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tomekkorbak

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detoxify-pile-chunk3-50000-100000

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[ "Data storage utilization is continually increasing, causing the proliferation of storage systems in data centers. ", "In order to reduce storage space of a storage system, deduplication techniques are utilized, where data objects or files are segmented in chunks and only the deduplicated chunks are stored in the storage system.", "\nAt the time of data recovery by clients, there is a need to validate data integrity as data are read back from a storage system (e.g., backup storage system). ", "Some data would include integrity verification data such as checksum data inside the data stream for data integrity verification during the restoration. ", "However, such integrity verification data may cause seriously degraded deduplication of the actual data stream at the storage system. ", "Such data integrity check should survive backup data migration among different tiers of storage, while its operation efficiency should be guaranteed with random data access and deduplication effectiveness at the storage systems preserved.", "\nIn addition, a data stream such as a backup data stream typically consists of a sequence of data objects or files. ", "Typically, storage systems are unaware of individual file boundaries that can be used as heuristics for segmentation, thus segmentation boundaries tend to randomize across file boundaries. ", "As a result, such a configuration would affect performance and/or deduplication effectiveness, because a file is often represented and accessed as a whole unit during backup and synthetic operations." ]

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[ "Petasida ephippigera\n\nPetasida ephippigera (Leichhardt's grasshopper) is a pyrgomorph (gaudy grasshopper) native to tropical northern Australia. ", "The species is named after Ludwig Leichhardt.", "\n\nIt is bright orange with significant blue patches on its head and thorax, and black or very dark blue dappled spots on its abdomen.", "\n\nReferences\n\nCategory:Pyrgomorphidae\nCategory:Orthoptera of Australia\nCategory:Endemic fauna of Australia\nCategory:Insects described in 1845\nCategory:Taxa named by Adam White (zoologist)" ]

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[ "Scarecrow By frankieperez24 Watch\n\n84 Favourites 8 Comments 1K Views\n\nTrying to get a more movie like feel to my paintings. ", "Playing with lighting and contrast a lot in this one.", "\n\nIMAGE DETAILS Image size 1922x1080px 750.83 KB Show More" ]

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[ "Fawn River Township, Michigan\n\nFawn River Township is a civil township of St. Joseph County in the U.S. state of Michigan. ", "The population was 1,648 at the 2000 census. ", "The township is named for the Fawn River.", "\n\nGeography\nAccording to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of , of which is land and (1.86%) is water.", "\n\nDemographics\nAs of the census of 2000, there were 1,648 people, 597 households, and 450 families residing in the township. ", " The population density was 84.5 per square mile (32.6/km²). ", " There were 651 housing units at an average density of 33.4 per square mile (12.9/km²). ", " The racial makeup of the township was 97.33% White, 0.61% African American, 0.06% Native American, 0.42% Asian, 1.15% from other races, and 0.42% from two or more races. ", "Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.73% of the population.", "\n\nThere were 597 households out of which 36.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 62.5% were married couples living together, 8.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 24.5% were non-families. ", "19.8% of all households were made up of individuals and 7.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. ", " The average household size was 2.76 and the average family size was 3.15.", "\n\nIn the township the population was spread out with 27.7% under the age of 18, 7.4% from 18 to 24, 30.7% from 25 to 44, 24.9% from 45 to 64, and 9.3% who were 65 years of age or older. ", " The median age was 35 years. ", "For every 100 females, there were 100.7 males. ", " For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 104.5 males.", "\n\nThe median income for a household in the township was $41,852, and the median income for a family was $46,985. ", "Males had a median income of $30,865 versus $22,841 for females. ", "The per capita income for the township was $17,533. ", " About 4.6% of families and 7.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 9.2% of those under age 18 and 5.3% of those age 65 or over.", "\n\nReferences\n\nCategory:Townships in St. Joseph County, Michigan\nCategory:Townships in Michigan" ]

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[ "Monitoring mercury exposure in reproductive aged women inhabiting the Tapajós river basin, Amazon.", "\nAmong Amazonian communities, exposure to methylmercury is associated mainly with fish consumption that may affect fetal development in pregnant women. ", "Therefore a temporal assessment was performed to assess the exposure of reproductive aged women to mercury who reside in the riparian communities of São Luís do Tapajós and Barreiras located in the Tapajós basin of the Brazilian Amazon from 1999 to 2012. ", "The total mercury concentration in the 519 hair samples was assessed by cold vapor atomic absorption spectrometry. ", "Data analysis showed that the average total mercury concentration decreased from 1.066 to 0.743 μg/g in those years. ", "In 1999 the proportion of volunteers with mercury levels ≥ 10 μg/g was approximately 68 %. ", "In general, exposure to mercury decreased among women of reproductive age, but the potential risks to reproduction and human health is still an issue as 22 % of the woman continued showing high mercury levels (≥ 10 μg/g) in 2012." ]

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[ "We've talked a lot about running multiple operating systems on the same computer—whether it's Windows and Linux, Windows and OS X, or something else—but what happens when it's time to get rid of one? ", "Here's how to delete Windows or Linux from your system after you've dual-booted them.", "\n\n\nThe process is actually quite simple, but many of you ask us this when you go through your first dual-booting process, so we've decided to lay out the instructions here for easy access. ", "All you really need to do is delete the partition on which your unwanted OS is installed. ", "That process will vary a little based on which OS you're keeping, so here are three sets of instructions.", "\n\n\nNote: Before you start, make sure you have an up-to-date backup of the system you want to keep. ", "If you make one tiny mistake in the steps below, you could end up deleting the wrong partition, which would be very very bad!", "\n\nKeep Windows and Remove Linux\n\nIf you've given Linux a shot but you're ready to stick with Windows as your main OS, you'll have to go through a few extra steps. ", "This assumes Windows and Linux were on the same drive, and the partitions are located next to each other. ", "Here's what you need to do:\n\nHead to the Start menu (or Start screen) and search for \"Disk Management.\" ", "Open up the Disk Management tool. ", "Find your Linux partition. ", "It won't be labeled since Windows doesn't understand the Linux file system, so you'll need to figure out which one it is by size and where it is on your hard drive. ", "Make sure you have the right one before continuing! ", "Right-click on the partition and choose \"Delete Volume.\" ", "This will delete the partition from your hard drive, leaving free space. ", "If you get a green box of \"free space,\" you'll have to right-click on it and choose \"Delete Volume\" a second time until you get the black \"Unallocated Space.\" ", "Right-click on your Windows partition and choose \"Extend Volume.\" ", "Extend it to fill the free space your Linux partition left behind. ", "Lastly, insert your Windows recovery disc (or recovery USB drive) and boot from it. ", "Choose \"Repair Your Computer,\" go to \"Troubleshoot,\" and then enter a Command Prompt. ", "Type the following command:\n\nbootrec.exe /fixmbr This will remove Linux's bootloader and replace it with Windows'. ", "Reboot your computer and you should find that it boots directly into Windows, with no Linux partition to be found.", "\n\n\nIf you set up your dual-booting differently, your instructions may vary slightly—like if you put Linux on a separate hard drive, or if you have other operating systems on the drive. ", "But for most people, these instructions should suffice.", "\n\n\nKeep OS X and Remove Windows or Linux\n\nIf you've using a Mac, removing another partition is very easy. ", "Again, this assumes that your partitions are on the same drive.", "\n\n\nUpdate: Reader MartyF81 notes that actually, the best way to uninstall Windows is to use Boot Camp's built-in uninstaller. ", "You can do this by launching the Boot Camp assistant and following the prompts.", "\n\nIf you are running Windows in BootCamp on an Apple, you actually need to uninstall it via Boot Camp Read more\n\n\nIf you need to remove a Linux partition, however (or you're on a Hackintosh), here's what you'll want to do:\n\nOpen up \"Disk Utility\" from /Applications/Utilities. ", "Click on your hard drive in the left-hand sidebar (the drive, not the partition) and go to the \"Partition\" tab. ", "Find the Windows or Linux partition you want to remove (you probably labeled them when you first created them). ", "Click on the partition you want to remove, then click the small minus button at the bottom of the window. ", "This will remove the partition from your system. ", "Click the corner of your Mac partition and drag it down so it fills up the free space left behind. ", "Click Apply when you're finished.", "\n\n\nYou Mac may take a minute to perform the necessary processes, but when it's done, your system will be back to its original Macintosh self. ", "If you had rEFIt installed on your system, you can leave it there—it isn't going to hurt anything—but you can also remove it just by deleting a few files.", "\n\n\nKeep Linux and Remove Windows\n\nIf you're the adventurous type and have decided to go to Linux full time, then your job is pretty easy. ", "Instructions may vary by distro and your specific setup, but for the traditional Ubuntu setup, it should look something like this:\n\nInsert a live CD or USB for your Linux distribution and start up its partition manager (like Gparted Right-click on that Windows partition and choose \"Delete\" from the menu. ", "Your machine may have other Windows-related partitions as well, like \"System Reserved\" and recovery partitions. ", "If you want, you can delete these as well (but make sure you have recovery discs handy if you're going to delete a recovery partition). ", "Right-click on your Linux partition and choose \"Resize/Move.\" ", "Resize it so it takes up the rest of the now-free space on your drive. ", "Click the \"Apply All Operations\" button in the toolbar to perform the selected tasks. ", "It may give you a warning saying that your computer may not boot, but with most Linux instalations this shouldn't be a problem (though if it is, check out this article\n\n\nWhen it finishes, you should have a hard drive with nothing but Linux on it. ", "Your boot menu will still have some Windows entries, and it'll work fine if you leave them there, but if you want to clean things up, just open up a Terminal in Linux and run:\n\nsudo update-grub\n\nto remove them.", "\n\nLike we said, every dual-boot setup is a beautiful and unique snowflake, so you may have to adjust some of these instructions as you go to work with your specific settings. ", "Hopefully, this should give you a good guide, though. ", "Always remember to back up first, and good luck!" ]

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[ "Italian Style Slow Cooker Pot Roast\n\nAh pot roast, one of those favorite one-pot meals that slow cooks during the night or day and be ready for your next meal. ", "We love this version because it sparks the flavors of Dana’s Italian senses and literally melts in your mouth. ", "We recommend serving it on top of mashed cauliflower.", "\n\nDirections\nRemove the pot roast from packaging and allow it to come to room temperature\nIn a large Dutch oven, heat the olive at medium-high heat\nWhile the oil heats, liberally coat the chuck roast with sea salt and pepper after drying with a paper towel\nSear the pot roast on all sides and place in a slow cooker\nTurn the slow cooker to low and set for 8 hours. ", "Your individual slow cooker may differ\nCover the pot roast with the remaining ingredients: tomatoes, carrots, garlic, olives, broth and wine\nLet the slow cooker do the rest of the work and serve with mashed cauliflower" ]

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[ "Share the News\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nSome somber news, Station North residents and local comic book lovers: BAMF Café on N. Charles Street is shutting down this month.", "\n\nThe café and eatery, themed entirely around comics, sci-fi and other nerdy realms, is closing up July 23, according to an announcement made on Facebook this morning.", "\n\n“We want to thank the Station North community for its support and friendship,” the statement says in part. “", "It has been a unique experience that we will cherish forever. ", "With heartfelt gratitude, we wish our customers, neighbors and employees the best in the future.”", "\n\nBAMF Café opened in fall of 2015 at 1821 N. Charles Street, across the street from what’s now The Parkway Theatre. ", "As City Paper reported, its name doesn’t reference the profane phrase that you were thinking of, but rather stands for “Books, Action Figures, Movies, Friends.” ", "Cleverly, it’s also a nod to the sound made when Nightcrawler of the X-Men series teleports.", "\n\nThe café has a full-service coffee counter and pastries, sandwiches, salads and other snacks for sale. ", "It also offers plenty of welcome distractions, aesthetically speaking, with cutouts of comic book characters, art and more adorning the walls, and puzzles and games to keep you busy.", "\n\nOddly, the business had just announced its new summer hours on Saturday.", "\n\nReached by phone this morning, an employee said a manager wasn’t around to speak about the closure, but would be in later.", "\n\nThe announcement is yet another sign of the changes afoot in the neighborhood. ", "Worker-owned book store, restaurant and event space Red Emma’s this weekend left the arts district for a much larger space at W. Preston and Cathedral streets in Midtown. ", "Another popular hangout, Liam’s Flynn’s Ale House, just around the corner on North Avenue, closed at the beginning of last year and remains empty.", "\n\nIt’s not all bad. ", "Station North has welcomed some new additions, including the Baltimore Arts Realty Corporation-owned arts space and restaurant Motor House, the Baltimore Improv Group’s newly renovated theater and the gaming space No Land Beyond.", "\n\nBut in the case of this closure, we can’t think of any real silver lining. ", "You will be missed, BAMF Café." ]

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[ "The great outdoors is a short walk from your front door\n\nShare This\n\nWhen I read about the author on the flyleaf of this book, I must admit my heart sank: ‘Tristan has led expeditions in five continents and is the only living person to have both flown solo and sailed singlehanded across the Atlantic.’ ", "Oh no, I thought, not another gung-ho memoir by some posh explorer, chronicling his adventures crossing the Andes on a pogo stick or paddling up the Amazon in a bathtub.", "\n\nThankfully, Wild Signs and Star Paths is nothing of the sort. ", "It’s a thoughtful, lyrical book about the hidden connections between flora and fauna, the landscape and the weather, and most of its wise and wondrous observations are gleaned from the author’s rambles around the English countryside — mainly amid the woods and meadows of his beloved South Downs.", "\n\nGooley does include the odd aside about Bedouin tribesmen and Australian aborigines, but his main point is that you don’t need to travel far to connect (or reconnect) with the great outdoors. ", "Indeed, a lot of the animals he talks about live only a short walk from your front door. ", "And who’s to say these creatures are any less remarkable? ", "Wouldn’t you be thrilled to see a fox or badger if you’d never come across one before?", "\n\nGooley is full of fascinating facts about such animals and their habitat; but his book is mainly about how the whole picture fits together. ", "He’s learned to pick up all sorts of clues from the natural world, finding his way around without a map or compass and anticipating what kind of creatures he’ll meet along the way. ", "He reckons these are things we all used to know, and can easily relearn if we want to. ", "Indeed, now I’ve read this book I’m seeing all sorts of things I never noticed before, even on my strolls around the scruffy woods behind my boring suburban home.", "\n\nGooley calls this a ‘lost sixth sense’; but it’s actually entirely rational — a way of reading how animals interact with the topography they inhabit. ", "This would have been second nature once, way back when we were all foragers and hunter-gatherers. ", "The agrarian revolution destroyed much of this shared knowledge, and the industrial revolution even more, but a lot of it is stuff our grandparents might have known: how to find your way home by the sun and stars, or the lichen on a tree. ‘", "All shapes in nature have meaning,’ writes Gooley. ", "His book is about those shapes.", "\n\nFor instance, did you know that honeysuckle grows clockwise and bindweed anticlockwise? ", "Or that you can work out the age of a tree by dividing its circumference (in centimetres) by 1.25 in woodland, or 2.5 in open country? ", "My favourite is Hooper’s Rule (after the English naturalist Max Hooper) for calculating the age of hedgerows: count the number of different plants in 30 yards of hedge and multiply the total by 110. ", "Likewise, you can usually work out whether a tree’s indigenous by seeing how many different insects live in it. ", "The foreign sycamore has only 15 while our domestic oak has 284.", "\n\nDespite all these stats, Gooley’s book is more elegiac than scientific, and it’s all the better for it. ", "It’s a paean to the beauty and majesty of nature, especially the nature we overlook in our back gardens and local parks. ", "And so, amid the botany and zoology and meteorology there are snatches of pure poetry: ‘I let the shadow complete its journey. ", "The sun clung to the treetops on the hills to the west for seconds before letting go.’", "\n\nAnd like all the best books, it makes the world around you a lot more interesting. ", "Before I read it I could never work out why my cat Billy would approach other cats side on. ", "Gooley has the answer: it’s the best way to hedge your bets. ", "If Billy decides to attack, it’s easy to turn and face his foe. ", "If Billy decides to flee, it’s easy to turn and run. ", "I was terribly impressed by this and I couldn’t wait to share the news with Billy. ", "But Billy didn’t seem that bothered. ", "I guess he knew about this all along." ]

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[ "\nBlockchains for Artificial Intelligence - trentmc\nhttps://blog.bigchaindb.com/blockchains-for-artificial-intelligence-ec63b0284984\n======\nlappa\nThis really doesn't make any sense.", "\n\n>blockchains introduced three new characteristics: centralized / shared\ncontrol, immutable / audit trails, and native assets / exchanges.", "\n\nBlockchains aren't immutable, they are just expensive to mutate.", "\n\nBlockchains aren't centralized.", "\n\nBlockchains didn't introduce audit trails, these have always been possible\nsimply through having a transaction table that is only appended to. ", "This of\ncourse does require trust in the central authority.", "\n\n>(4) Leads to provenance on training/testing data & models, to improve the\ntrustworthiness of the data & models. ", "Data wants reputation too.", "\n\nIs training set fraud really an issue in training AI?", "\n\n>(1) Leads to more data, and therefore better models. ", ">(2) Leads to\nqualitatively new data, and therefore qualitatively new models. ", ">(3) Allows\nfor shared control of AI training data & models.", "\n\nThe author has a poor understanding of both AI and blockchain technology[1].", "\nBlockchains are for decentralized consensus, but it seems the author is\nvaguely proposing using a blockchain as a mass datastore (with ownership\nlabels) for both training data and AI algorithms.", "\n\nOf course AI is an exciting field so this means you can generate hype by\nimplying the field of AI has yet to solve the problem of sharing data with\nfellow researchers until now.", "\n\n[1]\n[https://download.wpsoftware.net/bitcoin/alts.pdf](https://download.wpsoftware.net/bitcoin/alts.pdf)\n\n~~~\ntrentmc\nHi, it's the author here.", "\n\n> This really doesn't make any sense.", "\n\nDisagree. ", "Below, I respond to each of your points.", "\n\n> Blockchains aren't immutable, they are just expensive to mutate.", "\n\nAgreed; very little is truly absolutely immutable. ", "It's all shades of grey. ", "I\nactually prefer the word \"tamper-resistant\" and I usually say that next to the\n\"immutable\" definition, such as in the first paragraph of\n[https://bigchaindb.com/whitepaper](https://bigchaindb.com/whitepaper). ", "But\n\"immutable\" makes for a good shorthand, especially because that's the label\nthat the community uses.", "\n\n> Blockchains aren't centralized.", "\n\nOops, that was a typo. ", "I meant to say \"decentralized\". ", "Fixed it. (", "That was a\npretty big oops!)", "\n\n> Blockchains didn't introduce audit trails ...\n\nCorrect.", "\n\n> ... [status quo] require[s] trust in the central authority\n\nExactly. ", "And it's crucial to note that once you don't have to trust a central\nauthority to store your audit trail, you have a way more trustworthy audit\ntrail that improves many applications and unlocks new ones.", "\n\n> The author has a poor understanding of both AI and blockchain technology ...\n> \"treatise on altcoins\"\n\nDisagree. ", "First, you don't need an \"altcoin\" to have a blockchain. ", "To\nunderstand of what's special about blockchains, you first have to understand\nwhat already exists for distributed databases, then what the delta is.", "\n\nSecond, consensus in a distributed database has been around for decades;\nSatoshi did not invent it. ", "Lamport laid down much of the theory for FT and BFT\nconsensus in 1982. ", "What Bitcoin brought forward, in addition to BFT-ish\nconsensus, was Sybil tolerance (addressing attack-of-the-clones).", "\n\nThird, as for my understanding of AI: I've been doing it professionally since\nthe late 90s; here are my publications:\n[http://trent.st/publications](http://trent.st/publications). ", "Doing AI in the\n90s was one of the least popular things one could possibly do, so I certainly\ndidn't do it for the hype.", "\n\n> vaguely proposing using a blockchain as a mass datastore (with ownership\n> labels)\n\nObviously I gave much more specific proposals than that. ", "I have other writings\nthat dive into more detail on some of the use cases, such as an IP registry\n[1] and for AI DAOs [2].", "\n\n[1] [https://medium.com/ipdb-blog/a-decentralized-content-\nregistr...](https://medium.com/ipdb-blog/a-decentralized-content-registry-for-\nthe-decentralized-web-99cf1335291f) [2] [https://medium.com/@trentmc0/ai-daos-\nand-three-paths-to-get-...](https://medium.com/@trentmc0/ai-daos-and-three-\npaths-to-get-there-cfa0a4cc37b8)\n\n~~~\npdpi\n> First, you don't need an \"altcoin\" to have a blockchain.", "\n\nHmm, you're treading on thin ice here. ", "What exactly do you mean by a\n\"blockchain\", then? ", "I tend to work on the assumption that people are talking\nabout something closer to the whole Satoshi consensus stack on top of hashed\nlinked lists (the _actual_ blockchain), rather than just the hashed linked\nlist data structure. ", "Which segues into -- Satoshi consensus was designed\nagainst a stringent set of requirements, and the security model for the\nalgorithm he devised absolutely demands a miner reward of some sort that's\ndenominated in the same currency as that being used in transactions (in those\ncircumstances, double spend attacks can be proved irrational once a\ntransaction is deep enough inside the chain)\n\nI'm not saying you're flat-out wrong, but you do need to specify which\nproperties of Satoshi consensus you are willing to discard to make that\nstatement true.", "\n\n~~~\ntrentmc\nThrow a rock in the blockchain space and you'll find a different definition of\nblockchains, or what it means for one thing to be a blockchain or not. ", "It\ndoesn't really help anyone to argue for hours on end over this, when it's\nlargely a matter of opinion. ", "To me, what's more interesting is to identify\nwhat are the new characteristics (in terms of benefits) that blockchains have,\nabove and beyond traditional distributed databases; which in turn unlock new\napplications or improve existing applications. ", "To me, those characteristics\nare: decentralized, immutable, assets; I describe them in the article, and\nalso in more detail in\n[https://bigchaindb.com/whitepaper](https://bigchaindb.com/whitepaper).", "\n\n~~~\npdpi\n> To me, those characteristics are: decentralized, immutable, assets;\n\nHow do you achieve fully trustless decentralisation without the currency\naspect, while still being resilient to sybil attacks? ", "Or are you willing to\nsacrifice truslessness? ", "In which case, how are you defining decentralisation?", "\n\n~~~\ntrentmc\nI define \"decentralized\" as \"no single entity owns or controls\". ", "It can be\nfurther distinguished with \"server-based decentralization\" and \"server-free\ndecentralization\" [1].", "\n\nYou only need to be Sybil tolerant if you want your validating nodes to be\nanonymous. ", "There's certainly some applications where that's useful. ", "But it's\nnot a requirement for being decentralized. (", "Some will argue otherwise, and\nthat's ok; once again it depends how you define \"decentralized\"; my approach\nis about what benefits come to the application.)", "\n\n[1] [https://blog.bigchaindb.com/the-dcs-\ntriangle-5ce0e9e0f1dc](https://blog.bigchaindb.com/the-dcs-\ntriangle-5ce0e9e0f1dc)\n\n~~~\npdpi\nCare to link to sources for server-based and server-free decentralisation that\naren't your own blog posts?", "\n\n(Also, that blog post you linked is flat out wrong -- Bitcoin, Ethereum, et al\nare all instances of eventually consistent systems that can and do prevent\ndouble spends)\n\nStill -- if you're willing to sacrifice anonymity for the sake of avoiding\nsybil attacks, then how do your nodes federate without a central authority?", "\n\nThis is why having precise definitions matters: With each question I ask,\nwe're eroding away the guarantees that such a system provides, and the\nimplementation requirements with them. ", "At what point do we just give up on\n\"blockchains\", and just adapt a run of the mill distributed log-based db\ninstead, which gives you BFT and immutability, and where the asset layer is\neasy enough to add to the top?", "\n\n~~~\ntrentmc\n> Care to link to sources for server-based and server-free decentralisation\n> that aren't your own blog posts?", "\n\nThe best precedent is simply the long-standing difference between servers and\nclients in computing systems.", "\n\nIn blockchain discourse, this difference had not been acknowledged as much;\nthough of course a similar pattern exists between full nodes vs light/SPV\nclients.", "\n\nTo my knowledge, no one else had made the clarification of \"server-free\" vs\n\"server-less\" as different types of decentralization. ", "It is a useful\ndistinction as the article discusses.", "\n\n> Also, that blog post you linked is flat out wrong -- Bitcoin, Ethereum, et\n> al are all instances of eventually consistent systems\n\nAs the article states, they can and do prevent double spends, so we agree\nthere. ", "But that's not what \"consistent\" means in a CAP setting. ", "As the article\nstates, \"they they never have a deterministic guarantee of a consistent order;\nthey’re only eventually consistent (in a probabilistic sense). ", "But let’s be\ngenerous and call them consistent, because in practice they are used that way,\nthe workaround being higher latency as one waits for a sufficiently high\nprobability of avoiding inconsistency.\"", "\n\n> how do your nodes federate without a central authority?", "\n\nEach node votes on any transaction coming through. ", "The transaction only clears\nif it gets enough positive votes.", "\n\n> just adapt a run of the mill distributed log-based db instead ...\n\nWell in some cases that's all that people actually need; sometimes find myself\nreferring people to Kafka and the like.", "\n\nBut Kafka and the like are still controlled by a single admin; you can do more\nto decentralize. ", "As for immutability, it's all shades of grey, and certainly\nbeing a log-based db (read-only) helps a lot. ", "You can do more with Merkle\nDAGs, continuous backup to write-only media, etc.", "\n\nTo me it's not about \"eroding\" guarantees. ", "It's about saying \"ok, I have this\ndatabase, what properties do I want?\" ", "The potential results might be\nblockchain-like or not. ", "If decentralization, immutability, or assets are\npotentially interesting, then a blockchain technology could be interesting.", "\nOtherwise it comes down to other questions to choose among traditional DBs.", "\n\n~~~\npdpi\n> As the article states, they can and do prevent double spends, so we agree\n> there. ", "But that's not what \"consistent\" means in a CAP setting.", "\n\nYou're the one who asserted that CAP-style consistency is required to prevent\ndouble-spends. ", "Eventual consistency is a weakened form of consistency in the\nCAP sense. ", "Both Bitcoin and Ethereum have eventual consistency as much more\nthan a \"theoretical\" concern. ", "In your own words: \"But let’s be generous and\ncall them consistent, because in practice they are used that way, the\nworkaround being higher latency as one waits for a sufficiently high\nprobability of avoiding inconsistency.\" ", "The only way this is true is if you\naccept latencies measured in hours. ", "For real-world applications, you\nabsolutely need to deal with the eventual consistency (and, in fact, I've\nwritten several applications that deal with precisely that).", "\n\n> Each node votes on any transaction coming through. ", "The transaction only\n> clears if it gets enough positive votes.", "\n\nI didn't ask how you establish consensus. ", "I asked how the nodes federate -- if\na node tries to peer with you, how do you decide whether or not to accept the\nnode? ", "You suggested anonymity is out the window, so who controls node\nidentity?", "\n\n~~~\ntrentmc\n> You're the one who asserted that CAP-style consistency is required to\n> prevent double-spends\n\nCould you point me to where? ", "I like my thinking and expression to be\nconsistent (pun intended:)\n\n> I asked how the nodes federate .. who controls identity?", "\n\nEach node has a list of the public keys of other nodes. ", "There are various ways\nto handle key distribution, of course.", "\n\n~~~\npdpi\nFrom the blog post you linked three comments up or so:\n\n> Big “C” means all nodes see the same data at the same time. ", "Being big-C\n> consistent is a prerequisite to preventing double-spends, and therefore\n> storing tokens of value. ", "There are many models of consistency; we mean\n> “consistent” in the same way that the CAP theorem does, except a little bit\n> more loosely (for pragmatism). ", "Little “c” means strong eventual consistency,\n> such that when data gets merged there are no conflicts, but not consistent\n> enough to prevent double spends.", "\n\n> there are various ways to handle key distribution, of course\n\nRight. ", "Having the public keys advances the discussion precisely nothing,\nbecause public key auth is pretty much a given if we're talking about the\nservers identifying themselves.", "\n\nWhat tells us if we have a decentralised system with no central authority is:\nwho's the gatekeeper? ", "Who controls key distribution, and which keys are\naccepted into the pool?", "\n\n------\nkordless\n> They’re Software-as-a-Service on steroids.", "\n\nI've been writing about this for a while and I'm thankful someone else \"gets\nit\" on a level. ", "The key to understanding why blockchain data structures are a\nbig deal for software (including AI) is realizing how they enable change in\nbusiness models and the more customer focused \"business layers\" in which those\nmodels operate.", "\n\nIt's worth pointing out that SaaS is a evolutionary step up from the older MSP\nmodels. ", "Assuming software models do not change over time is dogmatic.", "\n\nBlockchains, like Bitcoin, enable a means by which suffering/cost of work can\nbe encapsulated in a transaction that cannot be altered later by the consumer\nof that suffering cost or the producer of that suffering cost. ", "This means the\nsuffering (work units) incurred by the AI (or the human involved) can be\npreserved in a way that is immutable and used later for efficiency\nimprovements. ", "That's not to say the work done by the AI is necessarily\nvaluable, but by making it immutable the work done by the AI can be\njudged/measured to have been worth the amount of resources it took from\nsomething else (i.e. an other's suffering) to do the work it did.", "\n\nIt is my belief that adversarial machine learning may benefit from blockchain\nbased data stores.", "\n\nAll of this is very important given our current infrastructure, and all\nsoftware models that go with it, resemble Swiss cheese from a security\nperspective. ", "Super viral growth models may make VCs and a few scrappy\nmillennials wealthy, but they don't scale long term for customer satisfaction.", "\nWe certainly don't want an AI going around creating super viral growth models\nthat drain the world's economy either!", "\n\nBlockchains enable \"do better\". \"", "Do better\" is the first step on the path to\nenlightenment.", "\n\nI should note that my use of the term \"suffering\" relates to the cost of\ncausality, either by one's own choice or by something outside one's own\nchoice. ", "It is not meant to refer to the human emotion of suffering, although\nthe two can certainly be related.", "\n\n~~~\nmccoyspace\nBut the definition of work changes and the value of that work also changes.", "\nBitcoin's internal self-referentiality and internally self-transparent genesis\nsidesteps this issue.", "\n\n\"This means the suffering (work units) incurred by the AI (or the human\ninvolved) can be preserved in a way that is immutable and used later for\nefficiency improvements. ", "That's not to say the work done by the AI is\nnecessarily valuable, but by making it immutable the work done by the AI can\nbe judged/measured to have been worth the amount of resources it took from\nsomething else (i.e. an other's suffering) to do the work it did.\"", "\n\nI think you are alluding to that fact in that above quote, but I think it\nstill begs the question of preserving a standard, abstract 'value of work'\nacross a constantly changing AI dataset.", "\n\n------\nquinndupont\nAs I see it, the main challenge with much of this proposal is that it isn't\nclear how to convince the kind of broad sharing much of this needs (for\ntraining). ", "There's some incentive, in the sense that if you participate you\nreap AI improvement, but traditional (and regulated) players will be hesitant,\non pure risk-management terms (and conservatism).", "\n\n~~~\ntrentmc\nIt's the author here. (", "Hi!)", "\n\nI agree, for the use cases that involve sharing, how do you incentivize this\nwhen many see data as the moat? ", "This is why I wrote the section about \"Hoard\nvs. share?\". ", "In some applications, there will be more incentives to hoard; in\nothers, to share.", "\n\nNote that one thing that softens this impasse is the idea of data exchanges.", "\nSo rather than \"hoard vs share\" you can think of all data as potentially \"for\nsale, but with a price\" and where the price could vary dramatically. ", "And\nthat's where a data exchange could come in to reduce friction for price\ndiscovery.", "\n\n~~~\nm3ta\nI don't understand the assertion made regarding blockchains/digital signatures\nsupposedly increasing accuracy or trust in IoT sensor-reading reliability.", "\n\nAlso, how do you respond to the inevitable criticism that advertising your\nsolution as a \"shared global registry\" invokes the \"How Standards Proliferate\"\nXKCD[1]?", "\n\nFinally, I like the idea of creating a marketplace or exchange for AI training\ninformation, but it's strictly not necessary to use a blockchain for this\npurpose unless a very large portion of your users are hyper-concerned about\ntheir anonymity. ", "It's also misleading to try to build a marketplace of signed\nIoT data, with the assumption that it is more trustworthy than unsigned IoT\ndata, when that is simply false.", "\n\n[1]: [https://xkcd.com/927/](https://xkcd.com/927/)\n\n~~~\ntrentmc\nThanks for the thoughts. ", "I'll respond to each point in turn.", "\n\n> I don't understand the assertion made regarding blockchains/digital\n> signatures supposedly increasing accuracy or trust in IoT sensor-reading\n> reliability.", "\n\nIf each IoT sensor has a known public key then we can know that the data came\nfrom that sensor.", "\n\nIt doesn't solve all reliability problems of course. ", "E.g. if you have a\nhardware failure, a digital signature ain't gonna help:)\n\n> Also, how do you respond to the inevitable criticism that advertising your\n> solution as a \"shared global registry\" invokes the \"How Standards\n> Proliferate\" XKCD[1]?", "\n\nI get this. ", "What's cool is that IPDB doesn't need to be (and shouldn't be) the\n\"one network to rule them all. ", "The path is to leverage other existing\nstandards and new connectivity standards, so that IPDB (or whatever registry)\nplays well with other emerging & existing registries.", "\n\nThe main lesson is from the internet itself, which was born by combining\ntogether disparate networks (ARPANET, NSFNet, etc) that didn't communicate\npreviously, via the invention of TCP/IP. ", "All the networks had to do was alter\ntheir top-level protocol and suddenly they could talk to other nets. ", "There's a\nsimilar protocol for blockchain tech, called Interledger\n([https://www.interledger.org](https://www.interledger.org)). ", "Whereas TCP/IP\nconnected networks with data, since you can re-send packets etc it doesn't\naccount for double-spending; Interledger does this. ", "You can view it as a way\nto connect networks of value.", "\n\nInterledger has already been used to connect Bitcoin, Ethereum, and many\ncentralized payment networks.", "\n\nThere are other protocols that are closer to the data level. ", "E.g. simply using\nJSON-LD helps. ", "And ILPD on top of that (roughly, a Merkle-ized JSON-LD). ", "And\ndomain-specific value transfer protocols above that, like COALA IP for\nintellectual property (which plays well with existing protocols like DDEX for\nmusic, PLUS for photography).", "\n\n> Finally, I like the idea of creating a marketplace or exchange for AI\n> training information, but it's strictly not necessary to use a blockchain\n> for this purpose\n\nAgreed; and I wrote about it: \"An exchange could be centralized, like\nDatastreamX already does for data. ", "But so far, they are really only able to\nuse publicly-available data sources, since many businesses see more risk than\nreward from sharing. ", "What about a decentralized data & model exchange? ...\"", "\nand I went on to list some benefits.", "\n\n> unless a very large portion of your users are hyper-concerned about their\n> anonymity.", "\n\nTo me, there are much greater benefits. ", "I'm hoping that the biggest benefit\nwill be to further catalyze a truly open data market.", "\n\n> It's also misleading to try to build a marketplace of signed IoT data, with\n> the assumption that it is more trustworthy than unsigned IoT data, when that\n> is simply false.", "\n\nI'm not sure why you say this; knowing the provenance of the data has clear\ntrust-related benefits in some cases like I described. ", "Obviously just standing\non its own, it has no benefit, it's all about usage farther along in the\npipeline.", "\n\n------\nmtdewcmu\nJust an observation on ML--\n\nIf the key to making ML useful has been huge sets of training examples, then\nthat shows that current ML algorithms are much worse than humans at\ngeneralizing from a small number of examples. ", "That suggests that current ML\nalgorithms are leaving a lot on the table in terms of how much they are able\nto learn from each example, and there is a lot of room for improvement.", "\n\n~~~\ntrentmc\nYou're absolutely right - there is a lot of room for improvement. ", "One of the\nbig research threads in ML is better unsupervised learning - to learn from\ndata without labels. ", "Another hot topic is adversarial networks, which generate\ntheir own training data by playing against each other. (", "15 years ago this was\n\"competitive co-evolution\";)\n\n> If the key to making ML useful has been huge sets of training examples\n\nBTW this is only for some ML approaches and problems. ", "There are some problems\nwhere getting more data is just way too expensive; e.g. building a model from\nsilicon manufacturing where each mfg. ", "run costs $50M; i.e. each datapoint\ncosts $50M. Guess what - there are still useful ML-y things you can do here.", "\nLess extreme, there are many problems with only 100-1000 training points\navailable, and you can still do a lot.", "\n\n------\nmehh\nBig Data + Blockchain + AI, looks quite hand wavy, have you found a practical\nuse case for BigchainDB yet?", "\n\n~~~\ntrentmc\nArticles like the \"AI + Blockchain\" one are meant to be forward-looking, to\nhelp inspire people to build. ", "Call it hand-wavy if you wish; I call it laying\nout a vision:)\n\nBut we're all about real apps getting built. ", "Many comanies are building on\nBigchainDB. ", "For example, I describe some of them here:\n[https://blog.bigchaindb.com/where-does-blockchain-\nscalabilit...](https://blog.bigchaindb.com/where-does-blockchain-scalability-\nmatter-specific-use-cases-from-digital-art-to-hr-9cf5ad8f7042).", "\n\nThere are many, many more companies that have not publicly announced what\nthey're building yet. ", "Stay tuned:)\n\n------\njcfrei\nI have also thought about the applications blockchains could have for AI.", "\nHowever I didn't consider blockchains as a means to store data but rather as a\nway to reliably track the performance/quality of various AI services. ", "You can\nread about it here: [http://jcfrei.com/the-ai-economy-\nbitcoin/](http://jcfrei.com/the-ai-economy-bitcoin/)\n\n~~~\ntrentmc\nOh cool! ", "Thanks for the link. ", "I just added it to the \"further reading\" section\non the bottom.", "\n\n------\ndavidgerard\nJust off the top of my head:\n\n* Why use a blockchain rather than a database?", "\n\n* Why do you require blockchain rather than some other approach?", "\n\n* Are you positing this as open to the hostile world? ", "If so, why? ", "If not, why use a blockchain?", "\n\n* If you're open to the hostile world: what's your threat model, and how are you addressing it?", "\n\n* How do your defences stop this from being the next Tay?", "\n\n~~~\ncesnja\nRegarding \"hostile world,\" I recently learned that on private networks where\nall participating nodes are authenticated, blockchains can substitute proof-\nof-(work|stake|...) for faster and more efficient algorithms for reaching\nconsensus [1] (I only remember raft something). ", "What's the use case then? ", "At\nleast for older data (in blocks far away from the current one), blockchain in\nan immutable database. ", "On the other hand, it's fun operating with buzzwords.", "\n\n[1]\n[http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7467408/?reload=true](http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7467408/?reload=true)\n\n~~~\ndavidgerard\nPretty much none. ", "The very funniest one is Intel's \"Proof of Elapsed Time\",\nwhich might as well be called Proof of Buying An Intel CPU. ", "Rather than have\nminers compete to produce the next block, a timer running in an environment\nsecured by a DRM mechanism built into your Intel CPU picks if you get to do\nthe next block. ", "The white paper is an extended advertisement for Intel®\nSoftware Guard Extensions™ (SGX™). ", "Also, they only have a simulated Proof of\nBuying An Intel CPU mechanism as yet.", "\n\n[https://intelledger.github.io/introduction.html](https://intelledger.github.io/introduction.html)\n\nThis doesn’t provide any security against malicious participants; the excuse\nis that private blockchains need speed over security. ", "You might think that at\nthat point you don’t need a blockchain at all, but you’re hardly going to sell\nany consultant hours with _that_ sort of thinking.", "\n\n------\nUptrenda\nThis article is confusing and contradicting in so many ways. ", "To start with, I\nwas expecting some kind of trustless self-contained system whereby everything\ncan be independently verified and concretely recorded in an autonomous system\nsimilar to a blockchain. ", "But instead what OP seems to be describing here is\nmore like a distributed database for storing AI training set data (similar to\nStorj) where he uses the blockchain more as a metaphor than anything specific.", "\n\nTo give you an example, he uses the distributed nature of the blockchain (as\nit pertains to storing full copies of the chain on multiple nodes) as a model\nfor storing training set data within a distributed system and the benefit he\nstates for this is that since the infrastructure isn't controlled by one\nperson - organizations will be more inclined to share.", "\n\nThe author then goes on to describe how the integrity of training set data can\nbe attested to in the form of ... \"I believe this data / model to be good at\nthis point\" which is about as far away from verifiable as you can get. ", "The\nproblem is, the article is very high level and its filled with meaningless\nbuzz words and double-speak like \"DAO\" ... which is apparently something that\ncan be applied to a human-based reputation system and a blockchain (hence\nuseless.)", "\n\nThere are ways to use artificial intelligence as [part of] the reward\nmechanism for a blockchain by creating an initial AI to recognize specific\ntypes of content and then rewarding miners for finding said content\n(\"datachains\" in data mining.) ", "And there are also trustless ways for rewarding\npeople for creating the best general-purpose intelligence for understanding a\ngiven type of data. ", "But from the author's account its very hard to see if\nwe're talking about anything concrete here as the article is so technically\nvague on details.", "\n\nHe does go into detail for several of these ideas. ", "But of the ideas stated\nnone of them are discrete, trustless, self-contained systems like a blockchain\n(or even really need a blockchain) which is a shame because AI, data, and\nblockchains can actually be unified to create bullet-proof entities (which in\nmy opinion will be much more purpose-specific than any vague Ethereum-type \"AI\nDAO\" non-sense.)", "\n\nEdit: The authors treatment of AI DAOs is worth the read.", "\n\n------\ndevty\nI noticed that bigchainDB is written enitrely in python. ", "I love python, but\nI'm surprised to see it used in the database space!", "\n\n(if the author is reading this) - what were your interest in using python? ", "Do\nyou have any concern for it's performance/scalability as the service grows?", "\n\n~~~\ntrentmc\nHi, this is the author:)\n\nI've been using Python in enterprise-grade, large-scale production systems\nsince the early 2000s. ", "And it works, well. ", "Most python libraries where\nperformance matters have C under the hood. ", "E.g. numpy matrix manipulation.", "\nParallel computing got way better with the async support.", "\n\nAs for BigchainDB itself: it wraps RethinkDB (and soon MongoDB) which is where\nmuch of the compute intensive stuff happens. ", "Also, we leverage these fast\nPython+C libraries, and parallelization. ", "If/when needed, we can always convert\nsome of our core stuff to C or another fast language.", "\n\n~~~\ndevty\ncool. ", "thanks for your explanation\n\n------\nantocv\nbigchaindb main product is actually a cluster of something like mongodb. ", "Read\nthe whitepaper, was disappointing.", "\n\n~~~\ntrentmc\nHi, it's Trent here, I'm CTO of BigchainDB and also the author of the\nblockchains-AI article.", "\n\nYep, it's a [database] cluster, and proud to be that:)\n\nBut, it's special in that there isn't a single organization that owns or\ncontrols it. ", "That is, it's decentralized.", "\n\nAnd in fact it draws on traditional distributed DBs by building on them, to\nget first-class scalability and querying abilities. ", "The first version was\nbuilt on RethinkDB and we're working on wrapping MongoDB too.", "\n\nThere's also a public version of BigchainDB that's getting rolled out, called\nIPDB ([http://ipdb.foundation](http://ipdb.foundation)). ", "With IPDB, people\nbuilding apps don't need to roll their own cluster, they can just talk to it\nvia http.", "\n\n> was disappointing\n\nHow? ", "We're always looking for feedback.", "\n\n~~~\nantocv\nYeah I get that, but a single \"mongodb or whatever cluster database behind\nbigchaindb that you are using was called\" drop tables * ; query would actually\ndelete your so called blockchain. ", "Thats a huge security whole, which last time\nI checked bigchaindb - would be solved \"administratively\" ie operational\nsecurity level instead of protocol.", "\n\nNot to sound like an ass though, I do keep an eye on bigchaindb for what it is\nto become as the people behind it do seem to have great talent.", "\n\nHas that security issue been resolved? ", "How is the ipdb secured?", "\n\n~~~\ntrentmc\nWe acknowledge this attack vector and others; and list them in github. ", "It's in\nour roadmap to address them. ", "The current schedule is the following: we're\ncurrently wrapping up the a base MongoDB integration (next couple weeks); on\nthe heels of that we'll improve the MongoDB replication (a couple months); and\non the heels of that we'll address the \"drop\" issue (and other unwanted\ncommands) via a wire protocol firewall. ", "More security stuff to follow that.", "\n\nBTW thanks for the kind words about our team. ", "I think they're amazing too:)\n\n------\ndaxfohl\nWhat about AI for blockchains?", "\n\n~~~\ntrentmc\nGreat question. ", "As the article says: there are many ways that AI can help\nblockchains, such as mining blockchain data (e.g. Silk Road investigation).", "\nThat’s for another discussion:)\n\nI'd love to see more suggestions here or elsewhere. ", "It would be my pleasure to\nwrite an article on this.", "\n\n" ]

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[ "Q:\n\nSailsJS remove bluebird\n\nI want to remove the bluebird package installed in my sails app, in favor of the native Node promises.", "\nBut after I set npm remove bluebird --save, I get:\nError: Cannot find module 'bluebird'\n at Function.", "Module._resolveFilename (module.js:325:15)\n at Function.", "Module._load (module.js:276:25)\n at Module.require (module.js:353:17)\n at require (internal/module.js:12:17)\n at Object.<anonymous> (/candyvoice/node_modules/sails/node_modules/consolidate/lib/consolidate.js:22:15)\n at Module._compile (module.js:409:26)\n at Object.", "Module._extensions..js (module.js:416:10)\n at Module.load (module.js:343:32)\n at Function.", "Module._load (module.js:300:12)\n at Module.require (module.js:353:17)\n at require (internal/module.js:12:17)\n at Object.<anonymous> (/candyvoice/node_modules/sails/node_modules/consolidate/index.js:1:80)\n at Module._compile (module.js:409:26)\n at Object.", "Module._extensions..js (module.js:416:10)\n at Module.load (module.js:343:32)\n at Function.", "Module._load (module.js:300:12)\n\nI don't use bluebird anywhere in my code so I'm guessing this is somehow a Sails dependency? ", "The stacktrace doesn't refer to any of my files either.", "\nThanks\n\nA:\n\nBluebird is a SailsJS dependency.", "\nYou can use native promises in your application alongside Sails' bluebird ones and it'll work seamlessly.", "\nBluebird has thousands of tests to ensure that its promises work seamlessly with native ones - and bluebird contributors are also NodeJS contributors that ensure it doesn't break from the other side either. (", "Full disclosure, I'm a bluebird contributor and a NodeJS collaborator).", "\nSimply don't use bluebird in your own code - and things will work well :)\nAs a caveat, in NodeJS 8 there's a chance unhandled promise rejections will throw. ", "You can fix this by setting process.on(\"unhandledRejection\" which will set the same behavior to all promises.", "\n\n" ]

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[ "Consumidores que têm poucos eletrodomésticos e por isso usam menos energia podem passar a pagar uma conta de luz mais barata. ", "É o que prevê uma proposta em discussão na Agência Nacional de Energia Elétrica (Aneel).", "\n\nA ideia é que passe a vigorar para consumidores de todas as classes a chamada tarifa binômia. ", "Já disponível para grandes indústrias, ela estabelece faixas de cobrança pelo serviço de distribuição - que é a construção e manutenção da rede que leva a energia até as casas e as empresas.", "\n\nO custo do serviço de distribuição, a chamada \"tarifa fio\", representa cerca de 30% do total pago nas contas de luz. ", "Esses recursos servem para remunerar as distribuidoras pelo uso da rede.", "\n\nHoje, casas ou lojas que consomem muita energia pagam, pelo serviço de distribuição, o mesmo valor que outras que usam pouca. ", "Com a tarifa binômia, a lógica é que os grandes consumidores passem a pagar mais pelo serviço porque exigem um maior investimento das distribuidoras para atender à sua demanda. ", "E, quem usa menos energia, pagaria menos.", "\n\n\"Se você tem dois consumidores, você tem uma demanda declarada de X e o seu vizinho de metade de X, hoje vocês pagam a mesma tarifa, mas certamente a rede da distribuidora levou em consideração a carga de vocês dois. ", "Você demandou mais de força da rede do que o seu vizinho, então você pagará mais a tarifa de fio do que o seu vizinho\", explicou o diretor-geral da Aneel, Romeu Rufino.", "\n\n1 de 2 Aneel estuda implantar a tarifa binômia para todos os consumidores — Foto: Arte/G1 Aneel estuda implantar a tarifa binômia para todos os consumidores — Foto: Arte/G1\n\nQuando começa?", "\n\nA proposta ainda não tem data para ser votada na Aneel, mas os estudos já estão sendo feitos. ", "A agenda regulatória da agência prevê a abertura de audiência pública sobre a tarifa binômia, que é essa cobrança diferenciada, já no segundo semestre de 2018. ", "A votação da proposta está prevista para 2019.", "\n\nDepois de ser aprovada, a Aneel deve fixar um calendário de implantação. ", "A adesão à tarifa binômia será obrigatória para todos os consumidores.", "\n\nQuando isso acontecer, cada casa e comércio terá que declarar, à distribuidora que o atende, a sua demanda de energia, que vai levar em conta, por exemplo, a quantidade de eletrodomésticos e equipamentos ligados no imóvel.", "\n\nPor exemplo: uma casa que tem aparelhos de ar-condicionado demanda mais energia - e mais estrutura de rede da distribuidora - do que outra que não possui esse tipo de equipamento.", "\n\nCom dessa declaração, será possível definir quem vai pagar uma tarifa de distribuição mais cara e quem vai pagar uma mais barata.", "\n\nEssa declaração pode ser simplificada pela análise do disjuntor usado na residência, por exemplo. ", "Esse disjuntor, que fica no relógio de energia, é instalado levando em consideração o número de eletrodomésticos e o consumo da residência.", "\n\n2 de 2 Linha de Transmissão de energia da Eletropaulo, em São Paulo — Foto: Marcelo Brandt/G1 Linha de Transmissão de energia da Eletropaulo, em São Paulo — Foto: Marcelo Brandt/G1\n\nPenalidade contra fraude\n\nSegundo Rufino, para evitar que alguém informe à distribuidora uma necessidade mais baixa de energia que a real, para pagar uma tarifa de distribuição mais barata, haverá penalidade, uma espécie de multa, que será cobrada sempre que um consumidor usar mais eletricidade do que a prevista na faixa em que ele se declarou.", "\n\n\"O que o consumidor poderia imaginar: eu vou subcontratar para pagar uma tarifa baixinha, mas aí tem uma regra que, se ele ultrapassar o que contratou, é muito mais caro. ", "Então, é uma penalidade pela ultrapassagem\", disse o diretor-geral da Aneel\n\n\"Ele [consumidor] tem que contratar a demanda correta para as distribuidoras dimensionarem a rede. ", "Ela não pode superdimensionar, porque ela [distribuidora] estaria investindo sem necessidade, mas não pode subdimensionar, porque aí teria problema de tensão e começa a dar problema\", completou ele.", "\n\nIndústria vê vantagens\n\nO presidente da Associação Brasileira de Grandes Consumidores Industriais de Energia e de Consumidores Livres (Abrace) e ex-diretor da Aneel, Edvaldo Santana, diz que a medida é positiva e que funciona bem para os consumidores de alta tensão.", "\n\n\"Se você perguntar hoje para os consumidores de alta tensão se querem voltar para o modelo antigo, ninguém quer\", afirmou.", "\n\nSegundo ele, no início os consumidores residenciais podem ter algum problema para fazer o dimensionamento correto da sua demanda por energia, mas a adaptação é rápida." ]

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[ " UNPUBLISHED\n\n UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS\n FOR THE FOURTH CIRCUIT\n\n\n No. ", "16-4839\n\n\nUNITED STATES OF AMERICA,\n\n Plaintiff - Appellee,\n\n v.\n\nJIMMY LEE DOWNEY, JR.,", "\n\n Defendant - Appellant.", "\n\n\n\nAppeal from the United States District Court for the Middle District of North Carolina, at\nGreensboro. ", "Loretta C. Biggs, District Judge. (", "1:16-cr-00098-LCB-1)\n\n\nSubmitted: July 6, 2017 Decided: July 11, 2017\n\n\nBefore TRAXLER, SHEDD, and DIAZ, Circuit Judges.", "\n\n\nAffirmed by unpublished per curiam opinion.", "\n\n\nLouis C. Allen, Federal Public Defender, John A. Duberstein, Assistant Federal Public\nDefender, Greensboro, North Carolina, for Appellant. ", "John Mcrae Alsup, Assistant\nUnited States Attorney, Greensboro, North Carolina, for Appellee.", "\n\n\nUnpublished opinions are not binding precedent in this circuit.", "\n\fPER CURIAM:\n\n Jimmy Lee Downey, Jr. pleaded guilty to possession of a firearm by a felon, in\n\nviolation of 18 U.S.C. § 922(g)(1) (2012). ", "The district court sentenced Downey above\n\nthe advisory Guidelines range to 51 months of imprisonment followed by 3 years of\n\nsupervised release, and he now appeals. ", "Appellate counsel has filed a brief pursuant to\n\nAnders v. California, 386 U.S. 738 (1967), questioning whether the sentence is\n\nreasonable. ", "Downey was advised of his right to file a pro se supplemental brief, but has\n\nnot done so. ", "Finding no error, we affirm.", "\n\n On appeal, counsel questions whether the district court properly allowed testimony\n\nregarding an incident underlying pending state court charges against Downey at the\n\nsentencing hearing. ", "We review a sentence for reasonableness, applying an abuse of\n\ndiscretion standard. ", "Gall v. United States, 552 U.S. 38, 41 (2007); see also United\n\nStates v. White, 810 F.3d 212, 229 (4th Cir.), ", "cert. ", "denied. ", "136 S. Ct. ", "1833 (2016). ", "In so\n\ndoing, we examine the sentence for “significant procedural error,” including “failing to\n\ncalculate (or improperly calculating) the Guidelines range, treating the Guidelines as\n\nmandatory, failing to consider the [18 U.S.C.] § 3553(a) [(2012)] factors, selecting a\n\nsentence based on clearly erroneous facts, or failing to adequately explain the chosen\n\nsentence.” ", "Gall, 552 U.S. at 51. ", "We then review the substantive reasonableness of the\n\nsentence. ", "United States v. Evans, 526 F.3d 155, 161 (4th Cir 2008). ", "If a district court\n\nimposes a sentence outside of the advisory Guidelines range, we do not impose a\n\npresumption of reasonableness, but give due deference to the district court’s decision that\n\n\n\n 2\n\fthe § 3553(a) factors justified the extent of the variance. ", "United States v. Pauley, 511\n\nF.3d 468, 473-74 (4th Cir. ", "2007).", "\n\n We have thoroughly reviewed the record and conclude that the sentence is both\n\nprocedurally and substantively reasonable. ", "The district court properly calculated the\n\nadvisory Guidelines range, responded to the parties’ sentencing arguments, thoroughly\n\nexplained the chosen sentence, and did not err in admitting any testimony at the\n\nsentencing hearing. ", "In addition, based on the factors identified by the district court, the\n\nabove-Guidelines sentence is also substantively reasonable.", "\n\n We have examined the entire record in accordance with the requirements of\n\nAnders and have found no meritorious issues for appeal. ", "Accordingly, we affirm the\n\njudgment of the district court. ", "This court requires that counsel inform Downey, in\n\nwriting, of the right to petition the Supreme Court of the United States for further review.", "\n\nIf Downey requests that a petition be filed, but counsel believes that such a petition\n\nwould be frivolous, then counsel may move in this court for leave to withdraw from\n\nrepresentation. ", "Counsel’s motion must state that a copy thereof was served on Downey.", "\n\nWe dispense with oral argument because the facts and legal contentions are adequately\n\npresented in the materials before this court and argument would not aid in the decisional\n\nprocess.", "\n\n AFFIRMED\n\n\n\n\n 3\n\f" ]

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[ "Slate is making its coronavirus coverage free for all readers. ", "Subscribe to support our journalism. ", "Start your free trial.", "\n\nRIO DE JANEIRO—Marielis Isabel Fonseca first became familiar with Brazil through soap operas: the ravishing seaside, the rich culture, the cordial, hardworking people. ", "Still, when she left her native Cuba in August 2016 to work as a doctor in Campinas in the state of São Paulo, she felt insecure. ", "Fonseca was assigned to a primary health care unit in a neighborhood plagued by crime. ", "Language was proving to be a barrier. ", "But Fonseca was also a psychiatrist and had a way with people. ", "She had spent five years since 2003 practicing in Venezuela, an experience she says improved her “both personally and professionally.”", "\n\nSoon, her Brazilian patients, whom she treated mainly for diabetes, high blood pressure, respiratory diseases, and substance abuse, were telling Fonseca, “Doc, you take care of us and we take care of you,” as they walked her to the bus stop nearby. ", "With some, Fonseca formed even stronger ties. ", "She currently lives with the widow of one of her patients, who passed away in his 70s from stomach cancer. “", "It’s a Cuban idiosyncrasy,” Fonseca says. “", "If you work in the community, you become family.”", "\n\nAs many as 20,000 Cuban doctors have moved to Brazil to work as part of the Mais Médicos (“More Doctors”) program, an initiative launched by Brazil’s then-governing Workers’ Party in 2013 to place primary care physicians in some of the country’s most underserved and poor regions, including indigenous villages. ", "The cooperation agreement between the Brazilian government, the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO), and the island ties in with a long-standing fixture of Cuba’s soft power. ", "With its a high number of doctors per capita and investment in a public health care sytem, Cuba “exports” medical workers through humanitarian missions like the one in Brazil. ", "Since the aftermath of the 1959 revolution, Cuba’s international medical outreach efforts have served as a strategy to counterbalance the isolation and embargo imposed by the United States, earning the island billions of dollars in revenue every year.", "\n\nThere are currently 28,159 Cuban doctors and nurses working in 59 countries. ", "Over the years, Cuban doctors have served 60 million Brazilians across 4,000 localities and 34 indigenous villages. ", "More than 700 of the country’s more-remote communities had a resident primary care physician for the first time as a result of the More Doctors program.", "\n\nBut in November 2018, Fonseca learned that she would have to stop practicing in the country that had welcomed her two years earlier. ", "And she wasn’t alone. ", "In the aftermath of President Jair Bolsonaro’s election, as many as 8,500 doctors suddenly became jobless when the Cuban government decided to end the 5-year-old agreement, citing as a reason the Brazilian far-right president’s “direct, contemptuous, and threatening comments.” ", "During his terms as a congressman and throughout his campaign, Bolsonaro promised to “expel” the doctors, questioning their credentials and saying they were in Brazil to form guerrilla groups. ", "Ecuador and Bolivia have also withdrawn from similar agreements under pressure from the U.S. government, which accuses the Cuban regime of exploiting medical workers by keeping 75 percent of their salaries.", "\n\nWhen the cooperation came to a halt, thousands of doctors were faced with a dire choice: to remain in the country that had become their home and risk being punished as deserters by the Cuban government, or go back to the island. ", "At the time, Cubans made up roughly half of the More Doctors program’s total workforce of 18,000 physicians. ", "About 2,000 stayed in Brazil but lost their authorization to practice medicine. ", "Fonseca, who held a temporary resident status, was among them. ", "In order to make a living, she tried working at nursing homes and drugstores, but people kept asking her what a doctor was doing behind a counter. ", "Fonseca took massage and holistic therapy lessons and eventually landed a temporary gig at a beauty clinic. ", "She has been unemployed for five months now, relying on the support of family and friends living abroad.", "\n\nAfter the Cuban doctors left, or were barred from practicing, the Brazilian government scrambled to replace them. ", "Although spots quickly filled up with the Brazilian doctors who have priority to enroll in the program, many left their posts soon after or failed to present. “", "Not every doctor is willing to go anywhere in the country,” says Socorro Pena da Gama, a public management and regional development professor and lawyer supporting the cause of a group of 83 Cuban doctors in the northern Brazilian state of Pará. “", "But [Cubans] have an ethical commitment.”", "\n\n\"The whole world is begging for more doctors and we’re here, being wasted.” — ", "Marielis Isabel Fonseca\n\nWhen Yulia Molina Hernandez joined the program in March 2014, she became the first doctor at a new primary health care unit in Cabaceiras, a 5,000-person town in the state of Paraíba. “", "The patients were curious to meet the foreign doctor,” she says. “", "They wanted to hear my accent.” ", "Hernandez tended to between 20 and 25 people a day. ", "But in 2017, she decided not to go back to Cuba to renew her contract. ", "Hernandez was pregnant and at risk for a preterm birth, so her doctor instructed her not to travel. ", "She has since been barred from going back to Cuba, where she has an 11-year-old daughter, for at least eight years.", "\n\nMargaret Garcia Torres, who was part of medical diplomacy missions in Pakistan during the 2005 earthquake and spent two years fighting malaria and cholera in Angola, now works as an administrative assistant at a Rio de Janeiro state hospital. “", "I spend the entire day in front of a computer producing documents,” Torres says. “", "But this is going to have to change because they’re going to need us.”", "\n\nIndeed, the shortfall created by the program’s cancellation has only become more dire over the last month. ", "Hundreds of Cuban doctors have recently joined the fight against COVID-19 in at least 14 other countries, including some of the worst-hit areas of Italy. ", "But in Brazil, Cuban physicians, many of whom have hands-on experience in preventive medicine and a track record of being at the forefront of response efforts to major disasters and epidemics—such as the outbreaks of Ebola in western Africa and cholera in Haiti—are being pushed to the sidelines.", "\n\n“The whole world is begging for more doctors and we’re here, being wasted,” Fonseca says. “", "We feel unappreciated.”", "\n\nSince the termination of the agreement that placed Cubans in the More Doctors program, these doctors haven’t been allowed to practice in Brazil unless they validate their diplomas through an equivalence test, which hasn’t been offered since 2017. ", "But in December 2019, some had their hopes of going back to work renewed when Bolsonaro signed a law establishing a new program to gradually replace the old one. ", "The legislation would allow Cuban doctors who met certain legal requirements to reintegrate with the program for two years.", "\n\nThen, in late March, hope turned into disappointment. ", "The government issued a public call for Cuban doctors to join the efforts against the coronavirus, but many were surprised to learn they were being left out. ", "Only those on a list published by the Ministry of Health were eligible to apply for reinstatement. ", "While 1,879 names were listed, as many as 1,200 qualifying candidates have been excluded, according to lawyer Humberto Jorge Leitão de Brito, who is representing Cuban doctors in legal actions. ", "More than 15 doctors I spoke with told me their names were not on the list, even though they fulfilled all the conditions set forth in the legislation.", "\n\n“The list includes doctors who have gone back to Cuba or moved to Uruguay, Mexico, and the United States, and even some who are deceased,” says Wilder Gonzales Diaz, whose name wasn’t on the list. ", "Since the end of his participation in the program, Diaz has been living in a small town in the northeastern state of Alagoas, where jobs are few and far between. ", "He has turned to cleaning houses and working in the fields.", "\n\nA federal judge recently sided with the Cuban doctors, but the Ministry of Health has yet to respond. ", "Email exchanges shared with me show that the Ministry of Health told doctors that the PAHO, a subsidiary of the World Health Organization, was responsible for the list, while the organization denied having any information about it and advised the doctors to contact the ministry. ", "When asked about the dispute for this article, a government spokesperson said it would offer an opportunity to all Cuban professionals who meet the conditions set out in the law. ", "The PAHO didn’t respond to a request for comment.", "\n\nThe government estimates that 90 percent of cases of COVID-19 in Brazil can be treated in the kind of primary health care units that are at the core of the More Doctors program. ", "In response to the increasing number of confirmed cases and deaths—23,944 and 1,361 respectively, as of Tuesday—the government has put out a call for 5,811 doctors to serve for one year in densely populated areas, where the spread of the virus has been most severe. ", "The recruitment process, however, favors Brazilians and professionals who had their diplomas validated, to the detriment of most Cubans.", "\n\nIt also ignores Brazilian doctors who received their degrees from foreign institutions. ", "Many of them were also active in the More Doctors program for years and are now facing the end of their contracts. ", "When asked if the Ministry of Health intended to call these physicians to fight the pandemic, a spokesperson said it would consider “all the possibilities of administrative measures for future deliberation according to the need and opportunity that the situation requires.” ", "So far, the government has focused its outreach on late-stage medical and physiotherapy and pharmacy students as well as other professional categories like veterinarians and nutritionists.", "\n\nIn the meantime, Cuban doctors are trying to help in whatever way they can. ", "They are talking to patients from the drugstore counter and advising people to stay at home via social media. ", "Fonseca says she wakes up at 6 in the morning and goes to bed at 1, answering people’s questions about the virus over the phone. ", "And like that, they hold onto the only thing no one can take from them. “", "The lab coat is just an attire,” she says. “", "We haven’t stopped being doctors.”" ]

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[ "In his famous poem, The Solution, Bertolt Brecht joked that \"the people had forfeited the confidence of the government\" and it would be easier \"for the government to dissolve the people and elect another\".", "\n\nThis has given me food for thought. ", "I am in the USA for few days and following what is going on here.", "\n\nNot much has changed. ", "The USA still has the best universities in the world but terrible schools. ", "Many children graduate illiterate. ", "There is a huge increase in addiction to pharmaceuticals. ", "More hyperactivity. ", "No free media (I do not consider propaganda-filled media to be free). ", "Huge division along racial and ethnic lines. ", "En bref, a country in crisis.", "\n\nTwo years down the line of the current administration and the Democrats and their mainstream media friends are still obsessing about Russia’s alleged role in the last presidential election. ", "The recent reports by the Senate Intelligence Committee claim that Russia allegedly targeted African American voters and “exploited racial tensions and feelings of alienation”. ", "They still naively believe that American voters were brainwashed by a foreign power to elect the president.", "\n\nAnd, they make it sound as if the current political camps are divided along a line of good and bad folk. ", "On one side is the camp of “civility” and values. ", "On the other side, that of frustration and hatred.", "\n\nThis is so superficial.", "\n\nI find it absurd and pathetic. ", "Because they still do not get it: this country is where it is because of the system the Democrats and the media have helped to build. ", "Instead of dissolving the system they would rather dissolve the people.", "\n\nThis is especially clear in the South; the Belly of the beast.", "\n\nI would love to tour the South. ", "I am curious about this part of the US that allegedly loves guns and Trump. ", "The liberals see these people as a basket of deplorables. ", "They accuse them of all kind of things: of being backwards; of having a \"stay still, do not stand out, don't cause trouble and be in by 10pm\" attitude.", "\n\nI look around and in so many countries I see one common denominator. ", "A revolt of the periphery. ", "From the election of Trump as president, to Brexit, Catalonia, the Yellow Vests... and I wonder if it is because capitalism at the periphery is always more drastic, more cruel.", "\n\nPeople in so many places do not feel represented by the or their politicians. ", "They know that it doesn't really matter who they actually vote for because nothing much will change in their lives. ", "Because the real power does not sit in the ballot box. ", "It sits elsewhere. ", "The power is in the global hands of big business and financial capital.", "\n\nAnd into this post-democracy world, enter the so called \"populists\". ", "Or – as some call it - the \"strong man politics\".", "\n\nWhy are they so successful?", "\n\nIt is because they have managed to raise awareness of the unprivileged? ", "To shine a light on the story of those underdogs who have lived through conditions created by predatory capitalism? ", "The story of people who have awful jobs in production lines and factories and supermarkets. ", "People who believe that hard work will eventually make their lives and the lives of their children better.", "\n\nStrong man politicians do not offer them alternatives. ", "They merely respond to their feelings of exclusion. ", "They give the people back their pride, or so it is portrayed, but in fact all they do is they give them back their illusion of pride. ", "They offer them emotion.", "\n\nIt makes sense to me why the periphery vote the way they do. ", "The status quo has made it impossible for them to dream of a different future, a better future, so they are forced to idealize the past.", "\n\nIt also makes sense to me why they do not respond to calls for solidarity. ", "Solidarity cannot be ordered. ", "The impoverished middle and working classes, who cannot afford much, feel forced to defend what little they have left and so they become radicalised through fear; the fear of loss. ", "And then the rich and the privileged and the state (and the banks too) are already so powerful and wealthy that they direct their anger towards the weaker groups of society. ", "Towards refugees and minorities.", "\n\nSo it makes sense but it is also worrying.", "\n\nWorrying because these days, the people in the USA (and elsewhere) do not have a huge amount of choice. ", "They have to choose between the neoliberals, aka deluded folk who offer a repetition of the same decade-long economic mess or the strong men. ", "However the problem is not the populist or the strong man politician (which merge in some cases). ", "The problem is the economy and the economic inequality. ", "The problem is Neoliberalism.", "\n\nI want to help people to become revolutionaries in training.", "\n\nI read a recent interview with Adam Curtis in The Economist (The antidote to civilisational collapse). ", "Curtis is a British documentary maker, who talks about a sense of doom and how nothing ever changes. ", "I agree with everything he says.", "\n\nWe must stop believing that the current system is set in the stone with an inability to change. ", "We must stop believing that what we have is the best possible system out there. ", "We must stop claiming that the other side is bad or confused or brainwashed by fake news. ", "Instead we must do more than just wave the flag of tolerance and civility. ", "We must work towards offering a stronger political story.", "\n\nWe must fight against those who not only hold but hang on to power and wealth with relentless tenacity.", "\n\nWe must stand against neoliberalism and its global and regional institutions. ", "We must offer an alternative democratic and socially-just society, one devoid of social democratic compromises (especially those with big business).", "\n\nI have set up a new foundation to support activists and other revolutionaries, it is called Tenure. ", "We are planning radically great things.", "\n\nBut more should be done. ", "There are those in academia who are offering an alternative for economy, there is a new manifesto of French economists. ", "Very interesting.", "\n\nThe future will be either revolutionary or reactionary.", "\n\nI also want to gather other artists and creative people, smart people, to think big. ", "Think ambitious. ", "Let’s do our manifesto for the revolutionary future and ponder how to put it into practice. ", "I want to gather people who are able to accurately describe society. ", "And then, we can CHANGE the society. ", "I have so many ideas.", "\n\nIt depends on us. ", "There are enough resources to build better alternatives.", "\n\nI want to build the revolutionary future. ", "And dissolve the SYSTEM, not the people.", "\n\nAre you with me?", "\n\nLove\n\nPamela" ]

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[ "Q:\n\nadapter pattern : support underlying data that can be const or non-const, elegantly\n\nHow to make an adapter class to support both const and non-const underlying data appropriately?", "\nConcrete Example\nRigidBody is a class describing physic property of object.", "\nHere is its very simplified version (1D):-\nclass RigidBody{\n float position=1;\n public: float getPosition()const{ return position;}\n public: void setPosition(float ppos){ position=ppos;}\n};\n\nAdapter encapsulates RigidBody.", "\nIt provides a-little-distorted functionality to get/set position:-\nclass Adapter{\n public: RigidBody* rigid; int offset=2;\n public: float getPosition(){\n return rigid->getPosition()+offset; //distort\n }\n public: void setPosition(float ppos){\n return rigid->setPosition(ppos-offset); //distort\n }\n};\n\nI can set position of RigidBody indirectly by using Adapter :-\nint main() {\n RigidBody rigid;\n Adapter adapter; //Edit: In real life, this type is a parameter of many function\n adapter.rigid=&rigid;\n adapter.setPosition(5);\n std::cout<<adapter.getPosition();//print 5\n return 0;\n}\n\nEverything works (demo). ", "\nObjective\nI want create a new function that receives constRigidBody* rigid.", "\nI should be able to read from it (e.g. getPosition()) by using adapter. ", " \nHowever, I don't really know how to do it elegantly. ", " \nvoid test(const RigidBody* rigid){\n Adapter adapter2; \n //adapter2.rigid=rigid; //not work, how to make it work?", "\n //adapter2.setPosition(5); //should not work\n //adapter2.getPosition(); //should work \n}\n\nMy poor solutions\nSolution A1 (2 adapters + 1 widget)\nCreate a widget :-\nclass AdapterWidget{\n public: static Adapter createAdapter(RigidBody* a);\n public: static AdapterConst createAdapter(const RigidBody* a);\n};\n\nAdapterConst can only getPosition(), while AdapterConst can both get and set. ", "\nI can use it like :-\nvoid test(const RigidBody* rigid){\n auto adapter=AdapterWidget::createAdapter(rigid);\n\nIt is easy to use.", "\nDisadvantage: Code of AdapterConst and Adapter will be very duplicated.", "\nSolution A2 (+inheritance)\nIt is an improvement of the previous solution.", "\nLet Adapter (has setPosition()) derive from AdapterConst (has getPosition()).", "\nDisadvantage: It is not concise. ", " I use 2 classes for the single task!", "\nThis might seem to be trivial, but in a bigger code-base, it is not fun at all. ", " \nSpecifically, location of getPosition() will be far-away from setPosition(), e.g in different files.", "\nThis causes maintainability problem. ", " \nSolution B (template)\nCreate a template class. ", " There are many ways e.g. :- \n\nAdapter<T =RigidBody OR const RigidBody >\nAdapter<bool=true is const OR false is non-const >\n\nDisadvantage: In every ways, it is inelegant. ", " It is an overkill. (?)", "\nI will suffer from disadvantage of template e.g. everything in header. ", "\nSolution C1 (const_cast)\nI am trying to avoid it. ", " It is evil.", "\nclass Adapter{\n public: RigidBody* rigid; \n void setUnderlying(const RigidBody* r){\n rigid=const_cast< RigidBody*>(r);\n }\n ....\n};\n\nSolution C2 (+manual assert)\nI can add some assertion manually.", "\nIt just emphasizes how much it is unprofessional :- \n bool isConst;\n void setUnderlying(const RigidBody* r){\n ...\n isConst=true;\n }\n void setUnderlying(RigidBody* r){\n ...\n isConst=false;\n }\n void setPosition(float a){\n if(isConst){ /*throw some exception*/ }\n ....\n }\n\nSolution D (run away)\n\nLazy : change from test(constRigidBody* rigid) to test(RigidBody* rigid). ", " \nCrazy : change RigidBody::setPosition() to be const. ", " \n\nIn either way, my program will not be const-correct any more,\nbut a single Adapter class would be enough.", "\nQuestion\nDo I really have to do one of these things wherever I encounter the const/non-const pattern?", "\nPlease provide a pretty solution. (", "no full code is required, but I don't mind)\nSorry for the long post.", "\nEdit: In real life, Adapter is a parameter for many function.", "\nIt is passed around like a toy. ", " \nMost of such functions don't have knowledge about RigidBody, so it is not quite suitable to change from a bundle calling someFunction(adapter) to someFunction(offset,rigidbody).", "\n\nA:\n\nYou shouldn't keep with that idea. ", "This is C++, not Java.", "\nYour code is extremely Java oriented. ", "I can see it by the way you write the code, use pointers and silently omit const when needed.", "\nIn fact, most of the bad C++ code that I personally saw is pretty much either written to be \"C inside classes\" or \"Java without GC\". ", "Both of them are extremely bad ways of writing C++ code.", "\nYour question has an idiomatic solution:\n\nDitch most of the design patterns. ", "they are useful for languages where object are reference types by default. ", "C++ prefers most of the times to tread object as value types and prefer static polymorphism (templates) rather than run-time polymorphism (inherit + override).", "\nWrite two classes , one is Adapter and one is ConstAdapter. ", "This is what the standard library already does. ", "every container has different iterator and const_iterator implementation exactly because of that reason. ", "you can either store something by pointer, either by const pointer. ", "It is error prone trying to mix the two. ", "If there were a nice solution for that problem, we wouldn't have two iterator typedefs for each container.", "\n\n" ]

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[ "Microsoft has formed a joint venture with Shanghai media giant BesTV to launch a new games device offering streaming entertainment services into China.", "\n\nThe companies posted a note on the Shanghai Stock Exchange today outlining the new operation, which will launch with an initial investment of $237 million. ", "Unconfirmed reports in the Chinese media stated that the new operation would launch a console based on Xbox technology called Bestpad.", "\n\nBesTV manufactures and sells electronic products including smart TVs as well as offering entertainment services. ", "It holds Chinese TV rights for major properties like the English Premier League.", "\n\nGames console manufacturers have been seeking a way into the Chinese market since the government there lifted a long-standing ban on the import and sale of consoles. ", "The new joint-venture will launch in the newly established free trade zone in Shanghai.", "\n\n\"This is the first step of many to come for Microsoft and BesTV,\" a spokesperson for Microsoft told Polygon. \"", "We look forward to exploring new opportunities for bringing entertainment offerings to China, but we have no further details to share.\"" ]

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[ "Introduction {#Sec1}\n============\n\nMuscle fatigue induces progressive changes in muscle and brain. ", "During fatiguing exercise, muscle fibers contract repeatedly, depleting energy supplies, and eventually resulting in muscle fatigue. ", "Muscle fatigue is defined as \"an exercise-induced loss of the power- and force-generating ability of muscle during or after exercise\" \\[[@CR4], [@CR18]\\].", "\n\nSeveral studies have examined the factors responsible for muscle fatigue that determine the limits of exercise capacity. ", "Numerous investigators have focused on the peripheral factors of muscle fatigue \\[[@CR14], [@CR16]\\]. ", "However, the influence of central fatigue on exercise capacity has received little attention. ", "Recently, the development of NIRS has made it possible to determine cerebral cortex activity during exercise \\[[@CR5], [@CR15], [@CR22]\\]. ", "Several of these NIRS studies have reported that cerebral cortex activity decreases at the point of voluntary exhaustion during fatiguing exercises \\[[@CR3], [@CR25], [@CR26]\\].", "\n\nThese studies examined the changes in cerebral oxygenation during submaximal contraction \\[[@CR21], [@CR22]\\]. ", "While muscle fatigue induces progressive changes in muscle and brain, it is unknown in submaximal contraction when muscle fatigue develops. ", "Nor have previous studies compared cerebral cortex oxygenation and muscle activity (electromyography (EMG) activity) \\[[@CR20], [@CR21]\\]. ", "To fully understand muscle fatigue, it is necessary to investigate cerebral cortex activity during voluntary maximal contraction, as well as the relationship between muscle activity and cerebral cortex activity.", "\n\nNIRS has recently attracted the interest of researchers using brain-machine interfaces (BMIs) \\[[@CR7]\\]. ", "Unlike electroencephalography (EEG), NIRS is not corrupted by electromagnetic noise. ", "Also, it is portable, unlike functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). ", "These recent studies have revealed the influence of skin blood flow on NIRS signals in humans \\[[@CR11], [@CR12]\\]. ", "It is very important to understand the effect of fatiguing skeletal muscle exercise on the brain---in particular on the ipsi- and contralateral frontal cortex---in order to apply NIRS data to BMIs. ", "If it was possible to observe the difference between the ipsilateral and contralateral frontal cortex oxygenation, or even if there were synchronization between NIRS oxygenation and skin blood flow, it would be possible to know the activation pattern of the ipsi- and contralateral frontal cortex.", "\n\nIn this study, we investigated NIRS signals on the ipsi- and contralateral frontal cortex during repetitive voluntary maximal exercise. ", "Our hypothesis was that the oxygenation of the ipsilateral frontal cortex might be delayed compared with that of the contralateral cortex for complementary function of the two. ", "This would be consistent with previous research focused on the primary motor cortex oxygenation during submaximal exhaustive exercise \\[[@CR22]\\].", "\n\nMethods {#Sec2}\n=======\n\nSubjects {#Sec3}\n--------\n\nEight right-handed males participated in the study. ", "Their mean (±SE) age, height, and weight were 23 years (± 0.7), 173 cm (±1.1), and 70 kg (±2.8), respectively. ", "Subjects were asked to lie in a supine position on a mat and perform a maximal handgrip task (3-s contractions/3-s rest, 50 cycles).", "\n\nSubjects adjusted the handgrip force of the instrument before beginning the study. ", "Handgrip force was measured with a system consisting of a handgrip device. ", "The sampling rate for force data was 33 Hz. ", "Subjects exerted handgrip contractions as they listened to a digital sound generated by the sound-stimuli software. ", "When the digital sound was beeping (3 s), the subjects were asked to exert maximum force and maintain it until the sound stopped. ", "When there was no digital sound (3 s), subjects were asked to relax and not exert any force. ", "Subjects repeated this process 50 times.", "\n\nNear-infrared spectroscopy {#Sec4}\n--------------------------\n\nBlood oxygenation level-dependent evaluations of cerebral blood flow (CBF) are important to imaging studies of brain function \\[[@CR27]\\], whereas the blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) control of brain oxygen diffusion is the basis for an emerging understanding of the neuroenergetics of brain function \\[[@CR8]\\]. ", "Capillary oxygenation can be monitored noninvasively by NIRS in real time during situations ranging from surgery \\[[@CR28]\\] to strenuous whole body exercise \\[[@CR17]\\]. ", "We used a three-wavelength (775, 810, and 850 nm) NIRS (NIRO-200; Hamamatsu Photonics, Japan) to measure ipsi- and contralateral frontal cortex oxygenation. ", "The NIRO-200 makes it possible to quantify tissue oxygenation. ", "However, this measurement requires optically homogenous tissue so that the signal-to-noise ratio can be reduced, and this is unlikely to be strictly the case over cerebral tissue \\[[@CR10]\\]. ", "As the accuracy of this parameter is under discussion, at least concerning cerebral tissue, we used cerebral \\[Hb~diff~\\] values to evaluate cerebral activity in this study.", "\n\nThe optical probe was comprised of one emitter and one detector (with a total of three separate sensors), guided onto subjects' heads through glass fiber bundles. ", "The probes were positioned over the bilateral frontal cortex areas (AF3 and AF4) according to the modified international EEG 10--20 system. ", "The distance between the transmitting and receiving probes was 4.0 cm. ", "The probes positioned around the ipsi- and contralateral frontal area were checked by a right-hand grip task to induce functional oxygenation. ", "If no oxygenation changes were detected in response to the handgrip task, the probes were moved by several millimeter until a consistent oxygenation response was achieved by trial and error.", "\n\nThe probes were fixed to the ipsi- and contralateral frontal cortex areas with a light sealing tape and a strap. ", "The NIRS data were collected with a sample frequency of 2 Hz. ", "Relative concentration changes were measured from resting baseline of oxyhemoglobin (\\[HbO~2~\\]), deoxyhemoglobin (\\[Hb\\]), and hemoglobin difference (\\[Hb~diff~\\] = \\[HbO~2~\\] − \\[Hb\\]). ", "\\[Hb\\] is known to be a reliable estimator of changes in tissue oxygenation status, while \\[HbO~2~\\] seems to be the most sensitive indicator of regional cerebral blood flow modifications \\[[@CR13]\\]. ", "\\[Hb~diff~\\] is known to be a good indicator of oxygenation \\[[@CR29], [@CR31]\\] due to its high correlation with cerebral blood flow \\[[@CR30]\\]. ", "To avoid inclusion of the effects of the preparation and/or attention to the exercise on the oxygenation changes in the analyses, we determined the baseline values of \\[HbO~2~\\], \\[Hb\\], and \\[Hb~diff~\\] as the mean value over 30 s before the onset of the contraction phase. ", "Since the baseline was stable, the \\[HbO~2~\\], \\[Hb\\], and \\[Hb~diff~\\] baselines were expressed as zero, and \\[HbO~2~\\], \\[Hb\\], and \\[Hb~diff~\\] parameters are presented as the magnitude of change from the respective baseline. ", "The values of \\[HbO~2~\\], \\[Hb\\], and \\[Hb~diff~\\] during exercise were calculated as an average of six data points (3 s) during each contraction.", "\n\nEMG activity {#Sec5}\n------------\n\nSurface EMGs from the muscle bellies of the right finger flexor muscles were recorded by means of bipolar Ag/AgCl electrodes with an inter-electrode distance of 20 mm. ", "Low impedance between the two bipolar electrodes (\\<5 kΩ) was obtained by shaving, abrading and washing the skin with emery paper, and then cleaning it with 90 % alcohol. ", "The reference electrode was placed on the elbow of the same arm. ", "In order to minimize movement artifacts, electrodes and cables were strapped onto subjects using an elastic muff net. ", "EMG activity was recorded continuously from warm-up to the end of exercise via a dedicated acquisition system. ", "The EMG signals were amplified (×1000), band-pass filtered (30--500 Hz), and sampled at 1000 Hz. ", "They were then integrated (iEMG) for the subsequent analyses. ", "The peak iEMG for handgrip was determined from an interval between the start of the contraction and a point 0.5 s beyond the peak level of the force curve. ", "The values of iEMG during exercise were calculated as an average of 3 s during each contraction.", "\n\nStatistical analyses {#Sec6}\n--------------------\n\nThe average values were expressed as mean (SE). ", "The criterion for significance was *p* \\< 0.05. ", "In order to determine the significance of \\[HbO~2~\\], \\[Hb\\], \\[Hb~diff~\\], iEMG, and force changes, one-way repeated measure analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post-hoc Dunnet test were performed. ", "To assess the difference in oxygenation kinetics between hemispheres, it was compared with the timing of the peak value in \\[Hb~diff~\\], and then, Student's paired *t* test was performed.", "\n\nResults {#Sec7}\n=======\n\nContralateral frontal cortex oxygenation changes during maximal handgrip task {#Sec8}\n-----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nAll subjects completed the designated maximal handgrip task. ", "The changes in \\[HbO~2~\\], \\[Hb\\] and \\[Hb~diff~\\] in the contralateral frontal cortex during the motor task are shown in Fig.", " [1](#Fig1){ref-type=\"fig\"}, respectively. ", "The contralateral frontal \\[HbO~2~\\] levels changed significantly during the motor task (*F* (10, 70) = 2.844, *p* \\< 0.01) (Fig.", " [1a](#Fig1){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ", "Compared with the baseline value, the contralateral frontal \\[HbO~2~\\] levels markedly increased from trial 10--30 trials (*p* \\< 0.05); they then gradually decreased from trial 35 on. ", "The contralateral frontal \\[Hb\\] levels also changed significantly during the motor task (*F* (10, 70) = 2.068, *p* \\< 0.05) (Fig.", " [1b](#Fig1){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ", "Compared with the baseline value, the contralateral frontal \\[Hb\\] levels were decreased at 30 trials and 40 trials (*p* \\< 0.05). ", "The contralateral frontal \\[Hb\\] gradually increased after 40 trials. ", "Meanwhile, the contralateral frontal \\[Hb~diff~\\] levels significantly increased during the motor task (*F* (10, 70) = 3.347, *p* \\< 0.005) (Fig.", " [1c](#Fig1){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ", "The contralateral frontal \\[Hb~diff~\\] significantly increased from trial 10--40; it then gradually decreased after 45 trials.", "Fig. ", "1The (**a**) \\[HbO~2~\\], (**b**) \\[Hb\\], and (**c**) \\[Hb~diff~\\] changes in the contralateral frontal cortex during handgrip task. ", "Values are mean ± SE. ", "Asterisks indicate significant differences compared to the baseline values, *p* \\< 0.05\n\nIpsilateral frontal cortex oxygenation changes during maximal handgrip task {#Sec9}\n---------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nThe changes in \\[HbO~2~\\], \\[Hb\\] and \\[Hb~diff~\\] in the ipsilateral frontal cortex during the motor task are shown in Fig.", " [2](#Fig2){ref-type=\"fig\"}, respectively. ", "The \\[HbO~2~\\] levels in the ipsilateral frontal cortex changed significantly during the motor task (*F* (10, 70) = 3.934, *p* \\< 0.001) (Fig.", " [2a](#Fig2){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ", "Compared with the baseline value, the ipsilateral frontal \\[HbO~2~\\] levels markedly increased from trials 5--50 (*p* \\< 0.05). ", "Meanwhile, the ipsilateral frontal \\[Hb\\] levels did not change significantly during the motor task (*F* (10, 70) = 0.180, *p* \\> 0.05) (Fig.", " [2b](#Fig2){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ", "The ipsilateral frontal \\[Hb~diff~\\] levels significantly increased during the motor task (*F* (10, 70) = 5.584, *p* \\< 0.001) (Fig.", " [2c](#Fig2){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ", "Ipsilateral frontal \\[Hb~diff~\\] significantly increased from trial 15--50.Fig. ", "2The (**a**) \\[HbO~2~\\], (**b**) \\[Hb\\], and (**c**) \\[Hb~diff~\\] changes in the ipsi-lateral frontal cortex during handgrip task. ", "Values are mean ± SE. ", "Asterisks indicate significant differences compared to the baseline values, *p* \\< 0.05\n\n### The kinetic analysis in bilateral M1 oxygenation {#Sec10}\n\nTo assess the difference of oxygenation kinetics between the ipsi- and contralateral cortex, it was compared with the timing of the peak values in \\[Hb~diff~\\] after the start of exercise. ", "The average time of timing of the peak value in \\[Hb~diff~\\] of the contralateral cortex was 18.12 (2.4) s after the start of exercise. ", "On the other hand, the average time of timing of the peak value in \\[Hb~diff~\\] of the contralateral cortex was 33.75 (5.5) s after the start of exercise. ", "The oxygenation kinetics during exercise were significantly faster in the contralateral cortex than the ipsilateral cortex (*t* = −2.5384, *p* \\< 0.05).", "\n\nForce output and iEMG changes during exercise {#Sec11}\n---------------------------------------------\n\nThe corresponding force output kinetics during the motor task are shown in Fig.", " [3](#Fig3){ref-type=\"fig\"}. ", "The force levels changed significantly during the motor task (*F* (10, 70) = 31.326, *p* \\< 0.001). ", "Compared with the values at the first 5 trials, the force levels significantly decreased after 10 trials (*p* \\< 0.001). ", "The iEMG kinetics during the motor task is shown in Fig.", " [4](#Fig4){ref-type=\"fig\"}. ", "The iEMG levels changed significantly during the motor task (*F* (10, 70) = 51.793, *p* \\< 0.001). ", "Compared with the value during the first 5 trials, iEMG levels significantly decreased after 10 trials (*p* \\< 0.001).Fig. ", "3Force changes during handgrip task. ", "Values are mean ± SE. ", "Asterisks indicate significant differences compared to the baseline values, *p* \\< 0.05Fig. ", "4iEMG changes during handgrip task. ", "Values are mean ± SE. ", "Asterisks indicate significant differences compared to the baseline values, *p* \\< 0.05\n\nDiscussion {#Sec12}\n==========\n\nChanges in cerebral oxygenation reflect cerebral functional activation \\[[@CR5], [@CR15], [@CR19]\\]. ", "In the present study, we examined the interaction of ipsi- and contralateral frontal cortex activity and the force of MVC contraction during a repetitive maximal handgrip task using NIRS. ", "The main results were as follows: (1) that contralateral frontal cortex activity does not follow the changes in the force of MVCs throughout a repetitive MVC handgrip task, (2) that the activity of the ipsilateral frontal cortex increases throughout the task, (3) that the activity of the ipsilateral frontal cortex also does not follow the changes of the force of MVCs, and (4) that the activity in the contralateral frontal cortex increased after the start of the exercise and then gradually decreased to the level of the resting values.", "\n\nWe found a strong relationship between the changes in the force and the iEMG during a repetitive MVC handgrip task. ", "The motor command would be sent from the supraspinal region during the motor task. ", "We found different kinetics in the contralateral and ipsilateral frontal cortex during the motor task. ", "The activity of the contralateral frontal cortex increased and then decreased during the motor task, while that of the ipsilateral frontal cortex increased throughout the motor task.", "\n\nOne previous study suggested a connection between the ipsilateral and contralateral cortex during the handgrip task \\[[@CR2]\\]. ", "Shibuya and Kuboyama \\[[@CR22]\\] also reported the possibility of connection between the ipsilateral and contralateral cortex during a submaximal fatiguing exercise. ", "In another study, Shibuya et al. ", "\\[[@CR24]\\] suggested the ipsilateral cerebral cortex provided complementary activity to the insufficient activity of the contralateral cerebral cortex. ", "The results of the present study would also suggest insufficient activity in the contralateral frontal cortex to the changes in the force output. ", "To be complementary, the activity in the ipsilateral frontal cortex would keep increasing throughout the motor task. ", "The results also suggested that the connection between the bilateral cerebral cortex would occur during exercise, not before it began \\[[@CR24]\\]. ", "In addition, previous studies \\[[@CR1], [@CR23]\\] reported that the supraspinal fatiguing proposed by Gandevia \\[[@CR9]\\] would appear in the subcortical region in normal subjects. ", "However, in the normal subjects of the current study, the activity in the contralateral cerebral cortex did not cause an increase of the force output during the motor task. ", "Durduran et al. ", "\\[[@CR6]\\] reported the artifacts on NIRS signals induced by changes to head inclination. ", "To avoid the artifacts induced by the changes to head inclination, we evaluated the oxygenation by \\[Hb~diff~\\]. ", "\\[Hb~diff~\\] is known to be a good indicator of oxygenation \\[[@CR29], [@CR31]\\] due to its high correlation with cerebral blood flow \\[[@CR30]\\].", "\n\nIn conclusion, the results of the present study show different oxygenation kinetics between the ipsilateral and contralateral frontal cortex during the course of a motor task. ", "The increasing oxygenation in the ipsilateral frontal cortex suggests a complementary interaction between both hemispheres during such a task.", "\n\nIn conclusion, it was found a significant \\[HbO~2~\\] increase, accompanied by a smaller and delayed \\[Hb\\] decrease, in both hemispheres. ", "Then, it was indicated higher delayed oxygenation in ipsilateral oxygenation compared to contralateral oxygenation. ", "These results provide further evidence of the complemental interaction between the ipsilateral and contralateral cortex during the fatiguing maximal exercise.", "\n\n**Competing interests**\n\nThe authors declare that they have no competing interests.", "\n\n**Authors' contributions**\n\nBoth authors read and approved the final manuscript.", "\n\nThis work was partly supported by a Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists (B, No. ", "24500773) from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (NK).", " Conceived and designed the experiments: NK. ", "Performed the experiments: NK and KS. ", "Contributed reagent/ materials/analysis tools: NK and KS. ", "Wrote the paper: NK and KS.", "\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Central" }

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[ "\n151 Cal.", "App.3d 1197 (1984)\n199 Cal. ", "Rptr. ", "338\nIVAN C. TIHOLIZ, Plaintiff and Appellant,\nv.\nNORTHRIDGE HOSPITAL FOUNDATION, Defendant and Respondent.", "\nDocket No. ", "69296.", "\nCourt of Appeals of California, Second District, Division One.", "\nJanuary 25, 1984.", "\n*1199 COUNSEL\nJohn C. Tiholiz for Plaintiff and Appellant.", "\nMcDermott & Trayner and Thomas B. Curtis for Defendant and Respondent.", "\nOPINION\nHANSON (Thaxton), J.\nAppeal taken from the denial of a writ of administrative mandate (Code Civ. ", "Proc., § ", "1094.5). ", "Petitioner Ivan C. Tiholiz, *1200 M.D., sought the writ to compel respondent Northridge Hospital Foundation to set aside the suspension imposed on petitioner's practice of medicine and surgery at the hospital for 120 days, commencing February 23, 1976, and ending June 19, 1976. ", "We affirm the judgment rendered below.", "\n\nFACTS\nThere appears to be no dispute about the events which occasioned respondent to invoke the disciplinary procedures set forth in its \"Medical Staff Bylaws\" (hereinafter Bylaws). ", "On October 11, 1975, a young patient named Barham was admitted to respondent hospital's emergency room for treatment of head and knee injuries sustained in an automobile accident. ", "Barham was first seen by emergency room personnel at 3 a.m., and was subsequently placed on respondent's pediatrics ward after the personnel had consulted with Barham's physician, petitioner Tiholiz. ", "During the patient's two-day stay at the hospital, petitioner did not see him, although he approved his discharge by telephone.", "\nPetitioner's failure to examine and care for his patient personally was regarded by respondent as a violation of respondent's Bylaws, specifically article III, section 3(d), which refers to the obligation of medical staff members, of which petitioner was one, \"to provide continuous care and supervision of his patients....\"\nOn October 17, 1975, Alan Moltzman, M.D., chairman of the pediatrics department, asked petitioner by letter of that date to explain his handling of the Barham incident to the department, in writing, within 10 days. ", "On October 24, 1975, petitioner responded to Holtzman's request in writing, stating that he never saw Barham in the hospital; however, petitioner claimed he had not admitted him.", "\nOn December 8, 1975, Maurice Fields, M.D., president of medical staff, wrote to petitioner, inviting him to appear before the medical staff executive committee to discuss the Barham matter. ", "This action was taken pursuant to article VII, section 1 (e) of the Bylaws. ", "That section specifically declares that the meeting with the executive committee is not a hearing, but is an informal prehearing procedure. ", "However, the section also provides that if corrective action is contemplated against a staff member — action involving reduction of staff privileges, suspension or expulsion from staff membership — \"the affected practitioner shall be permitted to make an appearance before the executive committee prior to its taking action ...\" Petitioner did not appear at either the December 1975 or January 1976 meetings of the executive committee, although the Fields letter had given him that choice. ", "At the January 19, 1976 meeting, the executive committee recommended *1201 suspension of petitioner's membership and clinical privileges for 120 days, commencing February 23, 1976. ", "This was communicated to petitioner.", "\nPetitioner then requested a hearing before the judicial review committee (JRC), provided for in the Bylaws as the next administrative level for handling disputes such as this, and described in considerable detail in article VIII of the Bylaws. ", "The hearing was scheduled for April 12, 1976.", "\nPetitioner appeared at the hearing. ", "The Bylaws did not permit representation by counsel at such hearings. ", "He explained the Barham situation as follows: \"The fact that the patient was not seen is inexcusable, however, when I try to restructure [the situation] in my own mind, I can't understand how this got to this point, because if I was going to admit I would have transferred the patient to Valley. ", "I erred because during the night with all these phone calls, and calls from the reverend who wanted to know the status of things [the patient's father], I may have been a little groggy with sleep, but I don't think so. ", "In spite of my feeling of inadequacy, there is a lack of communication between people and airing the extent of the problem.\"", "\nPetitioner said there was \"a marked failing and a failure in my particular handling of the case.\" ", "He also declared that he had been \"remiss\" in failing to take the matter of attendance at the executive committee meetings seriously enough.", "\nThe JRC approved the executive committee recommendation of suspension, and further provided that there should be continuing review of petitioner's admissions to the hospital. ", "There was no certified shorthand reporter present at this hearing, but notes on what transpired there were taken in shorthand by secretary Mary Harryman, and were transcribed by her.", "\nOn August 10, 1976, petitioner requested an \"Appellate Review\" hearing of his suspension before respondent's board of trustees, as provided in section 4 of article VIII of the Bylaws. ", "The trustees were respondent's governing body; petitioner submitted a written statement to the trustees, who reviewed the judicial review committee's decision and affirmed it. ", "Petitioner was apprised of this action on August 16, 1976.", "\nPetitioner's petition for mandate was filed October 25, 1977, in the superior court. ", "It was served in timely fashion. ", "There the matter rested until 1982 when, after noticed motion, the trial court conducted its hearing on December 6, 1982. ", "Judgment was entered for respondent on January 25, 1983, and this appeal followed.", "\n\n\n*1202 PETITIONER'S CONTENTIONS\nPetitioner does not claim that the basic facts concerning the Barham incident did not occur as reported here, nor that the penalty imposed upon him was too severe. ", "He presents technical arguments in this long-delayed effort to overturn the 1976 administrative action of respondent hospital.", "\n1. ", "Petitioner claims he was not afforded a fair hearing.", "\n2. ", "Petitioner claims respondent hospital did not follow its own Bylaws procedures in disciplining him, and that such failure was a per se violation of petitioner's right to fair procedure.", "\n3. ", "It is claimed that the trial court erred in allowing additional evidence to be offered by respondent at the hearing on the writ in the superior court.", "\n4. ", "Petitioner claims there was insufficient evidence in the administrative record to support respondent's action against him.", "\n5. ", "Petitioner contends that failure to afford him a presuspension hearing was a violation of fair procedure which could not be cured by subsequent administrative action.", "\n\nDISCUSSION\n\nI.\nThe concept that, under California law, a private group or institution affected with a public interest may not deprive an individual of fundamental interests without affording the individual fair procedure rights was set forth with clarity in Pinsker v. Pacific Coast Society of Orthodontists (1974) 12 Cal.3d 541 [116 Cal. ", "Rptr. ", "245, 526 P.2d 253]. (", "1) A physician's access to a hospital, whether public or private, is such a fundamental interest. (", "Anton v. San Antonio Community Hosp. (", "1977) 19 Cal.3d 802 [140 Cal. ", "Rptr. ", "442, 567 P.2d 1162] and Ezekial v. Winkley (1977) 20 Cal.3d 267 [142 Cal. ", "Rptr. ", "418, 572 P.2d 32].)", "\nIt is now well established that (1) a physician may not be deprived of hospital access without the employment of fair procedure; (2) that \"fair procedure,\" like the constitutional concept of due process, does not lend itself to any fixed format, but must be assessed on a case-by-case basis; (3) fair procedure does require, however, at a minimum, adequate notice of the administrative action proposed or taken by the group or institution, and a reasonable opportunity to be heard. (", "Pinsker, Anton and Ezekial, supra; see *1203 also Hackethal v. Loma Linda Community Hosp. (", "1979) 91 Cal. ", "App.3d 59 [153 Cal. ", "Rptr. ", "783]; Applebaum v. Board of Barton Memorial Hosp. (", "1980) 104 Cal. ", "App.3d 649 [163 Cal. ", "Rptr. ", "831]; and Cipriotti v. Board of Directors (1983) 147 Cal. ", "App.3d 144 [196 Cal. ", "Rptr. ", "367].)", "\n(2) The trial court, in making its determination concerning the procedural stance of this matter, i.e., the fact that the respondent's executive committee chose to suspend petitioner prior to meeting with him or holding a formal hearing, refused to exalt form over substance. ", "The record discloses that, in essence, petitioner had been given the opportunity to present whatever explanation he had concerning the Barham incident to respondent's committee, prior to any disciplinary action, and that minimal standards of fair hearing procedure were subsequently met. (", "Contrast the situation presented in Volpicelli v. Jared Sydney Torrance Memorial Hosp. (", "1980) 109 Cal. ", "App.3d 242 [167 Cal. ", "Rptr. ", "610].)", "\nImplicit in the trial court's determination was that petitioner himself was at least partially responsible for the JRC hearing's being of the \"post-suspension\" variety, due to petitioner's failure to attend either of the previous meetings of the executive committee, and his admitted failure to take the respondent's concern about his professional behavior at the hospital seriously enough. ", "As the trial court observed, at the JRC hearing in April 1976, well into the suspension period, petitioner was afforded the opportunity to defend himself, and his remarks set forth above in this opinion, persuaded not only the administrative tribunal but the trial court that Petitioner's conduct was, as he put it, \"inexcusable.\"", "\nWe note that respondent's Bylaws provide for summary suspension under certain conditions; these summary procedures were recently upheld, in the face of a \"fair procedure\" challenge. ", "The suspension involved preceded the hearing afforded the psychiatrist involved. (", "Cipriotti, supra, 147 Cal. ", "App.3d 144.)", "\nWe uphold the procedure employed by respondent here, under the particular circumstances presented. ", "As we indicated previously, the concept of \"fair procedure\" does not require rigid adherence to any particular procedure, to bylaws or timetables. ", "In our view, the trial court correctly determined that petitioner was treated fairly.", "\n\nII.", "\n(3) Petitioner's claim that the administrative record did not contain substantial evidence in support of his suspension is without merit. ", "Pursuant to *1204 Code of Civil Procedure section 1094.5, subdivision (d), as amended in 1978, the trial court's function was not that of exercising its independent judgment in making this determination, but was limited to a determination of whether respondent private hospital's administrative record contained substantial evidence in support of the administrative disposition. (", "Cipriotti, supra, at p. 157.) ", "Much of the substantive evidence concerning the petitioner's conduct was provided by petitioner himself. (", "4) Our task, as a reviewing court, remains limited to determining whether there was substantial evidence supporting the trial court's ruling. ", "We have no difficulty finding such evidence here.", "\n\nIII.", "\nSeveral days after the JRC's decision to uphold the suspension of petitioner, petitioner challenged the manner in which the JRC hearing was conducted on two bases: he claimed that Mary Harryman's notes and transcription of what occurred at the hearing was inaccurate, and he claimed that one of the physicians sitting on the JRC should have been removed because of the bias against him. ", "Petitioner was not very specific in identifying the transcript's inaccuracies or the individual against whom the bias charge was being made, but did assert that he had raised the claim of bias at the hearing, and this fact had not been recorded by Mary Harryman.", "\nWhen this matter came on for hearing — some five years after the events in question — the respondent submitted, and the trial court received as additional evidence, certain portions of declarations obtained by respondent from Mary Harryman and Gordon McGregor, M.D., who served as chairman of the JRC during the hearing afforded petitioner. ", "Harryman defended her version of the hearing as recorded, and denied that respondent had challenged at the hearing the manner in which the record was being made or mentioned bias on the part of any JRC member. ", "McGregor also denied that petitioner had raised the issue of bias at the JRC hearing.", "\n(5a) On appeal, petitioner claims that the trial court erred in allowing these declarations (in part) admitted. ", "Code of Civil Procedure section 1094.5, subdivision (e) provides that \"Where the court finds that there is relevant evidence which, in the exercise of reasonable diligence, could not have been produced or which was improperly excluded at the hearing before respondent, it may enter judgment as provided in subdivision (f) of this section remanding the case to be reconsidered in the light of such evidence; or, in cases in which the court is authorized by law to exercise its independent judgment on the evidence, the court may admit such evidence on the hearing on the writ without remanding the case.\" (", "Italics added.)", "\n*1205 Petitioner's position is that the case should, at a minimum, have been remanded to the administrative tribunal for a further evidentiary hearing on the issues of inaccuracy of the record and bias — issues concerning procedural fairness.", "\nOur research has revealed no case where the admissibility of \"newly discovered evidence\" relating to the accuracy of the administrative record, or bias, or procedural unfairness was at issue in the trial court.", "\nOne well-reasoned decision, Windigo Mills v. Unemployment Ins. ", "Appeals Bd. (", "1979) 92 Cal. ", "App.3d 586 [155 Cal. ", "Rptr. ", "63], held that it was proper for the trial court hearing a writ of administrative mandate to receive evidence concerning events occurring after the administrative hearing. ", "The Windigo trial court, however, was exercising an independent standard of review, as provided by subdivision (e), while the trial court in our matter was limited to ascertainment of substantial evidence.", "\nThe trial court, in the instant matter, perceived the issue of fairness as the first issue before it, and expressly declared that as to that issue it would employ an independent standard of review. ", "The trial judge had previously referred to the change of law reflected in the amendment of subdivision (d) with respect to private hospitals.", "\nWe agree with the trial judge's approach to the problem, for two reasons. (", "6) First, a litigant has a fundamental interest at stake in procedural fairness, including but not limited to an interest in the compilation of an accurate hearing record and having the disposition made by unbiased individuals. (", "Applebaum, supra, 104 Cal. ", "App.3d 649.) ", "Fundamental interests are protected best by employment of the independent judgment standard in superior courts undertaking review of administrative dispositions. (", "7) Second, we do not believe that the Legislature intended its amendment of subdivision (d), providing certain protection to private hospitals in administrative matters, to result in precluding those same hospitals from offering newly discovered evidence in the trial court in a proper case.", "\n(5b) Even if the trial court erred in receiving the declarations, in our view no reversal of its ruling is warranted. ", "As to the merits, the trial court properly determined that there was substantial evidence in the administrative record in support of the administrative disposition. ", "It is unlikely that a contrary result would have been reached upon remand.", "\n\n\n*1206 DISPOSITION\nThe judgment is affirmed.", "\nSpencer, P.J., and Lillie, J., concurred.", "\nAppellant's petition for a hearing by the Supreme Court was denied March 28, 1984.", "\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "FreeLaw" }

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[ "Olfactory receptor cells respond to odors in a tissue and semiconductor hybrid neuron chip.", "\nOlfactory systems of human beings and animals have the abilities to sense and distinguish varieties of odors. ", "In this study, a bioelectronic nose was constructed by fixing biological tissues onto the surface of light-addressable potentiometric sensor (LAPS) to mimic human olfaction and realize odor differentiation. ", "The odorant induced potentials on tissue-semiconductor interface was analyzed by sensory transduction theory and sheet conductor model. ", "The extracellular potentials of the receptor cells in the olfactory epithelium were detected by LAPS. ", "Being stimulated by different odorants, such as acetic acid and butanedione, olfactory epithelium activities were analyzed on basis of local field potentials and presented different firing modes. ", "The signals fired in different odorants could be distinguished into different clusters by principal component analysis (PCA). ", "Therefore, with cellular populations well preserved, the epithelium tissue and LAPS hybrid system will be a promising neuron chip of olfactory biosensors for odor detecting." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }

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[ "/*\n * Copyright 2008-present MongoDB, Inc.\n *\n * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.", "\n * You may obtain a copy of the License at\n *\n * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n *\n * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n * distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.", "\n * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n * limitations under the License.", "\n */\n\npackage org.bson.json;\n\nimport org.bson.", "BsonMaxKey;\n\nclass ExtendedJsonMaxKeyConverter implements Converter<BsonMaxKey> {\n @Override\n public void convert(final BsonMaxKey value, final StrictJsonWriter writer) {\n writer.writeStartObject();\n writer.writeNumber(\"$maxKey\", \"1\");\n writer.writeEndObject();\n }\n}\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Github" }

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[ "Schistosome vaccine testing: lessons from the baboon model.", "\nThe high level of protection elicited in rodents and primates by the radiation-attenuated schistosome vaccine gives hope that a human vaccine relying on equivalent mechanisms is feasible. ", "In humans, a vaccine would be undoubtedly administered to previously or currently infected individuals. ", "We have therefore used the olive baboon to investigate whether vaccine-induced immunity is compromised by a schistosome infection. ", "We showed that neither a preceding infection, terminated by chemotherapy, nor an ongoing chronic infection affected the level of protection. ", "Whilst IgM responses to vaccination or infection were short-lived, IgG responses rose with each successive exposure to the vaccine. ", "Such a rise was obscured by responses to egg deposition in already-infected animals. ", "In human trials it would be necessary to use indirect estimates of infection intensity to determine vaccine efficacy. ", "Using worm burden as the definitive criterion, we demonstrated that the surrogate measures, fecal eggs, and circulating antigens, consistently overestimated protection. ", "Regression analysis of the surrogate parameters on worm burden revealed that the principal reason for overestimation was the threshold sensitivity of the assays. ", "If we extrapolate our findings to human schistosomiasis mansoni, it is clear that more sensitive indirect measures of infection intensity are required for future vaccine trials." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }

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[ "John Cena and Nikki Bella announce break-up\nFans immediately flooded the comments to express their sadness and surprise, and many of them speculated as to why the couple would split even after they seemed to be happy together.", "\n\nRussian Federation vetoes Syria chemical weapons probe\nRussian Federation went to the United Nations Security Council today to warn the USA away from conducting airstrikes in Syria. ", "Last year, the United States launched strikes from two Navy destroyers against a Syrian air base.", "\n\nOladipo scores 32 as Pacers stun LeBron, Cavs\nThe Indiana Pacers look to make an early statement in this series after being one of the bigger surprises in the season already. ", "What makes that feat even more remarkable is the fact he accomplished it in his 15th National Basketball Association season.", "\n\nDonald Trump defends 'Mission Accomplished' claim\nTrump has made clear he wants to withdraw the roughly 2000 USA troops involved in the anti-Islamic State campaign in Syria. ", "The weekend's airstrikes in Syria and the country's seven-year-long civil war were also expected to be discussed.", "\n\nTigers postpone Saturday game against Yankees\nLuis Severino was expected to toe the rubber for the Yankees against Francisco Liriano and the Tigers this afternoon. ", "The teams are still set to square off Sunday night as previously scheduled, with first pitch slated for 7:10 p.m.\n\nIPL-2018: Rain stops play between KKR and SRH\nAfter the CSK game, the way they have come back, all three bowled well for us so I am very happy with way the spinners bowled. ", "Kolkata Knight Riders will play their next IPL clash against Sunrisers Hyderabad at home on April 14.", "\n\nShots fired at Justice Ijaz-ul-Ahsan's house in Lahore\nThe TV channel reported that Chief Justice of Pakistan Mian Saqib Nisar has reached the residence of the Supreme Court judge. ", "He was also part of the three-member bench hearing 17 petitions against the controversial Elections Act 2017.", "\n\nPM Modi hopeful of fruitful visit to Sweden and UK\nHe mentioned the Ayushman Bharat and Gram Swaraj programmes, saying these will empower the weaker sections. ", "Prime Minister Narendra Modi on Friday accused the Congress of obliterating the work done by B.R.\n\nMother Who Drove Family of 8 Off Cliff Was Drunk\nA specialized team of accident investigators is trying to figure that out with help from the FBI, Carpenter said. ", "Sarah and Jennifer Hart and their six adopted children were believed to be in the SUV at the time.", "\n\n21st Commonwealth Games concludes with new medal record for Sri Lanka\n\n\"Look, we understand many people have been disappointed by tonight's closing ceremony\", Zempilas said at the conclusion of the ceremony.", "\n\n\"Definitely, athletics is on the upward swing in the country\", he said. ", "The lone Gold came in women's singles Badminton, in which star shuttlers P V Sindhu and Saina Nehal were pitted against each other in the final.", "\n\nHeavy favourites Australia were also stunned by England in gripping fashion when Helen Housby scored the winning goal in the last second to make it 52-51.", "\n\nEngland won both the men's and women's 4x100-meter relays on the final day of track, while Botswana took the men's 4x400 and Jamaica the women's 4x400. ", "The 18-year-old Evripidou had already won gold medals in the team event and individual all-around, and added the hoops and ball to her collection.", "\n\nWhat do the stats say?: ", "16.2% of all medals won at the Games were by England, down from the 21% share of medals they claimed at Glasgow 2014. ", "New Zealand outscored Canada 28-13 in the fourth quarter and almost overcame a 21-point deficit.", "\n\n\"We're the Australian rights-holders so we can only show the pictures that are provided by the actual host broadcasters\". ", "New Zealand are expected to win the semifinal and face Australia in a re-match of the Rio Olympics final.", "\n\nThe CGF were keen to emphasise a greater diversity of medal winners with 43 nations taking at least one and the British Virgin Islands, Dominica, Cook Islands, Vanuatu and Solomon Islands all winning their first.", "\n\nThere were five medals in the shooting, while Gareth Evans won gold in the men's -69kg weightlifting and teenage gymnast Latalia Bevan was a surprise silver medallist on the floor.", "\n\n\"It was just pure relief, it's so special to have won on home soil\", Hosking said.", "\n\nIn a blistering rebuke of the event, Channel 7's own commentators Johanna Griggs and Basil Zempilas said they were contractually obliged to only show footage the Games provided, and that it was not Channel 7's decision to omit the athletes' entrance from their broadcast.", "\n\nShe received plenty of tactical help during the race from her five fellow Australians. ", "But I just wish we could have had that moment. ", "Jonathan Mould of Wales took silver and South Africa's Clint Hendricks took the bronze, all in the same time." ]

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[ "This resource has been updated - find the current version here: https://qubeshub.org/qubesresources/publications/821BioNumbers (http://www.bionumbers.hms.harvard.edu) is a database of key numbers in molecular and cell biology—the quantitative properties of biological systems of...\n\nIn this module we introduce the important notion of the replacement number, which generalizes the basic reproductive number R0. ", "We investigate how this number behaves near the start of an outbreak in models based on the uniform mixing assumption and in models that assume a contact network that is...\n\nThis resource has been updated - find the current version here: https://qubeshub.org/qubesresources/publications/819Vignettes that reveal how numbers serve as a sixth sense to understanding our cells.", "Sample figures:[[Slider(105-f3-ViralMeasuringTape-13.png,..." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }

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[ "Moya beat Hewitt for the fourth straight time this year and advanced to 5-2 lifetime against the Australian. ", "With a 2-0 record in the Red Group, he advanced to the semifinals.", "\n\n\"I beat the No. ", "1 player in the world, No. ", "3 in straight sets, both of them,\" Moya said. \"", "So this is a very nice feeling.\"", "\n\n\"He's playing unbelievable tennis at the moment, as he's shown numerous times during the year, not only on clay, but also on hard court now as well,\" Hewitt said. \"", "So, you know, it's definitely not bad loss losing to Carlos Moya.\"", "\n\nThe 26-year-old Spaniard reached the semifinals in his previous two appearances in the ATP's season-ending event. ", "He lost a five-set final to countryman Alex Corretja in 1998 and was a semifinalist in 1997.", "\n\nAfter finishing out of the top 10 each of the last three years, Moya has returned to the form that saw him win the 1998 French Open by claiming four titles this season.", "\n\n\"I think my level right now is very high,\" Moya said. \"", "I cannot compare how it was in 1998 because it was four or five years ago, but I have been working very hard.\"", "\n\nMaking his Tennis Masters Cup debut, Novak beat Agassi for the first time in five encounters. ", "He had never taken a set from the American before winning five straight games to win the opening set Wednesday. ", "The 27-year-old Czech claimed 11 of the last 12 games to move to the top of the Gold Group.", "\n\nThe two players were to have squared off in the final of the Tennis Masters Series in Madrid last month, but Novak defaulted the championship match because of a right groin injury sustained in the semifinals. ", "It was Agassi's tour-leading fifth tournament victory of the year. ", "Novak is the only player entered here without a title this season.", "\n\nThe losses by Hewitt and Agassi might affect the race to finish the year No. ", "1. ", "With his round-robin victory over Costa on Tuesday, Hewitt took a 108-point lead over Agassi in the 2002 ATP Champions Race.", "\n\nThe 21-year-old Hewitt has led the race every week since July 8 after winning his first Wimbledon title. ", "He has owned the No. ", "1 ranking on the ATP Entry System every week since Nov. 19, 2001 after winning last year's Tennis Masters Cup title in Sydney.", "\n\nIn order to become the oldest year-end No. ", "1, the 32-year-old Agassi must win the title, with Hewitt losing in the semifinals with at least one group defeat. ", "Agassi has upcoming matches against Roger Federer and Juan Carlos Ferrero while Hewitt next plays Safin.", "\n\n\"I tried my best and I was beaten,\" Agassi said. \"", "I don't know about the (ranking) numbers or anything but it is not an easy turnaround for me to play a disappointing match, to lose a match and then come back and play the next day.", "\n\n\"I have always felt that once I lose, I deserve to be out of the tournament, so it is a difficult situation for me, but I will just have to see it as another opportunity, as another chance.\"", "\n\nUnited Press International is a leading provider of news, photos and information to millions of readers around the globe via UPI.com and its licensing services.", "\n\nWith a history of reliable reporting dating back to 1907, today's UPI is a credible source for the most important stories of the day, continually updated - a one-stop site for U.S. and world news, as well as entertainment, trends, science, health and stunning photography. ", "UPI also provides insightful reports on key topics of geopolitical importance, including energy and security.", "\n\nA Spanish version of the site reaches millions of readers in Latin America and beyond.", "\n\nUPI was founded in 1907 by E.W. Scripps as the United Press (UP). ", "It became known as UPI after a merger with the International News Service in 1958, which was founded in 1909 by William Randolph Hearst. ", "Today, UPI is owned by News World Communications." ]

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[ "Cake Pricing Question Commercial Kitchen Vs Store Front\n\nI have a Commercial Kitchen, converted a 2 car garage. ", "I do check prices around my area, (hadn't checked since I first was almost legal, a couple years ago) and besides for overhead, labor, and costs and profit, I want to be competitive, and get paid as much as I possibly can (duh!) ", "I was using the an average between Wilton, and Earlene's charts , but I recently looked at some serving charts of bakeries in my area who participated in a bridal show, and saw they all use the Wilton Chart, so for ease of comparison, I switched to Wilton.", "\n\nI also noticed that prices had gone up in my area, where one had been $2.90/ $3.75 fondant/buttercream was now $3.50/$4.50. ", "And another who doesn't have prices posted (I got her brochure last year and this year) has gone up from $3.75/$4.50 to $4.90/$5.50.", "\n\nAnother's website expired 3 days ago (LMAO!) ", "but their prices are $5 for swirls, dots, and minimal piping and $6-7 a serving for everything fancier. ", "I was on their Facebook and they mentioned in comments that Cupcakes are $5 each, undecorated. ", "and an 8\" cake is $150\n\nMy prices are $2.75/$3.50. ", "and frankly, I wasn't impressed with any of the cakes on their Facebook, save 1, but it wasn't really anything that most people would want. ", "I hold my own with all in the area, some are better, some are not quite as good. ( ", "and we all have our off days.)", "\n\nI have a commercial kitchen, and not a store front, it is JUST ME, and no employees, so my over head is much less, so I figured I should keep my costs lower, but I have had several consultations in the last month and a few people were like \"THAT'S ALL?\" ", "and \"everything included??\" ", "and other general shock that the prices are so little, so should I raise them? ", "Maybe raise them, and see what happens? ", "lol. ", "I know the higher priced bakeries are booked every week, while I am not. ", "I make enough, when I make them, but I am thinking maybe my lower prices are being perceived as less quality.", "\n\nAI don't use a percentage, because it varies per cake, as do my hours for each cake, plus I work from home, so I take lots of breaks, so an hourly pay is useless to figure. ", "My cakes cost between .67¢ and $1.27 a serving, I have about >$200 a month in overhead, and I put the rest in the bank, and use it for future supplies, and taxes and equipment. ", "I spent $17,000 ish to build it and stock it with cake pans, oven, luster dust, and tables and everything. ", "We are still fixing it up, I just bought $87 worth of shelves.", "\n\nI really only pay myself when the bakery has $1000 in the bank. ", "I have all monthly payment items that don't fluctuate paid for 4-12 months in advance, such as website, insurance... We still owe ourselves the money, since we paid for it all out of pocket and didn't use credit.", "\n\nAWithout knowing the labor and overhead cost component for your products (or the market value) it's not clear how you've set your prices. ", "Once you have this information you can determine what your markup is now -- it's probably lower than you think -- and see what makes sense in terms of your local market.", "\n\nYou should be able to point to any of your products and explain (to yourself, not to customers) how you set the price. ", "For example, if basic cakes are priced at $4/serving, $0.75 may come from ingredients, $2 from labor, and $0.50 from overhead, leaving a cost of $3.25 and a markup of 23%. ", "Generally markup will be in the 15-45% range.", "\n\nI agree with knowing all your costs, of course!! ", "But it's not so easy to do a straight mark-up as percent. ", "I think your mark-up per item is up to you and it can fluctuate from one product to the next. ", "Just like pricing varies from one regional area to another. ", "I think you have to price your products for what your market will bare and what your competitors are charging for similar. ", "I charge more for items I don't make regularly. ", "It's more profitable to do similar items then to change up your production and or ingredients.", "\n\nWhen I go back and read your post it's clear you already know what you should do and you've already done your homework.", "\n\nI originally priced my work \"attractively\" hoping that would attract more business, to grow my business faster. ", "But instead, it backfires and gets the wrong clients.", "\n\nI agree with knowing all your costs, of course!! ", "But it's not so easy to do a straight mark-up as percent. ", "I think your mark-up per item is up to you and it can fluctuate from one product to the next.", "\n\nAbsolutely correct. ", "It would be a pretty big coincidence if all your products had the same markup percentage, it will vary depending on your cost and market value for each type of product. ", "But you should still know what the markup percentage is for each product, otherwise how would you even know if you were profitable?", "\n\nI charge more for items I don't make regularly. ", "It's more profitable to do similar items then to change up your production and or ingredients.", "\n\nThis should be captured in lower labor and ingredient costs for products where you have higher volume and have worked on increasing efficiency, assuming market price is constant this leads to a higher markup for those products and more profit.", "\n\nin all actuality, it doesn't matter what they are for this question. ", "With all my blathering, the real question is, can a home-based commercial kitchen realistically charge what everyone else is charging when customers drive to their home? ", "I have a very modest ranch style home, nice clean neighborhood. ", "I am just a couple turns off of a main road, in a culdesac. ", "We have a basketball goal at the end of the driveway, sometimes our grass is long, my husband's work van is ugly, dented and leaks all over our driveway. (", "I have cleaned the stains a dozen times, but the damn thing still drips! ", "And there is no street parking in the culdesac, and I can't ask him to go leak in front of the neighbor's house, up the road, he works his butt off and it seams ungrateful and disrespectful. )", "\n\nWe have a half-pipe (a big 27'x12' skateboard ramp) you can see in the winter, but is hidden by a funky shaped tree that was hit by lightning. ", "My kids will often leave their abundant junk and bikes in the yard, you can see the huge playset they have, and our landscaping is nil, though we have a very nicely shaped tree in the front yard (that has white flowers in the spring that smell very \"fertile' :-P ) .... I am just afraid that the customers will think I am too white trash to have higher prices, and am afraid they are thinking, \"What a dump, at least it's cheap,\" and after they try them, \"they really are great cakes, too bad we have to drive to this dump to get them!\"", "\n\nLandscaping is a goal, as is a privacy fence in the back yard, but we don't have the money, or time and energy for that right now.", "\n\nAI'm home based and I meet people at a local coffee shop. ", "Photographers, florists and other wedding suppliers often meet customers in cafe's or bars, why would I want strangers that I've just communicated via email with in my house? ", "I know some people argue that people want to see where the cake is baked but I don't think it's a good argument. ", "If you're clean and your portfolio is clean, why would they NEED to see your kitchen unless they have OCD, they can see my health and safety certificate and hygiene rating anyway.", "\n\nMost people when they book an appointment think I have a shop and I tell them that no I work from my approved kitchen and they are fine with that. ", "It doesn't mean you can't charge as much as someone who has a store front, provided your cakes are as good as them. ", "A basic 6/8/10 with no decs apart from a ribbon for me is £380/$600 which for London is competitive and this is my 2nd year. ", "I don't charge as much as the high end bakeries, which are easily double my prices but I charge more than other bakeries and home based cakers. ", "It's about what works for you, don't sell yourself short, but don't pretend you're ron ben israel either!", "\n\nALike it or not, the impression given by your property can influence customers. ", "As mentioned above, you can mitigate this by conducting tastings at a third party location or even holding tastings at the customer's home.", "\n\nHaving an accurate picture of your costs absolutely matters if you want to know how profitable your business is, otherwise you're just guessing. ", "And it's essential for paying income tax since you only owe tax on your net income.", "\n\nAThank you! ", "The double doors with side lights are the bakery. ", "There used to be a garage door there. ", "Now, in the winter, the grass is yellow, and the trees have no leaves. ", "I have been considering the color of the doors, and the brick has a deep plum and a deep reddish plum in them, so I am tempted, but afraid they may be too dark. ", "I don't want more brown, though.", "\n\nAI am not allowed a sign, but I have a new van since the picture, that has a window sign on the back that is visible from the street, and when I have a consultation, or new client coming, I have a yard sign I move out to the end of the drive way. ", "I have to pull it up each time to avoid a fine, lol.", "\n\nNo matter where your business is located people do judge you and your product by its appearance. ", "Your look needs to be really kept up just like you'd have to do if you owned a store front business. ", "Because it's your home you'll have to put in even more time keeping it more tidy then a store.", "\n\nThe grass has to be mowed, the weeds killed and flowers planted. ", "Keep your house freshly painted, mail box looking new.........etc...\n\nDo all those things they tell you to do as if you were trying to sell your home. ", "Add some charm/decor and take away alot of personalization....neutralize it. ", "I do worry about the beat up work truck. ", "That's an eye sore, but I don't have any solutions for you, I'm sorry. ", "If you had a store front you wouldn't want someones beat up vehicle always parked in front of your door.............could you put a inexpensive driveway around the back of your house where he could park it?", "\n\nAStitches, I agree totally. ", "The house was painted 2 years ago, I probably could use a new mail box, and I had the thought of him parking it out back, but our house is so small, there is no where to hide it! ", "Plus, the right side, where the bakery is, is super long, (the bakery is 22' long, and then there are two bedrooms and a bathroom on that side, so the driveway would have to be about 60' long to clear the side of the house. ", "The other side, and he'd have to drive through the front yard.", "\n\nStitches, I agree totally. ", "The house was painted 2 years ago, I probably could use a new mail box, and I had the thought of him parking it out back, but our house is so small, there is no where to hide it! ", "Plus, the right side, where the bakery is, is super long, (the bakery is 22' long, and then there are two bedrooms and a bathroom on that side, so the driveway would have to be about 60' long to clear the side of the house. ", "The other side, and he'd have to drive through the front yard.", "\n\nInstead of a driveway all the way to the back of the house. ", "Just make it as far back as to clear the bakery portion of the home. ", "Then behind it you can put up a nice double gate wooden fence to hide the truck. ", "Out of sight out of mind.", "\n\nurg........that is a stick thing. (", "Just so ya know, my hubby drives a company truck also. ", "For years he had the worst looking one they owned.........so I get it. ", "Plus he was pretty unhappy himself having to drive that junk.) ", "Just do the best you can, keep it clean inside and out, even if it is ugly. ", "Don't park it up close to the house.......it looks more like a visitors if it's parked lower in the drive.", "\n\nJust try to see things as a stranger would.....\n\nIf you can afford it, I think some classic urns with seasonal 'greens/flowers' by you company door would look nice....sort of highlight where you business door is. ", "Splurge on this, buy something that looks really expensive.", "\n\nInstead of a driveway all the way to the back of the house. ", "Just make it as far back as to clear the bakery portion of the home. ", "Then behind it you can put up a nice double gate wooden fence to hide the truck. ", "Out of sight out of mind.", "\n\nAThanks Jimmy. ", "That is a thought. ", "I suppose he wouldn't have to park it there every day, just when he is here on consultation days. ", "He goes to work at 6am, so it would be such a hassle to get out of the van to open and close a gate in the morning and evening. ", "Though the kids could be made to do it in the afternoon :-D\n\nAI used to wear business casual clothes for my tastings, but have started wearing a pink chef coat, and black work pants, and my black tennis shoes with pink and black checkered laces. ", "I have a beautiful bakery, and a pretty consultation area. ", "I think some transparent cake signs would be be nice.", "\n\nI used to wear business casual clothes for my tastings, but have started wearing a pink chef coat, and black work pants, and my black tennis shoes with pink and black checkered laces. ", "I have a beautiful bakery, and a pretty consultation area. ", "I think some transparent cake signs would be be nice.", "\n\nI don't know, I think the white sticks out like a sore thumb.", "\n\nHow do you feel about white with pink and black trim.", "\n\nI would say pink with black trim but your zoning officer may object. ", "The doors have their \"native\" finish right now. ", "And being that visible surely helps?", "\n\nAWell, that's where my husband parks his hoopty. ", "Yeah, right in front of the door.", "\n\nI think they look unfinished. ", "I don't know about pink, inthinknit may clash with the brick. ", "everything inside is pink, black, white, stainless steel, and teal. ", "I live outside city limits, and were pretty conservative about telling people what to do and what they can't do. ", "House paint isn't regulated. ", "I am going to paint the front door a rich violet purple, to make it stand out. (", "I have been holding out since I found out it was a $1,200 door!) ", "it is beautiful, but it is wood grain painted steel and fiberglass door. ", "I want it to stand out.", "\n\nurg........that is a stick thing. (", "Just so ya know, my hubby drives a company truck also. ", "For years he had the worst looking one they owned.........so I get it. ", "Plus he was pretty unhappy himself having to drive that junk.) ", "Just do the best you can, keep it clean inside and out, even if it is ugly. ", "Don't park it up close to the house.......it looks more like a visitors if it's parked lower in the drive.", "\n\nJust try to see things as a stranger would.....\n\nIf you can afford it, I think some classic urns with seasonal 'greens/flowers' by you company door would look nice....sort of highlight where you business door is. ", "Splurge on this, buy something that looks really expensive.", "\n\nI missed this before! ", "We posted at the same time, and I am a slow typist. ", "I think the urns are a great idea. ", "We actually have more money in our bakery account than our personal account right now, so I think that would be a great splurge. ", "I kill plants left and right, I am so lazy about planting, I could stick some silks in, lmao, I am kidding... But with just the two, I could find the time to do something with them.", "\n\nNow, what to put in there? ", "We have winters that are pretty much in the 20°-50°, so not too harsh, but everything turns brown.", "\n\nI am so lazy about yard work, as is my husband, that I looked into getting the grass that only grows 3\" and stays emerald green all year. ", "I think the quote for the front yard alone was $5,000!" ]

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[ "1. ", "Field of the Invention\nThe present invention relates to an image processing apparatus, an image capture apparatus, an image processing method, and a program. ", "More specifically, the present invention relates to an image processing apparatus, an image capture apparatus, an image processing method, and a program for determining corresponding points between a plurality of images photographed from different points of view.", "\n2. ", "Description of the Related Art\nCorresponding points between images photographed from a plurality of different points of view may be searched for to calculate the distance of objects appearing in the images from cameras. ", "Many techniques for accurately and quickly searching for corresponding points between images have been proposed.", "\nFor example, Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. ", "2003-085566 discloses a technique for determining correspondences between images with high accuracy. ", "In the disclosed technique, optimum correspondences are assigned to pixel sequences on horizontal scanning lines using the Viterbi algorithm, which is a dynamic programming algorithm.", "\nJapanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. ", "07-103734 discloses a technique for quickly determining correspondences between images. ", "In the disclosed technique, images that are reduced in size are used to form a layered structure in which results of correspondence detection in low-resolution layers are transferred to higher-resolution layers to reduce the amount of correspondence search processing in high-resolution layers." ]

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[ "- [Reporter] Global manufacturing\nis poised for a rebound\nafter a rough start to 2020.", "\nHere's a way to see that on paper.", "\nIt's a Global Manufacturing\nPurchasing Managers Index\nor PMI for short.", "\nThe chart tracks expected\nexpansion or contraction\nin manufacturing activity\naround the world.", "\nYou can see that since\nFebruary, it's dipped sharply.", "\nBut now, it's contracting less quickly.", "\nEconomists rely on PMIs\nto get an early read\non where the economy could be headed.", "\nBut some warn that these\nnumbers can't capture\nthe full picture of this recession,\nand its unique burden\non smaller businesses.", "\nThe first thing to know about PMIs\nis where the data comes from.", "\nThe numbers on this\nchart come from a survey\nof several thousand purchasing\nmanagers around the world.", "\n- Purchasing manager is the\nperson in an organization\nthat's responsible for\ngetting in all the things\nthat the company needs\nto make what it sells.", "\nThey kind of have a view in\nhow much hiring is going on\nand all the services\nthat they might buy in\nfrom other companies.", "\n- [Reporter] These purchasing\nmanagers answer questions\nabout things like changes\nin production, new orders,\nand change in prices\nover the previous month.", "\nThe managers report whether\nthese numbers were higher,\nthe same, or lower.", "\nHigher receives a 1,\nthe same receives a .5,\nand lower receives a 0.", "\nThe answers are then added up,\nweighed and averaged into a score.", "\nAnd the scores are plotted\ninto a chart like this one\nwhere the 50 line marks the middle\nbetween growth and contraction.", "\nOne benefit of PMIs during\nperiods of rapid economic change\nlike the one we're in now,\nis that they're able to\ncome up with numbers fast,\nfaster than many government measures.", "\n- When you're trying to\nmeasure something as complex\nas an economy, you've got a trade-off.", "\nThe trade-off is between speed\nand accuracy or comprehensiveness.", "\nIf you want to know accurately\nhow quickly the economy is\ngrowing through official figures,\nyou have to wait a few months.", "\nWith the PMIs you're getting\nit more or less as it happens.", "\n- [Reporter] That\ntimeliness has helped PMIs\ngive economists a first\nlook at economic downturns,\nat least, they did when the\neconomy was behaving normally.", "\nConsider what happened in 2008\nduring the financial crisis\nthat sparked the great recession.", "\nThat year, PMIs like\nthe flash Eurozone Index\ncrossed the 50 line in\nNovember, an early warning\nof a coming economic contraction.", "\nBut official GDP data didn't\npick up on what was happening\nuntil about three months later.", "\nAnd when it did, it matched\nthe trend captured by the PMI.", "\nThis episode solidified\nthe reputation of PMIs\nas timely, incredible tools, so much so\nthat central banks around the\nworld now use the indicator\nto inform monetary policies\nlike changes in interest rates.", "\nBut the economic contraction\nthat began in 2020\nmay reveal a blind spot in PMI surveys.", "\nThey can't fully account\nfor the smallest businesses\nlike gig workers or freelancers.", "\nThat's because larger\nfirms are more likely\nto respond to the surveys.", "\n- The one thing that I\nthink it's fair to say\nthey miss out on is the\nvery, very small businesses,\nthe mom and pop stores, the restaurants,\nthe kinds of businesses that\nare probably most effected\nby the kind of lockdown that we've seen.", "\nOne of the issues I think\nthat surveys like this have\nis that they are time consuming.", "\nSo I think the information\nrequirement may be a bit tough\nfor very small businesses\nto be able to handle.", "\n- [Reporter] Doing this\nreporting takes additional labor\nthat some small businesses\njust can't supply.", "\nThis spring, companies with\nfewer than 500 employees\nlost about 18.4% of the\npre-crisis workforce\nwhere bigger firms lost\n16.6% according to ADP.", "\n- So you have to remember the\nlimitations that the PMI has.", "\nWhat it is useful for figuring out\nis broadly, how strong or\nweak the economy is growing.", "\nBut it's not gonna tell\nyou which bits are growing\nand which bits are contracting.", "\n- [Reporter] Another\nlimitation of a global PMI\nis that it doesn't account\nfor regional differences.", "\nFor example, much of the recent upturn\ncan be attributed to\nnew activity in China.", "\nThe country is reopening for\nbusiness as others in the West\nare still working to contain the virus.", "\n- The Global Manufacturing Index\nis very heavily influenced by China\nwhich is the largest\nmanufacturer on the planet.", "\nNow they key thing\nabout China is obviously\nthat it locked down earlier,\nbecause the pandemic hit earlier.", "\nSo what it is,\nis a sort of mix of China recovering\nand everyone else going\nthrough the contraction\nthat China went through in\nJanuary, February and March.", "\nIn a way it's sort of not telling you\nabout the worst of this.", "\nSo in this period, particularly\nin the lockdown period,\ndata doesn't mean what it\nusually does, it's not as solid.", "\n- [Reporter] Still, as\nthe recovery continues,\ninvestors and economists will\nhave their eye on the 50 line.", "\n" ]

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[ "Top 10 SEO plugins and tools for 2017\n\nIn this post I am going to suggest you a great list WordPress SEO plugins which I use and suggest to all my readers.", "\n\nDo you know that today, WordPress is used by more that 50 million websites, and it is undoubtedly the best blogging platform ever built. ", "Today not only professional bloggers but many online businesses, an online magazine, and internet marketing firms are using it to run and expand their business on the web.", "\n\nWe all know that SEO is vast field, and it requires lots of knowledge to master it. ", "But if you are serious about blogging, business or about you portfolio then you will do your level to improve your brand presence and authorship. ", "And one of the best ways to enhance your brand presence and authority is SEO, as it helps to drive organic traffic, customers, and leads. ( ", "important SEO tips you should never neglect)\n\nLuckily, a number of tools out there can help your WordPress site rank better and get more love from Google. ", "So, without further ado, here are the best WordPress SEO plugins and tools you will need for 2017.", "\n\nSEO is not just one thing. ", "It consists of many parts and you can find specialized tools for each area of SEO. ", "Yet, if you are looking for more of an all-round solution, the two plugins below will allow you to cover most of your bases.", "\n\nThis plugin by Micheal Torbert , who runs his business and also offer a professional version of this. ", "The pro version has lots of other advanced features which you won’t get in the free version, including premium support and installation.", "\n\nThis is the World’s famous and one of the most advance SEO plugin built for bloggers, online business, e commerce, and magazines, with over 14 million plus Downloads and 3.8 as an average rating out of 5, it has to be the top on my list.", "\n\nIf you are one among the blogger who does not understand SEO and rarely cares to perform any on page optimization, then you must use this plugin.", "\n\nThis is all in one and indeed the most powerful WordPress SEO plugin ever built. ", "It has the power to manage all your pages, posts, custom post formats or in simple terms your complete website.", "\n\nYou can use it to drag and drop functionality to inert the keyword into your content with one click. ", "This feature helps to save 15 to 20 minutes per post basis which you usually waste while performing keyword research on other tools and services.", "\n\nIt also has powerful post and page analysis algorithm which calculates the SEO state of your content, then it gives you rating on 100 bases. ", "In the analysis, it checks you H1,H2, H3 tags.", "\n\nIt can also check for both outbound and internal linking (seo tips) it even checks your images and whether it has alternate and title tag or not. ", "It even offers you the functionality to automate the task of adding alternative text by assigning the title hook in its setting page.", "\n\nAnd this also has a powerful internal linking feature which allows you to assign any particular link with one specific word or phrase. ", "The whenever you publish the post, those words will hyperlinked automatically.", "\n\nThis plugin also helps to make your site more social friendly by adding a Facebook open graph and Twitter metadata tags. ", "It has inbuilt support for rich snippet which means now you can write an extensive review, and they will be made schema.org compatible automatically.", "\n\nWordPress SEO by team Yoast is continuously among the most popular in the WordPress directory. ", "It has more than one million active installs and sports a solid rating. ", "Besides that it is also one of my personal favorites.", "\n\nThe plugin allows you to configure many settings relevant to search engine optimization both on global and local level. ", "Its features include:\n\nInternal linking helps to improve user interaction with the site as it allows them to easily navigate through different pages on your site which are based on similarly connected topics.", "\n\nYou can easily add hyperlinks to any internal page through wordpress post editor. ", "But if your website has more than 100’s of post, reviews and dozens of pages, then manually editing each page to internally connect your previous post is a tough task.", "\n\nWell here comes Interlinks Manager for rescue.", "\n\nIt has an super easy and to the point interface which will allow you to assign the keyword, the target URL and DONE. ", "Now, this little plugin will scan each and every single post and page on your website for that keyword, and wherever it will find it, it will automatically add the hyperlink.", "\n\nBasically it is a set and forget plugin. ", "You can keep on creating new content and just before you will publish the hit button, the appropriate links will be added automatically in the backend.", "\n\nIt also comes with a simple and user-friendly link suggestion feature which automatically suggest you the appropriate link for the targeted keyword. ", "Furthermore, it uses a sophisticated algorithm to calculate the internal link juice and even give you the option to enable link tracking.", "\n\nIn case you love data sheets, you can even import the report generated in .csv format for further analysis. ", "Overall, if you want improve your internal link structure, this is the one plugin you will ever need.", "\n\nRank Hijack-off Page SEO Tool\n\nIf you are new to SEO and want to create high quality, high page authority backlinks to your site then you must check out Rank Hijack. ", "It is a web bases application which is designed to help you find Parasite SEO.", "\n\nIt is a web-based application which which aims to help you find Parasite SEO. ", "For those who do not know what parasite SEO are, they are basically high domain authority websites which allow you to create your own articles and publish them on their platform with do follow and sometimes nofollow backlinks.", "\n\nRemember that this is not an on-page SEO plugin for wordpress. ", "Rather it is an off-page SEO tool which helps to increase trust value, citation flow, page authority and domain authority of your website.", "\n\nFurthermore, the platforms which this tool finds for you and niche relevant. ", "This means you are building backlinks from trustworthy sites and those sites are directly related to your niche.", "\n\nShare Buttons and Social Analytics\n\nIn order to get the sweet, sweet SEO juice from social netwroks, you first need to enable your visitors to give you the Facebook and Twitter bump.", "\n\nShare this lets your visitors spread your content to 120 different social channels, including Facebook, Twitter and LinkedIn. ", "Email is also Supported.", "\n\nThe plugin gives you several options of displaying sharing options:\n\nLarge and small buttons beneath or on top of your content, a pull-down menu or floating sidebar.", "\n\nIn addition, it also offers social analytics to understand the sharing habits if your audience. ", "ShareThis will turn your website into a sharing powerhouse.", "\n\nSEO cleaner is not your typical SEO plugin which helps in writing and optimizing your posts and pages. ", "Instead, it contributes to optimizing your overall website’s performance by cleaning up the markup.", "\n\nThis simple and user-friendly plugin comes with dozens of options. ", "That is to help you get rid of not so useful meta tags. ", "Many wordpress users do not know that wordpress by default creates DNS prefetch for external domains like Google, web fonts, analytic and few more. ", "It also generate post short links and hard coded styles for comments. ", "Furthermore to worsen the situation it loads additional scripts and styles to detect device types and to load emojis.", "\n\nAll these activities lead to not so SEO friendly source code. ", "But by using this plugin, you can get rid of short links, RSS feed links, emoji’s, hard coded styles and HTML comments with just a few clicks. ", "Furthermore, its advanced settings allow you to remove unused meta tags, scripts, styles, HTTP headers.", "\n\nThis is an awesome wordpress plugin for those who always forget to set alternative tags to their images. ", "This image seo plugin is designed to help you authorship. ", "Add the title and alternative text to every image on your website. ", "Yes, you read it right. ", "It does not matter it your site has 1000 oe 10,000 images. ", "This awesome little buddy will make every picture SEO ready.", "\n\nFurthermore, this add-on comes with another feature called lazy load. ", "By lazy loading images, you can make your website 50% to 75% faster. ", "Now you might be thinking how is that possible. ", "Well, you might know that images contribute to 50 to 60 percent of webpage’s total weight. ", "Lazy load scripts help to load images only when they come inside the visible viewport.", "\n\nSo basically if you haven’t scrolled down the page then the pictures below in your post won’t get loaded. ", "To provide lazy load functionality, this plugin comes with the open source unveil.js script.", "\n\nRedirection\n\nThe cure for broken are 301 redirects. ", "They tell search engine the new location of migrated content and prevent human visitors from encountering the dreaded 404 error page.", "\n\nThe redirection plugin will monitor when someone comets to your site and lands on a pages that does not exist. ", "You can then easily redirect those links to where they are actually supposed to go to. ", "That way you do not lose the valuable link juice and search engines are happy, too.", "\n\nOne of the coolest things is that this plugin will automatically set up a redirect for posts whose URL has changed. ", "Furthermore it provides you will statistics about how often redirections are being accessed and where the original link came from.", "\n\nUltimate Video SEO Plugin\n\nIf you are an owner of a video blog and want to improve its organic traffic, then it is a must to have plugin. ", "This video SEO plugin automatically generates schema.org video object markup and helps to show video thumbnail on search result pages.", "\n\nAfter installing this plugin, you do not need to perform any serious settings. ", "And you can go straight to your posts and start creating new articles and tutorials. ", "But now you will notice a new field bellow you post editor. ", "And it will allow you to add videos, its details and thumbnails.", "\n\nThus has an ability to fetch video SEO details automatically from its respective video hosting service. ", "Furthermore, it even generated video sitemap which helps Google and other search engines to index your new pages quickly and its content. ", "Thus, this plugin helps to rank you video higher on SERP and contributes to driving extra organic traffic. ", "Currently, it supports almost all the leading video hosting websites like You tube, Vimeo, Dailymotion and much more.", "\n\n(This plugin is no more available. ", "Development of this plugin has been suspended because original author was busy on other projects.)", "\n\nSo here comes the end of this list. ", "They are my personal favorite, and I consider them as top WordPress SEO plugins. ", "Tell us which one if your favorite or do you use any other plugin.", "\n\nIf you have any questions do not hesitate to leave comment. ", "And one of our team member will help you as soon as possible." ]

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[ "# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one\n# or more contributor license agreements. ", " See the NOTICE file\n# distributed with this work for additional information\n# regarding copyright ownership. ", " The ASF licenses this file\n# to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the\n# \"License\"); you may not use this file except in compliance\n# with the License. ", " You may obtain a copy of the License at\n#\n#\n# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n#\n#\n# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,\n# software distributed under the License is distributed on an\n# \"AS IS\" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY\n# KIND, either express or implied. ", " See the License for the\n# specific language governing permissions and limitations\n# under the License.", "\n\nfrom aliyunsdkcore.request import RpcRequest\nfrom aliyunsdklive.endpoint import endpoint_data\n\nclass DeleteCasterLayoutRequest(RpcRequest):\n\n\tdef __init__(self):\n\t\tRpcRequest.__init__(self, 'live', '2016-11-01', 'DeleteCasterLayout','live')\r\n\t\tself.set_method('POST')\n\t\tif hasattr(self, \"endpoint_map\"):\n\t\t\tsetattr(self, \"endpoint_map\", endpoint_data.getEndpointMap())\n\t\tif hasattr(self, \"endpoint_regional\"):\n\t\t\tsetattr(self, \"endpoint_regional\", endpoint_data.getEndpointRegional())\n\r\n\r\n\tdef get_LayoutId(self):\r\n\t\treturn self.get_query_params().get('LayoutId')\r\n\r\n\tdef set_LayoutId(self,LayoutId):\r\n\t\tself.add_query_param('LayoutId',LayoutId)\r\n\r\n\tdef get_CasterId(self):\r\n\t\treturn self.get_query_params().get('CasterId')\r\n\r\n\tdef set_CasterId(self,CasterId):\r\n\t\tself.add_query_param('CasterId',CasterId)\r\n\r\n\tdef get_OwnerId(self):\r\n\t\treturn self.get_query_params().get('OwnerId')\r\n\r\n\tdef set_OwnerId(self,OwnerId):\r\n\t\tself.add_query_param('OwnerId',OwnerId)" ]

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[ "Seri people\n\nThe Seri are an indigenous group of the Mexican state of Sonora. ", "The majority reside on the Seri communal property (Spanish, ejido), in the towns of Punta Chueca (Seri: Socaaix) and El Desemboque (Seri: Haxöl Iihom) on the mainland coast of the Gulf of California. ", "Tiburón Island (Tahejöc) and San Esteban Island (Cofteecöl and sometimes Hast) were also part of their traditional territory. ", "They were historically seminomadic hunter-gatherers who maintained an intimate relationship with both the sea and the land. ", "They are one of the ethnic groups of Mexico that has most strongly maintained their language and culture throughout the years after contact with Spanish and Mexican cultures.", "\n\nThe Seri people are not related culturally or linguistically to other groups that have lived in the area, such as the Opata, Yaqui (sg.: ", "Yequim, pl.: ", "Yectz), O'odham (sg.: ", "Hapaay), or Cochimí. ", "The Seri language is distinct from all others in the region and is considered a language isolate.", "\n\nBeside the Apache (sg.: ", "Hapats, pl.: ", "Hapatsoj) and Yaqui, the Seri are best known as fierce warriors for their fierce resistance against subjugation by the Spanish (sg.: ", "Casopin) and later Mexicans (sg./pl.: ", "Cocsar).", "\n\nThe name Seri is an exonym of uncertain origin. (", "Claims that it is from Opata or from Yaqui were nineteenth-century speculations based on similarity to words in those languages and not with clear evidence.) ", "Their name for themselves is Comcaac (phonemically , phonetically ); singular: Cmiique (phonemically ), phonetically ).", "\n\nBands\n\nThe Seri were formerly divided into six bands. ", "They were:\n Xiica hai iicp coii or Xica hai iic coii (\"those who live toward the north wind\"), also known as Tepocas or Saliñeros, who inhabited a large area to the north of the other bands, along the coast between Puerto Lobos and Punta Tepopa and somewhat inland, constituting six subgroups with following camps: Zaah Hacáila, Pailc Haacöt, Xpano Hax, Haasíxp, Haxöl Ihom, Xapoyáh\n Xiica xnaai iicp coii or Xica xnai iic coii (\"those that are to the south\", \"those who lived toward the south wind\"), also known as Tastioteños who inhabited the coast from Bahía Kino to Guaymas.", "\n Tahejöc comcaac or Tahéjöc comcáac (\"Tiburón Island people\"), also known as the Seris or Tiburones, who inhabited the coasts of Tiburón Island, and the coast of Mexico opposite it, north of the Xiica xnaai iicp coii., ", "constituting five subgroups with following camps: Hajháx, Cyazim, Sacpátix, Haanc, Hatquísa, Taij It, Inóohcö Quixaz, Xniizc, Tacáta, Heeme, Hast Hax, Soosni Itáaai, Xoxáacöl, Caail iti ctamcö, Hax Ipac\n Xoxáacöl (group of people within the Tiburon Island people group)\n Heeno comcaac or Heno comcáac (\"desert people\"), who inhabited the central valley of Tiburón Island.", "\n Xnaamotat or Xnaa motat (\"those that came from the south\"), also known as Upanguaymas or Guaymas, who inhabited a small strip south of Guaymas between the Xiica hai iic coii and the Tahejöc comcaac.", "\n Xiica hast ano coii or Xica hast ano coii (\"those that are in San Esteban Island\"), hast ano ctam (male), hast ano cmaam (female)), who inhabited San Esteban Island and the southern coast of Tiburón Island.", "\n\nThree of the bands were further subdivided. ", "Relations between bands were not always friendly, and internal conflict sometimes occurred.", "\n\nSome bands were also living on the Baja California Peninsula (Hant Ihiin), they were called Hant Ihiini comcaac.", "\n\nIt has been said that these groups spoke three distinct but mutually intelligible dialects. ", "It is thought that the first dialect was spoken by the Xiica hai iic coii, Xiica xnaai iic coii, Tahejöc comcaac and Heeno comcaac Bands and presently this variant is the only dialect spoken and is the ancestor of modern-day Seri. ", "The second dialect was spoken by the Xnaamotat Band, but it is currently extinct and there was very little data collected regarding this dialect. ", "The third dialect is also extinct and was spoken by the Xiica hast ano coii Band; it was described as sounding musical, as if speakers were singing instead of speaking (Moser 1963). ", "Speakers sometimes make remarks regarding certain expressions being characteristic of particular Bands, especially of the Xiica hast ano coii Band. ", "These communication differences were thought to have kept the groups from having much social interaction with each other.", "\n\nAfter the Seri population was greatly reduced by conflicts with the Mexican government and the O'odham, and epidemics of smallpox and measles, the remaining Seris grouped together and the band divisions were lost.", "\n\nEthnonym\nThe autoethnonym of the Seri people, Comcaac, was first recorded by United States Boundary Commissioner John Russell Bartlett, who was in the area for a short visit in early 1852. ", "The word was included in the list of approximately 180 words that Bartlett archived in the Bureau of American Ethnology (now part of the National Anthropological Archive, housed at the Smithsonian). ", "He recorded the word as \"komkak\", which reflected the pronunciation of the word at that time (although he missed the vowel length and did not indicate stress). ", "Other word lists, obtained by other people during the last half of the nineteenth century, confirm that pronunciation. ", "The phonetic rule by which the consonant /m/ is pronounced as a velar nasal in this context (after an unstressed vowel and preceding a velar consonant) may not have come about until sometime in the early twentieth century or researchers may have encountered slow-speech deliberate pronunciations for which the assimilation was held in abeyance. ", "The singular form, Cmiique, was first recorded by French explorer and philologist Alphonse Pinart in 1879. ", "He recorded the word as \"kmike\", which must have reflected the pronunciation of the word at that time (although he also missed the vowel length). ", "The phonetic rule by which the consonant /m/ is pronounced as a nasalized velar approximant in this context (after a velar stop) may not have come about until sometime in the mid twentieth century.", "\n\nIn media\n A 1940 documentary film, part of John Nesbitt's Passing Parade series (MGM), recorded scenes from the life of the Seri on Tiburón Island, under the title \"Utopia of Death.\" ", "It uses film from the Harold Austin expedition, claiming that this was the first motion picture footage of the tribe. ", "http://ctva.biz/US/Documentary/PassingParade.htm\n The Seri figure in the plot of the Louis L'Amour novel Catlow (1963), made into a (1971) movie by the same name starring Yul Brynner, Richard Crenna, and Leonard Nimoy.", "\nA Seri family is featured in the final episode of La fuerza del destino (TV series) (2011).", "\n The Seri people are mentioned in the novel “The Savage Detectives” by Roberto Bolaño on page 621. ", "They are seen as a group of fishermen in the back of a pickup truck singing their song.", "\n\nNotes\n\nBibliography\n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n (online Spanish version)\n\nExternal links\n\n Essay by Edward W. Moser, The Seris\n A study of Seri place names\n The Seri Indians of Sonora Mexico\n Lengamer site\n Bibliography of Seri language and culture\n\nCategory:Indigenous peoples of Aridoamerica\nCategory:Indigenous peoples in Mexico\nCategory:Tiburón Island" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }

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[ "/**\n * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. ", " See the NOTICE file distributed with\n * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. ", " The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version\n * 2.0 (the \"License\"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. ", " You may obtain a copy of the License at\n *\n * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n *\n * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. ", "See the License for the specific language governing permissions\n * and limitations under the License.", "\n */\n\npackage org.apache.storm.container.cgroup.core;\n\nimport java.io.", "IOException;\nimport org.apache.storm.container.cgroup.", "CgroupUtils;\nimport org.apache.storm.container.cgroup.", "SubSystemType;\n\npublic class FreezerCore implements CgroupCore {\n\n public static final String FREEZER_STATE = \"/freezer.state\";\n\n private final String dir;\n\n public FreezerCore(String dir) {\n this.dir = dir;\n }\n\n @Override\n public SubSystemType getType() {\n return SubSystemType.freezer;\n }\n\n public State getState() throws IOException {\n return State.getStateValue(CgroupUtils.readFileByLine(CgroupUtils.getDir(this.dir, FREEZER_STATE)).get(0));\n }\n\n public void setState(State state) throws IOException {\n CgroupUtils.writeFileByLine(CgroupUtils.getDir(this.dir, FREEZER_STATE), state.name().toUpperCase());\n }\n\n public enum State {\n frozen, freezing, thawed;\n\n public static State getStateValue(String state) {\n if (state.equals(\"FROZEN\")) {\n return frozen;\n } else if (state.equals(\"FREEZING\")) {\n return freezing;\n } else if (state.equals(\"THAWED\")) {\n return thawed;\n } else {\n return null;\n }\n }\n }\n}\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Github" }

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[ "package cms.web.action.user;\r\n\r\nimport java.lang.annotation.", "Documented;\r\nimport java.lang.annotation.", "ElementType;\r\nimport java.lang.annotation.", "Retention;\r\nimport java.lang.annotation.", "RetentionPolicy;\r\nimport java.lang.annotation.", "Target;\r\n\r\nimport cms.bean.user.", "ResourceEnum;\r\n\r\n/**\r\n * 自定义角色注解\r\n * 注解参考： @RoleAnnotation(resourceCode=ResourceEnum._2001000)\r\n * 具体由cms.web.filter.", "TempletesInterceptor的方法处理\r\n */\r\n\r\n@Documented //注解是否将包含在JavaDoc中\r\n@Target(ElementType.", "METHOD)//注解声明在方法上\r\n@Retention(RetentionPolicy.", "RUNTIME) //注解的生命周期: 始终不会丢弃，运行期也保留该注解，因此可以使用反射机制读取该注解的信息\r\npublic @interface RoleAnnotation {\r\n\t//资源代码\r\n\tResourceEnum resourceCode();\r\n\t//ResourceEnum code() default ResourceEnum.no;\r\n}\r\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Github" }

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[ "Business Directories\n\nUAE to spend $14.6bn on fitout projects\n\nDubai, December 29, 2009\n\nThe UAE is expected to spend Dh53.8 billion ($14.64 billion) on interior design contracting and fit-outs by 2010, which reflects a significant increase from the 2008 levels, revealed a recent industry study.", "\n\nAmidst the recession, the UAE remains a leader in the region in the construction arena, accounting for 66 per cent of all new projects in the GCC, which are valued at an estimated $149 billion, the study added.", "\n\nEyeing the prospects within the burgeoning market, Danube Building Materials, a leader in construction, building materials and shop fitting industries, has announced plans to expand its Buildmart chain of retail stores and its range of design and interior products to leverage the burgeoning market.", "\n\nThe company has recently opened its newest Buildmart branch in Fujairah and in Dubai Festival City, which marks the company’s first-ever retail showroom in a mall, and has announced plans to open similar branches in Ibn Battuta Mall in Dubai, Dalma Mall in Abu Dhabi and Bawadi Mall in Al Ain.", "\n\n“As we anticipate the completion of many construction projects in the UAE, we are covering all bases by strengthening our range of design and interior products, which we expect to witness significant demand once these developments approach their final construction stages,” said Rizwan Sajan, chairman, Danube Building Materials.", "\n\n“The current market scenario bodes well for Buildmart, which we intend to build as a brand that offers the widest array of interior fittings and furniture to local customers. ", "We are confident that our plans for further expansion will be met with a positive response from the UAE and regional market,” he added.", "\n\nAs the country expects the completion of high-end and middle-income residential properties until 2012, Danube said it was gearing up to address the need for high-quality interior design products.", "\n\nThese include hard finishes such as floorings, ceilings and walls, which usually account for an average of 15 to 20 per cent of the total project value; and fit-outs including furniture and fixtures, electrical, kitchen and laundry works, which comprise an estimated 5 to 8 per cent, Sajan pointed out.", "\n\n“Leveraging our tremendous success across the country, we are currently finalising our plans for the launch of a flagship branch along Sheikh Zayed Road. ", "While expansion plans in the UAE continue to be one of our priorities, we are also actively seeking for new destinations for the Danube brand across the region, he added.-TradeArabia News Service" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }

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[ "This application claims the benefit of European Application No. ", "00402203.4, filed Aug. 2, 2000.", "\n1. ", "Field of the Invention\nThe present invention relates generally to a switching device for an optical communication system. ", "More particularly, the present invention is directed to a thermo-optical switch which can be integrated into a semi-conductor substrate.", "\n2. ", "Technical Background\nAs optical communication systems evolve, there is a growing demand for optical switching devices. ", "Integrated optical switching devices are optical components commonly used for building optical communication networks. ", "In order to realize an integrated optical switching device, several scientific principles and mechanisms may be used. ", "One such principle is the thermo-optic effect. ", "When this principle is applied to silica waveguides, the design of the device is usually based on a Mach-Zehnder interferometer. ", "The power response of the device is obtained by creating a path difference between the two optical waveguides of the interferometer. ", "This path difference is obtained by controlling the temperature difference between the two waveguides by way of metallic heaters. ", "Thus, the switch speed of the device depends on the kinetics of the thermal variation between the two waveguides.", "\nIntegrated optical switch devices are currently manufactured on a silicon substrate, instead of silica, in order to obtain a high switch speed due to the better diffusion of the heat in the silicon. ", "One or more silica glass waveguides are then formed on a surface of the silicon substrate. ", "The silica glass waveguide and the silicon substrate have different coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE). ", "This leads to stresses within the device including polarization dependence. ", "Moreover, it creates a warpage of the silicon wafer, generating concerns in both the photolithographic and the pigtailing processes.", "\nAccordingly, it is desirable to provide a technique for manufacturing integrated optical switch devices having a higher switching speed by building these switching devices on a silica substrate. ", "It is also desirable to provide an optical switch having integrated features which overcome the problems with optical switches manufactured on other types of substrates.", "\nIn accordance with the teachings of the present invention, an optical switch is disclosed. ", "The optical switch includes a substrate having a first surface and a second surface. ", "At least one optical waveguide is formed below the first surface of the substrate. ", "A heating element is disposed on the first surface of the substrate. ", "The heating element is also disposed in proximity to the at least one optical waveguide. ", "A cavity is formed in the second surface of the substrate. ", "The cavity is also disposed in proximity to the at least one optical waveguide. ", "A heat conductive material is disposed within the cavity.", "\nIt is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are merely exemplary of the invention, and are intended to provide an overview or framework for understanding the nature and character of the invention as it is claimed. ", "The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the invention, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification. ", "The drawings illustrate various features and embodiments of the invention, and together with the description serve to explain the principles and operation of the invention." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds" }

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[ "A review on bisphenol A occurrences, health effects and treatment process via membrane technology for drinking water.", "\nMassive utilization of bisphenol A (BPA) in the industrial production of polycarbonate plastics has led to the occurrence of this compound (at μg/L to ng/L level) in the water treatment plant. ", "Nowadays, the presence of BPA in drinking water sources is a major concern among society because BPA is one of the endocrine disruption compounds (EDCs) that can cause hazard to human health even at extremely low concentration level. ", "Parallel to these issues, membrane technology has emerged as the most feasible treatment process to eliminate this recalcitrant contaminant via physical separation mechanism. ", "This paper reviews the occurrences and effects of BPA toward living organisms as well as the application of membrane technology for their removal in water treatment plant. ", "The potential applications of using polymeric membranes for BPA removal are also discussed. ", "Literature revealed that modifying membrane surface using blending approach is the simple yet effective method to improve membrane properties with respect to BPA removal without compromising water permeability. ", "The regeneration process helps in maintaining the performances of membrane at desired level. ", "The application of large-scale membrane process in treatment plant shows the feasibility of the technology for removing BPA and possible future prospect in water treatment process." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }

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[ "Q:\n\nJava - Collection\n\nI'm working on my first java project and I have a question. ", "The question should be quiet simple (though the the code is not that short, but there's no reason to be intimidated :) ). ", "I create a basic roleplaying-game and I have an abstract class \"Character\" that defines each character. ", "Among its subclasses you can find Mage, who has a Spellbook (Map). ", "Spellbook class offers methods like addToSpellbook, that works fine. ", "In addition I have an Inventory class that has addToInventory method, which is quit identical to addToSpellbook. ", "\nMy question is as follows - why can I use In the main method addToSpellbook and can't use AddToInventory? ", "\nI guess the reason is that Map doesn't have AddToInventory, so I should override put, but still, how can I use addToSpellbook ?", "\npublic class Game {\npublic static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {\n\n CharacterCreator heroCreator = new CharacterCreator();\n CharacterCreator.showAllClasses();\n\n Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);\n int scan = sc.nextInt();\n String chosenClass = CharacterCreator.getCharacterClass(scan);\n Character hero = CharacterCreator.createCharacter(chosenClass);\n try {\n hero.displayCharacter();\n }catch (Exception e){\n System.out.println(\"Problem displaying character data\");\n }\n\n hero.getInventory().addToInventory(\"Long sword\");\n\n CharacterCreator heroCreator2 = new CharacterCreator();\n CharacterCreator.showAllClasses();\n\n Scanner sc2 = new Scanner(System.in);\n int scan2 = sc.nextInt();\n String chosenClass2 = CharacterCreator.getCharacterClass(scan2);\n Character hero2 = CharacterCreator.createCharacter(chosenClass2);\n try {\n hero2.displayCharacter();\n }catch (Exception e){\n System.out.println(\"Wrong input\");\n }\n\n if(hero instanceof Mage) {\n ((Mage)hero).getSpellBook().addToSpellBook(\"Magic Missiles\");\n ((Mage)hero).getSpellBook().addToSpellBook(\"Fireball\");\n ((Mage)hero).getSpellBook().addToSpellBook(\"Mage Armor\");\n\n ((Mage)hero).getSpellBook().showSpellBook();\n ((Mage)hero).getSpellBook().getSpellFromSpellbook(\"Fireball\").castSpell(hero, hero2);\n ((Mage)hero).getSpellBook().getSpellFromSpellbook(\"Magic Missiles\").castSpell(hero, hero2);\n ((Mage)hero).getSpellBook().getSpellFromSpellbook(\"Mage Armor\").castSpell(hero, hero);\n\n }\n\n}\n\n}\n\nabstract public class Character {\n\nprivate Equipment equipment;\n\nprivate Map<String, Integer> inventory;\n\nprotected Character(String name){\n\n equipment = new Equipment();\n\n inventory = new HashMap<String, Integer>();\n\n}\n\nprotected Character(String name, int lvl){\n\n equipment = new Equipment();\n\n inventory = new HashMap<String, Integer>();\n\n}\n\n}\n\npublic Equipment getEquipment() { return equipment; }\npublic Map getInventory() { return inventory; }\n\n}\n\npublic class Inventory {\n\nprivate Map<String,Integer> inventory;\n\nInventory() {\n\n inventory = new HashMap<String, Integer>();\n}\n\npublic void addToInventory(String item) {\n\n boolean found = false;\n\n try {\n for (Iterator<Map.", "Entry<String, Integer>> iter = inventory.entrySet().iterator(); iter.hasNext(); ) {\n Map.", "Entry<String, Integer> newItem = iter.next();\n if (newItem.getKey() == item) {\n inventory.put(item, inventory.get(newItem) + 1);\n break;\n }\n }\n }catch (Exception e) {\n System.out.println(item + \" : adding failed\");\n }\n\n if (!", "found) {\n inventory.put(item,1);\n }\n\n}\n\npublic void showInventory() {\n\n System.out.println(\"Show Inventory: \");\n\n for (Map.", "Entry<String,Integer> entry: inventory.entrySet()) {\n System.out.println( entry.getKey() + \", quantity: \" + entry.getValue() );\n }\n System.out.println(\"\");\n}\n\n}\n\npublic class Mage extends Character {\n\nprivate SpellBook spellBook;\n\npublic Mage(String name) {\n\n super(name);\n\n SpellBook spellbook = new SpellBook();\n\n}\n\nprotected Mage(String name, int lvl){\n\n super(name, lvl);\n\n spellBook = new SpellBook();\n\n}\n\npublic SpellBook getSpellBook() { return spellBook; }\n\n}\n\n}\n\npublic class SpellBook {\n\nprivate Map<String, Spell> spellBook;\n\nSpellBook() {\n\n spellBook = new HashMap<String, Spell>();\n}\n\npublic Map getSpellBook() { return spellBook; }\n\npublic void addToSpellBook(String spellName) {\n\n Spell newSpell = null;\n\n try {\n\n if (DamageSpell.getSpell(spellName) !", "= null) {\n newSpell = DamageSpell.getSpell(spellName);\n } else if (ChangeStatSpell.getSpell(spellName) !", "= null) {\n newSpell = ChangeStatSpell.getSpell(spellName);\n }\n\n System.out.println(newSpell.getSpellName() + \" has been added to the spellbook\");\n spellBook.put(newSpell.getSpellName(), newSpell);\n\n } catch (Exception e){\n System.out.println(\"Adding \" + spellName +\"to spellbook has failed\");\n }\n\n}\n\npublic void showSpellBook() {\n\n System.out.println(\"Show spellbook: \");\n\n for (Iterator<String> iter = spellBook.keySet().iterator(); iter.hasNext(); ) {\n String spell = iter.next();\n System.out.println(spell);\n }\n System.out.println(\"\");\n}\n\npublic Spell getSpellFromSpellbook(String spellName) {\n\n Spell spl = null;\n\n //Spell splGet = spellBook.get(spellName); /* straight forward implementation*/\n // System.out.println(\"The spell \" + splGet.getSpellName() + \" has been retrived from the spellbook by using get method\");\n\n try {\n for (Iterator<Map.", "Entry<String, Spell>> iter = spellBook.entrySet().iterator(); iter.hasNext(); ) {\n Map.", "Entry<String, Spell> spell = iter.next();\n if (spell.getKey() == spellName) {\n spl = spell.getValue();\n }\n }\n }catch (Exception e) {\n System.out.println(spellName + \" : no such spell in spellbook\");\n }\n return spl;\n\n}\n\n}\n\nA:\n\ngetInventory() returns a Map and Map doesn't have the addToInventory() method.", "\ngetInventory() should add an Inventory instance.", "\n\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "StackExchange" }

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[ "Grassmann's laws (color science)\n\nGrassmann's laws describe empirical results about how the perception of mixtures of colored lights (i.e., lights that co-stimulate the same area on the retina) composed of different spectral power distributions can be algebraically related to one another in a color matching context. ", "Discovered by Hermann Grassmann these \"laws\" are actually principles used to predict color match responses to a good approximation under photopic and mesopic vision. ", " A number of studies have examined how and why they provide poor predictions under specific conditions.", "\n\nModern interpretation\n\nThe four laws are described in modern texts with varying degrees of algebraic notation and are summarized as follows (the precise numbering and corollary definitions can vary across sources):\n\nThese laws entail an algebraic representation of colored light. ", "Assuming beam 1 and 2 each have a color, and the observer chooses as the strengths of the primaries that match beam 1 and as the strengths of the primaries that match beam 2, then if the two beams were combined, the matching values will be the sums of the components. ", "Precisely, they will be , where:\n\nGrassmann's laws can be expressed in general form by stating that for a given color with a spectral power distribution the RGB coordinates are given by:\n\nObserve that these are linear in ; the functions are the color matching functions with respect to the chosen primaries.", "\n\nSee also \n\n Color space\n CIE 1931 color space\n\nReferences \n\nCategory:Color\nCategory:Visual system" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }

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[ "What Gets Measured Gets Done - Suzann Foerster\n\nPosted by Suzann on March 29, 2017.", "\n\nPractice, Practice, Practice.", "\n\nThis is my mantra daily to clients that want to develop or change behaviors. ", "Many behaviors are automatic reactions & habitual in nature. ", "By consistently practicing new behaviors & actions, we can train our brain to do it differently. ", "And what’s cool about consistent practice is we develop a new habit – & habits are a great hack.", "\n\nHabits & routines are stored in a part of the brain that requires less cognitive effort – therefore leaving us brain energy for more important tasks.", "\n\nMeasure, Measure, Measure.", "\n\nA powerful strategy in enforcing your new habits more quickly is to measure them. ", "What behavior are you practicing? ", "Track it everyday and see the power of the measure. ", "Check out these tools we’ve gathered for creative & fun ways to measure, track and ultimately develop new habits. ", "Whether you like tech, games or hand-written tools, we have something that will work for you.", "\n\nWant more ideas? ", "Check out Michael Hyatt’s blog for his thoughts on when & how to use habits to achieve your goals.", "\n\nLet Us Help.", "\n\nWe want to know how this goes! ", "Email us on your progress & let us know what we can do to support you on making your habits stick." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }

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[ "Rebecca Jarrett\n\nRebecca Jarrett (1846–1928) was a former English prostitute and procuress who, with reformer and newspaper editor William Thomas Stead, fought against child prostitution and white slavery during the late 19th century.", "\n\nBiography\nJarrett was the youngest of seven children. ", "Her father deserted the family and she was raised by her alcoholic mother, who prostituted her in London at the age of 12 (the then age of consent). ", "Child prostitution was common at the time. ", "Virgins commended a higher price as in the days before antibiotics, the risk of catching an STI was greatly reduced.", "\n\nShe supported herself by prostitution and later becoming a brothel-keeper procuring girls and women to work for her. ", "She tried to leave the world of prostitution several times, but whilst she lived in London she was lured back into this lifestyle. ", "At age 36, by now an alcoholic and gravely ill, Jarrett was taken in by Florence Booth of the London Salvation Army. ", "Jarrett prayed to \"be a good woman and truly break away from the drink\".", "\n\nWinchester\nJarrett was sent to Josephine Butler's \"House of Rest\" in Winchester in 1885 where she became involved in rescue work. ", "With her knowledge of prostitution and brothels, she went into dangerous areas and persuaded women and girls to come with her to Winchester where she helped care for them. ", "Boys were also rescued and cared for at Winchester. ", "Jarrett also sought out young women in Portsmouth public houses.", "\n\nEliza Armstrong Case\n\nIn June 1885, Bramwell Booth took Jarrett to meet W.T Stead. ", "She helped Stead in obtaining a 13-year-old Eliza Armstrong from her mother, making sure the mother was well aware of their supposed 'purposes', and had her taken to a local midwife before being sent to a London brothel.", "\n\nPosing as a rich businessman, Stead visited the brothel and had the girl drugged before she was brought to him (from where he had the girl taken to a Salvation Army home in France). ", "Following a series of articles published by Stead in the Pall Mall Gazette, entitled The Maiden Tribute of Modern Babylon, which received an immediate public outcry resulting in the beginnings of the Social purity movement as rallies were held across the country and a petition sent to the House of Commons. ", "However, despite public support behind them, both she and Stead were arrested on charges of abduction and indecent assault (possibly arranged by George Cavendish-Bentinck) and Jarrett was imprisoned for six months.", "\n\nAfter her release from Millbank Prison, she comtinued with her rescue work with the Salvation Army. ", "Initially she returned to Winchester, but later returned to Florence Booth's care at 259 Mare Street, Hackney, where she remained until her death in early 1928.", "\n\nReferences\n\nBibliography\n\nExternal links\nVictorians Uncovered: Virgin Trade\nRebecca Jarrett's Narrative, Salvation Army Heritage Centre \nPassing of Rebecca Jarrett\n\nCategory:1846 births\nCategory:1928 deaths\nCategory:English activists\nCategory:English women activists\nCategory:English criminals\nCategory:English female prostitutes" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }

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[ "PropBlueprint {\n Categories = {\n 'RECLAIMABLE',\n },\n Defense = {\n Health = 50,\n MaxHealth = 50,\n },\n Display = {\n Mesh = {\n IconFadeInZoom = 4,\n LODs = {\n {\n -- share other rock's albedo and specteam\n LODCutoff = 500,\n ShaderName = 'NormalMappedTerrain',\n },\n },\n },\n UniformScale = 0.08,\n },\n Economy = {\n ReclaimEnergyMax = 0,\n ReclaimMassMax = 5,\n ReclaimTime = 5,\n },\n Footprint = {\n OccupancyCaps = 0,\n },\n Interface = {\n HelpText = 'Ice Crystal',\n },\n Physics = {\n BlockPath = false,\n },\n SizeX = 0.75,\n SizeY = 0.75,\n SizeZ = 0.75,\n}\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Github" }

[ 0.0007989789010025561 ]

[ "<?", "php\n/*\n * This file is part of the feed-io package.", "\n *\n * (c) Alexandre Debril <alex.debril@gmail.com>\n *\n * For the full copyright and license information, please view the LICENSE\n * file that was distributed with this source code.", "\n */\n\nnamespace FeedIo\\Adapter\\FileSystem;\n\nuse \\PHPUnit\\Framework\\TestCase;\n\nclass ClientTest extends TestCase\n{\n\n /**\n * @var \\FeedIo\\Adapter\\FileSystem\\Client\n */\n protected $object;\n\n protected function setUp()\n {\n $this->object = new Client();\n }\n\n public function testGetResponse()\n {\n $response = $this->object->getResponse(\n __DIR__.'/../../../samples/sample-atom.xml',\n new \\DateTime()\n );\n $this->assertInstanceOf('\\FeedIo\\Adapter\\ResponseInterface', $response);\n\n $this->assertEquals(file_get_contents(__DIR__.'/../../../samples/sample-atom.xml'), $response->getBody());\n\n $this->assertEquals(array(), $response->getHeaders());\n $this->assertEquals([], $response->getHeader('name'));\n $this->assertInstanceOf('\\DateTime', $response->getLastModified());\n }\n\n /**\n * @expectedException \\FeedIo\\Adapter\\NotFoundException\n */\n public function testGetNotFound()\n {\n $client = new Client();\n $client->getResponse('/opt/nowhere.xml', new \\DateTime());\n }\n}\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Github" }

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[ "Q:\n\nPassengerPoolIdleTime being ignored by Passenger\n\nI've followed the instructions outlined in this answer to prevent Passenger from shutting down my app after not being used for a few minutes. ", "However, none of this has worked.", "\nIf I refresh my website (which is just served locally on my Mac on Apache) after about 1 minute, it takes it about 6 seconds to load. ", "After that long load, the site is now fast and everything is good. ", "If I let it sit for another minute, refreshing again takes another 6 seconds.", "\nHere is my /etc/apache2/other/Passenger.conf file:\nLoadModule passenger_module /Users/maq/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p247/gems/passenger-4.0.14/buildout/apache2/mod_passenger.so\nPassengerRoot /Users/maq/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p247/gems/passenger-4.0.14\nPassengerDefaultRuby /Users/maq/.rvm/wrappers/ruby-2.0.0-p247/ruby\n\nPassengerSpawnMethod smart\nPassengerPoolIdleTime 1000\nRailsAppSpawnerIdleTime 0\nPassengerMaxRequests 5000\n\nPassengerMaxPoolSize 30\nPassengerMinInstances 1\nPassengerEnabled on\n\nAnd I have restarted Apache after changing all these settings. ", "\nAny ideas what else it could be?", "\nUpdate:\nI tried going the cron job route, where I run a cron job every minute to access the web page and make sure it stays alive. ", "Interestingly enough, this does not work either. ", "\nIt accesses the web page properly, and I see in my logs that the page is being accessed every minute, however every time I try to access it in the browser after a minute or so of user-generated activity, there is that 6 second load up. ", "What can this be?", "\nNote: I am using Rails 4.0.", "\n\nA:\n\nIt turns out the cause of my issues was not Passenger, but Apache and DNS.", "\nIt's a Mac OSX issue, and you can find out more about the problem/solution here:\nhttp://clauswitt.com/fixing-slow-dns-queries-in-os-x-lion.html\nBasically, if you have an entry in your /etc/hosts file called:\n127.0.0.1 railsapp.local\n\nyou need to add its IPv6 counterpart so that the system doesn't go performing a remote DNS query:\nfe80::1%lo0 railsapp.local\n\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "StackExchange" }

[ 0.0008056643418967724, 0.0009027145570144057, 0.0007543622050434351, 0.0006184805533848703, 0.0006031940574757755, 0.0008996512042358518, 0.0007142863469198346, 0.0006779155228286982, 0.0007789948140271008, 0.0006060370360501111, 0.0009495694539509714, 0.0006233761669136584, 0.0007601329707540572, 0.0008482144330628216 ]

[ "Phototolerance induced by narrow-band UVB phototherapy in severe erythropoietic protoporphyria.", "\nErythropoietic protoporphyria arises from an inherited disorder of porphyrin metabolism which leads to an accumulation of protoporphyrin IX in the erythropoietic system and other tissues. ", "It is characterized by cutaneous photosensitivity, usually difficult to keep under control. ", "Among the scant therapeutic options proposed to reduce photosensitivity in erythropoietic protoporphyria, narrow-band UVB phototherapy has occasionally been used to induce sunlight tolerance. ", "We report an adult case of erythropoietic protoporphyria with a severe photosensitivity treated with narrow-band UVB that developed an appropriate sunlight phototolerance, without adverse events during phototherapy." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }

[ 0.0008874873747117817, 0.0009292149916291237, 0.0006090597016736865, 0.0006801756680943072, 0.0006866466719657183 ]

[ "\n714 F.Supp. ", "714 (1989)\nJosephine VARGAS, Martin Ellerbee, Marion Gargiulo, Joann Wheeler, Janice Sellers, Maria Rivera, Margarita Gonzalez, Plaintiffs,\nv.\nChristine CALABRESE, individually and in her official capacity as former Chairperson of the Hudson County Board of Elections, Frank Caleca, Lee S. Lichtenberger, the Hudson County Superintendent of Elections, Harvey L. Birne, as Hudson County Superintendent of Elections, Gerald McCann, individually and in his official capacity as former Mayor of the City of Jersey City, Matthew Burns, John Finn, Mark Munley, Defendants,\nGerald McCANN, Mark Munley, John J. Finn, Matthew Burns, Defendant Third-party Plaintiffs,\nv.\nNATIONAL UNION FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY OF PITTSBURGH, PA., ", "Third-party Defendant.", "\nGerald McCANN, Defendant Third-party Plaintiff,\nv.\nJ.R. INSURANCE BROKERAGE, INC., ", "Third-party Defendant.", "\nCiv. ", "A. No. ", "85-4725.", "\nUnited States District Court, D. New Jersey.", "\nJune 1, 1989.", "\n*715 Joseph Healy by Joseph Healy, Jersey City, N.J., for defendant third-party plaintiff Gerald McCann.", "\nRobinson, Wayne & LaSala by Dorothy J. Nemetz, Newark, N.J., for defendant third-party plaintiff Matthew Burns.", "\nBruinooge & Associates by Thomas H. Bruinooge, John Patrick Oroho, Rutherford, N.J., for defendant third-party plaintiff Mark Munley.", "\nWilliamson & Rehill by Donald J. Williamson, Westwood, N.J., for defendant third-party plaintiff John J. Finn.", "\nGarrity, Fitzpatrick, Graham, Hawkins & Favetta, P.A. by Walter J. Krako, Anthony J. Marino, Bloomfield, N.J., for third-party defendant Nat. ", "Union Fire Ins. ", "Co. of Pittsburgh, Pa.\nSheehy & Sheehy by John J. Sheehy, Jersey City, N.J., for J.R. Ins. ", "Brokerage Co.\n\nOPINION\nDEBEVOISE, District Judge.", "\nThis matter involves motions by defendant third-party plaintiffs Gerald McCann, Mark Munley, John J. Finn and Matthew Burns against third-party defendant National Union Fire Insurance Company of Pittsburgh, PA (\"NUFI\") for summary judgment pursuant to Fed.", "R.Civ.", "P. 56 or, alternatively, for a declaratory judgment pursuant to Fed.", "R.Civ.", "P. 57 that NUFI is obligated to defend and indemnify them in this action. ", "NUFI, in turn, cross-moves for summary judgment as to McCann, Munley, Finn and Burns, or seeks, in the alternative, a declaratory judgment that it has no obligation to defend or indemnify the defendant third-party plaintiffs. ", "In addition, third-party defendant J.R. Insurance Brokerage, Inc. (\"J.R.\") moves for summary judgment on defendant third-party plaintiff McCann's complaint against it and McCann, in turn, cross-moves for summary judgment against J.R. Burns opposes J.R.'s motion for summary judgment.", "\n\nI. Introduction\nThis case involves the interpretation of a standard broad form comprehensive general liability insurance policy that was apparently drafted to cover commercial risks and in this case issued by the insurer to cover the activities of three political organizations associated with the reelection of Gerald McCann as Mayor of Jersey City. ", "The parties' arguments seemingly present the court with a choice between the defendant third-party plaintiffs' tortured interpretation of the policy provisions and the third-party defendant insurer's strictissimi juris approach to the same language and rather disingenuous protestations that it did not have complete knowledge of the insureds' activities. ", "This case is admittedly a close one and for that reason alone, if no other, favors the insureds.", "\n\nII. ", "Background of the Dispute\nIn April 1985, Mayor Gerald McCann of the City of Jersey City ran for reelection against Anthony Cucci and two others. ", "No candidate obtained a majority of the votes cast. ", "Under the laws governing mayoral contests in Jersey City, a run-off election was scheduled in June between the two highest vote getters, McCann, who received 46% of the vote and Cucci who received 49%.[1]\nCucci apparently enjoyed broad-based support among the black and Hispanic neighborhoods in the city. ", "The complaint alleges that in preparation for his rematch with Cucci, McCann with the advice of Finn, who was brought in as a consultant to the campaign, and Munley, who was then the city Director of Housing and Economic Development, developed a strategy to undercut Cucci's strength that would impede or prevent voting in the election districts in neighborhoods that were heavily black or Hispanic.", "\nIn general the plan, by design or in effect, had six major components, in which *716 some or all of the defendant third-party plaintiffs involved in this motion are alleged to have participated. ", "First, letters were forwarded to residents of public housing projects tenanted by blacks and Hispanics informing them unless their names appeared on their apartment leases they would be unable to vote and would be prosecuted for doing so. ", "Second, some five to six thousand names were placed on the challenge list without notification to these individuals and despite the fact that, although the list was purportedly drawn from the names of voters whose sample ballots had been returned as undeliverable, some of the listed individuals received sample ballots at their home addresses.", "\nThird, by virtue of his position as Chairman of the Hudson County Democratic Party, McCann was permitted in practice to select election district members who would, among other things, serve as challengers in the local polling places. ", "McCann used this privilege to appoint off-duty Jersey City policemen to this function in heavily black and Hispanic voting districts. ", "These officers allegedly harassed eligible voters and prevented them from casting ballots. ", "Fourth, instructions were provided to all district board members directing them to prevent any individual whose name appeared on the challenge list from voting unless the voter produced a current lease, if the voter was a resident in public housing, or a phone, gas or electric bill in the voter's name.", "\nFifth, color-coded lists of names used to challenge prospective voters on the basis of race were allegedly prepared and sixth, there was a failure to provide adequate bilingual assistance both at polling places and at the courthouse for those individuals that attempted to obtain court orders permitting them to vote.", "\nFinn allegedly authored and distributed the instruction sheet for all McCann campaign workers instructing them to accept only utility bills, or for individuals in public housing, only a current lease displaying the voter's name. ", "These instructions conflicted with normal voting procedures used in the county. ", "With Munley, Finn is also alleged to have held training sessions with the McCann-appointed election district board members. ", "Burns served as counsel to the campaign and allegedly coordinated the work of campaign workers who procured documentation of voter fraud and the use of police officers to serve as district election board members in black and Hispanic neighborhoods.", "\nPlaintiffs are a class of black and Hispanic voters who were allegedly prevented or discouraged from voting in the June 11, 1985 run-off election. ", "In addition to the factual averments recited above, their second amended complaint sets out no fewer than thirteen separate causes of action arising under the Ku Klux Klan Act of 1861, 42 U.S.C. sec. ", "1983, the Civil Rights Act of 1866, 42 U.S.C. sec. ", "1985, and the Voting Rights Act of 1965, 42 U.S.C. sec. ", "1971 et seq. ", "Plaintiffs seek equitable, declaratory and compensatory relief. ", "In an opinion and order entered on May 14, 1986, I certified the plaintiff class. ", "Vargas v. Calabrese, 634 F.Supp. ", "910 (D.N.J.1986).", "\nOther individuals initially joined as defendants, members of the Hudson County Board of Elections, were dismissed on motions for summary judgment on various dates. ", "As this rather involved case lumbers on toward the four-year milestone, the remaining defendants and the insurer have obviously started to reflect on the possibility of settlement and/or become anxious about who will end-up paying the judgment if one is ultimately entered in plaintiffs' favor. ", "I turn now to consideration of the events that led up to the purchase of the insurance policy and the policy itself.", "\n\nIII. ", "The Insurance Policy\nIn the summer of 1984 McCann and his supporters formed an entity which they named the \"Democratic Dinner Committee, Fall 1984.\" ", "Burns served as treasurer of this committee. ", "In the late summer or early fall of 1984, two additional committees were formed, \"Professionals for McCann, Inc.\", which was an incorporated group organized to raise funds and generate support among city professionals, and \"McCann in 85\", which was apparently the *717 major organizational group for the McCann campaign. ", "Burns was an incorporator and trustee of the first group and sometime counsel to the second, in each case as a volunteer.", "\nOn August 1, 1984, Jay Hamill an associate at the law firm of Keane, Brady & Hanlon, where Burns worked and who was, like Burns, providing volunteer legal services to the McCann campaign, wrote to Robert Feely of J.R. asking that Professionals for McCann be added as an additional insured to an existing insurance policy covering the Democratic Dinner Committee, Fall 1984. ", "In December 1984 Hamill requested that Feely also add the McCann in 85 group as an additional insured under the same policy.", "\nIn November 1984 Feely apparently advised Hamill that it would be beneficial to obtain a new policy covering all three organizations. ", "Hamill concurred and authorized Feely to obtain a new policy. ", "Hamill stated the he told Feely that wanted a \"policy that covered everybody who worked on the campaign for anything that arose out of the campaign.\" ", "Oroho Affidavit Exhibit A, Hamill Deposition at 20, 23. ", "Hamill wrote an interoffice memorandum to Burns noting that the new policy's coverage limit was $1,000,000 and that the new policy \"broadens the coverage somewhat.\" ", "See Burns Affidavit, Exhibit 4.", "\nFeely went to Edward Johnson of Johnson Excess, Ltd. to obtain underwriting. ", "Under a managing general agency agreement with NUFI, Johnson Excess was permitted to write up to $1,000,000 of General Comprehensive Liability coverage on behalf of NUFI. ", "Williamson Affidavit Exhibit 13, Johnson Deposition at 83; Oroho Affidavit Exhibit L, General Agency Agreement, Addendum A. Johnson and his underwriter, Daniel Winneg, wrote a General Comprehensive Liability policy with a Broad Form Endorsement. ", "Johnson states in his affidavit that he understood that the policy would cover volunteers and that the insured organizations would be engaged in attempting to raise money and garner votes. ", "Williamson Affidavit Exhibit 13, Johnson Deposition at 46, 61, 65. ", "Johnson characterized the resulting policy and endorsement as the broadest coverage that Johnson Excess was permitted to write under the terms of the Johnson Excess-NUFI managing general agent agreement. ", "Id. at 120. ", "Since there were no established ratings for this risk and since Johnson Excess was apparently limited to the use of a form policy, the risk was analogized to that of a sales and service organization for purposes of setting a premium. ", "Id. at 92, 94, 97. ", "After the policy was drawn up it was forwarded to NUFI for review according to the terms of Johnson Excess' underwriting agreement. ", "NUFI received and reviewed the policy, but did not make any comments to Johnson Excess or direct Johnson Excess to issue a notice of cancellation. ", "Id. at 45; Williamson Affidavit Exhibit 14, NUFI's Response to Requests for Admission No. ", "18.", "\nNUFI Policy No. ", "S995-62-22 was issued on December 26, 1984 and made effective retroactively to November 15, 1984 for the named insureds Democratic Dinner Committee of 1985 and Professionals for McCann, and, by a later endorsement on March 3, 1985, to the Democratic Dinner Committee, Fall 1984.", "\nThe amendatory endorsement to the policy limits coverage to $1,000,000 for each occurrence and aggregate of bodily injury and property damage. ", "The policy defines \"bodily injury\" as\nbodily injury, sickness or disease sustained by any person which occurs during the policy period, including death at any time resulting therefrom ...\n\"Occurrence\" is defined as \"an accident, including continuous or repeated exposure to conditions, which results in bodily injury or property damage neither expected nor intended from the standpoint of the insured.\" (", "emphasis supplied).", "\nThe Broad Form Comprehensive General Liability Endorsement provides in part:\nII. ", "PERSONAL INJURY AND ADVERTISING INJURY LIABILITY COVERAGE\n(A) The company will pay on behalf of the insured all sums which the insured shall become legally obligated to pay as *718 damages because of personal injury or advertising injury to which this insurance applies, sustained by any person or organization and arising out of the conduct of the named insured's business, within the policy territory, and the company shall have the right and duty to defend any suit against the insured seeking damages on account of such injury, even if any of the allegations of the suit are groundless, false or fraudulent, and may make such investigation and settlement of any claim or suit as it deems expedient, but the company shall not be obligated to pay any claim or judgment or to defend any suit after the applicable limit of the company's liability has been exhausted by payment of judgments or settlements.", "\nAdvertising and personal injury are defined as follows:\n\"Advertising injury\" means injury arising out of an offense committed during the policy period occurring in the course of the named insured's advertising activities, if such injury arises out of libel, slander, defamation, violation of right of privacy, piracy, unfair competition, or infringement of copyright, title or slogan. \"", "Personal injury\" means injury arising out of one or more of the following offenses committed during the policy period:\n1. ", "false arrest, detention, imprisonment, or malicious prosecution;\n2. ", "wrongful entry or eviction or other invasion of the right of private occupancy;\n3. ", "a publication or utterance\n(a) of a libel or slander or other defamatory or disparaging material, or\n(b) in violation of an individual's right of privacy; except publications or utterances in the course of or related to advertising, broadcasting, publishing or telecasting activities conducted by or on behalf of the the named insured shall not be deemed personal injury.", "\nBy letter dated February 14, 1985, Feely transmitted the new policy to Hamill. ", "As the mayoral election approached, Burns asked Hamill to clarify that the policy covered all campaign workers and any actions for libel and slander. ", "Burns Affidavit Exhibit 8 (memorandum from Burns to Hamill). ", "Hamill states that he called Feely and that Feely assured him that libel and slander would be covered and that the policy would cover \"all individuals working on the campaign.\" ", "Oroho Affidavit Exhibit A, Hamill Deposition at 33-34.[2] Hamill then wrote Feely stating that it was his understanding that \"[libel] and slander are covered by this policy for those who are working for the covered committees and performing services related thereto\" and that the policy \"covers all individuals working on the campaigns which involve the covered committees.\" ", "If either of these assertions were \"inaccurate or incomplete\", Hamill advised Feely to contact him. ", "Burns Affidavit, Exhibit 9.", "\nFeely substantially corroborates Hamill's account. ", "He states in an affidavit that Hamill called him on March 5, 1985 to confirm that the policy covered actions for libel and slander and Hamill told him the policy did provide that coverage. ", "Feely said that Hamill sent him a letter dated on March 5th \"confirming\" that understanding and \"reaffirm[ing] our understanding that the policy would cover all individuals working on the campaign.\" ", "Feely Affidavit, paras. ", "9, 10.", "\nBurns states in his affidavit that in addition, \"sometime in January or February of 1985\" he spoke with Feely on the phone on \"one or more occasions\" and asked whether the policy would provide coverage for \"claims of civil rights violations.\" ", "Burns Affidavit para. ", "10. ", "Burns states that Feely reported to him that \"the policy did provide such coverage.\" ", "Id. Feely neither confirms nor denies Burns' account.", "\n\nIV. ", "Discussion\nSummary judgment is only appropriate where the moving party establishes that *719 \"there is no genuine issue of material fact and that [it] is entitled to a judgment as a matter of law.\" ", "Fed.", "R.Civ.", "P. 56(c). ", "Once the moving party has carried its burden under Rule 56, \"its opponent must do more than simply show that there is some metaphysical doubt as to the material facts in question.\" ", "Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. v. Zenith Radio Corp., 475 U.S. 574, 106 S.Ct. ", "1348, 89 L.Ed.2d 538 (1986), rev'g. ", "723 F.2d 238 (3d Cir.1983). ", "The opposing party must set forth specific facts showing a genuine issue for trial and may not rest upon the mere allegations or denials of its pleadings. ", "Sound Ship Building Co. v. Bethlehem Steel Co., 533 F.2d 96, 99 (3d Cir.) ", "cert. ", "denied, 429 U.S. 860, 97 S.Ct. ", "161, 50 L.Ed.2d 137 (1976). ", "The Supreme Court has explained that in evaluating the evidence presented, \"[w]here the record taken as a whole could not lead a rational trier of fact to find for the non-moving party, there is no `genuine issue for trial.'\" ", "Matsushita, 475 U.S. at 574, 106 S.Ct. ", "at 1348. ", "All evidence must be viewed in a light most favorable to the party opposing the motion. ", "Wahl v. Rexnord, 624 F.2d 1169, 1181 (3d Cir.1980). ", "When ruling on a summary judgment motion the court must also consider the relevant burdens of proof at trial. ", "Celotex Corp. v. Catrett, 477 U.S. 317, 322-24, 106 S.Ct. ", "2548, 2552-53, 91 L.Ed.2d 265 (1986). ", "See also Anderson v. Liberty Lobby, Inc., 477 U.S. 242, 106 S.Ct. ", "2505, 91 L.Ed.2d 202 (1986). ", "These standards will be applied to the instant motions.", "\nIn construing matters of state law in pendent claims or in state law matters otherwise subsidiary to its federal question jurisdiction, a federal court exercising federal question jurisdiction, like a federal court sitting in diversity, is duty-bound to apply the law of the state in which it sits. ", "See Maternally Yours, Inc. v. Your Maternity Shop, Inc., 234 F.2d 538, 540-41 n. 1 (2d Cir.1956) (\"... it is the source of the right sued upon, and not the ground on which federal jurisdiction over the case is founded, which determines the governing law.\") (", "emphasis by the court); International Order of Job's Daughters v. Lindeburg & Co., 633 F.2d 912, 915 (9th Cir. ", "1980), cert. ", "denied, 452 U.S. 941, 101 S.Ct. ", "3086, 69 L.Ed.2d 956 (1981). ", "The parties agree that New Jersey law governs the interpretation of the policy.", "\nUnder New Jersey law, whenever a complaint against an insured falls within the parameters of coverage, the insurer must provide a defense. ", "Ohio Casualty Ins. ", "Co. v. Flanagin, 44 N.J. 504, 512, 210 A.2d 221 (1965); Danek v. Hommer, 28 N.J.Super. ", "68, 77, 100 A.2d 198 (App.", "Div.1953), aff'd, 15 N.J. 573, 105 A.2d 677 (1954). ", "The complaint must \"be laid along side the policy and the test is whether the allegations of that complaint, upon its face, fall within the risk insured against.\" ", "Ohio Casualty, supra, 44 N.J. at 512, 210 A.2d 221; see also Sandoz, Inc. v. Employers Liability Assurance Corp., 554 F.Supp. ", "257, 267 (D.N.J.1983); Danek, supra, 28 N.J.Super. ", "at 77, 100 A.2d 198; Deodato v. Hartford Ins. ", "Co., 143 N.J.Super. ", "396, 400-01, 363 A.2d 361 (Law Div.1976), aff'd, 154 N.J.Super. ", "263, 381 A.2d 354 (1977). ", "New Jersey courts have long held that when a dispute as to coverage arises, insurance policies \"should be construed liberally in ... favor [of the insured] to the end that coverage is afforded `to the full extent that any fair interpretation will allow'\". ", "Kievit v. Loyal Protective Life Ins. ", "Co., 34 N.J. 475, 482, 170 A.2d 22 (1961), quoting Danek, supra, 28 N.J.Super. ", "at 76, 100 A.2d 198.", "\nCourts that have for decades strained to give reasonable meaning to ambiguous terms selected by insurers have taken to resolving these ambiguities against the drafters. ", "Sparks v. St. Paul Ins. ", "Co., 100 N.J. 325, 495 A.2d 406 (1985). ", "The New Jersey Supreme Court has consistently ruled that ambiguities in insurance contracts are to be interpreted in accord with the \"reasonable expectations of the parties.\" ", "E.g., Werner Indus., ", "Inc. v. First State Ins. ", "Co., 112 N.J. 30, 35, 548 A.2d 188 (1988); Meier v. New Jersey Life Ins. ", "Co., 101 N.J. 597, 611-12, 503 A.2d 862 (1986); Sparks, supra, 100 N.J. at 338, 495 A.2d 406; Zuckerman v. National Union Fire Ins. ", "Co., 100 N.J. 304, 320-21, 495 A.2d 395 (1985); DiOrio v. New Jersey Manuf. ", "Ins. ", "Co., 79 N.J. 257, 269, 398 A.2d *720 1274 (1979); Gerhardt v. Continental Ins. ", "Cos., ", "48 N.J. 291, 291, 225 A.2d 328 (1966); Allen v. Metropolitan Life Ins. ", "Co., 44 N.J. 294, 305, 208 A.2d 638 (1965); Kievit, supra, 34 N.J. at 482-83, 170 A.2d 22. ", "This precept evolved from the view that insurance policies are often contracts of adhesion between parties with uneven bargaining power that do not result in a \"meeting of the minds.\" ", "See, e.g., Meier, supra, at 611-12, 503 A.2d 862.", "\nBy traditional standards of contract law, the consent of both parties, based on an informed understanding of the terms and conditions of the contract, is rarely present in insurance contracts.... Because understanding is lacking, the consent necessary to sustain traditional contracts cannot be presumed to exist in most contracts of insurance. ", "Such consent can be inferred only to the extent that the policy language conforms to public expectations and commercially reasonable standards.... In instances in which the insurance contract is inconsistent with public expectations and commercially accepted standards, judicial regulation of insurance contracts is essential in order to prevent overreaching and injustice.", "\nSparks, supra, 100 N.J. at 338, 495 A.2d 406 (citations omitted).", "\nThis principle is most frequently invoked in cases involving the interpretation of an insurance policy issued to a consumer. ", "Unequal bargaining power occurs between insurance companies and corporations and organizations as well, however. ", "In policies covering corporations and organizations, as well as those covering consumer risks, insurance companies \"possess all the expertise and unilaterally prepare the varied and complex insurance policies,\" Meier, supra, 101 N.J. at 612, 503 A.2d 862. ", "Small concerns and organizations cannot be expected to master the arcane art of risk coverage and lack the leverage to induce the large insurance corporations to write policies customized to cover specific risks. ", "For these entities, insurance coverage is still a \"take-it-or-leave-it proposition.\" ", "Meier, supra, 101 N.J. at 611 n. 10, 503 A.2d 862. ", "Accordingly, New Jersey courts have applied the principle of reasonable expectations to commercial policies. ", "E.g., Killeen Trucking, Inc. v. Great Am. ", "Surplus Lines Ins. ", "Co., 211 N.J.Super. ", "712, 512 A.2d 590 (App. ", "Div.1986). ", "Although there are corporations that stand on equal footing with insurers and for whom the principle of reasonable expectations should not be applied, see McNeilab, Inc. v. North River Ins. ", "Co., 645 F.Supp. ", "525, 546-47 (D.N.J.1986), aff'd mem., ", "831 F.2d 287 (1987) (refusing to apply reasonable expectations principle where insured was larger than insurer because principle was founded on presumption of disparate bargaining power), the McCann campaign organizations certainly do not fit within this description.", "\nAmbiguity may result from the use of an overly broad term or industry argot, but it is just as often a question of context. ", "As the Appellate Division has observed, the reasonable expectations standard evolved from cases where \"the insurance policy was ambiguous, either as drafted or as applicable to a particular factual setting.\" ", "MacBean v. St. Paul Title Ins. ", "Co., 169 N.J.Super. ", "502, 507, 405 A.2d 405 (App. ", "Div.1979) (emphasis added). ", "Terms familiar in one context may be alien in another. ", "The New Jersey Supreme Court has recently interpreted the principle of reasonable expectations as a basic tenet of insurance law that applies to the interpretation of policies \"regardless of the existence of any ambiguity in the policy ...\" Sparks v. St. Paul Ins. ", "Co., 100 N.J. 325, 338, 495 A.2d 406 (1985). ", "Thus, \"even an unambiguous contract [may be] interpreted contrary to its plain meaning so as to fulfill the reasonable expectations of the insured....\" Werner Indus., ", "supra, 112 N.J. at 35-36, 548 A.2d 188. ", "The New Jersey courts engage in a sweeping inquiry in divining the reasonable expectations and intentions of the contracting parties. ", "The courts refer to the apparent object of the policy, the context of the policy including subject matter and nature of the risk, and the circumstances surrounding the making of the policy. ", "See Boswell v. Travelers Indem. ", "Co., 38 N.J.Super. ", "599, 604-05, 120 A.2d 250 (App.", "Div.1956); Kook v. American Surety *721 Co. of New York, 88 N.J.Super. ", "43, 53, 210 A.2d 633 (App.", "Div.1965); Tooker v. Hartford Acc. & ", "Indem. ", "Co., 128 N.J.Super. ", "217, 222-23, 319 A.2d 743 (App.", "Div.1974) (broad search into probable intent and general purposes); American Home Assurance Co. v. Hartford Ins. ", "Co., 190 N.J.Super. ", "477, 484, 464 A.2d 1128 (App.", "Div.1983) (common intent and general purposes); Doria v. Insurance Co. of No. ", "America, 210 N.J.Super. ", "67, 509 A.2d 220 (App.", "Div.1986) (same); Kelly, Messick, Schoenleber & Miller Assocs. ", "v. Atlantic Mut. ", "Ins. ", "Co., 218 N.J.Super. ", "395, 404, 527 A.2d 946 (App. ", "Div.1987) (same).", "\nDefendant third-party plaintiffs make essentially two arguments for coverage. ", "They argue first that the terms of the policy standing alone are sufficiently broad to cover the allegations of plaintiff's second amended complaint. ", "Although the terms per se are not completely recondite, neither are they models of clarity. ", "However, defendant third-party plaintiffs' efforts to twist the language of the policy and the theory of plaintiffs' case to support an interpretation favorable to their position are ultimately unpersuasive. ", "The second argument made by the insureds is that the policy terms are ambiguous in the context of the covered risk and that an inquiry into the reasonable expectations of the parties demonstrates that broad coverage was intended.", "\nI consider these arguments in the context of the following three issues: (1) whether the policy extends coverage to civil rights actions, (2) whether the policy covers \"intentional acts\", and (3) whether the four defendant third-party plaintiffs who have brought the present motions are insureds under the policy.", "\n\n1. ", "Coverage of Civil Rights Actions\nDefendant third-party plaintiffs argue that the second amended complaint actually states a claim for negligent infliction of emotional distress which is covered under the \"bodily injury\" policy provisions. ", "In support of this assertion, the movants rely on language in the complaint that describes the representative class members as having been \"embarrassed\" and \"humiliated\" after having been prevented from voting.", "\nIt is true that New Jersey recognizes a cause of action for emotional distress and that state courts have interpreted insurance policies providing coverage for \"bodily injury\" as providing coverage for emotional distress actions. ", "NPS Corp. v. Insurance Co. of No. ", "Amer., ", "213 N.J.Super. ", "547, 554, 517 A.2d 1211 (App.", "Div.1986); Wolfe v. State Farm Ins. ", "Co., 224 N.J.Super. ", "348, 352, 540 A.2d 871 (App.", "Div.), ", "certif. ", "denied, 111 N.J. 654, 546 A.2d 562 (1988). ", "It is not immediately clear, however, that New Jersey recognizes an action for emotional distress that is wholly independent of any physical injury, or, if it did, whether it would necessarily find that a \"bodily injury\" provision extended to such an action.", "\nMore to the point is the fact that plaintiffs' allegations simply cannot be reduced to simple cause of action for \"emotional distress\". ", "Even a casual reading of the complaint demonstrates that the essence of this action is to redress the deprivation of constitutionally-secured voting rights. ", "This action is without an analogue in the body of state common law tort. ", "See Howell v. Cataldi, 464 F.2d 272, 278 (3d Cir. ", "1972) (not all constitutional claims are in pari materia with state common law tort actions).", "\nDefendant third-party plaintiffs' heavy reliance on Newark v. Hartford Accident and Indem. ", "Co., 134 N.J.Super. ", "537, 342 A.2d 513 (App.", "Div.1975) is misplaced. ", "In that case, the police department of the City of Newark was a named insured on a liability policy issued by an insurer which provided coverage for certain intentional torts. ", "Several Newark police officers were made defendants in an action brought under 42 U.S.C. sec. ", "1983 alleging, among other claims, illegal detention and assault and battery. ", "The Appellate Division rejected the insurer's contention that it was not obligated to defend the case because civil rights actions were not explicitly covered under the policy:\nThe claims asserted in the federal action under the Civil Rights Act are covered by the insurance policy to the extent that *722 they are \"offenses\" mentioned in the policy and allege common law torts under state law—e.g., ", "false arrest, detention or imprisonment, malicious prosecution and assault and battery—even though recovery is sought under the federal act and in the federal court. ", "The carrier could have excluded from coverage civil rights actions but it did neither.", "\n134 N.J.Super. ", "at 544-45, 342 A.2d 513. ", "The court ruled that the carrier's duty to defend should be determined by comparing \"the torts alleged in the federal complaint with the `offenses' (i.e., torts) listed in the coverage provisions of the policy.\" ", "Id.\nIn Newark the underlying offense was one of false arrest and assault and battery. ", "Although these acts gave rise to a valid federal cause of action, they could also be redressed under state law and as state tort claims they would unquestionably be covered under the policy provisions. ", "What the Newark court held is that an insurer could not take advantage of the plaintiff's preference for a federal cause of action to disclaim coverage when it was clear that the federal and state law remedies covered the same offenses and required similar proofs. ", "Although the acts alleged could have been couched as common law torts, they also amounted to violations of constitutional rights.", "\nIn this case, however, there is no correlative state law cause of action and the particular offense, infringement of voting rights, was not one of the offenses explicitly covered in the policy. ", "A cause of action for emotional distress does not a voting rights deprivation make. ", "The two actions require disparate proofs and claim substantially different injuries.", "\nNor can it be said that the acts alleged in plaintiffs' complaint are covered within the term \"personal injury.\" ", "Defendant third-party plaintiffs argue that the fact that plaintiffs were \"delayed\" in their attempts to vote means that they were victims of unlawful detention and false arrest, but this is obviously a strained reading of the personal injury provisions. ", "Neither can it be credibly asserted as a matter of construction that the second amended complaint states a claim for slander or libel.", "\nDefendant third-party plaintiffs' attempt to force the breadth of coverage they seek into the constrained and ambiguous terminology of the policy is ultimately unconvincing as a semantic exercise. ", "Although the terms, considered by themselves, are somewhat ambiguous, they are not so ambiguous to admit of the meaning defendant third-party plaintiffs ascribe to them.", "\nHowever the terms are ambiguous in the context of a political campaign. ", "In this case, the underwriter issued a conventional, general liability commercial policy to cover the rather unique risks inherent in a political campaign. ", "The policy is denominated \"comprehensive\" yet speaks in terms relevant primarily to commercial risks such as \"bodily injury,\" \"personal injury,\" \"advertising injury,\" and \"false arrest.\" ", "Obviously these terms, and the others used in the policy, are not wholly without relevance to certain phases of campaign activity, but when pressed into service to cover campaign activities like those at issue in this case, such as electioneering and voter challenging, they become ambiguous. ", "It is therefore appropriate to move to defendant third-party plaintiffs' second argument and to inquire into the reasonable expectations of the parties when they entered into the contract for insurance.", "\nThat it was a reasonable expectation for the insureds to believe that policy coverage extended to civil rights actions is demonstrated by the nature of the discussions between the campaign counsel and the insurance broker and the expecatations of the broker and insurer themselves. ", "Hamill, acting as counsel for the McCann campaign told Feely of that he wanted a \"policy that covered everybody who worked on the campaign for anything that arose out of the campaign.\" ", "Oroho Affidavit Exhibit A, Hamill Dep. ", "at 23. ", "Feely, in turn, sought a \"General Comprehensive Liability\" policy from Johnson Excess for the three McCann political organizations, aware that they were engaged in political fund-raising and campaigning and aware that the policy was to cover the activities of *723 the many campaign volunteers who worked for the various organizations. ", "Feely affidavit, paras. ", "9, 10. ", "According to Johnson of Johnson Excess, Feely communicated these expectations to him and Johnson accordingly obtained the broadest coverage available under his firm's managing general agent agreement with NUFI:\nA. Based on my notes Mr. Feely described the exposure as a campaign office and a reelection campaign for Gerald McCann. ", "And he asked for general liability coverage to cover these entities including comprehensive general liability including broad form.", "\n\nQ. What do you mean by \"including broad form.\"", "\nA. Broad form is an endorsement which is in the policy which provides the broadest available general liability coverage available for risk as far as this carrier is concerned.", "\n\n. ", " . ", " . ", " . ", " .", "\nQ. Now, Mr. Johnson, in your conversation with Mr. Feely prior to your developing the rating for this coverage, did Mr. Feely inform you as to what type of business or what type of activities these committees were going to be involved in?", "\nA. Specifically, other than generally saying that they were going to be working for the campaign to reelect Gerald McCann and do normal things that reelection committees do, we didn't go into any particular broad description of the activities that would be involved.", "\nQ. Was it your understanding that the volunteers who worked for this campaign and participated in campaign activities would be covered under this policy?", "\nA. Yes.", "\nQ. What was your understanding ... as to the activities that these various committees were going to be involved in?", "\n. ", " . ", " . ", " . ", " .", "\nA. I was under the impression that these particular entities would be attempting to generate both funds for the campaign and votes for the candidate. ", "And as such [I] was not—I was not familiar with Jersey City politics at this point.", "\nWilliamson Affidavit Exhibit 13, Johnson Dep. ", "at 46, 61, 65-66 (emphasis supplied).", "\nEdward Rodriguez, then supervisor of NUFI's underwriting division and now its corporate secretary, similarly conceded that it was his understanding that the policy covered campaign workers in tasks such as answering phones, canvassing door to door, acting as advisors, supervising volunteers and working at election headquarters. ", "Nemetz Affidavit Exhibit 1, Rodriguez Dep. ", "at 64.", "\nThese statements by industry professionals familiar with the language and context of the policy at issue, the discussions between Hamill and Feely, the nature of the insured organizations and the impending election date support the view that it was reasonable to expect that this policy would be \"comprehensive\" in breadth of coverage. ", "In the rough and tumble arena of Jersey City politics, it was not unforeseeable that the campaign organizations would be targets of litigation including civil rights actions.", "\n\n2. ", "Coverage of Intentional Acts\nThe policy itself does not apparently extend coverage to intentional acts; \"occurrence\" is defined as an \"accident ... neither expected nor intended from the standpoint of the insured.\" ", "The Broad Form Comprehensive General Liability Endorsement by its own terms, however, \"modifies such insurance as is afforded by the provisions of the [Comprehensive General Liability] policy.\" ", "The endorsement extends coverage to claims for \"personal injury,\" the definition of which encompasses various intentional torts such as false arrest, detention, imprisonment and malicious prosecution.", "\nThere is no explicit mention of civil rights actions in the language of the Endorsement. ", "Here again, however, it is important to recall that this is a standard commercial insurance policy which has been pressed into service to cover the unique risks involved in a political campaign. ", "In the course of its normal day-today activities, it would be reasonable to expect that a business, especially a store or *724 market, would face intentional tort actions such as those covered by the Endorsement. ", "It would also be reasonable to expect that political campaign organizations would also be the target of intentional tort actions, although these might include, in addition to those listed above, civil rights actions. ", "Since the typical commercial intentional torts are covered by the Endorsement, it would be a reasonable expectation to conclude that the intentional tort actions that would likely be lodged against a political campaign organization would also be covered by the policy.", "\nThe fact that civil rights actions are not included as intentional torts under the policy is not an obstacle to concluding that coverage exists, in light of the reasonable expectations of the parties.", "\n\n3. ", "Which Defendant Third-party Plaintiffs are Insureds\nIt is also clear that it was reasonable to expect that the coverage of the policy would extend broadly to all manner of campaign volunteers. ", "The language of the policy and endorsement support this view. ", "Section II(c) of the policy defines named insured as the organization designated in the declaration \"and any executive officer, director or stockholder thereof while acting within the scope of his duties as such.\" ", "Section X(B) of the endorsement broadens this coverage to included as \"additional persons insured\" \"[a]ny employee (other than executive officers) of the named insured while acting within the scope of his duties as such ...\"\nThe context of the negotiations and discussions between the insured and the insurer also support this interpretation. ", "As indicated above, Hamill specifically sought coverage for volunteers and on at least one occasion sought Feely's assurances that the policy covered volunteer campaign workers. ", "Feely assured him that coverage extended to everyone who worked on the campaign. ", "Feely affidavit, para. ", "9. ", "According to Johnson, the Broad Form Endorsement was added to the policy in order to expand coverage to include volunteers:\nQ. Where in the Broad Form endorsement were campaign workers picked up?", "\nA. In my opinion?", "\nQ. Well, is that—did you indicate whether—\nA. Under additional insured endorsement. ", "I would add—\nMR. ", "OROHO: Section 10 of the [B]road [Form Endorsement?]", "\nA. Yes.", "\nWilliamson Affidavit Exhibit 13, Johnson Deposition 118-19. ", "Rodriguez also agreed the coverage as to volunteers was broad, see Nemetz Affidavit Exhibit 1, Rodriguez Dep. ", "at 64, and stated specifically that he believed that coverage extended to Munley, Burns and Finn. ", "Id. at 65-66.", "\nThe nature of the insured organizations themselves also supports the view that volunteers would be covered under the policy and endorsement. ", "Political organizations are largely staffed and run by volunteers. ", "NUFI was aware that the policy was written to cover political organizations, actively engaged in fund-raising and campaigning.", "\nIt is undisputed that Finn, Munley and Burns were campaign volunteers and as such, they are covered by the policy. ", "Although there is no explicit provision that would extend coverage to the candidate himself, it is clear that his role is analogous to that of an executive director, who is covered under Section II(c) of the policy, since he had ultimate control over the activities of the campaign organizations. ", "Technical arguments regarding whether one or another of the defendant third-party plaintiffs is or is not covered under the policy are simply not credible in light of the fact that the parties agreed that \"all inclusive\" coverage was the object of the policy. ", "And where policy provisions include persons other than the named insured, these provisions should be broadly construed. ", "Mazzilli v. Accident & Casualty Insurance Co. of Winterthur, 35 N.J. 1, 18, 170 A.2d 800 (1961); Tooker, supra, 128 N.J.Super. ", "at 222-23, 319 A.2d 743. ", "In summary, I conclude that Burns, Finn, Munley and McCann are \"volunteers\" covered both within the literal terms of the policy and within the reasonable expectations of the parties.", "\n\n\n*725 4. ", "The Extent of Coverage and Public Policy\n\nA question which was not raised by any party but which merits consideration is whether permitting coverage of acts committed with actual malice or indemnifying punitive damages offends public policy.", "\nThe second amended complaint seeks punitive damages for alleged violations of plaintiffs' civil rights. ", "Second Amended Complaint, Prayer for Relief, para. ", "5. ", "Punitive damages may be awarded in order to punish violations of constitutional rights. ", "Newport v. Facts Concerts, Inc., 453 U.S. 247, 267, 101 S.Ct. ", "2748, 2759, 69 L.Ed.2d 616 (1981); Carey v. Piphus, 435 U.S. 247, 257 n. 11, 98 S.Ct. ", "1042, 1049 n. 11, 55 L.Ed.2d 252 (1978). ", "Applying standard principles of insurance contract interpretation, it appears that the instant policy would be found to provide coverage for punitive damage awards. ", "The policy is \"comprehensive\" in scope, covers claims for which punitive damages could be assessed and fails to exclude coverage for punitive damages as the insurer could have done.", "\nIt is possible that the courts of New Jersey would find that insurance coverage of a punitive damage award would violate public policy, however. ", "In Newark, the facts of which were discussed at length in Section IV(A) above, the court considered whether an insurance policy covering intentional acts—including coverage of civil rights violations, as the court construed the policy—violates public policy. ", "The court observed that insurance polices that indemnify for willful criminal acts or intentional injury have been found to conflict with public policy. ", "But in the case before it the court observed that \"other values are involved.\"", "\nThe duty to defend and pay is limited to the specific intentional `offenses' committed in the course of the policemen's `business.' ", "With appropriate further limitations, there would appear to be no public policy problem. ", "Thus, for example, a defense or indemnification should not be permitted for an act that constitutes a crime or involves actual malice or other outrageous conduct, or for an act outside the scope of the policemen's employment.", "\n134 N.J.Super. ", "at 546, 342 A.2d 513. ", "The court concluded that indemnification of compensatory damages awarded for \"offenses\" covered by the policy where the injury was not intended, \"only the probable result\" of an intentional act, or within the scope of the officer's employement would not offend public policy. ", "Id. at 547, 342 A.2d 513. ", "However the court ruled that public policy \"would plainly not permit a defense or indemnification by the carrier of any claim for punitive damages.\" ", "Id.\nThe somewhat cryptic holding of Newark seems to be twofold. ", "First, an insurer's coverage or defense of intentional acts is violative of public policy unless the breadth of coverage is limited by exclusion of criminal acts, exclusion of acts committed with actual malice or exclusion of acts outside the scope of the tortfeasors' employment. ", "Second, coverage or defense of punitive damages is always against public policy. ", "Although I do not have the benefit of research by the parties on this issue, Newark appears to be the leading, if not the only, New Jersey case on this point.[3] Although this issue has not apparently been addressed by the state supreme court or at length by any other court, there is no obvious reason to question the continued viability of this holding.", "\nThe application of Newark to the facts of this case is necessarily somewhat uncertain. ", "The policy in question contains a limitation not unlike the limitation in the policy discussed in Newark. ", "Under Section II(c) of the Policy and Section X(B) of the Endorsement, coverage is extended only to acts that occurred while defendant third-party plaintiffs were acting within the scope of their employment. ", "Assuming for purposes of argument that this limitation meets the requirements of Newark (as it seems to), since there have been no factual conclusions regarding what wrongs the defendant *726 third-party plaintiffs committed, if any, it is premature to decide at this point whether Newark limits coverage in any way.", "\nIn this situation the best course may be to permit the individual plaintiff third-party defendants to continue to be represented by their current counsel and to permit the insurer's attorney to protect its interests under the policy. ", "After the trial is concluded, the remaining questions regarding coverage can be resolved. ", "See Newark, supra, 134 N.J.Super. ", "at 549, 342 A.2d 513; Barton v. Gulf States Entertainment, 655 F.Supp. ", "782, 786-87 (M.D.La.1987) (postponing question of whether policy covers punitive damages and public policy issues until after trial on the merits). ", "If punitive damages are not ultimately awarded at least some of these issues will disappear.", "\n\nV. McCann's Third-Party Action against JR.", "\nOn April 28, 1988 the magistrate signed an order permitting defendant McCann to amend his third-party complaint to add J.R., the insurance broker who obtained the policy, as a third-party defendant. ", "McCann's complaint against J.R. recites the fact that NUFI disclaimed coverage of the present suit under the policy and alleges that J.R. was therefore negligent in failing to obtain the coverage requested on behalf of McCann. ", "J.R. now moves for summary judgment on McCann's third-party complaint and McCann cross-moves for summary judgment against J.R.\nThe resolution of the motions for summary judgment between defendant third-party plaintiffs and NUFI make it unnecessary for me to consider the arguments made by McCann and J.R. Since I have concluded that defendant third-party plaintiffs, including McCann, are covered by the policy in question, there is no longer a viable negligence claim against J.R. McCann's motion for summary judgment on its third-party complaint against J.R. is therefore denied and J.R.'s motion for summary judgment is granted.", "\n\nVI. ", "Conclusion\nThe insurance agency, the insurance broker and the insurer all understood the general nature of the coverage sought by the McCann political organizations and the types of risks involved. ", "In light of this, the broadest coverage the broker could write on behalf of NUFI under its agency agreement was obtained. ", "However, despite the fact that both the insurer and the broker were aware of the unique risks involved, this coverage was provided within the context of a standard commercial form policy. ", "The nature of the insured organizations themselves and of the circumstances surrounding the procurement of the policy demonstrate beyond doubt that both parties to the insurance contract reasonably expected that broad coverage would be provided to the political activities pursued by the insured organizations and that this coverage would extend to civil rights actions. ", "It is these expectations and not the constrained, inappropriate language of the contract—language chosen by the insurer—that governs the question of whether or not coverage should be provided.", "\nIn this case it is clear that coverage for the civil rights actions lodged by the plaintiffs exists under the policy. ", "NUFI raises no genuine issue of material fact that would point toward a contrary result. ", "For the reasons discussed above in Section IV, therefore, the motions for summary judgment of third-party plaintiffs McCann, Munley, Finn and Burns are granted with respect to NUFI as to the duty to defend and indemnify plaintiffs' claims regarding civil rights violations and intentional acts. ", "Defendant third-party plaintiffs' motion for summary judgment is denied with respect to NUFI's duty to defend or indemnify on the issue of punitive damages. ", "NUFI's cross-motion for summary judgment against the third-party plaintiffs is denied. ", "For the reasons discussed above in Section V, third-party plaintiff McCann's motion for summary judgment on its third-party complaint against J.R. is denied and J.R.'s motion for summary judgment is granted. ", "The court will enter its own order.", "\nNOTES\n[1] The June election also included councilmanic run-off elections between candidates affiliated with the major mayoral candidates and others.", "\n[2] Feely's statements are admissible as admissions by a party-opponent under Fed.", "R.Evid. ", "801(d)(2)(D).", "\n[3] The Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit has concluded that under New Jersey law, public policy permits a municipality to indemnify its police officers in a civil rights action. ", "Skevofilax v. Quigley, 810 F.2d 378, 386-87 (3d Cir. ", "1987). ", "Punitive damages were not awarded in that case, however. ", "Id. at 379.", "\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "FreeLaw" }

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[ "In 2018, the New York Foundling, a charity that offers child welfare, adoption, and mental health services, was stuck in cut-and-paste hell.", "\n\nClinicians and admin staff were spending hours transferring text between different documents and databases to meet varied legal requirements. ", "Arik Hill, the charity’s chief information officer, blames the data entry drudgery for an annual staff turnover of 42 percent at the time. “", "We are not a very glamorous industry,” says Hill. “", "We are really only just moving on from paper clinical records.”", "\n\nSince then, the New York Foundling has automated much of this grunt work using what are known as software robots—simple programs hand-crafted to perform dull tasks. ", "Often, the programs are built by recording and mimicking a user’s keystrokes, such as copying a field of text from one database and pasting it into another, eliminating hours of repetitive-stress-inducing work.", "\n\n“It was mind-blowing,” says Hill, who says turnover has fallen to 17 percent.", "\n\nTo automate the work, the New York Foundling got help from UiPath, a so-called robotic process automation company. ", "That project didn’t require any real machine intelligence.", "\n\nBut in January, UiPath began upgrading its army of software bots to use powerful new artificial intelligence algorithms. ", "It thinks this will let them take on more complex and challenging tasks, such as transcription or sorting images, across more offices. ", "Ultimately, the company hopes software robots will gradually learn how to automate repetitive work for themselves.", "\n\nIn other words, if artificial intelligence is going to disrupt white-collar work, then this may be how it begins.", "\n\n“When paired with robotic process automation, AI significantly expands the number and types of tasks that software robots can perform,” says Tom Davenport, a professor who studies information technology and management at Babson College.", "\n\nConsider a company that needs to summarize long-winded, handwritten notes. ", "AI algorithms that perform character recognition and natural language processing could read the cursive and summarize the text, before a software robot inputs the text into, say, a website. ", "The latest version of UiPath’s software includes a range of off-the-shelf machine learning tools. ", "It is also now possible for users to add their own machine learning models to a robotic process.", "\n\nWith all the AI hype, it’s notable that so little has found its way into modern offices. ", "But the automation that is there, which simply repeats a person’s clicking and typing, is still useful. ", "The technology is mostly used by banks, telcos, insurers, and other companies with legacy systems; market researcher Gartner estimates the industry generated roughly $1.3 billion in revenue in 2019.", "\n\nThe WIRED Guide to Artificial Intelligence Supersmart algorithms won't take all the jobs, But they are learning faster than ever, doing everything from medical diagnostics to serving up ads.", "\n\nSimple software automation is eliminating some particularly repetitive jobs, such as basic data entry, which are often already done overseas. ", "In call centers, fewer people are needed to fill out forms if software can be programmed to open the right documents, find the right fields, and enter text. ", "At the New York Foundling, Hill’s software allowed him to redirect eight workers to other tasks.", "\n\nBut Davenport says software robots that use AI could displace more jobs, especially if we head into a recession. “", "Companies will use it for substantial headcount and cost reductions,” he says.", "\n\nErik Brynjolfsson, director of the MIT Initiative on the Digital Economy and the author of several books exploring the impact of technology on the workforce, says robotic process automation will mostly affect middle-skilled office workers, meaning admin work that requires some training.", "\n\nBut it won’t happen overnight. ", "He says it took many years for simple software robots, which are essentially descended from screen-scrapers and simple coding tools, to affect office work. “", "The lesson is just how long it takes for even a relatively simple technology to have an impact on business, because of the hard work it takes to implement it reliably in complex environments,” Brynjolfsson notes." ]

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[ "Iran To Look 'Seriously' At Russian Enrichment Proposal\n\nIranian and Russian workers at the Bushehr nuclear plant in Iran (file photo) (epa)\n28 December 2005 -- Iran says it is ready to study a Russian proposal aimed at addressing international concerns about its nuclear program.", "\n\nJavad Vaidi, Iran's top nuclear negotiator, said today that Tehran would \"seriously\" study Moscow's proposal to form a joint venture and enrich uranium in Russia.", "\n\nReports said Vaidi's remarks were the most positive yet by a senior Iranian official about the Russian proposal. ", "However, Vaidi also reiterated that Iran would not give up what it sees as its right to produce nuclear fuel at home.", "\n\nThe Russian proposal, backed by the European Union and the United States, seeks to get Iran to enrich uranium abroad to ensure that it can't produce atomic weapons.", "\n\nThe proposal follows the resumption this month of talks between Iran and Germany, France, and Britain, which negotiate on behalf of the EU. ", "The talks are to continue in January." ]

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[ "The St Jude storm disrupted a Commons meeting set to hear evidence of how transport copes with bad weather.", "\n\nDue to the knock-on effect of the winds, the House of Commons Transport Committee amended its hearing on transport’s winter-resilience plans. ", "A spokeswoman said: “Arrangements for the Transport Committee’s first evidence session on transport’s winter resilience have been revised because of transport disruption caused by today’s storm.”" ]

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[ "Gastrin releasing peptide GRP(14-27) in human breast cancer cells and in small cell lung cancer.", "\nImmunoreactivity related to the gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) precursor was detected in four different human breast cancer cell lines. ", "The amounts and the characteristics in extracts from different breast carcinoma cells were compared with cell extracts from small cell lung cancer (SCLC) cells. ", "Two different radioimmunoassays were employed, directed against the amino acid sequence 14-27 of GRP (IR-GRP) or the 42-53 amino acid sequence at the C-terminal end of the GRP precursor (GRP precursor fragment). ", "In extracts from T47D cells cultured under serum free conditions, IR-GRP coeluted with GRP(14-27) or GRP(18-27) in Sephadex G-50 chromatography. ", "No immunoreactivity was detected in the fractions containing high molecular weight components. ", "In a total of 41 human breast carcinoma biopsies from different postmenopausal patients, IR-GRP was detected by immunohistological staining in 39% of the samples. ", "When the GRP(14-27) peptide was added exogenously to breast cancer and SCLC cell lines under serum-free culture conditions, (3H)-thymidine incorporation was stimulated by GRP(14-27) in the SCLC cell lines. ", "Of the breast cancer cell lines only the T47D cell line responded with an increase in (3H)-thymidine incorporation comparable to the increase observed with SCLC cells. ", "Recently, it has been reported that GRP-like receptors are present in some human breast cancer cell lines, including the T47D cell line studied here. ", "The breast cancer cell line T47D therefore expresses the GRP peptide and the receptor for GRP. ", "The identification of GRP-like receptors on T47D cells is in accordance with our present observation of a growth response to GRP(14-27) as evaluated by increased (3H)-thymidine incorporation." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }

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[ "Generally, a hair cosmetic composition used for dyeing, bleaching, or destaining hair contains an alkaline agent and an oxidizing agent. ", "The oxidizing agent acts to remove melanin from hair. ", "The alkaline agent acts to improve lightness of bleached hair by promoting the action of the oxidizing agent. ", "When a hair cosmetic composition contains a dye, the alkaline agent also acts to improve the dyeability of hair by swelling hair so as to improve the permeability of the dye into the hair. ", "A surfactant, an oil component, or a polymer may be added to a hair cosmetic composition. ", "In that case, a certain viscosity is imparted to the hair cosmetic composition, by which dripping is prevented and the adherability of the composition to hair is improved. ", "An organic solvent may be added to a hair cosmetic composition in order to improve the spreadability of the composition.", "\nPatent Document 1 discloses a hair cosmetic composition used for bleaching or dyeing hair containing amino-modified silicone, highly polymerized silicone, and a cationic polymer. ", "Patent Document 1 discloses that the composition may further contain ethanol, which is an organic solvent (for example, refer to Table 2)." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds" }

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[ "At the risk of being facetious, one key benefit is that Future is a named concept that lots of people will recognise and understand, for example it has its own wikipedia page.", "\n\nI don't recognise the ContT type which you say is equivalent. ", "I tried to find it in the scalaz docs, but it is listed there with no explanation. ", "Where can I read more about this, and how do you know it is equivalent to a Future?", "\n\nYou say that \"an Applicative instance runs Futures in parallel\"; would multiple ContT operations not be run in parallel? ", "That is a key feature of Futures , and might be an answer your question.", "\n\nUPDATE:\n\nI see now that ContT is an implementation of continuation passing style, and that scalaz.", "ContT[Trampoline, Unit, ?] ", "is a special case of a continuation passing function that may be isomorphic to Future , if certain external assumptions hold.", "\n\nI think that the answer to your question is the same reasons that many other special cases are given prominence when they could perhaps be thought of as one case of a more general structure:" ]

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[ "454 F.3d 505\nUNITED STATES of America, Plaintiff-Appellee,v.Humberto Fidel Regalado CUELLAR, Defendants-Appellants.", "\nNo. ", "05-10065.", "\nUnited States Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit.", "\nJune 30, 2006.", "\n\nNancy E. Larson, Asst. ", "U.S. Atty., ", "Fort Worth, TX, Denise B. Williams (argued), Amanda R. Burch, Lubbock, TX, for U.S.\nJerry V. Beard, Asst. ", "Fed. ", "Pub. ", "Def. (", "argued), Lubbock, TX, for Cuellar.", "\nAppeal from the United States District Court for the Northern District of Texas; Sam R. Cummings, Judge.", "\nON PETITION FOR REHEARING EN BANC\n(Opinion Feb. 22, 2006, 5 Cir., ", "2006, 441 F.3d 329)\nBefore JONES, Chief Judge, and KING, JOLLY, HIGGINBOTHAM, DAVIS, SMITH, WIENER, BARKSDALE, GARZA, DeMOSS, BENAVIDES, STEWART, DENNIS, CLEMENT, PRADO and OWEN, Circuit Judges.", "\n\nBY THE COURT:\n\n1\nA member of the Court in active service having requested a poll on the petition for rehearing en banc and a majority of the judges in active service having voted in favor of granting a rehearing en banc,\n\n\n2\nIT IS ORDERED that this cause shall be reheard by the court en banc with oral argument on a date hereafter to be fixed. ", "The Clerk will specify a briefing schedule for the filing of supplemental briefs.", "\n\n" ]

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[ "Cape Alexander\n\nCape Alexander () is a cape which forms the south end of Churchill Peninsula and the east side of the entrance to Cabinet Inlet, on the east coast of Graham Land. ", "It was charted by the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey (FIDS) and photographed from the air by the Ronne Antarctic Research Expedition (RARE) in December 1947.", "\n\nCape Alexander was named by the FIDS for Rt. ", "Hon. ", "Albert V. Alexander, M.P., First Lord of the Admiralty.", "\n\nFurther reading \n\n• R. K. Headland, Chronological List of Antarctic Expeditions and Related Historical Events, P 353\n\n• Pedro Skvarca, Changes and surface features of the Larsen Ice Shelf, Antarctica, derived from Landsat and Kosmos mosaics, Annals of Glaciology, Volume 20 1994 , PP 6-12\n\n• NATIONAL GEOSPATIAL-INTELLIGENCE AGENCY, SAILING DIRECTIONS & ENROUTE, ANTARCTICA, P 106\n\nReference \n\nCategory:Headlands of Graham Land\nCategory:Foyn Coast" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }

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[ "Go \"Beyond\" For Fan Event\n\nThe Star Trek Beyond Fan Event Contest is underway, and fans can create videos that could win them a pair of tickets to the eagerly anticipated event, set to be held May 20 in Los Angeles. ", "Fifty (50) lucky fans will win a pair of tickets each day, today through Friday, and one lucky fan each day will win the grand prize, which includes two tickets to the event, airfare, ground transportation and hotel accommodations.", "\n\nThe event will be held at the historic Paramount Pictures studio lot and highlights will include the premiere of the newest Star Trek Beyond trailer, an exclusive first look at previously unseen footage from Beyond, a Q&A with director Justin Lin, cast members and crew, as well as special guest appearances and other surprises. ", "Additionally, the Q&A will be streamed via Facebook Live.", "\n\nTo enter, participants should explain on video “How you go Beyond as a Star Trek fan” and why you should attend the Star Trek Beyond Fan Event in L.A., and then they must submit the video — 50 seconds long maximum — via Facebook or Twitter. ", "To enter using Facebook, share your video as a comment on the Star Trek Movie Facebook Page (For the US and Canada: www.facebook.com/StarTrekMovie; for Australia: www.facebook.com/startrekAU; and for the United Kingdom: www:facebook.com/startrekUK, and be sure to include the hashtag #StarTrekContest. ", "To enter on Twitter, share your video and tag @startrekmovie and include the hashtag #StarTrekContest. ", "Winners will be notified on or about May 10." ]

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[ "You see a wide road cutting across the woods on a bright day and soon, a beautiful beast on four wheels zooms past, gliding oh so gracefully, showing off its curves and dodging the rocks effortlessly. ", "All this on your TV screen, in between the movie break. ", "And you wouldn’t deny that it is a visual treat, would you?", "\n\nAdvertising is a big business, and so is creating the ads. ", "Almost every ad now consists of fantastical landscapes, exotic creatures and vivid sceneries- all made possible with the aid of VFX, animatics and motion capture.", "\n\nMPC Advertising is a leading player in this industry. ", "MPC Advertising – Bengaluru general manager Sal Umerji talks more about the functioning and talent acquisition at the MPC Advertising facility in Bengaluru.", "\n\nIn addition to creating commercials for the biggest brands in the world, we also create promotional videos for the hottest musical talent, including The Rolling Stones, Adele, Arcade Fire and Stevie Wonder.", "\n\n2. ", "Who all are in the core team? ", "What is their work experience?", "\n\nThe core team is made up of a number of people including the creative director, supervisors and individual discipline leads, some of whom have international experience and some started as juniors, progressing up the career ladder at MPC Advertising.", "\n\nHaving a global client base means that we work on international campaigns, which encompasses the Indian market.", "\n\n5. ", "What is the kind of technology used?", "\n\nOur teams use the industry-standard Maya for 3D and Nuke for 2D work. ", "We also utilise a variety of additional proprietary tools and software, which enable us to deliver world-class VFX for the advertising industry. ", "By mirroring our pipeline with our other global sites, we can create a superior workflow that allows for any project to be worked on in any site without delay.", "\n\nA still from Samsung’s Ostrich campaign for Samsung’s VR Headset\n\n6. ", "What is the work/office culture?", "\n\nWe think it’s important to place creativity and collaboration at the heart of our office culture. ", "One way we do this is through regular meetings as a team to review each other’s work and provide feedback. ", "It’s also important for us to provide a working environment that creates a balance between work and play – we often take our team on office outings and offer employee engagement programs. ", "We’ve also recently added a recreation room in Bangalore, allowing artists to take time out and recharge.", "\n\n7. ", "What qualities do you look for in the employees before hiring?", "\n\nAlong with creative skills and communication, we look for artists with a passion for the industry who are looking to learn and grow within the company. ", "As we deal with a huge range of projects in our global studios, we are always on the lookout for outstanding talent who can offer exciting new approaches, versatility and a high level of initiative and versatility to their work.", "\n\n8. ", "What kind of training do you impart to the new employees?", "\n\nWe offer various training programs for the artists across technical and soft skills. ", "New employees have two weeks of training, which includes various production and creative inductions before they start work on a show. ", "We also provide various cross training programs for artists to further their skills and grow within the department towards more complex disciplines.", "\n\nA still from MPC Advertising’s work for Heineken’s commercial ‘The Trailblazers’\n\nOn top of this, we are also committed to investing in our management team by providing necessary training to our employees to be good leaders, with some of these sessions being carried out by international trainers.", "\n\n9. ", "What are the growth opportunities at MPC Advertising?", "\n\nWith our Bangalore studio in the process of expansion, there are various growth opportunities within the company across all disciplines. ", "We encourage artists to choose the area that they wish to grow in and learn in and we support and nurture them along the journey.", "\n\n10. ", "Why do employees like working at MPC Advertising?", "\n\nWe value personal time, so we encourage staff to arrive and leave on time, we also try to avoid weekend work where possible. ", "We regularly run artist engagement programs to keep the crew engaged. ", "Investing in the career growth of the artists is also important, so we offer training programs to further their skills and help them learn other disciplines. ", "We also make a concerted effort to recognise achievements and reward them accordingly to value each and every artist.", "\n\nA still from John Lewis’s Christmas Advert – 2016 campaign #BusterTheBoxer" ]

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[ "Celestial Kingdom:\n\nLunar Kingdom:\n\nCrystal Empire:\n\nDragon Pit:\n\nWasteland:\n\nShadow Zone:\n\nChaos Realm:\n\nHoovrah:\n\nNovus:\n\nI started this pic ages ago and just discovered it again today. ", "Thought why not finish it? ", "I'm still in love with the middle ages concept and it has so much story potential.", "So here I listed the nine rulers of Equestria, each one of them controlling a different part (and of course it's not always peaceful between them but more about that later). ", "The parts are basically:A big kingdom. ", "Celestia has been the ruler for over a thousand years.", "Equally as big as its neighbour, the Celestial Kingdom. ", "Queen Luna is the sister of Celestia, and their history had lots of \"ups and downs\".", "Cadence and Shining Armor reign this cold area, it's about half as big as the Celestial Kingdom.", "A not very big (in comparison to the above), but dangerous territory. ", "Emperor Ember holds it with her iron grip.", "A vast, lost and fruitless land (a bit like the Outlands in Lion King). ", "Chrysalis and her minions have to hide from the other rulers, they are Outlaws in almost every other territory.", "A big, dark and extremely dangerous place. ", "Noone who didn't make a contract with King Sombra is save from getting hunted down here.", "Where is it? ", "What is it? ", "Why is it? ", "What happened? - ", "basically everything you need to know about Discord's place. ", "Its residents are used to it, hopefully.", "A big, mountainous isle in a very rough ocean (a little inspired by Ard Skellig from the Witcher). ", "The people here don't like visitors from mainland.", "A seperate, medium size isle (still big) close to the main land. ", "The reformed Changelings fled to this place with their new ruler, Thorax. ", "It's well known for it's neutrality and peacefulness.*********************************************: ", "I drew a map!I hope you are interested!Also middle ages:Background texture:" ]

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[ "Google announced on Wednesday that it would ban all advertisements for payday loans and related products on its website because they often lead to unaffordable repayment terms and financial harm to consumers.", "\n\nDavid Graff, the director of global product policy at Google, announced in a blog post that the global ban would take effect July 13 and would apply to loans for which repayment was due in 60 days and for loans that carry an annual percentage rate of 36 percent or higher.", "\n\n“This change is designed to protect our users from deceptive or harmful financial products,” Mr. Graff wrote. “", "Ads for financial services are a particular area of vigilance given how core they are to people’s livelihood and well-being.”", "\n\nIt is the first time that the company has banned such a broad range of financial advertisements on its site, but the move was welcome by advocates seeking stricter controls on an industry long accused of targeting low-income and minority communities with loans that carry egregiously high interest rates." ]

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[ "Ecstasy pimples - a new facial dermatosis.", "\nEcstasy (XTC) has become a popular drug in the rave, dance and techno scene. ", "Several severe disorders due to drug addiction have been described but no dermatological symptoms. ", "We report on 2 patients (20-year-old female, 21-year-old male) with medical problems after taking XTC. ", "Both developed a facial rash with reddish pimples after oral intake of XTC. ", "The distribution resembled either periorificial dermatosis or acneiform rash without white- or blackheads. ", "The lesions cleared without specific treatment. ", "We suggest that XTC pimples represent an acneiform dermatosis in young people taking designer drugs. ", "Though the dermatosis itself seems to be mild, it may be a cutaneous marker for drug abuse." ]

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[ "Air compressed to 300 bar has energy density comparable to that of lead-acid batteries and other energy storage technologies. ", "However, the process of compressing and decompressing the air typically is inefficient due to thermal and mechanical losses. ", "Such inefficiency limits the economic viability of compressed air for energy storage applications, despite its obvious advantages.", "\nIt is well known that a compressor will be more efficient if the compression process occurs isothermally, which requires cooling of the air before or during compression. ", "Patents for isothermal gas compressors have been issued on a regular basis since 1930 (e.g., U.S. Pat. ", "No. ", "1,751,537 and U.S. Pat. ", "No. ", "1,929,350). ", "One approach to compressing air efficiently is to effect the compression in several stages, each stage comprising a reciprocating piston in a cylinder device with an intercooler between stages (e.g., U.S. Pat. ", "No. ", "5,195,874). ", "Cooling of the air can also be achieved by injecting a liquid, such as mineral oil, refrigerant, or water into the compression chamber or into the airstream between stages (e.g., U.S. Pat. ", "No. ", "5,076,067).", "\nSeveral patents exist for energy storage systems that mix compressed air with natural gas and feed the mixture to a combustion turbine, thereby increasing the power output of the turbine (e.g., U.S. Pat. ", "No. ", "5,634,340). ", "The air is compressed by an electrically-driven air compressor that operates at periods of low electricity demand. ", "The compressed-air enhanced combustion turbine runs a generator at times of peak demand. ", "Two such systems have been built, and others proposed, that use underground caverns to store the compressed air.", "\nPatents have been issued for improved versions of this energy storage scheme that apply a saturator upstream of the combustion turbine to warm and humidify the incoming air, thereby improving the efficiency of the system (e.g., U.S. Pat. ", "No. ", "5,491,969). ", "Other patents have been issued that mention the possibility of using low-grade heat (such as waste heat from some other process) to warm the air prior to expansion, also improving efficiency (e.g., U.S. Pat. ", "No. ", "5,537,822)." ]

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[ "Should Christians Marry or Stay Single?", "\n\nTim Keller Tackles Paul's Singlehood v. Marriage Message\n\nThe Apostle Paul's exhortation to Christians of all marital statuses has confused more than a few believers hoping to align their lives with his teachings. ", "Redeemer Presbyterian Church Pastor Tim Keller made an effort to answer questions regarding those verses found in the Bible specifically addressing singlehood and marriage at a recent conference.", "\n\n\"If you have a wife, do not seek to end the marriage. ", "If you do not have a wife, do not seek to get married. ", "But if you do get married, it is not a sin. ", "And if a young woman gets married, it is not a sin. ", "However, those who get married at this time will have troubles, and I am trying to spare you those problems. ", "But let me say this, dear brothers and sisters: The time that remains is very short. ", "So from now on, those with wives should not focus only on their marriage,\" Paul writes in 1 Corinthians 7:27-29 (NLT).", "\n\n(Photo: Redeemer Presbyterian Church Screenshot)\n\nRedeemer Presbyterian Church Pastor Tim Keller speaks at S1NGLE, which his church hosted on March 1, 2014.", "\n\nSpeaking at S1NGLE, a conference organized by Redeemer Presbyterian Church's Family Ministries on Saturday, Keller sought to clarify what he described as \"enigmatic verses to the average reader.\"", "\n\n\"It sure seems [from reading that passage] that Paul's had a bad day,\" Keller opened to a laughing audience. \"", "Because in Ephesians 5 he has this exalted view of marriage, where he talks about marriage as a symbol and sign of the union of Christ and his people.\"", "\n\nKeller also added that although the verses both appear to imply that Paul has soured to marriage and that Christ's return is imminent, in reality, \"what we have here is a sophisticated kingdom theology.\"", "\n\nAccording to Keller, Jews during the life of Christ believed that that although life before the Messiah would be full of suffering, after his arrival on earth \"everything would be perfect.\" ", "But, that idea was based on the faulty assumption that the Messiah would only come once.", "\n\nInstead, Christ has come and will come again, said Keller, \"the first time to begin the kingdom and the second time to bring it in fullness.\"", "\n\n\"What that means is right now we live in the overlap of the ages,\" said Keller. \"", "The old world is still going on and the new world has actually begun; the spirit of God is in the world to renew people's lives, but the fact is it still a place where we still have the suffering and brokenness.\"", "\n\nSo how does that relate to whether or not a person should marry?", "\n\nAccording to Keller, it offers an alternative perspective with which to consider whether or not we should marry.", "\n\n\"What this means is we do marry. ", "We do buy and sell. ", "We do have jobs. ", "We do grieve and mourn. ", "We do rejoice. ", "But we always do it, right now, in light of the future,\" said Keller.", "\n\n\"In light of the future, God is going to give you the ultimate wealth so whether you have money or not isn't the biggest deal. ", "If you have it great, but don't get too attached to it. ", "If you don't have it, don't get to upset,\" Keller added, suggesting that marriage should be considered in the same light.", "\n\nFurther, Keller argued, this approach two liberated Christians from the two prevailing marital perspectives. ", "Western cultures, Keller argued, \"make an idol out of your individual rights and individual happiness.\"", "\n\nThis type of perspective painted marriage as one where marriage must meet \"your individual needs.\"", "\n\n\"Never get married before you've gotten you've career going. ", "Why not? ", "Because absolutely and ultimately marriage must fulfill you. ", "It must be an asset in your portfolio,\" said Keller.", "\n\nWhereas in traditional and non-Western cultures, society is more likely to make \"an idol out of the family. ", "You're nobody until you're in a family.\"", "\n\nChristians however, could find themselves free from both worldviews because Christianity and its approach to marriage and singleness is absolutely astonishingly different.\"", "\n\n\"On the one hand, what this means, is this exalted view of marriage where I give myself…to my marriage partner to help my marriage partner be everything that Christ wants him or her to be. ", "It's supposed to be a way of service and not just self-fulfillment,\" said Keller. \"", "On the other hand, marriage can never give you all the things that you are really looking for. ", "It's only in Jesus' arms that you can ever really find what you are looking for in a spouse and it's only in the family of God and the church.\"" ]

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[ "Esophageal perforation secondary to alkaline battery ingestion.", "\nA 16-month-old infant ingested an alkaline battery, 22 mm x 5 mm, which became entrapped in her esophagus. ", "She was brought to the emergency department with a four-day history of vomiting. ", "After tube thoracostomy, the battery was removed by esophagoscopy. ", "However, she experienced cardiac arrest in the intensive care unit. ", "Post mortem examination revealed exsanguination by perforation of the posterior aspect of the aortic arch as the cause of death. ", "Microscopic examination showed liquefaction necrosis through the mucosa and submucosa of the esophagus into the upper mediastinum and right pleural space. ", "The possible role of the alkaline center of the battery causing perforation is presented." ]

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[ "Preparation and studies with 90Y-labelled particles for use in radiation synovectomy.", "\n90Y-FHMA (Ferric hydroxide macroaggregates) and 90Y-HA (hydroxyapatite) were prepared in >95% yield using 90Y from an in-house 90Sr-90Y generator. ", "Most of the particles ranged from 5 to 20 microm in diameter and retained radiochemical purity > 95% in human serum for at least 7 days at 37 degrees C. Gamma camera imaging of normal rabbits after intraarticulation of the particles showed complete retention of activity within the knee cavity with no measurable radioactivity leaching out of the joints over a 96 hour period." ]

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[ "Dr. Dre Gives High Praise For Game’s “Jesus Piece” Album\n\nGame didn’t have any collaboration with the Doc on his upcoming album but that didn’t stop Dre from giving his approval.", "\nGame posted on Twitter a screenshot of Dr.Dre’s praise of his LP.", "\n\n“Your album is Dope,” wrote Dre. “", "The song with the D’Angelo sample [‘All That’] is fuckin Crazy. ", "Great job. ", "Congratulations!!!!” ", "Game responded with a few words of appreciation: “Couldn’t do it without you Doc. ", "Compton !!!”", "\n\nGames album, Jesus Piece which marks the end of his contract with Interscope Records features guest appearances from Kanye West, Common, Jamie Foxx and more." ]

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[ " IN THE COURT OF CRIMINAL APPEALS OF TENNESSEE\n AT JACKSON\n Assigned on Briefs September 9, 2003\n\n ANTONIO BONDS v. STATE OF TENNESSEE\n\n Appeal from the Criminal Court for Shelby County\n No. ", "P-26982 Arthur T. Bennett, Judge\n\n\n\n No. ", "W2003-00260-CCA-R3-PC - Filed November 14, 2003\n\n\nGARY R. WADE, P.J., dissenting.", "\n\n I fully agree with my colleagues that the Tennessee Rules of Appellate Procedure do not\nrecognize a petition to rehear the denial by our supreme court of an application for permission to\nappeal. ", "In several instances, our supreme court had observed that there is no authority for such a\npetition. ", "See, e.g., John Wayne Slate, Jr. v. State, No. ", "03C01-9201-CR-00014 (Tenn., at Knoxville,\nFeb. 6, 1995) (stating that “a petition to rehear the denial of a Rule 11 application for permission to\nappeal is unknown to the Tennessee Rules of Appellate Procedure”). ", "In this case, however, as in\nsome others, our supreme court “denied” the petition, thereby acting on the request. ", "Tennessee Code\nAnnotated section 40-30-202(a) requires a post-conviction petition within one year of “the final\naction of the highest state appellate court to which an appeal is taken.” ", "In Lease v. Tipton, 722\nS.W.2d 379 (Tenn. 1986), our high court issued an opinion resulting from a petition to rehear its\ndenial of an application for permission to appeal. ", "Further, the Advisory Commission Comments to\nTennessee Rule of Appellate Procedure 39 provide that the court “generally disfavors petitions to\nrehear following denials of applications for permission to appeal.” (", "Emphasis added.) ", "The\nComments do not indicate that such petitions are prohibited.", "\n\n Because our supreme court took “action” on the petitioner’s petition to rehear by its denial\nthereof on February 11, 2002, and because the petition was filed on January 10, 2003, I would hold\nthat the natural language of the act would permit this petition as timely filed. ", "In my view, a reversal\nand remand would be warranted.", "\n\n\n\n _______________________________________\n GARY R. WADE, PRESIDING JUDGE\n\f" ]

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[ "The BIG E3 2014 Party List: Parties, Events, Fundraisers and more\n\nGuess what’s back, back again. ", "E3’s back, tell a friend.", "\n\nOkay, they and you already know it’s just a month away. ", "And that means it’s time for The Internet’s Best Collection of E3 2014 Parties, Events, And Fundraisers list! ", "Since 2011 we’ve been giving you info on the best events, and the drunken tradition continues. ", "<3 <3 <3 HEART HEART HEART\n\nAs parties are announced, we’ll post them. ", "Do you have one to announce? ", "Email me at dali @ sidequesting.com, contact us, leave a comment below, or Tweet me @dalidimovski. ", "No private parties will be listed. ", "We’re doing our best to let promoters keep their events as planned, since it ruins the experience for them *and* all of us. ", "We will not condone crashing private events.", "\n\n[box_light]Special Thanks to Adam Nelson and his @E3_PartyGuide account for constantly supplying us with events. ", "E3 Party Map located here! [", "/box_light]\n\nAaaaand, much like our PAX Party List Facebook Groups, we also have one for E3! ", "Join us and we can meet and greet and repeat at E3 each year! ", "https://www.facebook.com/groups/e3partylist\n\nGIANT thank you to Dan Hevia for helping admin the Facebook group. ", "FOLLOW HIM!", "\n\nThat’s it. ", "Nothing more to say. ", "IT BEGINS.", "\n\nListed by Day\n\nSaturday, June 7\n\nSunday, June 8\n\nMonday, June 9\n\nTuesday, June 10\n\nWednesday, June 11\n\nThursday, June 12\n\nListed by Day (Abridged)\n\nSaturday, June 7\n\nSunday, June 8\n\nMonday, June 9\n\nTuesday, June 10\n\nWednesday, June 11\n\nThursday, June 12\n\n[box_dark]Saturday, June 07[/box_dark]\n\n[box_light]\n\nGAME OVER: Art Inspired By Games [Reception]\n\nTime: 6:30-10PM\n\nLocation: Giant Robot, 2062 Sawtelle Blvd, Los Angeles, California 90025\n\nRSVP: Facebook\n\nGiantRobot, AngryBananas.com, DESTRUCTOID & Meat Bun are proud to present GAME OVER – Art Inspired by Games.", "\n\nIt’s not just an art exhibition, it’s also a Game Night.", "\n\nImagine seeing art but also trying out some of the games made by equally talented designers! ", "It’s happening.", "\n\nExperience, KYOTO WILD by Teddy Diefenbach is a 4 player weapons battle, SCRATCH RACE by Messhof is a one button velodrome racing game, and experience Ben Vancee’s THE PACK with Art by Rob Sato Works.", "\n\nGame Over June 7 – June 18th, 2014\n\nOpening Reception: Saturday, June 7, 6:30-10 PM[/box_light][box_light]\n\nNinjaCon\n\nTime: 10AM-10PM\n\nLocation: Little Tokyo district of LA (JACC & Miyako Hotel), 244 S. San Pedro Street, Los Angeles, CA 90012\n\nOur mission at Ninja-con is to bring together a network of those who appreciate Asian culture, from various topics ranging from anime, cosplay, video games, and fashion.[/box_light][box_light]\n\nLA Cosplay Con\n\nTime: 10AM-10PM\n\nLocation: Hyatt Regency Century City Plaza, 2025 Avenue of the Stars, Los Angeles, CA 90067\n\nTix: $10-$20\n\nLA Cosplay Con is a one day event with a huge costume competition that focuses on craftsmanship and stage presence. ", "The event will have panels on costuming, film and also some gaming competitions going on, along with prizes and other fun items.[/box_light]\n\n[box_dark]Sunday, June 08[/box_dark]\n\n[box_light]\n\nGAME OVER: Art Inspired By Games\n\nTime: Open Daily\n\nLocation: Giant Robot, 2062 Sawtelle Blvd, Los Angeles, California 90025\n\nRSVP: Facebook\n\nGiantRobot, AngryBananas.com, DESTRUCTOID & Meat Bun are proud to present GAME OVER – Art Inspired by Games.[/box_light][box_light]\n\nAstro Gaming Pre-E3 Party\n\nTime: 9PM-1AM\n\nLocation: The Line Hotel Lobby, 3515 Wilshire BLVD, Los Angeles\n\nRSVP: KnowFun\n\nMusic by Vashtie and Troublemaker[/box_light]\n\n[box_dark]Monday, June 09[/box_dark]\n\n[box_light]\n\nUplay Lounge\n\nTime: Daily from June 9-12\n\nLocation: The Standard LA, 550 S Flower St, Los Angeles, CA 90071\n\nRSVP: Uplay Members\n\nAre you a true gamer ? ", "Are you absolutely passionate about Ubisoft games? ", "The Uplay lounge is back this year with an even more immersive Ubisoft experience with more games, more demos, more goodies, more exclusive interviews… Live E3 from backstage with the Uplay lounge!", "\n\n[/box_light][box_light]\n\nGAME OVER: Art Inspired By Games\n\nTime: Open Daily\n\nLocation: Giant Robot, 2062 Sawtelle Blvd, Los Angeles, California 90025\n\nRSVP: Facebook\n\nGiantRobot, AngryBananas.com, DESTRUCTOID & Meat Bun are proud to present GAME OVER – Art Inspired by Games.", "\n\n[/box_light][box_light]\n\nRetro Game Gauntlet\n\nTime: 8PM-12AM\n\nLocation: Pehrspace, 325 Glendale Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90026\n\nRSVP: Facebook\n\nTHE RULES\n\nFIVE RANDOM GAMES: We will choose five random games ranging from NES to PSX era consoles. ", "Anything goes so be prepared.", "\n\nONE ROUND EACH: You will get one shot at each game to rack up a high score, fast lap time, quick knockout, or anything the game might require.", "\n\nRANK UP: Each score will be recorded and ranked against the other competitors. ", "High placements earn more points in the Gauntlet.", "\n\nWINNERS DON’T USE DRUGS: We’ll have some prizes available for the top placers, duh!", "\n\n******************\n\nMusic provided all night by Parallax Scroll! ", "https://soundcloud.com/ parallaxscroll\n\nDelicious Game-theme desserts provided by Digimunch Desserts –https://www.facebook.com/ digimunchdesserts\n\nOpen stations available! ", "Bring your own consoles or your cartridges and we’ll hook them up!", "\n\n[/box_light][box_light]\n\nFUTURE CREW presented by Devolver Digital\n\nTime: 8:30PM-2AM\n\nLocation: The Well, 1006 S. Olive Street, Los Angeles, California 90015\n\nInformation: Attract Mode\n\nTix: Eventbrite ($15+)\n\nALL AGES! ", "OPEN TO THE PUBLIC!", "\n\n$18 Presale Discount / $20 at the Door\n\nDJ sets by Daedelus × Chrome Canyon × Arcane Kids × Grimecraft\n\nPerformance by Doseone\n\nVisuals by Sam Newell • Johnny Woods • Daniel Rehn • Evan Shamoon\n\nOfficial Screenings of legendary demoscene works by The Future Crew!", "\n\nPlayable Videogames from Devolver Digital!", "\n\nAn Unwinnable Event / Food by Starry Kitchen / Hardware provided byAngryBananas.com / Proceeds benefit LA Game Space!", "\n\nDoors at 8:30 / First set at 9:00[/box_light]\n\n[box_dark]Tuesday, June 10[/box_dark]\n\n[box_light]\n\nLegend of Heroes XIII Global Launch Party\n\nTime: 5-9PM\n\nLocation: The Honeycut, 819 S. Flower Street, Los Angeles, Entrance in Alley\n\nTix: RSVP Free on Eventbrite\n\nOne lucky attendee will WIN a trip to Hong Kong for the HEROES XIII WORLD TOURNAMENT grand finals in July!", "\n\nOpen bar ** Taco buffet ** DJ Morse Code\n\n[/box_light][box_light]\n\nPocket Gamer’s Big Indie Pitch at E3 with ZQGame, Gree, and Samsung US\n\nTime: 5-8PM\n\nLocation: Bottle Rock, 1050 S. Flower St, Los Angeles\n\nInformation: Pocket Gamer\n\nTix: Eventbrite (Free)\n\nThe legendary Pocket Gamer Big Indie Pitch is back on the 10th June kindly sponsored by ZQGame, GREE and Samsung US!", "\n\nTaking place in the trendy Bottle Rock venue in the heart of the city, the pitch is the perfect chance to get your game into the hands of leading journalists from across the world. ", "Handing you 3 minutes with each journalist, attendees will get to sell the strength of their game as well as receiving invaluable feedback on how to take their idea further.", "\n\nTo get involved, all you have to do is RSVP to the event by CLICKING HERE and let us know all about your game. ", "We’ll then go through the entries, pick out our favourites and invite them along to be shown off in front of the assembled media dignitaries. ", "One word of warning though: you only have until the 30th May to get your entries in so get entering while you can.", "\n\nAnd if you’re not a developer simply want to come along and enjoy the show, then you’ll be pleased to know that you’re more than welcome to come along too. ", "Simply RSVP as a spectator below, bring along a business card and we’ll let you in. ", "There’ll be food, drink and excellent company so you really would be mad to miss out.", "\n\nSign up to the Big Indie Pitch in now and come take a swing at gaming super stardom![/box_light][box_light]\n\n★ Pocket Gamer Mobile Mixer at E3 ★\n\nTime: 8:30PM-12AM\n\nLocation: Bottle Rock, 1050 S. Flower St, Los Angeles\n\nInformation: Pocket Gamer\n\nTix: Eventbrite (Free)\n\nThe Pocket Gamer team are back in luscious Los Angeles for E3 and we’re hosting another one of our legendary mixers.", "\n\nTaking place on Tuesday 10th June at Bottle Rock our latest mobile mixer will be the perfect place to catch up with all the attendees at LA’s hottest conference.", "\n\nAs per usual, we’ll be hosting a fun and informative panel to help you get the conversation started. ", "With the help of one of the Pocket Gamer team and our wonderful sponsors from ZQGame and Everyplay our panellists will be coming together to talk about a hot topic in the mobile gaming world.", "\n\nBut that’s not all, of course. ", "After the constructive arguing has died down, we’ll be settling in to an evening full of fantastic conversation and brilliant beverages to help you turn those casual connections into brilliant business contacts. ", "And of course, we’ll have some of our team around to chat to in case you think you’ve got the next major story in mobile gaming on your hands.", "\n\nAs with all our events, we welcome all individuals working in the games industry – so please bring along your business card to gain entry at the door. ", "Mixers are always popular, so sign up now and avoid the queue![/box_light][box_light]\n\nGay Game Industry Professionals: SIXTH Annual E3 Party\n\nTime: 9PM-???", "\n\nLocation: Revolver Video Bar, 8851 Santa Monica Boulevard, West Hollywood, California 90069\n\nInformation: GGP: Gay Game Industry Professionals\n\nRSVP: Facebook\n\nIt’s Time to Kick Off our 6th ANNUAL GGP OUTING — join us for an evening of cocktail and revelry![/box_light][box_light]\n\nThe MIX 5 LA\n\nTime: 7PM-???", "\n\nLocation: Ten Ten Wilshire, 1010 Wilshire Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90017\n\nInformation: The MIX 5 LA\n\nRSVP: Website\n\nPresented by Media Indie Exchange and IndieCade\n\nThe Media Indie Exchange (MIX) is all about the games. ", "It was designed by indies and indie game enthusiasts with the primary focus of providing a casual yet professional setting for indie developers to demo their unreleased projects exclusively to the media and industry leaders behind closed doors.", "\n\nThis platform gives the press the opportunity to make connections with a diverse group of indies and get to the root of why we are passionate about great gaming experiences without distractions or filler.", "\n\nThe MIX 5 LA is being organized by MIX co-founders Interabang Entertainment and John Polson, with help from Indie Press Day, and held just a block away from the Los Angeles Convention Center during the first night of E3. ", "The event is differentiated from others by being one of the only evening happenings where playing fresh games is the main attraction.[/box_light][box_light]\n\nThe Video Game Show Comedy Show @UCBTLA\n\nTime: 7PM-???", "\n\nLocation: Upright Citizens Brigade LA, 5919 Franklin Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90028\n\nInformation: Upright Citizens Brigade Theater\n\nRSVP: $5 at door, First Come First Serve\n\nIn honor of E3, join your favorite comedians and fellow gamer brethren in a conversation about consoles, save files and Joust… oh sweet, JOUST!", "\n\nTHERE WILL BE AWARDS FOR BEST VIDEO GAME COSPLAY (HINT: SAMUS).[/box_light][box_light]\n\n8bitLA Presents FREE E3 PARTY AT EIGHTY TWO BARCADE\n\nTime: 6PM\n\nLocation: Eighty Two, 707 E. 4th Place, Los Angeles, California 90013\n\nInformation: Facebook\n\nRSVP: Facebook (Free, 21+)\n\nFeaturing live chiptune music from…\n\nChibi-Tech http:// chibitech.bandcamp.com/)\n\nLegendary chiptune / videogame composer from Japan performing in Los Angeles for her first time ever!!!", "\n\nSpace Boyfriend (http://spaceboyfriend.bandcamp.com/)\n\nTimon Marmex (http://timon.bandcamp.com/)\n\nWizwars (http://wizwars.bandcamp.com/)\n\nMEISHI SMILE (http:// meishismile.bandcamp.com/)\n\nSpace Town Savior (http:// spacetownsavior.bandcamp.co m/)\n\nand DJ SysOp!!!", "\n\n8bitLA, SoftEgg, and EightyTwo present the first ever E3 Chiptune Party featuring live chiptune music from Japan’s legendary chiptune / videogame composer Chibi-Tech in her first ever show in Los Angeles! ", "Also performing are the amazing Meishi Smile, Space Town Savior, WizWars, Space Boyfriend, Timon Marmex, and DJ Sysop!", "\n\nThe event is going to be held at Eighty Two, a new retro video game arcade and bar located in the Los Angeles Arts District, just on the edge of Little Tokyo in Downtown Los Angeles. ", "Eighty Two f eatures the best of vintage 80’s video arcade games in perfect condition, as well as vintage pinball machines of all eras in perfect working order, as well as a full bar with an excellent assortment of cocktails!", "\n\nCome for the music, stay for the games! ", "This is an amazing, once-in-a-lifetime event that you will not want to miss![/box_light][box_light]\n\nTwitch Bootie Mashup Party @ E3: Featuring DJ’s A+D!", "\n\nTime: 9:30PM-2AM\n\nLocation: The Exchange, 618 S Spring St, Los Angeles, CA 90015\n\nInformation/RSVP: Eventbrite (Free)\n\nYour favorite party, every year! ", "Age 21+. ", "Dress Code Enforced. ", "Sponsored by Turtle Beach.", "\n\n[/box_light][box_light]\n\nUplay Lounge\n\nTime: Daily from June 9-12\n\nLocation: The Standard LA, 550 S Flower St, Los Angeles, CA 90071\n\nRSVP: Uplay Members\n\nAre you a true gamer ? ", "Are you absolutely passionate about Ubisoft games? ", "The Uplay lounge is back this year with an even more immersive Ubisoft experience with more games, more demos, more goodies, more exclusive interviews… Live E3 from backstage with the Uplay lounge!", "\n\n[/box_light][box_light]\n\nGAME OVER: Art Inspired By Games\n\nTime: Open Daily\n\nLocation: Giant Robot, 2062 Sawtelle Blvd, Los Angeles, California 90025\n\nRSVP: Facebook\n\nGiantRobot, AngryBananas.com, DESTRUCTOID & Meat Bun are proud to present GAME OVER – Art Inspired by Games.[/box_light][box_light]\n\niAm8Bit’s The Future of Gaming Opening Reception\n\nTime: 6PM\n\nLocation: iAm8Bit, 2147 Sunset Blvd, Los Angeles, California 90026\n\nInformation/RSVP: Facebook (Free)\n\nIndustry Luminaries and Renowned Artists Conceptualize The Future of Videogames.", "\n\n\n\nFeaturing Theories from:\n\n* David Smith * Keiji Inafune * Kim Swift * Jesse Schell * Kellee Santiago * Lorne Lanning * Meggan Scavio * Nolan Bushnell * Seamus Blackley * Seth Killian * Ted Price * Tim Schafer * Warren Spector *\n\n…and Art by:\n\n* Boneface * Eden Soto * Henrik Johansson * Jude Buffum * Kelice Penney * Ken Garduno * Kevin Stanton * Mitch Ansara * Naomi White * Nicole Gustafsson * Theresa Huarte * Timothy J. Reynolds * Travis Chen *[/box_light]\n\n[box_dark]Wednesday, June 11[/box_dark]\n\n[box_light]\n\nVideo Games Live\n\nTime: 8PM\n\nLocation: Nokia Theater at LA Live, 777 Chick Hearn Ct, Los Angeles, CA 90015\n\nInformation: Video Games Live\n\nTix: $25.95-$75.95\n\nTHIS SPECIAL PERFORMANCE WILL BE TAKING PLACE RIGHT ACROSS THE STREET AND DURING THE BIG E3 VIDEO GAME CONVENTION! ", "EXPECT MANY SPECIAL GUESTS AND WORLD PREMIERES FROM AROUND THE WORLD!!", "\n\n\n\nULTIMATE GAMER V.I.P. EXPERIENCE PACKAGE (http:// www.videogameslive.com/ index.php?s=vip)\n\nPRE-CONCERT ACTIVITIES\n\n– Guitar Hero competition starts 1 hour prior to concert; winner plays on stage with the Symphony.", "\n\n– Costume contest with winner selected from the stage just prior to the concert.", "\n\n\n\nPOST-CONCERT ACTIVITIES\n\n– Meet and greet reception with game industry luminaries (open to all ticketholders)\n\n[/box_light][box_light]\n\nDigital LA – E3 Digital Drinks @ Continental Club\n\nTime: 7-9PM\n\nLocation: Continental, 116 W 4th Street, Los Angeles\n\nInformation: Eventbrite\n\nTix: Free with E3 Badge\n\nJoin us for our Digital Drinks during E3 at the new Continental Club in downtown LA. ", "Catch up with friends u didn’t get a chance to find / meet on the show floor. ", "Trade notes with fellow attendees and friends on your fave E3 news, parties, etc. ", "Cash bar. ", "Drink specials available for our group when you like the Continental Club facebook page.", "\n\nFREE to attend when you flash your E3 pass, just register so you’re on our list.", "\n\n[/box_light][box_light]\n\nWIGI Wonderland: Breaking Through The Looking Glass Ceiling\n\nTime: 7PM-12AM\n\nLocation: Belasco Theater, 1050 S. Hill Street, LA 90015\n\nInformation: Event PDF | Website\n\nTix: Free with E3 Badge, please donate to the cause\n\nVisit WIGI and help sponsor this great event!", "\n\nA mash up of two current topics. ", "Busting out the political topic of women and minority’s struggles to “break through the glass ceiling” inspired by Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland and “Through the Looking Glass”.", "\n\nGet it??…. ", "glass ceiling…. ", "looking glass.", "\n\nThis year’s EXTRAVAGANZA will be extra meaningful, and even more fun to explore! ", "Interactive displays and installment featuring high‐tech attractions and entertainment to inspire a creative audience. ", "Bringing the core values of WIGI upfront by highlighting a diverse environment and the strength of the game industry as it pushes for a Breaking of the Glass Ceiling!", "\n\n[/box_light][box_light]\n\nPocketGamer’s E3 Party with Gamevil and Chukong\n\nTime: 7PM-11PM\n\nLocation: Belasco Theater, 1050 S. Hill Street, LA 90015\n\nInformation: PocketGamer\n\nTix: Eventbrite (Free)\n\nThe Pocket Gamer crew are back in Los Angeles for E3! ", "As anyone who attends E3 will know, the only place to be is at the Pocket Gamer party!", "\n\nOur Hawaiian themed party is on the 11th June and sponsored by the almighty Gamevil and Chukong. ", "We’ll be opening up LA’s Belasco Theatre’s Ballroom to your weary E3 bodies so you can party your pains away.", "\n\nAll you have to do is sign up to the event on this page, bring a business card and your best Hawaiian outfit…It’s that easy!", "\n\nWe’ll have a photobooth in action with genuine Hawaiian props to go crazy with as well as a DJ who’ll be settling us all into a lovely Luau before things go loco later on.", "\n\nSo come say aloha to Pocket Gamer at our Hawaiian E3 party – we’re going to be bringing the spirit of the 50th state into town!", "\n\nRSVP below and come early to avoid the long queues outside! ", "As with all our events they are FREE to attend for anyone working in the games industry.", "\n\n***Please note RSVP’s are limited to the 4 attendees per company (this does not apply to the event sponsors!) ", "A current business card MUST be presented on entry***\n\n[/box_light][box_light]\n\nIGDA E3 Networking Mixer\n\nTime: 6PM-9PM\n\nLocation: Figueroa Hotel, Tangier Room, 939 S Figueroa St, Los Angeles, CA 90015\n\nInformation: IGDA\n\nTix: Eventbrite (Free or Donation)\n\nOnce again the IGDA will be hosting a professional networking event at E3 2014! ", "This event provides a casual atmosphere designed for networking, discussion and relaxing after a busy day on the show floor (or in constant meetings) – and without needing to shouting over really loud music! ", "Snacks are provided and IGDA members receive two free drink tickets while tickets last. (", "Not a member? ", "Join today!)", "\n\nDon’t miss this opportunity to attend what some attendees in 2013 called “the best evening event at E3.”", "\n\nPlease note that RSVP is requested for planning purposes only. ", "An RSVP is not required to attend and does not guarantee admittance should the event reach capacity.[/box_light][box_light]\n\nSunset Overdrive Event at Century City Microsoft Store hosted by Major Nelson\n\nTime: 6PM-9PM\n\nLocation: Century City Microsoft Store, 10250 Santa Monica Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90067\n\nInformation: Major Nelson Blog\n\nTix: Free Admission\n\nInsomniac Games is taking the Sunset Overdrive E3 show floor experience outside of the LA Convention Center for one night only! ", "Join us at the Century City Microsoft store to be among the first gamers to go hands on with this upcoming Xbox One exclusive. ", "Attendees will also have the chance to meet the Insomniacs that make Sunset Overdrive and Xbox Live’s Major Nelson. ", "Ice cold Overcharge Delirium XT awaits! (", "Yes, seriously)[/box_light][box_light]\n\nVRLA Mixer\n\nTime: 7-10PM\n\nLocation: Ace Hotel, 929 S Broadway, Los Angeles, CA 90015\n\nTix: Eventbrite (Waitlist)\n\nYou’re invited to the first annual Virtual Reality Los Angeles E3 Mixer! ", "Join us for a night of VR fun in downtown LA, just a few blocks from E3. ", "Mix and mingle with fellow VR enthusiasts and discover VR games you won’t find on the show floor.", "\n\nThe party will be hosted at the Ace Hotel in Segovia Hall (2nd floor) and will transition to the roof, where DJ Chrome Canyon will be spinning some extra fresh beats. ", "First 100 drinks are on us!", "\n\nWe kindly request that each guest RSVP on this page. ", "The event is 21+[/box_light][box_light]\n\nGAME OVER: Art Inspired By Games\n\nTime: Open Daily\n\nLocation: Giant Robot, 2062 Sawtelle Blvd, Los Angeles, California 90025\n\nRSVP: Facebook\n\nGiantRobot, AngryBananas.com, DESTRUCTOID & Meat Bun are proud to present GAME OVER – Art Inspired by Games.", "\n\n[/box_light][box_light]\n\nUplay Lounge\n\nTime: Daily from June 9-12\n\nLocation: The Standard LA, 550 S Flower St, Los Angeles, CA 90071\n\nRSVP: Uplay Members\n\nAre you a true gamer ? ", "Are you absolutely passionate about Ubisoft games? ", "The Uplay lounge is back this year with an even more immersive Ubisoft experience with more games, more demos, more goodies, more exclusive interviews… Live E3 from backstage with the Uplay lounge!", "\n\n[/box_light]\n\n[box_dark]Thursday, June 12[/box_dark]\n\n[box_light]\n\nGAME OVER: Art Inspired By Games\n\nTime: Open Daily\n\nLocation: Giant Robot, 2062 Sawtelle Blvd, Los Angeles, California 90025\n\nRSVP: Facebook\n\nGiantRobot, AngryBananas.com, DESTRUCTOID & Meat Bun are proud to present GAME OVER – Art Inspired by Games.[/box_light][box_light]\n\nUplay Lounge\n\nTime: Daily from June 9-12\n\nLocation: The Standard LA, 550 S Flower St, Los Angeles, CA 90071\n\nRSVP: Uplay Members\n\nAre you a true gamer ? ", "Are you absolutely passionate about Ubisoft games? ", "The Uplay lounge is back this year with an even more immersive Ubisoft experience with more games, more demos, more goodies, more exclusive interviews… Live E3 from backstage with the Uplay lounge!", "\n\n[/box_light][box_light]\n\n8BitLA & CIA’s E3 Afterparty ft Radioactive Chicken Heads, Mega Ran, Space Boyfriend and Wizwars\n\nTime: 8PM\n\nLocation: California Institute of Abnormalarts, 11334 Burbank Blvd, North Hollywood, CA\n\nTIX: $10 at Door\n\nThursday, June 12th – The ultimate E3 at the WEIRDEST venue in Los Angeles! ", "Check it:\n\n\n\nTHE RADIOACTIVE CHICKEN HEADS\n\nRANDOM aka MEGA RAN\n\nSPACE BOYFRIEND\n\nWIZWARS\n\nwith VISUALS BY VJ TIM ABAD\n\nDoors at 8pm\n\nAll Ages\n\n$10\n\nat the California Institute of Abnormalarts\n\n11334 Burbank Blvd, North Hollywood CA[/box_light][box_light]\n\nAnnual GameDev E3 Drinkup\n\nTime: 6-9PM\n\nLocation: Broadway Bar, 830 S Broadway, LA\n\nRSVP: Facebook\n\nThis month we celebrate E3 with our annual DrinkUp in Downtown LA. ", "If you’ll be attending E3 this year, we encourage you to join us for a special evening of free drinks from Twitch [first 50 in the door], raffles and a special DJ set with chiptune and nerdcore hip-hop artist, MegaRan!", "\n\nE3 – Los Angeles – RSVP\n\n50 free drinks by Twitch\n\nContact: @JonathanHawkins – Jonathan Hawkins[/box_light]" ]

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[ "285 F.2d 397\nNATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD, Petitioner,v.INTERNATIONAL HOD CARRINES, BUILDING AND COMMON LABORERS'UNION OF AMERICA, LOCAL NO. ", "1140, AFL-CIO, Respondent.", "\nNo. ", "16538.", "\nUnited States Court of Appeals Eighth Circuit.", "\nDec. 22, 1960.", "\n\nAllan I. Mendelsohn, Atty., ", "N.L.R.B., Washington, D.C., for National Labor Relations Board. ", " Stuart Rothman, Gen. Counsel, Dominick L. Manoli, Associate Gen. Counsel, Marcel Mallet-Prevost, Asst. ", "Gen. Counsel, Allison W. Brown, Jr., and Richard J. Scupi, Attys., ", "N.L.R.B., Washington, D.C., on the brief.", "\nMozart G. Ratner, Washington, D.C, for respondents. ", " David D. Weinberg, Omaha, Neb., on the brief.", "\nBefore WOODROUGH, VAN OOSTERHOUT, and MATTHES, Circuit Judges.", "\nMATTHES, Circuit Judge.", "\n\n\n1\nThis is what is commonly referred to as a secondary boycott case. ", " Gilmore Construction Company was the general contractor for the construction of a new building at South High School, Omaha, Nebraska. ", " Simpson Company was a subcontractor for Gilmore at the project. ", " Upon complaint of Gilmore, the Board filed charges against respondent, herein called 'union,' charging that in furtherance of a labor dispute with Simpson, Union had engaged in unfair labor practices within the meaning of 8(b)(4)(i) and (ii)(B) of the Labor Management Relations Act, 1947, as amended by the Labor-Management Reporting and Disclosure Act of 1959, 29 U.S.C.A. 158(b)(4)(i)(ii)(B), hereinafter referred to as 'Act.' ", " The same activities of the Union also caused the Board to petition the United States District Court for the District of Nebraska for an injunction (which was granted) and upon stipulation, the parties hereto waived a hearing before a Trial Examiner, and submitted this case to the Board upon certain documents and the transcript of the proceeding in the injunction action, Hugh E. Sperry, Regional Director v. International Hod Carriers, Etc., ", "Local 1140. ", " The case is now before us on petition of the Board for enforcement of its order against Union, the Board having found that Union had violated the aforementioned section of the Act.", "\n\n\n2\nThere is no controversy as to the facts, which disclose that on November 20, 1958, Gilmore had eight subcontractors working on the school building, and among them was Simpson. ", " On that day Simpson hired several non-union 'day laborers' through the Nebraska Unemployment Bureau, for work on what was otherwise on all-union project. ", " Union's business agent Otte appeared on the job at about 2:00 P.M. and instructed the non-union laborers to stop work. ", " At the same time he told Joe Tripp, one of Gilmore's laborers, and a member of Union, to discontinue working and Tripp complied. ", " When Simpson's foreman inquired of Otte, 'What do we have to do to keep from having a picket put on the job?', ", "he was told to 'meet wages and conditions.' ", " When the foreman indicated he was willing to pay the men wages based on Union's scale, Otte informed him further 'you will have to pay them all for eight hours, and the company will have to sign a contract with the Union.' ", " On the same afternoon, november 20, Union picketed the job with a sign carrying the legend:\n\n\n3\nSimpson Co.\n\nRefuses to Pay\nUnion Wages\n\n4\n& Conditions\n\nLaborers Local 1140\nThis Dispute With Above\nEmployer Only\n\n5\nOn the following day, Saturday, November 21, Otte telephoned Mr. Van Scoy, secretary of Gilmore, and advised him the project would be picketed the following Monday unless the non-union laborers were paid union scale for their work the previous day, and Simpson signed a union contract. ", " On the same day, when the owner of Simpson received similar advice from Otte, he agreed to comply with the wage demand but refused to sign a contract.", "\n\n\n6\nOn Monday, November 23, picketing by Otte brought the project to a standstill as none of the employees of any employer would cross the picket line. ", " On that day, Van Scoy advised Otte that there would be no more non-union laborers on the job, that Gilmore would furnish laborers for all unloading work which Simpson might require, and he requested Otte to discontinue picketing, but Otte refused. ", " When Van Scoy asked Otte, 'What do we have to do?' ", " Otte replied, 'You will have to get the AGC contractors to blacklist Simpson and not allow him on any of your jobs.", "'1 Van Scoy further testified that on this occasion Otte stated: 'If Kiewit or any other contractor in Omaha had Simpson on his job and he had non-Union laborers (we) would picket the job just the same as (yours).'2 It also appears without dispute that on the following Friday, November 27, George Gilmore discussed the situation with Leonard Schaeffer, assistant business agent of Union. ", " Apparently Schaeffer was complaining because the injunction proceeding had been instituted, and when Bilmore indicated that such action was necessary to get the pickets off the job, Schaeffer stated: 'Well, you can run Simpson Company off the job.'", "\n\n\n7\nPickets remained on the job site daily from November 20 to December 4, 1959, when they were removed pursuant to the temporary restraining order issued by the United States District Court for the District of Nebraska.", "\n\n\n8\nUpon these facts, the Board found (1) that Union had 'induced and encouraged' secondary employees to cease work within the meaning of 8(b)(4)(i)(B); (2) that there was 'coercion and restraint' of a secondary employer within the meaning of 8(b)(4)(ii)(B); (3) that Union's picketing had the unlawful 'secondary boycott' objective of forcing Gilmore to cease doing business with Simpson; (4) that, inasmuch as Union was not certified as the bargaining representative of Simpson's employees, the picketing had the unlawful 'recognition' objective proscribed by the Act.", "\n\n\n9\nBroadly stated, the question is whether the challenged activities of Union fall within the practices proscribed by 8(b)(4)(i) and (ii)(B) of the Act. ", " Insofar as pertinent here, that section provides:\n\n\n10\n'(b) It shall be an unfair labor practice for a labor organization or its agents-- * * *\n\n\n11\n'(4)(i) to engage in, or to induce or encourage any individual employed by any person engaged in commerce * * * to engage in, a strike or a refusal * * * to perform any services; or\n\n\n12\n'(ii) to threaten, coerce, or restrain any person engaged in commerce * * * where in iether case an object thereof is'(B) forcing or requiring any person to * * * cease doing business with any other person, or forcing or requiring any other employer to recognize or bargain with a labor organization as the representative of his employees unless such labor organization has been certified as the representative of such employees under the provisions of 9 * * * Provided, That nothing contained in this clause (B) shall be construed to make unlawful, where not otherwise unlawful, any primary strike or primary picketing.", "'3\n\n\n13\nThe narrow question is,-- what was the real purpose of the challenged conduct? ", " Union contends that the picketing was primary, aimed solely at Simpson, and that viewing the record as a whole, there is no substantial evidence to support the Board's findings. ", " To implement this assertion the argument is advanced that Union was engaged in a primary labor dispute with Simpson, which in essence involved Simpson's method of employing casual laborers. ", " In the words of Union's brief: 'The Union demanded that Simpson sign a contract binding itself, interalia, to hire such laborers, when it needed them, through the Union hiring hall; Simpson refused. ", " The Union picketed to induce Simpson to yield.'", "\n\n\n14\nWhile it has long been recognized that picketing, otherwise lawful, will not run afoul of the statute simply because employees of neutral employers do honor the picket line, and that this is one of the lawful benefits which may be expected to accrue from such union activities, nevertheless, 8(b)(4)(i)(ii)(B) specifically sets out the legal limits of such picketing, i.e. the union may not 'induce, coerce, or restrain' neutral employees or employers with the unlawful object of effecting secondary boycotts.", "\n\n\n15\nThe issue we have for determination is less complicated in instrances in which the picketing is directed against the primary situs of the dispute, but becomes more difficult of resolution when a common situs is involved. ", " Concededly, this is a 'common situs' case, i.e., one where a neutral employer is engaged along with the primary employer, in different activities on the same premises. ", " National Labor Relations Board v. Denver Bldg. & ", "Const. ", "Trades Council, 341 U.S. 675, 71 S.Ct. ", "943, 95 L.Ed. ", "1284, presented such a situation. ", " The Supreme Court sustained the Board in its finding that the strike had a proscribed object and came within the ambit of 8(b)(4)(A), the predecessor to 8(b)(4)(i) and (ii)(B), stating, 341 U.S. at page 692, 71 S.Ct. ", "at page 953:\n\n\n16\n'In the views of the Board as applied to this case we find conformity with the dual congressional objectives of preserving the right of labor organizations to bring pressure to bear on offending employers in primary labor disputes and of shielding unoffending employers and others from pressures in controversies not their own.'", "\n\n\n17\nTo resolve the numerous problems which stem from common situs activities, and in order to protect the Union's right to carry on its lawful activities against the primary employer, as well as to adequately protect the neutral employers and employees, strangers to the dispute, certain evidentiary standards were evolved for distinguishing between primary and secondary picketing at a common situs. ", " These may be stated as the 'Moore Dry Dock tests,' Sailors' United of the Pacific, AFL and Moore Dry Dock Company, 92 N.L.R.B. 547. ", " Under the situation presented in that case, the Board ruled that picketing the premises of a secondary employer is primary if it meets the following conditions:\n\n\n18\n'a) The picketing is strictly limited to times when the situs of dispute is located on the secondary employer's premises; b) at the time of the picketing the primary employer is engaged in its normal business at the situs; c) the picketing is limited to places reasonably close to the location of the situs; and d) the picketing discloses clearly that the dispute is with the primary employer.'", "\n\n\n19\nThe Union argues that all of these tests were met in this instance-- ergo. ", " The picketing was lawful.", "\n\n\n20\nThere is much discussion by the parties as to the second test, i.e., whether Simpson was engaged in its normal business at the construction site; that Board urges that it was not-- that no employees within the Union's jurisdiction were at work upon the project after the first day of picketing, and that picketing could have no meaningful appeal to other employees of Simpson. ", " On the other hand, the Union urges that Simpson was very much 'on the job'; that its materials and other workmen remained upon the project, that the dispute was a continuing one, and that Simpson would be free to hire other casual laborers at any time. ", " Union rests its position on our holding in Local 618, etc. ", "v. National Labor Relations Bd., ", "8 Cir., ", "249 F.2d 332, and the cases of Seafarers International Union, Etc. ", "v. N.L.R.B., 105 U.S.App.", "D.C. 211, 265 F.2d 585, and National Labor Relations Bd. ", "v. General Drivers, Etc., ", "5 Cir., ", "225 F.2d 205, certiorari denied 350 U.S. 914, 76 S.Ct. ", "198, 100 L.Ed. ", "801. ", " Local 618, supra, while not entirely inapposite, has features which render it clearly distinguishable. ", " There, the picketing was carried on at the premises of the primary employer, so that a 'primary' rather than a 'common' situs situation existed and this feature caused the court to make this observation, 249 F.2d at page 336:\n\n\n21\n'We emphasize that in our present case the strike was at the business situs of the struck employer. ", " The legality of the strike and picketing at all stations prior to August 8, 1955, is conceded, and the legality of the strike and picketing at the stations other than Manchester subsequent to August 8, 1955, is not questioned.'", "\n\n\n22\nIn Local 618, we held that the temporary cessation of picketing of the primary employer's premises did not change the character of the picketing when resumed, so that it could properly be said that it was for an illegal purpose. ", " In other words, the previous legal activity was not transformed into unlawful conduct because the primary employees were temporarily removed from the premises. ", " It may well be that under proper circumstances temporary removal of primary employees from premises occupied by secondary employers and employees will not transform a picket line from a legal one to an illegal one, but we are satisfied that on this record that rule has no application. ", " The facts in Seafarers International Union, supra, and General Divers. ", " Ect., ", "supra, are likewise distinguishable In those cases, it appears there was a total absence of proof of unlawful encouragement, coercion, etc., ", "of secondary employees, and further, the the labor organizations there involved took affirmative action to make it clear that their picketing was directed solely at the primary employer.", "\n\n\n23\nApart from the fact that the above cases are factually dissimilar, it is our view that Union assumes too much by proceeding upon the theory that the Moore Dry Dock tests are the single guide for our decision. ", " It must be remembered that these tests were set up for the purpose of determining the character of the picketing, that they are evidentiary in nature, and they are to be employed in the absence of more direct evidence of the intent and purposes of the labor organization. ", " This conclusion is implicit in the cases relied upon by Union, which have accorded wide approval of the Moore Dry Dock tests, national Labor Relations Bd. ", "v. Associated Musicians, 2 Cir., ", "226 F.2d 900, 906, certiorari denied 351 U.S. 962, 76 S.Ct. ", "1025, 100 L.Ed. ", "1482; Piezonki v. National Labor Relations Board, 4 Cir., ", "219 F.2d 879, 881; National Labor Relations Bd. ", "v. General Drivers Etc., ", "supra, 225 F.2d at page 209; National Labor Rel. ", "Bd. ", "v. Chauffeurs, Teamsters, Etc., ", "7 Cir., ", "212 F.2d 216, 219; National Labor Relations Board v. Local Union No. ", "55, 10 Cir., ", "218 F.2d 226, 231; Seafarers International Union, Etc., ", "v. N.L.R.B., supra, 265 F.2d at pages 591-592; and indeed in the Moore Dry Dock case itself, 92 NLRB at pages 550-551.", "\n\n\n24\nIn the case before us, there was ample direct, and uncontradicted evidence pointing to the intent of Union, and we believe the Board could have arrived at no other conclusion than that the activities here were intended to 'induce and encourage' secondary employees to cease work; to 'coerce and restrain' Gilmore; to force Gilmore to cease doing business with Simpson; and to bring about the unlawful 'recognition' objective proscribed by the Act, 8(b)(4)(i)(ii)(B).", "\n\n\n25\nIn the alternative, Union asserts that it had the right to picket Gilmore as a primary employer under the 'ally doctrine,' see National Lab. ", " Rel. ", "Bd. ", "v. Business Mach. & ", "Office A., Etc., ", "2 Cir., ", "228 F.2d 553, certiorari denied 351 U.S. 962, 76 S.Ct. ", "1025, 100 L.Ed. ", "1483. ", " This point is based upon Gilmore's offer to supply its own laborers whenever needed by Simpson for the purposes of unloading trucks, etc.", "\n\n\n26\nThis contention was not advanced before the Board, and the Union has raised the issue for the first time on this appeal. ", " Section 10(e) of the Act, 29 U.S.C.A. 160(e), provides that, absent extraordinary circumstances, 'No objection that has not been urged before the Board * * * shall be considered by the court,' and the failure to raise such issue precludes Union from raising it here. ", " See National Labor Relations Board v. Cheney Cal. ", " Lumber Co., 327 U.S. 385, 388-389, 66 S.Ct. ", "553, 90 L.Ed. ", "739; Marshall Field & Co. v. National Labor Relations Board, 318 U.S. 253, 255, 63 S.Ct. ", "585, 87 L.Ed. ", "744; National Labor Relations Bd. ", "v. Associated Musicians, supra, 226 F.2d at page 907.", "\n\n\n27\nThe Union also attempts to attack the Board's conclusions as to the weight and portent of the undisputed evidence, asserting as one point, that there was no evidence that Union knew that Tripp was an employee of Gilmore, and that the Board failed to specifically find that Union induced an employee, i.e., Tripp to cease work. ", " Obviously, this is a grasping for straws. ", " The Board's findings were:\n\n\n28\n'In view of Otte's instruction to secondary employee Tripp to stop working on the very first day of the picketing, and the fact that the picketing continued after the primary Simpson employees were no longer on the job and Respondent had been told by Gilmore that they would not be used on the job again, we find that the Respondent 'induced and encouraged' secondary employees to cease work within the meaning of Section 8(b)(4)(i)(B).'", "\n\n\n29\nWhile there is no direct evidence to establish that Otte knew that Tripp was a Gilmore employee, it is undisputed that Tripp was a member of Union, and since Union's grievance with Simpson sprang from the latter's failure to employ union laborers, the logical deduction is that Otte knew that Tripp was not employed by Simpson. ", " At the time of the incident Tripp was assisting another Gilmore employee in unloading a truck. ", " The aggregate of these circumstances would cause any prudent person to at least make further inquiry before pursuing the rather drastic course followed by Otte.", "\n\n\n30\nIn any event, in view of the evidence heretofore discussed, it seems clear beyond question that secondary employees were induced to cease work, within the meaning of the Act, and Tripp's employment status, as such, is immaterial.", "\n\n\n31\nUnion also attempts to demonstrate the legality of its objectives by citing us to 8(f) of the 1959 amendments, which in summary provides that it shall not be an unfair labor practice under subsections (a) and (b) of 8 for a labor organization and an employer engaged primarily in the building and construction industry, to enter into a hiring-hall agreement. ", " Although Congress has given validity to such an agreement, voluntarily entered into by the parties, we find no congressional approval of the use of strikes or picketing to compel execution of a prehire agreement. ", " Indeed, the legislative history indicates the contrary to be true. ", " The Conference report which deals with the subject, states: 'The conference adopted the provision of the Senate bill permitting prehire agreements in the building and construction industry. ", " Nothing in such provision is intended to restrict the applicability of the hiring hall provisions enunciated in the Mountain Pacific case (119 N.L.R.B. 883, 893) or to authorize the use of force, coercion, strikes, or picketing to compel any person to enter into such prehire agreements.' ", " See U.S.Code Congressional and Administrative News, 86th Cong. ", "1st Sess., ", "1959, at page 2514. ", " National Labor Relations Board v. Drivers Local Union No. ", "639, 362 U.S. 274, 89 S.Ct. ", "706, 4 L.Ed.2d 710, relied on by Union, is inapposite. ", " There the question was whether peaceful picketing by a union, which did not represent a majority of the employees, constitutes restraint or coercion of employees in the exercise of their rights guaranteed by 7, thus being an unfair labor practice under 8(b)(1) (A) of the Act of 1947.", "\n\n\n32\nInasmuch as the evidence here fully supports the finding that Union was engaged in secondary boycott activities, in violation of the Act, we need not determine the area of Union's rights, as against Simpson, the primary employer, since 8(b)(4)(i)(ii), specifically outlaws secondary picketing when its purpose is to force the employer to bargain with the union as the representative of his employees, unless the union has been certified by the Board. ", " It was stipulated here that Union was not so certified.4\n\n\n33\nUnion also asserts that the comments made to Gilmore did not constitute threats or coercion, but were merely privileged statements of a lawful position. ", " There is no merit in this contention. ", " 'Requests and threats addressed * * * to employers, even though not illegal in themselves * * * may be considered in determining the motives for picketing.' ", " National Labor Relations Bd. ", "v. Associated Musicians, supra, 226 F.2d at page 904. ", " In determining whether the picketing here involved was for unlawful purposes proscribed by the Act, it need only be said that the comments and statements of Union agents speak for themselves.", "\n\n\n34\nThe order entered by the Board directs Union to cease and desist from:\n\n\n35\n'Emgaging in or inducing * * * employees of Gilmore Construction Company, or any other employer, to engage in strikes or refusals in the course of their employment * * * to perform any services, or to threaten, coerce, or restrain Gilmore Construction Company, or any other employer * * * where an object thereof is to force or require Gilmore Construction Company, or any other employer or person, to cease doing business with Simpson Company (or any other employer), or an object thereof is to force or require Simpson Company, (or any other employer), to recognize or bargain with the Respondent, in the absence of a certification as bargaining representative of the employees of such employer.'", "\n\n\n36\nUnion contends that the Board's order is too broad in two respects: (1) it fails to provide that Union shall have the right to engage in primary strikes and primary picketing against Simpson, and (2) it encompasses not only Gilmore and his subcontractors on the school project in Omaha, Nebraska, but other employers.", "\n\n\n37\nIn amending 158(b)(4) of the Act, Congress made it clear that it was not attempting to prevent lawful primary picketing or primary striking. ", " See proviso to 158(b)(4)(ii)(B) of the 1959 amendment. ", " However, we cannot agree that, unless the language of the proviso is incorporated in the order, Union's rights, as clearly safeguarded by the statute, will in any way be impaired. ", " By explicit terms, the order is designed to prohibit only that conduct which is proscribed by the statute, that is, picketing or striking for an unlawful purpose. ", " We cannot perceive of anyone suggesting that the order can rationally be construed to prohibit lawful primary picketing or lawful primary striking.", "\n\n\n38\nWhile there is more substance to Union's second objection, it cannot be sustained in its entirety. ", " In case No. ", "16,511, opinion filed this day, 285 F.2d 394, another action against Union, the sole question presented involved the validity of the broad order. ", " There, unlike the instant situation, the Board did not find that Union had pursued other unlawful practices, neither was there any evidence of a clear purpose to violate the Act or an intention to do so in the furture.5 Here we have probative evidence indicating that Union has engaged in prior illegal conduct of the same or similar type forming the basis for the instant charge. ", " Indeed, in No 16,511, supra, Union in effect conceded on appeal that its picketing of the project was for an unlawful purpose proscribed by 8(b)(4)(A) and (B) of the Act and that an appropriate order should be entered. ", " It is not without significance that the instant unfair labor conduct had its inception approximately 7 months after the incident in No. ", "16,511, supra, (April 27, 1959) and that in both instances the same pattern of action was pursued by Union. ", " We are also mindful that in International Brotherhood of Teamsters, Etc., ", "116 N.L.R.B. 461, Union was found to have engaged in unlawful picketing and secondary activities directed against numerous contractors in connection with its primary dispute with the Ready Mixed Cement Company.", "\n\n\n39\nThus we have not only prior violations but, as we have seen, threats of future transgressions which are sufficient to demonstrate to us a proclivity for unlawful conduct requiring the imposition of an order which will prohibit Union from exerting pressure not only upon Gilmore but upon other neutral employers for purposes declared unlawful by 8(b)(4)(i) and (ii)(B). ", " International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers, etc. ", "v. National Labor Relations Board, 341 U.S. 694, at pages 705, 706, 71 S.Ct. ", "954, 95 L.Ed. ", "1299; National Labor Relations Board v. Express Pub. ", "Co., supra, 312 U.S. 426, 61 S.Ct. ", "693. ", " However, upon the record before us, we observe that the threats of future unlawful activities were directed and confined solely to Union's grievance with Simpson Company; therefore, that portion of the order included in parentheses, 'or any other employer' following the words 'Simpson Company' being without factual support, should be stricken. ", " Compare N.L.R.B. v. United Brotherhood of Carpenters, Etc., ", "7 Cir., ", "276 F.2d 694; N.L.R.B. v. Bangor Building Trades Council, AFL-CIO, 1 Cir., ", "278 F.2d 287, 291.", "\n\n\n40\nThe order is modified by striking the words 'or any other employer' appearing in parentheses in the order above quoted, and following the words 'Simpson Company,' and as so modified the order will be enforced.", "\n\n\n\n1\n Van Scoy was president of Associated General Contractors of Nebraska and president of the Omaha Employers Association of AGC\n\n\n2\n See N.L.R.B. v. International Hod Carriers, etc., ", "8 Cir., ", "285 F.2d 394, in which Union concededly engaged in unlawful conduct proscribed by 8(b)(4)(A) and (B) of The Labor Management Relations Act of 1947. ", " There, Peter Kiewit Sons' Company was the secondary employer\n\n\n3\n By the 1959 amendments, the scope of the prohibition against conduct aimed at achieving unlawful objectives proscribed by the Act, has been broadened. ", " Under 8(b)(4) of the 1947 Act, the inducement of 'employees' to engage in a 'concerted refusal' to perform services was prohibited, whereas under 8(b)(4) (i) of the 1959 Act, inducing or encouraging an individual employee to refuse to work, is also proscribed. ", " Additionally, we observe that whereas the 1947 Act aimed at prohibiting secondary boycotts by outlawing inducement of employees of a neutral employer to cease work, the 1959 amendment, 8(b)(4)(ii), broadens the scope of the prohibition by making it unlawful to 'theraten, coerce, or restrain any person engaged in commerce.'", "\n\n\n4\n 8(b)(7), added by the 1959 amendment, provides new limitations upon picketing for the object of forcing or requiring an employer to recognize or bargain with a labor organization unless such labor organization is certified as the representative of the employees involved. ", " For discussion of 'organization' and 'recognitional' picketing, see National Labor Relations Board v. Drivers Local Union, supra, 362 U.S. at pages 282-292, 80 S.Ct. ", "706\n\n\n5\n See Communications Workers of America v. N.L.R.B., 362 U.S. 479, 80 S.Ct. ", "838, 4 L.Ed.2d 896; National Labor Relations Board v. Express Pub. ", "Co., 312 U.S. 426, 433, 61 S.Ct. ", "693, 85 L.Ed. ", "930; May Department Stores Co. v. National Labor Relations Board, 326 U.S. 376, at pages 388-392, 66 S.Ct. ", "203, 90 L.Ed. ", "145\n\n\n" ]

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[ "Q:\n\nPhone calls using the mobile network are blocked by your administrator blackberry\n\nBB z10 giving me error of\n\nphone calls using the mobile network are blocked by your administrator\n\ni also try to flash again with this latest firmware with auto loader. ", "How to solve this issue?.", "\n\nA:\n\nI have updated my phone over wifi and its solved my problem.", "\n\n" ]

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[ "nd 184.", "\n8\nCalculate the highest common factor of 860 and 640.", "\n20\nCalculate the highest common divisor of 161 and 126.", "\n7\nWhat is the greatest common factor of 23 and 1127?", "\n23\nWhat is the highest common divisor of 448 and 64?", "\n64\nWhat is the highest common divisor of 68 and 1003?", "\n17\nCalculate the greatest common factor of 28 and 84.", "\n28\nCalculate the highest common factor of 40 and 136.", "\n8\nWhat is the highest common factor of 24 and 3408?", "\n24\nWhat is the highest common factor of 7 and 1918?", "\n7\nCalculate the highest common factor of 118 and 56522.", "\n118\nWhat is the highest common factor of 11 and 55?", "\n11\nWhat is the greatest common divisor of 228 and 18012?", "\n228\nCalculate the highest common divisor of 143 and 33.", "\n11\nCalculate the highest common factor of 1507 and 1370.", "\n137\nCalculate the highest common factor of 9348 and 41.", "\n41\nWhat is the highest common factor of 1813 and 343?", "\n49\nWhat is the greatest common divisor of 276 and 1472?", "\n92\nCalculate the greatest common factor of 1022 and 1387.", "\n73\nCalculate the highest common factor of 12 and 90996.", "\n12\nCalculate the greatest common factor of 8205 and 120.", "\n15\nCalculate the highest common factor of 2064 and 144.", "\n48\nCalculate the greatest common divisor of 15 and 345.", "\n15\nWhat is the greatest common factor of 248 and 88?", "\n8\nWhat is the highest common divisor of 112 and 2096?", "\n16\nCalculate the highest common divisor of 266 and 190.", "\n38\nCalculate the greatest common factor of 56 and 1708.", "\n28\nCalculate the greatest common divisor of 441 and 9.", "\n9\nWhat is the greatest common factor of 305 and 122?", "\n61\nCalculate the greatest common factor of 996 and 456.", "\n12\nCalculate the greatest common divisor of 1431 and 81.", "\n27\nWhat is the highest common factor of 12 and 129?", "\n3\nCalculate the highest common divisor of 175 and 280.", "\n35\nCalculate the greatest common divisor of 121 and 61.", "\n1\nWhat is the highest common factor of 532 and 4?", "\n4\nWhat is the greatest common factor of 17650 and 350?", "\n50\nCalculate the greatest common divisor of 8 and 488.", "\n8\nWhat is the greatest common factor of 17 and 425?", "\n17\nWhat is the greatest common divisor of 216 and 696?", "\n24\nCalculate the highest common divisor of 1107 and 54.", "\n27\nCalculate the greatest common divisor of 114 and 38.", "\n38\nWhat is the greatest common divisor of 42 and 6018?", "\n6\nWhat is the highest common factor of 325 and 1040?", "\n65\nCalculate the greatest common divisor of 56 and 7.", "\n7\nCalculate the highest common factor of 1 and 246.", "\n1\nCalculate the highest common factor of 53 and 9063.", "\n53\nCalculate the greatest common factor of 20 and 6940.", "\n20\nWhat is the greatest common factor of 30 and 258?", "\n6\nCalculate the greatest common factor of 7 and 336.", "\n7\nCalculate the highest common divisor of 882 and 36.", "\n18\nCalculate the greatest common factor of 126 and 903.", "\n21\nWhat is the highest common divisor of 1057 and 453?", "\n151\nWhat is the greatest common divisor of 332 and 11122?", "\n166\nWhat is the highest common divisor of 140 and 160?", "\n20\nCalculate the greatest common divisor of 88 and 40.", "\n8\nCalculate the highest common divisor of 120 and 150.", "\n30\nCalculate the greatest common divisor of 1589 and 7.", "\n7\nCalculate the greatest common factor of 7345 and 65.", "\n65\nWhat is the highest common factor of 81 and 11?", "\n1\nCalculate the greatest common factor of 58 and 754.", "\n58\nWhat is the greatest common divisor of 1001 and 18161?", "\n143\nCalculate the highest common divisor of 5997 and 3.", "\n3\nWhat is the highest common divisor of 298 and 3725?", "\n149\nCalculate the greatest common divisor of 42 and 3.", "\n3\nCalculate the greatest common factor of 216 and 234.", "\n18\nWhat is the highest common divisor of 5 and 2165?", "\n5\nCalculate the highest common factor of 3213 and 924.", "\n21\nCalculate the greatest common divisor of 18 and 189.", "\n9\nWhat is the greatest common divisor of 108 and 1242?", "\n54\nWhat is the greatest common divisor of 989 and 559?", "\n43\nCalculate the highest common factor of 352 and 143.", "\n11\nWhat is the highest common divisor of 232 and 638?", "\n58\nCalculate the greatest common divisor of 37 and 11766.", "\n37\nCalculate the greatest common factor of 299 and 391.", "\n23\nWhat is the greatest common factor of 148 and 8?", "\n4\nCalculate the greatest common factor of 336 and 315.", "\n21\nWhat is the greatest common factor of 1159 and 61?", "\n61\nCalculate the greatest common divisor of 10 and 9830.", "\n10\nCalculate the highest common divisor of 9 and 1611.", "\n9\nWhat is the greatest common divisor of 20 and 620?", "\n20\nWhat is the highest common factor of 231 and 4818?", "\n33\nCalculate the highest common divisor of 53 and 4452.", "\n53\nCalculate the highest common divisor of 3366 and 198.", "\n198\nWhat is the greatest common divisor of 2 and 1663?", "\n1\nCalculate the greatest common factor of 8 and 534.", "\n2\nWhat is the highest common factor of 6 and 30?", "\n6\nCalculate the highest common divisor of 1225 and 539.", "\n49\nWhat is the greatest common divisor of 1 and 19?", "\n1\nCalculate the highest common divisor of 2106 and 26.", "\n26\nWhat is the highest common factor of 4347 and 108?", "\n27\nCalculate the highest common factor of 3849 and 9.", "\n3\nWhat is the greatest common divisor of 50 and 760?", "\n10\nCalculate the greatest common factor of 4745 and 39.", "\n13\nWhat is the greatest common factor of 84 and 1659?", "\n21\nCalculate the highest common factor of 28 and 126.", "\n14\nCalculate the greatest common factor of 72 and 126.", "\n18\nWhat is the highest common divisor of 798 and 1302?", "\n42\nWhat is the highest common divisor of 7 and 2828?", "\n7\nWhat is the greatest common divisor of 25 and 200?", "\n25\nWhat is the greatest common divisor of 9 and 12?", "\n3\nCalculate the greatest common factor of 393 and 12.", "\n3\nCalculate the greatest common factor of 126 and 36.", "\n18\nWhat is the greatest common divisor of 2786 and 14?", "\n14\nCalculate the greatest common factor of 108 and 36.", "\n36\nCalculate the highest common divisor of 257 and 1.", "\n1\nCalculate the greatest common factor of 27 and 69.", "\n3\nCalculate the greatest common divisor of 2523 and 957.", "\n87\nCalculate the greatest common factor of 9 and 225.", "\n9\nWhat is the highest common divisor of 10 and 22520?", "\n10\nCalculate the greatest common factor of 138 and 19182.", "\n138\nCalculate the highest common factor of 592 and 32.", "\n16\nCalculate the highest common factor of 83484 and 108.", "\n108\nWhat is the highest common divisor of 676 and 13?", "\n13\nWhat is the greatest common factor of 324 and 2997?", "\n81\nWhat is the highest common divisor of 60 and 36?", "\n12\nWhat is the greatest common divisor of 945 and 105?", "\n105\nWhat is the greatest common factor of 80 and 992?", "\n16\nWhat is the greatest common divisor of 735 and 1?", "\n1\nWhat is the greatest common factor of 544 and 32?", "\n32\nWhat is the highest common factor of 20403 and 9?", "\n9\nWhat is the greatest common factor of 244 and 5?", "\n1\nCalculate the highest common divisor of 261 and 609.", "\n87\nWhat is the highest common divisor of 905 and 1267?", "\n181\nCalculate the greatest common divisor of 9976 and 1856.", "\n232\nCalculate the greatest common factor of 324 and 1053.", "\n81\nCalculate the greatest common factor of 11711 and 147.", "\n49\nCalculate the greatest common divisor of 80 and 2420.", "\n20\nWhat is the highest common divisor of 3843 and 126?", "\n63\nCalculate the greatest common divisor of 10 and 41390.", "\n10\nWhat is the highest common factor of 21 and 105?", "\n21\nCalculate the highest common divisor of 1334 and 138.", "\n46\nCalculate the greatest common factor of 487 and 61849.", "\n487\nCalculate the highest common divisor of 675 and 450.", "\n225\nCalculate the greatest common factor of 120 and 330.", "\n30\nCalculate the greatest common divisor of 11 and 704.", "\n11\nWhat is the greatest common factor of 31 and 837?", "\n31\nWhat is the greatest common factor of 58 and 2146?", "\n58\nCalculate the greatest common divisor of 47448 and 24.", "\n24\nWhat is the highest common factor of 47 and 11?", "\n1\nWhat is the highest common factor of 50 and 280?", "\n10\nWhat is the highest common factor of 110 and 605?", "\n55\nCalculate the highest common factor of 2890 and 10.", "\n10\nCalculate the highest common factor of 26 and 247.", "\n13\nCalculate the greatest common factor of 2006 and 238.", "\n34\nCalculate the greatest common divisor of 1746 and 1261.", "\n97\nCalculate the greatest common divisor of 6720 and 2730.", "\n210\nCalculate the greatest common divisor of 133 and 42.", "\n7\nCalculate the highest common factor of 11 and 56595.", "\n11\nWhat is the highest common divisor of 222 and 74?", "\n74\nWhat is the greatest common factor of 696 and 2349?", "\n87\nWhat is the greatest " ]

{ "pile_set_name": "DM Mathematics" }

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[ "Two frozen embryos left behind by a wealthy Los Angeles couple who died in a 1983 plane crash will be offered to other childless couples in Australia, the minister of health for the Australian state of Victoria has finally decided.", "\n\nBut that decision may be moot, according to U.S. fertility experts.", "\n\nEven in the best of cases now, only about one in 20 frozen embryos yields a live birth, according to Geoffrey Sher of the Pacific Fertility Center in San Francisco and other experts. ", "On average, 50% of frozen embryos do not survive the thawing process, and most of the remainder either do not become established in the womb or are miscarried.", "\n\nFurther, they noted, the success rate in 1981, when the Los Angeles couple’s embryos were frozen, was only about half as great.", "\n\n\n“I’d guess that the chances of success are 2% to 3% at most,” said Richard Paulson, director of in-vitro fertilization at the USC School of Medicine.", "\n\nResearchers are not completely sure why frozen embryos do not survive, Paulson said, but the main problem seems to be formation of ice crystals that disrupt cellular structures.", "\n\nMario Rios, a manager of low-income housing in Los Angeles, and his second wife, Elsa, were unable to have children because Rios had undergone a vasectomy after he and his first wife had a son.", "\n\nIn 1981, Elsa Rios traveled to Melbourne’s Queen Victoria Medical Center to undergo a then-new procedure called in-vitro fertilization. ", "Physicians there removed three eggs from her, fertilized them with sperm from an anonymous donor and implanted one in her womb. ", "She miscarried and never returned to have the procedure repeated.", "\n\n\nThe other two were frozen for storage.", "\n\nIn April, 1983, the couple died in a plane crash in the Andes outside Santiago, Chile. ", "They were thought to have been returning to the United States with an adopted child, but the child’s body was never found.", "\n\nTheir deaths left Australian physicians with the problem of what to do with the two frozen embryos. ", "They had two primary options, both potentially controversial: destroy the embryos or implant them in childless couples and run the risk of a lawsuit from the executors of the Rios estate.", "\n\nThe latter problem was obviated by a 1985 Los Angeles Superior Court ruling that the executors of the estate had no legal say over the fate of the embryos. ", "Probate Commissioner Robert J. Blaylock also ruled that children born from the embryos would not be heirs to the estate.", "\n\n\nThe medical center decided to keep the embryos in storage until a government-appointed committee studying the ethics of in-vitro fertilization could make a recommendation. ", "As a result of the study, Victoria passed the Infertility (Medical Procedures) Act, which takes full effect early next year.", "\n\nThe act states that embryos produced artificially can be destroyed or used for experiments only within the first 22 hours after conception.", "\n\nAs a result of that act, the Minister for Health, David White, said Thursday in a telephone interview that he will direct the medical center to find a suitable recipient for the embryos.", "\n\nTimes staff writer George Ramos contributed to this story." ]

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[ "Improved double-phase computer-generated holograms implemented with phase-modulation devices.", "\nA modification of the double-phase holographic code, based on phase modulation devices, that substantially improves the signal-to-noise ratio in the reconstruction plane without the need to increase the complexity of hologram cells (or macropixels) is proposed." ]

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[ "Ed Rollins: Hillary Will 'Energize the Vote' in 2016\n\nFormer Secretary of State Hillary Clinton will be the \"formidable candidate'' to beat in the 2016 presidential race, but the GOP is up for the task, according to Ed Rollins, the national campaign director for the Reagan-Bush '84 campaign.", "\n\n\"Hillary will be a very formidable candidate,\" Rollins told \"The Steve Malzberg Show\" on Newsmax TV. \"", "She'll energize the women voter, she'll energize a lot of the Democratic base that Obama energized.\"", "\n\nStory continues below video.", "\n\nBut Rollins, now senior political analyst for Fox News, added that Republicans will likely have a candidate up for the challenge. \"", "My sense is … we'll have a good candidate who will go out and run a better campaign than we've run the last couple of times,'' he said.", "\n\nJeb Bush, the former governor of Florida, could potentially be that pick, according to Rollins.", "\n\n\"If Jeb basically chooses to run he's going to be a very credible, viable candidate. ", "He's a great campaigner, he puts Florida very much in play for us, which is a key state for us,\" Rollins said.", "\n\n\"My sense is that he can win Florida and nobody else that's running at this point in time can guarantee that they could win Florida.\"", "\n\nBut getting to the Republican primary is \"not a slam dunk,\" Rollins said. \"", "There are some very credible other candidates that are out there and my sense is we're going to have a big race,\" he said.", "\n\n\"The man or woman who wins it is going to be a very credible candidate.\"", "\n\nFormer Secretary of State Hillary Clinton will be the formidable candidate'' to beat in the 2016 presidential race, but the GOP is up for the task, according to Ed Rollins, the national campaign director for the Reagan-Bush '84 campaign.", "\nHillary will be a very formidable..." ]

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[ "گلاب قرن هاست که در محصولات زیبایی، عطرها، پاک کننده های خانگی و حتی در آشپزی استفاده می شود. ", "به گفته متخصصان پوست ، گلاب با دارا بودن خواص طبیعی آنتی ‌اکسیدان ، ضد میکروبی و ضد التهابی می‌ تواند سهم ارزشمندی در مراقبت از پوست و زیبایی شما داشته باشد.", "\n\nبه عنوان مثال، بررسی منشر شده در سال ۲۰۱۷ نشان می‌ دهد که مصرف گلاب می تواند تاثیراتی مانند پاکسازی، آبرسانی و بهبود پوست های خشک ، ملتهب ، آکنه دار، یا آسیب دیده داشته باشد.", "\n\nمهم ترین خاصیت های گلاب\n\n\n\nدارای اثرات آنتی اکسیدانی و مبارزه با آسیب رادیکال های آزاد است\n\nبه عنوان یک منبع غنی از آنتی‌اکسیدان‌، گلاب می‌تواند به تقویت سلول‌های پوست و احیای بافت پوست کمک کند. ", "حتی می تواند یک انتخاب عالی برای افرادی باشد که پوست حساسی دارند.", "\n\nعلاوه بر این ، مطالعات نشان می دهد که آنتی اکسیدان های گل سرخ به آن خواص ضد دیابتی ، کاهش دهنده درد ، ضد ویروسی ، ضد باکتری و احتمالاً حتی ضد سرطان می دهند.", "\n\nممکن است تعجب کنید اگر بدانید چه مقدار ترکیبات درمانی در گلبرگ گل محمدی یافت می‌شوند. ", "این موارد عبارتند از:\n\nگرانیول، دارای اثرات آنتی اکسیدانی و ضد سرطانی\n\nسیترونلیل استات ، که عطر و طعم خوشبویی به گل می دهد\n\nسیترونلول\n\nاوژنول، یک آنتی اکسیدان قدرتمند است که با استرس اکسیداتیو مبارزه می کند\n\nمتل اوژنول، یک ضد عفونی کننده طبیعی است\n\nنرول ، یک ترکیب طبیعی آنتی بیوتیکی است\n\nسیترال که خاصیت ضد میکروبی دارد\n\nکاروون که به عنوان کمک گوارشی عمل می ‌کند\n\nو سایر ترکیبات مفید…\n\nچگونه گلاب می‌ تواند به کاهش علائم پیری کمک کند؟ ", "تحقیقات نشان می ‌دهد که گلاب شامل آنتی‌اکسیدان‌هایی است که با رادیکال‌های آزاد که مسئول آسیب پوست و علائم پیری پوست مانند چین، لکه‌های تیره، خشکی و … هستند، مبارزه می ‌کنند.", "\n\nخشکی ، التهاب و آکنه پوست را تسکین می دهد\n\nچرا گلاب برای پوست شما مفید است؟ ", "توانایی آن در مبارزه با عفونت های باکتریایی و تسکین التهاب می تواند به افرادی که از آکنه، درماتیت یا بیماری پوستی روزاسه رنج می برند، کمک کند. ", "یک مطالعه در سال ۲۰۱۰ نشان داد که ترکیبات موجود در گلبرگهای گل محمدی در مقایسه با سایر روغن های ضروری دارای فعالیت ضد باکتری قوی تری هستند.", "\n\nعهلاوه بر این، گلاب می تواند طراوت ، نرمی و درخشندگی را به پوست شما هدیه کند و در کاهش لکه های تیره و زخم ها نیز موثر عمل می کند.", "\n\nاستفاده از گلاب می ‌تواند به جلوگیری از چربی و یا خشکی بیش از حد پوست نیز کمک کند. ", "به سادگی چند قطره گلاب روی کمی پنبه بریزید و سپس آن را بر روی ناحیه آسیب دیده پوست خود بمالید تا به آبرسانی پوست کمک کنید و درمان را ارتقا دهید.", "\n\nدر نهایت ، به نظر می رسد که گلاب اثرات طبیعی ضد درد نیز دارد ، زیرا به عنوان ضد درد بسیار مفید عمل می کند.", "\n\nبا عفونت دهان و چشم ها مبارزه می کند\n\nاز آنجا که گلاب دارای اثرات ضد میکروبی است ، به برخی از دهانشویه ها و قطرات چشم اضافه می شود. ", "مطالعات خاص نشان داده اند که گلاب می تواند عفونت و زخم های دهان را کاهش دهد ، به علاوه برای درمان عفونت های چشم مانند چشم صورتی (التهاب ملتحمه) نیز مفید است.", "\n\nتوانایی گلاب در درمان عفونت به پتانسیل ضد التهابی آن برمی گردد. ", "خوب است بدانید که گلاب در تسکین درد ناشی از عفونت نیز موثر است چرا که یک داروی مسکن طبیعی است.", "\n\nآیا گلاب در پیشگیری از بوی بد دهان هم تاثیر دارد؟ ", "بله، از آنجا که گلاب می تواند دندان ها را تقویت کرده و در برابر عفونت های لثه و باکتری ها از دندان ها محافظت می کند ، به احتمال زیاد می تواند در پیشگیری از بدبو شدن دهان نیز موثر باشد.", "\n\nبه مبارزه با شوره سر و تغذیه مو کمک می کند\n\nدر حالی که تحقیقات زیادی در مورد اثربخشی گلاب در این مورد صورت نگرفته ، اما برخی ادعا می کنند که گلاب باعث می شود موهای آنها قوی تر ، براق تر و کم‌تر مستعد شوره سر شود. ", "خاصیت ضد التهابی و ضد عفونی کننده گلاب می تواند در درمان از درماتیت پوست سر و رشد موها کمک کند.", "\n\nعطر و طعم بی نظیری فراهم می کند\n\nاز گلاب می توان به عنوان پایه عطر برای تهیه عطر یا اسپری استفاده کرد. ", "روغن گل محمدی و آب رایحه ای بسیار غنی دارند که هم شیرین و هم کمی تند است. ", "گفته می شود که این عطر حتی دارای توانایی های آرامش بخش و تقویت کننده خلق و خوی است و براساس برخی تحقیقات ، برای کسانی که با اضطراب ، افسردگی یا سردرد سروکار دارند ، مفید است.", "\n\nدر حالی که مصارف آشپزی گلاب ممکن است در مکان‌هایی مانند آمریکا خیلی محبوب نباشد، اما پخت‌ و پز با گلاب در خاورمیانه، شمال آفریقا و هند رایج است.", "\n\nاز مصارف گلاب هنگام پخت و پز می توان به افزودن آن به مربا، سس سالاد، شربت، کیک و نوشیدنی با طعم میوه اشاره کرد.", "\n\nطرز تهیه گلاب که خودتان می‌توانید درست کنید:\n\nا فنجان گلبرگ گل محمدی را به خوبی بشویید و خاک آن را تمیز کنید. ", "در حالت ایده آل از گلبرگ هایی استفاده کنید که با سموم دفع آفات سمپاشی نشده باشند.", "\n\nگلبرگ ها را داخل یک ظرف شیشه ای ضد حرارت بریزید.", "\n\n۲ فنجان آب مقطر را بجوشانید و روی گلبرک ها بریزید به طوری که آب روی گلبرگ ها قرار بگیرد.", "\n\nاجازه بدهید این ترکیب نیم ساعت روی حرارت باقی بماند.", "\n\nسپس محتویات کاسه را صاف کرده و داخل شیشه بریزید.", "\n\nشیشه را در یخچال قرار دهید و بگذارید یک هفته بماند .", "\n\nآیا می توانید روزانه از گلاب استفاده کنیم؟ ", "بله ، تا زمانی که شما هیچ گونه تحریکی را تجربه نکنید ، می توانید هر روز از آن استفاده کنید.", "\n\nگلاب در مقابل روغن ضروری گل رز:\n\nگلاب با روغن گل سرخ تفاوت دارد. ", "روغن گل سرخ مانند گلاب، برای کمک به مدیریت شرایط سلامتی مورد استفاده قرار گرفته و هزاران سال به عنوان یک درمان طبیعی استفاده می شود. ", "برخی از شرایطی که روغن گل سرخ می تواند به بهبود آن کمک کند عبارتند از: آکنه ، اضطراب و افسردگی ، بیماری پوستی روزاسه ، سردردهای تنشی ، زخم ، آلرژی و تعدادی از شرایط مرتبط با التهاب.", "\n\nشما می توانید با پخش کردن مقداری روغن ضروری گل سرخ درخانه یا با استنشاق مستقیم روغن از مزایای آن بهره مند شوید. ", "همچنین این روغن می تواند به صورت موضعی مورد استفاده قرار گیرد و فواید زیادی برای پوست دارد. ", "با این حال ، بهتر است همیشه قبل از استفاده موضعی ، روغن های ضروری را با روغن حامل مانند نارگیل یا جوجوبا به نسبت ۱به ۱ رقیق کنید.", "\n\nبعد از رقیق کردن روغن ، قبل از استفاده از روغن روی پوست، ابتدا یک آزمایش در قسمت کوچکی از پوست انجام دهید. ", "زمانی که مطمئن شدید بدن تان به گلاب واکنش نشان نمی دهد، می توانید چند قطره روغن ضروری را به سرم صورت، حمام گرم ، لوسیون یا شامپوی بدن اضافه کنید. ", "آیا می توانیم روغن ضروری گل سرخ را به صورت خوراکی مصرف کنیم؟ ", "خیر ، این روغن برای استفاده داخلی توصیه نمی شود.", "\n\nنحوه استفاده از گلاب و مقدار مصرف آن\n\nوقتی نوبت به استفاده از گلاب و روغن گل سرخ در محصولات خانگی می‌رسد، خوب است بدانید که گل رز با سایر محصولات ، از جمله آلوئه ورا، سرکه سیب ، چوب فندق ، برگاموت ، بابونه ، مریم گلی ، رازیانه ، شمعدانی ، مارپیچ ، اسطوخودوس ، لیمو ، بهار نارنج ، نعناع هندی ، چوب صندل و یلانگ یلانگ ترکیب می شود.", "\n\nنحوه استفاده از گلاب برای صورت:\n\nاگر از گلاب برای آکنه صورت استفاده می کنید ، از این دستور تهیه تونر گلاب استفاده کنید. ", "شما می توانید با ترکیب چند قطره گلاب به سایر مواد پاک کننده و تونینگ از جمله سرکه سیب خالص تونر گلاب خود را درست کنید. ", "این ترکیبات را مخلوط کرده و سپس به یک بطری اسپری شیشه ای کوچک منتقل کنید. ", "برای استفاده از آن بر روی صورت، صورت را به خوبی تمیز کنید ، سپس چشمانتان را ببندید و تونر را روی صورت اسپری کنید. ", "اگر دوست دارید می توانید صورت تان را مالش دهید ، یا فقط بگذارید روی صورت تان خشک شود. ", "آرایش خود را طبق معمول انجام دهید و یا قبل از رفتن به رختخواب از آن استفاده کنید.", "\n\nاگر از آکنه رنج می برید گزینه دیگر این است که روزانه سه بار قطره روغن گل رز خالص را روی لکه های آن بریزید. ", "اطمینان حاصل کنید که از یک پنبه استریل استریل استفاده می کنید. ", "اگر قدرت ضد میکروبی آن برای شما خیلی زیاد است ، آن را کمی با روغن نارگیل رقیق کنید.", "\n\nبا اضافه کردن گلاب به سرم صورت تان می توانید به شکلی دیگر از گلاب استفاده کنید. ", "با ترکیب چند قطره روغن نارگیل و گلاب با روغن ضروری اسطوخودوس مرطوب کننده خود را بسازید و سپس روی صورت خود بمالید. ", "ترکیب روغن نارگیل و گلاب یک پاک کننده آرایشی مناسب است.", "\n\nاین دستور العمل را برای ساختن ماسک صورت طبیعی امتحان کنید: زردچوبه خالص و گلاب را با ژل آلوئه ورا ترکیب کنید، سپس بگذارید قبل از شستشو با آب‌گرم و استفاده از روغن نارگیل، حدود ۲۰ دقیقه روی پوست شما بنشیند.", "\n\nچگونه از گلاب بر روی بدن خود استفاده کنیم:\n\nاگر پوست خشکی دارید، بعد از دوش گرفتن، از بطری گلاب در سرتاسر بدن تان اسپری بکنید و سپس لوسیون بدن مورد علاقه خود را روی بدنتان بمالید.", "\n\nیک اسپری عطر با ترکیب گلاب با روغن های ضروری مانند روغن لیموترش ، روغن پرتقال ، روغن گریپ فروت یا روغن اسطوخودوس درست کنید و روی بدن تان اسپری کنید.", "\n\nچندین قطره گلاب خالص را به وان حمام خود اضافه کنید تا به آبرسانی و تسکین پوست شما کمک کند (بعلاوه باعث می شود که بوی خوبی بدهید)\n\nبا سردرد سر و کله می زنید؟ ", "یک کمپرس آغشته به گلاب را به مدت ۴۵ دقیقه روی پیشانی خود بمالید یا منتشر کردن روغن ضروری گل سرخ را به عنوان یک گزینه جایگزین امتحان کنید.", "\n\nبا اضافه کردن چند قطره گلاب به مواد شوینده لباسشویی تان ، لباس هایتان را با بوی خوش گل تحویل بگیرید.", "\n\nچگونه از گلاب بر روی موهای خود استفاده کنیم:\n\nبه سادگی چند قطره گلاب را به شامپو و یا نرم ‌کننده تان اضافه کنید. ", "شما هم چنین می ‌توانید این دستورالعمل را برای داشتن موهایی براق نیز امتحان کنید: دو قاشق سوپ خوری گلاب خالص را به یک فنجان آب اضافه کنید و سپس با چند قطره روغن جوجوبا و یک کپسول ویتامین ای مخلوط کنید. ", "موهایتان را با این مخلوط ماساژ دهید و بگذارید حداقل ۱۰ دقیقه باقی بماند و سپس موهایتان را بشویید.", "\n\nچگونه از گلاب در آشپزی استفاده کنیم:\n\nاز آنجا که گلاب طعمی شیرین و مطبوع دارد، ترکیب کردن آن با ترکیباتی مانند هل، گشنیز، زیره سبز، زعفران، زنجبیل، فلفل سیاه و وانیل گزینه خوبی است. ", "یکی از راه های استفاده از گلاب در خانه ، درست کردن چای با طعم گلاب است.", "\n\nعوارض جانبی گلاب و موارد احتیاطی\n\n\n\nآیا گلاب عوارض جانبی دارد؟ ", "اگرچه به طور کلی گلاب قابل تحمل و بی خطر است ، ممکن است افراد خاصی نسبت به محصولات گل رز واکنش های آلرژیک را تجربه کنندالبته این مورد کمتر اتفاق می افتد. ", "اگر علائمی مانند سوزش ، قرمزی ، کهیر و غیره را تجربه کردید ، استفاده از این محصولات را متوقف کنید. ", "در صورت ایجاد تغییرات غیرمعمول در پوست خود مصرف آن را قطع کرده و به پزشک مراجعه کنید.", "\n\nهمچنین روغن گل سرخ نباید در دوران بارداری استفاده شود. ", "با این حال ، گلابی که به صورت موضعی روی پوست مورد استفاده قرار می گیرد ، بی خطر است." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2" }

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[ "Domaszew\n\nDomaszew is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Maciejowice, within Garwolin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. ", "It lies approximately north-west of Maciejowice, south-west of Garwolin, and south-east of Warsaw.", "\n\nReferences\n\nDomaszew" ]

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[ "Integrated circuits (ICs) are commonly used in various electronic systems, including computer-based systems, logic based systems, control systems, and other systems known in the art. ", "During production and manufacturing of these systems, ICs may remain unused (e.s. ", "in inventory) for extended periods of time, where they can be exposed to environmental conditions, such as, humidity and moisture. ", "The moisture typically can be in the form of water vapor in air. ", "Exposure to moisture typically can occur during production downtime, for example, during production “change-overs” or during small quantity production of an electronic system, where continuous production is not required. ", "Of course, exposure to the elements, such as moisture, may also occur during other production downtime events, which are experienced in conventional manufacturing and assembly operations.", "\nEach IC includes a silicon device within a mold, typically formed of a plastic material. ", "Each IC has a corresponding moisture sensitivity level with an associated maximum exposure time. ", "The sensitivity levels and exposure times, as well as, staying the maximum exposure time, have associated industry standard requirements. ", "When an IC has exceeded an industry standard requirement, the IC is typically discarded or baked for an extended period of time. ", "Discarding of ICs, causes wasted expense and baking of ICs can have associated disadvantages, as stated in detail below.", "\nA typical series of manufacturing steps, for an electronic system, stated above, are as follows. ", "First, a tape reel or tray of ICs is removed from an airtight moisture barrier bag, for use in an assembly machine. ", "Once the bag is opened to begin manufacturing, the components have a limited useful life. ", "Next, The ICs are placed onto a printed circuit board having a solder paste pattern to form an electronic system assembly. ", "Finally, the electronic system assembly is placed into a reflow oven, to melt the solder and form solder bonds between the ICs and the printed circuit board.", "\nICs that have been exposed for extended periods of time to levels of moisture typically found in air at most production and manufacturing facilities, are vulnerable to internal damage when processed in a reflow oven. ", "This vulnerability requires special handling methods that increase manufacturing costs.", "\nWhen an IC is exposed to moisture, a moisture permeating process begins. ", "Moisture penetrates into the mold and gradually reaches a center cavity, where the IC resides therein. ", "When the IC is baked, due to the moisture level of the molding compound, delamination of mold from the silicon device can occur, with consequent breaking of wire bonds. ", "The broken wire bonds cause intermittence during post assembly operating use of the IC. ", "Although ICs are tested upon completion of assembly before being used as intended, the delamination may be undetectable, since the silicon device wire bonds may be resting on or touching silicon device contacts even though a wire bond no longer exists.", "\nAn IC maximum exposure time can be stayed using several methods. ", "A first method includes placing the IC in a “Dry Box”, which prevents further exposure to moisture, during downtime. ", "A disadvantage with the dry box is that the moisture that previously entered the IC, remains in the IC, which may cause operating intermittence. ", "Also, potential future industry standards, prohibiting the use of dry-boxes, may be introduced due to the potential associated intermittence. ", "Another method includes baking the IC for a period of time to remove moisture that has entered the mold. ", "By baking the IC, the moisture penetration process is reversed. ", "Obviously, this baking is time consuming, not cost effective, and can cause oxydation of solder coating on IC leads, degrading the ability to have a solder joint formed to the IC. ", "As another method, the ICs can be reinserted into moisture barrier bags, during downtime, although is also time consuming and requires a supply of moisture barrier bags and desiccant material, as well as a sealing apparatus.", "\nIt would therefore be desirable to develop a method of reducing the amount of moisture exposure of ICs during manufacturing and production processes, which does not require special handling and is cost effective." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds" }

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[ "\r\n\r\nMatter of Magdylan (Munschauer--Commissioner of Labor) (2019 NY Slip Op 04241)\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\n\nMatter of Magdylan (Munschauer--Commissioner of Labor)\n\n\n2019 NY Slip Op 04241\n\n\nDecided on May 30, 2019\n\n\nAppellate Division, Third Department\n\n\nPublished by New York State Law Reporting Bureau pursuant to Judiciary Law § 431.", "\n\n\nThis opinion is uncorrected and subject to revision before publication in the Official Reports.", "\n\n\n\r\nDecided and Entered: May 30, 2019\r\n\n526385\r\n\r\n[*1]In the Matter of the Claim of AEYNA MAGDYLAN, Respondent. ", "CAROL ANN MUNSCHAUER, Appellant. ", "COMMISSIONER OF LABOR, Respondent.", "\r\n\r\nCalendar Date: April 29, 2019\r\n\r\nBefore: Egan Jr., J.P., Lynch, Clark, Mulvey and Pritzker, JJ.", "\r\n\r\n\nMichael J. Stachowski, Buffalo, for appellant.", "\nKaren A. Leahy, Cortland, for Aeyna Magdylan, respondent.", "\n\nMEMORANDUM AND ORDER\nClark, J.\nAppeal from a decision of the Unemployment Insurance Appeal Board, filed June 26, 2017, which ruled, among other things, that Carol Ann Munschauer was liable for unemployment insurance contributions based upon remuneration paid to claimant and others similarly situated.", "\nClaimant was engaged part time as a bookkeeper and personal assistant for Carol Ann Munschauer, a psychologist. ", "The Unemployment Insurance Appeal Board determined, among other things, that claimant was an employee of Munschauer and that Munschauer was liable for unemployment insurance contributions on remuneration paid to claimant and others similarly situated. ", "Munschauer appeals.", "\nWe affirm. \"", "Whether an employee-employer relationship exists is a factual question to be resolved by the Board and we will not disturb its determination when it is supported by substantial evidence in the record\" (Matter of Jennings [American Delivery Solution, Inc.-Commissioner of Labor], 125 AD3d 1152, 1152 [2015] [internal quotation marks and citations omitted]; accord Matter of Dillon [Commissioner of Labor], 163 AD3d 1307, 1308 [2018]). \"", "Substantial evidence consists of proof within the whole record of such quality and quantity as to generate conviction in and persuade a fair and detached fact finder that, from that proof as a premise, a conclusion or ultimate fact may be extracted reasonably — probatively and logically\" (Matter of Yoga Vida NYC, Inc. [Commissioner of Labor], 28 NY3d 1013, 1015 [2016] [internal quotation marks, brackets and citation omitted]). \"", "Although no single factor is determinative, the relevant inquiry is whether the purported employer exercised control over the results produced or the means used to achieve those results, with control over the latter being the more important factor\" (Matter of Link [Cantor & Pecorella, Inc.-Commissioner of Labor], 153 AD3d 1061, 1062 [2017] [internal quotation marks and citations omitted], lv dismissed 31 NY3d 946 [2018]; [*2]accord Matter of Raupov [Empire City Labs., ", "Inc.-Commissioner of Labor, 155 AD3d 1284, 1285 [2017]).", "\nClaimant was interviewed by Munschauer in 2002 for the position and it was agreed that she would be paid hourly, with the rate of pay to increase every year at a set rate. ", "Claimant thereafter performed various services for Munschauer for approximately 14 years. ", "Claimant was responsible for billing Munschauer's patients and processing their payments, as well as for paying both the practice's bills and Munschauer's personal bills. ", "Claimant initially prepared checks for Munschauer to sign, but was ultimately given authority to sign the checks herself. ", "Munschauer also provided claimant with a Mastercard machine to process patient payments. ", "Claimant was required to submit weekly payroll reports, weekly progress reports and monthly income and expense reports. ", "These reports were reviewed by Munschauer and Munschauer's financial adviser at quarterly meetings that claimant was required to attend. ", "Claimant received bookkeeping training when she started, and claimant initially used the financial management software Quicken, but was informed by Munschauer's financial advisor that she had to use QuickBooks, as this software made it easier to audit claimant's reports. ", "Munschauer provided the new software and training. ", "Claimant generally worked from home and used her personal computer, telephone and printer, but was issued a credit card with which she could pay for any supplies that she needed. ", "She tracked her own hours and issued her own paychecks.", "\nMunschauer considered claimant to be a bookkeeper, personal assistant and life advisor and required claimant, who had no set hours, to be available Monday through Friday. ", "Other than her bookkeeping duties related to the practice and Munschauer's personal accounts and credit cards, claimant was also asked to transport Munschauer to appointments, prepare tax documents, research health insurance plans for Munschauer and her son, help find tutors for the son and arrange for the removal of furniture from Munschauer's lake house.", "\nIn 2005, claimant filed a certificate of business as A. Magdylan Organization, with the intention of performing similar work for others. ", "Claimant did not pursue any such opportunities until she informed Munschauer in 2014 that she was offered part-time work that would require her to work on Mondays and Fridays for someone else. ", "Claimant turned down the offer after Munschauer threatened to replace her if she accepted it. ", "In our view, substantial evidence supports the Board's decision that Munschauer exercised a sufficient degree of control over claimant's work so as to establish an employment relationship, despite evidence in the record that could support a contrary conclusion (see Matter of Ingle [Mechanical Secretary, Inc.-Commissioner of Labor], 129 AD3d 1424, 1425-1426 [2015]; Matter of Aussicker [Park Ride Fly USA-Commissioner of Labor], 128 AD3d 1264, 1265-1266 [2015], lv dismissed 26 NY3d 944 [2015]). ", "Finally, the fact that claimant considered herself an independent contractor for tax purposes and deducted expenses on her tax returns as if she was self-employed is not dispositive (see Matter of Campbell [TDA Indus., ", "Inc.-Commissioner of Labor, 143 AD3d 1026, 1028 [2016], lv dismissed 31 NY3d 925 [2018]; Matter of Stuckelman [Blodnick, Gordon, Fletcher & Sibell, P.C.-Commissioner of Labor], 16 AD3d 882, 883 [2005]).", "\nEgan Jr., J.P., Lynch, Mulvey and Pritzker, JJ., ", "concur.", "\nORDERED that the decision is affirmed, without costs.", "\n\n\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "FreeLaw" }

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[ "Q:\n\nHow to transfer a file(PDF) to Hadoop file system\n\nI have Hortonworks system in place and want to copy file from a file system to Hadoop. ", "What is the best way to do that?", "\n\nA:\n\ntry:\nhadoop fs -put /your/local/file.pdf /your/hdfs/location\n\nor\nhadoop fs -copyFromLocal /your/local/file.pdf /your/hdfs/location\n\nrefer put command\n\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "StackExchange" }

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[ "Forebrain metabolic activation induced by the repetition of audiogenic seizures in Wistar rats.", "\nIn Wistar rats susceptible to audiogenic seizures (Wistar AS) inbred in our laboratory, the exposure to an intense sound induces an epileptic seizure characterized by a running episode followed by a tonic phase showing the major involvement of brainstem structures. ", "After 10-20 sound-induced seizures, development of facial and forelimb clonus and/or tonic-clonic seizures characterize the generalization from brainstem to the forebrain as a result of seizure repetition. ", "In order to specify the anatomical substrates of repeated audiogenic seizures in Wistar AS, we used the 2-deoxyglucose (2DG) technique over a 5 min period to map the midbrain and forebrain structures activated by audiogenic seizures before and after seizure repetition. ", "In naive Wistar AS, six of the 22 structures showed a significant 20-56% increase in relative optical densities compared to non-epileptic controls; these were central and medial amygdala nuclei, perirhinal cortex, medial septum, subthalamic and caudate nuclei. ", "In kindled Wistar AS, 12 additional structures showed a significant 16-121% increase in 2DG labeling. ", "These structures were the substantia nigra, all layers of the hippocampus, the basolateral amygdala, three thalamic nuclei, the frontal motor and prefrontal cortices. ", "In conclusion, the metabolic activation of midbrain and forebrain areas in kindled versus naive Wistar AS rats reflects the changes in the nature of the seizures and the involvement of these structures in the spread of seizure activity from the brainstem to the forebrain during seizure repetition." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }

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[ "Q:\n\nDoes Swarm support syntax highlighting?", "\n\nCode in code review screen looks pale without syntax highlights.", "\n\nA:\n\nIt doesn't, but there is an open request at Perforce to add this functionality. ", "You can have your name added to the list of requesters:\nhttp://forums.perforce.com/index.php?/topic/3574-feature-request-syntax-highlighting-in-diff-view/\n\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "StackExchange" }

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[ "Nanobacteria may be linked to calcification in placenta.", "\nPlacental calcification is a common pathologic condition in obstetrics. ", "To detect the bacteria infection mechanisms for calcification, an experiment was performed to isolate, culture, and identify the nanobacteria in placental calcification. ", "Sixteen cases of placental calcification of pregnant women were collected for the purpose of the isolation of nanobacteria, cultivation, and identification of 16S rDNA sequence. ", "Under transmission electron microscope, novel oval-shape nanobacteria-like particles (NLP) in extracellular matrix of calcified placenta tissues were found with 50-500 nm in diameter, and among hydroxyapatite crystals aggregation existed. ", "After about 4 weeks of culturing and isolating NLP from these calcified tissues, all calcified placental tissue samples and one adjacent tissue of calcified placental tissue samples showed white granular depositions, which were firmly attached to the bottom of the culture tubes and visible to the naked eyes. ", "In the control group they could not be seen. ", "After PCR was amplified a 1407-bp fragment was obtained and submitted to GenBank after sequencing with accession number JN029830. ", "The 16S rDNA sequence homology between the isolation strain and strain nanobacteria (X98418) was 92% in GenBank. ", "For the first time isolated, cultured, and identified nanobacteria in placental calcification indicated that nanobacteria infection is related to placental calcification." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }

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[ "Q:\n\nFormatando data com Laravel\n\nNão estou conseguindo mudar o formato da data usando o laravel 5.4\nMeu model está assim:\nclass Feriado extends Model{\n\n protected $fillable = ['id', 'data', 'descricao', 'created_at', 'updated_at' ];\n protected $dates = ['data'=> 'm-d-Y'];\n protected $primaryKey = 'id';\n protected $table = 'feriados';\n\n}\n\nO controller que retorna os dados está assim:\npublic function index(){\n $feriados= Feriado::all();\n\n return response()->json(['error'=> false, 'mensagem'=> null, 'data'=> $feriados]);\n }\n\nE o retorno está vindo assim: \n{ \n \"error\":false,\n \"mensagem\":null,\n \"data\":[ \n { \n \"id\":1,\n \"data\":\"2018-01-01 00:00:00\",\n \"descricao\":\"Confraterniza\\u00e7\\u00e3o Universal\",\n \"created_at\":null,\n \"updated_at\":null\n },\n { \n \"id\":2,\n \"data\":\"2018-03-30 00:00:00\",\n \"descricao\":\"Sexta-feira Santa\",\n \"created_at\":null,\n \"updated_at\":null\n },\n { \n \"id\":3,\n \"data\":\"2018-04-21 00:00:00\",\n \"descricao\":\"Tiradentes\",\n \"created_at\":null,\n \"updated_at\":null\n },\n { \n \"id\":4,\n \"data\":\"2018-05-01 00:00:00\",\n \"descricao\":\"Dia do Trabalhador\",\n \"created_at\":null,\n \"updated_at\":null\n },\n { \n \"id\":5,\n \"data\":\"2018-05-31 00:00:00\",\n \"descricao\":\"Corpus Christi\",\n \"created_at\":null,\n \"updated_at\":null\n },\n { \n \"id\":6,\n \"data\":\"2018-09-07 00:00:00\",\n \"descricao\":\"Independ\\u00eancia do Brasil\",\n \"created_at\":null,\n \"updated_at\":null\n },\n { \n \"id\":7,\n \"data\":\"2018-10-12 00:00:00\",\n \"descricao\":\"Padroeira do Brasil\",\n \"created_at\":null,\n \"updated_at\":null\n },\n { \n \"id\":8,\n \"data\":\"2018-02-11 00:00:00\",\n \"descricao\":\"Finados\",\n \"created_at\":null,\n \"updated_at\":null\n },\n { \n \"id\":9,\n \"data\":\"2018-11-15 00:00:00\",\n \"descricao\":\"Proclama\\u00e7\\u00e3o da Rep\\u00fablica\",\n \"created_at\":null,\n \"updated_at\":null\n },\n { \n \"id\":10,\n \"data\":\"2018-12-25 00:00:00\",\n \"descricao\":\"Natal\",\n \"created_at\":null,\n \"updated_at\":null\n }\n ]\n}\n\nA data está vindo no formato 2018-12-25 00:00:00 sendo que no model estou setando outro formato protected $dates = ['data'=> 'm-d-Y'];\nOnde será que estou errando? ", "\nPara exibir os dados na tela estou usando angularjs, e mesmo usando um filtro {{(feriado.data| date: 'dd-MM-yyyy')}} não exibe na forma correta.", "\n\nA:\n\nNão mude nada no seu model na questão padrão, só faça um novo campo que será mostrado a partir dos resultados do mesmo, se quiser um data no padrão especifico, crie um método que será anexado aos valores retornados de uma consulta, tanto array quanto json, um exemplo minimo:\nConfigure seu Model:\n<?", "php\n\nnamespace App\\Models;\n\nuse Illuminate\\Database\\Eloquent\\Model;\n\nclass Feriado extends Model\n{\n protected $primaryKey = 'id';\n protected $table = 'feriado';\n protected $fillable = ['id', 'data', 'descricao'];\n protected $dates = ['created_at','updated_at'];\n\n //data formatada m-d-Y\n protected $appends = ['data2'];\n public function getData2Attribute()\n {\n return date('m-d-Y', strtotime($this->attributes['data']));\n }\n\n}\n\nessa configuração $appends só vai servir para mostrar dados, não tem relação com os campos quem fazem relação com a tabela, mas, os usam para mostrar determinados tipos de valores e formatos. ", "O método getData2Attribute() tem a responsabilidade de fazer essa conversão e mostrar a data formatada (que pode ser de qualquer formato, depende da regra estabelecida), e tudo fica independente do padrão da tabela no banco é isso é útil para manter as operações sem problema de conversão, esse campo que foi anexado só é utilizado quando para mostrar informações nos métodos, exemplo:\n>>> App\\Models\\Feriado::all()->toArray(); \n=> [ \n [ \n \"id\" => 1, \n \"data\" => \"2016-10-09\", \n \"descricao\" => \"Festival\", \n \"created_at\" => \"2017-10-27 00:00:00\",\n \"updated_at\" => null, \n \"data2\" => \"10-09-2016\", \n ], \n [ \n \"id\" => 2, \n \"data\" => \"2016-11-11\", \n \"descricao\" => \"Carnaval\", \n \"created_at\" => \"2017-10-27 00:00:00\",\n \"updated_at\" => null, \n \"data2\" => \"11-11-2016\", \n ], \n ] \n>>> \n\nnesse exemplo o campo anexado data2 está no formato esperado. ", "Há uma confusão no Mutators que tem a finalidade de mudar a característica de recuperação das informações do Model, que em muitos casos quebra a lógica e dá muitos problemas se for feito de maneira errado. ", "É muito utilizado em campos Date ou DateTime (mas, qualquer campo pode haver uma empregabilidade), mas, precisa entender que a todo momento deverá utilizar as convenções da classe e formatar os dados e para atualizar suas informações deve ser um instância da classe DateTime, bem diferente do primeiro exemplo que é a melhor solução para o seu caso.", "\nReferencias:\n\nEloquent: Serialization\nSerializing To Arrays\nSerializing To JSON\nAppending Values To JSON\n\n" ]

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[ "Q:\n\nWhat does the using directive do, exactly?", "\n\nOn MSDN I can read what it does, but I would like to know what it does technically (tells compiler where to look for types..)? ", "I mean using as a directive.", "\n\nA:\n\nThe primary function of the using directive is to make types within a namespace available without qualification to the user code. ", " It considers the set of namespaces and types which are defined in referenced assemblies and the project being compiled. ", " \nTake for example the following definition in MyTypes.", "Dll\nnamespace MyTypes {\n class Class1 {}\n}\n\nNow consider referencing MyTypes.dll from another project with a different namespace. ", " Without a using directive to create Class1 i need to qualify the name\nMyTypes.", "Class1 local1 = new MyTypes.", "Class1();\n\nThe using directive lets me remove this qualification \nusing MyTypes;\n...\nClass1 local1 = new Class1();\n\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "StackExchange" }

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[ "[Small-cell nonanaplastic bronchogenic carcinoma. ", "The new stage I].", "\nTo validate updated guidelines for stage I classification of patients with differentiated small-cell bronchogenic carcinoma. ", "Seven hundred seventeen tumors of differentiated small-cell bronchogenic carcinoma were resected in our hospital and given a TNM classification of stage I based on guidelines recently issued by the Spanish Society of Pneumology and Chest Surgery (SEPAR). ", "Survival was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method and curves were compared with a log-rank test. ", "The Cox proportional hazards model was used to analyze multiple variables. ", "One hundred forty-two cases were classified as stage IA and 575 as stage IB. ", "Survival was significantly longer for stage IA than for stage IB (p = 0.0021). ", "The prognosis was significantly better for stage IA patients who were asymptomatic (p = 0.0380) or who had tumors < or = 2 cm in diameter (p = 0.0431). ", "In stage IB, histologic grade (p = 0.0104) and tumor diameter (p = 0.0002) significantly affected survival. ", "A noteworthy finding was the 82% survival at five years in a group of 66 patients with a maximum tumor diameter of 3 cm classified as T2N0M0 due to invasion of the visceral pleura or to proximal involvement of a lobar bronchus at a site > 2 cm from the carina; that survival rate was not significantly different from survival for stage IA (p = 0.1573). ", "Multivariate analysis showed that tumor diameter (p = 0.0272) was of prognostic importance in stage IA, while tumor diameter (p = 0.0005) and histologic grade (p = 0.0092) were relevant in stage IB. ", "The new staging guidelines for differentiated small-cell bronchogenic carcinoma are nearer to prognostic reality given that survival for stage IA patients is significantly longer than for stage IB patients. ", "However, the method continues to have shortcomings in that it fails to achieve one of its main objectives, namely prognostic homogeneity for each subgroup, as indicated by problems related to variables of tumor extension such as diameter, involvement of the visceral pleura or bronchial location, apart from other factors that affect survival." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }

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[ "Foot Fetish Heaven (footjobs / Blowjobs In The Pose / Gorgeous Feet) 83%\n\nLike\n\nAbout Share\n\nYou have reached the maximum allowed number of favorite playlists. ", "Please delete some of your current favorite playlists before adding new ones.", "\n\nYou have to wait 2 seconds before removing/adding a playlist to favorites." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2" }

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[ "Georgios Sakellarios\n\nGeorgios Sakellarios (; 1765–1838) was a chief physician at the court of Ali Pasha.", "\n\nHe was born in Kozani and studied German and French and also Philosophy in Hungary. ", "In addition to his post at the court, he was an associate of Rigas Ferraios and Perraivos.", "\n\nSee also\nList of Macedonians (Greek)\n\nExternal links \nList of Great Macedonians (15th-19th century)\n\nCategory:1765 births\nCategory:1838 deaths\nCategory:People from Kozani\nCategory:Greek Macedonians\nCategory:Greek educational theorists\nCategory:Macedonia under the Ottoman Empire\nCategory:18th-century Greek physicians\nCategory:19th-century Greek physicians" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }

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[ "/*\n * Copyright 2017 Red Hat Inc.\n *\n * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a\n * copy of this software and associated documentation files (the \"Software\"),\n * to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation\n * the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense,\n * and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the\n * Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:\n *\n * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in\n * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.", "\n *\n * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED \"AS IS\", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR\n * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,\n * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. ", " IN NO EVENT SHALL\n * THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER(S) OR AUTHOR(S) BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR\n * OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE,\n * ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR\n * OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.", "\n */\n#include \"ummu.h\"\n#include \"umem.h\"\n#include \"uvmm.h\"\n\n#include <core/client.h>\n\n#include <nvif/if0008.h>\n#include <nvif/unpack.h>\n\nstatic int\nnvkm_ummu_sclass(struct nvkm_object *object, int index,\n\t\t struct nvkm_oclass *oclass)\n{\n\tstruct nvkm_mmu *mmu = nvkm_ummu(object)->mmu;\n\n\tif (mmu->func->mem.user.oclass && oclass->client->super) {\n\t\tif (index-- == 0) {\n\t\t\toclass->base = mmu->func->mem.user;\n\t\t\toclass->ctor = nvkm_umem_new;\n\t\t\treturn 0;\n\t\t}\n\t}\n\n\tif (mmu->func->vmm.user.oclass) {\n\t\tif (index-- == 0) {\n\t\t\toclass->base = mmu->func->vmm.user;\n\t\t\toclass->ctor = nvkm_uvmm_new;\n\t\t\treturn 0;\n\t\t}\n\t}\n\n\treturn -EINVAL;\n}\n\nstatic int\nnvkm_ummu_heap(struct nvkm_ummu *ummu, void *argv, u32 argc)\n{\n\tstruct nvkm_mmu *mmu = ummu->mmu;\n\tunion {\n\t\tstruct nvif_mmu_heap_v0 v0;\n\t} *args = argv;\n\tint ret = -ENOSYS;\n\tu8 index;\n\n\tif (!(", "ret = nvif_unpack(ret, &argv, &argc, args->v0, 0, 0, false))) {\n\t\tif ((index = args->v0.index) >= mmu->heap_nr)\n\t\t\treturn -EINVAL;\n\t\targs->v0.size = mmu->heap[index].size;\n\t} else\n\t\treturn ret;\n\n\treturn 0;\n}\n\nstatic int\nnvkm_ummu_type(struct nvkm_ummu *ummu, void *argv, u32 argc)\n{\n\tstruct nvkm_mmu *mmu = ummu->mmu;\n\tunion {\n\t\tstruct nvif_mmu_type_v0 v0;\n\t} *args = argv;\n\tint ret = -ENOSYS;\n\tu8 type, index;\n\n\tif (!(", "ret = nvif_unpack(ret, &argv, &argc, args->v0, 0, 0, false))) {\n\t\tif ((index = args->v0.index) >= mmu->type_nr)\n\t\t\treturn -EINVAL;\n\t\ttype = mmu->type[index].type;\n\t\targs->v0.heap = mmu->type[index].heap;\n\t\targs->v0.vram = !!(", "type & NVKM_MEM_VRAM);\n\t\targs->v0.host = !!(", "type & NVKM_MEM_HOST);\n\t\targs->v0.comp = !!(", "type & NVKM_MEM_COMP);\n\t\targs->v0.disp = !!(", "type & NVKM_MEM_DISP);\n\t\targs->v0.kind = !!(", "type & NVKM_MEM_KIND);\n\t\targs->v0.mappable = !!(", "type & NVKM_MEM_MAPPABLE);\n\t\targs->v0.coherent = !!(", "type & NVKM_MEM_COHERENT);\n\t\targs->v0.uncached = !!(", "type & NVKM_MEM_UNCACHED);\n\t} else\n\t\treturn ret;\n\n\treturn 0;\n}\n\nstatic int\nnvkm_ummu_kind(struct nvkm_ummu *ummu, void *argv, u32 argc)\n{\n\tstruct nvkm_mmu *mmu = ummu->mmu;\n\tunion {\n\t\tstruct nvif_mmu_kind_v0 v0;\n\t} *args = argv;\n\tconst u8 *kind = NULL;\n\tint ret = -ENOSYS, count = 0;\n\n\tif (mmu->func->kind)\n\t\tkind = mmu->func->kind(mmu, &count);\n\n\tif (!(", "ret = nvif_unpack(ret, &argv, &argc, args->v0, 0, 0, true))) {\n\t\tif (argc !", "= args->v0.count * sizeof(*args->v0.data))\n\t\t\treturn -EINVAL;\n\t\tif (args->v0.count > count)\n\t\t\treturn -EINVAL;\n\t\tmemcpy(args->v0.data, kind, args->v0.count);\n\t} else\n\t\treturn ret;\n\n\treturn 0;\n}\n\nstatic int\nnvkm_ummu_mthd(struct nvkm_object *object, u32 mthd, void *argv, u32 argc)\n{\n\tstruct nvkm_ummu *ummu = nvkm_ummu(object);\n\tswitch (mthd) {\n\tcase NVIF_MMU_V0_HEAP: return nvkm_ummu_heap(ummu, argv, argc);\n\tcase NVIF_MMU_V0_TYPE: return nvkm_ummu_type(ummu, argv, argc);\n\tcase NVIF_MMU_V0_KIND: return nvkm_ummu_kind(ummu, argv, argc);\n\tdefault:\n\t\tbreak;\n\t}\n\treturn -EINVAL;\n}\n\nstatic const struct nvkm_object_func\nnvkm_ummu = {\n\t.mthd = nvkm_ummu_mthd,\n\t.sclass = nvkm_ummu_sclass,\n};\n\nint\nnvkm_ummu_new(struct nvkm_device *device, const struct nvkm_oclass *oclass,\n\t void *argv, u32 argc, struct nvkm_object **pobject)\n{\n\tunion {\n\t\tstruct nvif_mmu_v0 v0;\n\t} *args = argv;\n\tstruct nvkm_mmu *mmu = device->mmu;\n\tstruct nvkm_ummu *ummu;\n\tint ret = -ENOSYS, kinds = 0;\n\n\tif (mmu->func->kind)\n\t\tmmu->func->kind(mmu, &kinds);\n\n\tif (!(", "ret = nvif_unpack(ret, &argv, &argc, args->v0, 0, 0, false))) {\n\t\targs->v0.dmabits = mmu->dma_bits;\n\t\targs->v0.heap_nr = mmu->heap_nr;\n\t\targs->v0.type_nr = mmu->type_nr;\n\t\targs->v0.kind_nr = kinds;\n\t} else\n\t\treturn ret;\n\n\tif (!(", "ummu = kzalloc(sizeof(*ummu), GFP_KERNEL)))\n\t\treturn -ENOMEM;\n\tnvkm_object_ctor(&nvkm_ummu, oclass, &ummu->object);\n\tummu->mmu = mmu;\n\t*pobject = &ummu->object;\n\treturn 0;\n}\n" ]

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[ "Punjab bureaucrat says political interference will not be tolerated\n\nA Punjab bureaucrat has said that the civil servants will not allow any political interference.", "\n\nShahid Hussain, who is the managing director of the Public Procurement Regulatory Authority, remarked that the bureaucrats will serve their posts legally. ", "Hussain, a grade 21 officer, is also the president of the Provincial Management Services Association.", "\n\nHe was responding to the comments made by Information Minister Fawad Chaudhry that the bureaucracy should implement the policies of the government.", "\n\n“We won’t be pressurised. ", "The prime minister had categorically said that there will be no political interference in bureaucracy,” he said. “", "We will follow what is written in the book and not exceed our mandate.”", "\n\nHe remarked that some people compromise on their principles to fulfil “petty interests”.", "\n\n‘Bureaucrats have to work with government’\n\nPunjab information minister Fayyazul Hassan Chohan remarked that the statements made by both Imran Khan and Fawad Chaudhry are correct.", "\n\n“The law and the Constitution state that the bureaucracy has to work with government,” he told SAMAA TV. “", "However, if the government bypasses the law, then they shouldn't agree.”", "\n\nHe remarked that the opposition is just trying to create a controversy.", "\n\n“In Punjab, 98% civil servants are working in coordination with me and Chief Minister Usman Buzdar,” he said.", "\n\nWhen asked about the controversial posting of Pakpattan DPO following an altercation with Khawar Maneka, the ex-husband of the first lady, Chohan said that the case can’t be compared to that of Model Town, in which the police were ordered to open fire on protesters.", "\n\n“We criticised the interference of previous governments in bureaucrats because they were killing people, laundering money and using people such as Fawad Hassan Fawad [former Lahore Development Authority official] to grant contracts illegally,” he said.", "\n\n‘Bureaucrats will implement PTI’s policies’\n\nFawad Chaudhry, while speaking to the media outside the parliament on Wednesday, said that the bureaucrats have been told to implement the policies of the PTI government.", "\n\n\"Those who want to implement them are free to leave their posts,\" he remarked. ", "The bureaucrats think that they run the country, he added." ]

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[ "The Neotropics\n\nThis is one special bird, and was one of the highlights of this trip to the Ecuadorian Amazon. ", "Honeycreepers may be small, but they certainly pack a colorful punch to any photography.", "\nNapo River, Ecuador" ]

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[ "[TGIF] 6 freshest tunes of the week\n\nHere's a little surprise cooked with today's releases. ", "Enjoy the weekend with great (new) music.", "\n\nThank God Its Friday! ", "Today, the 21st of October, 2016 was a very fruitful day. ", "So fruitful we found ourselves overwhelmed with too many great new songs and not knowing which one to pick. ", "So we decided to post about them all! ", "Bellow you’ll find our top 6 singles released these last two days that’ll fit right in any chilled or productive weekend.", "\n\nAngelic, atmospheric electronic chill is all we ask for some relaxation. ", "And that’s exactly what Woodes delivered with Rise. ", "The deep tones and the ethereal drifts will wake you in a soft way and persist into a great mood.", "\n\nTinder Date is TABFH newest single and follows the powerful nostalgic Embers. ", "This single is very current as it approaches in a very playful yet really honest way how online dating goes. ", "Upbeat melody and funky immersive vocals, this Tinder Date is one of the best we ever had!", "\n\nPeople Like Trees is an indie-folk band from Virginia posting their first track on SoundCloud. ", "Rythmic, harmonic and dynamic, Nothing Like Me is an invitation from this five guys to dance this weekend, even though we’re nothing like them.", "\n\nGAUCI present themselves as a progressive trio, exploring electronic music with dark notes on her voice. ", "Hurry is their very first track and goes directly to every dancefloor! ", "We anxiously await for more songs, but until then, we’ll keep listening to this “sounds-like-80”s” Hurry!", "\n\nHe might have an amateur on his name, but works like a pro, so best suits him perfectly! ", "Amateur Bestis one of our fairest choices for every weekend, but this one is different: Amateur Best just released BJØRNEHEI! ", "and we bet it will be on your playlist!", "\n\nWe hope your weekend is as enjoyable as these little treats!", "\n\n[TGIF] 6 freshest tunes of the week was last modified: October 21st, 2016 by WtMM Team" ]

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[ "Q:\n\nReact scroll component to view inside overflow hidden element\n\nI have a list which contains a series of items, but I can't get it to scroll another item into view. ", "Solutions such as this doesn't quite work, because I have to scroll up and down (basically if the list is too large, scroll it at intervals to display all items).", "\nI made a codepen that illustrates the problem with react-scroll-to-component, but I am open to any library / native solution. ", "The basic functionality is just scrollToComponent(ref, <options>). ", "\nThe error as far as I can tell is that it attempts to scroll on the body, rather than the actual container. ", "If you remove the height / overflow properties of the div, it will work.", "\nDoesn't work:\n<div\n style={{\n height: `200px`,\n overflow: \"hidden\"\n }}\n>\n {this.state.items.map(item => (\n <Item ref={inst => (this[`ref_${item}`] = inst)} item={item} />\n ))}\n</div>\n\nWorks:\n<div>\n {this.state.items.map(item => (\n <Item ref={inst => (this[`ref_${item}`] = inst)} item={item} />\n ))}\n</div>\n\nFull code for anyone not wanting to go to codepen:\nclass Item extends React.", "Component {\n render() {\n return <div style={{ padding: `12px` }}>Item {this.props.item}</div>;\n }\n}\n\nclass List extends React.", "Component {\n state = {\n items: [\n 1,\n 2,\n 3,\n 4,\n 5,\n 6,\n 7,\n 8,\n 9,\n 10,\n 11,\n 12,\n 13,\n 14,\n 15,\n 16,\n 17,\n 18,\n 19,\n 20\n ]\n };\n\n componendDidMount() {\n this.state.items.forEach(item => (this[`ref_${item}`] = React.createRef()));\n }\n\n onClick = () => {\n scrollToComponent(this.ref_20);\n };\n\n render() {\n const { items } = this.state;\n return (\n <div>\n <h1>My List</h1>\n <button onClick={this.onClick}>Clickidy</button>\n {/*Replace with <div> to see it work*/}\n <div\n style={{\n height: `200px`,\n overflow: \"hidden\",\n backgroundColor: \"red\"\n }}\n >\n {this.state.items.map(item => (\n <Item ref={inst => (this[`ref_${item}`] = inst)} item={item} />\n ))}\n </div>\n </div>\n );\n }\n}\n\nA:\n\nI'm going to give you a simple fix but this is how it works.", "\nYou will need to set the overflow of the div containing all the elements to scroll. ", "This is because if you set it to hidden all elements that are can't fit into that div get hidden. ", "The solution I'm giving you doesn't require even using react-scroll-to-component or any package. ", "\nimport React from \"react\";\nimport { render } from \"react-dom\";\n\nclass Item extends React.", "Component {\n render() {\n const { item } = this.props;\n return (\n <div style={{ padding: `12px` }} id={item}>\n Item {item}\n </div>\n );\n }\n}\n\nclass List extends React.", "Component {\n state = {\n items: [\n 1,\n 2,\n 3,\n 4,\n 5,\n 6,\n 7,\n 8,\n 9,\n 10,\n 11,\n 12,\n 13,\n 14,\n 15,\n 16,\n 17,\n 18,\n 19,\n 20\n ]\n };\n\n onClick = () => {\n /** You can avoid using getElementById if you can get the div rendered by Item component using refs.", "\n * You can look at refs forwarding and other technics to see how you can solve this */\n const divToScrollTo = document.getElementById(`${this.ref_20.props.item}`);\n if (divToScrollTo) {\n divToScrollTo.scrollIntoView();\n }\n };\n\n render() {\n const { items } = this.state;\n return (\n <div>\n <h1>My List</h1>\n <button onClick={this.onClick}>Clickidy</button>\n <div\n style={{\n height: `200px`,\n overflow: \"scroll\",\n backgroundColor: \"red\"\n }}\n >\n {this.state.items.map(item => (\n <Item ref={inst => (this[`ref_${item}`] = inst)} item={item} />\n ))}\n </div>\n </div>\n );\n }\n}\n\nOr you can click the link below for the code pen solution\nhttps://codesandbox.io/s/2vo0j2w660\nI haven't done more optimisations which are required in your code because I'm time bad but hope this helps\nIts even easier if you used refs forwarding as shown at code pen here https://codesandbox.io/s/yjj66xl2v1 but you have to create refs in the constructor method`\n\n" ]

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[ "//=-- CoverageMappingReader.h - Code coverage mapping reader ------*- C++ -*-=//\n//\n// The LLVM Compiler Infrastructure\n//\n// This file is distributed under the University of Illinois Open Source\n// License. ", "See LICENSE.TXT for details.", "\n//\n//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//\n//\n// This file contains support for reading coverage mapping data for\n// instrumentation based coverage.", "\n//\n//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//\n\n#ifndef LLVM_PROFILEDATA_COVERAGEMAPPINGREADER_H\n#define LLVM_PROFILEDATA_COVERAGEMAPPINGREADER_H\n\n#include \"llvm/ProfileData/InstrProf.h\"\n#include \"llvm/ProfileData/CoverageMapping.h\"\n#include \"llvm/Object/ObjectFile.h\"\n#include \"llvm/ADT/ArrayRef.h\"\n#include \"llvm/ADT/StringRef.h\"\n#include \"llvm/Support/MemoryBuffer.h\"\n#include \"llvm/Support/FileSystem.h\"\n\n#include <iterator>\n\nnamespace llvm {\nnamespace coverage {\n\nclass ObjectFileCoverageMappingReader;\n\n/// \\brief Coverage mapping information for a single function.", "\nstruct CoverageMappingRecord {\n StringRef FunctionName;\n uint64_t FunctionHash;\n ArrayRef<StringRef> Filenames;\n ArrayRef<CounterExpression> Expressions;\n ArrayRef<CounterMappingRegion> MappingRegions;\n};\n\n/// \\brief A file format agnostic iterator over coverage mapping data.", "\nclass CoverageMappingIterator\n : public std::iterator<std::input_iterator_tag, CoverageMappingRecord> {\n ObjectFileCoverageMappingReader *Reader;\n CoverageMappingRecord Record;\n\n void increment();\n\npublic:\n CoverageMappingIterator() : Reader(nullptr) {}\n CoverageMappingIterator(ObjectFileCoverageMappingReader *Reader)\n : Reader(Reader) {\n increment();\n }\n\n CoverageMappingIterator &operator++() {\n increment();\n return *this;\n }\n bool operator==(const CoverageMappingIterator &RHS) {\n return Reader == RHS.Reader;\n }\n bool operator!=(const CoverageMappingIterator &RHS) {\n return Reader !", "= RHS.Reader;\n }\n CoverageMappingRecord &operator*() { return Record; }\n CoverageMappingRecord *operator->() { return &Record; }\n};\n\n/// \\brief Base class for the raw coverage mapping and filenames data readers.", "\nclass RawCoverageReader {\nprotected:\n StringRef Data;\n\n /// \\brief Return the error code.", "\n std::error_code error(std::error_code EC) { return EC; }\n\n /// \\brief Clear the current error code and return a successful one.", "\n std::error_code success() { return error(instrprof_error::success); }\n\n RawCoverageReader(StringRef Data) : Data(Data) {}\n\n std::error_code readULEB128(uint64_t &Result);\n std::error_code readIntMax(uint64_t &Result, uint64_t MaxPlus1);\n std::error_code readSize(uint64_t &Result);\n std::error_code readString(StringRef &Result);\n};\n\n/// \\brief Reader for the raw coverage filenames.", "\nclass RawCoverageFilenamesReader : public RawCoverageReader {\n std::vector<StringRef> &Filenames;\n\n RawCoverageFilenamesReader(const RawCoverageFilenamesReader &)\n LLVM_DELETED_FUNCTION;\n RawCoverageFilenamesReader &\n operator=(const RawCoverageFilenamesReader &) LLVM_DELETED_FUNCTION;\n\npublic:\n RawCoverageFilenamesReader(StringRef Data, std::vector<StringRef> &Filenames)\n : RawCoverageReader(Data), Filenames(Filenames) {}\n\n std::error_code read();\n};\n\n/// \\brief Reader for the raw coverage mapping data.", "\nclass RawCoverageMappingReader : public RawCoverageReader {\n StringRef FunctionName;\n ArrayRef<StringRef> TranslationUnitFilenames;\n std::vector<StringRef> &Filenames;\n std::vector<CounterExpression> &Expressions;\n std::vector<CounterMappingRegion> &MappingRegions;\n\n RawCoverageMappingReader(const RawCoverageMappingReader &)\n LLVM_DELETED_FUNCTION;\n RawCoverageMappingReader &\n operator=(const RawCoverageMappingReader &) LLVM_DELETED_FUNCTION;\n\npublic:\n RawCoverageMappingReader(StringRef FunctionName, StringRef MappingData,\n ArrayRef<StringRef> TranslationUnitFilenames,\n std::vector<StringRef> &Filenames,\n std::vector<CounterExpression> &Expressions,\n std::vector<CounterMappingRegion> &MappingRegions)\n : RawCoverageReader(MappingData), FunctionName(FunctionName),\n TranslationUnitFilenames(TranslationUnitFilenames),\n Filenames(Filenames), Expressions(Expressions),\n MappingRegions(MappingRegions) {}\n\n std::error_code read(CoverageMappingRecord &Record);\n\nprivate:\n std::error_code decodeCounter(unsigned Value, Counter &C);\n std::error_code readCounter(Counter &C);\n std::error_code\n readMappingRegionsSubArray(std::vector<CounterMappingRegion> &MappingRegions,\n unsigned InferredFileID, size_t NumFileIDs);\n};\n\n/// \\brief Reader for the coverage mapping data that is emitted by the\n/// frontend and stored in an object file.", "\nclass ObjectFileCoverageMappingReader {\npublic:\n struct ProfileMappingRecord {\n CoverageMappingVersion Version;\n StringRef FunctionName;\n uint64_t FunctionHash;\n StringRef CoverageMapping;\n size_t FilenamesBegin;\n size_t FilenamesSize;\n\n ProfileMappingRecord(CoverageMappingVersion Version, StringRef FunctionName,\n uint64_t FunctionHash, StringRef CoverageMapping,\n size_t FilenamesBegin, size_t FilenamesSize)\n : Version(Version), FunctionName(FunctionName),\n FunctionHash(FunctionHash), CoverageMapping(CoverageMapping),\n FilenamesBegin(FilenamesBegin), FilenamesSize(FilenamesSize) {}\n };\n\nprivate:\n std::error_code LastError;\n object::OwningBinary<object::ObjectFile> Object;\n std::vector<StringRef> Filenames;\n std::vector<ProfileMappingRecord> MappingRecords;\n size_t CurrentRecord;\n std::vector<StringRef> FunctionsFilenames;\n std::vector<CounterExpression> Expressions;\n std::vector<CounterMappingRegion> MappingRegions;\n\n ObjectFileCoverageMappingReader(const ObjectFileCoverageMappingReader &)\n LLVM_DELETED_FUNCTION;\n ObjectFileCoverageMappingReader &\n operator=(const ObjectFileCoverageMappingReader &) LLVM_DELETED_FUNCTION;\n\n /// \\brief Set the current error_code and return same.", "\n std::error_code error(std::error_code EC) {\n LastError = EC;\n return EC;\n }\n\n /// \\brief Clear the current error code and return a successful one.", "\n std::error_code success() { return error(instrprof_error::success); }\n\npublic:\n ObjectFileCoverageMappingReader(StringRef FileName);\n ObjectFileCoverageMappingReader(\n std::unique_ptr<MemoryBuffer> &ObjectBuffer,\n sys::fs::file_magic Type = sys::fs::file_magic::unknown);\n\n std::error_code readHeader();\n std::error_code readNextRecord(CoverageMappingRecord &Record);\n\n /// Iterator over profile data.", "\n CoverageMappingIterator begin() { return CoverageMappingIterator(this); }\n CoverageMappingIterator end() { return CoverageMappingIterator(); }\n\n /// \\brief Return true if the reader has finished reading the profile data.", "\n bool isEOF() { return LastError == instrprof_error::eof; }\n /// \\brief Return true if the reader encountered an error reading profiling\n /// data.", "\n bool hasError() { return LastError && !", "isEOF(); }\n /// \\brief Get the current error code.", "\n std::error_code getError() { return LastError; }\n};\n\n} // end namespace coverage\n} // end namespace llvm\n\n#endif\n" ]

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[ "LOCAL regression applied to a citrus multispecies library to assess chemical quality parameters using near infrared spectroscopy.", "\nThe non-destructive on-tree measurement of the chemical quality attributes of fruits belonging to the Citrus genus using rapid spectral sensors is of vital interest to citrus growers, allowing them to carry out a selective harvest of any species of Citrus fruit. ", "With this objective, the viability of using of a handheld portable near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) instrument to predict soluble solid content (SSC), pH, titratable acidity (TA), maturity index and BrimA, in order to measure the optimum harvest time in a group made up of 608 samples belonging to the Citrus genus (378 oranges and 230 mandarins) was evaluated. ", "For each of the parameters analysed, both non-linear regression (LOCAL algorithm) and linear regression (Modified Partial Least Squares, MPLS) strategies were designed and compared. ", "The use of the LOCAL algorithm in the sample group of oranges and mandarins for all the parameters analysed allowed to obtain more robust models than those obtained with MPLS regression, and it could also be extended more easily when routinely applied. ", "The results confirm that NIRS technology combined with non-linear regression strategies such as the LOCAL algorithm can indeed respond to the needs of the Citrus growers and help them to set the optimum harvest time, in this case of oranges and mandarins, by predicting the chemical quality parameters in situ." ]

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[ "SE Delco vs. Rich Joseph\n\nGil, Your columns on this story have been on the mark. ", "Children DO LIE about sexual contact. ", "This is an outrageous example and yet the adult gets punished the shild rewarded. ", "This country is losing a grip on reality. ", "The child sexual abuse issue is skewed. ", "So many in authority are acting to the extreme and without investigation. ", "This is not the only case in Southeast Delco where such accusations have gotten out of hand.", "\n\nMr. Joseph is an educator for a very long time who now will probably be blackballed and will not be able to get a job in the field that he has made his chosen career. ", "I hope a some school district somewhere will have the courage to hire him and let him finish his career doing what he love and what he is good at. ", "I applaude Mr. Spencer for bringing this little secret to the attention of the readers of the Daily Times, who should start asking questions. ", "My question would be why did they bring the charges and they offer his job back...there are too many questions and not enough answers..what is going on here?" ]

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[ "Q:\n\nIs there a way to tell a browser to not cache a particular custom page?", "\n\nA custom module I'm building has a page callback that creates and Inbox listing. ", "When a user clicks an item in the inbox, another page callback displays the message, and it updates the database to record that it's been read.", "\nThe problem is that when the user presses Back, they get back to their local cache of the inbox which suggests it has not been read. ", "If they reload, it's OK.", "\nIs there a way (in hook_menu?) ", "to flag that a page should not be cached/expires immediately?", "\n\nA:\n\nIf I understand your expectation correctly, it's less of a Drupal and more of a browser thing. ", "When the user presses the Back button, if you don't want the browser to show a copy of the web page that it might already have, the Cache-Control header in your initial response must have no-store. ", "Drupal by default, doesn't have this. ", "You can confirm this by checking the definition of this function.", "\nSimply overwriting the Cache-Control header seems to fix this on Opera 16, Firefox 23 and Chrome 30. ", "However, on Safari 6, it doesn't. ", "Turns out that it might be a known issue. ", "So, we might have to turn to a Javascript hack for that.", "\nIn summary, including the snippet below in your page callback should do the trick for you. ", "I have assumed Drupal 7.", "\n// Add no-store in Cache-Control.", "\ndrupal_add_http_header(\n 'Cache-Control', \n 'no-store, no-cache, must-revalidate, post-check=0, pre-check=0', \n FALSE\n);\n// Hack for Safari\ndrupal_add_js('jQuery(window).unload(function(){});', array('type' => 'inline'));\n\nThis seems to work on a fresh Drupal 7.22 install for an authenticated user. ", "If the page in question has been asked to be stored in the Drupal cache or if you are using a contributed module that also messes with the response headers, this might not work as is for you.", "\nUseful References\n\nhttps://stackoverflow.com/questions/866822/why-both-no-cache-and-no-store-should-be-used-in-http-response\nhttp://madhatted.com/2013/6/16/you-do-not-understand-browser-history\nhttps://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/HTTP_Caching_FAQ\nhttp://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec14.html\nhttps://drupal.org/node/197786#comment-1055633\n\n" ]

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[ "I can personally vouch for the Pac Rim Roman Lit Seminar; it was a great event last year and everyone I speak to who has been usually recommends it too. ", "It’s a ‘seminar’ format, so single sessions in which everyone sits. ", "You get a lot of really useful feedback on your paper too.", "\n\nDates: 6th July 2014 to 9th July 2014 (n.b. ", "Sunday 6th July is the opening night reception and papers will begin on Monday 7th July)\n\nAncient and modern scholars alike have described, represented, deciphered and constructed Rome in a multiplicity of ways. ", "Both now and in the past, writers have attempted to make sense of Rome’s identity/identities as an urban landscape, as a political entity, as a producer and consumer of culture, as an idea and as an empire. ", "Rome is cast in a myriad of ways in literary texts: an ideal society, a fallen state, a reinvigorated civilisation, a mirror or an historical parallel, and scholars increasingly recognise that even Roman texts which nominally set their action in entirely different time periods and geographical locations or in the realms of mythology cannot escape dealing with and therefore theorising Rome itself. ", "As a concept ‘Rome’ is flexible and mutable, and in the hands of skilled writers the boundaries of this concept might be reinforced, questioned or challenged.", "\n\nThis conference invites papers that examine the different ways that the idea of Rome has been, and still is, theorised in literary texts. ", "This theme may be interpreted widely to include papers on how Rome is theorised as a literary artefact in scholarship and/or in literature. ", "Papers on the wide range of areas which intersect with Latin literary study are invited; these include (but are not limited to) literary theory, philosophy, politics, geography and reception studies.", "\n\nPapers on this theme of either 20 or 45 minutes duration are invited. ", "20-minute papers will be delivered in sessions of 30 minutes each and 45-minute papers in sessions of 60 minutes, to give adequate time for discussion. ", "Depending upon the response to this call it may be necessary to limit the number of 45-minute papers to ensure that the conference does not go over time.", "\n\nSee the website link above for more information on submitting a paper.", "\n\nRegular readers of my blog may already know of the struggles I’ve had with Papers, the bibliographic database and research tool. ", "That last link goes to what is by far (a huge margin) my single most popular blog page. ", "That is because the Wikipedia entry for Papers links to it. ", "But if you need verification of my negative appraisal of Papers in those posts, or in this one, just have a look at the comments. ", "Anyway, I took the decision a couple of weeks ago to stop trying to make Papers work for me at all and try another tool in its place. ", "Ditching it and moving over to Mendeley was relatively straightforward for me.", "\n\nThe Mendeley web application interface\n\nMendeley comes in three major components.", "\n\nThe first part is the web application, where you sign up for an account. ", "The account is free, and you get up to 2 gigabytes of storage space for your research database. ", "If you need more you can purchase a plan to get more space. ", "I’ve got several hundred papers in my database and it uses 600 megabytes, less than half the allocated free space. ", "Technically, all you actually need is the web application. ", "The Mendeley web app also has this social networking aspect, but I think these features are actually rubbish in a general sense.", "\n\nThe continual focus by Papers on extending its ‘social networking’, rather than fixing the serious data reliability issues and extending its core research and citation features was one of the reasons I decided to cut it loose in the end. ", "On this account I don’t care for similar features in Mendeley. ", "If I want to get a social network of academic research interests, there’s always academia.edu. ", "That is, besides regular networking at conferences, and participating on relevant mailing lists. ", "Mendeley uses the social network to retrieve articles off those which other people upload into their databases. ", "Yet the usefulness of this feature is going to depend how many Mendeley users there are in your research area.", "\n\nThe second part of Mendeley is “Mendeley Desktop”, a free download from the site. ", "It’s your local application that you run as a native app on your Mac or PC. ", "It downloads your research database from your online account. ", "It uploads any new papers that you add to the desktop app to the database in the web application. ", "There are Desktop versions for Windows (XP and later) and Linux as well as Mac OSX. ", "The Desktop app can also import your Papers library into Mendeley if you are converting. ", "It directly imports your Papers2 database. ", "I am not sure if it can import a Papers3 database. ", "Papers3 does its darnedest to hide the database from you: you may have to export your Papers3 database to a .bib file and allow Mendeley to import that. ", "Mendeley Desktop also has some neat features and some drawbacks compared to Papers (see below).", "\n\nThe third part of Mendeley is an iOS app. ", "The Mendeley iOS app is free, unlike the Papers iOS app. ", "For Papers, you have to buy the iOS app as a separate item to the Mac or Windows app. ", "The Mendeley iOS app, just like the Desktop program and basic levels of web storage, is completely free. ", "Like the Desktop app, the Mendeley iOS app syncs to the central web-based data repository. ", "Papers2 tries to cross-sync its iOS app to the desktop via your wifi network, an inferior solution. ", "The Papers3 iOS app syncs to your desktop via Dropbox, or iCloud. ", "The Mendeley iOS app lets you carry around your research database on your iPhone or iPad or both. ", "This is great for reading research articles on the train or bus, during lunch, or just sitting around under a shady tree in beautiful Queensland weather (did I mention I go to the University with the most beautiful campus in all Australia?). ", "The Papers iOS apps have this functionality too of course, but at a cost. ", "There is also the matter of the two different iOS apps depending whether you use Papers2 or Papers3.", "\n\nThere are some nice features that you gain from switching from Papers over to Mendeley:\n\nMendeley automatically syncs its database to a nominated .bib file for BibTeX or BibLaTeX so you can always have one up to date with your research data. ", "This is important for people like me who use plain-text tools like Pandoc and LaTeX to create and edit their articles. ", "Having to remember when I last performed a manual export of the .bib file from Papers was a pain in the neck.", "\n\nMendeley generates citation keys in much nicer format. ", "The default is a straight author-date format (Mcphee2014). ", "This way you don’t have to remember those awful random appendices that Papers tacked onto the end of its cite keys. ", "And Mendeley doesn’t generate the colon between the author and the year (Mcphee:2014zkwel). ", "To convert from the Papers format to the one used by Mendeley, I had to do a bulk ‘regular expressions’ search and replace on documents. ", "I had already created. ", "But that didn’t take long (because I use simple marked-up plain text as my main document format). ", "Now it’s much nicer to insert references into my documents, as it’s easy to recall the citation key.", "\n\nIt’s free if you have less than 2GB of PDFs (I mentioned this already but it bears repeating).", "\n\nI feel that Mendeley’s duplicate paper detection and merge is superior to Paper’s. ", "But, Papers has an author merge and journal merge feature that Mendeley doesn’t. ", "This is pretty neat when you get several variants of Author or Journal names, and Mendeley doesn’t have this feature. ", "Instead you have to edit the offending documents one by one so all the relevant authors and journals match. ", "This is not as nice as Papers’ superior method of dealing with duplicate authors and journals.", "\n\nI far prefer the central-server sync scheme used by Mendeley to the Dropbox or iCloud style database file sharing, or inter-device wi-fi sync that Papers uses. ", "The Papers developers clearly have struggled with these latter mechanisms (and cross-sync can be hellish to do successfully at the best of times). ", "Furthermore, Mendeley Desktop’s local configuration and data store is sqlite, a standard lightweight application storage database. ", "This means that standard tools exist which allow a geek like me to hack into my local Mendeley database if needs be. ", "I have found this feature useful to clean up the horrible citation keys that Mendeley imported from my Papers database. ", "But if this last point sounds like gobbledegook to you, just remember that Mendeley’s storage of your precious research data is more reliable than Papers.", "\n\nWhat you do lose when you switch from Papers to Mendeley is the internal search hook into the online article databases (e.g. JSTOR, Web of Science, Pub Med, ArXiv, etc). ", "With Mendeley, you have to go to each database that you use one at a time and use their various web search facilities. ", "Then you have to import each result into Mendeley with the supplied browser bookmarklet. ", "This is an ugly throwback to go about searching for people used to Papers’ integrated search. ", "Papers itself can search research databases and import the selected results directly. ", "Mendeley does not have this feature. ", "Yet the Mendeley website lists “Search across external databases” in the feature comparison matrix as “Almost there!” ", "With luck, this is an important feature that Mendeley won’t lack for too long.", "\n\nMendeley can auto-import PDFs that you save into a configurable directory. ", "When I last checked this feature out a few years ago, it didn’t read JSTOR metadata in the PDFs in a correct manner. ", "You had to do a tedious clean up of the resultant data by hand in the Desktop app. ", "If this applied to you, it negates the feature and creates dispiriting extra manual work. ", "Later version may have fixed this defect, but I have not yet tried it with the current version yet. (", "Update 2014-09-09: I have tried this out, and it still imports PDFs from JSTOR terribly. ", "Mendeley, please fix this defect!)", "\n\nMendeley does have a search tool for searching papers that other users have imported into Mendeley. ", "This is helpful if you are in a field that has a lot of Mendeley users. ", "But if you are not not, then you won’t find many results. ", "I tried searching for something obvious in my field and got only two pages of results. ", "Most of which I already had in my library. ", "Any one of the relevant online databases would have given back hundreds of results. ", "So you need a large pool of researchers in your field for this to be a great feature.", "\n\nThere are also some other minor drawbacks to using Mendeley.", "\n\nIn the desktop application, online, and in the iOS app the columns you can view and sort in your research database is limited. ", "They are not at all flexible or in anyway configurable. ", "For example, you can’t view and sort by citation key. ", "You can filter by publication or by Author name using a side-bar on the left. ", "You can search you own collection though and that’s pretty flexible.", "\n\nThe reference manager, which inserts citations into documents and builds your bibliography automatically, is only available for Word. ", "Also the documentation implies that Open Office and LaTeX options are available also. ", "Although Word was the only option on the menu that I saw. ", "I don’t use Word or Open Office for my research publications (and you should not either, word processors suck!). ", "I use Pandoc so I guess I’m plumb out of luck. ", "You can insert citations in several different portable flavours with Papers’ Citation.app. ", "These include Pandoc and Multimarkdown, as well as Papers’ own format. ", "Papers has more options for citations — if only I could have gotten it to be reliable. ", "Both products use the CSL format for citation formatting (as does, for example, the citeproc tool which Pandoc relies on). ", "Mendeley needs to add Pandoc and Multimarkdown citation insertion support. ", "But, Mendeley’s sensible citation key generation, combined with Pandoc’s simple reference style, makes manual insertion of citations pretty easy: @Mcphee2014 p. 1.", "\n\nIn Mendeley, author names that have apostrophes in them, such as “O’Dwyer”, generate invalid citation keys in the .bib file (e.g. “O’Dwyer1999″). ", "You have to perform a manual edit of the citation key in the desktop app to fix it to something valid, e.g. “ODwyer1998″. This is a known bug in Mendeley, let’s hope they fix it soon.", "\n\nHowever, putting up with those drawbacks beats losing research data to database corruptions! ", "If Papers didn’t have such a large range of very fatal data reliability bugs it would have many more interesting features than Mendeley. ", "Trust in your research database’s reliability has to be absolute for any researcher. ", "The Papers team have left their users in the lurch on this score. ", "Promising to fix it in future updates just doesn’t cut it. ", "Such fatal bugs should never be in a public release. ", "And once detected post-release, an emergency patch should be available within hours. ", "It shows fundamental misunderstanding of software engineering principles. ", "Mendeley, is not as flashy or as feature-rich as Papers, and lacks many advanced features, but gets the basics right. ", "Also, the Papers developers shut down public threads on their support site, to keep negative comments being visible. ", "This is a terrible, non-open way to approach support issues! ", "Without a public forum, users can’t solve each other’s problems. ", "They have to rely on official support channels only, which can take weeks to answer the simplest of queries. ", "Or they use unreliable unofficial channels. ", "Without public forums, critical bug reports, generated by their hasty release of a poor-quality beta version of Papers3 (that they had the gall to charge money for), overwhelmed the support staff. ", "The desire to control what their users were saying about their product resulted in a major loss of reputation.", "\n\nI will sum up with an analogy. ", "Mendeley is like a basic model car that is unremarkable in features and gizmos and only only comes in one color. ", "But it gets you from A to B with pretty good fuel economy and in a reliable fashion too (imagine a 1980s Japanese sedan). ", "In contrast, Papers is like a nice-looking car with tons of nice styling and loads of gizmos and advanced features as standard. ", "But every third morning it won’t start without a complete oil change and full service. ", "Once a year it tends to dump its gearbox on the freeway while you are in the middle of driving it (imagine a 1970s Fiat, Rover or Leyland). ", "Thus, while I’d love to have a beautiful, stylish car, with all the bells and whistles, the tow truck and mechanic’s bills (and the time wasted) is killing me. ", "And preventing me from getting to work on time, and sometimes not at all, so … no. ", "Mendeley it is.", "\n\nDr. David Pritchard, Senior Lecturer in Greek History in my department at the University of Queensland, talks to Dr Anastasia Bakogianni of Open University about his research dealing with the Athenian Democracy and its relationship with Athenian war-making, for Classics Confidential’s very worthwhile video series. ", "Visit Classics Confidential – The Dark Side of Democracy, with David Pritchard\n\nLivy's book 25 opens with a most remarkable sequence of non-events. ", "Almost the entirety of 25,1 seems to deal with 'unimportant' details, right from the start. ", "For example, at the beginning we learn that Hannibal was campaigning in the Sallentine region as part of his goal to capture the city of Tarentum, and:\n\nIn the interim, obscure (i.e. unimportant, undistinguished) cities of the Sallentines themselves defected to him.", "\n\nThese unworthy towns are left unnamed.", "\n\nBut then, a certain Titus Pomponius Veientanus accidentally managed to gather the appearance of a general on account of some random actions and had apparently dashed together a disordered army (which probably should be considered a rabble, but Livy uses the proper term for 'army' i.e. exercitus, but qualified with 'irregular': tumultuarius). ", "He promptly lost a battle with Hanno, somewhere in Bruttium, probably:\n\nand more (cities) would have returned (to the Roman side), if T. Pomponius Veientanus, a prefect of the allies, accidentally gathering the appearance of a legitimate general by favorably plundering Bruttian territory several times, had not fought Hanno with an irregularly assembled army.", "\n\nOf course this army, a disordered lumpen mass of agricultural labourers and slaves (inconditae turbae agrestium servorumque), was defeated by Hanno with great loss of life, but the least notable thing about this military disaster was the capture of its leader (i.e. Pomponius), who was an unimportant waste of space:\n\nThe least of the damage was that, along with the others, the prefect was captured, who at that time was the author of a imprudent battle, and who before that was a tax-collector skilled in every wrong-doing, and was treacherous and pernicious to both the republic and to societies.", "\n\nThis obscurity, unimportant and unmemorable history extends even to Sempronius the consul, who fights many puny battles (multa proelia parva, 25.1.5) and forcibly subdued a range of 'unimportant' Lucanian towns (ignobilia oppida Lucanorum aliquot expugnavit, 25.1.5).", "\n\nAll of these obscure and unworthy people, towns and events, aren't worth mentioning, really. ", "Except of course, they are! ", "Livy even names one of the unimportant people and expends a sentence telling us about his terrible life and what thoroughgoing rotter he really was. ", "He's even mentioned again, by name, later in connection with another tax-collector at 25.3.9, relating to a species of ancient insurance fraud involving 'pretend shipwrecks' (falsa naufragia). ", "This last event leads to a state crisis all through 25.4.", "\n\nThen, immediately following these repeatedly obscure and un-note-worthy, yet briefly noted, events, at 25.1.6, we're now told that at Rome, due to the uncertain nature of events with wins and losses on both sides, men are now grasped by superstition, and proper Roman rites are abandoned, not just in the home, but in public too. ", "In the forum and on the Capitoline, a crowd of women gathered and obeyed the customs of the fathers in neither sacrifices nor in prayers to the gods. '", "Sacrificers and soothsayers' captured the minds of men (sacrificuli et vates ceperant hominum mentes), and rustics crowded the city abandoning their farms and profiting from ignorance. ", "All this badness naturally led to civil disorder, and so the Senate ordered the city praetor to take the task in hand.", "\n\nA contione was held and the praetor read the senate's decree, and order that books of prophesies and prayers or sacrificial guidelines written down must be surendered to him by April, and that no foreign or novel ritual was allowed to be performed in any public or consecrated place.", "\n\nAnd straight after this we are given a list of state priests that died that year, at 25.2.1-2. ", "Surely an ill omen.", "\n\nAre these matters like the lists of prodigies which often open important sections of Livy? ", "What to make of them? ", "Why do these obscure events lead to an outbreak of public superstition? (", "Proximity in Livy is often a good indicator of 'causation'). ", "Bear in mind the large, early losses of the Romans against the Carthaginians, such as at Trasimene and Cannae, three years before, are starting to fade into the background of Hannibal's campaign in the south of Italy, and an increasing focus on Spain and Sicily. ", "It's not really until 25.6 that the focus starts to move off internal politics and the dangerous instability engendered by the clash of the tax-famers and the plebs at 25.4. ", "But even 25.6 is about the disgraced veterans of Cannae and their pleading to Marcellus to be allowed to recover their honour. ", "At 25.7.7-8 there is the list of the usual types of prodigies which must be then expiated at 25.9. ", "It's a very confused and muddled beginning, for Livy's third decade at least, like we are leading up to a major military disaster.", "\n\nBut in this book, one of the greatest military triumphs ever accomplished by a Roman – the capture of Syracuse ('the most beautiful of the Greek cities') by Marcellus – is about to be recorded from 25.24 onwards.", "\n\nI wonder if the connection between these 'facts of obscurity', corrupt tax-farmers, political instability, and the capture of Syracuse is the fact that the booty that Marcellus stripped from Syracuse (which is no longer visible in the city of Rome, in Livy's day, i.e. obscure), is also connected, via Livy's preface,to the blame he places on luxuria for 'modern' Rome's moral downfall? ", "More research required.", "\n\nI have been writing my thesis using the Pandoc markup format which is a flavour of Markdown. ", "Recently I also switched to using the Sublime Text plain text editor for this purpose. ", "As Sublime Text is fantastically extensible with easy-to-write Python 3.3. ", "plugins, thus on week nights I’ve also been building some tools that help me with some of the basic Pandoc/Markdown mark up text. ", "In particular that bane of all those who write theses of any sort: footnotes and references.", "\n\nI wrote the plugin PandocReferencr. ", "It’s available in the Package Control system for Sublime Text (to install, type CMD-SHIFT-P (CTRL-SHIFT-P on Windows and Linux), type “Package” select “Package Control: Install” from the drop down menu, wait until it fetches the package list, then type “Pandoc Ref” and select the package to install).", "\n\nThere are two main commands: one (check_footnotes) scans the current file and makes sure every footnote that has been inserted has a corresponding entry somewhere else in the file. ", "It also checks if every footnote text entry also has a footnote insert to match.", "\n\nThis block of footnoted Pandoc/Markdown has two errors and one successful footnote.", "\nThis text has a successful footnote.[^footnote1] This bit of text has a footnote\nthat's broken because it doesn't have the matching text entry.[^notexist0]\n[^footnote1]: this is the text of the successful footnote number 1.", "\n[^missing1]: there is nowhere that inserts the 'missing1' footnote.", "\n\nThe other useful command (insert_footnote) asks for a footnote id (if you have selected any text, it uses the selection as the default), and then inserts it at the end of the selection (if nothing is selected it acts as expected – inserts at the current cursor position). ", "Then it asks for the footnote text data, and when that’s completed (i.e. you press enter) it puts the footnote text at the end of the current buffer (i.e. at the end of the file).", "\n\nI’ve got some other ideas for functionality to add in the near future, like:\n\ndefault key bindings installed with the package\n\nstop the crazy big warning dialogue for files with many (>15 or so) footnote referencing errors\n\nmanual-fix and auto-fix broken footnote refs found\n\nability to put footnote text after each paragraph the footnote insert appears in rather than the end of the entire file, by configuration.", "\n\nfootnote clean up, i.e. move footnotes to paragraphs or all to end of file according to user preference of footnote placement (above).", "\n\nfootnote auto-renumbering, with automatic prefixing.", "\n\nrestrict to working with only relevant markdown and pandoc contexts (currently doesn’t care what sort of file it’s invoked in).", "\n\nMy latest support email to the Mekentosj Papers support – who rarely answer support emails anyway. ", "They don’t dare have a public forum like nearly every other software company because it would be flooded with complaints. ", "This particular complaint applies to Papers version 2, which I had to go back to after I found Papers 3 to be unusable junk. ", "Turns out the same thing applies to the Papers 2 version. ", "I wonder how much other research articles it has managed to disappear? ", "I’m sick of it. ", "I want my money back. ", "I’m going to sick a lawyer onto them for the 70 euro refund just from the principle of the thing.", "\n\nIf your data integrity is shite then it doesn’t matter diddly squat how many dancing gizmos and nice icons your so-called beautiful interface has. ", "I want a research database that doesn’t lose articles then insists the article is still in its database when it’s plainly not.", "\n\nI found today a citekey reference for [an] item in an oldish article using a cite key, that clearly I [once] had [in my papers database]. ", "I even found the article title in a manually list of references in the article.", "\n\nI looked for the article in the Papers 2 database. ", "Nothing.", "\n\nThen I searched for the article in JSTOR using Papers. ", "It didn’t find it. ", "Papers search is unreliable, terribly unreliable, so I went manually to JSTOR and found the article. ", "Pasted the JSTOR URL into a new browser window of Papers. ", "Imported OK. ", "Then I decided the easiest thing would be to assign the original citekey to the item. ", "Edited the article’s details.", "\n\nChanged the citekey. ", "Papers warns me there is an item with the same citekey in the database already!", "\n\nLooked at the list of every item in the papers2 database sorted by citekey. ", "The citekey is not to be found in the database. ", "Conclusion: Papers database corrupted again.", "\n\nI just paid for an “upgrade” to Papers3 and that was unusable for other reasons (Citations busted). ", "I’ve paid for your product (Papers2) twice. ", "I want my money back. ", "Every time I open it, there’s some new random problem with it. ", "You don’t answer your support calls. ", "Everything about your product is is either junk or corrupt or broken or a black hole which you never answer questions about serious problems.", "\n\nWhat do we know about the works that have been lost? ", "From the evidence of surviving texts we can recover the names of over one hundred Roman historians who lived and worked in the centuries between around 200 BC and AD 250 (that is, roughly, from the time of Hannibal’s defeat to the start of the barbarian invasions). ", "Some are little more than names, but in most cases we can recover something about their lives and the scope and content of their historical works; the evidence consists of quotations, references and allusions in the works of later authors whose texts do happen to survive. ", "By collecting these fragments (as they are conventionally called) we can attempt to reconstruct at least a vague outline of the lost works, and gain some idea of the history and development of Roman historical writing, as well as extracting crucially important pieces of evidence for Roman history itself.", "\n\nA new Fragments of the Roman Historianshas been published … I can’t wait until its available in my University Library, but I’ll have to wait until they get it. ", "It’s £275.00 to buy in it three-volume hardcover binding. ", "No electronic edition.", "\n\nI really don't understand why most people in the Humanities insist on using Microsoft Word to write their material. ", "Universities habituate their undergraduate humanities students to Word and they really ought to stop it. ", "I recently got a shock to my anti-Word stance when I wrote an article and was looking to submit it to a journal that only takes MS Word format articles. ", "The journal also had a really nasty custom citation format, which complicated it even further.", "\n\nIn the past I've written about using LaTeX and other tools to write my PhD. I start in Scrivener, and export to LaTeX for layout. ", "LaTeX of course won't export to Word's .docx format without a lot of rigmarole. ", "I needed another tool.", "\n\nOn the other hand Scrivener has excellent abilities to work with snippets of text, which are presented as index cards which you can rearrange – excellent for organising your thoughts and notes. ", "Its only major defect is that it uses RTF underneath the hood to store your text. ", "They suggest using Multimarkdown format (and have some built in tools to support it) but the underlying data is still saved in RTF replete with WYSIWYG markup. ", "You have to fiddle with it in order to force it look like a plain text editor (e.g. set the font to Courier). ", "The developers should just create a \"plain text mode\" which not only behaves like a plain text editor – it also stores the content as plain text. ", "This one flaw prevents me from fully embracing Scrivener. ", "Nowadays for me it's just an organisation tool I use when my writing needs to be extensively re-organised.", "\n\nInstead I've fully embraced Markdown syntax in plain text files via a tool called Pandoc. ", "This is a command-line tool that converts to and from many formats. ", "It can convert Markdown to RTF, DOCX, HTML, LaTeX, or PDF (via LaTeX) among many others. ", "Pandoc has saved my bacon! ", "It also has some excellent markup extensions that support things like citations, and it can integrate with bibliography data like .bib files, via bibLaTeX coupled with custom-styled CSL citation formats that allow me to produce the desired citation style in all target formats. ", "So I write in this Pandoc-extended Markdown format and export to LaTeX/PDF or Word or RTF as necessary. ", "The plain text files that make up my thesis and article writing as version-controlled via git on github – not that you'll see my thesis there, as it's in a private repository, sorry!", "\n\nMy editor of choice is Sublime Text. ", "It was BBEdit, which still sometimes gets used for some things. ", "Sublime Text is easily extensible via Packages, and it's easy to program your own. ", "I wouldn't fully recommend Sublime Text to a non-programmer though – even the preferences are just stored as files with JSON objects! ", "I'm still running Pandoc on the command line at the moment rather than using one of the Pandoc integration packages in Sublime Text.", "\n\nI also had a look at [Ullysses III]. ", "However it doesn't really fully support academically-styled Markdown – it doesn't know how to do Pandoc's citations for example. ", "Also it tends to default to write its files into Apple's iCloud, which means you can't get at them on the command line. ", "Although you can import 'external' folders into it, it's much more of a tool for 'creative' writers who just need simple formatting in plain text rather than academics who need to do complex things with citations and maybe tables, diagrams, and LaTeX math snippets, which are important to people in physics, maths and computer science.", "\n\nIn short, I am quite happily using plain text files and Pandoc to organise all my writing needs. ", "Plain text being plain text, I can easily switch tools to handle specific tasks which that tool is particularly better at. ", "I can write my thesis on my iPad (and I frequently do, using a bluetooth keyboard, which makes a fantastic portable writing toolkit). ", "I can reproduce any journal's custom citation format easily (and switch between them), and target whatever document format they prefer. ", "I can still use LaTeX for its fantastic layout abilities which creates far nicer looking PDFs than Word ever can. ", "And if anyone still requires it in Word format, I can send them that too. ", "You'll find yourself having less nightmares than you will with Word doing weird things to your formatting, and more to the point, when you need to just write using plain text allows you get all those jumping Microsoft distractions and hideous \"ribbon\" menus out of the way and concentrate on just the thing you need to say.", "\n\nUpdate: If this sound terribly technical, this is a sample of how to write in Pandoc/Markdown:\n\n#The header of this text is easily readable#\nWriting in Pandoc is super-easy. ", "Fire up your plain text editor\n(e.g. Notepad or TextEdit) and start writing now! ", "A guide - this\nis in *italics*, this is **bold** and this has a footnote.[^footnote]\nBlank lines separate paragraphs.^[this is a pandoc-only inline\nfootnote]\n[^footnote]: the 'footnote' reference text must be unique. ", "Pandoc will\nauto-number it. ", "The footnote text can be at the end of the document or\nafter the paragraph, it doesn't matter. ", "You can also create references\nas follows: [@ACitationReference1999 p. 1] says so. ", "Pandoc will invoke\nyour chosen bibliographic software to extract the reference and format\nthe citation according to your chosen citation format.", "\n\nI think this article by Erica Price about academic publishing is highly problematic, but nowhere near as problematic as some of the back and forth which she had with people from the writering community which can be found here.", "\n\nerikadprice:\n\nstrange-radio:\n\nerikadprice:\nIn order to succeed in academia, you must succeed in academic publishing. ", "The length of the published works section of your CV (the academic equivalent of a resume) determines your job offers, promotions, pay scale, whether you get grants, and whether you get tenure. ", "If you do not publish, you…\n\nThis is (bitterly) fucking hilarious, because in fiction publishing, all of the things she’s talking about here are giant red flags that signal “fake vanity publisher scam DO NOT USE DO NOT USE.” ", "Not that fiction publishers don’t have their own set of major issues, but there is at least the understanding that everyone involved in the process is doing work that they should get paid for, even if it’s a lot of work for shitty, risky, or long-delayed pay. ", "Like, something went wrong if nobody made any money.", "\n\nSo, to make my objections specific. ", "What the original poster is actually complaining about is the academic jobs market not the publishing market. ", "All the movement to Open Access (OA) publishing (which is in itself a good thing, to make knowledge open) are only going to make all those original poster's complaints actually worse.", "\n\nIf you want \"vanity publishing\" just wait until you see the \"Gold OA\" model. ", "Academics are increasingly required to publish their articles in a format that anyone can access (which I think is unequivocally a good thing). ", "However the so-called \"Gold\" model which is preferred by many of the funding agencies and the journal publishers (especially in the UK where there is a big shit-fight over this),1 requires the Author to pay the Journal to get all the peer reviewing, editing, etcetera, done (and of course the peer reviewing work is still unpaid labour). ", "Only rich authors or those from rich institutions will be able to publish extensively in this model.", "\n\nNow that is really much more like \"vanity\" publishing, and it's already been reported some slimy commercial journal outfits are scanning through conference programmes and emailing likely presenters with offers to publish their work in their shitty little journal, for a fee, in the name of Open Access – and that is actual vanity publishing. ", "This sort of thing has happened to PhD theses for years. ", "Plus look what happens to scholarly monograph publishing in the world of pay-for-play open access. ", "The \"Gold\" model will likely destroy or deeply cripple academic publishing in the Humanities (as opposed to the \"Green\" model which means placing articles after a short period of embargo, into freely accessible institutional repositories).", "\n\nI have some additional objections to some of the points raised in the original article. ", "The situations described in that piece are potentially different for different fields (the author's field is social psychology if I read the 'about' page correctly). ", "It is a huge error of misattribution to assume that experience in one field is mirrored in all the others. ", "Also it seems the author may also be involved with creative writing, which already has a commercial market for the primary output of creative writing (magazines, books, novels, New York Times bestseller list, etc).2\n\nIn areas like Ancient History and Classics (I can't really speak for any other areas), the journals are nearly all published by scholarly societies and the journal is usually included in the price of society membership (it not usually \"a few hundred dollars\" but more often in the range of about a hundred dollars or less). ", "The journal itself is actually the paramount \"good\" the society produces.3 The comparison of the New Yorker to e.g. the Society for the Promotion of Roman Studies is a category error.", "\n\nHowever, and to extend my objection further, I do think that article refereeing – this is the \"peer review\" process which is what makes academic journals, actually academic journals – does necessarily need to be \"unpaid\" labour. ", "I am not convinced that putting any sort of economic motivation in the peer review process is anything like an excellent idea. ", "The point is that you are supposed to be paid for your time by your employing institution. ", "The problem is therefore, the academic employment market, in this regard.", "\n\nAnother objection I take is to the characterisation of the \"conference\" market. ", "The simple fact of the matter is the author thinks an academic conference presentation is a \"TED-worthy\" talk. ", "If I went to an academic Classics conference and got a TED talk I'd be incensed. ", "I don't want a popularised dumbing down for a generalised audience who each paid many thousands of dollars to attend. ", "I want to see the cutting edge of research in my academic field.4 And a $300 registration fee? ", "What sort of conferences is this person attending? ", "Again I think the case is they are assuming their own field's experience is extended to every other field and generalising their own feelings about that to the \"academic\" area in general. ", "The range for conference fees I find is more typically $100 to $200 but I will concede it does vary somewhat,5 so it might be up at $300 for some conferences. ", "Anyway every single one of these conferences take a lot of hard work by volunteer labour (I know as I was just involved in organising one) and they are rarely run \"for profit\".", "\n\nIn short, I think this becomes part of a generalised grumbling about academic publishing, which is surely full of various inequities. ", "But it's damned if you do, and damned if you don't. ", "The real inequity in academic publishing is the exorbitant fees charged to access knowledge in the form of academic articles. ", "But the solutions to that problem only make the specific complaints of the post even worse than they are now. ", "The specific complaints in the post are about the academic job market, and the value of academic labour and how it is compensated (for it is labour). ", "But I can't see how paying authors for academic articles or paying for people to peer-review those articles, is going to be solve either of these issues, when I think they will make it much worse. ", "This is on top of what is already happening in academic publishing, in order to solve one group of problems, will likely make existing successful and currently viable publishing models (by Societies) far worse than they are now. ", "But instead of working to a solution to address those set of new problems, what happens is then a lot of non-specialists misinterpret the undifferentiated pile of complaints as \"academic publishing is shit\" and all you've achieved is denigrating all of us in everyone else's eyes without ever having a specific set of addressable issues that can be overcome in specific ways. ", "So the entire beautiful project of knowledge accumulation which has been underway these last 250 years will just be torn down by a baying mob and replaced with … what exactly?", "\n\nI have to point out the Robin Osbourne's arguments in the linked article really do seem to make him out to be an out of touch harrumphing Oxbridge Classics Don of the first order and therefore do our discipline a great disservice. ", "However, he does make some valid points, and I do agree as you can see with the general thrust of the idea that \"Gold OA\" is a disaster for publishing in many Humanities disciplines. ", "↩\n\nNo-one apart from an academic publisher in Classics wants to publish my highly technical philological/narratological arguments about Livy's representation of Hannibal as basically a divinely-controlled agent of the natural landscape! ", "The audience for my work is optimistically in the hundreds, at most, and the people interested in it, who don't already have a degree in Classics, I would guess would be countable on my fingers. ", "It is highly specialised, and it needs to be highly specialised (it also needs to be finished, lol procrastination with publishing meta-issues on my blog!). ", "↩\n\nThe societies do generally make a lot of money from \"institutional\" subscribers (e.g. libraries) and this money is used to fund other society activities. ", "The societies are going to have to find a new way to fund those activities – what I guess will probably happen is that the membership fees will rise slightly to cover the journal production costs and then the \"cream\" from the institutional subs will have to be made up elsewhere. ", "But societies may also have to scale back their activities if they can't get an economic model to fund them, which would be a terrible harm to come from the Open Access model. ", "↩\n\nAlso I not only want to see the math (to use a Americanism) I would like you lay bare your working, and then ask you questions about it if I don't understand something you've said. ", "↩" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }

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[ "1. ", "Field of the Invention\nThe present invention relates to vibratory angular sensors and more specifically to an anomaly detector for the vibratory angular sensors.", "\n2. ", "Description of the Related Art\nA known vibratory angular rate sensor is provided with a differential amplifier for producing a differential output indicating the difference between the outputs of a pair of sensing elements (or gyro-sensor). ", "A predetermined frequency component is detected from the differential output using a synchronous detector and a low-pass filter. ", "The differential output has a DC offset voltage, which win become abnormal when the bonding wire between the sensor and the differential amplifier is broken, for example. ", "For this reason, an anomaly detector 2, as shown in FIG. ", "1A, has been developed for a vibratory angular rate sensor 1 for detecting when the offset voltage of the differential output goes abnormal. ", "The known anomaly detector 2 is comprised of a low-pass filter 3 for filtering the differential output of the sensor 1. ", "The output of the low-pass filter 3 is compared in a window comparator 4 with an upper threshold voltage VRH and a lower threshold voltage VRL. ", "When the angular rate sensor is operating properly, the low-pass filter output lies between the upper and lower threshold voltages and a high-level output is delivered from the window comparator 4. ", "When the sensor is not operating properly, the low-pass filter output rises above the upper threshold voltage or falls below the lower threshold voltage, and the window comparator 4 produces a low-level, warning signal.", "\nMore specifically, the differential output of the angular rate sensor 1 is represented as:VDIF(t)=Va sin ωdt+Vdc  (1)\nwhere ωd=2πfd and Vdc is the DC offset voltage. ", "The low-pass filter output VLPF is equal to the offset voltage Vdc if the low-pass filter is of a non-inverting type as shown FIG. ", "1A and equal to 2×VREF−Vdc if the low-pass filter is of an inverting type as shown in FIG. ", "1B, where VREF is the reference voltage which is impressed on the inverting input of the operational amplifier and corresponds to the midpoint between the upper and lower threshold voltages VRH and VRL of the window comparator 4. ", "As shown in FIG. ", "2, the window comparator 4 compares the output voltage VDIF(t) of either low-pass filter 3 with the reference voltages VRH and VRL and determines whether the difference VDIF(t)−VREF=ΔVdc is outside the range between VRH and VRL. ", "If this is the case, the sensor is abnormal and the window comparator 4 produces a warning signal.", "\nThe output of the low-pass filter 3 contains a ripple component (with frequency equal to fd), which is desired to be as small as possible. ", "Further, it is necessary that the cutoff frequency (fc) of the low-pass filter 3 is sufficiently lower than the frequency fd of the input differential voltage. ", "For these reasons, low-pass filter 3 must be designed with a large time constant value. ", "However, the use of large time-constant low-pass filter will introduce a timing delay in detecting an abnormal offset voltage. ", "If a gradually varying anomaly occurs, the prior art detector cannot quickly detect the fault due to the introduced timing delay. ", "Further, with such a low-pass filter the time constant value may be large in comparison with the varying rate of a transient abnormal offset voltage. ", "If such a transient anomaly occurs in a period smaller than the time constant of low-pass filter 3, the prior art anomaly detector 2 would fail to detect the anomaly." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds" }

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[ "# MBProgressHUD-JDragon\nMBProgressHUD 封装\n\n![", "badge-pod] ![", "badge-languages] ![", "badge-platforms] ![", "badge-mit]\n\n\n# 使用效果\n![](", "MBProgressHUD-JDragon.gif)\n\n### user pod\n\n```\n\npod 'MBProgressHUD+JDragon'\n\n\n```\n\n##基本使用\n\n```\n\n\n[MBProgressHUD showActivityMessageInWindow:nil];\n\n[MBProgressHUD showActivityMessageInView:nil];\n\n[MBProgressHUD showTipMessageInWindow:@\"在window\"];\n\n[MBProgressHUD showTipMessageInView:@\"在View\"];\n\n[MBProgressHUD showSuccessMessage:@\"加载成功\"];\n\n[MBProgressHUD showWarnMessage:@\"显示警告\"];\n\n[MBProgressHUD showErrorMessage:@\"显示错误\"];\n\n[MBProgressHUD showInfoMessage:@\"显示信息\"];\n\n\n```\n\n\n\n##详细请看demo\n\n\n\n[badge-platforms]: https://img.shields.io/badge/platforms-iOS-lightgrey.svg\n[badge-pod]: https://img.shields.io/cocoapods/v/JDragonHUD.svg?label=version\n[badge-languages]: https://img.shields.io/badge/languages-ObjC-orange.svg\n[badge-mit]: https://img.shields.io/badge/license-MIT-blue.svg\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Github" }

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