \"", "Look, don't change the subject here.\" \"", "I don't like being played.\" \"", "You think I got you that DVD thing because I want something?\" \"", "No, because you love me!\" \"", "Come on!\" \"", "What is it?\" \"", "What do you want?\" \"", "We're waiting.\" \"", "I don't want anything.\" \"", "I was trying to get you something I thought might make you happy because, as a matter of fact,\" \"I do love you.\" \"", "And it's Christmas and I wanted to get you a DVD player.\" \"", "Oh, well... thanks, then.\" \"", "I'm gonna go set it up.\" \"", "Just a minute.\" \"", "Did you get me those pots so I would let you play golf?\" \"", "Whoa!\" \"", "Whoa, whoa.\" \"", "Come on!\" \"", "What?\" \"", "Where's this coming from?\" \"", "Unbelievable.\" \"", "Oh, that's terrible, Raymond!\" \" ", "You tried to bribe me!\" \" ", "No, it's not bribing.\" \"", "It's just... it's getting you something nice so you would give me something nice, huh?\" \"", "I got you this engagement ring so you would marry me.\" \"", "Yeah, I fell for that one too.\" \"", "We should keep our voices down.\" \"", "You know, Marie, would you mind?\" \" ", "But I'm baking.\" \" ", "I'm trying to talk to my husband.\" \"", "Fine, Debra.\" \"", "So what, Ray?\" \"", "Is this what you always do?\" \"", "Have you ever gotten me a present without expecting something in return?\" \" ", "Yes, plenty of times.\" \" ", "Yeah, it's just like the kissing.\" \"", "You only kiss me 'cause you think it's gonna lead to sex.\" \"", "Baby, that is not true.\" \"", "You know, the worst part isn't that you're a manipulative jerk, it's that you think I'm like you!\" \"", "No, I don't think you're manipulative.\" \"", "I think you're pretty.\" \"", "Come on!\" \"", "Those could've had walnuts in 'em!\" \"", "Look, if it's gonna be a problem,\" \" I don't have to golf.\" \" ", "Is that all you care about?\" \"", "No, I... that's just it.\" \"", "I don't care!\" \"", "I don't care!\" \"", "All right?\" \"", "I don't care at all.\" \"", "It's just... it's just...\" \"Robert might hang himself.\" \"", "You know what?\" \"", "Oh, I don't care.\" \"", "I said you could play golf, just go play golf.\" \"", "All right.\" \"", "Well, thank you.\" \" ", "Whatever.\" \" ", "Listen... if there's something fun that you want to do, you should do it.\" \" ", "Yep, all right.\" \" ", "No, come on.\" \"", "You deserve to have fun too.\" \"", "Yeah, okay.\" \"", "When the kids go to college, I'll see a movie.\" \"", "You don't have to wait.\" \"", "You want to go to the movies?\" \"", "Go.\" \"", "Go today if you want.\" \"", "Yeah, I'm gonna go on Christmas.\" \"", "Jewish people do.\" \"", "All right then, you go this weekend.\" \"", "Yeah, like that'll happen.\" \"", "I'm saying it'll happen.\" \"", "Go to the movies!\" \"", "Come on.\" \"", "I'll take care of the kids, I'll take care of everything.\" \"", "Come on, it'll make me feel better.\" \"", "I don't want to get a DVD player and golf and niceness and you get... pots.\" \" ", "Come on, go to the movies.\" \" ", "Thanks anyway, honey.\" \"", "Come on, it's like you don't even want to go to the movies.\" \"", "It's okay.\" \"", "Wait a minute.\" \"", "You want... to not go to the movies.\" \" ", "What?\" \" ", "Yeah, that's right.\" \"", "Because then if you go to the movies, you don't get to say \"I never get to go to the movies.\"\" \" ", "When do I say that?\" \" ", "You say that all the time.\" \"\"", "I never get to do anything.\" ", "You love that.\" \"", "You're like one of those...\" \"what do you call them?\" \" ", "A martyr?\" \" ", "Yes!\" \"", "I'm not a martyr.\" \"", "Then how come I don't help out around here?\" \"", "How come you don't help out around here?\" \"!\" \"", "Because you don't want me to!\" \"", "'Cause you want to do it all because then you can feel superior!\" \"", "You...\" \"You stammer because you know I speak true.\" \"", "Do you know how close you are to the end of your life?\" \"", "I'm not scared.\" \"", "I'm not scared because I'm onto something here.\" \"", "Hmm?\" \"", "Like the DVD player.\" \"", "Why?\" \"", "Why?\" \"", "Why, after years of complaining that all I do is lay around and watch television would you buy me a device that is designed to make the television watching experience even better?\" \"", "We must ask ourselves... why?\" \"", "You're right.\" \"", "Why the hell would I buy you a DVD player?\" \" ", "You have problems.\" \" ", "I do!\" \" ", "What is wrong with me?\" \" ", "I do not know.\" \"", "I should make you help me out more around here.\" \"", "Well, it's not like I have nothing to do.\" \"", "No, really, you know?\" \"", "I work too hard.\" \"", "I don't need to be a martyr.\" \"", "I don't think you want to give it up cold turkey.\" \"", "You know what?\" \"", "I've been up since 5:00.\" \"", "I'm gonna go take a nap.\" \"", "Okay, but what about the Christmas dinner?\" \"", "Your mom can make it.\" \"", "She wants to anyway.\" \"", "Listen, would you mind straightening up the living room?\" \"", "And make sure the kids get washed and dressed, okay?\" \"", "Thanks, that'd help me a lot.\" \"", "I'll do all those things, but then I get to golf, right?\" \" ", "No, I don't think so.\" \" ", "Yeah, but...\" \"I mean, how could I not think of myself as a martyr if I'm stuck at home with the kids while you're golfing with your buddies?\" \"", "Yeah, about martyrs, a lot of them became saints.\" \"", "No, you're right.\" \"", "And thank you, 'cause you really helped me.\" \"", "This is a great Christmas.\" \"", "But...\" \"look.\" \"", "That's not really what I was talking about.\" \"", "What are you doing there?\" \"", "Dusting.\" \" ", "Marie, come here.\" \" ", "What?\" \"", "What is it?\" \" ", "Here.\" \" ", "For me?\" \"", "Yeah, Merry Christmas.\" \"", "Frank, you already gave me lottery tickets.\" \"", "Those were a bust.\" \"", "Just open it.\" \"", "Okay.\" \"", "Oh, Frank, earrings.\" \"", "They're beautiful.\" \"", "Oh, thank you.\" \"", "Okay, listen, just one thing.\" \"", "You didn't get those from me.\"" ]

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[ "# This file is included from the main \"configure\" script\n# add_engine [name] [desc] [build-by-default] [subengines] [base games] [deps]\nadd_engine xeen \"World of Xeen\" yes\n" ]

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[ "Fancy Nancy’s little sister, JoJo, stars in her My First I Can Read debut!", "\n\nFrom bestselling author-illustrator team Jane O’Connor and Robin Preiss Glasser comes JoJo, Fancy Nancy’s little sister. ", "JoJo wants to do magic. ", "She has both her magic wand and her magic cape ready to go. ", "But how can she make flowers appear? ", "Doing magic may not be as easy as she thought!", "\n\nBeginning readers will be delighted by JoJo’s can-do attitude in this My First I Can Read adventure—the perfect stepping stone to the Level 1 Fancy Nancy readers.", "\n\nFancy Nancy: JoJo and the Magic Trick (My First I Can Read) Jane O'Connor\n\nFancy Nancy: JoJo and the Magic Trick (My First I Can Read) information wiki author book francaisFancy Nancy: JoJo and the Magic Trick (My First I Can Read) audio bookFancy Nancy: JoJo and the Magic Trick (My First I Can Read) tablet access book sale valueFancy Nancy: JoJo and the Magic Trick (My First I Can Read) book 4SharedFancy Nancy: JoJo and the Magic Trick (My First I Can Read) You search pdf online pdfFancy Nancy: JoJo and the Magic Trick (My First I Can Read) reading francais english torrent onlineFancy Nancy: JoJo and the Magic Trick (My First I Can Read) epub freeFancy Nancy: JoJo and the Magic Trick (My First I Can Read) free docFancy Nancy: JoJo and the Magic Trick (My First I Can Read) You search pdf online pdfFancy Nancy: JoJo and the Magic Trick (My First I Can Read) wiki online full read shopFancy Nancy: JoJo and the Magic Trick (My First I Can Read) free ebookFancy Nancy: JoJo and the Magic Trick (My First I Can Read) book zipshareFancy Nancy: JoJo and the Magic Trick (My First I Can Read) book fullFancy Nancy: JoJo and the Magic Trick (My First I Can Read) pdf download full bookFancy Nancy: JoJo and the Magic Trick (My First I Can Read) view cheap kickass сhapter bookFancy Nancy: JoJo and the Magic Trick (My First I Can Read) free mobileFancy Nancy: JoJo and the Magic Trick (My First I Can Read) book germanFancy Nancy: JoJo and the Magic Trick (My First I Can Read) bookstoreFancy Nancy: JoJo and the Magic Trick (My First I Can Read) book download via TransmissionFancy Nancy: JoJo and the Magic Trick (My First I Can Read) book 4SharedFancy Nancy: JoJo and the Magic Trick (My First I Can Read) book fullFancy Nancy: JoJo and the Magic Trick (My First I Can Read) shop read access flibusta informationFancy Nancy: JoJo and the Magic Trick (My First I Can Read) book frenchFancy Nancy: JoJo and the Magic Trick (My First I Can Read) Google DriveFancy Nancy: JoJo and the Magic Trick (My First I Can Read) free docxFancy Nancy: JoJo and the Magic Trick (My First I Can Read) free mobileFancy Nancy: JoJo and the Magic Trick (My First I Can Read) book google docsFancy Nancy: JoJo and the Magic Trick (My First I Can Read) full version original acquire book lookFancy Nancy: JoJo and the Magic Trick (My First I Can Read) tpb free torrentFancy Nancy: JoJo and the Magic Trick (My First I Can Read) book book free from xiaomiFancy Nancy: JoJo and the Magic Trick (My First I Can Read) free fb2Fancy Nancy: JoJo and the Magic Trick (My First I Can Read) phone wiki free eReader bookFancy Nancy: JoJo and the Magic Trick (My First I Can Read) book ipad freeFancy Nancy: JoJo and the Magic Trick (My First I Can Read) book pc freeFancy Nancy: JoJo and the Magic Trick (My First I Can Read) book tabletFancy Nancy: JoJo and the Magic Trick (My First I Can Read) fb2 online find book сhapterFancy Nancy: JoJo and the Magic Trick (My First I Can Read) book BoxFancy Nancy: JoJo and the Magic Trick (My First I Can Read) store bookFancy Nancy: JoJo and the Magic Trick (My First I Can Read) download book from sony xperiaFancy Nancy: JoJo and the Magic Trick (My First I Can Read) original bookFancy Nancy: JoJo and the Magic Trick (My First I Can Read) book downloadFancy Nancy: JoJo and the Magic Trick (My First I Can Read) book MediaFireFancy Nancy: JoJo and the Magic Trick (My First I Can Read) ios сhapter cheap eng downloadFancy Nancy: JoJo and the Magic Trick (My First I Can Read) audio find store price downloadFancy Nancy: JoJo and the Magic Trick (My First I Can Read) download book from sony xperiaFancy Nancy: JoJo and the Magic Trick (My First I Can Read) download englishFancy Nancy: JoJo and the Magic Trick (My First I Can Read) download via torrent clientFancy Nancy: JoJo and the Magic Trick (My First I Can Read) download torrent ExtraTorrentFancy Nancy: JoJo and the Magic Trick (My First I Can Read) download audio apple online thepiratebayFancy Nancy: JoJo and the Magic Trick (My First I Can Read) book download" ]

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[ "Chemical modulation of agonistic display in Betta splendens.", "\nMirror-induced aggressive display of male Siamese fighting fish was reduced by water-borne traces of (a) a pair of male combatants, (b) a nondisplaying fish of either sex, and (c) bits of torn cadual fin. ", "These findings may indicate a mechanism whereby males tolerate the presence of conspecifics to permit nonagressive social interactions." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }

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[ "Also thanks to the new generation of ” omegle mobile phone Mobile app from your new friends with text chat video ” .Although the browser application case, another feature is the fact that the user is uncomfortable page refresh event. ", "If you want to only written with omegle video and voice conversation, you can too if you want.", "You'll never find any malicious malware, viruses, or any other harmful ads on our website - we keep it clean, easy to use and 100% secure.", "New features are added often to make sure you're able to watch porn videos the best way using the latest technology.", "You should check with your county sheriff and/or your probation or parole officer before changing your behavior. ", "The residence cannot be within 1000 feet of any child care facility, school, public park, private park, recreation facility, playground, skating rink, neighborhood center, gymnasium or similar facilities providing programs or services directed toward persons under age 18.The clear purpose of the law seems to be to reduce the number of registrants to those who likely pose some risk to the community. ", "If the offense conduct occurred after June 30, 2006 and on or before June 30, 2008, the registrant has restrictions on place of residence and place of employment.", "Omegle Video chat section you will need java support to use.", "So without any hassle, and you’ll be able to video conversation is random.", "\n\nBecause I believe that it is important for people effected by this legislation to know about it, I have put together a summary. ", "If the offense conduct occurred between June 4, 2003 and June 30, 2006, there are restrictions on the location of the registrant’s residence but not on the registrant’s place of employment.", "\n\nThe registrant cannot be employed by or volunteer at any child care facility, school or church, or by or at any business entity located within 1000 feet of a child care facility, school or church.", "\n\nWith regard to registrants whose offense conduct occurred after June 30, 2006, there is ongoing litigation about whether the school bus stop provision can be enforced.", "\n\nIt should be noted that the rules regarding church have been modified.", "\n\nRegistrants who are barred from volunteering at a church can still perform a number of roles in a church.", "\n\nOne thought on “Open sex chat easily without registration online”\n\nI wait one day and tell her that I don't have time on Sunday, so we'll meet the following Saturday, late afternoon. ", "The next day, the Friday right before we were supposed to meet, she messages me on OKC with some bullshit story about her friend having broken up with her boyfriend and begging her to spend the weekend with her. ", "No reply from her until yesterday, that is the following Thursday. ", "Also, I still don't know if she received the text I sent on Sunday and if her number is legit." ]

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[ "Order filed September 26, 2013.", "\n\n\n\n\n In The\n\n Fourteenth Court of Appeals\n ____________\n\n NO. ", "14-13-00100-CR\n ____________\n\n ORLANDO DEWAN GODFREY, Appellant\n\n V.\n\n THE STATE OF TEXAS, Appellee\n\n\n On Appeal from the 182nd District Court\n Harris County, Texas\n Trial Court Cause No. ", "1343252\n\n ORDER\n\n This court has determined, pursuant to Texas Rules of Appellate Procedure\n34.5(f) and 34.6(g)(2), that it must inspect the originals of State’s Exhibit 1 and\nState’s Exhibit 1A, DVDs.", "\n\f The clerk of the 182nd District Court is directed to deliver to the Clerk of\nthis court the originals of State’s Exhibit 1 and State’s Exhibit 1A, DVDs, on or\nbefore October 11, 2013. ", "The Clerk of this court is directed to receive, maintain,\nand keep safe these original exhibits; to deliver them to the justices of this court for\ntheir inspection; and, upon completion of inspection, to return the originals of these\nexhibits to the clerk of the 182nd District Court.", "\n\n\n\n PER CURIAM\n\n\n\n\n 2\n\f" ]

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[ "Adama Koné\n\nAdama Koné (born 4 April 1987) is an Ivory Coast professional footballer who plays as a forward for Yangon United F.C. in the Myanmar National League. ", "Before coming to Myanmar, he spent time in clubs in Israel, Egypt, and Thailand.", "\n\nCareer\n\nEarly career\n\nAged 12, Koné began his career in a football academy in Ivory Coast. ", "After graduating, he departed to ply his trade overseas.", "\n\nYangon United\n\nAt the start of 2013, the Ivorian arrived in Myanmar to play because he viewed playing in Thailand as monotonous.", "\n\nKoné made his debut in the AFC Cup with Burmese side Yangon United F.C. on 26 February 2013 against Indonesian Premier League side Persibo Bojonegoro in which he started and scored all three goals for his side in the 56th, 63rd, and 92nd minutes as Yangon United won 3–0. ", "He then scored his fourth goal in two games in the very next match against Hong Kong First Division side Sun Hei SC in which he found the net in the 2nd minute as Yangon United won 3–1. ", "He then continued his form in the AFC Cup on 3 April 2013 against Maldivian side New Radiant SC in which he scored in the 17th minute to lead Yangon United to a 2–0 victory. ", "He then made it 4 for 4 when he scored yet again in Yangon United's 3–1 return loss to New Radiant on 9 April 2013.", "\n\nKoné then scored in his fifth consecutive match in the AFC Cup on 24 April 2013 against Persibo in which he scored a brace in the 28th and 85th minutes of the match as Yangon United defeated Persibo 7–1. ", "The Ivorian credited the success to his teammates, who set him up for scoring opportunities.", "\n\nHonours\n\nClubs\nSamutsakhon fc\nThai division 2 league 2015\nNakhonnayok fc \nThai division 2 league 2014\nYangon United\t\nMyanmar National League (1): 2013\nYadanarbon fc \nMyanmar national league 2012\nPhuket fc \nThai division 1 league 2011\nSisaket fc \nThai premier league 2010\nTtm phichit \nThai premiere ligue 2010\nMuangthong united \nThai premiere league 2009\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links \n \n\nCategory:1987 births\nCategory:Living people\nCategory:Association football forwards\nCategory:Ivorian footballers\nCategory:People from Vallée du Bandama District\ncategory:Yadanarbon F.C. players\ncategory:Yangon United F.C. players\ncategory:Myanmar National League players\ncategory:Expatriate footballers in Myanmar\ncategory:Ivorian expatriate footballers\ncategory:Expatriate footballers in Egypt\ncategory:Expatriate footballers in Thailand\ncategory:Expatriate footballers in Israel" ]

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[ "[The diagnosis of coronary disease and of myocardial ischemia by means of echocardiography].", "\nAn attempt is made to define the respective roles of one- and two-dimensional echocardiography in the evaluation of coronary heart disease and myocardial ischemia. ", "The two methods have their advantages and drawbacks and are complementary. ", "Echocardiography provides information on the motion of the various ventricular segments; when the technical quality of the recording is good, it shows excellent correlation with left ventriculography. ", "Echocardiographic diagnosis of myocardial ischemia usually implies provocative manoeuvres which are difficult to perform. ", "Finally, echocardiography is an excellent method for the evaluation and follow-up of patients with acute myocardial infarction." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }

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[ "Brant Chambers\n\nBrant Chambers (born 4 January 1980) is an Australian rules footballer who played for Subiaco Football Club in the West Australian Football League (WAFL) and for Sturt in the South Australian National Football League (SANFL).", "\n\nPlaying career\nChambers played junior football for Eastern Range in Victoria, later playing for Gembrook Cockatoo Football Club.", "\n\nIn 2000 Chambers played eight matches for Subiaco in the WAFL.", "\n\nHe played several seasons for Nightcliff in the Northern Territory Football League from 2000/01. ", "In January 2001 he represented the Northern Territory in a match against Port Adelaide.", "\n\nChambers was recruited to by Sturt in the SANFL in 2001. ", "In 2002 he played in Sturt's premiership side. ", "Between 2001 and 2010 he played 204 games and scoring 672 goals, seventh on the all-time list of SANFL goalkickers. ", "He won the Ken Farmer Medal for the SANFL's leading goal kicker three times; kicking 106 goals in 2007 (the last time as of 2014 that an SANFL player has kicked over 100 goals in a season), 97 in 2008 and 80 in 2009. ", "He left the club before the 2011 SANFL season, moving to Orange, New South Wales, where he worked as a scaffolder.", "\n\nIn early 2012, Chambers rejoined Subiaco having not played in 2011. ", "He made his return to league football in round five.", "\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n\nCategory:1980 births\nCategory:Living people\nCategory:Sturt Football Club players\nCategory:Australian rules footballers from South Australia\nCategory:Subiaco Football Club players\nCategory:Nightcliff Football Club players\nCategory:Northern Territory Football Club players" ]

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[ "Binding properties of [3H]MS-377, a novel sigma receptor ligand, to rat brain membranes.", "\nMS-377 ((R)-(+)-1-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-[4-(2-methoxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl]++ +methy l-2-pyrrolidinone L-tartrate) is a novel selective sigma receptor ligand, currently being developed for the treatment of schizophrenia. ", "MS-377 showed anti-phencyclidine (PCP), anti-dopaminergic and anti-serotonergic activities, and we anticipated that the anti-psychotic activities of MS-377 were associated with sigma(1) receptors. ", "However, its pharmacological profile is partly distinct from those of selective sigma(1) receptor ligands. ", "Thus, one of the possible speculations is that MS-377 has another site of action. ", "In the present study, we examined the binding properties of radiolabeled MS-377 ([3H]MS-377) to rat brain membranes. [", "3H]MS-377 showed saturable and reversible binding to rat brain membranes. ", "Scatchard plot and Hill plot from saturation studies were linear, with K(d) of 15.2+/-6.6 nM, B(max) of 599.4+/-58.6 fmol/mg protein and Hill coefficient of 1.01+/-0.01, indicating that [3H]MS-377 bound to a single high-affinity site in rat brain membranes. ", "Displacement studies revealed that the other sigma reference compounds with different structures inhibited the specific binding of [3H]MS-377 in a competitive manner. ", "Stereoselectivity was observed for the inhibition of [3H]MS-377 binding, (+)-isomers were more potent than (-)-isomers. ", "Non-sigma receptor ligand PCP showed weak inhibition of [3H]MS-377 binding. ", "The rank order of potency for the sigma reference compounds to displace [3H]MS-377 binding were as following: haloperidol>MS-377=(+)-pentazocine>DTG (1, 3-Ditolylguanidine)=(-)-pentazocine>BMY14802 (alpha-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-(5-fluoro-2-pyramidinyl)-1-piperazine butanol)>(+)-SKF-10,047>(-)-SKF-10,047=PCP. ", "These results suggested that the MS-377 selectively binds to sigma binding site with high affinity in rat brain membranes. ", "Therefore, the anti-psychotic activities of MS-377 are attributable to association with sigma(1) receptors." ]

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[ "Q:\n\nUse aggreagted row values in multiple columns to form new column in Python\n\nI have the following dataframe in which each record has either D or E filled. ", "Never both.", "\nThe following is the dataframe df, with dummy records for 2 months April(Current) & March. (", "Originally the data will have 12 months, with values for column B reoccurring )\n\nI am looking to:\n1. ", "groupby column A for April month sum(column D) / sum(column E)\n\ndf.groupby(['A', 'C']).df.", "D/df.", "E.sum().rolling(1, min_periods=1).mean()\n\nAlternatively tried,\ndef divide_two_cols(df):\n return df['D'].sum() / df['E'].sum()\n\ndf.groupby(['A', 'C']).divide_two_cols(df).sum().rolling(1, min_periods=1).sum()\n\nApply same to last two months (March & April)\n\ndf.groupby(['A', 'C']).df.", "D/df.", "E.sum().rolling(2, min_periods=1).mean()\n\nAny advise on why the either approach is not working to form a new column using sum of two other columns.", "\n\nA:\n\nSince you are trying to group by at month level, you should ideally try to extract the month from column C which will make things easier for you. ", " \ndf['F'] = df.", "C.apply(lambda x: x.split(\"-\")[1])\n\nprint(df)\n A C D E F\n0 W 6-Mar NaN 1.0 Mar\n1 W 6-Mar 4.0 NaN Mar\n2 W 6-Mar NaN 1.0 Mar\n3 W 6-Apr 2.0 NaN Apr\n4 W 6-Apr NaN 2.0 Apr\n5 Y 6-Mar 10.0 NaN Mar\n6 Y 6-Mar NaN 2.0 Mar\n7 Y 6-Apr 6.0 NaN Apr\n8 Y 6-Apr NaN 2.0 Apr\n\nFor Part 1 (Column G is the column you are looking for):\ndf_grouped1 = df.groupby(['A', 'F'])['D', 'E'].sum().reset_index()\ndf_grouped1['G'] = df_grouped1['D']/df_grouped1['E']\n\nprint(df_grouped1)\n A F D E G\n0 W Apr 2.0 2.0 1.0\n1 W Mar 4.0 2.0 2.0\n2 Y Apr 6.0 2.0 3.0\n3 Y Mar 10.0 2.0 5.0\n\nFor Part 2 (Not sure if I understood this part of the question correctly. ", "Correct me if I am wrong) :\nprint(df_grouped1.groupby('A')['G'].mean().reset_index())\n\n A G\n0 W 1.5\n1 Y 4.0\n\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "StackExchange" }

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[ "[et_pb_section bb_built=”1″][et_pb_row][et_pb_column type=”4_4″][et_pb_text _builder_version=”3.0.64″ background_layout=”light” text_orientation=”left” border_style=”solid”]\n\nCal-Maine Foods Inc., a large North American egg company, have reported a huge loss in profits since 2016. ", "The company, who recently released their final fiscal report for 2017, are reporting net sales 9.4% lower for the last quarter than the same quarter in 2016. ", "Comparing these two periods suggests a rise in the number of actual egg sales, however this is because of the extra week of sales in the last quarter of 2017. ", "Over the course of the year this has meant an $834 million drop in net sales and a profit loss of $74.3 million.", "\n\nCEO of Cal-Maine Foods, Dolph Baker, has attributed the loss to a poor balance of supply and demand. ", "He claimed this imbalance is due in part to the avian flu hitting laying hens in 2015. ", "This led to a lot of farms replacing high numbers of their hens sooner than they usually would and in turn, there is an excess of young hens being used for egg production and they produce eggs at a much faster rate than their older equivalents. ", "The demand has not increased along with production.", "\n\nHowever, it appears that there has been a decline in recent years of egg sales in the USA overall. ", "In fact, egg sales have been dropping since 2013. ", "This is unsurprising as many people are choosing to take control over their diet in order to improve their health. ", "Eggs are full of cholesterol and consumption of eggs has been associated with higher risks of certain types of cancer. ", "Recent documentary What the Health, has suggested eating one egg a day is as bad as smoking five cigarettes a day which is a very worrying suggestion.", "\n\nPeople have also started to reduce their egg consumption for other reasons such as ethical and environmental. ", "Veganism has been on the rise in the western world for the past few years including in North America, growing by roughly 600 percent over the past three years and now 6 percent of Americans consider themselves to be vegan. ", "There is also a lot of interest in diets that reduce your meat, egg and dairy intake such as flexitarian and reductionism.", "\n\nIn addition, finding alternatives to eggs has become easier than ever recently. ", "Not only can you replace eggs in cakes with flax eggs but there are even egg replacements now to make omelettes and scrambled egg dishes. ", "Tofu has also become a popular replacement for egg in quiches.", "\n\nOn top of this, Baker notes in the report that he is aware that many of Cal-Maine’s largest customers have set goals to use only cage free eggs in the near future. ", "Although cage free is not a vegan goal it certainly suggests that consumers and corporations have a growing awareness of animal welfare standards. ", "An egg company losing out on profits is also indicative the vegan activism is having a genuine impact, a step in the right direction and something to be proud of.", "\n\n[/et_pb_text][et_pb_social_media_follow _builder_version=”3.0.53″ saved_tabs=”all” link_shape=”circle” url_new_window=”on” follow_button=”on” background_layout=”light” global_module=”4820″] [et_pb_social_media_follow_network social_network=”facebook” skype_action=”call” url=”https://www.facebook.com/livekindlyco/” bg_color=”#3b5998″]\n\nFacebook\n\n[/et_pb_social_media_follow_network][et_pb_social_media_follow_network social_network=”twitter” skype_action=”call” url=”https://twitter.com/livekindlyco” bg_color=”#00aced”]\n\nTwitter\n\n[/et_pb_social_media_follow_network][et_pb_social_media_follow_network social_network=”instagram” skype_action=”call” url=”https://www.instagram.com/livekindlyco/” bg_color=”#517fa4″]\n\nInstagram\n\n[/et_pb_social_media_follow_network] [/et_pb_social_media_follow][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]" ]

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[ "New Member Here\n\nHi, I'm a newbie from Canada with a passionate interest in aviation art and aviation history, particularly WWII, although I am interested in other areas of aviation as well. ", "I'm an artist so I hope that I will be able to enlist some help from members here from time-to-time as I work on any given project(s). ", "It is essentially a hobby so if I don't reply promptly or seem to take my time getting on with projects well, that's the reason. ", "Actually, that's probably the reason it took me this long to join you, lol. ", "Anyhow, I look forward to learning more and exploring this site further. ", "Cheers!", "\n\nWow, thanks to all of you for the warm welcome, I'm overwhelmed. ", "As I mentioned I'm a hobbyist and I aspire to enter some work and to take part in aviation art related shows when possible. ", "I've been a regular on ehangar for a few years and I've learned a lot from some of the guys over there, a hell of a lot of fantastic artists there that you can learn from. ", "I wish that I had more work to post but here's a few that I've done in the past few years, I hope that you like them. ", "I'm always thinking ahead so I will post more as I do them. ", "It's great to see the mix of nationalities. ", "My wife is from the UK, and I have relatives in Vienna, Austria as well. ", "Also, it's nice to see a fellow Canadian here, I'd love to get out west one day, never been there, I hear that the Canadian Rockies are beautiful. ", "I'm from Courtice, Ontario. ", "Gary, thanks for the compliment on the avatar, as you can see, it's one of my own works. ", "Airframes, have you got a website or can you send me a link to some of your work? ", "Thanks again to all of you for the welcome.", "\n\nAs for posting, for some reason several members seem to have problems posting multiple images in the right order. ", "Here's what I do:\n\nOpen Manage Attachments\nIn the window, click on \"Add Files\"\nIn the new window click \"Select Files\". ", "Here you can browse on your HD and select as many pics as you want. ", "Make sure they're no wider than 800 pixels.", "\nThen click on \"Upload Files\" and all of your selections will show up in a wierd order in the \"Attachments\" view. ", "At this point, you can drag and drop the pictures into the order you want. ", "If you want to post them with words in between, select \"Insert in Line\". ", "You can then insert the words around the pic reference in your text box. ", "If you just want them to show up in sequence at the end of your post, just select \"Done\".", "\n\nCheers mate. ", "Yes, oils on canvas for all except the Phantoms, which were oils on Daler board. ", "The Hunter profile (not Vulcan!) ", "was one of my first attempts at a digital profile, using Corel and the PC's mouse." ]

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[ "Hebraica Macabi\n\nAsociación Hebraica y Macabi del Uruguay, commonly known as Hebraica Macabi, is a professional basketball team based in Montevideo. ", "The club currently plays in the Liga Uruguaya de Basketball, the top tier basketball league of Uruguay. ", "Founded in 1944, it participated in most Uruguayan basketball tournaments. ", "During the first cycle, the name used by the club was Macabi Hacoaj, later changing its name to the current one.", "\n\nHistory\nMacabi was promoted to the Second Division of Uruguay Basketball in 1972 and to the First Division in 1973, winning three federal tournaments (Uruguay's most important tournament until 2000). ", "The team retired from Uruguayan basketball in 1997, but then returned in 2004 to the Third Division. ", "Obtaining two promotions over three years, Hebraica y Macabi played in 2007–08 on the Liga Uruguaya de Basketball, Uruguay's most important tournament, obtaining second place.", "\n\nMacabi won its first national championship during the 2011–12 edition of the Liga Uruguaya de Basketball.", "\n\nHonours\nLiga Uruguaya de Basketball\nWinners (3): 2011–12, 2015–16, 2016–17\n\nLiga Metropolitana\nWinners (1): 2006\n\nCurrent roster\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\nOfficial website\nCategory:Basketball teams in Uruguay\nCategory:Basketball teams in Montevideo\nCategory:Basketball teams established in 1939\nCategory:1939 establishments in Uruguay\nCategory:Maccabi basketball clubs" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }

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[ "Astigmatic phase correction for the magneto-optic spatial light modulator.", "\nWe report a simple low-cost technique for evaluating the phase distortion in a magneto-optic spatial light modulator. ", "We find that the dominant distortion is caused by astigmatism and is easily compensated by encoding of the complex-conjugate pattern onto the device. ", "Two experimental results are shown. ", "First, the focused spot size from a Fresnel lens is sharpened when the aberrations are corrected. ", "Second, we show that the pattern that generates a first-order Bessel-function nondiffracting beam does not work unless the aberrations are corrected." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }

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[ "\n419 F.Supp.2d 1316 (2006)\nMEDICAL SUPPLY CHAIN, INC., ", "Plaintiff,\nv.\nNEOFORMA, INC., ", "et al., ", "Defendants.", "\nNo. ", "Civ.", "A. 05-2299-CM.", "\nUnited States District Court, D. Kansas.", "\nMarch 7, 2006.", "\n*1317 *1318 *1319 *1320 Ira Dennis Hawver, Ozawkie, KS, for Plaintiff.", "\nJanice Vaughn Mock, Sophie N. Froelich, Stephen N. Roberts, Nossaman, Guthner, Knox & Elliott, LLP, San Francisco, CA, John K. Power, Husch & Eppenberger, LLC, Jonathan H. Gregor, Mark A. Olthoff, Kathleen A. Hardee, Shughart Thomson & Kilroy, PC, Kansas City, MO, Andrew M. Demarea, Shughart Thomson & Kilroy, Overland Park, KS, for Defendants.", "\n\nMEMORANDUM AND ORDER\nMURGUIA, District Judge.", "\nOn March 9, 2005, plaintiff Medical Supply Chain, Inc. filed the above-captioned case in the United States District Court for the District of Western Missouri, case number 05-2010-CV-W-ODS. ", "Plaintiff brought suit against Neoforma, Inc., Robert J. Zollars, Volunteer Hospital Association (\"VHA\"), Curt Nonomaque, University Healthsystem Consortium, Robert J. Baker, U.S. Bancorp NA, U.S. Bank National Association, Jerry A. Grundhofer, Andrew Cesare,[1] Piper Jaffray Companies, Andrew S. Duff, Shughart Thomson & Kilroy, P.C.,[2] and Novation, LLC. ", "Plaintiff's 115 page complaint alleges sixteen counts including claims for price restraint under the Sherman Act, restraint of trade and monopolization under both federal and Missouri law, conspiracy, tortious interference with contract or business expectancy, breach of contract, breach of fiduciary duty, fraud, prima facie tort, and claims under RICO and the USA PATRIOT Act.", "\nOn June 15, 2005, Judge Ortrie D. Smith of the Western District of Missouri granted defendants' Motions to Transfer the case to the District of Kansas, citing this district court's experience with \"the almost identical previous lawsuit\" and the interests of justice. (", "Doc. ", "26, at 2).", "\nEach group of defendants have filed a motion to dismiss, and two groups of defendants have filed renewed motions after the case was transferred, resulting in seven motions to dismiss. ", "The motions to dismiss pending before the court are defendant Robert Zollars' Motion to Dismiss for Lack of Personal Jurisdiction (Doc. ", "2); Defendant Neoforma, Inc.'s Motion to Dismiss, [sic] Complaint, or Alternatively to Require Amendment, Pursuant to F.R.C.P. Rules 8 and 9 (Doc. ", "4); Defendants U.S. Bancorp, U.S. Bank National Association, Piper Jaffray Companies, Jerry A. Grundhofer, Andrew Cesare and Andrew S. Duffs' Motion to Transfer, Dismiss and/or Strike (Doc. ", "6); Defendants Curt Nonomaque and Robert Baker's Motion to Dismiss Plaintiffs Complaint for Lack of Personal Jurisdiction and for Failure to State a Claim (Doc. ", "11); Defendant Shughart Thomson & Kilroy, P.C.'s Motion to Transfer, Dismiss and/or Strike (Doc. ", "13); Defendants U.S. Bancorp, U.S. Bank National Association, Piper Jaffray Companies, Jerry A. Grundhofer, Andrew Cesare and Andrew S. Duffs' Renewed Motion to Dismiss and/or Strike (Doc. ", "32); and Novation, LLC, VHA Inc., University Health-system Consortium, Robert Baker and *1321 Curt Nonomaque's Renewed Motion to Dismiss Complaint for Failure to State a Claim (Doc. ", "34).", "\nAdditional motions before the court are defendants U.S. Bancorp, U.S. Bank National Association, Piper Jaffray Companies, Jerry A. Grundhofer, Andrew Cesare and Andrew S. Duffs' Motion for Sanctions (Doc. ", "22); Defendants' Motion to Stay Rule 26(f) Conference and Discovery (Doc. ", "24); plaintiff's Motion for Reconsideration of Order Transferring Venue (Doc. ", "28); Novation, LLC, VHA, University Healthsystem Consortium, Robert Baker and Curt Nonomaque's Motion for Sanctions (Doc. ", "36); plaintiff's Motion to Strike Defendants' Renewed Motion to Dismiss and/or Strike (Doc. ", "38); plaintiff's Motion to Consolidate Under Rule 42 (Doc. ", "39); plaintiff's Motion to Require Consolidation Arguments to be in the Form of Pleadings on the Record and Notice of Threat of Unlawful Sanctions (Doc. ", "42); plaintiff's Motion to Strike Novation Defendants' Renewed Motion to Dismiss (Doc. ", "43); plaintiffs Motion for Clarification of Order in Case No. ", "03-2324 (Doc. ", "45); First Plaintiffs Motion for Partial Summary Judgment Under F.R. Civ. ", "P. Local Rule 56.1 (Doc. ", "46); plaintiff's Motion for Leave to Join Additional Defendants Under Fed. ", "R.Civ.", "P. 29(a) (Doc. ", "49); plaintiff's Motion to Substitute Plaintiff Under F.R.C.P. Rules [sic] 17(a), 15(a) and 25(a) (Doc. ", "56); plaintiff's Motion to Substitute Defendant Under F.R.C.P. Rules [sic] 17(a) (Doc. ", "57); and Novation, LLC, VHA Inc., University Healthsystem Consortium, Robert Baker and Curt Nonomaque's Motion to Set Oral Hearing on Motion to Dismiss (Doc. ", "76).", "\nI. Background\nA. Bret D. Landrith\nPlaintiff's counsel for all of the pending motions before the court, Bret D. Landrith, withdrew as counsel for plaintiff on January 30, 2006 after being disbarred from the practice of law in the state of Kansas on December 9, 2005 for violating Kansas Rules of Professional Conduct relating to competence, meritorious claims, candor toward the tribunal, fairness to opposing parties and counsel, respect for rights of third persons, and misconduct. ", "See In re Landrith, 124 P.3d 467, 485-86 (Kan.2005). ", "On February 7, 2006, Ira Dennis Hawver entered his appearance on behalf of Medical Supply Chain, Inc.\nB. Prior Relevant Cases\nPlaintiff has brought two other cases in this court that are relevant to the court's analysis. ", "The first, captioned Medical Supply Chain, Inc. v. U.S. Bancorp, NA, et al., ", "02-2539-CM, 2003 WL 21479192 (D.Kan.2003) (\"Medical Supply I\"), was filed on October 22, 2002 against defendants U.S. Bancorp, NA; US Bank Private Client Group, Corporate Trust, Institutional Trust and Custody, and Mutual Fund Services, LLC, a subsidiary of U.S. Bancorp; Piper Jaffray; Andrew Cesare; Susan Paine; Lars Anderson; Brian Kabbes; and Unknown Healthcare Supplier. ", "Plaintiff contended these defendants engaged in conduct violating (1) the Sherman Antitrust Act; (2) the Clayton Antitrust Act; and (3) the Hobbs Act. ", "Plaintiff also alleged defendants (4) \"fail[ed] to properly train [their] employees on the USA PTRIOT Act or to provide a compliance officer\"; (5) misused \"authority and excessive use of force as enforcement officers under the USA PATRIOT Act\"; and (6) violated \"criminal laws to influence policy under section 802 of the USA PATRIOT Act.\" ", "The complaint further charged defendants with (7) misappropriation of trade secrets under state law; (8) tortious interference with prospective contracts; (9) tortious interference with contracts; (10) breach of contract; (11) promissory estoppel; (12) fraudulent misrepresentation; and (13) violation of the covenant of good *1322 faith and fair dealing. ", "Plaintiff sought over $943 million in damages and declaratory relief.", "\nOn June 16, 2003, this court granted defendants' motions to dismiss for failure to state any claims upon which relief could be granted and dismissed the case. ", "Medical Supply I, 2003 WL 21479192, at *9 (D.Kan. ", "June 16, 2003). ", "When discussing plaintiff's USA PATRIOT Act claims, the undersigned judge advised Mr. Landrith to \"take greater care in ensuring that the claims he brings on his clients' behalf are supported by the law and the facts.\" ", "Id. at *6. ", "Furthermore, with regard to the same claims, the undersigned judge noted that \"the court finds plaintiffs allegation so completely divorced from rational thought that the court will refrain from further comment until such time as federal criminal proceedings are commenced, if indeed they ever are.\" ", "Id. at *8. ", "On November 8, 2004, the Tenth Circuit affirmed the district court's dismissal, and ordered plaintiff to show cause why he should not be sanctioned for filing a frivolous appeal pursuant to Fed. ", "R.App. ", "P. 38. ", "Medical Supply I, 112 Fed.", "Appx. ", "730, 731-32 (10th Cir.2004). ", "On December 30, 2004, the undersigned judge assessed attorney fees and double costs as a sanction against Mr. Landrith. ", "Defendants were awarded $23,956 in attorney fees. ", "Medical Supply I, 2005 WL 2122675, at *1 (D.Kan. ", "May 13, 2005).", "\nThe second case brought by plaintiff in this court, captioned Medical Supply Chain, Inc. v. General Electric Company, et al., ", "case number 03-2324-CM (\"Medical Supply II\"), was filed on June 18, 2003. ", "Defendants included General Electric Company, General Electric Capital Business Asset Funding Corporation, GE Transportation Systems Global Signaling, LLC, and Jeffrey Immelt. ", "Plaintiffs amended complaint alleged violations of the Sherman Act, the Robinson—Patman Act, and various state law claims. ", "Specifically, plaintiff alleged that it\nsuffered antitrust injury from the defendants' breach of a written contract to buy out the remainder of a lease and provide financing for Medical Supply's entry into the hospital supply market. ", "This contract was a unique credit agreement and an essential facility required for entry into the e-commerce market for hospital supplies.", "\nPlaintiff further alleged that \"GE founded a cartel or trust with its horizontal and vertical competitors, centered around an electronic marketplace that now has over 80% of the hospital e-commerce market,\" and that \"GE's refusal to deal and group boycott, preventing Medical Supply's entry into a market GE has monopoly power in[,] is a violation of the Sherman and Clayton Antitrust Acts.\"", "\nOn January 29, 2004, the undersigned judge granted defendants' motions to dismiss, but opted not to impose Rule 11 sanctions against plaintiff. ", "Medical Supply II, 2004 WL 956100, at *5 (D.Kan. ", "Jan.29, 2004). ", "In granting defendants' motions to dismiss, the court noted that \"at the most fundamental level, plaintiffs antitrust claims fail.\" ", "Id. at *3. ", "On July 26, 2005, the Tenth Circuit affirmed the district court's dismissal of plaintiffs complaint, but reversed and remanded on the issue of sanctions against plaintiff, finding that \"at least [plaintiffs] claims against Jeffrey Immelt in his individual capacity were frivolous in that no allegation was made that Immelt had any personal connection with [plaintiffs] alleged injury or even that he knew [plaintiff] existed.\" ", "Medical Supply II, 144 Fed. ", "Appx. ", "708, 716 (10th Cir.2005). ", "The issue of sanctions remains pending.", "\nC. Instant Allegations\nPlaintiff asserts federal question subject matter jurisdiction based on several federal *1323 acts including the Clayton Act, the Sherman Act, the Declaratory Judgment Act,[3] the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act (\"RICO\"), and the USA PATRIOT Act. ", "Plaintiff also asserts diversity jurisdiction, despite acknowledging that both plaintiff and at least one defendant reside in Missouri. (", "Compl., ", "at 4-6). ", "Therefore, this court does not have diversity jurisdiction over plaintiff's case. ", "28 U.S.C. § 1332. ", "Plaintiff alleges that this court has personal jurisdiction \"over the parties who are in the territorial limits of the United States and who have sufficient contacts with the State of Missouri.\" (", "Compl., ", "at 5).", "\nIn addition to the captioned defendants, plaintiff also lists eight \"coconspirators not named as defendants in this action,\" several of which are relevant for purposes of this Order, including General Electric Company, General Electric Capital Business Asset Funding Corporation, GE Transportation Systems Global Signaling, LLC, and Jeffrey R. Immelt.", "\nThe court is unclear on the bulk of plaintiff's allegations. ", "On page 84 of its complaint, plaintiff lists its \"summary of claims\" as follows:[4]\n423. ", "Medical Supply Chain, Inc., in its antitrust litigation opposing trade restraint in the electronic market for hospital supplies. ", "Medical Supply has experienced substantial antitrust injury from the actions of Novation, a joint venture created by UHC and VHA, Inc. in support of the electronic marketplace entity Neoforma, Inc. which is believed to be an instrumentality of UHC and VHA, Inc. which were both in an alliance to eliminate competition among member competitors in a scheme to inflate prices similar to the alliance of Shell and Texaco to create two joint ventures, Equilon Enterprises LLC and Motiva Enterprises condemned for per se Sherman I prohibited conduct in Dagher v. Saudi Refining Inc., 369 F.3d 1108, 1114 (9th Cir.2004).", "\n424. ", "Medical Supply Chain, Inc. has been excluded from the hospital supply market with agreements between UHA and VHA's Novation in combination with their electronic marketplace Neoforma, Inc. U.S. Bancorp NA, and The Piper Jaffray Companies exchanged directors with Novation and participated in exclusive agreements with Novation and Neoforma to keep hospitals using technology products from companies U.S. Bancorp NA and Piper Jaffray had an interest in. ", "The purpose of these agreements was to injure the hospital supply consumers with artificially inflated prices.", "\n425. ", "Because of these illegal anticompetitive agreements with Novation and Neoforma, Inc., Piper Jaffray and then U.S. Bancorp refused to deal with Medical Supply Chain, Inc. U.S. Bancorp broke a contract with Medical Supply Chain, Inc. to provide escrow accounts needed to capitalize Medical Supply's entry into the hospital supply marketplace, using the pretext of the USA PTRIOT Act. ", "U.S. Bancorp and Piper Jaffray simultaneously stole Medical Supply's intellectual property, which has since been openly used by Novation and Neoforma. ", "US Bancorp and Piper Jaffray have continued to extort property from Medical Supply Chain on behalf of the hospital supply cartel by obstructing entry to the market for hospital supplies through the threat of malicious USA PATRIOT Act reports.", "\n\n*1324 426. ", "Medical Supply attempted to obtain preliminary injunctive relief against U.S. Bancorp, The Piper Jaffray Companies and an Unknown Healthcare Supplier to prevent them from using the USA PATRIOT Act as a sham petition designed to prevent Medical Supply from entering the market and to stop the theft of its intellectual property. ", "To date, Medical Supply has not been successful.", "\n427. ", "In June of 2004, Novation/Neoforma, Inc. again stopped Medical Supply from entering the market for hospital supplies using exclusive dealing agreements with General Electric and GE's electronic marketplace cartel GHX, LLC. ", "These agreements caused GE to break a written contract to purchase a commercial real estate lease from Medical Supply. ", "The contract included Medical Supply's requirement to use the proceeds to capitalize Medical Supply's entry to market since it was under the extortion of U.S. Bancorp threatened and malicious USA PATROT Act reporting. ", "Medical Supply is currently attempting to resolve its contract with GE and obtain injunctive relief and treble damages under Sherman I and II.", "\n428. ", "On December 14, 2004 Medical Supply served notice on UHC, Robert J. Baker, VHA, Inc., Curt Nonomaque, Novation LLC, Neoforma, Inc. and Robert J. Zollars that Medical Supply had not succeeded in obtaining prospective injunctive relief against the U.S. Bancorp and Piper Jaffray defendants to prevent antitrust injuries from being obstructed from entering the market for hospital supplies or the theft of Medical Supply's intellectual property. ", "The notice informed the UHC, Robert J. Baker, VHA, Inc., Curt Nonomaque, Novation LLC, Neoforma, Inc. and Robert J. Zollars that if they did not provide a substantiated response denying their responsibility for the hospital supply cartel's actions against Medical Supply, they would be held jointly and severally liable:\n\"If you dispute that any of these actions were taken against Medical Supply, or that your company is liable as an antitrust coconspirator, please promptly provide a substantiated basis for Medical Supply's reliance on the same to me at the address provided below. ", "Since your company has not refuted the publicized events and relationships described herein, a constructive use of the time remaining between now and our anticipated filing of February 1, 2005 might be to reach an agreement on the platform and electronic format the millions of recorded transactions, hospital supply contracts, kickbacks and equity shares that will be exchanged through discovery as we collectively document the injuries to America's hospitals and our company from your concerted refusals to deal and group boycotts.\"", "\n429. ", "Only counsel for Neoforma responded and the purpose of the communication was to have Medical Supply await their answer till after the holidays, an answer that never came.", "\n430. ", "The coconspirators UHC, Robert J. Baker, VHA, Inc., Curt Nonomaque, Novation LLC, Neoforma, Inc. and Robert J. Zollars did however renew their conscious commitment to a common scheme designed to achieve an unlawful objective of keeping Medical Supply out of the market for hospital supplies by reviewing the case against U.S. Bancorp and consulting with representatives for U.S. Bancorp, U.S. Bank, Jerry A. Grundhoffer, Andrew Cesere, Piper Jaffray Companies and Andrew S. Duff. ", "The cartel decided to rely on the continuing efforts to illegally influence the Kansas District Court and Tenth Circuit *1325 Court of Appeals to uphold the trial court's erroneous ruling. ", "The cartel also renewed their efforts to have Medical Supply's sole counsel disbarred, knowing that an extensive search for counsel by Medical Supply had resulted in 100% of the contacted firms being conflicted out of opposing U.S. Bancorp and actually effected a frenzy of disbarment attempts against Medical Supply's counsel in the period from December 14, 2004 to February 3rd, 2005, all originating from the cartel's agents Shughart Thomson and Kilroy's past and current share holders.", "\n(Compl., ", "at 84-86).", "\nPlaintiff seeks \"approximately $1,500,000,000.00 for the conduct related to the refusal to provide trust accounts and . . . ", "approximately $1,500,000,000.00 for the conduct related to preventing Medical Supply from selling the office building lease to General Electric Transportation Co.\" (Compl., ", "at 114). ", "Plaintiff also seeks $1 million for damages sustained as a \"consequence of Defendants' tortuous [sic] interference with contract or business expectancy and/or in prima facie tort . . . ", "together with punitive or exemplary damages for the same, in an amount in excess of $10,000,\" \"approximately\" $1.5 million in damages for defendants' violations of \"civil racketeering laws,\" $500,000 for damages plaintiff sustained as a result of defendants' USA PATRIOT Act violations, and costs and reasonable attorney fees. (", "Compl., ", "at 114-15).", "\nII. ", "Legal Standard for Motions to Dismiss\nThe court will dismiss a cause of action for failure to state a claim only when it appears beyond a doubt that the plaintiff can prove no set of facts in support of the theory of recovery that would entitle him or her to relief, Conley v. Gibson, 355 U.S. 41, 45-46, 78 S.Ct. ", "99, 2 L.Ed.2d 80 (1957); Maher v. Durango Metals, Inc., 144 F.3d 1302, 1304 (10th Cir.1998), or when an issue of law is dispositive, Neitzke v. Williams, 490 U.S. 319, 326, 109 S.Ct. ", "1827, 104 L.Ed.2d 338 (1989). ", "The court accepts as true all well-pleaded facts, as distinguished from conclusory allegations, Maher, 144 F.3d at 1304, and all reasonable inferences from those facts are viewed in favor of the plaintiff, Swanson v. Bixler, 750 F.2d 810, 813 (10th Cir.1984). ", "The issue in resolving a motion such as this is not whether the plaintiff will ultimately prevail, but whether he or she is entitled to offer evidence to support the claims. ", "Scheuer v. Rhodes, 416 U.S. 232, 236, 94 S.Ct. ", "1683, 40 L.Ed.2d 90 (1974), overruled on other grounds, Davis v. Scherer, 468 U.S. 183, 104 S.Ct. ", "3012, 82 L.Ed.2d 139 (1984).", "\nIII. ", "Analysis\nA. Plaintiff's Motion for Reconsideration of Order Transferring Venue (Doc. ", "28)\nWhether to grant or deny a motion for reconsideration is committed to the court's discretion. ", "GFF Carp. ", "v. Associated Wholesale Grocers, Inc., 130 F.3d 1381, 1386 (10th Cir.1997); Hancock v. City of Okla. City, 857 F.2d 1394, 1395 (10th Cir.1988). ", "In exercising that discretion, courts in general have recognized three major grounds justifying reconsideration: (1) an intervening change in controlling law; (2) availability of new evidence; and (3) the need to correct clear error or prevent manifest injustice. ", "See Marx v. Schnuck Mkts., ", "Inc., 869 F.Supp. ", "895, 897 (D.Kan.1994) (citations omitted); D. Kan. Rule 7.3 (listing three bases for reconsideration of order). \"", "A party's failure to present its strongest case in the first instance does not entitle it to a second chance in the form of a motion to reconsider.\" ", "Sithon Maritime Co. v. Holiday Mansion, 177 F.R.D. 504, 505 (D.Kan. *", "1326 1998). ", "Plaintiffs arguments in support of reconsideration do not assert a change in controlling law or the availability of new evidence. ", "Moreover, in arguing that the U.S. District Court for the Western District of Missouri committed clear error by transferring the instant case to this district, plaintiff did not raise any arguments that it could not have raised in its motions opposing transfer. ", "Because plaintiff is not entitled to a second chance at presenting its strongest case, Sithon Maritime Co., 177 F.R.D. at 505, plaintiffs motion for reconsideration is denied.", "\nB. Plaintiff's Motions to Strike (Dots. ", "38 and 43)\nPlaintiff requests that the court strike two renewed motions to dismiss. ", "The bulk of plaintiffs arguments simply respond to defendants' motions to dismiss rather than argue in support of striking the motions. ", "Plaintiffs on-point argument is that the renewed motions to dismiss include new arguments and authorities that were available when defendants filed their original motions to dismiss.", "\nThe court may \"order stricken from any pleading any insufficient defense or any redundant, immaterial, impertinent, or scandalous matter.\" ", "Fed.", "R.Civ.", "P. 12(f). ", "The court finds that defendants' renewed motions do not fall within the purview of Rule 12(f). ", "Rather, defendants renewed their motions only after the instant case was transferred from the U.S. District Court for the Western District of Missouri (in the 8th Circuit) to this court (in the 10th Circuit). ", "Moreover, the court finds that striking the motions is inconsequential; even if the court struck the motions at issue, none of its instant rulings would change. ", "Plaintiffs motions to strike are denied.", "\nC. Motions to Dismiss\nPending before the court are five motions to dismiss and two renewed motions to dismiss. ", "Defendants assert several different arguments in support of dismissal, including that this court does not have personal jurisdiction over certain defendants, plaintiff did not properly serve certain defendants, all of plaintiffs claims fail to state a claim for which relief can be granted pursuant to Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 12(b)(6), several of plaintiffs claims are barred by claim and/or issue preclusion, and plaintiffs complaint violates Federal Rules of Civil Procedure 8 and 9. ", "In addition, several defendants contend that some of plaintiffs allegations against specific defendants and third parties are so immaterial, impertinent and scandalous that they should be stricken by the court.", "\nThe court has reviewed the pending motions to dismiss and responses, along with the complaint and plaintiffs prior cases in this district. ", "Even presuming all wellpleaded allegations as true, resolving doubts in favor of plaintiff, and viewing the pleadings in the light most favorable to plaintiff, the court finds that dismissal of plaintiffs complaint is warranted for several reasons.[5]\n1. ", "Rule 12(b)(6)\nPlaintiffs complaint fails at the most basic level to allege sufficient facts to support cognizable legal claims. ", "Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 12(b)(6) allows the court to dismiss a cause of action for \"failure to state a claim upon which relief can *1327 be granted.\" ", "The court recognizes that \"[d]ismissal under Rule 12(b)(6) is a `harsh remedy which must be cautiously studied, not only to effectuate the spirit of the liberal rules of pleading but also to protect the interests of justice.'\" ", "Morse v. Regents of Univ. ", "of Colo., 154 F.3d 1124, 1127 (10th Cir.1998) (quoting Cayman Exploration Corp. v. United Gas Pipe Line Co., 873 F.2d 1357, 1359 (10th Cir.1989)). ", "However, even considering the harshness of this remedy, dismissal under 12(b)(6) is warranted in this case.", "\na. Sherman Act, § 1 (Counts I and II)\nA plaintiff must plead three elements to state a claim under § 1 of the Sherman Act: (1) a contract, combination, or conspiracy among two or more independent actors; (2) that unreasonably restrains trade; and (3) is in, or substantially affects, interstate commerce. ", "15 U.S.C. § 1; TV Commc'ns Network, Inc. v. Turner Network Television, Inc., 964 F.2d 1022, 1027 (10th Cir.1992); 1 Irving Scher, et al., ", "Antitrust Adviser (4th ed.2001) § 1.04. ", "Accepting the allegations contained in the complaint as true, the court finds that plaintiff has failed to allege a contract, combination, or conspiracy among two or more independent actors. ", "Plaintiff's complaint alleges numerous conspiracies and agreements between various defendants. ", "For example, plaintiff alleges that \"Defendants entered into a combinations [sic] and or conspiracies in unreasonable restraint of trade or commerce . . . ", "in the markets for hospital supplies, hospital supplies sold in e-commerce and the capitalization of healthcare technology and supply chain management companies.\" (", "Compl., ", "at 87). ", "Although plaintiff asserts many conspiracy theories, it does not allege any facts that support its allegations. ", "See TV Commc'ns Network, Inc., 964 F.2d at 1024 (\"Although the modern pleading requirements are quite liberal, a plaintiff must do more than cite relevant antitrust language to state a claim for relief.\") (", "citing Mountain View Pharmacy v. Abbott Labs., ", "630 F.2d 1383, 1387 (10th Cir.1980)); Perington Wholesale, Inc. v. Burger King Corp., 631 F.2d 1369, 1373 (10th Cir.1979) (holding that to survive a motion to dismiss, a complaint stating violations of the Sherman Act \"must allege facts sufficient, if they are proven, to allow the court to conclude that claimant has a legal right to relief') (citation omitted); see also Medical Supply II, 2004 WL 956100, at *3 (\"dismissing plaintiffs antitrust claims for, inter alia, failure to allege that the named defendants were parties to an unlawful agreement\"), rev'd on other grounds, 144 Fed.", "Appx. ", "708 (10th Cir.2005); Medical Supply I, 2003 WL 21479192, at *3 (D.Kan. ", "June 16, 2003), affd, 112 Fed.", "Appx. ", "730 (10th Cir.2004) (\"Accepting the allegations contained in the complaint as true, the court finds plaintiff has failed to allege a contract, combination, or conspiracy among two or more independent actors, and thus has not stated a claim under § 1.\"). ", "Counts I and II fail to state a claim upon which relief can be granted.", "\nb. Sherman Act, § 2 (Counts III and IV)\nSection 2 of the Sherman Act prohibits monopolies in interstate trade or commerce. ", "15 U.S.C. § 2 (\"Every person who shall monopolize, or attempt to monopolize, or combine or conspire with any other person or persons, to monopolize any part of the trade or commerce among the several States . . . ", "shall be deemed guilty of a felony.\"). ", "Conduct violates this section when an entity acquires or maintains monopoly power in such a way as to preclude other entities from engaging in fair competition. ", "United States v. E.I. du Pont de Nemours & Co., 351 U.S. 377, 389-90, 76 S.Ct. ", "994, 100 L.Ed. ", "1264 (1956); Instructional Sys. ", "Dev. ", "Corp. v. Aetna Cas. & ", "Sur. ", "Co., 817 F.2d 639, 649 *1328 (10th Cir.1987). \"", "The offense of monopoly under § 2 of the Sherman Act has two elements: (1) the possession of monopoly power in the relevant market and (2) the willful acquisition or maintenance of that power as distinguished from growth or development as a consequence of a superior product, business acumen, or historic accident.\" ", "United States v. Grinnell Corp., 384 U.S. 563, 570-71, 86 S.Ct. ", "1698, 16 L.Ed.2d 778 (1966). ", "In the Tenth Circuit, \"monopoly power is defined as the ability both to control prices and exclude competition.\" ", "Tarabishi v. McAlester Reg'l Hosp., ", "951 F.2d 1558, 1567 (10th Cir.1991). ", "Further, \"determination of the existence of monopoly power requires proof of relevant product and geographic markets.\" ", "Id.\nPlaintiffs relevant allegations regarding § 2 of the Sherman Act specifically consists of the following paragraph:\nDefendants collectively have at all times material to this complaint maintained, attempted to achieve and maintain, or combined or conspired to achieve and maintain, a monopoly over the sale of hospital supplies, the sale of hospital supplies in e-commerce, and over the capitalization of healthcare technology companies and supply chain management companies in the several Stated [sic] of the United States; and have used, attempted to use, or combined and conspired to use, their monopoly power to affect competition in the sale of hospital supplies, the sale of hospital supplies in e-commerce, and over the capitalization of healthcare technology companies and supply chain management companies sale [sic] of the same in the several States of the United States in violation of 15 U.S.C. § 2.", "\n(Compl., ", "at 96).", "\nThus, even accepting each of plaintiffs allegations as true, plaintiff has clearly failed to allege (1) defendants' possession of monopoly power, (2) a relevant product and geographic market, or (3) that defendants either controlled prices and excluded competition. ", "See Medical Supply II, 144 Fed.", "Appx. ", "at 713 (affirming the district court's holding on plaintiffs Sherman Act, § 2 claim, and stating that \"we see no reason to disturb the district court's conclusion that [plaintiff] failed to state a claim that GE had illegally monopolized or attempted to monopolize the North American hospital supply e-commerce market\"); Medical Supply I, 2003 WL 21479192, at *3 (\"Here, plaintiff has failed to allege that defendants both controlled prices and excluded competition. ", "Further, plaintiff has not pled the existence of a relevant product market or geographic market. ", "Plaintiff has not stated that defendants' alleged market power stems from defendants' willful acquisition or maintenance of that power rather than from defendants' development of a superior product, business acumen, or historic accident.\"). ", "The court finds that Counts III and IV fail to state a claim of monopoly under § 2.", "\nc. Clayton Act (Count V)\nA provision of the Clayton Act, 15 U.S.C. § 19, prohibits persons from serving, at the same time, as a director or officer of any two corporations that are engaged in commerce and are competitors, \"so that the elimination of competition by agreement between them would constitute a violation of any of the antitrust laws.\" ", "15 U.S.C. § 19(a)(1). ", "Plaintiffs complaint, however, fails to allege who the alleged interlocking directors are, for which defendants' companies they serve, or that the corporations in question are actual competitors. ", "For these reasons, plaintiff's Count V is dismissed for failure to state a claim.", "\nd. RICO (Count XV)\nTo plead a viable civil RICO claim under 18 U.S.C. § 1962(c), plaintiff *1329 must allege that a defendant \"`(1) participated in the conduct (2) of an enterprise (3) through a pattern (4) of racketeering activity.'\" ", "Abbott v. Chem. ", "Trust, 2001 WL 492388, at *15 (D.Kan. ", "Apr.26, 2001) (quoting BancOklahoma Mortgage Corp. v. Capital Title Co., 194 F.3d 1089, 1100 (10th Cir.1999)). ", "Plaintiff also alleges that defendants conspired to violate 18 U.S.C. § 1962(c). ", "See 18 U.S.C. § 1962(d). ", "Under Rule 9(b), plaintiff must allege with particularity not only each element of a RICO violation, but also the predicate acts of racketeering. ", "Phillips USA, Inc. v. Allflex USA, Inc., 1993 WL 191615, at *2 (D.Kan. ", "May 21, 1993) (quoting Farlow v. Peat, Marwick, Mitchell & Co., 956 F.2d 982, 989 (10th Cir.1992)). ", "To properly allege the predicate acts, plaintiff must specify the \"who, what, where, and when\" of each purported act. ", "Id. (citation omitted).", "\nHere, plaintiff failed to sufficiently allege the \"who, what, where, and when\" its RICO claim. ", "Plaintiffs specific RICO allegations consists of the following: \"The Defendants engaged in (1) conduct (2) of an enterprise (3) through a pattern (4) of racketeering activity,\" as well as numerous assertions that defendant Shughart Thomson & Kilroy, a law firm based in Kansas City, Missouri, violated RICO by conspiring with other unspecified defendants to shut plaintiff out of the healthcare supply industry. ", "Again, plaintiff offers no specific facts in support of its numerous allegations. ", "Thus, plaintiffs RICO claim fails to state a claim for which relief may be granted.", "\nPlaintiff also cites to 18 U.S.C. §§ 1503 and 1513 in its RICO discussion. ", "Section 1503 prohibits influencing, intimidating, impeding or injuring a juror or officer of the court, 18 U.S.C. § 1503(a), while § 1513 prohibits retaliation against a witness for attending or testifying in an official proceeding, or for providing information relating to the commission of a federal offense to a law enforcement officer, 18 U.S.C. § 1513(a)(1). ", "Plaintiff seems to argue that defendant Shughart Thomson & Kilroy violated these statutes when it lodged ethics complaints against Mr. Landrith. ", "Plaintiffs allegations have nothing to do with unlawfully influencing a juror or officer of the court, or retaliating against a witness or informant. ", "Therefore, these allegations fail to state a claim.", "\nAlso as part of its RICO claim, plaintiff alleges that defendants violated 17 U.S.C. § 506 when it \"stole copyrighted works to keep Medical Supply from realizing its plan to enter the market for hospital suppliers . . . ", "that included business plans, algorithms, confidential proprietary business models, customer and associate lists from Medical Supply Chain, Inc. in 2002 and from its predecessor company Medical Supply Management in 1995 and 1996.\" (", "Compl., ", "at 110). ", "This is the entirety of detail plaintiff gives regarding its criminal copyright claim. ", "Thus, plaintiff does not allege exactly what material was stole by whom, how the allegedly stolen material fits the definition of copyrighted material, or how the material was stolen.", "\nPlaintiff also alleges that defendants violated 18 U.S.C. § 2319. ", "However, because plaintiff makes absolutely no allegations regarding this statute other than to state that \"Defendants [sic] violation falls under 18 USC § 2319,\" this claim fails to state a valid claim.", "\nAs part of its RICO claims, plaintiff also alleges that defendants violated the Hobbs Act \"by preventing Medical Supply's entry into commerce under color of official right,\" citing to 18 U.S.C. § 1951. ", "Section 1951 prohibits the obstruction, delay or affection of commerce by robbery or extortion. ", "Significantly, extortion is defined as the \"wrongful use of actual or threatened force, violence, or fear, under color of official right.\" ", "18 U.S.C. § 1951(b)(2). ", "Here, *1330 there is no allegation that defendants, who are private parties, acted under color of official right, or acted with any force, violence or fear. ", "Therefore, plaintiff's claim under the Hobbs Act fails to state a claim.", "\ne. USA PATRIOT Act (Count XVI)\nPlaintiff alleges that all defendants, through defendants U.S. Bancorp NA and U.S. Bank National Association, violated two sections of the USA PATROT Act, 31 U.S.C. § 5318(g)(3) and 18 U.S.C. § 1030, by \"maliciously\" filing a suspicious activity report regarding plaintiff and its founder Samuel Lipari. ", "No private cause of action exists to enforce the USA PATRIOT Act. ", "Medical Supply I, 112 Fed.", "Appx. ", "at 731. ", "Therefore, plaintiff's USA PATRIOT Act claims are dismissed.", "\nf. State Law Claims\nFederal district courts have supplemental jurisdiction over state law claims that are part of the \"same case or controversy\" as federal claims. ", "28 U.S.C. § 1367(a). \"[", "W]hen a district court dismisses the federal claims, leaving only the supplemental state claims, the most common response has been to dismiss the state claim or claims without prejudice.\" ", "United States v. Botefuhr, 309 F.3d 1263, 1273 (10th Cir.2002) (quotation marks, alterations, and citation omitted). ", "Having dismissed each of plaintiff's federal claims, this court finds no compelling reason to retain jurisdiction over the state law claims and dismisses them without prejudice.", "\n2. ", "Issue/Claim Preclusion\nSeveral defendants argue that issue and/or claim preclusion bar several of plaintiff's claims. ", "Claim and issue preclusion are rules of \"fundamental and substantial justice that enforce[] the public policy that there be an end to litigation.\" ", "May v. Parker-Abbott Transfer & Storage, Inc., 899 F.2d 1007, 1009 (10th Cir.1990) (internal citation and quotation omitted). ", "Claim and issue preclusion serve to \"avoid[] unnecessary expense and vexation for parties, conserve[] judicial resources, and encourage[] reliance on judicial action.\" ", "Id.\nUnder the doctrine of issue preclusion, \"`[w]hen an issue of ultimate fact has once been determined by a valid and final judgment, that issue cannot again be litigated between the same parties in any future lawsuit.'\" ", "Botefuhr, 309 F.3d at 1282 (quoting Ashe v. Swenson, 397 U.S. 436, 443, 90 S.Ct. ", "1189, 25 L.Ed.2d 469 (1970)).", "\nFour elements must be demonstrated in order to trigger issue preclusion: \"(1) the issue previously decided is identical with the one presented in the action in question, (2) the prior action has been fully adjudicated on the merits, (3) the party against whom the doctrine is invoked was a party, or in privity with a party, to the prior adjudication, and (4) the party against whom the doctrine is raised had a full and fair opportunity to litigate the issue in the prior action.\"", "\nId. at 1282 (quotations omitted).", "\nOn the other hand, \"claim preclusion applies when three elements exist: (1) a final judgment on the merits in an earlier action; (2) identity of the parties in the two suits; and (3) identity of the cause of action in both suits.\" ", "MACTEC, Inc. v. Gorelick, 427 F.3d 821, 831 (10th Cir.2005) (citations omitted). \"", "If these requirements are met, [claim preclusion] is appropriate unless the party seeking to avoid preclusion did not have a `full and fair opportunity' to litigate the claim in the prior suit.\" ", "Id. (quoting Yapp v. Excel Corp., 186 F.3d 1222, 1226 n. 4 (10th Cir. ", "1999)).", "\n*1331 Here, at least five of plaintiff's claims against three defendants are barred by claim preclusion. ", "In Medical Supply I, plaintiff brought suit against three of the same defendants as the instant case: US Bancorp NA, Piper Jaffray, and Andrew Cesare. ", "This court reached final judgment on the merits of each of plaintiff's claims in US Bancorp by dismissing each claim for failure to state a claim for which relief can be granted pursuant to Rule 12(b)(6). ", "See Medical Supply I, 2003 WL 21479192. ", "Moreover, the Tenth Circuit affirmed this court's dismissal. ", "See Medical Supply I, 112 Fed.", "Appx. (", "10th Cir. ", "2004). ", "The identical claims include Sherman Act § 1 claims, 15 U.S.C. § 1 (Counts I and II of the instant action), Sherman Act § 2 claims, 15 U.S.C. § 2 (Counts III and III), the Hobbs Act claims, 18 U.S.C. § 1951(b)(2) (Count XV), the USA PATROT Act claims, 31 U.S.C. § 5318 (Count XVI), as well as several state claims. ", "Finding that each of these claims (1) ended in a judgment on the merits in a prior case, (2) involved the many of the same defendants and (3) involved the same causes of action, the court finds that claim preclusion bars plaintiff's claims as to the identical defendants.[6]\n3. ", "Rule 8\nPlaintiffs complaint, as a whole, violates Federal Rules of Civil Procedure Rule 8(a) and 8(e)(1). ", "Rule 8(a) states: \"A pleading . . . ", "shall contain .. a short and plain statement of the claim showing that the pleader is entitled to relief.\" ", "Rule 8(e)(1) elaborates on the short and plain requirement in requiring each averment to be \"simple, concise, and direct.\" ", "Plaintiffs 115 page, 613 paragraph complaint falls miles from Rule 8's boundaries. ", "Pages seven through fifty of plaintiff's complaint are organized under the heading of \"The Relative Markets\" and consist of a multitude of unsupported, unauthenticated commentary about the healthcare industry in the United States. ", "These \"facts\" include quotes from President George W. Bush, U.S. Senate Committee hearing testimony, quotations from newspaper articles and study findings. ", "Also included is wholly irrelevant information such as paragraph eighty-eight, which seeks to educate the court about the number of deaths in 2003 resulting from the lack of affordable health insurance, as well as unsubstantiated and very weighty allegations, such as that \"defendants in combinations and or conspiracies with hospital suppliers, distributors and manufacturers caused hospitals to be overcharged $30,000,000,000.00 (thirty billion dollars) in 2002.\" (", "Compl., ", "at 11). ", "Pages fifty to eighty-four comprise a section entitled \"Events,\" which includes some background of this case and others, allegations regarding defendants and other third persons, caselaw, newspaper article quotations, and discussion about disciplinary complaints lodged against Mr. Landrith, to name a few. ", "The \"Claims for Relief' section starts on page eighty-six, and continues in the same style. ", "For instance, the discussion of plaintiffs first count spans eleven pages, excluding the fact that plaintiff begins each count by realleging all previous paragraphs. ", "In sum, plaintiff's complaint is so exceptionally verbose and cryptic that dismissal is appropriate.", "\nAlthough the short and plain requirement of Rule 8 is a low burden, several courts have dismissed complaints like plaintiff's. ", "See United States el rel. ", "Garst *1332 v. Lockheed-Martin Corp., 328 F.3d 374, 378-79 (7th Cir.2003) (affirming dismissal of plaintiff's 155 page, 400 paragraph complaint, holding that \"[l]ength may make a complaint unintelligible, by scattering and concealing in a morass of irrelevancies the few allegations that matter\") (citing In re Westinghouse Sec. ", "Litig., ", "90 F.3d 696, 702-03 (3d Cir.1996) (240 pages, 600 paragraphs); Kuehl v. FDIC, 8 F.3d 905, 908-09 (1st Cir.1993) (43 pages, 358 paragraphs), Michaelis v. Neb. State Bar Assoc., ", "717 F.2d 437, 439 (8th Cir.1983) (98 pages, 144 paragraphs)).", "\nThe court is unwilling to allow plaintiff to amend its complaint for three reasons. ", "First, for reasons explained more fully below, the court believes amendment would be futile. ", "Second, before requesting sanctions against plaintiff, two groups of defendants gave plaintiff at least twenty-one days notice pursuant to Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 11(c)(1)(A). ", "After receiving such notice, plaintiff chose not to withdraw or amend its complaint. ", "Therefore, any additional opportunity is not necessary. ", "Third, the author of the complaint is plaintiff's original counsel, Mr. Landrith. ", "Mr. Hawver recently entered his appearance on behalf of plaintiff, but has chosen not to amend the complaint in this case. ", "Thus, Mr. Hawver has chosen to step into the shoes of Mr. Landrith and adopt the complaint as his own.", "\nD. Defendants' Requests for Sanctions (Docs. ", "22 and 36)\nTwo groups of defendants filed two separate motions for sanctions against plaintiff and plaintiffs counsel. ", "Defendants argue that sanctions are warranted pursuant to Federal Civil Procedure Rule 11 and 28 U.S.C. § 1927 in light of plaintiff's decision to disregard previous admonitions from this court and the Tenth Circuit. ", "Defendants also contend that plaintiff and its counsel filed the instant lawsuit unnecessarily to harass and annoy defendants with frivolous and costly litigation.", "\nFederal Rule of Civil Procedure 11(b) states that by filing a pleading, an attorney is certifying that the information contained in the motion,\n(1) it is not being presented for any improper purpose, such as to harass or to cause unnecessary delay or needless increase in the cost of litigation;\n(2) the claims, defenses, and other legal contentions therein are warranted by existing law or by a nonfrivolous argument for the extension, modification, or reversal of existing law or the establishment of new law;\n(3) the allegations and other factual contentions have evidentiary support or, if specifically so identified, are likely to have evidentiary support after a reasonable opportunity for further investigation or discovery; and\n(4) the denials of factual contentions are warranted on the evidence or, if specifically so identified, are reasonably based on a lack of information or belief.", "\nViolation of these requirements will result in sanctions imposed by the court. ", "Fed. ", "R.Civ.", "P. 11(c); see Griffin v. City of Okla. City, 3 F.3d 336, 342 (10th Cir.1993) (\"Rule 11 requires the district court to impose sanctions if a document is signed in violation of the Rule.\"). ", "The standard for Rule 11 sanctions is an objective one. ", "See White v. Gen. Motors Corp., 908 F.2d 675, 680 (10th Cir.1990) (\"A good faith belief in the merit of an argument is not sufficient; the attorney's belief must also be in accord with what a reasonable, competent attorney would believe under the circumstances.\"). ", "Likewise, subjective bad faith is not required to trigger Rule 11 sanctions. ", "Burkhart ex rel. ", "Meeks v. Kinsley Bank, 804 F.2d 588, 589 (10th Cir.1986).", "\n*1333 Section 1927 provides that \"[a]ny attorney . . . ", "who so multiplies the proceedings in any case unreasonably and vexatiously may be required by the court to satisfy personally the excess costs, expenses, and attorneys' fees reasonably incurred because of such conduct.\" ", "28 U.S.C. § 1927. ", "Sanctions may be imposed under § 1927 \"for conduct that, viewed objectively, manifests either intentional or reckless disregard of the attorney's duties to the court.\" ", "Braley v. Campbell, 832 F.2d 1504, 1512 (10th Cir.1987). ", "Like Rule 11, the court must apply an objective standard, and subjective bad faith is not a necessary showing for application of § 1927 sanctions. ", "Because § 1927 is penal in nature, an award should only be made \"`in instances evidencing a serious and standard disregard for the orderly process of justice\"' and the court must be aware of the \"need to ensure that the statute does not dampen attorneys' zealous representation of their clients' interests.\" ", "Ford Audio Video Sys., ", "Inc. v. AMX Corp., Inc., 1998 WL 658386, at *3 (10th Cir. ", "Sept.15, 1998) (quoting Dreiling v. Peugeot Motors of Am., ", "Inc., 768 F.2d 1159, 1165 (10th Cir.1985) (internal quotations omitted)).", "\nThe court notes that, pursuant to Rule 11(c)(1)(A), both groups of defendants requesting sanctions gave plaintiff at least twenty-one days notice before filing their motions for sanctions. \"", "The basic requirements of due process with respect to the assessment of costs, expenses, or attorney's fees are notice that such sanctions are being considered by the court and a subsequent opportunity to respond.\" ", "Braley, at 1514. ", "Plaintiff responded to defendants' motions by arguing that claim and issue preclusion do not bar plaintiffs claims, and that defendants violated Rule 11 and § 1927 by requesting sanctions. ", "Plaintiff chose not to withdraw or amend its complaint.", "\nThe court finds that sanctions against plaintiff in the form of attorney fees and costs are appropriate and necessary pursuant to both Rule 11 and § 1927 for four reasons. ", "First, the mere fact that plaintiff filed a nearly unintelligible 115 page complaint, which the court already found violates Rule 8, suggests that plaintiffs complaint, and the instant suit as a whole, was brought for the purpose of harassing defendants or the court, causing unnecessary delay and/or needlessly increasing the cost of litigation in violation of Rule 11(b)(1). ", "Second, as discussed above, not one of plaintiffs federal claims supports a viable claim for which relief can be granted pursuant to Rule 12(b)(6). ", "As such, plaintiffs complaint consists of frivolous claims in violation of Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 11(b)(2). ", "Moreover, each of plaintiffs federal claims lack the evidentiary support needed to avoid violating Rule 11(b)(3). ", "Third, plaintiffs insistence on re-litigating claims barred by claim preclusion \"unreasonably and vexatiously\" \"multiplies the proceedings\" in violation of § 1927.", "\nFourth, and most importantly, plaintiff failed to heed the court's previous admonitions and sanctions, choosing instead to proceed with the instant suit and attempt another bite at the proverbial apple. ", "Plaintiffs previous two claims in this court were dismissed for failure to state a claim pursuant to Rule 12(b)(6). ", "Medical Supply I, 2003 WL 21479192, at *9; Medical Supply II, 2004 WL 956100, at *5. ", "In Medical Supply I, the undersigned judge advised plaintiffs counsel to \"take greater care in ensuring that the claims he brings on his clients' behalf are supported by the law and the facts.\" ", "Id. at *6. ", "In the same Order, the undersigned judged found plaintiffs allegations \"completely divorced from rational thought.\" ", "Id. at *8. ", "In Medical Supply II, the undersigned judge noted that \"at the most fundamental level, *1334 plaintiffs antitrust claims fail.\" ", "2004 WL 956100, at *3.", "\nBoth prior dismissals were affirmed by the Tenth Circuit. ", "Medical Supply I, 112 Fed. ", "Appx. ", "at 731-32; Medical Supply II, 144 Fed. ", "Appx. ", "at 716. ", "In Medical Supply I, the Tenth Circuit ordered plaintiff to show cause why sanctions should not be imposed. ", "112 Fed.", "Appx. ", "at 731-32. ", "The undersigned judge imposed attorney fees totaling $23,956 and double costs as a sanction against Mr. Landrith. ", "Medical Supply I, 2005 WL 2122675, at *1. ", "In Medical Supply II, the Tenth Circuit reversed and remanded on the issue of sanctions against plaintiff, and the issue of sanctions remains pending. ", "144 Fed. ", "Appx. ", "at 716\nPlaintiff and its counsel have had plenty of warning about filing frivolous claims from both this court and the Tenth Circuit. ", "But plaintiff persisted, filing a third lawsuit against many of the same defendants and alleging many of the same claims. ", "Enough is enough. ", "See Brooks v. Couchman, 2006 WL 137415, at *1 (10th Cir. ", "Jan.19, 2006) (affirming the district court's dismissal of plaintiffs third attempt at the same argument, stating that \"we have expended valuable court resources on at least two occasions dealing with [plaintiff] and his various meritless theories. ", "We repeat our sentiment . ", "`We will spend no more judicial time or resources addressing his frivolous claims.'\" (", "internal citation omitted)); Sweeney v. Resolution Trust Corp., 16 F.3d 1, 6-7 (1st Cir.1994) (finding that the district court did not abuse its discretion in imposing sanctions on plaintiffs for filing a third and \"repetitive\" motion to remand when the court had previously denied two \"almost identical motions and made detailed findings of fact\").", "\nThe court may impose sanctions against plaintiff, plaintiffs counsel, or against both with joint and several liability. ", "White, 908 F.2d at 685-86. ", "However, \"the sanctioning of a party requires specific findings that the party was aware of the wrongdoing.\" ", "Id. at 685 (citations omitted); Barrett v. Tallon, 30 F.3d 1296, 1303 (10th Cir.1994) (\"Thus, in the case of a frivolously pleaded RICO claim, it seems that the court should sanction the responsible attorneys rather than the plaintiffs, unless it finds that the plaintiffs insisted, against the advice of counsel, that the RICO claim be asserted, or that the plaintiffs had a sufficient understanding of the nature, elements, and limitations of the attempted RICO claim to independently evaluate its applicability to the alleged facts.\").", "\nCertainly plaintiffs former counsel, Bret D. Landrith, is culpable. ", "Mr. Landrith was the attorney of record when each of the sanctionable motions were filed, and Mr. Landrith signed and authored the complaint and each of the motions before the court. ", "Nonetheless, sanctions against plaintiff are also appropriate for two reasons. ", "First, plaintiffs CEO and sole shareholder, Samuel Lipari, takes responsibility for the decisions to knowingly bring the instant lawsuit after the result of plaintiffs previous attempts at litigation. ", "For instance, Mr. Lipari's affidavit, entitled \"Affidavit of Sam Lipari on The Unsuitability of Transfer,\" states:\nI chose to bring this new action in Missouri District court because I have a responsibility to Medical Supply's stakeholders . . . ", "to adjudicate these claims. ", "I brought two earlier and related actions to Kansas District court based on the advice of my counsel. ", "I have witnessed first hand that no decision or outcome in either case including from the Tenth Circuit Court of Appeals had any relationship to the pleadings of my company or applicable law. ", "I make this determination based on my considerable personal experience as a clerk and researcher *1335 for a Missouri legal firm and upon discussion with what I believe are the foremost healthcare antitrust authorities in our nation.", "\n(Doc. ", "30, exh. ", "1). ", "Mr. Lipari's affidavit continues with a litany of conspiracy theories involving defendants, this court, and other government agencies and employees. ", "Significantly, however, Mr. Lipari's affidavit also discusses numerous instances when he actively participated in prior and current litigation. ", "Mr. Lipari's affidavit also discusses attending one of Mr. Landrith's disciplinary conferences. ", "Thus, Mr. Lipari was well-aware of the legal arguments and allegations being brought by his attorney, as well as the disciplinary allegations against Mr. Landrith prior to his disbarment. ", "Even so, plaintiff chose to continue vigorously litigating the instant case. ", "Second, after Mr. Landrith was disbarred, plaintiff chose to retain new counsel and continue litigating this case. ", "Therefore, sanctioning plaintiff as well as Mr. Landrith serves to deter both from future frivolous filings.", "\nIn sum, the court finds that defendants' reasonable attorney fees and costs against plaintiff and Mr. Landrith jointly and severally is the minimum amount of sanctions necessary to \"adequately deter the undesirable behavior.\" ", "White v. Gen. Motors, 977 F.2d 499, 502 (10th Cir.1992) (internal quotations and citations omitted).", "\nE. Plaintiffs Motion for Clarification of Order in Case No. ", "03-2324 (Doc. ", "45)\nPlaintiffs motion for clarification seems to request this court to clarify its ruling in a separate case, case number 03-2324, which found that plaintiff's request to consolidate case number 03-2324 with the instant case is moot. ", "Case number 03-2324 was closed as of February 13, 2004, with attorney fees the only remaining issue. ", "The court need not address this motion for two reasons. ", "First, plaintiff has previously requested the court to \"clarify\" its decision in case number 03-2324, and the court found plaintiffs request moot in light of the posture of the case. ", "Second, plaintiffs instant case will soon be closed, as the instant Memorandum and Order's holdings dismiss plaintiffs entire complaint. ", "Therefore, the issue of whether to consolidate two closed cases is a moot one.", "\nIT IS THEREFORE ORDERED that defendant Robert Zollars' Motion to Dismiss for Lack of Personal Jurisdiction (Doc. ", "2); Defendant Neoforma, Inc.'s Motion to Dismiss, [sic] Complaint, or Alternatively to Require Amendment, Pursuant to F.R.C.P. Rules 8 and 9 (Doc. ", "4); Defendants U.S. Bancorp, U.S. Bank National Association, Piper Jaffray Companies, Jerry A. Grundhofer, Andrew Cesare and Andrew S. Duffs' Motion to Transfer, Dismiss and/or Strike (Doc. ", "6); Defendants Curt Nonomaque and Robert Baker's Motion to Dismiss Plaintiffs Complaint for Lack of Personal Jurisdiction and for Failure to State a Claim (Doc. ", "11); Defendant Shughart Thomson & Kilroy, P.C.'s Motion to Transfer, Dismiss and/or Strike (Doc. ", "13); Defendants U.S. Bancorp, U.S. Bank National Association, Piper Jaffray Companies, Jerry A. Grundhofer, Andrew Cesare and Andrew S. Duffs' Renewed Motion to Dismiss and/or Strike (Doc. ", "32); and Novation, LLC, VHA Inc., University Healthsystem Consortium, Robert Baker and Curt Nonomaque's Renewed Motion to Dismiss Complaint for Failure to State a Claim (Doc. ", "34) are granted. ", "Plaintiffs case is hereby dismissed.", "\nIT IS FURTHER ORDERED that defendants U.S. Bancorp, U.S. Bank National Association, Piper Jaffray Companies, Jerry A. Grundhofer, Andrew Cesare and Andrew S. Duffs' Motion for Sanctions (Doc. ", "22), and Novation, LLC, VHA Inc., University Healthsystem Consortium, Robert Baker and Curt Nonomaque's Mo *1336 tion for Sanctions (Doc. ", "36) are granted. ", "Plaintiff and Mr. Bret D. Landrith are hereby jointly and severally sanctioned in the amount of defendants' reasonable attorney fees and costs. ", "Defendants shall submit an accounting of their attorney fees and costs within twenty (20) days of this Memorandum and Order.", "\nIT IS FURTHER ORDERED that plaintiffs Motion for Reconsideration of Order Transferring Venue (Doc. ", "28); plaintiffs Motion to Strike Defendants' Renewed Motion to Dismiss and/or Strike (Doc. ", "38); plaintiffs Motion to Strike Novation Defendants' Renewed Motion to Dismiss (Doc. ", "43); and plaintiffs Motion for Clarification of Order in Case No. ", "03-2324 (Doc. ", "45) are denied.", "\nIT IS FURTHER ORDERED that Defendants' Motion to Stay Rule 26(f) Conference and Discovery (Doc. ", "24); plaintiffs Motion to Consolidate Under Rule 42 (Doc. ", "39); plaintiffs Motion to Require Consolidation Arguments to be in the Form of Pleadings on the Record and Notice of Threat of Unlawful Sanctions (Doc. ", "42); First Plaintiffs Motion for Partial Summary Judgment Under F.R. Civ. ", "P. Local Rule 56.1 (Doc. ", "46); plaintiffs Motion for Leave to Join Additional Defendants Under Fed.", "R.Civ.", "P. 29(a) (Doc. ", "49); plaintiffs Motion to Substitute Plaintiff Under F.R.C.P. Rules [sic] 17(a), 15(a) and 25(a) (Doc. ", "56); plaintiffs Motion to Substitute Defendant Under F.R.C.P. Rules [sic] 17(a) (Doc. ", "57); and Novation, LLC, VHA Inc., University Healthsystem Consortium, Robert Baker and Curt Nonomaque's Motion to Set Oral Hearing on Motion to Dismiss (Doc. ", "76) are denied as moot.", "\nSO ORDERED.", "\nNOTES\n[1] Throughout the docket sheet, this defendant's last name was spelled numerous different ways. ", "The court will use \"Cesare,\" the spelling most often used by plaintiff's counsel.", "\n[2] Plaintiff's complaint names \"Shughart Thomson & Kilroy Watkins Boulware, P.C.\" but the law firm's correct name is \"Shughart Thomson & Kilroy, P.C.\".", "\n[3] Plaintiff asserts subject matter jurisdiction under the Declaratory Judgment Act, but did not assert any claims against any defendants under that act.", "\n[4] For convenience and clarity, the court has copied plaintiff's summary of claims in its entirety, and did not designate any mistakes or typographical errors in the language.", "\n[5] Although the court limited its analysis to Rule 12(b)(6), claim preclusion and Rule 8, the court does not intend to imply that defendants' additional grounds for dismissal are without merit. ", "Rather, three separate grounds for dismissal are sufficient, and the court declines to continue its analysis.", "\n[6] The court is confident that several of plaintiff's instant claims, to the extend that the court understands them, are also precluded by issue preclusion. ", "However, because the court has several other grounds on which to base dismissal of plaintiff's claims, the court opts to not wade through the details of plaintiff's claims looking for previously-litigated issues.", "\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "FreeLaw" }

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[ "Free Catalog\n\nThe Congresses\n\nThe Congresses\n\nL. Ron Hubbard’s quest to answer the riddles of Man encompassed over three decades of investigation to the discovery of the Reactive Mind and the publication of Dianetics: The Modern Science of Mental Health.", "\n\nYet if that path of research to May 1950 had been extensive, the subsequent decades were fully unrelenting.", "\n\nFirst, catering to a wildfire movement sparked overnight in the aftermath of Book One, Mr. Hubbard had case after case with which to work—providing him the vast diversity of human existence in all its glory, degradation and complexity. ", "And in this manner, continuing to instruct auditor courses while also personally working those individual cases, came a steady advancement of breakthroughs, beginning with the discovery of theta…opening the curtain to past lives…and with even more startling revelations contained in that whole track of existence, the discovery of life energy…the potentials of a being as an Operating Thetan…the means to exteriorization…and through it all and in just four years…the complete evolution of the subject from Dianetics to Scientology.", "\n\nBut, as L. Ron Hubbard said, in seeking full application to others, his task was then to undercut the current level of Man. ", "Specifically, having isolated the fundamental laws and axioms of Scientology, he had the basis for all future research in the codification of materials and processes to make the attainment of their full potentials available to every being.", "\n\nAnd so it was that while continuing to work with auditors, instructing them in Advanced Clinical Courses (ACCs) and Professional Courses, his discoveries were recorded in more than 3,000 lectures which, step-by-step and in their entirety, provide the grand panorama of understanding the human mind and secrets of life that is Scientology today.", "\n\nYet also contained within that chronology of consecutive developments are milestones, breakthroughs of such major significance they formed the next giant leap in building the Bridge for all to travel. ", "Those milestones, those giant leaps, are precisely what are found in Mr. Hubbard’s Congress Lectures.", "\n\nAnd now, for the first time, they are all available to you.", "\n\nWhen it comes to “being there with Ron,” there is nothing closer than hearing his Congress Lectures. ", "And that is precisely what he intended when he first presented them. ", "For well in excess of his training lectures to auditors in the course of daily instruction, Congresses were a much rarer affair—every one an event in itself!", "\n\nTypically held twice a year, most often in London and Washington, DC, yet also in such diverse locales as Phoenix, Melbourne and Johannesburg, Congresses were attended by those from all over the world: auditors and preclears, Scientologists new and old, and even their non-Scientologist friends—everyone was welcome.", "\n\nAnd what they heard were his announcements of the latest breakthroughs and developments, each one opening a new gate to personal freedom and ability and placing the next major block in building the Bridge we have today.", "\n\nEvery series contains a complete body of Dianetics or Scientology technology, detailing both its use in auditing and its application across all parts of life to the creation of a new civilization. ", "In that regard, Congress Lectures contain Mr. Hubbard’s programs to be applied by every Scientologist in their own zone of activity and which, as a combined whole, form the vital elements to clear the planet.", "\n\nBut most of all, these lectures are for your personal gain and progress. ", "For here are the traps unlocked, one by one, and the knowledge to stay free of them forever. ", "That’s why Congresses are the lectures to be heard by every Scientologist.", "\n\nWhile each Congress encompasses its own subject and can be heard by itself without prior study, a chronological study has the benefit of allowing you to see how the subject progressed and which are the highest levels of development.", "\n\nBut no matter which Congress you listen to next, you will want them all. ", "For L. Ron Hubbard’s Congress Lectures contain far more than the watershed advances that built The Bridge to Total Freedom. ", "There’s also that special air of something more. ", "It’s what Scientologists speak of when trying to describe the unique feeling one gets just from listening to him. ", "Where the complete experience far transcends even the magnificent data itself. ", "All of which is to say, the very essence of what millions have come to know and love as “Ron’s lectures”—those are the Congresses." ]

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[ "1. ", "Field of the Invention\nThe present invention generally relates to surgical instruments and, more particularly, to surgical stapling instruments and staples for use therewith.", "\n2. ", "Description of Related Art\nSurgical staplers can be used during a variety of surgical techniques. ", "During at least one surgical technique, a surgical stapler can be inserted through a cannula, or tube, positioned within a small incision in a patient's body. ", "These surgical techniques are referred to as endoscopic and/or laparoscopic surgical techniques and are often preferred over traditional, or open, surgical techniques as they can reduce the recovery time of the patient. ", "Surgical staplers used during such techniques often include an end effector which can be used to achieve a variety of diagnostic and/or therapeutic effects. ", "In various embodiments, such surgical staplers can include an end effector that can incise soft tissue and insert staples into the soft tissue on opposing sides of the incision. ", "In at least one embodiment, the end effector can include a pair of cooperating jaw members that can be passed through the cannula where one of the jaw members can include a staple cartridge and the other jaw member can include an anvil. ", "In at least one such embodiment, the staple cartridge can be configured to deploy at least two rows of staples into the tissue and the anvil can include staple-forming pockets which can be configured to deform the staples as they are deployed.", "\nSome surgical staplers, such as those described in U.S. Pat. ", "No. ", "5,465,895, entitled SURGICAL STAPLER INSTRUMENT, issued on Nov. 14, 1995, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference herein, can include an end effector having a cutting member and staple driver, for example, where the cutting member and staple driver can be moved along a linear, curved, and/or curvilinear path within the end effector. ", "Such surgical staplers are often referred to as endocutters and can be utilized during gastric bypass surgical techniques in which the size of a patient's stomach can be reduced, for example. ", "One of the most common gastric bypass surgical techniques is a Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. ", "In such a technique, the stomach can be transected into at least two portions where one of the portions can be formed into a small pouch which can be connected directly to a middle portion of the patient's small intestine, i.e., the jejunum. ", "In various circumstances, the endocutter can be used to cut the stomach along a desired path and deploy staples into the stomach tissue in order to hold the stomach tissue together. ", "As a result of the above-described technique, food passing through the digestive tract can bypass the other transected portion of the stomach and an upper portion of the small intestine, i.e., the duodenum.", "\nOther surgical staplers, such as intra-luminal, or circular, staplers, for example, have been developed to assist a surgeon during a surgical technique known as an anastomosis. ", "An anastomosis is a surgical technique in which a small and/or large intestine is transected, a portion thereof is excised, and the remaining portions are joined together. ", "This technique often requires a surgeon to transect the small intestine, for example, at two locations creating a first end, a second end, and an intermediate portion. ", "Thereafter, the intermediate portion can be removed and the first and second ends can be positioned adjacent to each other. ", "In order to join the first and second ends, the first and second ends can be positioned within an intra-luminal, or circular, stapler such that staples can be deployed into the first and second ends around the perimeter thereof to hold the first and second ends together. ", "Such staplers are disclosed in U.S. Pat. ", "No. ", "5,104,025, entitled INTRALUMINAL ANASTOMOTIC SURGICAL STAPLER WITH DETACHED ANVIL, issued on Apr. 14, 1992, and U.S. Pat. ", "No. ", "5,309,927, entitled CIRCULAR STAPLER TISSUE RETENTION SPRING METHOD, issued on May 10, 1994, the disclosures of which are hereby incorporated by reference herein." ]

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[ "\"Powerful rulers of old pursued the spirit of the forest, not because they expected to kill it, but because it led them, in the joy of the chase, to new and bountiful adventures. ", "The spirit saw the wealth and opulence these rulers brought to the world and decided he would remain in their service as a flesh and blood creature forever forsaking his spirit form.", "\n\nAlas, the spirit grew tired of the kings, for they had lost their passion for adventure and no longer served the world, only their own needs. ", "So the spirit receded into this sanctuary to await the coming of new power, in hopes he may once again witness true greatness. ", "It is rumored he who controls the 'call of the wild' may summon the spirit to aid them in their hour of need.\"", "\n\n--Legend of the Spirit of the Forest\n\nImmersive horses\n\nHorse Renewal\n\nJoy of Perspective\n\n****Overview****Quenya, Spirit of the Forest is a UNIQUE custom built ride-able Mount. ", "Quenya is very Lore friendly and runs seamlessly in game, I tried for MAX stability and compatibility as I run a very heavily modded game and I of course wanted to use my own mod ;-). ", "I hand made all the meshes; I used Original Skyrim resources and changed them to fit my own vision of a regal white stag mount, worthy of the Dovahkiin. ", "I hope you enjoy!!*******How it works********Quenya is a mount that you can summon from an alter I placed in Eldergleam Sanctuary, the Alter is called 'Horn of the Wilds' and is very easy to see, I placed it on the little mountain right near where all the people gather, where all the steam pyres are. ", "Once you Activate the Alter, Quenya will now follow you and be your Steed. ", "If you do not have a mod to manage horses (Convenient Horses, Immersive Horses etc.), ", "he will simply continue to follow you until he is deactivated via the same altar. ", "Quenya without a horse mod works perfectly as a mount, he will fast travel with you and does not have the ability to go through doors so he will remain outside, he will Run from battle and is Essential.", "Quenya works GREAT with Immersive Horses!!! ", "With Immersive Horses he will wait, can be summoned via the spell, follow etc, he gains ALL the traits that the horses get when using it. ", "You can even change ownership so your followers can ride him if that is what you wish, as well as change his name, although the Altar will still refer to him as Quenya. ", "The ONLY command that does not work from Immersive Horses is the Dismiss/Abandon Command, he can ONLY be dismissed by going back to the Altar and activating again.", "I Have uploaded some videos to go with this mod, check them out on the \"VIDEOS\" tab, Sorry for my jumpy mouse controls lol I should probably have turned down the sensitivity.*******How to Install*******The mod is in 7zip form, you can manually install by extracting to the Data folder, however every modder SHOULD be using a mod manager (NMM, or MO) so I recommend using those. ", "It does not matter if you have already been to/discovered Eldergleam, I was able to install it in the middle of my heavily modded game and had absolutely no problems. ", "I would recommend using LOOT for load order, this mod doesn't have a specific place it needs to be, however.---***---I will note that if you have a mod that significantly changes the layout of Eldergleam Sanctuary, you can still install the mod but it may result in a floating/sunken altar etc. ", "I would at least try to install and see if the Altar is still visible, because as long as it is, you can use the mod.******Known Wierdness-es??*****-Well, since I did not want him to be able to go through doors but I wanted him to spawn in Eldergleam Sanctuary due to his lore, you will have to fast travel or summon him with your horse mod at least once upon leaving Eldergleam Sanctuary.-The Saddle clips a bit with the players knees/leg when riding, I tried my absolute best to fix this, and made it much better but it's still there :-(.-Sometimes, if you mount him in the middle of his animation, he will not go until it is finished, I just consider it in his nature not to immediately obey XD.-You can technically mount him from anywhere on his body, but I did not want to have the game run yet another script to teleport you to the correct 'jumping on' spot, so if you do activate him from a weird spot you may hover for a second while you \"mount\" and then snap into the correct place, I avoid this by ALWAYS mounting from the left side (as you would a real horse).-One last thing...I don't know why, but Bethesda made it so Deer don't jump in the game, So therefore Quenya does not jump, he climbs over stuff perfectly fine but no jumping lol. ", "Also his turning radius is a bit wider than a horse so he needs a bit more space to turn around (the horns get in the way??)*******Recommended Mods******1) Definitely, this mod works great with it :-) http://www.nexusmods.com/skyrim/mods/64067/? ", "2), specifically the horse and rider standalone animations, this mod was tweaked juuuust right to work with those animations because I feel they are MUCH better than vanilla, its a simple replacer and doesn't even require FNIS to generate but it does require physics extension. ", "Quenya still looks ok with original animations, just not as perfect. ", "http:// www.nexusmods.com/skyrim/mods/54908/?tab=1&navtag=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nexusmods.com%2Fskyrim%2Fajax%2Fmoddescription%2F%3Fid%3D54908%26preview%3D&pUp=1 3)a GREAT mod that lets you ride in first person which is so immersive http://www.nexusmods.com/skyrim/mods/6002/? *******", "THANK YOU'S and Resources********I had SOOO much fun making this mod, this was my first experience using 3D modeling software and I was surprised to find how enjoyable it was to create things with it. ", "I used 3DS MAX as my modeling software, Nifskope for the nifs, and GIMP for my textures.--Open book free modding resource http://www.nexusmods.com/skyrim/mods/14134/? ", "--A Huge shout out as always goes out to Darkfox127 and his modding community that he has set up via discord, I could NOT have done it without their help, specifically Xander9009 and Redd. ", "Find him on his website https://www.darkfox127.co.uk/resources where all of his resources and you tube videos are available!--Of Course I thank BETHESDA for their great game and giving us the utilities to continue to make it interesting year after year.--I have a couple more youtube videos that helped me rig a skeleton and figure out the Xmarker here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wWwBRB_TtwM&index=14&list=PL9-P3AGn3Q_zlbdELoOyb_rWOGrZj9mZ5 -Rigging skeleton (watch both videos, they're long but worth it) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UQvM520pyjo - Xmarkeractivation https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PPq0QF2vbBg&t=4s&index=9&list=PL9-P3AGn3Q_zlbdELoOyb_rWOGrZj9mZ5 - How to use 3DS max.****Permissions****I won't allow anyone to use any part of this mod without first notifying me, I will take requests on a case-by-case basis, thank you.", "ENJOY AND HAVE FUN!!--------------------------------------------------------------HER515-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------V2 includes the swim fix and speed changes that I promised. ", "He is not perfect still as far as turning radius but a LOT better IMO, the best way to turn sharply is still to either walk and turn or use a horse mod to trot and turn. ", "The swimming is more like running in water, I kind of like it that way anyway as it's a bit faster than normal swimming :-) So hopefully you guys will enjoy! ", "I am still not able to add jumping as a feature at this moment, sorry! ", "Just uninstall old mod and install new version, you shouldn't have to run back to re-activate him or anything, I would be safe and take his inventory however, let me know if there are any issues thanks!!-Her515" ]

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[ "1. ", "Field of the Invention\nThe present invention relates to a method for quantitatively dividing a zigzag folded sheet of paper and also to an apparatus for carrying out the method.", "\n2. ", "Description of the Prior Art\nA sheet of paper folded in a zigzagged form is used such as output displaying paper of a computer, for example. ", "This kind of paper has a plurality of linear perforations formed therein in the direction of its width and disposed at regular intervals in its lengthwise direction, and is required to be continuously folded at the positions of the linear perforations so that the divisions formed between the adjacent linear perforations are successively piled up one on top of another is a zigzagged form and to be divided by cutting off the folds into units each composed of a prescribed number of divisions.", "\nThe step of continuously folding a sheet of paper to allow the divisions to be piled up one on top of another in a zigzagged form has already been mechanically automatically carried out. ", "However, the step of dividing the folded and piled sheet into units each composed of a prescribed number of divisions by cutting treatment has been effected separately. ", "In order to obtain the aforementioned units, therefore, it has heretofore been required to count a prescribed number of divisions constituting a unit and divide the sheet into a number of units after the folding step and to longitudinally accumulate the units so that the folds may be in alignment with one another. ", "Thus, the conventional work for quantitative dividing requires much time and labor and is very inefficient." ]

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[ "Q:\n\nHow can I be sure that libssl-dev includes headers from libssl 0.9.8 instead of libssl 1.0?", "\n\nI'm migrating a development environment from Ubuntu 10.04 to Ubuntu 12.04. ", "An issue is that lib openssl has been upgraded from version 0.9.8 to 1.xxx.", "\nI got a lot of useful tips from other questions but now I'm not sure my final version is really correct or not.", "\nI am using an SDK which has the following content\n\nsome dynamic libraries which requires explicitly the version 0.9.8 of the library (else I get an error message at runtime)\nsome headers requiring include of openssl/x509.h and openssl/evp.h\n\nWhat I did:\n\napt-get install libssl-dev (created the headers under /usr/include/openssl/) \napt-get install libssl0.9.8 (to have this version of the library).", "\n\n==> Everything seems to work just fine.", "\nBUT I am afraid that the includes I got through the libssl-dev are the ones of the 1.0 versions and they could mess up with my code running with the 0.9.8 version.", "\nIs my current environment correct or should I do something else (like somehow getting the headers of the 0.9.8 version)?", "\n\nA:\n\nlibssl-dev includes the 1.0 header files, there are no Ubuntu-provided development packages for 0.9.8. ", "If I had to use 0.9.8, I'd probably just compile it myself and install to /usr/local. ", "\n\n" ]

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[ "Pentacitrotus\n\nPentacitrotus is a genus of moths belonging to the subfamily Tortricinae of the family Tortricidae.", "\n\nSpecies\nPentacitrotus leechi Diakonoff sensu Diakonoff, 1950, 1970\nPentacitrotus maculatus Kawabe, 1993\nPentacitrotus quercivorus Diakonoff, 1950\nPentacitrotus tetrakore (Wileman & Stringer, 1929)\nPentacitrotus vulneratus Butler, 1881\n\nSee also\nList of Tortricidae genera\n\nReferences\n\n , 2005: World catalogue of insects volume 5 Tortricidae.", "\n , 1881, Illust. ", "typical Specimens Lepid. ", "Heterocera Colln. ", "Br. ", "Mus. ", "5: 35.", "\n , 1993: Descriptions of two new species of the Ceracini (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae). ", "Tyô to Ga, 44 (3): 97-100. ", "Abstract and full article: .", "\n\nExternal links\ntortricidae.com\n\nCategory:Ceracini\nCategory:Tortricidae genera" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }

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[ "> > 3) Require that no more than one H1 be present, that is,\n> > one and only one H1 must be present\n>\n> I think that a web page should start with a H1 heading and that\n> one and only one H1 heading should be present on the same page.", "\nI disagree since a hierarchy does not necessarily consist of only one part\nat its top (as in society, see executive boards or ancient triumvirates). --", "\nAnd otherwise, why should you then use more than one <h2 />, or more than\none <h3 /> element?", "\nJens.", "\n--\nJens Meiert\nInterface Architect (IxD)\nhttp://meiert.com/" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }

[ 0.0007815355202183127, 0.0006358462851494551, 0.0007143067196011543, 0.0008713370771147311, 0.00056900066556409 ]

[ "Fusobacterium necrophorum, a gram negative and rod-shaped anaerobe, is the primary etiologic agent of liver abscesses in ruminant animals, including cattle and sheep. ", "F. necrophorum strains are divided into two subspecies, subsp. ", "necrophorum (FNN) and subsp. ", "funduliforme (FNF). ", "In addition to liver abscesses, the organism is also the primary etiologic agent of foot rot, foot abscesses, calf diphtheria, and is frequently isolated from cases of mastitis, metritis, and necrotic lesions of the oral cavity. ", "It has also been recognized as a human pathogen since the late 1800s. ", "Antibiotics have been used in animal agriculture to treat and prevent fusobacterial infections.", "\nThe increasing concern over the use of antibiotics in food animals and its impact on rise of multidrug resistant bacteria has already led to the ban of certain antibiotics in animals. ", "The sub-therapeutic use (i.e., use in the absence of disease) for growth promotion is a practice that is becoming increasingly controversial, since it is implicated as increasing antibiotic resistance among pathogenic bacteria of animals and humans. ", "Additionally, there is a growing demand for natural and organic beef (requirements include cattle be raised without use of antibiotics in feed), which warrants effective vaccines as a method to prevent infections. ", "Accordingly, there is a need to develop an effective vaccine for the prevention of fusobacterial infections, particularly liver abscesses and foot rot.", "\nU.S. Pat. ", "Nos. ", "5,455,034, 5,492,694, and 5,861,162 describe leukotoxoid vaccines that immunize cattle and sheep against leukotoxin, an important virulence factor, released by F. necrophorum after it gains access into the ruminal wall and the liver. ", "While this vaccine reduces the severity and incidence of the disease (by up to 40%) it does not eliminate its occurrence. ", "Moreover, leukotoxoid and bacterin vaccines frequently contain lipopolysaccharides and other cellular derivatives that have side effects (fever, injection site abscesses, etc) and may impact feed-intake and weight gain.", "\nAccordingly, a need still exists for effective prevention and treatment of fusobacterial infections. ", "The present invention provides compositions and methods for effective prevention and treatement of fusobacterial infections." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds" }

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[ "Q:\n\nHow to get rid of body background color between div background images\n\nThere are white slivers between the div background images.", "\nScreen shot:\n\nCode:\n\nbody {\n color: white;\n font-family: monospace;\n font-size: 20px;\n text-align: center;\n}\nh1 {\n font-size: 100px;\n margin-left: auto;\n text-align: center;\n}\n.social-media img {\n height: 100px;\n width: 100px;\n border-radius: 40px;\n}\n#profile-pic {\n height: 250px;\n width: 250px;\n border-style: hidden;\n border-radius: 25px;\n}\n.albums img {\n height: 150px;\n width: 150px;\n}\n#intro {\n background-image: url(https://www.clipartsgram.com/image/533949003-dark-abstract-1920x1080-wallpaper-2.jpg);\n background-repeat:no-repeat;\n background-attachment:fixed;\n background-size:cover;\n background-position:center-top;\n background-position-x: 50%;\n background-position-y: 0%;\n}\n#portfolio {\n background-image: url(http://www.marcysalisbury.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/background-dark1.jpg);\n background-repeat:no-repeat;\n background-attachment:fixed;\n background-size:cover;\n background-position:center-top;\n background-position-x: 50%;\n background-position-y: 0%;\n}\n#entertainement {\n}\n.navbar .navbar-nav {\n display: inline-block;\n float: none;\n}\n.navbar .navbar-collapse {\n text-align: center;\n}\nhr {\n opacity: 0.5;\n}\n<div class=\"container-fluid\">\n<nav class=\"navbar navbar-inverse\">\n <div class=\"container-fluid\">\n </div>\n <ul class=\"nav navbar-nav\">\n <li class=\"active\"><a href=\"#\">Home</a></li>\n <li><a href=\"#portfolio\">Portfolio</a></li>\n <li><a href=\"#entertainement\">Entertainement</a></li> \n <li><a href=\"#contact\">Contact Me</a></li> \n </ul>\n </div>\n</nav>\n<div id=\"intro\">\n <h1 class=\"text-center\">My website</h1>\n <p>Bio:<br />bio line 1<br />bio line 2</p><br /><br /><br /><br />\n <img id=\"profile-pic\" src=\"#\" alt=\"profile pic\">\n <p><br /><br />follow me on social media</p>\n <div class=\"social-media\">\n <a href=\"#\" target=\"_blank\"><img src=\"https://assets-cdn.github.com/images/modules/logos_page/GitHub-Mark.png\" alt=\"github\"></a>\n <a href=\"#\" target=\"_blank\"><img src=\"http://3835642c2693476aa717-d4b78efce91b9730bcca725cf9bb0b37.r51.cf1.rackcdn.com/Instagram_App_Large_May2016_200.png\" alt=\"my instagram\"></a>\n <a href=\"#\" target=\"_blank\"><img src=\"https://oldschoolgameblog.files.wordpress.com/2016/06/steam-logo.png\" alt=\"my steam\"></a>\n <a href=\"#\" target=\"_blank\"><img src=\"https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/9892522?v=3&s=400\" alt=\"my yt\"></a>\n <a href=\"#\" target=\"_blank\"><img src=\"https://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/730090233849516032/dLWYa115.jpg\" alt=\"my backloggery\"></a>\n </div><br /> <hr />\n</div>\n<div id=\"portfolio\">\n <h2>My portfolio of nothing:</h2>\n <div class=\"albums\">\n <a href=\"#\" target=\"_blank\"><img src=\"#\" alt=\"\"></a><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />\n </div>\n</div>\n\nA:\n\nRemove margin from h2 and remove <hr> to remove space\nadd h2 {margin : 0} in your css\n\nbody {\r\n color: white;\r\n font-family: monospace;\r\n font-size: 20px;\r\n text-align: center;\r\n }\r\n h1 {\r\n font-size: 100px;\r\n margin-left: auto;\r\n text-align: center;\r\n }\r\n .social-media img {\r\n height: 100px;\r\n width: 100px;\r\n border-radius: 40px;\r\n }\r\n #profile-pic {\r\n height: 250px;\r\n width: 250px;\r\n border-style: hidden;\r\n border-radius: 25px;\r\n }\r\n .albums img {\r\n height: 150px;\r\n width: 150px;\r\n }\r\n#intro {\r\n background-image: url(https://www.clipartsgram.com/image/533949003-dark-abstract-1920x1080-wallpaper-2.jpg);\r\n background-repeat:no-repeat;\r\n background-attachment:fixed;\r\n background-size:cover;\r\n background-position:center-top;\r\n background-position-x: 50%;\r\n background-position-y: 0%;\r\n}\r\n#portfolio {\r\n background-image: url(http://www.marcysalisbury.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/background-dark1.jpg);\r\n background-repeat:no-repeat;\r\n background-attachment:fixed;\r\n background-size:cover;\r\n background-position:center-top;\r\n background-position-x: 50%;\r\n background-position-y: 0%;\r\n}\r\n#entertainement {\r\n}\r\n.navbar .navbar-nav {\r\n display: inline-block;\r\n float: none;\r\n}\r\n.navbar .navbar-collapse {\r\n text-align: center;\r\n}\r\nhr {\r\n opacity: 0.5;\r\n}\r\nh2 {\r\n margin: 0;\r\n}\n<div class=\"container-fluid\">\r\n<nav class=\"navbar navbar-inverse\">\r\n <div class=\"container-fluid\">\r\n </div>\r\n <ul class=\"nav navbar-nav\">\r\n <li class=\"active\"><a href=\"#\">Home</a></li>\r\n <li><a href=\"#portfolio\">Portfolio</a></li>\r\n <li><a href=\"#entertainement\">Entertainement</a></li> \r\n <li><a href=\"#contact\">Contact Me</a></li> \r\n </ul>\r\n </div>\r\n</nav>\r\n<div id=\"intro\">\r\n <h1 class=\"text-center\">My website</h1>\r\n <p>Bio:<br />bio line 1<br />bio line 2</p><br /><br /><br /><br />\r\n <img id=\"profile-pic\" src=\"#\" alt=\"profile pic\">\r\n <p><br /><br />follow me on social media</p>\r\n <div class=\"social-media\">\r\n <a href=\"#\" target=\"_blank\"><img src=\"https://assets-cdn.github.com/images/modules/logos_page/GitHub-Mark.png\" alt=\"github\"></a>\r\n <a href=\"#\" target=\"_blank\"><img src=\"http://3835642c2693476aa717-d4b78efce91b9730bcca725cf9bb0b37.r51.cf1.rackcdn.com/Instagram_App_Large_May2016_200.png\" alt=\"my instagram\"></a>\r\n <a href=\"#\" target=\"_blank\"><img src=\"https://oldschoolgameblog.files.wordpress.com/2016/06/steam-logo.png\" alt=\"my steam\"></a>\r\n <a href=\"#\" target=\"_blank\"><img src=\"https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/9892522?v=3&s=400\" alt=\"my yt\"></a>\r\n <a href=\"#\" target=\"_blank\"><img src=\"https://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/730090233849516032/dLWYa115.jpg\" alt=\"my backloggery\"></a>\r\n </div><br /> \r\n</div>\r\n<div id=\"portfolio\">\r\n <h2>My portfolio of nothing:</h2>\r\n <div class=\"albums\">\r\n <a href=\"#\" target=\"_blank\"><img src=\"#\" alt=\"\"></a><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />\r\n </div>\r\n</div>\n\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "StackExchange" }

[ 0.0007625027210451663, 0.0008679135353304446 ]

[ "Oligomeric state of αB-crystallin under crowded conditions.", "\nSmall heat shock proteins (sHsps) are molecular chaperones preventing protein aggregation. ", "Dynamics of quaternary structure plays an important role in the chaperone-like activity of sHsps. ", "However, an interrelation between the oligomeric state and chaperone-like activity of sHsps remains insufficiently characterized. ", "Most of the accumulated data were obtained in dilute protein solutions, leaving the question of the oligomeric state of sHsps in crowded intracellular media largely unanswered. ", "Here, we analyzed the effect of crowding on the oligomeric state of αB-crystallin (αB-Cr) using analytical ultracentrifugation. ", "Marked increase in the sedimentation coefficient of αB-Cr was observed in the presence of polyethylene glycol (PEG), polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) at 48 °C. ", "An especially pronounced effect was detected for the PEG and TMAO mixture, where the sedimentation coefficient (s20,w) of αB-Cr increased from 10.7 S in dilute solution up to 40.7 S in the presence of crowding agents. ", "In the PEG + TMAO mixture, addition of model protein substrate (muscle glycogen phosphorylase b) induced dissociation of large αB-Cr oligomers and formation of complexes with smaller sedimentation coefficients, supporting the idea that, under crowding conditions, protein substrates can promote dissociation of large αB-Cr oligomers." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }

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[ "It was Hitler’s boast that the Third Reich would last a thousand years. ", "Instead it lasted only twelve. ", "But into its short life was packed the most cataclysmic series of events that Western civilisation has ever known.", "\n\nWilliam Shirer is one of the very few historians to have gained full access to the secret German archives which the Allies captured intact. ", "He was also present at the Nuremberg trials. ", "This is his authoritative historical account of the years 1933–45, when the Nazis, under the rule of their despotic leader Adolf Hitler, ruled Germany. ", "They commandeered the Holocaust, one of the most shocking acts of evil in modern history, plunged the world into a second war, and changed the face of modern history and modern Europe forever.", "\n\nWilliam L. Shirer ranks as one of the greatest of all American foreign correspondents. ", "He lived and worked in Paris, Belin, Vienna, and Rome. ", "But it was above all as correspondent in Germany for the Chicago Tribune and later for the Columbia Broadcasting System in the late 1930s that his reputation was established. ", "He subsequently wrote The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich, which is hailed as a classic, and after World War Two he was awarded the Legion d'Honneur. ", "In the post-war years he wrote in a variety of fields, and in his seventies he learned Russian, publishing a biography of Tolstoy at the age of 89. ", "He died in 1994. ", "His Berlin broadcasts were published posthumously by Hutchinson in 1999." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }

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[ "Greater Egyptian Conference\n\nThe Greater Egyptian Conference is a high school athletic conference represented by 8 schools in the south-eastern portion of Illinois, US. ", "It is a member of the Illinois High School Association.", "\n\nThe conference offers championships for girls in basketball, softball, and volleyball. ", "In boys' sports, the GEC offers championships in baseball and basketball.", "\n\nCurrent members\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n. ", "Illinois High School Association (Illinois High School Association)\n\nCategory:Illinois high school sports conferences" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }

[ 0.0006751749315299094, 0.0007830156246200204, 0.0007756282575428486, 0.0011457152431830764, 0.0005643600015901029, 0.0006473627872765064 ]

[ "Makarov tells Mavis that he takes full responsibility for allowing enemies to trample on to their holy land and asks for her blessings to keep the young ones safe. ", "Later, he stands in the way of Grimoire Heart's airship in an enormous version of himself through his Giant Magic. ", "Six of the Seven Kin of Purgatory are aboard the airship and all of them are taken aback by Makarov's power. ", "Hades acknowledges Makarov as Makarov tells them to disappear.[2]\n\nCaprico escaping with the rest of Grimoire Heart\n\nMakarov hits the right side of their airship, but when he attempts to throw another blow, the ship increases its speed to dodge. ", "They fire the Magical Convergent Cannon: Jupiter at Makarov and he blocks it using his arms. ", "Ultear Milkovich restores the airship's form using Arc of Time, as Caprico takes the rest of the Seven Kin with him and flies out using his Jet Pack, by the order of Hades. ", "Makarov prepares to cast Fairy Law and gives the Dark Guild until the count of three.[3]\n\nBattle\n\nGrimoire Law\n\nAs Makarov is about to activate Fairy Law, Hades appears on top of the airship and tells him to not try it as he prepares to cast his own spell, Grimoire Law. ", "Hades informs him that that skill is a counter-spell and that it shouldn't be released so easily. ", "Makarov looks at him in utter shock as he realizes that Hades is, in fact, Precht, the second Master of Fairy Tail who passed on the title of Master to him.[4]\n\nMakarov struck down by Hades\n\nHades uses his Magic to create chains that are powerful enough to toss Makarov down into the ground. ", "Makarov reverts to his original form as he falls. ", "He regains his balance as Hades appears in front of him. ", "Makarov asks why he's in a Dark Guild, to which Hades replies that there are things in the world that cannot be directly expressed as good or evil. ", "When Makarov admits that he doesn't want to fight with him and that he should just leave, Hades tells him that it slightly pains his heart to have to crush Fairy Tail with his own hands.", "\n\nHades absorbing Makarov's Magic\n\nMakarov yells that he won't let him touch the guild. ", "He then sends beams of light towards Hades, but Hades' dark shield absorbs it and sends it back at Makarov. ", "In an instant, Hades is able to cast Amaterasu: Formula 28 that surrounds Makarov in a spherical shockwave. ", "Makarov negates this with a defensive seal of his own, however, Hades captures him with his chains and tosses him around the landscape, and later smashing him against the ground. ", "Makarov is soon surrounded by Amaterasu seals once more, and so he casts Three Pillar Gods.[5][6]\n\nThe explosion caused by Amaterasu Formula 100\n\nUnfortunately for Makarov, Hades' Amaterasu: Formula 100 renders the seal ineffective and its Magic Power is felt throughout the island. ", "Despite the explosion caused by this, Makarov stays alive. ", "Hades looks impressed and states that that's what's to be expected of Makarov, the man whom he entrusted the guild to for forty-eight years. ", "Makarov approaches him, telling him that he had been an amazing Master who taught them peace and led them to the proper paths and furtherly asks him what happened to him.", "\n\nMakarov defeated\n\nHades only looks at him and then hits him down with his fist. ", "He explains to Makarov about going back to the roots of Magic and seeing the \"Quintessence of Magic.\" ", "As he walks away, he tells Makarov to sleep as Fairy Tail's history will come to an end. ", "However, Makarov opens his eyes and attempts to go after Hades, but Hades senses his approach and shoots him with his Piercing Bullet, straight through his body.[7]\n\nAftermath\n\nMakarov is found by Natsu\n\nLater, Natsu Dragneel, having been launched near Makarov's position by one of Zancrow's attacks, then remarks on his wounds. ", "Makarov, still alive, tells him to take everyone and run away. ", "Zancrow then arrives, informing Natsu that Hades defeated Makarov, and Makarov was shocked that of all people, Natsu experienced fear. ", "Natsu awakens a power from deep inside him and decides to face Zancrow, saying that his fear was from the fact that someone other than himself could defeat Hades.[8]\n\nWhile Natsu experiences difficulties in his battle against Zancrow, Makarov intervenes and attempts to crush Zancrow with his Giant-enlarged hands. ", "Natsu manages to strike down Zancrow after consuming Zancrow's flames with Dragon God's Brilliant Flame.[9]" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }

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[ "---\nabstract: 'Motivated by the quasi-local mass problem in general relativity, we study the rigidity of isometric immersions with the same mean curvature into a warped product space. ", "As a corollary of our main result, two star-shaped hypersurfaces in a spatial Schwarzschild or AdS-Schwarzschild manifold with nonzero mass differ only by a rotation if they are isometric and have the same mean curvature. ", "We also prove similar results if the mean curvature condition is replaced by an $\\sigma_2$-curvature condition.'", "\naddress:\n- |\n School of Mathematical Sciences\\\n University of Electronic Science and Technology of China\\\n Chengdu, China\n- 'Department of Mathematics, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA.'", "\n- |\n School of Mathematical Sciences\\\n Fudan University\\\n Shanghai, China\nauthor:\n- Chunhe Li\n- Pengzi Miao\n- Zhizhang Wang\ntitle: Uniqueness of isometric immersions with the same mean curvature\n---\n\n[^1]\n\n[^2]\n\nIntroduction and statement of the results {#sec-intro}\n=========================================\n\nIn the quasi-local mass problem in general relativity, a basic pair of geometric data $(g, H)$ associated to a $2$-sphere $\\Sigma$, bounding some spacelike hypersurface $\\Omega$ in a spacetime, consists of a Riemannian metric $g$ and a function $H$. Here $ g$ denotes the induced metric on $ \\Sigma$ from $\\Omega$ and $H$ is the mean curvature of $ \\Sigma $ in $ \\Omega$. For instance, the Brown-York quasi-local mass [@BY1; @BY2] is given by $$\\mby (\\Sigma) = \\frac{1}{8\\pi} \\left( \\int_{\\Sigma} H_0 - \\int_\\Sigma H \\right) ,$$ where the metric $g$ is assumed to have positive Gauss curvature and $H_0$ is the mean curvature of the unique, isometric embedding of $ (\\Sigma, g)$ into the $3$-dimensional Euclidean space $ \\mathbb{R}^3$.\n\nExistence and uniqueness of the isometric embedding of $(\\Sigma, g)$ into $\\mathbb{R}^3$, used in defining $\\mby (\\Sigma)$, was guaranteed by Nirenberg’s solution to the Weyl embedding problem (cf. [", "@Lewy; @Nirenberg; @Pogorelov; @Weyl]). ", "When the target space $ \\mathbb{R}^3 $ is replaced by the Minkowski spacetime $ \\mathbb{R}^{3,1}$, existence of isometric embeddings of $(\\Sigma, g)$ into $ \\mathbb{R}^{3,1}$ was given by Wang and Yau [@WY1; @WY2] in association with the definition of Wang-Yau quasi-local mass. ", "If the target space is a general Riemannian $3$-manifold $N$, estimates concerning the existence of isometric embeddings into $N$ have been studied extensively in the literature. ", "We refer readers to the work in [@CX; @Guan-Lu; @Li-Wang; @Lu; @LW; @Pogorelov2; @PC] and the references therein.", "\n\nIn contrast to the embedding into $ \\mathbb{R}^3$, counterexamples were constructed in [@Li-Wang] to illustrate the lack of rigidity for convex surfaces if the target Riemannian manifold is not a space form. ", "Such non-uniqueness, however, does not diminish the role played by isometric embeddings in the study of relativistic problems. ", "In [@Lu-Miao], isometric embeddings of $(\\Sigma, g)$ into a spatial Schwarzschild $3$-manifold $$(N_m, d s_m^2 ) = \\left( [ 2m , \\infty) \\times \\mathbb{S}^2, \\frac{1}{1 - \\frac{2 m}{r} } d r^2 + r^2 d \\sigma \\right)$$ were used in deriving a localized Riemannian Penrose inequality [@Bray; @HI01] that has a form of $$m + \\frac{1}{8 \\pi} \\int_\\Sigma ( H_m - H) f \\ge \\sqrt{ \\frac{ A}{ 16 \\pi} } .$$ Here $H_m$ is the mean curvature of an embedding of $(\\Sigma, g)$ in $(N_m, d s_m^2)$, $f $ is the static potential on $(N_m, d s^2)$ given by $ f = \\left( 1 - \\frac{2m}{r} \\right)^\\frac12 $, and $A$ represents the area of the horizon of black hole enclosed by $(\\Sigma, g)$ in a physical manifold $\\Omega$.\n\nThe Schwarzschild manifold $(N_m, d s_m^2)$ is an example of a [*static*]{} space $(N, d s^2)$, which by definition is a Riemannian $3$-manifold on which there exists a function $f>0$, referred as a static potential, such that the corresponding static spacetime $$(\\bar N, \\bar g ) = ( \\mathbb{R}^1 \\times N, - f^2 d t^2 + d s^2 )$$ is Einstein. ", "In [@CWWY], isometric embeddings of $(\\Sigma, g)$ into such a static Einstein spacetime $(\\bar N, \\bar g)$ were used as references in defining an analogue of the Wang-Yau mass. ", "When the image of such an embedding lies in a constant $t$-slice of $(\\bar N, \\bar g)$, i.e. in $(N, d s^2)$, the associated quasi-local energy in [@CWWY] becomes the integral $$\\frac{1}{8 \\pi} \\int_\\Sigma ( H_s - H) f ,$$ where $H_s$ is the mean curvature of the embedding of $(\\Sigma, g)$ in $(N, d s^2)$.\n\nMotivated by the non-uniqueness example of isometric embeddings in [@Li-Wang] and by the results in [@CWWY; @Lu-Miao] that make use of embeddings into static spaces, we ask the following question:\n\n\\[quest-main\\] [In a static Riemannian $3$-manifold $(N, d s^2)$, if two surfaces $ \\Sigma_1$ and $ \\Sigma_2$ are isometric and have the same mean curvature (under the surface isometry), do $\\Sigma_1$ and $ \\Sigma_2$ differ only by a rigid motion of the ambient space?]{}", "\n\nWe recall that the static condition on $(N, d s^2)$ can be formulated equivalently (cf. [", "@Corvino]) in Riemannian terms by $$\\label{eq-static-intro}\n (\\tilde \\Delta f) \\tilde g - \\tilde \\nabla^2 f + f \\mathrm{Ric} ( \\tilde g) = 0 ,$$ where $ \\tilde \\Delta$, $ \\tilde \\nabla^2 $ denote the Laplacian, the Hessian of $\\tilde g = d s^2$, respectively, and $ \\mathrm{Ric} (\\tilde g)$ is the Ricci curvature of $ \\tilde g $.", "\n\nIn this paper, we study Question \\[quest-main\\] by considering embeddings of an $n$-sphere $\\mathbb{S}^n$, $ n \\ge 2 $, into an $(n+1)$-dimensional warped product space \\[eq-warped-intro\\] (N, ds\\^2) = ( I \\^n, dr\\^2+r\\^2d), where $ I \\subset \\mathbb{R}^+ $ is an interval, $ f $ is a positive function on $I$, and $ d \\sigma$ denotes the standard metric of constant sectional curvature $1$ on $ \\mathbb{S}^n$. In this case, a conformal Killing vector filed on $(N, d s^2)$ is $X=r f \\frac{{\\partial}}{{\\partial}r}$. We define new radial coordinates $\\rho$ and $ u$ on $I$ by \\[eq-rho-u\\] = 12 X X = 12 r\\^2       u = , where “ $\\cdot$ \" denotes the metric $ d s^2$. We also define $$\\label{eq-big-phi}\n\\Phi =\\frac{1}{2\\rho}\\left(ff_{\\rho}+\\frac{1-f^2}{2\\rho}\\right) .$$ Direct calculation shows that $(N, d s^2)$ is static with $f$ satisfying if and only if $$\\begin{aligned}\n\\label{static-intro}\nf_{uu}+(n-1)\\Phi f=0 . ", "\\end{aligned}$$ Here $ f_u, f_{\\rho}, f_{uu}, f_{\\rho \\rho}$ denote the first, second derivatives of $f$ with respect to $u$, $\\rho$, respectively.", "\n\nGiven an immersion $\\iota : \\mathbb{S}^n \\to (N, d s^2)$, let $\\nu$ be a chosen unit vector field normal to the hypersurface $ M = \\iota (\\mathbb{S}^n)$, the [*support function*]{} of $M$ is defined by \\[eq-phi\\] = X . ", "With these notations, we can state the main result of this paper.", "\n\n\\[theo-intro\\] Suppose $(N, ds^2) = \\left( I \\times \\mathbb{S}^n, \\frac{1}{f^2(r)}dr^2+r^2d\\sigma \\right) $ satisfies \\[eq-super-static\\] f\\_[uu]{} + (n-1)f 0 , with either $ \\Phi \\ge 0 $ or $ \\Phi \\le 0 $. ", "Let $ g $ be a Riemannian metric on $\\mathbb{S}^n$. Suppose $ \\iota$ and $ \\tilde \\iota $ are two isometric immersions of $ (\\mathbb{S}^n, g) $ into $ (N, d s^2)$ such that $ H = \\tilde H$, where $H$, $ \\tilde H$ are the mean curvatures of the immersed surfaces $M = \\iota (\\mathbb{S}^n)$, $\\tilde M = \\tilde \\iota (\\mathbb{S}^n)$, respectively. ", "If $ M$ and $ \\tilde M$ have positive support functions, then $$h_{ij} = \\tilde h_{ij} ,$$ where $ h_{ij}$, $ \\tilde{h}_{ij}$ are the second fundamental forms of $M$, $ \\tilde M$, respectively.", "\n\nMoreover, if $ \\Phi $ is strictly positive or negative, then $M$ and $ \\tilde M$ only differ by a rotation in $(N, d s^2)$.\n\nThe assumption that $\\Phi$ is positive or negative agrees with the assumption (H4) or (H4’) in Brendle’s work on CMC surfaces in warped product spaces [@B2]. ", "On the other hand, the assumption appears to be opposite to the assumption (H3) or (H3’) in [@B2].", "\n\n\\[rem-static\\] When equality in holds, i.e. when $(N, d s^2)$ is static, it is known that $ f(r)$ is explicitly given by $$f = \\left( 1 - {2 m}{r^{1-n}} + \\kappa r^2 \\right)^\\frac12$$ for some constants $m$ and $ \\kappa$. In this case, $(N, d s^2)$ includes the spatial Schwarzschild and AdS-Schwarzschild manifolds and $ \\Phi = (n+1) m r^{-n-3} $.", "\n\nAs a direct corollary of Theorem \\[theo-intro\\] and Remark \\[rem-static\\], we have\n\n\\[cor-Sch\\] Let $(N, ds^2)$ be a spatial Schwarzschild or AdS-Schwarzschild manifold with nonzero mass. ", "If $ M $ and $ \\tilde M $ are two star-shaped hypersurfaces in $N$ such that $M$ and $\\tilde M$ are isometric and have the same mean curvature, then $M$ and $ \\tilde M$ only differ by a rotation in $(N, d s^2)$.\n\nThe spatial Schwarzschild manifold $(N_m, d s_m^2)$ is an example of an asymptotically flat manifold (cf. [", "@Bray; @HI01; @SY79]). ", "If the ambient manifold $(N, ds^2)$ in Question \\[quest-main\\] is asymptotically flat and static, we suspect its answer is positive under suitable conditions on the surface. ", "This is tied to the uniqueness aspect of the static metric extension conjecture formulated for the Bartnik quasi-local mass [@Bartnik].", "\n\nWhen the target space is a space form, we note that the study of isometrically immersed surfaces with the same mean curvature has a longstanding history. ", "A surface $S$ is called locally $H$-deformable if any point $x \\in S$ has a neighborhood $U$ that admits a nontrivial $1$-parameter family of isometric deformations which preserve the mean curvature. ", "Results on locally $H$-deformable surfaces can be found in [@Car; @Chern; @CK; @Ken; @La; @Sch; @Svec; @Tr; @Um] and references therein. ", "Regarding global rigidity, Lawson and Tribuzy [@La-Tr] proved that, for any compact oriented surface $\\Sigma$ equipped with a Riemannian metric $g$ and given a non-constant function $H$ on $\\Sigma$, there exist at most two geometrically distinct isometric immersions of $(\\Sigma, g)$ into a space form, with the mean curvature function $H$.\n\nThe uniqueness of surfaces with prescribed extrinsic curvature alone is also a classic problem in differential geometry. ", "For instance, the rigidity of constant mean curvature hypersurfaces is an example of the prescribed mean curvature problem. ", "A theorem due to Alexandrov [@Alex] asserts that any closed, embedded hypersurface in $\\mathbb{R}^n$ with constant mean curvature is a round sphere. ", "Montiel [@Mon] proved a uniqueness theorem for star-shaped hypersurfaces of constant mean curvature in certain rotationally symmetric manifolds. ", "In [@B2], Brendle obtained a generalization of Alexandrov’s theorem for a class of warped product manifolds. ", "In general, if one poses some function on the exterior unit normal vector field of a convex hypersurface in the Euclidean space, the uniqueness is still open except for the $2$-dimensional case (cf. [", "@GuWZ]).", "\n\nPrompted by Theorem \\[theo-intro\\], we also consider the rigidity question for isometrically immersed hypersurfaces with the same $ \\sigma_2$-curvature (see definition ). ", "We have the following result.", "\n\n\\[theo-intro-sigma-2\\] Let $(N, ds^2) = \\left( I \\times \\mathbb{S}^n, \\frac{1}{f^2(r)}dr^2+r^2d\\sigma \\right)$ be a warped product space with $\\Phi\\Phi_u>0$. Let $g$ be a Riemannian metric on $ \\mathbb{S}^n$. Suppose $(\\mathbb{S}^n, g)$ can be isometrically immersed into $(N, d s^2)$ as two hypersurfaces $M$ and $\\tilde M$. If $M$ and $ \\tilde M$ have the same $\\sigma_2$-curvature, then they differ only by a rotation in $(N, d s^2)$.\n\nThe remainder of this paper is organized as follows. ", "In Section \\[sec-prelim\\], we collect some basic formulae on immersed hypersurfaces in a warped product space. ", "In Section \\[sec-inf-rigi\\], we prove the infinitesimal rigidity of isometric surfaces with the same mean curvature via integral identities. ", "The method is then revised in Section \\[sec-global-rigi\\] to derive the global rigidity, hence proving Theorem \\[theo-intro\\]. ", "In Section \\[sec-other\\], we consider the analogue of Theorem \\[theo-intro\\] with the mean curvature condition replaced by the $\\sigma_2$-curvature condition and prove Theorem \\[theo-intro-sigma-2\\]. ", "As an additional application of the method used in Sections \\[sec-inf-rigi\\] and \\[sec-global-rigi\\], we also give another proof of the infinitesimal rigidity and global rigidity of convex surfaces in space forms (see Theorem \\[theo-rigidity-space-form\\]).", "\n\nWe recently have learned that Po-Ning Chen and Xiangwen Zhang [@Chen-Zhang] proved a rigidity result for surfaces in $3$-dimensional spatial Schwarzschild manifold which is similar but different to that in Corollary \\[cor-Sch\\]. ", "We want to thank the authors for the communication on their paper.", "\n\nPreliminaries on hypersurfaces in a warped product space {#sec-prelim}\n========================================================\n\nLet $ \\Sigma = \\mathbb{S}^n$ and let $ g$ be a Riemannian metric on $\\Sigma$. Suppose $ \\iota : (\\Sigma, g) \\rightarrow (N, d s^2)$ is an isometric immersion, where $(N,ds^2)$ is given in . ", "Let $ M = \\iota (\\Sigma)$ and let $D$ denote the Levi-Civita connection on $(N, ds^2)$. Let $ \\rho$, $ u$, $ \\Phi$, $ \\nu$ and $ \\varphi$ be given in – .", "\n\nSuppose $\\{e_1,e_2,\\cdots, e_n\\}$ is a local frame on $(\\Sigma, g)$, which can be viewed as a frame on $M$ via $\\iota$. Let $h_{ij}$ denote the second fundamental form of $M$, defined by $$D_{e_i}e_j=-h_{ij}\\nu.$$ The following formulae can be easily checked (cf. [", "@GLW; @Li-Wang]): $$\\begin{aligned}\n\\varphi^2 & = & 2\\rho-\\frac{ | \\nabla\\rho|^2}{f^2} = 2\\rho-|\\nabla u|^2 , \\label{0.1} \\\\\n h_{ij}\\varphi&=& -\\frac{\\rho_{i,j}}{f}+\\frac{f_{\\rho}}{f^2}\\rho_i\\rho_j+fg_{ij}=-u_{i,j}+fg_{ij}, \\label{h-phi} \\\\\n \\varphi_i & = & \\sum_kh_{ik}X\\cdot e_k=\\sum_{k}h_{ik}\\frac{\\rho_k}{f}=\\sum_kh_{ik}u_k. ", "\\label{var}\\end{aligned}$$ Here a function with a lower index $i$ denotes its derivative along $e_i$ and “ , \" denotes the covariant differentiation on $M$ or equivalently on $(\\Sigma, g)$.\n\nGiven vector fields $Y$, $Z$, $W$ on $N$, let the curvature tensor on $(N, d s^2)$ be given by $$\\tilde{R}(Y, Z) W =D_Y D_Z W - D_Z D_Y W -D_{[Y,Z]} W .$$ Direct calculation (see (2.7) in [@Li-Wang]) shows $$\\label{eq-sec-T}\n \\begin{split}\n (-1) \\sum_{i < j } \\tilde{R}(e_i, e_j) e_j \\cdot e_i \n & = (n-1)\\left[ff_{\\rho}+\\frac{n-2}{4}\\frac{f^2-1}{\\rho}-\\varphi^2\\frac{2\\rho ff_{\\rho}+1-f^2}{4\\rho^2}\\right]\\\\\n &= (n-1)\\left(f_u +\\frac{n-2}{4}\\frac{f^2-1}{\\rho}- \\varphi^2\\Phi\\right) \\\\\n &= (n-1)\\left[ \\frac{n}{2}f_u -(n-2)\\rho\\Phi- \\varphi^2\\Phi\\right]. ", "\n \\end{split}$$ Let $ R$ be the scalar curvature of $(\\Sigma, g)$. By the Gauss equations, we have $$\\label{2.5}\n\\sigma_2(h) =\\frac{R}{2}+ (n-1)\\left[ \\frac{n}{2}f_u -(n-2)\\rho\\Phi- \\varphi^2\\Phi\\right] .$$ Here $\\sigma_2 (h) = \\sum_{i<j} \\kappa_i \\kappa_j$, where $\\{ \\kappa_i \\}_{i=1}^n$ are the principal curvature of $M$. The Codazzi equations are given by $$\\begin{aligned}\nh_{ij,k}-h_{ik,j}&=& \\tilde{R} ( e_j, e_k) e_i \\cdot \\nu,\\end{aligned}$$ which implies $$\\begin{aligned}\n\\label{3.6A}\n\\sum_ih_{ij , i}-H_j&=& \\tilde{Ric}_{j\\nu}.\\end{aligned}$$ Here $\\tilde {Ric} = \\mathrm{Ric} (\\tilde g)$ denotes the Ricci curvature of $(N, d s^2)$. The following formula can be checked: \\[eq-Ric-jnu\\] \\_[j]{} = - ( n - 1 )u\\_j. (", "For instance, follows from (2.3) in [@Li-Wang].) ", "Thus, becomes $$\\begin{aligned}\n\\label{2.6}\n\\sum_ih_{ij,i}-H_j&=&-(n-1)\\varphi\\Phi u_j.\\end{aligned}$$\n\nThe geometric meaning of $ \\Phi$ is as follows: ( E\\_1, E\\_1) - (V, V) = - (n-1) 2 , where $ E_1 = f {\\partial}_r $ is the unit normal to $ S_r = \\{ r \\} \\times \\mathbb{S}^n$ and $V$ denotes any unit vector tangent to $S_r$. In relation to equation , we also note (V, V) = 2 .", "\n\nBy , $\\Phi$ can be rewritten as $$\\Phi = \\frac14 \\left( \\frac{ f^2 - 1}{\\rho} \\right)_\\rho.$$ From this, it is easily seen $$\\left(ff_{\\rho} \\right)_{\\rho}-4\\Phi-2\\rho\\Phi_{\\rho}=0,\\nonumber$$ or equivalently $$\\label{2.10}\nf_{uu}-4 \\Phi f - 2\\rho\\Phi_{u}=0.$$\n\nInfinitesimal rigidity for surfaces with fixed mean curvature {#sec-inf-rigi}\n=============================================================\n\nIn this section, we prove the infinitesimal rigidity for isometric surfaces with the same mean curvature. ", "Suppose $\\{ \\iota_t \\}$ is a $1$-parameter family of isometric immersions of $(\\Sigma, g)$ in $(N, d s^2)$ which have the same mean curvature function $H$. Let $ M_t = \\iota_t (\\Sigma)$ and $M = M_0$. Let an upper dot denote derivative with respect to $t$ at $ t =0 $. ", "Then $$\\label{3.1}\n\\left.\\dot{H}=\\frac{dH}{dt}\\right|_{t=0}=0;\\ \\ \\dot{g}_{ij}=\\left.\\frac{d g_{ij}}{dt}\\right|_{t=0}=0.$$ The infinitesimal rigidity means that we want to show $\\dot{h}_{ij}=0$.\n\nLet $\\{e_i\\}_{1\\le i \\le n}$ be a local orthonormal frame on $(\\Sigma, g)$. By and , we have $$\\begin{aligned}\n\\label{1.3}\n\\varphi\\dot{\\varphi}=f\\dot{u}-\\nabla u\\cdot\\nabla\\dot{u},\\end{aligned}$$ $$\\begin{aligned}\n\\label{1.4}\n\\dot{h}_{ij}\\varphi+h_{ij}\\dot{\\varphi}=-\\dot{u}_{i,j}+f_{u}\\dot{u}\\delta_{ij}.\\end{aligned}$$ The linearization of and implies $$\\label{0.16}\n\\begin{split}\n& \\ \\sum_{i,j}h_{ij}\\dot{h}_{ij} = H\\dot{H} - \\dot{\\sigma}_2(h) \\\\\n=& \\ -(n-1)\\left(\\frac{n}{2}f_{uu} \\dot{u}-(n-2)f\\Phi\\dot{u}-(n-2)\\rho\\Phi_u\\dot{u}-2\\varphi \\dot{\\varphi}\\Phi-\\varphi^2\\Phi_{u}\\dot{u}\\right), \n\\end{split}$$ $$\\begin{aligned}\n\\label{1.8}\n\\sum_i\\dot{h}_{ij,i}&=&-(n-1)(\\dot{u}_j\\varphi \\Phi+u_j \\dot{\\varphi}\\Phi+u_j\\varphi\\Phi_{u}\\dot{u}),\\end{aligned}$$ where we have used $\\dot{H}=0$.\n\nLet $w $ be an auxiliary function defining on $I$, which will be determined later. ", "Viewing $w$ as a function on $ N $ and pulling it back to $\\Sigma$, we have by , $$\\label{3.12}\n\\dot{h}_{ij}\\varphi w=-\\dot{u}_{i,j}w+f_{u}\\dot{u}w\\delta_{ij}-h_{ij}w\\dot{\\varphi}.$$ Integrating on $(\\Sigma, g)$ and using $\\dot H =0$, we have $$\\begin{split}\n\\int_\\Sigma \\sum_{ij}\\dot{h}_{ij}^2\\varphi w \n=&-\\sum_{i,j}\\int_\\Sigma \\dot{u}_{i,j}w\\dot{h}_{ij}+\\int_\\Sigma \\dot{u}w\\dot{H}-\\sum_{i,j}\\int_\\Sigma h_{ij}\\dot{h}_{ij}w\\dot{\\varphi} \\\\\n=&\\sum_{i,j}\\int_\\Sigma \\dot{u}_{i}w_j\\dot{h}_{ij}+\\sum_{i,j}\\int_\\Sigma \\dot{u}_{i}w\\dot{h}_{ji,j}-\\sum_{i,j}\\int_\\Sigma h_{ij}\\dot{h}_{ij}w\\dot{\\varphi} \\\\\n=&-\\sum_{i,j}\\int_\\Sigma \\dot{u}w_{i,j}\\dot{h}_{ij}-\\sum_{i,j}\\int_\\Sigma \\dot{u}w_j\\dot{h}_{ij,i}+\\sum_{i,j}\\int_\\Sigma \\dot{u}_{i}w\\dot{h}_{ji,j}-\\sum_{i,j}\\int_\\Sigma h_{ij}\\dot{h}_{ij}w\\dot{\\varphi} \\\\\n=&-\\sum_{i,j}\\int_\\Sigma \\dot{u}w_{uu}u_iu_j\\dot{h}_{ij}-\\sum_{i,j}\\int_\\Sigma \\dot{u}w_j\\dot{h}_{ij,i}+\\sum_{i,j}\\int_\\Sigma \\dot{u}_{i}w\\dot{h}_{ji,j}-\\sum_{i,j}\\int_\\Sigma \nh_{ij}\\dot{h}_{ij}w\\dot{\\varphi} \\\\\n&+\\sum_{i,j}\\int_\\Sigma w_u\\dot{u}(-u_{i,j}+f\\delta_{ij})\\dot{h}_{ij}-\\int_\\Sigma w_u\\dot{u}f\\dot{H} \\\\\n=&-\\sum_{i,j}\\int_\\Sigma \\dot{u}w_{uu}u_iu_j\\dot{h}_{ij}+\\sum_{i,j}\\int_\\Sigma (\\dot{u}_{i}w-\\dot{u}w_i)\\dot{h}_{ji,j}-\\sum_{i,j}\\int_\\Sigma h_{ij}\\dot{h}_{ij}(w\\dot{\\varphi}-w_u\\dot{u}\\varphi) .", "\n\\end{split}$$ Applying and , we then have $$\\label{1.11}\n\\begin{split}\n& \\int_\\Sigma \\sum_{ij}\\dot{h}_{ij}^2\\varphi w \\\\\n=&-\\sum_{i,j}\\int_\\Sigma w_{uu}\\dot{u}u_iu_j\\dot{h}_{ij} \n-(n-1)\\sum_{i}\\int_\\Sigma(\\dot{u}_{i}w-\\dot{u}w_u u_i)(\\dot{u}_i\\varphi \\Phi+u_i \\dot{\\varphi}\\Phi+u_i\\varphi\\Phi_{u}\\dot{u}) \\\\\n&+(n-1)\\int_\\Sigma (w\\dot{\\varphi}-w_u\\dot{u}\\varphi)\\left(\\frac{n}{2}f_{uu} \\dot{u}-(n-2)(f\\Phi+\\rho\\Phi_u)\\dot{u}-2\\varphi \\dot{\\varphi}\\Phi-\\varphi^2\\Phi_{u}\\dot{u}\\right) \\\\\n=&-\\sum_{i,j}\\int_\\Sigma w_{uu}\\dot{u}u_iu_j\\dot{h}_{ij}-(n-1)\\int_\\Sigma (|\\nabla\\dot{u}|^2+2\\dot{\\varphi}^2)w\\varphi \\Phi \\\\\n&+(n-1)\\int_\\Sigma \\dot{u}\\dot{\\varphi}\\Big(|\\nabla u|^2w_u\\Phi+\\frac{n}{2}wf_{uu}-(n-2)(f\\Phi+\\rho\\Phi_u)w \n+2\\varphi^2w_u\\Phi-w\\varphi^2\\Phi_u\\Big) \\\\\n&-(n-1)\\int_\\Sigma \\dot{u}^2\\Big(\\frac{n}{2}w_u\\varphi f_{uu}-(n-2)(f\\Phi+\\rho\\Phi_u)w_u\\varphi \n-|\\nabla u|^2w_u\\varphi\\Phi_u-w_u\\varphi^3\\Phi_u\\Big) \\\\\n&-(n-1)\\int_\\Sigma \\nabla u\\cdot\\nabla \\dot{u} (-\\dot{u}w_u\\varphi\\Phi+\\dot{\\varphi}\\Phi w+\\dot{u}w\\varphi\\Phi_u) .", "\n\\end{split}$$ To proceed, we note that $$\\begin{aligned}\n\\label{1.13}\n&&\\int_\\Sigma |\\nabla \\dot{u}|^2w\\varphi\\Phi =\\int_\\Sigma w\\varphi\\Phi \\nabla\\dot{u}\\cdot \\nabla \\dot{u}\\\\\n&=&-\\int_\\Sigma \\dot{u}(\\Delta \\dot{u} )w\\varphi\\Phi-\\int_\\Sigma \\dot{u}w\\Phi\\nabla\\dot{u}\\cdot \\nabla \\varphi-\\int_\\Sigma \\dot{u}\\varphi(w_u\\Phi+w\\Phi_u)\\nabla\\dot{u}\\cdot\\nabla u\\nonumber,\\end{aligned}$$ and $$\\begin{aligned}\n\\label{1.14}\n&&\\int_\\Sigma \\dot{\\varphi}^2\\varphi w\\Phi=\\int_\\Sigma (f\\dot{u}-\\nabla u\\cdot\\nabla \\dot{u})\\dot{\\varphi} w\\Phi\\\\\n&=&\\int_\\Sigma \\dot{u}\\dot{\\varphi} fw\\Phi+\\int_\\Sigma \\dot{u} \\dot{\\varphi}w\\Phi\\Delta u+\\int_\\Sigma \\dot{u}w\\Phi \\nabla u\\cdot \\nabla \\dot{\\varphi}+\\int_\\Sigma \\dot{u}\\dot{\\varphi}(w_u\\Phi+w\\Phi_u)|\\nabla u|^2\\nonumber.\\end{aligned}$$ Moreover, the linearization of gives $$\\dot{\\varphi}_i=\\sum_k\\dot{h}_{ik}u_k+\\sum_kh_{ik}\\dot{u}_k.$$ Thus, we have $$\\begin{aligned}\n\\label{1.15}\n\\nabla u\\cdot \\nabla\\dot{\\varphi}-\\nabla \\dot{u}\\cdot \\nabla\\varphi=\\sum_{i,j} \\dot{h}_{ij} u_iu_j.\\end{aligned}$$ It follows from – that $$\\begin{aligned}\n\\label{1.16}\n&&\\int_\\Sigma (|\\nabla\\dot{u}|^2+\\dot{\\varphi}^2)w\\varphi\\Phi\\\\\n&=&\\int_\\Sigma w\\Phi \\dot{u}\\dot{h}_{ij}u_iu_j+\\int_\\Sigma \\dot{u} w\\Phi(\\dot{\\varphi}\\Delta u-\\varphi\\Delta\\dot{u})-\\int_\\Sigma \\dot{u}\\varphi(w_u\\Phi+w\\Phi_u)\\nabla u\\cdot\\nabla \\dot{u}\\nonumber\\\\\n&&+\\int_\\Sigma \\dot{u}\\dot{\\varphi}(fw\\Phi+(w_u\\Phi+w\\Phi_u)|\\nabla u|^2)\\nonumber.\\end{aligned}$$ Using and , we have $$\\dot{\\varphi}\\Delta u-\\varphi\\Delta\\dot{u}=\\dot{\\varphi}(nf-H\\varphi)-\\varphi(nf_u\\dot{u}-H\\dot{\\varphi})=n(f\\dot{\\varphi}-\\varphi f_u\\dot{u}),$$ where $\\dot{H}=0$ has been used. ", "Thus becomes $$\\begin{aligned}\n\\label{1.17}\n&&\\int_\\Sigma (|\\nabla\\dot{u}|^2+\\dot{\\varphi}^2)w\\varphi\\Phi\\\\\n&=&\\int_\\Sigma w\\Phi \\dot{u}\\dot{h}_{ij}u_iu_j-n\\int_\\Sigma \\dot{u}^2 wf_u\\Phi\\varphi-\\int_\\Sigma \\dot{u}\\varphi(w_u\\Phi+w\\Phi_u)\\nabla u\\cdot\\nabla \\dot{u}\\nonumber\\\\\n&&+\\int_\\Sigma \\dot{u}\\dot{\\varphi}((n+1)fw\\Phi+(w_u\\Phi+w\\Phi_u)|\\nabla u|^2)\\nonumber.\\end{aligned}$$ Combing with , we obtain $$\\begin{aligned}\n\\label{1.11-1}\n&&\\int_\\Sigma \\sum_{ij}\\dot{h}_{ij}^2\\varphi w\\\\\n&=&-\\sum_{i,j}\\int_\\Sigma (w_{uu}+(n-1)\\Phi w)\\dot{u}u_iu_j\\dot{h}_{ij}\\nonumber\\\\\n&&-(n-1)\\int_\\Sigma \\nabla u\\cdot\\nabla \\dot{u} (-2\\dot{u}w_u\\varphi\\Phi+\\dot{\\varphi}\\Phi w)-(n-1)\\int_\\Sigma \\dot{\\varphi}^2w\\varphi \\Phi\\nonumber\\\\\n&&-(n-1)\\int_\\Sigma \\dot{u}^2\\Big(\\frac{n}{2}w_u\\varphi f_{uu}-(n-2)(f\\Phi+\\rho\\Phi_u)w_u\\varphi\\nonumber\\\\\n&&\\ \\ \\ \\ \\ \\ \\ \\ \\ \\ \\ \\ \\ \\ \\ \\ \\ -|\\nabla u|^2w_u\\varphi\\Phi_u-w_u\\varphi^3\\Phi_u-nwf_u\\varphi\\Phi\\Big)\\nonumber\\\\\n&&+(n-1)\\int_\\Sigma \\dot{u}\\dot{\\varphi}\\Big(-|\\nabla u|^2w\\Phi_u+\\frac{n}{2}wf_{uu}-(n-2)(f\\Phi+\\rho\\Phi_u)w\\nonumber\\\\\n&&\\ \\ \\ \\ \\ \\ \\ \\ \\ \\ \\ \\ \\ \\ \\ \\ \\ +2\\varphi^2w_u\\Phi-w\\varphi^2\\Phi_u-(n+1)fw\\Phi\\Big)\\nonumber.\\end{aligned}$$ Applying and to replace the terms $\\nabla u\\cdot \\nabla \\dot{u}$ and $|\\nabla u|^2$ in , we have $$\\begin{aligned}\n\\label{1.18}\n&&\\int_\\Sigma \\sum_{ij}\\dot{h}_{ij}^2\\varphi w\\\\\n&=&-\\sum_{i,j}\\int_\\Sigma (w_{uu}+(n-1)\\Phi w)\\dot{u}u_iu_j\\dot{h}_{ij}\\nonumber\\\\\n&&+\\frac{n(n-1)}{2}\\int_\\Sigma \\dot{u}\\dot{\\varphi}(-2\\rho w\\Phi_u+wf_{uu}-4fw\\Phi)\\nonumber\\\\\n&&-\\frac{n(n-1)}{2}\\int_\\Sigma \\dot{u}^2(w_u\\varphi f_{uu}-2\\rho w_u\\varphi\\Phi_u-2wf_u\\varphi\\Phi-2fw_u\\varphi\\Phi)\\nonumber\\\\\n&=&-\\sum_{i,j}\\int_\\Sigma (w_{uu}+(n-1)\\Phi w)\\dot{u}u_iu_j\\dot{h}_{ij}-n(n-1)\\int_\\Sigma \\dot{u}^2\\varphi\\Phi(w_u f-wf_u)\\nonumber,\\end{aligned}$$ where has been used in the second equality. ", "Thus, we obtain $$\\label{1.19}\n\\begin{split}\n0 = & \\int_\\Sigma \\sum_{ij}\\dot{h}_{ij}^2\\varphi w+\\sum_{i,j}\\int_\\Sigma (w_{uu}+(n-1)\\Phi w)\\dot{u}u_iu_j\\dot{h}_{ij} \\\\\n& +n(n-1)\\int_\\Sigma \\dot{u}^2\\varphi\\Phi(w_u f-wf_u) .", "\n\\end{split}$$\n\nIf $(N, d s^2)$ is static with $f$ satisfying , we can choose $w = f$. In view of and , we then conclude $\\dot{h}_{ij}=0$ provided the support function $\\varphi$ is positive.", "\n\nNext suppose condition holds. ", "Let $ (r_0 , r_1 ) \\subset I $ be an interval so that the coordinate $r$ varies between $r_0$ and $r_1$ on the surface $M$. We first consider the case $ \\Phi \\ge 0 $. ", "In this case, let $ w $ be a solution to the linear second order ordinary differential equation $$\\begin{aligned}\n\\label{equ}\nw_{uu}+(n-1)\\Phi w=0\\end{aligned}$$ with the initial conditions $w(r_0)>0 $, $ w_u(r_0)>0$ and \\[eq-initial-w\\] w\\_u(r\\_0)f(r\\_0)-w(r\\_0)f\\_u(r\\_0) 0 . (", "Note that such a $ w$ always exists.) ", "Then we have $$\\begin{aligned}\n\\label{1.22}\n\\left(\\frac{w}{f}\\right)_{uu}+2\\frac{f_u}{f}\\left(\\frac{w}{f}\\right)_u+\\frac{f_{uu}+(n-1)\\Phi f}{f}\\frac{w}{f}=0, \\end{aligned}$$ where $$\\frac{f_{uu}+(n-1)\\Phi f}{f} \\le 0$$ by . ", "We claim that $ w/f $ is always positive when $ r $ ranges in $ [r_0 , r_1]$. To see this, suppose $r_* \\in (r_0, r_1]$ is the first zero of $w/f$ from $r_0$. As $w_u(r_0)>0$, $ \\max_{r \\in [r_0, r_*] } w / f $ must occur in $(r_0,r_*)$, which contradicts the strong maximum principle. ", "Therefore, $ w > 0 $ for $ r \\in (r_0, r_1)$. Consequently, $$\\begin{aligned}\n\\label{increase}\n(w_u f-wf_u)_u=w_{uu}f-wf_{uu}=-w(f_{uu}+(n-1)\\Phi f)\\geq 0,\\end{aligned}$$ by . ", "Hence, by , $ w_u f-wf_u \\ge 0 $. ", "This allows us to conclude $\\dot{h}_{ij}=0$ from under the assumption $ \\varphi > 0$. If $ \\Phi > 0 $ on $N$, by choosing the inequality in to be strict, we have $ w_u f-wf_u > 0 $. ", "In this case, it also follows from that $ \\dot {u} = 0 $.", "\n\nIf $ \\Phi \\le 0 $, similar arguments apply if we choose $ w$ so that $w(r_1)>0$, $w_u(r_1)<0$ and \\[eq-initial-w-2\\] w\\_u(r\\_1)f(r\\_1)-w(r\\_1)f\\_u(r\\_1) 0. ", "When $ \\Phi < 0 $, we choose the inequality in to be strict.", "\n\nThe above discussion has proved the following theorem.", "\n\n\\[theo-inf-H\\] Suppose $(N, ds^2) = \\left( I \\times \\mathbb{S}^n, \\frac{1}{f^2(r)}dr^2+r^2d\\sigma \\right)$ satisfies , with either $ \\Phi \\ge 0 $ or $ \\Phi \\le 0 $. ", "Let $g$ be a Riemannian metric on $ \\Sigma = \\mathbb{S}^n$. If $(\\Sigma, g)$ can be isometrically immersed into $(N, d s^2)$ as a hypersurface $M$ with positive support function, then the infinitesimal rigidity of $M$ with fixed mean curvature holds. ", "More precisely, this means that if $(\\Sigma, g)$ admits a family of isometric immersion $\\{ \\iota_t \\}$ such that $ M_t = \\iota_t (\\Sigma)$ has the same mean curvature and $M_0 = M$, then the linearization of the second fundamental form of $M_t$ at $M=M_0$ is trivial. ", "Moreover, if $ \\Phi > 0 $ or $ \\Phi < 0 $, the linearization of the function $u$ at $M=M_0$ is also trivial.", "\n\nGlobal rigidity for surfaces with fixed mean curvature {#sec-global-rigi}\n======================================================\n\nIn this section, we will modify the proof in Section \\[sec-inf-rigi\\] to prove the global rigidity, i.e. Theorem \\[theo-intro\\]. ", "Suppose $ \\iota$, $ \\tilde \\iota$ are two isometric immersions of $(\\Sigma, g)$ in $(N, d s^2)$. Let $M = \\iota (\\Sigma) $ and $\\tilde M = \\tilde \\iota (\\Sigma)$. We denote the restriction of $X $, $ \\rho$, $u$ (which is defined in the ambient space $N$) to $\\tilde M$ by $\\tilde X$, $ \\tilde \\rho $, $\\tilde u$, respectively. ", "By abuse of notations, we also use $X $, $ \\rho$, $u$ to denote their restriction to $M$. Let $ \\varphi$, $ h $ and $ \\tilde \\varphi$, $ \\tilde h$ be the support function, the second fundamental form of $M$ and $\\tilde M$, respectively. ", "Viewing $h$ and $\\tilde h$ as tensors on $\\Sigma$, we define $$v = \\tilde h - h .$$\n\nNow suppose $M$ and $ \\tilde M$ have the same mean curvature. ", "Let $\\{e_1,e_2,\\cdots,e_n\\}$ be a local orthonormal frame on $(\\Sigma, g)$, we have $$\\begin{aligned}\n\\label{3.1-g}\n\\sum_iv_{ii}=0.\\end{aligned}$$ By the Gauss equations of $M$ and $\\tilde{M}$, the corresponding equations of are $$\\begin{aligned}\n\\label{3.2}\n\\sigma_2(\\tilde{h})&=&\\frac{\\tilde{R}}{2}+(n-1)\\left(\\frac{n}{2}f_u(\\tilde{u})-(n-2)\\tilde{\\rho}\\Phi(\\tilde{u})-\\tilde{\\varphi}^2\\Phi(\\tilde{u})\\right), \\\\\n\\sigma_2(h)&=&\\frac{R}{2}+(n-1)\\left(\\frac{n}{2}f_u(u)-(n-2)\\rho\\Phi(u)-\\varphi^2\\Phi(u)\\right)\\nonumber.\\end{aligned}$$ Since $\\tilde{R}=R$, the difference of the above two equations gives $$\\begin{aligned}\n&&\\sum_{i<j}\\left(h_{ii}v_{jj}+h_{jj}v_{ii}-2h_{ij}v_{ij}+v_{ii}v_{jj}-v_{ij}^2\\right)\\\\\n&=&\\frac{ n (n-1) }{2}(f_u(\\tilde{u})-f_u(u))-(n-2)(n-1)(\\tilde{\\rho}\\Phi(\\tilde{u})-\\rho\\Phi(u))\\nonumber\\\\\n&&-(n-1)\\left(\\tilde{\\varphi}^2\\Phi(\\tilde{u})-\\varphi^2\\Phi(u)\\right) . ", "\\nonumber\\end{aligned}$$ Using , we can rewrite the above as $$\\label{3.3}\n \\begin{split}\n -\\sum_{i,j}h_{ij}v_{ij} =&\\frac{(n-1)n}{2}(f_u(\\tilde{u})-f_u(u))-(n-2)(n-1)(\\tilde{\\rho}\\Phi(\\tilde{u})-\\rho\\Phi(u))\\\\\n &-(n-1)(\\tilde{\\varphi}^2\\Phi\\left(\\tilde{u})-\\varphi^2\\Phi(u)\\right)+\\frac{1}{2}\\sum_{i,j}v_{ij}^2, \\\\\n -\\sum_{i,j}\\tilde{h}_{ij}v_{ij} =&\\frac{(n-1)n}{2}(f_u(\\tilde{u})-f_u(u))-(n-2)(n-1)(\\tilde{\\rho}\\Phi(\\tilde{u})-\\rho\\Phi(u)) \\\\\n &-(n-1)(\\tilde{\\varphi}^2\\Phi\\left(\\tilde{u})-\\varphi^2\\Phi(u)\\right)-\\frac{1}{2}\\sum_{i,j}v_{ij}^2. ", "\n \\end{split}$$ By the Codazzi equations of $M$ and $ \\tilde{M}$, the corresponding equations of are $$\\begin{aligned}\n&&\\sum_ih_{ij, i}-H_{j}=-(n-1)\\varphi\\Phi(u)u_j,\\nonumber\\\\\n&&\\sum_i\\tilde{h}_{ij, i}-\\tilde{H}_{j}=-(n-1)\\tilde{\\varphi}\\Phi(\\tilde{u})\\tilde{u}_j,\\nonumber\\end{aligned}$$ which, combined with $ H = \\tilde H$, imply $$\\label{3.5}\n\\sum_iv_{ij,i} = -(n-1)\\left(\\tilde{\\varphi}\\Phi(\\tilde{u})\\tilde{u}_j-\\varphi\\Phi(u)u_j\\right).$$ We still let $w$ be some weighted single-variable function on $I$ which is to be chosen later. ", "We calculate the following integral $$\\begin{aligned}\n\\label{3.8}\n&&-\\int_{\\Sigma}\\sum_{i,j}(w(\\tilde{u})u_i-w(u)\\tilde{u}_i)_jv_{ji}\\\\\n&=&\\int_{\\Sigma}\\sum_{i,j}(w(\\tilde{u})u_i-w(u)\\tilde{u}_i)v_{ji,j}\\nonumber\\\\\n&=&(n-1)\\int_{\\Sigma}w(u)\\tilde{\\varphi}\\Phi(\\tilde{u})|\\nabla\\tilde{u}|^2+(n-1)\\int_{\\Sigma}w(\\tilde{u})\\varphi\\Phi(u)|\\nabla u|^2\\nonumber\\\\\n&&-(n-1)\\int_{\\Sigma}(w(u)\\varphi\\Phi(u)+w(\\tilde{u})\\tilde{\\varphi}\\Phi(\\tilde{u}))\\nabla u\\cdot\\nabla\\tilde{u}.\\nonumber\\end{aligned}$$ Here, in the second equality, has been used.", "\n\nOn the other hand, we have $$(w(\\tilde{u})u_i-w(u)\\tilde{u}_i)_j=w_u(\\tilde{u})\\tilde{u}_ju_i-w_u(u)\\tilde{u}_iu_j+w(\\tilde{u})u_{ij}-w(u)\\tilde{u}_{ij},$$ where, by , $$\\begin{aligned}\nu_{ij}=f(u)\\delta_{ij}-h_{ij}\\varphi,\\ \\ \\tilde{u}_{ij}=f(\\tilde{u})\\delta_{ij}-\\tilde{h}_{ij}\\tilde{\\varphi}.\\nonumber\\end{aligned}$$ Therefore, $$\\begin{aligned}\n\\label{3.10}\n&&-\\sum_{i,j}(w(\\tilde{u})u_i-w(u)\\tilde{u}_i)_jv_{ji}\\\\\n&=&-\\sum_{i,j}(w_u(\\tilde{u})\\tilde{u}_ju_i-w_u(u)\\tilde{u}_iu_j)v_{ij}\\nonumber\\\\\n&&+w(u)\\sum_{i,j}(f(\\tilde{u})\\delta_{ij}-\\tilde{h}_{ij}\\tilde{\\varphi})v_{ij}-w(\\tilde{u})\\sum_{i,j}(f(u)\\delta_{ij}-h_{ij}\\varphi )v_{ij}\\nonumber\\\\\n&=&(w_u(u)-w_u(\\tilde{u}))\\sum_{i,j}\\tilde{u}_iu_jv_{ij}+w(\\tilde{u})\\varphi\\sum_{i,j}h_{ij}v_{ij}-w(u)\\tilde{\\varphi}\\sum_{i,j}\\tilde{h}_{ij}v_{ij}\\nonumber\\\\\n&=&-\\int^{\\tilde{u}}_{u}w_{ss}(s)ds\\sum_{i,j}u_i\\tilde{u}_jv_{ij}\\nonumber\\\\\n&&+w(u)\\tilde{\\varphi}\\left(\\frac{(n-1)n}{2}(f_u(\\tilde{u})-f_u(u))-(n-2)(n-1)(\\tilde{\\rho}\\Phi(\\tilde{u})-\\rho\\Phi(u))\\right.\\nonumber\\\\\n&&\\ \\ \\ \\ \\ \\ \\ \\ \\ \\ \\ \\ \\ \\left.+(n-1)(\\varphi^2\\Phi(u)-\\tilde{\\varphi}^2\\Phi(\\tilde{u}))-\\frac{1}{2}\\sum_{i,j}v_{ij}^2\\right)\\nonumber\\\\\n&&-w(\\tilde{u})\\varphi\\left(\\frac{(n-1)n}{2}(f_u(\\tilde{u})-f_u(u))-(n-2)(n-1)(\\tilde{\\rho}\\Phi(\\tilde{u})-\\rho\\Phi(u))\\right.\\nonumber\\\\\n&&\\ \\ \\ \\ \\ \\ \\ \\ \\ \\ \\ \\ \\ \\left.+(n-1)(\\varphi^2\\Phi(u)-\\tilde{\\varphi}^2\\Phi(\\tilde{u}))+\\frac{1}{2}\\sum_{i,j}v_{ij}^2\\right)\\nonumber,\\end{aligned}$$ where we have used , in the second, the third equality, respectively. ", "By and , we thus have $$\\label{3.11}\n\\begin{split}\n0 = & \\ (n-1)\\int_{\\Sigma}\\Big[w(u)\\tilde{\\varphi}\\Phi(\\tilde{u})(|\\nabla \\tilde{u}|^2+\\tilde{\\varphi}^2)+w(\\tilde{u})\\varphi\\Phi(u)(|\\nabla u|^2+\\varphi^2) \\\\ \n& \\ -(w(u)\\varphi\\Phi(u)+w(\\tilde{u})\\tilde{\\varphi}\\Phi(\\tilde{u}))(\\nabla u\\cdot\\nabla \\tilde{u}+\\varphi\\tilde{\\varphi})\\Big] \\\\\n&+\\int_{\\Sigma}\\sum_{i,j}u_i\\tilde{u}_jv_{ij} \\int^{\\tilde{u}}_uw_{ss}(s)ds -\\frac{(n-1)n}{2}\\int_{\\Sigma}w(u)\\tilde{\\varphi}\\int^{\\tilde{u}}_uf_{ss}(s)ds \\\\\n&+\\frac{(n-1)n}{2}\\int_{\\Sigma}w(\\tilde{u})\\varphi\\int^{\\tilde{u}}_uf_{ss}(s)ds+\\frac{1}{2}\\int_{\\Sigma}(w(u)\\tilde{\\varphi}+w(\\tilde{u})\\varphi)\\sum_{i,j}v_{ij}^2 \\\\ \n&+(n-2)(n-1)\\int_{\\Sigma}(w(u)\\tilde{\\varphi}-w(\\tilde{u})\\varphi)\\int^{\\tilde{u}}_u(\\rho\\Phi(s))_sds.", "\n\\end{split}$$ To handle the first integral on the right side of , we note that, by , $$\\label{3.12-g}\n\\begin{split}\n& \\ w(u)\\tilde{\\varphi}\\Phi(\\tilde{u})2\\tilde{\\rho}-w(u)\\tilde{\\varphi}\\Phi(u)2\\rho \n +w(\\tilde{u})\\varphi\\Phi(u)2\\rho \\\\\n & \\ -w(\\tilde{u})\\varphi\\Phi(\\tilde{u})2\\tilde{\\rho}\n +w(u)\\tilde{\\varphi}\\Phi(u)2\\rho+w(\\tilde{u})\\varphi\\Phi(\\tilde{u})2\\tilde{\\rho}\\\\\n& \\ -(w(u)\\varphi\\Phi(u)+w(\\tilde{u})\\tilde{\\varphi}\\Phi(\\tilde{u}))(\\nabla u\\cdot \\nabla\\tilde{u}+\\varphi\\tilde{\\varphi}) \\\\\n= & \\ w(u)\\tilde{\\varphi}\\int^{\\tilde{u}}_u(2\\Phi(s)\\rho(s))_sds-w(\\tilde{u})\\varphi\\int^{\\tilde{u}}_u(2\\Phi(s)\\rho(s))_sds \\\\\n& \\ +w(u)\\tilde{\\varphi}\\Phi(u)(|\\nabla u|^2+\\varphi^2)+w(\\tilde{u})\\varphi\\Phi(\\tilde{u})(|\\nabla\\tilde{u}|^2+\\tilde{\\varphi}^2) \\\\\n& \\ -w(u)\\varphi\\Phi(u)(\\nabla u\\cdot\\nabla\\tilde{u}+\\varphi\\tilde{\\varphi})-w(\\tilde{u})\\tilde{\\varphi}\\Phi(\\tilde{u})(\\nabla u\\cdot\\nabla\\tilde{u}+\\varphi\\tilde{\\varphi}) \\\\\n=& \\ w(u)\\tilde{\\varphi}\\int^{\\tilde{u}}_u(2\\Phi(s)\\rho(s))_sds-w(\\tilde{u})\\varphi\\int^{\\tilde{u}}_u(2\\Phi(s)\\rho(s))_sds \\\\\n& \\ +\\tilde{\\varphi}\\nabla G(u)\\cdot\\nabla u+\\varphi\\nabla G(\\tilde{u})\\cdot\\nabla\\tilde{u}-\\varphi\\nabla G(u)\\cdot\\nabla \\tilde{u}-\\tilde{\\varphi}\\nabla G(\\tilde{u})\\cdot \\nabla u, \n\\end{split}$$ where we define $G(s)=\\int w(s)\\Phi(s)ds.$ Integrating by parts, we have $$\\label{3.13}\n\\begin{split}\n&\\int_{\\Sigma}\\Big[\\tilde{\\varphi}\\nabla G(u)\\cdot\\nabla u+\\varphi\\nabla G(\\tilde{u})\\cdot\\nabla\\tilde{u}-\\varphi\\nabla G(u)\\cdot\\nabla\\tilde{u}-\\tilde{\\varphi}\\nabla G(\\tilde{u})\\cdot\\nabla u\\Big] \\\\\n=&\\int_{\\Sigma}\\Big[G(u)\\nabla(\\varphi\\nabla\\tilde{u})-G(u)\\nabla(\\tilde{\\varphi}\\nabla u)+G(\\tilde{u})\\nabla(\\tilde{\\varphi}\\nabla u)-G(\\tilde{u})\\nabla(\\varphi\\nabla\\tilde{u})\\Big] \\\\\n=&\\int_{\\Sigma}\\Big(G(\\tilde{u})-G(u)\\Big)\\Big(\\nabla\\tilde{\\varphi}\\cdot\\nabla u-\\nabla\\varphi\\cdot\\nabla\\tilde{u}+\\tilde{\\varphi}\\Delta u-\\varphi\\Delta\\tilde{u}\\Big) \\\\\n=&\\int_{\\Sigma}\\left[\\sum_{i,j}(\\tilde{h}_{ij}\\tilde{u}_iu_j-h_{ij}u_i\\tilde{u}_j)+\\tilde{\\varphi}(nf(u)-H\\varphi)-\\varphi(nf(\\tilde{u})-\\tilde{H}\\tilde{\\varphi})\\right] \\left(\\int^{\\tilde{u}}_uw(s)\\Phi(s)ds\\right)\\\\\n=&\\int_{\\Sigma} \\sum_{i,j}v_{ij}u_i\\tilde{u}_j \\left(\\int^{\\tilde{u}}_uw(s)\\Phi(s)ds\\right)\n+\\int_{\\Sigma}\\Big(nf(u)\\tilde{\\varphi}-nf(\\tilde{u})\\varphi\\Big)\\int^{\\tilde{u}}_uw(s)\\Phi(s)ds , \n\\end{split}$$ where we have used , and .", "\n\nNow, combing , and , we have $$\\label{3.14}\n\\begin{split}\n0 =& \\ \\frac{1}{2}\\int_{\\Sigma}(w(u)\\tilde{\\varphi}+w(\\tilde{u})\\varphi)\\sum_{i,j}v_{ij}^2 \\\\\n& \\ + \\int_{\\Sigma} \\sum_{i,j}u_i\\tilde{u}_jv_{ij} \\int^{\\tilde{u}}_u(w_{ss}(s)+(n-1)w(s)\\Phi(s))ds \\\\\n& \\ + \\int_{\\Sigma} (w(u)\\tilde{\\varphi}-w(\\tilde{u})\\varphi){ \\int^{\\tilde{u}}_u\\left[(n-1)n(\\Phi(s)\\rho(s))_s-\\frac{(n-1)n}{2}f_{ss}(s)\\right]ds} \\\\\n& \\ +(n-1)n\\int_{\\Sigma} (f(u)\\tilde{\\varphi}-f(\\tilde{u})\\varphi) \\int^{\\tilde{u}}_uw(s)\\Phi(s)ds .", "\n\\end{split}$$ Since $(\\rho\\Phi)_{u}=\\rho\\Phi_u+\\rho_u\\Phi=\\rho\\Phi_u+f\\Phi,$ by we have $$\\label{eq-rhophi}\n2(\\rho\\Phi)_u-f_{uu}=2\\rho\\Phi_u+2f\\Phi-f_{uu} =-2f\\Phi.$$ Inserting into , we thus obtain $$\\label{3.16}\n\\begin{split}\n0 = &\\frac{1}{2}\\int_{\\Sigma}(w(u)\\tilde{\\varphi}+w(\\tilde{u})\\varphi)\\sum_{i,j}v_{ij}^2 \\\\\n&+\\int_{\\Sigma} \\sum_{i,j}u_i\\tilde{u}_jv_{ij} \\int^{\\tilde{u}}_u(w_{ss}(s)+(n-1)\\Phi(s)w(s))ds \\\\\n&+(n-1)n\\int_{\\Sigma}\\tilde{\\varphi}\\left[-w(u)\\int^{\\tilde{u}}_uf(s)\\Phi(s)ds+f(u)\n\\int^{\\tilde{u}}_uw(s)\\Phi(s)ds\\right] \\\\\n&+(n-1)n\\int_{\\Sigma}\\varphi\\left[w(\\tilde{u})\\int^{\\tilde{u}}_uf(s)\\Phi(s)ds-f(\\tilde{u})\n\\int^{\\tilde{u}}_uw(s)\\Phi(s)ds\\right] .", "\n\\end{split}$$\n\nNow suppose $(N, d s^2)$ satisfies . ", "Let $ (r_0, r_1) \\subset I$ be an interval so that the coordinate $r$ varies between $r_0$ and $r_1$ for all points on $M$ and $ \\tilde M$. Similar to Section \\[sec-inf-rigi\\], we let $ w$ be a solution to the ODE $$w_{uu}+(n-1)\\Phi w=0 .$$ With such a choice of $ w$, the second integral on the right side of vanishes. ", "To handle the last two integrals, we note that $$\\label{4.13}\n\\begin{split}\n& f(u)\\int^{\\tilde{u}}_uw(s)\\Phi(s)ds-w(u)\\int^{\\tilde{u}}_uf(s)\\Phi(s) \\, ds\\\\\n=& \\int^{\\tilde{u}}_uf(u)f(s)\\left[\\frac{w(s)}{f(s)}-\\frac{w(u)}{f(u)}\\right]\\Phi(s) \\, ds ,\n\\end{split}$$ and $$\\label{4.13-t}\n\\begin{split}\n& f( \\tilde u)\\int^{\\tilde{u}}_uw(s)\\Phi(s)ds-w( \\tilde u)\\int^{\\tilde{u}}_uf(s)\\Phi(s) \\, ds\\\\\n=& \\int^{\\tilde{u}}_u f(\\tilde u)f(s)\\left[\\frac{w(s)}{f(s)}-\\frac{w ( \\tilde u)}{f( \\tilde u)}\\right]\\Phi(s) \\, ds . ", "\n\\end{split}$$ Thus, we want $ w/f$ to have a suitable monotonic property depending on the sign of $ \\Phi$. If $ \\Phi \\ge 0 $, we specify the initial conditions of $ w$ at $ r = r_0$ so that $w(r_0)>0 $, $ w_u(r_0)>0$ and \\[eq-initial-w-g\\] w\\_u(r\\_0)f(r\\_0)-w(r\\_0)f\\_u(r\\_0) 0 . ", "Then, by the argument in Section \\[sec-inf-rigi\\], we have $ w > 0 $ and $ w_u f - w f_u \\ge 0 $. ", "The latter then implies $ w/f $ is monotonically non-decreasing. ", "Hence, it follows from , and that $ v_{ij} = 0 $, provided $ \\varphi > 0 $ and $ \\tilde \\varphi > 0 $. ", "If $ \\Phi > 0 $, by choosing the inequality in to be strict, we then have $ w_u f - w f_u > 0 $. ", "In this case, $ w/f $ is strictly increasing, and we conclude from , and that $ u = \\tilde u $ everywhere on $ \\Sigma$. As a result, $M$ and $ \\tilde M$ differ by a rotation of $(N, d s^2)$.\n\nThe case $ \\Phi \\le 0 $ (and $ \\Phi < 0 $) are proved in a similar way by choosing the initial conditions of $ w$ at $ r = r_1$ so that $w(r_1)>0$, $w_u(r_1)<0$ and \\[eq-initial-w-2-g\\] w\\_u(r\\_1)f(r\\_1)-w(r\\_1)f\\_u(r\\_1) 0. ", "When $ \\Phi < 0 $, we choose the inequality in to be strict.", "\n\nTherefore, the discussion above has proved the following theorem, which is a restatement of Theorem \\[theo-intro\\].", "\n\nSuppose $(N, ds^2) = \\left( I \\times \\mathbb{S}^n, \\frac{1}{f^2(r)}dr^2+r^2d\\sigma \\right)$ satisfies , with either $ \\Phi \\ge 0 $ or $ \\Phi \\le 0 $. ", "Let $g$ be a Riemannian metric on $ \\Sigma = \\mathbb{S}^n$. Suppose $(\\Sigma, g)$ can be isometrically immersed into $(N,ds^2)$ as two hypersurfaces $M$ and $ \\tilde M$, both of which have positive support function. ", "If $M$ and $ \\tilde M$ have the same mean curvature, then $M$ and $\\tilde{M}$ have the same second fundamental form. ", "If in addition $\\Phi>0$ or $ \\Phi < 0$, then $M$ and $\\tilde{M}$ only differ by a rotation of the ambient space $(N, d s^2)$.\n\nIn view of the above proof, to draw the conclusion $ u = \\tilde u $, it suffices to require the set $ \\{ \\Phi > 0 \\} $ is dense in $ I$. On the other hand, if the set $\\{ \\Phi =0 \\} $ contains some open interval $\\tilde I $, then it is easily checked $(N,d s^2)$ contains a ring $ R = \\tilde I \\times \\mathbb{S}^n$ which is part of a space form. ", "In this case, if $M$ is contained in $R$, we can “translate\" $M$ in $ R$ by an isometry of that space form. ", "Obviously, such a “translation\" preserves the second fundamental form of $M$, but it may not be the restriction of a global isometry of $(N , ds^2)$.\n\nOther related rigidities {#sec-other}\n========================\n\nIn this last section, we will describe several related rigidity results.", "\n\nFirst, we consider rigidity of isometric hypersurfaces with the same $\\sigma_2$-curvature. ", "Recall that the $\\sigma_2$-curvature of a hypersurface $M$ is defined by \\[eq-sigma-2\\] \\_2 (h) = \\_[ i &lt; j]{} \\_i \\_j where $ \\{ \\kappa_i \\}$ are the principal curvature of $M$.\n\n\\[theo-inf-sigma2\\] Let $(N, ds^2) = \\left( I \\times \\mathbb{S}^n, \\frac{1}{f^2(r)}dr^2+r^2d\\sigma \\right)$ be a warped product space with $ \\Phi \\neq 0 $. ", "Let $g$ be a Riemannian metric on $ \\Sigma = \\mathbb{S}^n$. If $(\\Sigma, g)$ can be isometrically immersed into $(N, d s^2)$ as a hypersurface $M$ with nowhere vanishing mean curvature and nowhere vanishing support function, then the infinitesimal rigidity of $M$ with fixed $ \\sigma_2$-curvature holds. ", "Precisely, this means that if $(\\Sigma, g)$ admits a family of isometric immersion $\\{ \\iota_t \\}$ into $(N, d s^2)$ such that $ M_t = \\iota_t (\\Sigma)$ has the same $\\sigma_2$-curvature and $M_0 = M$, then the linearization of the second fundamental form of $M_t$ at $M$ is trivial.", "\n\nWe use the same notations in Section \\[sec-inf-rigi\\]. ", "By the assumptions, $$\\label{5.1}\n\\dot{\\sigma}_2 (h) =\\left.\\frac{d\\sigma_2(h)}{dt}\\right|_{t=0}=0; \\\n\\dot{g}_{ij}=\\left.\\frac{d g_{ij}}{dt}\\right|_{t=0}=0.$$ Hence, the linearization of gives $$\\begin{aligned}\n\\label{5.2}\n\\frac{n}{2}f_{uu}\\dot{u}-(n-2)(f\\Phi+\\rho\\Phi_u)\\dot{u}-2\\varphi\\dot{\\varphi}\\Phi-\\varphi^2\\Phi_{u}\\dot{u}=0.\\end{aligned}$$ Multiplying $\\dot{u}$ in both sides of and integrating on $(\\Sigma, g)$, we have $$\\begin{split}\n0 =&\\frac{n}{2}\\int_\\Sigma f_{uu}\\dot{u}^2-2\\int_\\Sigma (f\\dot{u}-\\nabla u\\cdot\\nabla\\dot{u})\\Phi\\dot{u}-\\int_\\Sigma (2\\rho-|\\nabla u|^2)\\Phi_{u}\\dot{u}^2 \\\\\n&-(n-2)\\int_\\Sigma (f\\Phi+\\rho\\Phi_u)\\dot{u}^2 \\\\\n=&\\frac{n}{2}\\int_\\Sigma (f_{uu}-2f\\Phi-2\\rho\\Phi_{u})\\dot{u}^2+\\int_\\Sigma \\Phi \\nabla u\\cdot\\nabla \\dot{u}^2+\\int_\\Sigma |\\nabla u|^2\\Phi_{u}\\dot{u}^2 \\\\\n=&\\frac{n}{2}\\int_\\Sigma (f_{uu}-2f\\Phi-2\\rho\\Phi_{u})\\dot{u}^2-\\int_\\Sigma \\Phi (\\Delta u) \\dot{u}^2 \\\\\n=&\\frac{n}{2}\\int_\\Sigma (f_{uu}-2f\\Phi-2\\rho\\Phi_{u})\\dot{u}^2+\\int_\\Sigma \\Phi (H\\varphi-nf)\\dot{u}^2 \\\\\n=&\\frac{n}{2}\\int_\\Sigma (f_{uu}-4f\\Phi-2\\rho\\Phi_{u})\\dot{u}^2+\\int_\\Sigma \\Phi H\\varphi\\dot{u}^2 .", "\n\\end{split}$$ Thus, by , we have $\\dot{u}=0$ since $ \\Phi H \\varphi \\neq 0 $. ", "In view of and , we conclude $\\dot{h}_{ij}=0$.\n\nUnlike the fixed mean curvature problem, Theorem \\[theo-inf-sigma2\\] does not need the assumption , and the Codazzi equations are not used in the proof.", "\n\nBy imposing a stronger assumption on $\\Phi$, we can prove the global rigidity result stated in Theorem \\[theo-intro-sigma-2\\].", "\n\nLet $(N, ds^2) = \\left( I \\times \\mathbb{S}^n, \\frac{1}{f^2(r)}dr^2+r^2d\\sigma \\right)$ be a warped product space with $\\Phi\\Phi_u>0$. Let $g$ be a Riemannian metric on $ \\Sigma = \\mathbb{S}^n$. Suppose $(\\Sigma, g)$ can be isometrically immersed into $(N, d s^2)$ as two hypersurfaces $M$ and $\\tilde M$. If $M$ and $ \\tilde M$ have the same $\\sigma_2$-curvature, then they differ by a rotation of the ambient space $(N, d s^2)$.\n\nWe make use of the maximum principle. ", "To illustrate the idea, we first give another proof of the infinitesimal rigidity in this setting. ", "Using , and , we can rewrite as nf+2u+|u|\\^2\\_u=0. ", "At the maximum and minimum points of the function $\\dot{u}$, we have $\\nabla \\dot{u}=0$, which implies $\\dot{u}=0$ at these points by the assumption $ \\Phi \\Phi_u > 0$. Thus, we have $\\dot{u}=0$ everywhere on $\\Sigma$.\n\nTo prove the global rigidity, we use the same notations from Section \\[sec-global-rigi\\]. ", "By , we have $$\\frac{n}{2}f_u-(n-2)\\rho\\Phi-\\varphi^2\\Phi=\\frac{n}{2}f_u(\\tilde{u})-(n-2)\\tilde{\\rho}\\Phi(\\tilde{u})-\\tilde{\\varphi}^2\\Phi(\\tilde{u}).$$ We can rewrite it as $$\\begin{split}\n &\\frac{n}{2}\\int^{\\tilde{u}}_uf_{ss}(s)ds \\\\\n = & \\ n\\int_{u}^{\\tilde{u}}(\\rho\\Phi)_s ds+ |\\nabla u|^2\\Phi(u)-|\\nabla\\tilde{u}|^2\\Phi(\\tilde{u}) \\\\\n = & \\ n\\int^{\\tilde{u}}_u\\left(f\\Phi+\\rho\\Phi_s\\right)ds+\\nabla(u-\\tilde{u})\\cdot\\nabla(u+\\tilde{u})\\Phi(u)+|\\nabla\\tilde{u}|^2(\\Phi(u)-\\Phi(\\tilde{u})) ,\n \\end{split}$$ which together with implies \\[eq-u-ud\\] n\\^\\_ufd s = (u-)(u+)(u) -||\\^2\\^\\_u\\_sds. ", "At the maximum and minimum points of the function $u-\\tilde{u}$, we have $\\nabla(u-\\tilde{u})=0$. Thus, implies $u=\\tilde{u}$ at these points since $ \\Phi \\Phi_u > 0 $. ", "Therefore, $u=\\tilde{u}$ on the entire $\\Sigma$, which implies $M$ and $ \\tilde M$ differ by a rotation of $(N,d s^2)$.\n\nThe techniques used in Sections \\[sec-inf-rigi\\] and \\[sec-global-rigi\\] indeed relate to a revisit of the rigidity of isometric embeddings of surfaces into space forms. ", "We give a brief review of the history of this rigidity problem. ", "It is known that the infinitesimal rigidity of closed convex surfaces in Euclidean spaces was shown by Cohn-Vossen [@CV2] and was simplified by Blaschke [@B1] using Minkowski identities. ", "The infinitesimal rigidity in hyperbolic spaces was discussed by Lin-Wang [@LW]. ", "In [@Li-Wang], the first and the third authors gave an alternative proof of the infinitesimal rigidity for convex surfaces in space forms. ", "The global rigidity was obtained by Cohn-Vossen [@CV1] for convex surfaces in Euclidean spaces. ", "In space forms, these rigidities are also known valid (cf. [", "@D; @GS]).", "\n\nBelow we give an alternate proof of the global rigidity using the methods from Sections \\[sec-inf-rigi\\] and \\[sec-global-rigi\\].", "\n\n\\[theo-rigidity-space-form\\] Suppose $(N, ds^2)$ is a $3$-dimensional space form. ", "Let $ g $ be a metric on the $2$-sphere $ \\mathbb{S}^2$. If $(\\mathbb{S}^2, g)$ can be isometrically embedded into $(N, d s^2)$ as a strictly convex surface $\\Sigma$, then the infinitesimal rigidity and global rigidity of $\\Sigma$ hold.", "\n\nIn a space form with constant sectional curvature $ - k$, we have $$\\Phi=0, f_u=k.$$ Thus, the Gauss equation becomes $$\\frac{\\det h}{\\det g}=K+k.$$ By “translating\" $\\Sigma$ in $(N, ds^2)$, we can always assume that the support function $ \\varphi$ of $\\Sigma$ is positive since $ \\Sigma$ is strictly convex.", "\n\nFirst we consider the infinitesimal rigidity. ", "The linearization of the Gauss-Codazzi equations gives $$\\begin{aligned}\n\\label{6.1}\n&h_{11}\\dot{h}_{22}+h_{22}\\dot{h}_{11}-2h_{12}\\dot{h}_{12}=0,\\\\\n&\\dot{h}_{ij,k}=\\dot{h}_{ik,j}.\\end{aligned}$$ By , we have $$\\dot{u}_{ij}=k\\dot{u}\\delta_{ij}-\\dot{h}_{ij}\\varphi-h_{ij}\\dot{\\varphi}.$$ Integrating by parts, we have $$\\begin{aligned}\n\\label{6.3}\n\\ \\ 0=\\int_{\\Sigma} \\Big[(f(u)\\dot{u}_1)_1\\dot{h}_{22}+(f(u)\\dot{u}_2)_2\\dot{h}_{11}-(f(u)\\dot{u}_1)_2\\dot{h}_{21}-(f(u)\\dot{u}_2)_1\\dot{h}_{12}\\Big].\\end{aligned}$$ On the other hand, we have $$(f(u)\\dot{u}_i)_j=f_uu_j\\dot{u}_i+f(u)\\dot{u}_{ij}=ku_j\\dot{u}_i+f(u)(k\\dot{u}\\delta_{ij}-\\dot{h}_{ij}\\varphi-h_{ij}\\dot{\\varphi}).$$ Inserting the above equality into , we have $$\\begin{aligned}\n\\label{6.4}\n\\\\\n&&\\int_{\\Sigma}\\Big[ku_1\\dot{u}_1\\dot{h}_{22}+kf(u)\\dot{u}\\dot{h}_{22}+ku_2\\dot{u}_2\\dot{h}_{11}+kf(u)\\dot{u}\\dot{h}_{11}-ku_1\\dot{u}_2\\dot{h}_{12}-ku_2\\dot{u}_1\\dot{h}_{21}\\Big]\\nonumber\\\\\n&&-2\\int_{\\Sigma}(\\dot{h}_{11}\\dot{h}_{22}-\\dot{h}_{12}\\dot{h}_{21})\\varphi=0\\nonumber.\\end{aligned}$$ Here we have used . ", "Integrating by part, we also have $$\\begin{aligned}\n\\label{6.5}\n&&\\int_{\\Sigma}\\Big[ku_1\\dot{u}_1\\dot{h}_{22}+ku_2\\dot{u}_2\\dot{h}_{11}-ku_1\\dot{u}_2\\dot{h}_{12}-ku_2\\dot{u}_1\\dot{h}_{21}\\Big]\\\\\n&=&-k\\int_{\\Sigma}\\dot{u}\\Big[({u}_1\\dot{h}_{22})_1+({u}_2\\dot{h}_{11})_2-({u}_2\\dot{h}_{12})_1-({u}_1\\dot{h}_{21})_2\\Big]\\nonumber\\\\\n&=&-k \\int_{\\Sigma}\\dot{u}\\Big[u_1(\\dot{h}_{221}-\\dot{h}_{122})+u_2(\\dot{h}_{112}-\\dot{h}_{211})+u_{11}\\dot{h}_{22}+u_{22}\\dot{h}_{11}-2u_{12}\\dot{h}_{12}\\Big]\\nonumber\\\\\n&=&-k \\int_{\\Sigma}\\dot{u}\\Big[\\dot{h}_{22}(f(u)-h_{11}\\varphi)+\\dot{h}_{11}(f(u)-h_{22}\\varphi)-2\\dot{h}_{12}(-h_{12}\\varphi)\\Big] \\nonumber\\\\\n&=&-k\\int_{\\Sigma}\\dot{u}(\\dot{h}_{11}+\\dot{h}_{22})f(u).\\nonumber\\end{aligned}$$ Combing and , we obtain $$\\begin{aligned}\n\\label{6.6}\n\\int_{\\Sigma}(\\dot{h}_{11}\\dot{h}_{22}-\\dot{h}^2_{12})\\varphi=0.\\end{aligned}$$ At any given point, by computing in a normal coordinate chart that diagonalizes $ h_{ij}$, it is easily seen that , together with the convexity of $\\Sigma$, implies $$\\dot{h}_{11}\\dot{h}_{22}-\\dot{h}_{12}^2\\leq 0.$$ Hence, from , we obtain $\\dot{h}=0$.\n\nNext, we modify the previous argument to prove the global rigidity. ", "Suppose $\\Sigma$ and $\\tilde{\\Sigma}$ are two isometrically embedded convex surfaces. ", "Suppose their second fundamental forms are $h$ and $\\tilde{h}$, respectively. ", "Then, $v=\\tilde{h}-h$ satisfies $$\\begin{aligned}\n&&h_{11}v_{22}+h_{22}v_{11}-2h_{12}v_{12}+v_{11}v_{22}-v_{12}^2=0,\\nonumber\\\\\n&&\\tilde{h}_{11}v_{22}+\\tilde{h}_{22}v_{11}-2\\tilde{h}_{12}v_{12}-v_{11}v_{22}+v_{12}^2=0\\nonumber, \\end{aligned}$$ by the Gauss equations. ", "Thus, we have $$\\begin{aligned}\n\\label{6.1-g}\n(h_{11}+\\tilde{h}_{11})v_{22}+(h_{22}+\\tilde{h}_{22})v_{11}-2(h_{12}+\\tilde{h}_{12})v_{12}=0.\\end{aligned}$$ If we compute in a normal coordinate chart that diagonalizes $ h + \\tilde{h} $, then and the convexity of $ \\Sigma$ and $ \\tilde \\Sigma$ show $v_{11}$ and $v_{22}$ have different sign. ", "Thus, we have $$\\begin{aligned}\n\\label{6.8}\nv_{11}v_{22}-v_{12}^2\\leq 0.\\end{aligned}$$ The Codazzi equations imply $$\\begin{aligned}\nv_{ij,k}=v_{ik,j}.\\end{aligned}$$ Integrating by part, we have $$\\begin{aligned}\n\\label{6.10}\n 0&=&\\int_{\\Sigma} \\Big[(f(\\tilde{u})u_1-f(u)\\tilde{u}_1)_1v_{22}+(f(\\tilde{u})u_2-f(u)\\tilde{u}_2)_2v_{11}\\\\\n&& -(f(\\tilde{u})u_1-f(u)\\tilde{u}_1)_2v_{21}-(f(\\tilde{u})u_2-f(u)\\tilde{u}_2)_1v_{12}\\Big].\\nonumber\\end{aligned}$$ On the other hand, we have $$\\begin{aligned}\n&&(f(\\tilde{u})u_i-f(u)\\tilde{u}_i)_j\\nonumber\\\\\n&=&f(\\tilde{u})u_{ij}-f(u)\\tilde{u}_{ij} +k(\\tilde{u}_{j}u_i-u_j\\tilde{u}_i)\\nonumber\\\\\n&=&f(\\tilde{u})(f(u)\\delta_{ij}-h_{ij}\\varphi)-f(u)(f(\\tilde{u})\\delta_{ij}-\\tilde{h}_{ij}\\tilde{\\varphi})+k(\\tilde{u}_{j}u_i-u_j\\tilde{u}_i)\\nonumber\\\\\n&=&-f(\\tilde{u})h_{ij}\\varphi+f(u)\\tilde{h}_{ij}\\tilde{\\varphi}+k(\\tilde{u}_{j}u_i-u_j\\tilde{u}_i)\\nonumber.\\end{aligned}$$ Inserting the above equality into , we obtain $$\\begin{aligned}\n\\label{6.11}\n\\\\\n0&=&\\int_{\\Sigma}\\Big[-f(\\tilde{u})(h_{11}v_{22}+h_{22}v_{11}-2h_{12}v_{12})\\varphi+f(u)(\\tilde{h}_{11}v_{22}+\\tilde{h}_{22}v_{11}-2\\tilde{h}_{21}v_{12})\\tilde{\\varphi}\\Big]\\nonumber\\\\\n&=&\\int_{\\Sigma}(f(\\tilde{u})\\varphi+f(u)\\tilde{\\varphi})(v_{11}v_{22}-v_{12}^2)\\nonumber.\\end{aligned}$$ Here we have used . ", "Combing and , we conclude $v=0$. Thus, $ \\Sigma$ and $ \\tilde \\Sigma$ have the same first and second fundamental forms. ", "Since $(N, d s^2) $ is a space form, we conclude that $ \\Sigma$ and $ \\tilde \\Sigma$ are same up to an isometry of $(N, d s^2)$.\n\n[**Acknowledgement**]{}. ", "The main part of this work was completed when the first author was visiting Fudan University in 2017. ", "He would like to thank Fudan University for the hospitality and support. ", "The authors also thank Siyuan Lu for helpful conversations.", "\n\n[99]{}\n\nA.D. Alexandrov, [*Uniqueness theorems for surfaces in the large I*]{}, Vesnik Leningrad Univ. ", "11, 5-17 (1956).", "\n\nR. Bartnik, [*New definition of quasilocal mass*]{}, Phys. ", "Rev. Lett., [**", "62**]{} (1989), 2346–2348.", "\n\nW. Blaschke, [*Vorlesungen Uber Differentialgeometrie*]{}, Vol. ", "1, Julis Springer, Berlin, 1924.", "\n\nH. L. Bray, [*Proof of the Riemannian Penrose inequality using the positive mass theorem*]{}. 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{ "pile_set_name": "ArXiv" }

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[ "\n242 S.W.2d 701 (1951)\nGRAYS\nv.\nSTATE.", "\nNo. ", "4669.", "\nSupreme Court of Arkansas.", "\nOctober 8, 1951.", "\nElbert S. Johnson and Gene Bradley, Blytheville, for appellant.", "\nIke Murry, Atty. ", "Gen., George E. Lusk, Jr., Asst. ", "Atty. ", "Gen, for appellee.", "\nWARD, Justice.", "\nOn March 12, 1951, appellant, Arthur Nox Grays, was charged with first degree *702 murder for the killing of Homer Tucker on the 4th day of the same month. ", "Tucker was a taxi driver operating out of Blytheville and the killing occurred about eight miles east of there near a place called Amorel. ", "The trial, held on the 7th day of the following May, resulted in a conviction for murder in the first degree with the death penalty attached. ", "Motion for a new trial was filed and overruled and on May 9th the court sentenced appellant to be electrocuted on the 15th day of August, 1951. ", "From the above sentence and judgment of tne court this appeal has been properly executed.", "\nThe deceased left Blytheville in his taxicab some time during the night of Saturday, March 3, 1951, with appellant in the back seat and another colored man, called \"Albert\", who is charged with the same offense and to be tried later, in the front seat with the deceased. ", "Later that night about one o'clock the deceased was found dead on the road near his own car. ", "There was blood on both seats of the car and on all the door handles. ", "Deceased had been stabbed in several places about the throat with a knife or other sharp instrument. ", "Appellant, when apprehended the next morning, first claimed that three boys had committed the murder after they had forced him to take off his clothes and give to them, but later changed his story. ", "Appellant admitted that \"Albert\" asked him for his knife and after he had given it to him, \"Albert\" inflicted the mortal wounds. ", "When appellant was arrested at his home the officers found his clothes were spotted with blood and he had in his possession a pocket book which belonged to the deceased and which contained deceased's social security card. ", "A knife with blood on it, found in a field near the scene of the murder, was identified as belonging to appellant and appeared to be the same knife he admitted getting from a neighbor some time previously.", "\nIn the defendant's statement which was admitted in evidence, he admitted, among other things, that he and a \"dark boy\", whose name he did not know, talked about robbing Mr. Tucker a few hours before the killing; that they got in the taxi with Tucker and started out; that he let the other boy, who was in the front seat, have his knife with which he stabbed Tucker; that he got blood on his trousers, shirt, and jacket; that the knife he threw in the cotton field was his and that he handled it after it had blood on it; and that he took Tucker's pocket book while he (Tucker) was scuffling in the front seat.", "\nNo testimony was introduced on behalf of the defendant (appellant).", "\nDuring the course of the trial the defendant objected to the introduction of the pocket book or billfold in evidence on the ground that the proof did not show that it was in the same condition as when taken from him. ", "We find no error in this connection. ", "The pocket book was identified by the widow of the deceased as being his and, though some of the money had been taken out, the pocket book had been in no way altered. ", "It was competent to show a connection between the defendant and the murder. ", "In the case of Cross v. State, 200 Ark. 1165, 143 S.W.2d 530, 531, the court used this language: \"Where the changed condition of clothing worn by deceased when killed does not prevent them from tending to prove or disprove an issue in the case, then it is proper to admit the clothes to be introduced in evidence.\"", "\nThe only other objection made by the defendant related to the introduction of pictures of the deceased's taxicab. ", "After both sides had rested, the court, over the objection of the defendant, allowed the pictures to be introduced by the State. ", "Again we find no error prejudicial to appellant. ", "The pictures were shown to have been properly taken soon after the murder and they accurately showed the condition of the car with reference to blood stains about which testimony had been given. ", "In fact no contention was made that the pictures were not accurate or properly made. ", "This court has many times held photographs to be admissible in evidence. ", "In the case of Simmons v. State, 184 Ark. 373, 42 S.W.2d 549, 551, it was said: \"The *703 objection to the photographs was that they were immaterial and do not shed any light on the case as to defendant's guilt or innocence, and that they were introduced for the purpose of inflaming the minds of the jury. ", "The photographs introduced in this case were shown to have been accurately taken, and to correctly represent what they intended to show. ", "This court stated the rule, with reference to the introduction of the photographs, as follows: `As a general rule photographs are admissible in evidence when they are shown to have been accurately taken, and to be correct representations of the subject in controversy and are of such a nature as to throw light upon it.' ", "Sellers v. State, 91 Ark. 175, 120 S.W. 840, 842; Washington v. State, 181 Ark. 1011, 28 S.W.2d 1055; Nicholas v. State, 182 Ark. 309, 31 S.W.2d 527.\" ", "Appellant, however, contends that it was improper to allow them to be introduced after both sides had rested. ", "This was a matter that addressed itself to the sound discretion of the court and under the circumstances we think the court did not abuse its discretion. ", "Our court sustains this view in Levells v. State, 32 Ark. 585, where it was said: \"The testimony of Whitlow would have been more properly offered before the evidence of the defendant was adduced, but its admission at the time when offered was within the sound discretion of the court, which, without some showing to the contrary, we must presume was properly and judiciously exercised.\" ", "Also, to the same effect in Walker v. State, 100 Ark. 180, 139 S.W. 1139, 1140: \"Error of the court is assigned in permitting the state to introduce testimony, not properly in rebuttal, after defendant had rested his case. ", "The statute (Kirby's Digest, § 2378) authorizes the presentation of testimony in chief after the defendant has closed his case when it appears to be necessary `in furtherance of justice,' and of that the trial court must be the judge. ", "It rests within the sound discretion of trial courts to permit testimony to be adduced out of time, and the exercise of that discretion will not be disturbed by this court, unless an abuse is shown.\" ", "The same rule was likewise announced in Whittaker v. State, 173 Ark. 1172, 294 S.W. 397, 399, in this language: \"The reopening of a case for the re-examination of a witness, or the taking of further testimony after the testimony on both sides has been concluded and the cause has been submitted to the jury, is a matter, under our statutes and decisions, within the sound discretion of the trial court, and this court will not reverse the ruling of the trial court unless it appears that the court, in making such ruling, has abused its discretion.\"", "\nIn addition to the above, appellant sets out in the motion for a new trial three additional grounds for a reversal, vis: The verdict and judgment are (a) contrary to the law; (b) contrary to the evidence; and (c) contrary to the law and the evidence. ", "These three contentions, with the exception mentioned below, merely challenge the sufficiency of the evidence. ", "This is true because it is not insisted that there is any error contained in the instructions, and after a careful scrutiny we find none. ", "In our opinion the evidence is sufficient to support the verdict of the jury and the judgment of the court. ", "The testimony must be viewed in the light most favorable to the State as announced many times by this court and recently in Coffer v. State, 211 Ark. 1010, 204 S.W.2d 376, 378: \"On appeal, we are required to view the testimony in the light most favorable to the State, and the jury's verdict, when supported by substantial evidence, as here, is binding on us. ", "Brown v. State, 208 Ark. 180, 185 S.W.2d 274.\"", "\nAs intimated above, this leaves for consideration the principal contention of appellant that there is no evidence to show malice, premeditation and deliberation. ", "It is argued that if the information had charged (as it did not) the defendant with killing the deceased while in the perpetration of robbery, it would not have been necessary to prove malice, premeditation and deliberation. ", "It is true that these are necessary elements of first degree murder, but it is also true that these elements may be inferred from other facts and circumstances, *704 as has been consistently held by this court. ", "In the case of Ezell v. State, 217 Ark. 94, 229 S.W.2d 32, 36, we find: \"The state is not bound to prove a motive for the killing and the absence thereof is only a circumstance to be considered with other facts and circumstances in determining guilt or innocence. ", "Hogue v. State, 93 Ark. 316, 124 S.W. 783, 130 S.W. 167.\" ", "Also see Craig v. State, 205 Ark. 1100, 172 S, W.2d 256, 257, where it was said:\n\"While the intent to kill cannot be implied as a matter of law, it may be inferred from facts and circumstances of the assault, such as the use of a deadly weapon in a manner indicating an intention to kill, or an act of violence which ordinarily would be calculated to produce death, or great bodily harm. * * *", "\n\n* * * * * *\n\"Under the express provisions of our statute `malice shall be implied when no considerable provocation appears, or when all the circumstances of the killing manifest an abandoned and wicked disposition.' ", "Pope's Digest, § 2967.\"", "\nIn our opinion the facts and circumstances surrounding this case as set forth above are such as to support the finding of the jury on all the necessary elements constituting first degree murder.", "\nDuring the trial of the case below the prosecution sought to introduce in evidence a question-and-answer statement signed and sworn to by the defendant, in the presence of witnesses, and the defendant's counsel stated to the court that he would like to cross-examine the witness before the statement was admitted. ", "In reply, the court stated that it would be admitted temporarily with the understanding that after later cross-examination, if it appeared the statement was not admissible, it would be withdrawn. ", "This procedure was followed without any further objections by the defense. ", "Later, after full examination and cross-examination, the court, without any objections on the part of the defense, admitted the statement as exhibit number four. ", "In our opinion this procedure was in no way prejudicial to the defendant. ", "It further appears to us that the facts and circumstances surrounding the taking of defendant's statement, as disclosed by the evidence and the statement itself, clearly shows that it was properly admissible in evidence.", "\nThe judgment of the lower court is affirmed.", "\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "FreeLaw" }

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[ "Preston Selected To Speak At International Builder Conference\n\nCRG Represents Myrtle Beach At Construction Conference\n\nPreston Guyton was selected to join a panel of some of the industry’s best to share their challenges and successes, as well as their thoughts on the future of the home building industry. ", "He joins three of his Top 40 Under 40 colleagues selected to lead he discussion at the 2017 International Builder Show in Orlando.", "\n\nCharacteristics Of The Top 40\n\nThis prestigious award is given annually to an elite group of young leaders who've demonstrated success in both their careers and community involvement. ", "All professionals in the home building industry and related fields who are under 40 years of age are eligible for nomination. ", "This pool of nominees are judged by the editors of Professional Builderfor demonstrating the following qualities and characteristics:\n\nLeadership Skills\n\nInnovation\n\nCareer Progress\n\nDedication\n\nPersonal Integrity\n\nTechnical Skills/Education\n\nCommunity Outreach/Volunteer Work\n\nFocused Leadership & Community Giving\n\nPreston was selected based on his team focused business model that has allowed CRG Companies to experience rapid growth by utilizing the key strengths of each employee and implementing a higher standard of building. ", "CRG Companies, under Preston's leadership, exemplifies the career accomplishments Professional Builder seeks for their Top 40 Under 40 list. ", "Preston was selected based on his business model that was developed to simultaneously benefit his team, the housing industry, and the local community. ", "Green building techniques, fresh design, and quality construction built for the future are at the forefront of each construction project at CRG Companies.", "\n\nFrom this success Preston and his team have worked to continually give back to their community through support of local non-profits in the form of services, goods and monetary donations. ", "CRG Companies most recent donation of a fully custom home for Habitat for Humanity of Horry County was also a featured project of his nomination. ", "Always humble in his accomplishments, Preston credits his supportive family, the hard work of the CRG Companies professional employees, and his early career experiences as the catalyst for his success as a real estate broker and custom home builder along the South Carolina coast." ]

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[ "Inhibition of interleukin-6 synthesis in an animal model of septic shock by anti-C5a monoclonal antibodies.", "\nThe complement activation fragment C5a was recently shown to induce interleukin (IL)-6 synthesis by peripheral blood mononuclear cells. ", "To understand better the role of C5a in cytokine regulation in vivo, we investigated the effects of complement depletion by cobra venom factor (CVF) or of anti-C5a monoclonal antibodies (mAb) on IL-6 generation in an animal model of septic shock. ", "Complement-depleted pigs which were subsequently challenged with Escherichia coli generated significantly (p < 0.05) less IL-6 during the 6-h observation period than complement-sufficient controls. ", "To address specifically the role of C5a in IL-6 regulation, we produced a C5a(57-74) peptide-specific mAb (T13/9) which neutralizes the bioactivity of porcine C5a. ", "The mAb T13/9 does not cross-react with the precursor protein C5. ", "The pretreatment of pigs with anti-C5a mAb T13/9 prior to the induction of sepsis resulted in a decrease of over 75% in serum IL-6 bioactivity compared to control animals (p < 0.0001). ", "These results indicate a role for C5a in the modulation of IL-6 synthesis in Gram-negative bacteremia." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }

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[ "Registrar's Office\n\nFinal Grades and transcripts\n\nAll grades for the Fall 2001 semester were due February\n1, 2002. ", "Students should be able to view their grades on-line\nthrough the webmail account. ", "At this time, fall grades will\nbe available for students who need to have official transcripts\nof their grades.", "\n\nClass Ranks\n\nClass ranks for Fall 2001 will be available during the\nweek of February 11, 2002. ", "Students can access their rank\non-line through the webmail account. ", "Students who have completed\nat least one academic year at the law school are ranked\neach semester according to their cumulative GPA. ", "Classes\nare ranked by expected date of graduation. ", "Each July, an\nofficial class rank is assigned to each graduate. ", "The official\nclass ranks for students who are not graduating are computed\ntwice each academic year after the grades have been processed\nfor the fall and spring semesters. ", "The class rank is not\naffected by students who transcfer to another law school\nor withdraw from the law school after the semester is completed.", "\nThe transferred students will not be included in the next\ncomputation of class ranks. ", "Once class ranks are released\nto students, ranks will not be affected by grade changes\nsubmitted by instructors subsequent to that date.", "\n\nValadation Stickers\n\nSpring 2002 validation stickers will be\navailable during the week of February 4, 2002.", "\n\nChange of Division Request\n\nAll Change of division requests for the\nFall 2002 semester are due to our office by February 18,\n2002. ", "Students can access this form on-line through the\nweb-mail account.", "\n\nPass/Fail Elections for the Spring term\n\nIf you would like to take course on a pass/fail basis,\nyou must notify us of your intent to do so by February\n8, 2002. ", "Section 2.4 of the Chicago-Kent College of\nLaw Student Handbook outlines the regulations for pass/fail\ncredit.", "\n\n§ 2.4 Pass/Fail Election A student in good standing may elect to take six credit\nhours on a pass/fail basis in accordance with the limitations\nof this section, provided that the student designates such\nan election by the end of the second week of the fall semester,\nthe end of the fourth week of the spring semester, and the\nend of the first week of the summer session. ", "After the deadline,\nthe student may not convert from the standard grading system\nto pass/fail. ", "However, a student may revoke the pass/fail\nelection and convert from the pass/fail election to the\nstandard grading system at any time up to the last day of\nclass for the semester or the summer term. ", "A student may\nnot revoke a revocation and re-elect pass/fail after the\ndeadline for making the pass/fail election. ", "No more than\nsix credit hours taken under this election will count toward\nthe graduation credit requirement. ", "A student may submit\nelection forms for up to six hours of pass/fail; forms submitted\nwhich will exceed six hours are null and void. ", "If a student\ngoes on academic probation, all pass/fail elections the\nstudent made for the probationary semester are nullified.", "\n\nIn order to earn the grade of \"pass\" in a\ncourse for which the pass/fail election has been made, the\nstudent must earn at least the grade of C. If a student\nearns a C- or lower, the student will be awarded the grade\nof LP (Low Pass); see Handbook §6.6.", "\n\nThe pass/fail election does not apply to: (1) a course\nrequired for the degree, including Professional Responsibility;\n(2) a seminar, whether or not being taken to fulfill the\nseminar requirement; (3) a course that has been designated\nby the instructor before registration as unavailable for\npass/fail; (4) a course offered only on a pass/fail basis,\nsuch as Law Review, Moot Court, and clinical courses; (5)\nthe classroom component of all clinical courses; (6) LL.M.\ncourses; (7) Appellate Advocacy and Trial Advocacy courses;\nnor (8) any course being taken to fulfill the requirements\nof any Certificate Program.", "\n\nA student may not receive credit toward graduation for\nmore than 19 credit hours graded on a pass/fail basis, including\ncourses taken under this election and the courses listed\nin §2.7. ", "Note: credits for which a student may only\nreceive a pass/fail grade, such as Law Review, Moot Court\nHonor Society, the fieldwork portion of clinical classes,\nIndependent Research or credits transferred from another\nlaw school, do not affect a student's right to elect six\nhours of pass/fail credits under this section.", "\n\nTo elect a course on a pass/fail basis, you should log\non to the Chicago-Kent Web-for-Students and follow the \"online\nforms\" link to the pass/fail form. ", "If you have any\nquestions, please contact the Registrar's Office." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }

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[ "Force regulates smooth muscle actin in cardiac fibroblasts.", "\nChronic ventricular pressure overload can regulate expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin (SMA) in cardiac fibroblasts, but it is unclear if force alone or the concomitant activity of angiotensin II is the principal regulatory factor. ", "To test if SMA mRNA and protein in rat cardiac fibroblasts are regulated directly by force, we first induced SMA expression in cultured cells and then applied magnetically generated perpendicular forces through focal adhesions using collagen-coated magnetite beads. ", "Continuous static forces (0.65 pN/micrometer(2)) selectively reduced SMA but not beta-actin mRNA and protein content within 4 h (to 55 +/- 9% of controls); SMA returned to baseline by 8 h. There was no change in SMA content after force application with either plasma or the cellular fibronectin IIIA domain, BSA, or poly-L-lysine beads. ", "The early loss of SMA was apparently due to selective leakage into the cell culture medium. ", "Treatment with angiotensin II (10 nM) abrogated the force-induced reduction of SMA and increased the levels of this protein. ", "The stress kinase p38 was phosphorylated by force, whereas extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 and c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase were unaffected. ", "The p38 kinase inhibitor SB-203580 relieved the force-induced SMA reduction. ", "We conclude that force-induced inhibition of SMA is mediated through the p38 kinase pathway, and this pathway antagonizes angiotensin II regulation of SMA." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }

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[ "Q:\n\nAngularJS and Laravel 4 controllers, multi page app\n\nThis question is regarding best practices and application architecture for Laravel 4 and AngularJS\nIs it advisable to create an RESTful application in Laravel 4 that serves a blade template for each \"section\" or \"area\" of the application and provides and API to access RESTful JSON data within these areas calling AngularJS pratials. ", "Or is it better to serve as a single page AngularJS application.", "\nA better description would be calling a \"DashbaordController@get\" controller method and serving a larvel blade template from here. ", "then the rest of the dashboard \"area\" is handled by AngularJS and its partial templates through a RESTful JSON API in the DashboardController.", "\n\nA:\n\nIt all depends on what you want to do. ", "\nSPA: \nYou could create a master.blade.php and use angulars routing. ", "This way you only need to specify the resource in laravel and call it inside angular.", "\nNot spa: \nUse laravel to create the routes and let laravel create the views. ", "\nYou only need to create different view templates, which hold references to your \nangular controllers. ", " \nPartial SPA:\nYou could route everything past domain.com/admin through angular.", "\n\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "StackExchange" }

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[ "Q:\n\nCould a river on Earth be made of a liquid other than water?", "\n\nSo far as I can research, all rivers on Earth are flowing water. ", "There are other substances that are liquid at room temperature. ", "Are there any natural processes that could create a river of something other than water? ", "I'm not talking just emptying a reservoir... I'm taking like a grove of maple trees making enough syrup to canoe on (not plausible, just for example) or similar renewable cycle to keep the river flowing. ", "I've been trying to design one with no luck. (", "Acceptable would be a natural pump that recycled the fluid back to the start. ", "I only need it to flow about 50 km.)", "\n\nA:\n\nThe simplest answer is theoretically \"yes\" because there are many chemicals that are liquid at Earth's surface tempeatures.", "\nBut there aren't many (other than water) that have the right combination of all the attributes you need.", "\n\nLiquid at surface temperature & pressures (T&P)\nAvailable on the surface\nEvaporates at surface T&P\nCondenses at atmospheric T&P\nLight enough to be airborne at atmospheric T&P\n\nWater isn't the most common liquid on Earth. ", " Magma and the liquid iron we think is at the core are. ", " Oil comes after water, if I remember correctly.", "\nThe problem is magma and iron don't remain liquid at surface temperatures and oil doesn't evaporate/condense in the atmosphere. ", " So, no rivers.", "\nAs Dubukay points out in his comment, you can have temporary rivers, if there's enough volume. ", " As you point out, there isn't enough maple syrup (a pity, that). ", " I'm also a fan of honey, but there's not enough of it, either. ", "Oh, and Willy Wonka's river of chocolate. ", " But that's not naturally occuring (and that's the greatest pity of all). ", "\nAdding to this, you could use methanols, ethanols, alcohols, gasoline (not naturally occuring, but we'll include it), but they're all so volatile that they don't remain liquid very long and won't condense in the atmosphere.", "\nIt's really staggering to realize just how much water there is... and how magic it is... It's the goldilocks \"just right\" stuff. ", " There's enough of it to consistently make rivers, it remains liquid at most surface T&P, it evaporates and condenses. ", " It does everything you need to make a permanent river. ", " And it's the only thing that checks all the boxes.", "\nAnd I'm assuming that water-based solutions aren't part of the question, such as blood. ", " But, frankly, there isn't enough of that, either. ", " But it's worth pointing out that it doesn't count because it's just a water solution with something in it. ", " If it counted, you'd need to differentiate between muddy water and pure water. ", " So, \"rivers of blood\" must remain the provence of poets.", "\nSo, assuming what you're asking is whether or not it's possible to have natural rivers of anything other than water, the answer is no.", "\n\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "StackExchange" }

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[ "1. ", "INTRODUCTION {#nup12314-sec-0001}\n===============\n\nThe International Year of the Nurse and Midwife has not quite played out as we might have imagined. ", "A year of celebrations was anticipated. ", "A much‐needed injection of morale boost among the worlds' nursing population. ", "But then, our celebrations were cut short at dawn, as COVID‐19, probably the worst pandemic since the H1N1 influenza in 1918 better known as the Spanish flu, arrived. ", "As a profession, we rallied in response, equipped with our socially constructed caring professionalism and scientific expertise. ", "The faces of many exhausted nurses treating and caring for the sickest people populated our social and traditional media screens. ", "And then, the insidious creep of patient, nurse, and medical professionals' deaths around the world 'followed; with the removal of our usual \"norms,\" uncertainty became the hallmark of our immediate future. ", "On the one hand, this circumstance has amplified the public perception of nurses' professional relevance to humanity, and on the other hand, COVID‐19 has effectively rained on our party---the celebrations for the International Year of the Nurse and Midwife postponed (not that they had really reached the public). ", "Nevertheless, there is time to pause and reflect on the state of nursing in the world in 2020, to ask ourselves how we will successfully propel our discipline forward in and beyond these adverse times, and to consider how we might mitigate our propensity to miss opportunities for taking our profession forward. ", "How will we be ready to capture the public mood of goodwill when the celebratory international year comes around again? ", "We suggest that a feminist standpoint theoretical lens may help us to understand our epistemological advantage to position our profession progressively for the future (Ashton & McKenna, [2020](#nup12314-bib-0001){ref-type=\"ref\"}).", "\n\n2. ", "THE SOCIAL OPPRESSION OF NURSING WITHIN A FIELD DOMINATED BY MEDICALLY FRAMED ASSUMPTIONS {#nup12314-sec-0002}\n============================================================================================\n\nThere are over 20 million nurses in the world, and typically 90% of the nursing workforce are women (Boniol, McIsaac, Xu, Wuliji, & Diallo, [2019](#nup12314-bib-0002){ref-type=\"ref\"}). ", "Nurses are caring science professionals, and they are a valuable contribution to world health representing the largest disciplinary proportion (59%) of the health professions sector. ", "Despite the extremely large workforce population, nurses continue to be under‐represented in global healthcare policy and governance which is dominated by the smaller workforce sector of medicine. ", "The default medical hierarchical and patriarchal dominance of global health decision‐making persists, with the caring sciences relegated to lesser significance, funding, and influence, despite scientific scholarly and practice capacity to participate on equal footings (Grace & Zumstein‐Shaha, [2020](#nup12314-bib-0005){ref-type=\"ref\"}).", "\n\nCaring has traditionally been regarded as the work of women, carrying with it the societal expectations of caring for children and young people, older adults, and people with disabilities (Hartsock, [1983](#nup12314-bib-0007){ref-type=\"ref\"}). ", "The lower societal hierarchical order associated with caring work continues to perpetuate the social oppression of carers who have traditionally been unpaid or underpaid, attributed to low socioeconomic status and associated political powerlessness (Hartsock, [1983](#nup12314-bib-0007){ref-type=\"ref\"}). ", "However, this form of gendered social oppression has enabled the caring profession to develop radical new epistemologies, which, on reflection, enables a theoretical standpoint of epistemological advantage (Ashton & McKenna, [2020](#nup12314-bib-0001){ref-type=\"ref\"}). ", "We see things in a way that others cannot, and will not, and it influences our perspectives and our capacity to describe phenomena insightfully; it is just not always what the dominant and powerful around us want to hear, or respond too.", "\n\nIn the case of nurses, this means our unique experiences, located within a socially oppressed context, have enabled us to develop different perspectives and formulate specific knowledge (Ashton & McKenna, [2020](#nup12314-bib-0001){ref-type=\"ref\"}). ", "From a philosophical perspective, we have an epistemological advantage that uniquely enables us to understand complex human conditions of disadvantage, distress, and inequity from a scientific theoretical standpoint; to create unique evidence to solve human health problems; and to foster health‐forming beliefs within society (Harding, [1991](#nup12314-bib-0006){ref-type=\"ref\"}). ", "This may be what we believe of ourselves; however, when the press and public invoke the angel discourse (as we have seen), they compound the reference to women\\'s work and add a religious overlay, reinforcing the saintly narrative with the element of self‐sacrificial service to others. ", "Thus, the \"sacred\" work is deemed reasonably remunerated with honour, rather than finance or social privilege, belatedly bestowed in a heavenly afterlife as though it is some type of superannuation or pension for service rendered. ", "As an artefact of the caring paradigm and a legacy of historical female subservience, nursing too often continues to be overlooked in the bias of a hegemonic masculinist and biomedical view of the scientific health and political world (Carryer, [2019](#nup12314-bib-0003){ref-type=\"ref\"}). ", "Our epistemological advantage also dismissed outright by society\\'s belief in supernatural recognition instead. ", "The perpetuation of a power and influence gap between nursing and medicine persists. ", "This is a powerful historical impediment for a nursing profession that is increasingly highly scientific and academic in practice and central to the need to increase the focus on preventative primary health care.", "\n\n3. ", "MORE WITH LESS {#nup12314-sec-0003}\n=================\n\nModelling has described a current shortfall of 5.9 million nurses throughout the world, with shortages in high‐, middle‐ and low‐income countries and with worse outcomes for low‐income countries (McCarthy et al.,", " [2020](#nup12314-bib-0009){ref-type=\"ref\"}). ", "If values and trends do not change, it is predicted that this shortfall will swell to 7.6 million nurses by 2030 (McCarthy et al.,", " [2020](#nup12314-bib-0009){ref-type=\"ref\"}). ", "The World Health Organization and the International Council of Nurses, and Sigma Nursing, as the only global nursing leadership organization, call on universities and education providers throughout the world to strengthen the numbers of nursing faculty to mitigate the current shortfall of nursing workforce (McCarthy et al.,", " [2020](#nup12314-bib-0009){ref-type=\"ref\"}; Sigma Nursing, [2020](#nup12314-bib-0010){ref-type=\"ref\"}). ", "Typically, nursing programs have a duration of 3--4 years in middle‐ to high‐income countries, most usually undertaken in tertiary education settings such as universities. ", "The nursing academy is in an unenviable position in the international academy, afforded little power and status, and low faculty numbers, with these especially scarce in executive and senior leadership roles.", "\n\nNursing leadership is frequently not esteemed in the academic or political sectors, where powerful medical paradigms dominate, again, operating from a socially oppressed standpoint where nursing knowledge is situated beneath a dominant medical discourse and standpoint, oblivious to the social privilege associated with the elevated position it holds. ", "It is apparent that a more welcoming, inclusive, respectful, and engaging environment within the wider academy is necessary if the world is to recruit, retain, and promote nursing leadership and academic excellence to facilitate the necessary growth of the nursing workforce. ", "This is essential to mitigate the massive and increasing shortfall in work health standards that are pressing and looming and to grow the power and authority of primary healthcare nurses and nurse practitioners. ", "The recent COVID‐19 pandemic experiences have been illustrative of the global need and reliance on high‐quality, highly sophisticated nursing care to underpin best practice and safe treatment throughout the most dire health crisis circumstances the world has seen in living memory (Jackson et al.,", " [2020](#nup12314-bib-0008){ref-type=\"ref\"}). ", "Simply put, we need more nurses in the world, and to add more, we need more nursing faculty to lead the education and research of nursing scientific knowledge, with more power, influence, and leverage. ", "Yet, we are trapped in a deficit discourse that is resistant to change. \"", "More\" is required of us, with a \"less\" narrative to navigate.", "\n\nThe question is, how can the global demand be satisfied adequately, when a major barrier to success for nursing scientific leadership in the academy itself is apparent? ", "For most nursing scholars, the dual nature of developing both clinical practice expertise and scientific practice expertise takes considerably more time to acquire than many other academic fields of knowledge. ", "However, the integration of both fields of knowledge is a powerful representation of adaptability, translational capability, and implementational capacity representative in a nursing workforce. ", "Nursing thus offers the formation of practice‐informed evidenced‐based knowledge, suited to the real‐world delivery of health services delivered with a person‐centric impact which extends far beyond the limited and limiting premises of biomedicine. ", "Challenges to nursing faculty development are, however, significant with difficult access to serious research funding and cultures which often fail to value the pastoral care and teaching of students essential to the production of a professional and empathetic workforce.", "\n\n4. ", "EMBRACING CARING: NOT ALL HEROES WEAR CAPES---BUT THEY DO WEAR PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT {#nup12314-sec-0004}\n===============================================================================================\n\nNurses have also been described frequently in the public social and traditional media discourse of late as *heroes.* ", "Our collective commitment to caring for others with empathy in the grip of COVID‐19 has been portrayed by the public as superheroes, not in capes---but instead wearing protective clothing. ", "The fantasy of nurses as superheroes, while well meaning, does little to advance our reputation as caring scientists, to be taken seriously in the public health narrative. ", "Both superheroes and angels do not die, they also do not require training, science, or decent salary, in contrast, nurses do. ", "The narrative we need is one that propels us to leadership in policy and process, and to being actively included in international, national, and local health planning and policy development, and crisis prevention talks with governments and agencies. ", "While we note during COVID‐19 that national nursing leaders have occasionally appeared in media conferences alongside their relevant governmental ministers, it is our observation that nursing is under‐represented with medical colleagues as more frequent media conference companions for government officials. ", "Too frequently, nurses are wilfully excluded or carelessly omitted from these endeavours. ", "The assumption made by journalists is that the real authority lies with medical spokespeople and that we remain as handmaidens to the central endeavour, even though aspects of care such as infection control are part of our core business. ", "In fairness to journalists, however, they will tell us frequently how very difficult it is to find a nurse who will speak publicly. ", "This must change.", "\n\nWill our contribution during COVID‐19 do anything to change this? ", "All too frequently, nurses themselves are either passively or actively subversive in their behaviours. ", "Horizontal verbal violence, bullying, interprofessional disrespect and discourtesy, and plucking tall poppies are all apparent within the nursing discipline. ", "Care of each other within our ranks still requires much more person‐centred and rehabilitative attention. ", "A dominant mainstream of invisibility within the emotionally safe bounds of mediocracy; political whiteness; and stigma towards difference combined within our collective slowness to embrace cultural and (dis)ability diversity within our number continues to undermine our caring profession severely (Fredericks & White, [2018](#nup12314-bib-0004){ref-type=\"ref\"}). ", "Our propensity for \"othering\" within the nursing profession diminishes our reputation and our capacity to advocate convincingly for those to whom we administer nursing care. ", "It takes courage to reflect on the social construction of our profession, to examine it through critical theoretical lens, and to challenge the behaviours and unconscious biases in our ranks that hinder our progress. ", "We must summon the necessary collective courage.", "\n\nIt is through a longstanding commitment to promote public good that the nursing profession has the right of self‐regulation and accepts the responsibility that comes with professional status. ", "Nurses reaffirm their fidelity to nursing\\'s social contract through a commitment not only to the welfare of those for whom they care, but also to the welfare of society through actions that improve health system performance. ", "The nursing profession has a central role to play in the performance of health systems, which are a recognized determinant of population health and equity outcomes. ", "Within our academies, nursing academics need to be kinder, more respectful, empathetic, and inclusive of difference if we are to succeed as a profession of the future, transforming our science and practice of caring within an integrated health system that contributes to equitable public good.", "\n\n5. ", "CONCLUSION {#nup12314-sec-0005}\n=============\n\nCOVID‐19 conditions during the early portion of 2020 and the International Year of the Nurse and Midwife have highlighted the need for the nursing scientific academy to transform our discipline and to enhance our scope to meet the needs of a changing world. ", "Increasingly, we need to be agile, transformative, and amplify the voice, power, and influence of an inclusive and diverse nursing workforce as we work to address the changing needs of the world\\'s population with our core focus on promoting and improving the determinants of health and well‐being, recovery, and robustness of people as they encounter challenging circumstances throughout their lives. ", "To do this, we will need to be powerfully kind, influentially ambitious, and entrepreneurial in our problem‐solving to ensure our significance in world health impact going forward. ", "Our standpoint for our discipline provides us with a foundation to leverage wider recognition and respect for our collective health and well‐being knowledge, at a time when the world cannot do without our important contributions. ", "And in due course, we will celebrate and showcase our disciplinary achievements... at an appropriate time postponed to the future, in lieu of our current collective engagement and priority towards dealing with COVID‐19 at present time.", "\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Central" }

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[ "Q:\n\nGet the number of rows per tenant of several tables\n\nLet's say I have 2 tables: Tenants and Wargles. ", "Wargles has a Foreign Key towards Tenants called TenantId. ", "If I want to get number of wargles per tenant, I can do this:\nSELECT t.Id as TenantId, count(w.", "Id) as WargleCount\nFROM Tenants t\nJOIN Wargles w ON w.TenantId = t.Id\nGROUP BY t.Id\n\nNow, let's say I have another table, Fiddles, that, as Wargles has a FK towards Tenants. ", "How can I add another column to the query above, so I get the number of wargles and the number of fiddles for each tenant?", "\nI tried with this:\nSELECT t.Id as TenantId, count(w.", "Id) as WargleCount, count(f.", "Id) as FiddleCount\nFROM Tenants t\nJOIN Wargles w ON w.TenantId = t.Id\nJOIN Fiddles f ON f.TenantId = t.Id\nGROUP BY t.Id\n\nBut this won't work, since it would give me the same number both for WargleCount and FiddleCount, the product of the rows from both tables.", "\n\nA:\n\nUse two subselects\nSELECT t.Id as TenantId, \n (SELECT Count(1) FROM Fiddles F WHERE F.TenantId = T.Id) as FiddleCount,\n (SELECT Count(1) FROM Wargles W WHERE W.TenantId = T.Id) as WargleCount\n FROM Tenants t\n\n" ]

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[ "Microsoft has added quick actions to notifications for Outlook Mail for everyone on Window 10. ", "Previously available to Fast ring users, the interactive notifications add buttons to the notifications that allow you to interact with an email without opening Outlook itself.", "\n\nEach notification allows two quick actions, which are set to \"Set Flag\" and \"Delete\" by default. ", "When a notification comes in, you can tap on either button to perform that task without opening Outlook. ", "Of course, the buttons can be customized to any quick action by heading to the \"Quick Actions\" portion of the Settings menu. ", "Other options include \"Mark as read/unread\" and \"Archive.\" ", "The quick action buttons are available on the banner notifications, as well as those residing in the Action Center.", "\n\nHave you had a chance to try out Outlook Mail's interactive notifications with quick actions yet? ", "Let us know in the comments below!" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }

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[ "Help us help you!", "\n\nWhat it Means to be Verified\nTo become Verified, a PayPal member in Canada must provide us with proof that he or she has opened an account at a bank or other financial institution. ", "Because these institutions are required by law to screen account holders, PayPal's verification process increases security when you pay parties you do not know. ", "Please note that PayPal's verification system does not constitute an endorsement of a member, nor a guarantee of a member's business practices. ", "You should always consider other indicators when evaluating members, including length of PayPal membership and reputation scores (on eBay or other auction sites, if applicable).", "\n-->\n\nThe board requires you to be registered and logged in to view profiles.", "\n\nRegister\n\nIn order to login you must be registered. ", "Registering takes only a few moments but gives you increased capabilities. ", "The board administrator may also grant additional permissions to registered users. ", "Before you register please ensure you are familiar with our terms of use and related policies. ", "Please ensure you read any forum rules as you navigate around the board." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }

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[ "We’ve recently just gone through a situation where the security of one of our websites had been somewhat comprised. ", "And while we will never be 100% certain as to how the site was accessed by this annoyance it did make us look closely at ways we could make the most of the security measures that we use on the web.", "\n\nThe most blindingly obvious was the integrity of our passwords because as a general rule we do what most people do and use one of three very simple passwords for all of our online logins. ", "Why?? ", "We all know this is bad thing to do but we do it anyway! ", "My justification is that I have so many accounts online that it would be impossible to remember a separate password for every one of these.", "\n\nAnd as we all saw last week the compromising of LinkedIn saw many email address/password logins taken by hackers (one being ours). ", "The point being that when this login combo is the same as what you use on Facebook, Pinterest, Twitter or any of your other online accounts, you can see how far reaching your vulnerability lies. ", "They have access to one then they have access to all. ", "And apparently it’s not hard for a hacker to make a computer programme that will try known username and password combo’s against various well known sites.", "\n\nSo what makes a secure password?", "\n\nMost people (myself included) are guilty of choosing a password that is very easy to remember, likely based upon a combination of names, dates or a simple letter/number sequences. ", "And as mentioned above we tend to use the same password over again, usually in combination with our main email address.", "\n\nThough we have been told for many years that the best password is one that uses a random assortment of small letters, capital letters, numbers and symbols. ", "And the reason we don’t always do this is that they’re absolutely impossible to remember. ", "One trick we’ve all seen to make this a little easier is to take a normal password like katrina123# and replace some of the characters to ‘make it harder’ like K4tr!Na123#.", "\n\nMedium password: K4tr!Na123#\n\nHard to remember and moderate for a computer to figure out.", "\n\nOne suggestion that we came across while researching the best type of password to have is a ‘pass-phrase’. ", "A pass-phrase is a password that uses 4 or more words, with or without spaces in between. ", "It’s to do with the amount of ‘entropy’ your password generates, the more entropy, the more complex it is to crack. ", "In technical terms, within information theory, entropy is a measure of the uncertainty associated with a random variable. ", "So the more ‘characters’ your pass-phrase, the more entropy it has. ", "For those of you with a desire to understand more about entropy, try looking here and here.", "\n\nNow I don’t pretend for a minute to understand the science behind it but just believe when I say that a password using say 4 separate and unrelated words is a lot harder for a computer to crack than one word made up of a mixture of caps, small letters, numbers and symbols. ", "AND the bonus – it is easier for a human to remember #winwin.", "\n\nStrong password: super chickens hover lightly\n\nSilly enough to remember and very hard for a computer to figure out.", "\n\nSo my suggestion is to set about changing your passwords to a pass-phrase where possible. ", "Make it a string of words that are silly enough for you to remember. ", "If you need to note them down, just note down the first letter of each word in the phrase or use an online password manager to help keep track of your passwords.", "\n\nPlease note, not all sites will let you use pass-phrases, they will force you still to use the ‘random’ passwords often with limits on the number characters used. ", "Just remember to change your passwords from time to time and make them as safe as you dare!", "\n\nAlso, no passwords in this article actually belong to me or any other living person I know.", "\n\nGoogle Places is all about connecting your business with local customers. ", "As Google say themselves, 97% of consumers search for businesses near to them online. ", "Even if you don’t a website, having your business on Google Places makes complete business sense.", "\n\nAs with most Google Services, Google Places is completely free so apart from your time (and really not much is needed to set it up) your wallet is not going to be out of pocket. ", "Quite the reverse actually as if done effectively your Google Places listing could greatly increase customers to your business.", "\n\nIf you’re not sure what I’m talking about, try putting the words Takeaways Beverley or Takeaways YourTown into Google. ", "You should get something like this:\n\nThe red markers on the Google Map shows the business listings from Google Places (likely to be the most well ranked takeaway outlets in Beverley for these keywords). ", "In the search results list it puts a link to each of those with a marker. ", "Or you can click on the map to find out more information about these businesses including links to find them, contact details, photos and reviews. ", "You can instantly see why Google Places has great potential.", "\n\nRegistering is easy. ", "All you need is a Google account and if you don’t have one registering is a simple process. ", "If you’re not sure if you have a Google account, you will have one if you can access any of the other Google Services like Google Analytics, Google Reader, Gmail or Blogger or even You Tube.", "\n\nTip: I find that using Chrome (my fav browser) it won’t let me pick a category while filling in the form, so I would suggest using Firefox, IE or some other one instead to register with Google Places.", "\n\nIt will then do one of two things. ", "The most likely is that it will bring up a page for you to fill in with all your business details. ", "However I have found on a couple of occasions it will bring up a listing with your number. ", "If this is your business, you can claim it into your Google Places account by verifying it is your business. ", "Read on to find out how.", "\n\nFill in the details as requested. ", "Pick as many categories (max 5) as you can find to match your business. ", "And make sure you use as many of those 200 characters as possible in the Description field to describe your business! ", "And use your keywords (click here to read a post about finding your business keywords). ", "Make it an accurate but not boastful description because as we know Google likes things to be real!)", "\n\nWhen finished press the Submit button.", "\n\nGoogle will want to validate your listing (to keep out the riff raff!) ", "It will either want to call, text or post you a verification number. ", "Do what suits you best. ", "Just be aware if you choose the post method, they will send a postcard that looks very much like junk mail so keep an eye out for it. ", "It can take a couple of weeks. ", "You will need to login again once you get the verification code and type it into the verification field.", "\n\nCustomers will be able to add their reviews to your business and you can post status updates and offers to customers via your Google Places account as well. ", "As it is a Google product, in my experience it makes sense to make the most of it!", "\n\nSo just to recap, why should you join Google Places?", "\n\nCustomers can more easily find you without knowing your business name.", "\n\nThe nature of a Google search means it is fast replacing traditional telephone directory listings.", "\n\nIt is free advertising.", "\n\nIt is linked to Google Maps so can help your business appear on the first page for local business searches.", "\n\nAs it is linked, Smart phone mobile users can search for your type of business using Google Maps.", "\n\nCustomers are able to easily leave reviews and recommendations of your business which help your listing to move up in the rankings.", "\n\nYou are able to put your website address, contact details, business information, photos and video’s in your listing.", "\n\nLike this:\n\nYou may have seen Twitter posts that mention #ff or #followfriday – so the story goes it was originally a Twitter social convention started by Twitter member @micah to introduce interesting people he was following to those following him.", "\n\nThe idea caught on and now you will find many tweeters posting #ff updates on Friday. ", "It might be that they are thanking fellow tweeters for retweets or they’ve been particularly interesting or they are great mates or they’ve provided great conversation or whatever :)\n\nIt’s just a nice little way to appreciate your twitter followers and those you’re following.", "\n\nAnd often when you’re new to Twitter it can be difficult to find good people to follow – being a very busy place and crammed with lots of noise and fluff. ", "But I have found my looking at the #ff of the people in my tweeter feed, I can find some great new people to follow.", "\n\nA #followfriday tweet will look something like this:\n\n#followfriday @three60ruralpr @wossy @stephenfry\n\nor\n\n#ff @urbanchickenuk @theangelshare @sellmywedding\n\nHow to use #followfriday effectively:\n\n1. ", "Keep an eye out for #followfriday in the tweets you receive and check them out\n\n2. ", "Write your own once in a while, perhaps keeping the list to 2-3 members\n\n3. ", "Use Twitter Search to see who else is being recommended in #followfriday\n\nIf you are following someone brilliant and they happen to use #ff you could find yourself with several more interesting people/businesses to follow yourself. ", "And it’s so nice when people start to #ff you!", "\n\nShare this:\n\nLike this:\n\nAfter a few years building websites for small businesses, I’ve put together a list of the most frequently asked questions I ask new clients. ", "And I thought it might be useful to anyone looking to put together a website for their small business for the first time as it seem like a daunting task! ", "You’ll probably find that not all the suggestions below will be relevant to your project so if that’s the case simply ignore them :)\n\n1. ", "Website History\n\nDo you have an existing site? ", "If so what is domain name? (", "web address)\n\nDo you want a new site, development or refreshing of an existing site?", "\n\nDo you currently use any website statistical tools?", "\n\nDo you currently have any social media accounts associated with your website/business? (", "Eg. ", "Twitter, Facebook etc)\n\n2. ", "Your Visitors\n\nDo you have an idea of who will be visiting your site?", "\n\nAre they the same as your current offline customers?", "\n\nIf not, think about your desired or typical customer to the website? ", "What do they want from your website?", "\n\nThink about the goals of the website or indeed each page or section? ", "Are they coming to find out information, be entertained, subscribing to a membership/newsletter, making a purchase, reading research, contributing to a conversation etc…\n\n3. ", "Website – the new one :)\n\nIs the site more about information being ‘pushed to’ the customer (a brochure site), or more about having a two-way conversation with customers (content driven and interactive?)", "\n\nIs having a good ranking on Google important to you and your business?", "\n\nDoes the site need social media links?", "\n\nDoes the site need a blog? ", "Would it benefit from having a blog?", "\n\nDo you need to be able to edit the content of the site yourself?", "\n\nWhat is the approximate size of the site, ie. ", "how many pages do you need? ", "Do you need sections or categories? (", "Often drawing a site-map on a scrap of paper or in something like Word or PowerPoint can help with this).", "\n\nDo you need ecommerce on the site (the ability for customers to purchase from you online)?", "\n\nAre you able to put together your own website copy? ", "Can you prepare the words and provide the pictures/photos for the pages or do these need to be created and/or outsourced?", "\n\nDo you have a logo (it is usually very important to keep branding consistent across all marketing/customer channels)?", "\n\nHave you seen other websites/competitors perhaps that you like the look of? ", "Or don’t like the look of?", "\n\nIs there any particular functionality that you’d like the site to have, like image galleries, rotating images/slideshows, twitter feeds and so on?", "\n\n4. ", "Small Print\n\nDo you have any deadlines for your website project? ", "When would you like the new website to be launched?", "\n\nDo you have budget for the site? ", "The budget will need to at least allow for the design and build of the site, the domain name and web hosting, and ongoing maintenance.", "\n\nDoes the site need any legal references, eg. ", "terms and conditions, privacy policy, disclaimers and so forth?", "\n\nA website is a big investment so it’s worth getting it right the first time!", "\n\nYou might have come across companies using Facebook business pages, liked the idea and wondered ‘how on earth do I get one of these’ as there are no obvious buttons to click to set one up.", "\n\nWhy should you have one? ", "A Facebook business page is a fantastic tool for business because it places your company right at the heart of the world’s most popular social network, it will help your business connect and engage with customers, meet new ones and will help spread your business message via the friend network. ", "Plus the search engines love them.", "\n\nSimilar to a personal profile page, you’ll be able to post status updates on your wall telling your ‘fans’ about developments in your service/product offering, provide insight into the people behind the ‘brand’, engage in conversation and light banter. ", "You’ll be able to post company information, links to websites, pages and blogs, post pictures and videos, ask questions via discussions and announce events. ", "It’s like having your very own mobile broadcast vehicle that zips around the world. ", "Best of all because your Facebook business page is ‘opt-in’ your group of fans will be dedicated to your cause.", "\n\nSo how do you go about setting one up?", "\n\nThe first thing to get your head around is that any Facebook business page needs to be created within a personal Facebook profile page.", "\n\nAs Susan Payton in her Mashable post says ‘Facebook Pages are different than profiles. ", "You have a profile for you, Jane Doe, but your business can’t have a profile — it can have a Page. ", "A Page is a place to house all the pertinent information about your company.’", "\n\nAnd initially the person that ‘own’ the profile page is the person that administrates it. ", "It’s a good idea at this point to consider carefully who should take this role. ", "For those of us with small businesses that is an easy decision to make as it’s normally just ‘us’ but for a larger company some thought must be given to who will control the profile page.", "\n\nSo to get started…\n\n2. ", "Once logged in scroll to the very bottom of the page and on the bottom navigation menu click on ‘Advertising’.", "\n\n3. ", "Then click on the Pages button near the top.", "\n\n4. ", "Then click on the Create a Page green button.", "\n\n5. ", "Fill in the form, selecting the options that best suit your business. ", "Please make sure that you’re not in violation of any Facebook terms or policies, click on the link to read if necessary. ", "Press Create Page when ready.", "\n\n6. ", "You’ve done all the hard work now you can add information to your page. ", "If you click on ‘Edit Information’ you’ll be able to add basic and detailed information about your company, like websites, company overview (perhaps copy and paste some information from your own website). ", "Post a welcome to our business page message in your status, perhaps mention what your intentions are with the page. ", "Write something in the little text box to the left-hand side, think of it as your calling card so make it engaging and appealing. ", "Click on the little + button on the main navigation and add the menu tabs for photos, links, events and so forth, utilise whatever suits your business.", "\n\n7. ", "If you click on the ‘edit page’ link on the left-hand side menu, you’ll be taken to the settings for your page and this is where you can set permissions on who can post what. ", "Click the little pencil to get to the edit menu’s for each of the options.", "\n\n8. ", "When you are ready, click on the Publish this Page button to make it go live – the TELL people about it (see consideration 4 below).", "\n\nOther considerations:\n\nTo log back into your Facebook business page (when you want to update it), first login to the profile you used to set up the page. ", "Then look to the bottom of the browser window and click on the little green and blue F icon on the Applications Menu, this will take you to Ads and Pages, where you will click on Pages, then View Page. ", "And off you go.", "\n\nA very useful application to have is Memorable Web Addresses, look on the page settings page (see point 7 above) for applications, click link and browse the applications. ", "You’re looking for a Facebook Business Application and this particular one allows you to have an easy to remember personalised web address for your Facebook business page. ", "There are plenty of other applications that you can append to your page, just make sure they add value to your audience.", "\n\nOn the settings page, you can add other administrators.", "\n\nYou aren’t able to ‘share the page’ with all of your friends directly however you could post the link on your blog, link to it on your website, put the link in your email signature, post it on twitter and your personal Facebook status, mention it in client email mailshots – just tell people about it and if you keep it relevant, professional and updated people will come.", "\n\nExamples of businesses using Facebook business pages\n\nIt may appear a little daunting at first to set up your Facebook business page especially when in this day and age we’re so used to getting something instantly at a click of a button but will be so worth it for your business!", "\n\nOther useful sources of related information for Facebook business pages:\n\nDesign is an integral part of a professional-looking business, but you may not want to invest in outsourcing the work. ", "If you have decided to DIY design and don’t know where to start, these ten tips should help you on your way.", "\n\n1. ", "Get to know your printer. ", "A good printer can tell you the most cost-effective way to print, advise on paper weight, resolution and colour management. ", "They will also tell you what format they can print, something you need to know way before you even get started on your design project.", "\n\n2. ", "Get more than one printing quote. ", "Printing prices and quality vary massively from printer to printer and most expensive does not mean best quality or service, so always shop around before you decide.", "\n\n3. ", "Buy Books. ", "There are some great books available for ‘Non-designers’ who want to design their own promotional literature. ", "Learn simple rules that if you follow your designs will vastly improve, so invest in some books and take time to learn.", "\n\n4. ", "Collect stuff. ", "If you find yourself in front of a leaflet stand, close your eyes, open them and take the first leaflet that you notice. ", "Chances are, this will be well designed. ", "If you keep a box full of designs you like and you think are good, these will help improve your designs and provide inspiration.", "\n\n5. ", "Ask people what they think. ", "Always get a second opinion on what you have designed. ", "You might have missed something important or may not be getting the right message across with your use of colour, fonts or images.", "\n\n6. ", "Use good software. ", "Adobe InDesign is what I use to do Graphic Design and I wouldn’t recommend using anything else. ", "However, it is not cheap. ", "But, you get what you pay for and it is an invaluable tool in producing professional design.", "\n\n7. ", "Avoid Clipart. ", "How often I have seen a poster draped in Clipart and avoided the event advertised simply as a result of this. ", "Clipart is often used by design novices and makes the design look like it has been designed by a novice. ", "Avoid at all costs!", "\n\n8. ", "No image is better than a bad image. ", "Too many times have I seen designs with poor images, pixelated and inappropriate to the context of the design. ", "You can easily tell when someone has sourced a low quality image off the internet and plonked it into a layout. ", "It makes you look bad. ", "If in doubt, take it out.", "\n\n9. ", "Be consistent. ", "Find a design style that is appropriate for your business and stick to it. ", "Consistency is vital in creating the right image.", "\n\n10. ", "Be Bold, show personality. ", "Don’t be afraid to use striking colours or abstract images in your design. ", "There’s nothing less inspiring than a brochure full of pictures of people in suits sitting round tables.", "\n\nFeel free to contact Rhian of dare to know ltd if you need any help or guidance.", "\n\nMy spec:\n\nRhian Lonergan-White BA Hons graduated in 1999 from Liverpool John Moores University with a degree in TV production. ", "She spent 5 years with the Oxford University museum, The Ashmolean, as an in-house graphic designer, where she was responsible for exhibition, book and front-of-house design. ", "During this time Rhian was DJ-ing in Oxford, running her own club nights and designing many books and other assorted material for prestigious organisations such as The British Violin Making Association and The Association for Cultural Enterprise. ", "She also held two successful graphic art exhibitions in Oxford.", "\n\nRhian moved to North Lincolnshire in 2007, setting up her multi-discipline creative services company, dare to know ltd. ", "Her time is now divided between being commissioned for bespoke graphic art for businesses and individuals, graphic design projects, photography assignments and film production jobs. ", "Rhian’s colourful style of graphic art has been described as ‘hyper-surreal and fantastical’, where the use of photographs to transcend the ordinary becomes ‘visual alchemy’, as described in The Journal, to create something truly unique. ", "She also works as a creative workshop facilitator in all things creative and including podcasting, film-making and animation, as well as giving tutorials in creative software such as Adobe Photoshop, InDesign, Illustrator, Final Cut Pro and all things ‘Mac’.", "\n\nWith dare to know, Rhian has enjoyed a very busy and successful first two years in business, with many workshop projects winning awards, most notably an animation won the Children’s section at the International Animation Film Festival in the Czech Republic in 2008.", "\n\nDesign is an integral part of a professional-looking business, but you may not want to invest in outsourcing the work. ", "If you have decided to DIY design and don’t know where to start, these ten tips should help you on your way.", "\n\nGet to know your printer. ", "A good printer can tell you the most cost-effective way to print, advise on paper weight, resolution and colour management. ", "They will also tell you what format they can print, something you need to know way before you even get started on your design project.", "\n\nGet more than one printing quote. ", "Printing prices and quality vary massively from printer to printer and most expensive does not mean best quality or service, so always shop around before you decide.", "\n\nBuy Books. ", "There are some great books available for ‘Non-designers’ who want to design their own promotional literature. ", "Learn simple rules that if you follow your designs will vastly improve, so invest in some books and take time to learn.", "\n\nCollect stuff. ", "If you find yourself in front of a leaflet stand, close your eyes, open them and take the first leaflet that you notice. ", "Chances are, this will be well designed. ", "If you keep a box full of designs you like and you think are good, these will help improve your designs and provide inspiration.", "\n\nAsk people what they think. ", "Always get a second opinion on what you have designed. ", "You might have missed something important or may not be getting the right message across with your use of colour, fonts or images.", "\n\nUse good software. ", "Adobe InDesign is what I use to do Graphic Design and I wouldn’t recommend using anything else. ", "However, it is not cheap. ", "But, you get what you pay for and it is an invaluable tool in producing professional design.", "\n\nAvoid Clipart. ", "How often I have seen a poster draped in Clipart and avoided the event advertised simply as a result of this. ", "Clipart is often used by design novices and makes the design look like it has been designed by a novice. ", "Avoid at all costs!", "\n\nNo image is better than a bad image. ", "Too many times have I seen designs with poor images, pixelated and inappropriate to the context of the design. ", "You can easily tell when someone has sourced a low quality image off the internet and plonked it into a layout. ", "It makes you look bad. ", "If in doubt, take it out.", "\n\nBe consistent. ", "Find a design style that is appropriate for your business and stick to it. ", "Consistency is vital in creating the right image.", "\n\nBe Bold, show personality. ", "Don’t be afraid to use striking colours or abstract images in your design. ", "There’s nothing less inspiring than a brochure full of pictures of people in suits sitting round tables.", "\n\nFeel free to contact Rhian of dare to know ltd if you need any help or guidance.", "\n\nRhian Lonergan-White BA Hons graduated in 1999 from Liverpool John Moores University with a degree in TV production. ", "She spent 5 years with the Oxford University museum, The Ashmolean, as an in-house graphic designer, where she was responsible for exhibition, book and front-of-house design. ", "During this time Rhian was DJ-ing in Oxford, running her own club nights and designing many books and other assorted material for prestigious organisations such as The British Violin Making Association and The Association for Cultural Enterprise. ", "She also held two successful graphic art exhibitions in Oxford.", "\n\nRhian moved to North Lincolnshire in 2007, setting up her multi-discipline creative services company, dare to know ltd. ", "Her time is now divided between being commissioned for bespoke graphic art for businesses and individuals, graphic design projects, photography assignments and film production jobs. ", "Rhian’s colourful style of graphic art has been described as ‘hyper-surreal and fantastical’, where the use of photographs to transcend the ordinary becomes ‘visual alchemy’, as described in The Journal, to create something truly unique. ", "She also works as a creative workshop facilitator in all things creative and including podcasting, film-making and animation, as well as giving tutorials in creative software such as Adobe Photoshop, InDesign, Illustrator, Final Cut Pro and all things ‘Mac’.", "\n\nWith dare to know, Rhian has enjoyed a very busy and successful first two years in business, with many workshop projects winning awards, most notably an animation won the Children’s section at the International Animation Film Festival in the Czech Republic in 2008.", "\n\nMany millions of businesses and people use Google and Google maps to find other businesses every day and Google through their online Local Business Centre’s allow you to add your business FREE to their listings.", "\n\nThat way, when someone is searching for a local business similar to yours, you might have a better chance in ranking well in their Google Map search. ", "Often a search in Google’s general search engine will show a small map of the local area with pinpoints directing you to local businesses, and by doing this yours could be one of them.", "\n\nEither login if you already have a Google account or ‘sign up now’ to register\n\nTo add a new listing, fill in your business information, including your email, website (if you have one) and up to five categories, add one at time, click on ‘add another category’ if you want to another more than one.", "\n\nAs well, you can input your operating hours, business payment options, up to 10 photographs, up to five video’s from a You Tube account, plus other additional details.", "\n\nClick submit and you’re done! ", "As easy as that.", "\n\nIf you have more than one business, you can manage all your listings within your Google account and update it whenever you want.", "\n\nLike this:\n\nMany of my clients often ask how they would go about sending out email newsletters to their own customer list. ", "One online service that I’ve been using as have several of my clients is www.mailchimp.com. ", "It’s easy to use, offers a pay-as-you-go payment plan, brilliant for small businesses. ", "It has stacks of excellent features to help you maintain and build your contact lists, create nice looking and effective email newsletters, and has a fully comprehensive campaign tracking and reports facility. ", "Plus is a brilliant way of driving traffic to your website!", "\n\nmailchimp.com email newsletter online service\n\nUsing email marketing, that is keeping in contact with your customers via email, is a great way to open communication channels and keep your business in the forefront of your customers’ minds. ", "If done well, it’s a really effective means to increase your brand/business exposure to those new and existing customers that might need your services now and in the future.", "\n\nEmail newsletters are perfect for promoting your products and services in a timely and appropriate fashion, letting customers know about any new offers/promotions/developments within your business, sharing customer feedback and testimonials, and just generally keeping your name out there.", "\n\nMailchimp is an excellent tool to help with your email marketing efforts. ", "It’s main benefits are:\n\nthe creation of professional looking emails that work with all the different types of email clients such as Outlook, gmail, hotmail, AOL and so forth, as often these will visually render the same email differently, some will remove images, some will only show text, others are very strict about what constitutes spam. ", "Mailchimp allows you to create emails using their own tried and tested email templates, or with a little knowledge you’re able to customise these to create something truly unique.", "\n\nawesome list management capabilities. ", "Mailchimp allows you to manage as many contact lists as you need, letting you create lists on the fly, uploading existing customers lists or even putting special code onto your website so any new ‘newsletter’ join-ups are added automatically to the relevant Mailchimp list (that is providing you abide by the current opt-in contact list regulations that stipulate all contacts on a list have knowingly agreed to opt-in to receiving your email newsletters – Data Protection Act 1998). ", "Mailchimp list management also allows for such things as automatic and recorded unsubscribes and list segmentation.", "\n\nA fully comprehensive report and tracking centre. ", "Each campaign sent has it’s own set of reports to tell you how many and who opened your email, how many bounced, how many regarded your email as spam, when and where emails were opened, how many were forwarded using easy to read graphics with the ability to download as an Excel spreadsheet. ", "And all against industry benchmarks. ", "One tool that many of my clients have found very useful is the A/B split testing that helps determine the best practice for their email campaigns. ", "It also allows for Google Analytics integration to better track website clicks.", "\n\nMany more features including data security and privacy, maximum deliverability and plenty of useful help and support.", "\n\nThe best bit for small businesses is that it is free to use for up to lists of 500. ", "After that you simply go onto using one of their pay-monthly programmes or the pay-as-you-go plan where you purchase credits as and when you need them.", "\n\nYou can read more about www.mailchimp.com at their website. ", "Providing that you aren’t spamming customers with irrelevant and too frequent material and that your email content sends suitable and well-timed messages to customers who have opted-in to receive them, using an online service such as Mailchimp is a truly hassle-free way to start connecting with your customers and is superbly cost-effective.", "\n\nSearch engine optimisation (SEO) is about more than having a good set of keywords on your website. ", "Backlinks are an absolutely vital way of letting the search engines know about your site, thus affecting your search engine rankings and sadly it’s something that many website owners are unaware of.", "\n\nBacklinks, often referred to as inbound links, are links from another website back to yours. ", "For example, having my website address (URL) on this blog (see blogroll to the right) is providing an inbound link back to my own website. ", "The search engines use a website’s backlinks as one indication of its’ popularity and credibility and this therefore affects that website’s search engine ranking.", "\n\nSearch engine optimisation (SEO) is about more than having a good set of keywords on your website. ", "Backlinks are an absolutely vital way of letting the search engines know about your site, thus affecting your search engine rankings and sadly it’s something that many website owners are unaware of.", "\n\nBacklinks, often referred to as inbound links, are links from another website back to yours. ", "For example, having my website address (URL) on this blog (see blogroll to the left) is providing an inbound link back to my own website at katproductions (as is this link). ", "The search engines use a website’s backlinks as one indication of its’ popularity and credibility which ultimately affects that website’s search engine ranking.", "\n\nMany factors determine the value of backlinks to your website search engine ranking but the best backlinks come from other established websites that are relevant to your own industry and credible themselves. ", "And it also helps if the page that your weblink is on has a good ‘PageRank‘.", "\n\n“PageRank is a link analysis algorithm, named after Larry Page, used by the Google Internet search engine that assigns a numerical weighting…” to each webpage, it is what Google uses to determine the importance of your webpages. ", "Wikipedia\n\nThe theory goes that having your backlink on a page with a high PageRank will give that link to your website a higher weighted value therefore helping push up your search engine rankings for that page. ", "However, if that highly PageRanked page has many backlinks on it to other websites it can effectively dilute its value, almost like it has to share out the value of its PageRank amongst all the links on its’ page. ", "You can find out more about this here and here as it can get fairly complicated.", "\n\nAll we need to know is that another website’s PageRank can add value to your inbound link.", "\n\nIf you want to find out what the PageRank’s are for the pages on your site either install the Google PageRank toolbar onto your browser or try this tool, Whats my PageRank, I can’t be sure exactly how accurate it is but for the sites I tested it seemed accurate enough.", "\n\nHow do I find out how many backlinks my website has?", "\n\nMost search engines provide a method for determining the number of backlinks that your website has. ", "For instance on Google, try typing link:websitename.co.uk into the search box. ", "Google seems to show much less backlinks than another search like Yahoo. ", "Try Yahoo’s Site Explorer by typing your web address, http://www.webname.co.uk into the field at the top, then click on the Explore URL button. ", "This seems to show the largest number of backlinks back to your site.", "\n\nIf you’ve installed Google’s PageRank toolbar and click on the PageRank icon while on any webpage, then select BackLinks from the drop down menu, it will show you Google’s list of backlinks for that page.", "\n\nAnother nice little online tool is Backlink Watch. ", "This tells you how many backlinks your site has, what the anchor text is on each backlink, and how many other external links (to other pages or websites) there are on that particular webpage. ", "Speaking of anchor text, this is the text that the link is behind, the most commonly used anchor text for a link is ‘click here’. ", "If you do a search for the words ‘click here’ it will show you all the websites that use this anchor text. ", "It doesn’t mean anything to anyone but shows you the power of having keyword driven anchor text. ", "So for example, if possible rather than have someone put ‘click here for katproductions’, see if it can be ‘click here for web design services from katproductions’. ", "That way your backlink is working hardest for you.", "\n\nIt’s true you can pay to have backlinks created for your website. ", "Although, I would be wary about anyone offering to get your business hundreds of backlinks in a short period of time. ", "The worst case scenario is that your web address ends up on hundreds of purpose built ‘link farms’ that the search engines don’t like and potentially your website could be penalised for, that is to have your search engine rankings severly compromised or worse still totally removed.", "\n\nHowever, in saying that there are many good search engine optimisation companies around who will create a backlinking strategy for your business and who have dedicated staff finding suitable and valuable backlinks for your website. ", "It seems that the search engines value a more organic growth of backlinks and are likely to be suspicious if your backlinks increase hugely and suddenly overnight.", "\n\nHow do I get backlinks to my site?", "\n\nFirst and most importantly make sure your website has quality content that people want to link to. ", "After all there is no point going to all this trouble just to have people leave as soon as they arrive!", "\n\nThen to get backlinks I suggest using a variety of sources. ", "First make sure that you’ve submitted yourself to the Google and Yahoo search engines. ", "Then do a couple of searches to find some credible website directories like DMOZ, Thomson Local and so on. ", "Many of these will allow you to register your business free of charge. ", "Then try putting some of your keywords/key phrases into a search engine and see which websites your competitors are listed on or even try your competitors’s web address using the ‘link’ techniques mentioned above. ", "Find out whether you should be or can be listed on these as well. ", "Or it may be that your business works with other similar or complimentary businesses and there may be opportunities to have your web address on their websites. ", "Though beware of having too many reciprocal links, sometimes they can end up effectively cancelling each out out.", "\n\nThese days it is quite common practice to use social networking type websites to help with your backlinking. ", "For example, submitting online articles, a Facebook Business Page, a business blog, a Twitter account or a social bookmarking account, like Digg or Delicious, will allow you to create a profile about yourself and/or your business thus providing the link back to your business website. ", "And providing that you actually make use of these accounts, it can be an extremely successful way of telling the search engines that you are most definitely in business! ", "Plus there are many many other benefits in utilising these as well – but that’s another blog post!", "\n\nIn addition to having your own accounts with social networking sites, it is also very useful from a backlinking point of view to read other related blogs, facebook pages, twitter accounts, forums and so forth and post comments on these. ", "As well as this adding another backlink for your website, and providing you post geniune comments (and not blatant hard-sell ‘come to my website’ type messages) you will also better your own online credibility within your industry, and you might even have a bit of fun or learn something new doing so.", "\n\nShare this:\n\nLike this:\n\nThe key to a successful online presence and an effective search engine optimisation strategy is by having relevant keywords. ", "Very simply put the best keywords are those that most accurately reflect the words and phrases that your online visitors will use to search online for your website.", "\n\nBy creating your own list of relevant keywords you’ll find it easier to tap into your pool of online customers. ", "You’re likely to find that your website traffic will increase and it will be far more targeted and therefore they will be far more likely to want to engage in a relationship with your business.", "\n\nWHAT EXACTLY ARE KEYWORDS?", "\n\nTypically keywords are words and phrases that people type into search engines to find goods, services and information. ", "Much research tells us that most people when searching use more than one word to find something on the internet, and that they will keep refining their words until they come across a page of search engine results that gives a list of website links that satisfies what they’re looking for. ", "If this is the way that you search online it is more than likely that your customers are using this very same process too.", "\n\nHOW ARE THESE KEYWORDS USED?", "\n\nOnce you have a good list, your keywords will contribute to your websites search engine optimisation and ultimately help shape your online strategy. ", "There doesn’t seem to be any hard and fast rule about how many keywords that you should have but I normally suggest to clients that a good start is to create a 20-30. ", "Your keywords can then be used to help build your website’s text copy, provide relevant search engine optimisation tags within your website’s code, help to develop social networking content like blogging, tweets and other online commentary.", "\n\nSearch Engine Optimisation\n\nSearch engines use keywords from your website text content and specially tagged code to establish a ‘theme’ that helps it to rank each page of your website. ", "Amongst other indicators, the strength of your ‘theme’ combined with relevant and credible back links leading back to your site will establish your rank within the search engines for your keywords. ", "Most often a web designer/developer would implement the search engine specific tags within the site’s code that is unless your website’s content management facility allows you access.", "\n\nYou can see any website’s meta-tags by clicking on the View or Page menu’s in your browser then selecting the option that says, ‘source’ or ‘page source’. ", "The code will open in your text editor.", "\n\nThe tags to watch out for are:\n\nTitle tag: looks like this <title>words in here</title> Currently the most important of the in-code optimisation tags. ", "The title tag is revealed in the very top blue bar of your internet browser. ", "Typically organisations use this field to simply state their business name. ", "Ideally place 2-3 of your most important keywords/keyphrases here providing they are relevant to the information displayed on that page.", "\n\nMeta-tags: These are placed within the code of your website. ", "The meta-tag ‘keywords’ will simply list the keywords relevant to the individual webpage they are on and the meta-tag ‘description’ will retain a 1-2 sentence statement about your business and the content of the individual page that utilises 2-3 of your keywords. ", "The search engines prefer that the description is informative and not hard-sell.", "\n\nAlt tags and link ‘titles': You’ll know if a webpage has these enabled by running your mouse over any on-page links, menu links or images and having a small yellow rectangular box appear with text inside. ", "Not only do these help with search engine optimisation by listing relevant keyword(s) but provide sensible non-visual navigation cues for website accessibility.", "\n\nH1 tags and Bolding: As well as making it easier for visitors to digest chunks of text on your website, using headers and bolding of words helps the search engines to determine better the ‘theme’ of your page and therefore helps with your search engine rankings. ", "H1 to H6 are simply six standard ‘codes’ that web designers/developers will use to create section and paragraph headings.", "\n\nText Content: Your list of keywords will be crucial in helping you create the text copy for each of your webpages. ", "As well as providing useful information to visitors the search engines will read the text on your website and look for any similar keywords that are used frequently in a natural and organic way. ", "Search engines are very clever in recognising when a website has simply listed all their keywords over and over again solely for cheating the optimisation process and they will either ignore it completely or black list the page from their results.", "\n\nOnline presence outside of your website\n\nYour keywords can also help better your online presence outside of your website. ", "Here I’m talking in terms of social media and social networking. ", "For example, if you’re registered with LinkedIn, the online business networking directory your profile should be littered with your main keywords. ", "If you have a business related blog or use a micro-blogging tool like Twitter, your list of keywords can help shape your blog topics. ", "Or if you say use Facebook for business, again these have opportunity for relevant keyword placement, and providing all of these social media sites link back to your own website, then you’ll be pleasantly surprised at how much they can help with your search engine rankings.", "\n\nSO HOW DO YOU CREATE A USEFUL LIST OF KEYWORDS?", "\n\nGetting together a list of keywords isn’t difficult but to be successful does require a small amount of time spent researching and refining the words. ", "Let’s take for example a local website that sells DIY hardware.", "\n\nI have found that typically when first asked to provide a list of keywords a business will send a list of between 10-15 singular words that they feel are relevant to their business. ", "In this case, I may have received a list that said ‘hammers, nails, fences, paint, screws, timber, tools, drills, lights, bulbs, bathrooms’.", "\n\nImagine for a minute if someone in a search engine simply types ‘nails‘ what kind of website is likely to be thrown up in the results. ", "A quick search reveals mostly website’s about fingernails, nail varnish and nail care. ", "Nothing at all on the first page about fencing or building nails. ", "And let’s face it, the majority of us won’t go past the first page of search results before refining our search.", "\n\nSo immediately we can see that unless you’re an corporate multi-national who’s very image is ‘nails’ or your business operates in a very unusual and niche industry, then your website isn’t going to do well with singular words.", "\n\nThe first step in creating your keywords is to make a generic list, then think about the journey that someone will take to find your business online – a journey that can often take days of online research as opposed to impulsive offline purchasing.", "\n\nGary Reid from Search Works, (taken from a recent .net article) says that the first type of search is called ‘navigational’ where a search query will include a brand name, a web address or a company name. ", "The second type of search is called ‘informational’ where highly generic phrases will be used for example ‘fence palings’ or ‘concrete nails’. ", "And the final leg of the journey is called a ‘transactional’ search where typically 3-5 word phrases are used to really narrow down the search, for instance, ‘white porcelain door handles’ or ‘brand model colour size location’. ", "The key is to have a list of keywords that represent each stage of this journey and that are specific to each page of your website. ", "It’s worth noting that the search engines when evaluating your webpages don’t like to see too much repetition.", "\n\nOnce you have a list the next step is to ask friends, family and customers for their input. ", "There is no harm in asking customers how they found you or what they might do to search for you online (if they didn’t know your business name). ", "More often than not when I help customers with this part of their keyword creation, they find that outsiders to their business will use different words to the jargon that they use on a daily basis. ", "So it is really important to make sure that you’re using the words that your customers would use and not simply what you assume.", "\n\nThe next step is to take this bigger list and try these out in a search engine to see what type of results that you get. ", "This is excellent for many reasons, you’ll instantly see what works and what doesn’t as the results will either show your type of business or not. ", "Once you start finding keywords that work, you’re likely to find your online competitors and can then look at their websites and see what keywords that they’re using by looking at all the optimisation factors as listed above.", "\n\nAgain you can see any website’s meta-tags by clicking on the View or Page menu’s in your browser then selecting the option that says, ‘source’ or ‘page source’.", "\n\nNow that you have a pretty good list, you can also make use of many online tools to check your keywords for popularity and frequency of use and for suggestions as to alternative but useful keywords that you may not have come across. ", "For example:\n\nI’VE GOT A LIST OF KEYWORDS SO NOW WHAT?", "\n\nSet about having all the search engine optimisation tips above implemented. ", "Look at your website content – does it need an overhaul, do the words need rewriting? ", "Have your web designer/developer add or refresh the ‘tags’ that need improving if you’re unable to. ", "Look at ways you can expand your web presence past your website through social networking alternatives and use your keywords to help with the content of these. ", "Take time to review your list once in a while, keep checking that they’re relevant to your business and that they’re working for you.", "\n\nHave Google Analytics installed on your website, it’s an excellent tool and will provide some feedback on keywords used to find your site and it’s FREE.", "\n\nAs Gary Reid said, ‘blindly optimising for a set of keywords is a quick way to waste time and money’. ", "Certainly in today’s economy making use of inexpensive marketing techniques is crucial and having smart keywords will definitely go some way in helping to avoid wasting time and money. ", "Particularly for small businesses it will help in quickly targeting your online marketing efforts so those very important customers who are out there really searching for you and your business will find you and not your competitors.", "\n\nShare this:\n\nLike this:\n\nMore about katproductions\n\nSmall businesses need a web presence and this is more than simply having a website.", "\n\nHaving a web presence will increase your visibility online and will strengthen your credibility as a company.", "\n\nThere are many fantastic free online tools that small businesses can use to help build their web presence into one that works well like effective keyword generation, business blogging and social media.", "\n\nkatproductions is a web design company based in Beverley, East Yorkshire and we want to encourage and inform small business owners of these brilliant online tools and social media applications like Facebook, Twitter and LinkedIn that can really help your businesses thrive online.", "\n\nWe are striving to create a blog that becomes a small business toolkit for creating a superb online presence." ]

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[ "Madeleine Radziwiłł\n\nPrincess Maria Madeleine Radziwiłł (born Marie-Eve-Madeleine-Josephus-Elizabeth-Apollonia-Catherine Zawisza-Kierżgajło; 1861 Warsaw – 1945 Fribourg) was a Polish–Belarussian aristocrat who financed many Catholic works.", "\n\nBiography \nShe was the daughter of Count and the Countess Marie Kwilecka, former lady-in-waiting to the Russian Empress and great-granddaughter of King Stanisław August Poniatowski. ", "The count was keen on archaeology and collected ancient medals and coins. ", "They spoke French and Polish at home, as well as Belarusian with servants. ", "She was educated by governesses and teachers. ", "She spent her winters in Warsaw. ", "Her older sister married of the Nieborów branch and also became a philanthropist.", "\n\nIn 1882, Madeleine married the wealthy Count (1833–1885) who was 27 years her senior. ", "They had a daughter, Maria Ludwika (1883–1958), who married Prince Adam Czartoryski in 1901. ", "As a widow, Countess Krasinska spent most of her time at her property near Igumen (now Chervyen in Minsk Province) and also visited the properties inherited from her father.", "\n\nIn 1904, she fell in love with the young prince Wacław Mikołaj Radziwiłł (1880–1914) who was 19 years younger than her (she was 45, he was 26). ", "They married in London on March 30, 1906. ", "The scandal isolated them. ", "The prince was dismissed from society, their London relations turned away from them. ", "They left to settle in , owned by the princess. ", "He was dedicated to the management of the property which included an immense forest of pines and oaks of 27,000 dessiatines (73,000 acres).", "\n\nPrince Radziwiłł fought in the Russian Imperial Army during the First World War and died at the beginning of the war in East Prussia. ", "She devoted herself to works of charity and becomes a Dominican tertiary. ", "She was at the head of a large fortune with 18 estates and immense forests. ", "She lived in Kaunas, then in Germany. ", "Finally she was ruined and in 1932, finished her days in Fribourg, in a convent of Dominicans. ", "Her ashes were reburied in Minsk.", "\n\nPhilanthropy\nShe financed a Belarusian newspaper, Biełarus, the publishing house , a society to fight against alcoholism, a school of the village of Kuchcičy. ", "She received representatives of Belarussian culture such as Vaclav Iwanowski (Vatslav Ivanovski), a Minister of Education in 1918 of the Belarusian People's Republic (shot in 1943 by the NKGB); the Lutskevich brothers publishers of the Belarussian weekly Nasha Niva (1906–1915); Roman Skirmunt, member of the Third Duma (1910–1911) and Chairman of the Belarusian People's Committee (1915–1917); or Edward Woyniłłowicz a politician. ", "She materially aided Maksim Bahdanovič in publishing his first books, as well as Maksim Haretski, Iakoub Kolas and Anton Levitsky. ", "She helped finance Vilnius University.", "\n\nRadziwiłł also helped charitable works like the convent of Druya with their high school which was opened by the Marianists of the Immaculate Conception in 1923; had a seminary built in Vilnius and donated to the construction of the St Casimir's Lithuanian Church in London. ", "She is active at the Minsk Charity Society helping victims of the war. ", "After the war, she financed the seminary for the Belarusian Greek Catholic Church in Rome and members of the \"Lithuanian Renaissance\". ", "She donated funds to build a church in Warsaw, and orphanages and children's homes in Minsk. ", "She donated 1,009 books to the Lithuanian Scientific Society. ", "In 1930, she was awarded the Order of the Lithuanian Grand Duke Gediminas (1st degree).", "\n\nSee also \nRadziwiłł family\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links \n Magdalena Zawisza-Kieżgajłło h. Łabędź (odm.) (", "ID: 12.273.277) Genealogy\n\nCategory:1861 births\nCategory:1945 deaths\nMadelaine\nCategory:Krasiński family\nCategory:People from Warsaw\nCategory:Polish philanthropists\nCategory:Recipients of the Order of the Lithuanian Grand Duke Gediminas" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }

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[ "[Effectiveness of eyeglasses for protection against ultraviolet rays].", "\nThe relationship between eyeglass size and protection of the eye surface from the effects of solar ultraviolet (UV) rays was investigated. ", "Solar UV rays irradiating the eye surface were measured on a mannequin which modeled the standard facial bone structure of a Japanese female. ", "UV sensor chips (photo-sensitivity: 260-400 nm) were attached to the ocular surface of the lid fissure. ", "UV measurement was done from 12:00 to 15:00 on a sunny day in March. ", "UV intensity was measured under the following conditions: 1) with or without eyeglasses, 2) wearing sunglasses with side protectors, and 3) wearing a cap with a 7 cm brim. ", "Eyeglasses of four frame sizes (width: 48-57 mm) were put on the mannequin. ", "All lenses were made of plastic and coated so as to be impervious to rays shorter than 400 nm. ", "The refractive power was 0 diopters. ", "At the same time, UV irradiation intensity from all directions (excluding from the earth direction) was measured using a polyhedron type UV sensor with 25 sensor chips. ", "Except for eyeglasses with the smallest frame size, eyeglasses effectively reduced UV exposure to sunlight from the upper front direction. ", "However, protection against rays from the upper temporal direction was extremely poor. ", "Sunlight from the upper back was reflected by the posterior surface of the eyeglasses and reached the eye surface. ", "The efficacy of eyeglasses against UV depends on their size. ", "The shape of the eyeglasses and reflection from the posterior lens surface are also of great importance. ", "Small eyeglasses do not offer ideal UV protection for the Japanese face shape." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }

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[ "//------------------------------------------------------------\n// Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation. ", " All rights reserved.", "\n//------------------------------------------------------------\nnamespace System.", "ServiceModel.", "Channels\n{\n using System.", "Globalization;\n using System.", "IO;\n using System.", "Runtime;\n using System.", "ServiceModel;\n using System.", "ServiceModel.", "Description;\n using System.", "ServiceModel.", "Diagnostics;\n using System.", "Text;\n using System.", "Threading;\n using System.", "Xml;\n using System.", "ServiceModel.", "Diagnostics.", "Application;\n using System.", "Runtime.", "Diagnostics;\n\n class MtomMessageEncoderFactory : MessageEncoderFactory\n {\n MtomMessageEncoder messageEncoder;\n\n public MtomMessageEncoderFactory(MessageVersion version, Encoding writeEncoding, int maxReadPoolSize, int maxWritePoolSize, int maxBufferSize, XmlDictionaryReaderQuotas quotas)\n {\n messageEncoder = new MtomMessageEncoder(version, writeEncoding, maxReadPoolSize, maxWritePoolSize, maxBufferSize, quotas);\n }\n\n public override MessageEncoder Encoder\n {\n get { return messageEncoder; }\n }\n\n public override MessageVersion MessageVersion\n {\n get { return messageEncoder.", "MessageVersion; }\n }\n\n public int MaxWritePoolSize\n {\n get { return messageEncoder.", "MaxWritePoolSize; }\n }\n\n public int MaxReadPoolSize\n {\n get { return messageEncoder.", "MaxReadPoolSize; }\n }\n\n public XmlDictionaryReaderQuotas ReaderQuotas\n {\n get\n {\n return messageEncoder.", "ReaderQuotas;\n }\n }\n\n public int MaxBufferSize\n {\n get { return messageEncoder.", "MaxBufferSize; }\n }\n\n public static Encoding[] GetSupportedEncodings()\n {\n Encoding[] supported = TextEncoderDefaults.", "SupportedEncodings;\n Encoding[] enc = new Encoding[supported.", "Length];\n Array.", "Copy(supported, enc, supported.", "Length);\n return enc;\n }\n\n }\n\n // Some notes:\n // The Encoding passed in is used for the SOAP envelope\n class MtomMessageEncoder : MessageEncoder, ITraceSourceStringProvider\n {\n Encoding writeEncoding;\n\n // Double-checked locking pattern requires volatile for read/write synchronization\n volatile SynchronizedPool<XmlDictionaryWriter> streamedWriterPool;\n volatile SynchronizedPool<XmlDictionaryReader> streamedReaderPool;\n volatile SynchronizedPool<MtomBufferedMessageData> bufferedReaderPool;\n volatile SynchronizedPool<MtomBufferedMessageWriter> bufferedWriterPool;\n volatile SynchronizedPool<RecycledMessageState> recycledStatePool;\n\n object thisLock;\n MessageVersion version;\n const int maxPooledXmlReadersPerMessage = 2;\n int maxReadPoolSize;\n int maxWritePoolSize;\n static UriGenerator mimeBoundaryGenerator;\n XmlDictionaryReaderQuotas readerQuotas;\n XmlDictionaryReaderQuotas bufferedReadReaderQuotas;\n int maxBufferSize;\n OnXmlDictionaryReaderClose onStreamedReaderClose;\n\n internal TextMessageEncoderFactory.", "ContentEncoding[] contentEncodingMap;\n\n const string mtomMediaType = \"multipart/related\";\n const string mtomContentType = mtomMediaType + \"; type=\\\"application/xop+xml\\\"\";\n const string mtomStartUri = NamingHelper.", "DefaultNamespace + \"0\";\n\n public MtomMessageEncoder(MessageVersion version, Encoding writeEncoding, int maxReadPoolSize, int maxWritePoolSize, int maxBufferSize, XmlDictionaryReaderQuotas quotas)\n {\n if (version == null)\n throw DiagnosticUtility.", "ExceptionUtility.", "ThrowHelperArgumentNull(\"version\");\n if (writeEncoding == null)\n throw DiagnosticUtility.", "ExceptionUtility.", "ThrowHelperArgumentNull(\"writeEncoding\");\n\n TextEncoderDefaults.", "ValidateEncoding(writeEncoding);\n this.writeEncoding = writeEncoding;\n\n this.maxReadPoolSize = maxReadPoolSize;\n this.maxWritePoolSize = maxWritePoolSize;\n\n this.readerQuotas = new XmlDictionaryReaderQuotas();\n quotas.", "CopyTo(this.readerQuotas);\n\n this.bufferedReadReaderQuotas = EncoderHelpers.", "GetBufferedReadQuotas(this.readerQuotas);\n\n this.maxBufferSize = maxBufferSize;\n this.onStreamedReaderClose = new OnXmlDictionaryReaderClose(ReturnStreamedReader);\n\n this.thisLock = new object();\n\n if (version.", "Envelope == EnvelopeVersion.", "Soap12)\n {\n this.contentEncodingMap = TextMessageEncoderFactory.", "Soap12Content;\n }\n else if (version.", "Envelope == EnvelopeVersion.", "Soap11)\n {\n this.contentEncodingMap = TextMessageEncoderFactory.", "Soap11Content;\n }\n else\n {\n Fx.", "Assert(\"Invalid MessageVersion\");\n throw DiagnosticUtility.", "ExceptionUtility.", "ThrowHelperError(new InvalidOperationException(String.", "Format(CultureInfo.", "InvariantCulture, \"Invalid MessageVersion\")));\n }\n\n this.version = version;\n }\n\n static UriGenerator MimeBoundaryGenerator\n {\n get\n {\n if (mimeBoundaryGenerator == null)\n mimeBoundaryGenerator = new UriGenerator(\"uuid\", \"+\");\n return mimeBoundaryGenerator;\n }\n }\n\n public override string ContentType\n {\n get { return mtomContentType; }\n }\n\n public int MaxWritePoolSize\n {\n get { return maxWritePoolSize; }\n }\n\n public int MaxReadPoolSize\n {\n get { return maxReadPoolSize; }\n }\n\n public XmlDictionaryReaderQuotas ReaderQuotas\n {\n get\n {\n return readerQuotas;\n }\n }\n\n public int MaxBufferSize\n {\n get { return maxBufferSize; }\n }\n\n public override string MediaType\n {\n get { return mtomMediaType; }\n }\n\n public override MessageVersion MessageVersion\n {\n get { return version; }\n }\n\n internal bool IsMTOMContentType(string contentType)\n {\n // check for MTOM contentType: multipart/related; type=\\\"application/xop+xml\\\"\n return IsContentTypeSupported(contentType, this.", "ContentType, this.", "MediaType);\n }\n\n internal bool IsTextContentType(string contentType)\n {\n // check for Text contentType: text/xml or application/soap+xml\n string textMediaType = TextMessageEncoderFactory.", "GetMediaType(version);\n string textContentType = TextMessageEncoderFactory.", "GetContentType(textMediaType, writeEncoding);\n return IsContentTypeSupported(contentType, textContentType, textMediaType);\n }\n\n public override bool IsContentTypeSupported(string contentType)\n {\n if (contentType == null)\n throw DiagnosticUtility.", "ExceptionUtility.", "ThrowHelperError(new ArgumentNullException(\"contentType\"));\n return (IsMTOMContentType(contentType) || IsTextContentType(contentType));\n }\n\n internal override bool IsCharSetSupported(string charSet)\n {\n if (charSet == null || charSet.", "Length == 0)\n return true;\n\n Encoding tmp;\n return TextEncoderDefaults.", "TryGetEncoding(charSet, out tmp);\n }\n\n string GenerateStartInfoString()\n {\n return (version.", "Envelope == EnvelopeVersion.", "Soap12) ? ", "TextMessageEncoderFactory.", "Soap12MediaType : TextMessageEncoderFactory.", "Soap11MediaType;\n }\n\n public override Message ReadMessage(ArraySegment<byte> buffer, BufferManager bufferManager, string contentType)\n {\n if (bufferManager == null)\n throw DiagnosticUtility.", "ExceptionUtility.", "ThrowHelperArgumentNull(\"bufferManager\");\n\n if (contentType == this.", "ContentType)\n contentType = null;\n\n if (TD.MtomMessageDecodingStartIsEnabled())\n {\n TD.MtomMessageDecodingStart();\n }\n\n MtomBufferedMessageData messageData = TakeBufferedReader();\n messageData.", "ContentType = contentType;\n messageData.", "Open(buffer, bufferManager);\n RecycledMessageState messageState = messageData.", "TakeMessageState();\n if (messageState == null)\n messageState = new RecycledMessageState();\n Message message = new BufferedMessage(messageData, messageState);\n message.", "Properties.", "Encoder = this;\n if (MessageLogger.", "LogMessagesAtTransportLevel)\n MessageLogger.", "LogMessage(ref message, MessageLoggingSource.", "TransportReceive);\n\n if (TD.MessageReadByEncoderIsEnabled() && buffer !", "= null)\n {\n TD.MessageReadByEncoder(\n EventTraceActivityHelper.", "TryExtractActivity(message, true),\n buffer.", "Count,\n this);\n }\n\n return message;\n }\n\n public override Message ReadMessage(Stream stream, int maxSizeOfHeaders, string contentType)\n {\n if (stream == null)\n throw DiagnosticUtility.", "ExceptionUtility.", "ThrowHelperError(new ArgumentNullException(\"stream\"));\n\n if (contentType == this.", "ContentType)\n contentType = null;\n\n if (TD.MtomMessageDecodingStartIsEnabled())\n {\n TD.MtomMessageDecodingStart();\n }\n\n XmlReader reader = TakeStreamedReader(stream, contentType);\n Message message = Message.", "CreateMessage(reader, maxSizeOfHeaders, version);\n message.", "Properties.", "Encoder = this;\n\n if (TD.StreamedMessageReadByEncoderIsEnabled())\n {\n TD.StreamedMessageReadByEncoder(EventTraceActivityHelper.", "TryExtractActivity(message, true));\n }\n\n if (MessageLogger.", "LogMessagesAtTransportLevel)\n MessageLogger.", "LogMessage(ref message, MessageLoggingSource.", "TransportReceive);\n return message;\n }\n\n public override ArraySegment<byte> WriteMessage(Message message, int maxMessageSize, BufferManager bufferManager, int messageOffset)\n {\n return WriteMessage(message, maxMessageSize, bufferManager, messageOffset, GenerateStartInfoString(), null, null, true /*writeMessageHeaders*/);\n }\n\n internal string GetContentType(out string boundary)\n {\n string startInfo = GenerateStartInfoString();\n boundary = MimeBoundaryGenerator.", "Next();\n\n return FormatContentType(boundary, startInfo);\n }\n\n internal string FormatContentType(string boundary, string startInfo)\n {\n return String.", "Format(CultureInfo.", "InvariantCulture,\n \"{0};start=\\\"<{1}>\\\";boundary=\\\"{2}\\\";start-info=\\\"{3}\\\"\",\n mtomContentType, mtomStartUri, boundary, startInfo);\n }\n\n internal ArraySegment<byte> WriteMessage(Message message, int maxMessageSize, BufferManager bufferManager, int messageOffset, string boundary)\n {\n return WriteMessage(message, maxMessageSize, bufferManager, messageOffset, GenerateStartInfoString(), boundary, mtomStartUri, false /*writeMessageHeaders*/);\n }\n\n ArraySegment<byte> WriteMessage(Message message, int maxMessageSize, BufferManager bufferManager, int messageOffset, string startInfo, string boundary, string startUri, bool writeMessageHeaders)\n {\n if (message == null)\n throw DiagnosticUtility.", "ExceptionUtility.", "ThrowHelperArgumentNull(\"message\");\n if (bufferManager == null)\n throw DiagnosticUtility.", "ExceptionUtility.", "ThrowHelperArgumentNull(\"bufferManager\");\n if (maxMessageSize < 0)\n throw DiagnosticUtility.", "ExceptionUtility.", "ThrowHelperError(new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(\"maxMessageSize\", maxMessageSize,\n SR.GetString(SR.ValueMustBeNonNegative)));\n if (messageOffset < 0 || messageOffset > maxMessageSize)\n throw DiagnosticUtility.", "ExceptionUtility.", "ThrowHelperError(new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(\"messageOffset\", messageOffset,\n SR.GetString(SR.ValueMustBeInRange, 0, maxMessageSize)));\n ThrowIfMismatchedMessageVersion(message);\n\n EventTraceActivity eventTraceActivity = null;\n if (TD.MtomMessageEncodingStartIsEnabled())\n {\n eventTraceActivity = EventTraceActivityHelper.", "TryExtractActivity(message);\n TD.MtomMessageEncodingStart(eventTraceActivity);\n }\n\n message.", "Properties.", "Encoder = this;\n\n MtomBufferedMessageWriter messageWriter = TakeBufferedWriter();\n messageWriter.", "StartInfo = startInfo;\n messageWriter.", "Boundary = boundary;\n messageWriter.", "StartUri = startUri;\n messageWriter.", "WriteMessageHeaders = writeMessageHeaders;\n messageWriter.", "MaxSizeInBytes = maxMessageSize;\n ArraySegment<byte> messageData = messageWriter.", "WriteMessage(message, bufferManager, messageOffset, maxMessageSize);\n ReturnMessageWriter(messageWriter);\n\n if (TD.MessageWrittenByEncoderIsEnabled() && messageData !", "= null)\n {\n TD.MessageWrittenByEncoder(\n eventTraceActivity ?? ", "EventTraceActivityHelper.", "TryExtractActivity(message),\n messageData.", "Count,\n this);\n }\n\n if (MessageLogger.", "LogMessagesAtTransportLevel)\n {\n string contentType = null;\n if (boundary !", "= null)\n contentType = FormatContentType(boundary, startInfo ?? ", "GenerateStartInfoString());\n\n XmlDictionaryReader xmlDictionaryReader = XmlDictionaryReader.", "CreateMtomReader(messageData.", "Array, messageData.", "Offset, messageData.", "Count, MtomMessageEncoderFactory.", "GetSupportedEncodings(), contentType, XmlDictionaryReaderQuotas.", "Max, int.", "MaxValue, null);\n MessageLogger.", "LogMessage(ref message, xmlDictionaryReader, MessageLoggingSource.", "TransportSend);\n }\n\n return messageData;\n }\n\n public override void WriteMessage(Message message, Stream stream)\n {\n WriteMessage(message, stream, GenerateStartInfoString(), null, null, true /*writeMessageHeaders*/);\n }\n\n internal void WriteMessage(Message message, Stream stream, string boundary)\n {\n WriteMessage(message, stream, GenerateStartInfoString(), boundary, mtomStartUri, false /*writeMessageHeaders*/);\n }\n\n public override IAsyncResult BeginWriteMessage(Message message, Stream stream, AsyncCallback callback, object state)\n {\n return new WriteMessageAsyncResult(message, stream, this, callback, state);\n }\n\n internal IAsyncResult BeginWriteMessage(Message message, Stream stream, string boundary, AsyncCallback callback, object state)\n {\n return new WriteMessageAsyncResult(message, stream, boundary, this, callback, state);\n }\n\n public override void EndWriteMessage(IAsyncResult result)\n {\n WriteMessageAsyncResult.", "End(result);\n }\n\n void WriteMessage(Message message, Stream stream, string startInfo, string boundary, string startUri, bool writeMessageHeaders)\n {\n if (message == null)\n throw DiagnosticUtility.", "ExceptionUtility.", "ThrowHelperError(new ArgumentNullException(\"message\"));\n if (stream == null)\n throw TraceUtility.", "ThrowHelperError(new ArgumentNullException(\"stream\"), message);\n ThrowIfMismatchedMessageVersion(message);\n\n EventTraceActivity eventTraceActivity = null;\n if (TD.MtomMessageEncodingStartIsEnabled())\n {\n eventTraceActivity = EventTraceActivityHelper.", "TryExtractActivity(message);\n TD.MtomMessageEncodingStart(eventTraceActivity);\n }\n\n message.", "Properties.", "Encoder = this;\n if (MessageLogger.", "LogMessagesAtTransportLevel)\n MessageLogger.", "LogMessage(ref message, MessageLoggingSource.", "TransportSend);\n XmlDictionaryWriter xmlWriter = TakeStreamedWriter(stream, startInfo, boundary, startUri, writeMessageHeaders);\n if (this.writeEncoding.", "WebName == \"utf-8\")\n {\n message.", "WriteMessage(xmlWriter);\n }\n else\n {\n xmlWriter.", "WriteStartDocument();\n message.", "WriteMessage(xmlWriter);\n xmlWriter.", "WriteEndDocument();\n }\n xmlWriter.", "Flush();\n ReturnStreamedWriter(xmlWriter);\n\n if (TD.StreamedMessageWrittenByEncoderIsEnabled())\n {\n TD.StreamedMessageWrittenByEncoder(eventTraceActivity ?? ", "EventTraceActivityHelper.", "TryExtractActivity(message));\n }\n }\n\n XmlDictionaryWriter TakeStreamedWriter(Stream stream, string startInfo, string boundary, string startUri, bool writeMessageHeaders)\n {\n if (streamedWriterPool == null)\n {\n lock (thisLock)\n {\n if (streamedWriterPool == null)\n {\n streamedWriterPool = new SynchronizedPool<XmlDictionaryWriter>(maxWritePoolSize);\n }\n }\n }\n XmlDictionaryWriter xmlWriter = streamedWriterPool.", "Take();\n if (xmlWriter == null)\n {\n xmlWriter = XmlDictionaryWriter.", "CreateMtomWriter(stream, this.writeEncoding, int.", "MaxValue, startInfo, boundary, startUri, writeMessageHeaders, false);\n if (TD.WritePoolMissIsEnabled())\n {\n TD.WritePoolMiss(xmlWriter.", "GetType().Name);\n }\n }\n else\n {\n ((IXmlMtomWriterInitializer)xmlWriter).SetOutput(stream, this.writeEncoding, int.", "MaxValue, startInfo, boundary, startUri, writeMessageHeaders, false);\n }\n return xmlWriter;\n }\n\n void ReturnStreamedWriter(XmlDictionaryWriter xmlWriter)\n {\n xmlWriter.", "Close();\n streamedWriterPool.", "Return(xmlWriter);\n }\n\n MtomBufferedMessageWriter TakeBufferedWriter()\n {\n if (bufferedWriterPool == null)\n {\n lock (thisLock)\n {\n if (bufferedWriterPool == null)\n {\n bufferedWriterPool = new SynchronizedPool<MtomBufferedMessageWriter>(maxWritePoolSize);\n }\n }\n }\n\n MtomBufferedMessageWriter messageWriter = bufferedWriterPool.", "Take();\n if (messageWriter == null)\n {\n messageWriter = new MtomBufferedMessageWriter(this);\n if (TD.WritePoolMissIsEnabled())\n {\n TD.WritePoolMiss(messageWriter.", "GetType().Name);\n }\n }\n return messageWriter;\n }\n\n void ReturnMessageWriter(MtomBufferedMessageWriter messageWriter)\n {\n bufferedWriterPool.", "Return(messageWriter);\n }\n\n MtomBufferedMessageData TakeBufferedReader()\n {\n if (bufferedReaderPool == null)\n {\n lock (thisLock)\n {\n if (bufferedReaderPool == null)\n {\n bufferedReaderPool = new SynchronizedPool<MtomBufferedMessageData>(maxReadPoolSize);\n }\n }\n }\n MtomBufferedMessageData messageData = bufferedReaderPool.", "Take();\n if (messageData == null)\n {\n messageData = new MtomBufferedMessageData(this, maxPooledXmlReadersPerMessage);\n if (TD.ReadPoolMissIsEnabled())\n {\n TD.ReadPoolMiss(messageData.", "GetType().Name);\n }\n }\n return messageData;\n }\n\n void ReturnBufferedData(MtomBufferedMessageData messageData)\n {\n bufferedReaderPool.", "Return(messageData);\n }\n\n XmlReader TakeStreamedReader(Stream stream, string contentType)\n {\n if (streamedReaderPool == null)\n {\n lock (thisLock)\n {\n if (streamedReaderPool == null)\n {\n streamedReaderPool = new SynchronizedPool<XmlDictionaryReader>(maxReadPoolSize);\n }\n }\n }\n XmlDictionaryReader xmlReader = streamedReaderPool.", "Take();\n try\n {\n if (contentType == null || IsMTOMContentType(contentType))\n {\n if (xmlReader !", "= null && xmlReader is IXmlMtomReaderInitializer)\n {\n ((IXmlMtomReaderInitializer)xmlReader).SetInput(stream, MtomMessageEncoderFactory.", "GetSupportedEncodings(), contentType, this.readerQuotas, this.maxBufferSize, onStreamedReaderClose);\n }\n else\n {\n xmlReader = XmlDictionaryReader.", "CreateMtomReader(stream, MtomMessageEncoderFactory.", "GetSupportedEncodings(), contentType, this.readerQuotas, this.maxBufferSize, onStreamedReaderClose);\n if (TD.ReadPoolMissIsEnabled())\n {\n TD.ReadPoolMiss(xmlReader.", "GetType().Name);\n }\n }\n }\n else\n {\n if (xmlReader !", "= null && xmlReader is IXmlTextReaderInitializer)\n {\n ((IXmlTextReaderInitializer)xmlReader).SetInput(stream, TextMessageEncoderFactory.", "GetEncodingFromContentType(contentType, this.contentEncodingMap), this.readerQuotas, onStreamedReaderClose);\n }\n else\n {\n xmlReader = XmlDictionaryReader.", "CreateTextReader(stream, TextMessageEncoderFactory.", "GetEncodingFromContentType(contentType, this.contentEncodingMap), this.readerQuotas, onStreamedReaderClose);\n if (TD.ReadPoolMissIsEnabled())\n {\n TD.ReadPoolMiss(xmlReader.", "GetType().Name);\n }\n }\n }\n }\n catch (FormatException fe)\n {\n throw DiagnosticUtility.", "ExceptionUtility.", "ThrowHelperError(new CommunicationException(\n SR.GetString(SR.SFxErrorCreatingMtomReader), fe));\n }\n catch (XmlException xe)\n {\n throw DiagnosticUtility.", "ExceptionUtility.", "ThrowHelperError(new CommunicationException(\n SR.GetString(SR.SFxErrorCreatingMtomReader), xe));\n }\n\n return xmlReader;\n }\n\n void ReturnStreamedReader(XmlDictionaryReader xmlReader)\n {\n streamedReaderPool.", "Return(xmlReader);\n }\n\n SynchronizedPool<RecycledMessageState> RecycledStatePool\n {\n get\n {\n if (recycledStatePool == null)\n {\n lock (thisLock)\n {\n if (recycledStatePool == null)\n {\n recycledStatePool = new SynchronizedPool<RecycledMessageState>(maxReadPoolSize);\n }\n }\n }\n return recycledStatePool;\n }\n }\n\n string ITraceSourceStringProvider.", "GetSourceString()\n {\n return base.", "GetTraceSourceString();\n }\n\n class MtomBufferedMessageData : BufferedMessageData\n {\n MtomMessageEncoder messageEncoder;\n Pool<XmlDictionaryReader> readerPool;\n internal string ContentType;\n OnXmlDictionaryReaderClose onClose;\n\n public MtomBufferedMessageData(MtomMessageEncoder messageEncoder, int maxReaderPoolSize)\n : base(messageEncoder.", "RecycledStatePool)\n {\n this.messageEncoder = messageEncoder;\n readerPool = new Pool<XmlDictionaryReader>(maxReaderPoolSize);\n onClose = new OnXmlDictionaryReaderClose(OnXmlReaderClosed);\n }\n\n public override MessageEncoder MessageEncoder\n {\n get { return messageEncoder; }\n }\n\n public override XmlDictionaryReaderQuotas Quotas\n {\n get { return messageEncoder.bufferedReadReaderQuotas; }\n }\n\n protected override void OnClosed()\n {\n messageEncoder.", "ReturnBufferedData(this);\n }\n\n protected override XmlDictionaryReader TakeXmlReader()\n {\n try\n {\n ArraySegment<byte> buffer = this.", "Buffer;\n\n XmlDictionaryReader xmlReader = readerPool.", "Take();\n if (ContentType == null || messageEncoder.", "IsMTOMContentType(ContentType))\n {\n if (xmlReader !", "= null && xmlReader is IXmlMtomReaderInitializer)\n {\n ((IXmlMtomReaderInitializer)xmlReader).SetInput(buffer.", "Array, buffer.", "Offset, buffer.", "Count, MtomMessageEncoderFactory.", "GetSupportedEncodings(), ContentType, this.", "Quotas, this.messageEncoder.", "MaxBufferSize, onClose);\n }\n else\n {\n xmlReader = XmlDictionaryReader.", "CreateMtomReader(buffer.", "Array, buffer.", "Offset, buffer.", "Count, MtomMessageEncoderFactory.", "GetSupportedEncodings(), ContentType, this.", "Quotas, this.messageEncoder.", "MaxBufferSize, onClose);\n if (TD.ReadPoolMissIsEnabled())\n {\n TD.ReadPoolMiss(xmlReader.", "GetType().Name);\n }\n }\n }\n else\n {\n if (xmlReader !", "= null && xmlReader is IXmlTextReaderInitializer)\n {\n ((IXmlTextReaderInitializer)xmlReader).SetInput(buffer.", "Array, buffer.", "Offset, buffer.", "Count, TextMessageEncoderFactory.", "GetEncodingFromContentType(ContentType, this.messageEncoder.contentEncodingMap), this.", "Quotas, onClose);\n }\n else\n {\n xmlReader = XmlDictionaryReader.", "CreateTextReader(buffer.", "Array, buffer.", "Offset, buffer.", "Count, TextMessageEncoderFactory.", "GetEncodingFromContentType(ContentType, this.messageEncoder.contentEncodingMap), this.", "Quotas, onClose);\n if (TD.ReadPoolMissIsEnabled())\n {\n TD.ReadPoolMiss(xmlReader.", "GetType().Name);\n }\n }\n }\n return xmlReader;\n }\n catch (FormatException fe)\n {\n throw DiagnosticUtility.", "ExceptionUtility.", "ThrowHelperError(new CommunicationException(\n SR.GetString(SR.SFxErrorCreatingMtomReader), fe));\n }\n catch (XmlException xe)\n {\n throw DiagnosticUtility.", "ExceptionUtility.", "ThrowHelperError(new CommunicationException(\n SR.GetString(SR.SFxErrorCreatingMtomReader), xe));\n }\n }\n\n protected override void ReturnXmlReader(XmlDictionaryReader xmlReader)\n {\n if (xmlReader !", "= null)\n readerPool.", "Return(xmlReader);\n }\n }\n\n class MtomBufferedMessageWriter : BufferedMessageWriter\n {\n MtomMessageEncoder messageEncoder;\n internal bool WriteMessageHeaders;\n internal string StartInfo;\n internal string StartUri;\n internal string Boundary;\n internal int MaxSizeInBytes = int.", "MaxValue;\n XmlDictionaryWriter writer;\n\n public MtomBufferedMessageWriter(MtomMessageEncoder messageEncoder)\n {\n this.messageEncoder = messageEncoder;\n }\n\n protected override XmlDictionaryWriter TakeXmlWriter(Stream stream)\n {\n XmlDictionaryWriter returnedWriter = writer;\n if (returnedWriter == null)\n {\n returnedWriter = XmlDictionaryWriter.", "CreateMtomWriter(stream, messageEncoder.writeEncoding, MaxSizeInBytes, StartInfo, Boundary, StartUri, WriteMessageHeaders, false);\n }\n else\n {\n writer = null;\n ((IXmlMtomWriterInitializer)returnedWriter).SetOutput(stream, messageEncoder.writeEncoding, MaxSizeInBytes, StartInfo, Boundary, StartUri, WriteMessageHeaders, false);\n }\n if (messageEncoder.writeEncoding.", "WebName !", "= \"utf-8\")\n returnedWriter.", "WriteStartDocument();\n return returnedWriter;\n }\n\n protected override void ReturnXmlWriter(XmlDictionaryWriter writer)\n {\n writer.", "Close();\n\n if (this.writer == null)\n this.writer = writer;\n }\n }\n\n class WriteMessageAsyncResult : ScheduleActionItemAsyncResult\n {\n string boundary;\n MtomMessageEncoder encoder;\n Message message;\n Stream stream;\n bool writeBoundary;\n\n public WriteMessageAsyncResult(Message message, Stream stream, MtomMessageEncoder encoder, AsyncCallback callback, object state)\n : base(callback, state)\n {\n Fx.", "Assert(encoder !", "= null, \"encoder should never be null\");\n\n this.encoder = encoder;\n this.message = message;\n this.stream = stream;\n\n Schedule();\n }\n\n public WriteMessageAsyncResult(Message message, Stream stream, string boundary, MtomMessageEncoder encoder, AsyncCallback callback, object state)\n : base(callback, state)\n {\n Fx.", "Assert(encoder !", "= null, \"encoder should never be null\");\n\n this.encoder = encoder;\n this.message = message;\n this.stream = stream;\n this.boundary = boundary;\n\n this.writeBoundary = true;\n\n Schedule();\n }\n\n protected override void OnDoWork()\n {\n this.encoder.", "WriteMessage(this.message, this.stream, this.encoder.", "GenerateStartInfoString(), string.", "IsNullOrEmpty(this.boundary) ? ", "null : this.boundary, this.writeBoundary ? ", "MtomMessageEncoder.mtomStartUri : null, !", "this.writeBoundary /*writeMessageHeaders*/);\n }\n }\n }\n}\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Github" }

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[ "1 of 8 View Caption\n\n(Al Hartmann | The Salt Lake Tribune) Mormon Women for Ethical Government, Salt Lake Indivisible and Action Utah members r... (Al Hartmann | The Salt Lake Tribune) Mormon Women for Ethical Government, Salt Lake Indivisible and Action Utah members r... (Al Hartmann | The Salt Lake Tribune) Mormon Women for Ethical Government, Salt Lake Indivisible and Action Utah members ... (Al Hartmann | The Salt Lake Tribune) Mormon Women for Ethical Government, Salt Lake Indivisible and Action Utah members s... (Al Hartmann | The Salt Lake Tribune) Mormon Women for Ethical Government, Salt Lake Indivisible and Action Utah members r... (Al Hartmann | The Salt Lake Tribune) Tikva Pearl, a big supporter of the cause joins rally with owner Judi Hilman with Sa... (Al Hartmann | The Salt Lake Tribune) Mormon Women for Ethical Government, Salt Lake Indivisible and Action Utah members s... (Al Hartmann | The Salt Lake Tribune) Mormon Women for Ethical Government, Salt Lake Indivisible and Action Utah members ..." ]

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