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[ "ANALYSIS/OPINION:\n\nThe Turkish southern border with Syria has been a porous sieve for ISIS terrorists to pass undeterred to and from Syria to fight and then return for medical treatment. ", "Russia has accused Turkey of turning a blind eye to oil shipments from ISIS-controlled territory in Syria, which allows the Islamic State to fund its caliphate and terror activities.", "\n\nHowever, in an extreme act of hypocrisy, the Obama administration has demanded Turkey spend whatever is necessary in military deployment of troops to seal the border and prevent terrorists and foreign fighters from transiting the area.", "\n\n“The game has changed. ", "Enough is enough. ", "The border needs to be sealed,” a senior official in President Barack Obama’s administration told The Wall Street Journal, describing the tough message that Washington has sent to the Turkish government. “", "This is an international threat, and it’s coming out of Syria and it’s coming through Turkish territory.”", "\n\nOf course, this is the same Obama administration that has refused to seal the U.S. southern border with Mexico, where it is estimated that thousands of illegal immigrants, most likely infused with terrorist infiltrators, cross into America almost at will. ", "The White House demand that Turkey seal its border with Syria is an admission that controlled borders are vital in fighting terrorism and protecting a nation’s sovereignty. ", "The hypocrisy is stunning, especially in the wake of the recent argument over admitting Syrian refugees. ", "If there is an ISIS attack on the homeland, these words may come back to haunt the administration.", "\n\nSign up for Daily Opinion Newsletter Manage Newsletters\n\nCopyright © 2020 The Washington Times, LLC. ", "Click here for reprint permission." ]

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[ "India plans to be a global aviation hub and one of top three aviation markets worldwide by 2020 as the passenger traffic at airports here is expected to increase to 450 million by then from 159.3 million in 2012-2013, a senior Aviation ministry official said on Tuesday.", "\n\n“The aviation sector is likely to see investments totalling USD 12.1 billion during 12th Five Year Plan, out of which USD 9.3 billion is expected to come from the private sector.200 low-cost airports are planned to be built in the next 20 years to connect tier-II and tire-III cities.", "\n\n“USD 1.3 billion is planned to be spent on non-metro projects during 2013-17, mainly focusing on the modernisation and upgradation of airports,” Anil Srivastava, Joint Secretary Ministry of Civil Aviation, said in a statement." ]

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[ "Shamli district\n\nShamli is a district in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. ", "This district was carved out from Muzaffarnagar District on 28 September 2011 as Prabudh Nagar and renamed Shamli in July 2012. ", "Shamli is the headquarters of the district. ", "Shamli is located along the Delhi–Saharanpur (National Highway-709B), Meerut-Karnal (National Highway-709A) and Panipat-Khatima (National Highway-709AD) Highways. ", "\n\nShamli district comes in National Capital Region of India.", "\n\nFormation\nThe district was carved out of Muzaffarnagar district in September 2011 and named Prabudh Nagar. ", "Shamli and Kairana tehsils of Muzaffarnagar formed the new district. ", "It was renamed Shamli in July 2012 by the Uttar Pradesh government.", "\n\nGeography\nShamli City lies at the intersection of NH 709A, NH 709B and NH 709AD and is within the National Capital Region.", "\n\nIt is from Delhi, from Meerut, from Muzaffarnagar, from Karnal, from Panipat and from Saharanpur.", "\n\nEconomy\nShamli city has an agriculture and industry based economy where sugarcane is the main crop. ", "There are 3 major sugar mills located at Shamli, Oon and Thanabhawan. ", "Shamli is known worldwide for its Rim-Axle industry which also got selected under Uttar Pradesh Governments One District One Product Scheme.", "\n\n2013 Riots\nAs in many other districts of western Uttar Pradesh, Shamli also suffered rioting during the 2013 Muzaffarnagar riots. ", "A May 2015 report in India Today said that Shamli and Muzaffarnagar districts were \"considered sensitive\" ever since the violent riots of August and September 2013.", "\n\nAdministration\n\nLegislative constituencies\nThere are three Uttar Pradesh Vidhan Sabha constituencies in Shamli district: Shamli, kairana, and Thanabhawan. ", "All of these are part of Kairana Lok Sabha constituency. ", "The current MLA for Shamli is Tejendra Nirwal, Cabinet Minister from MLA seat for Thanabhawan is Mr Suresh Rana and the Lok Sabha MP is Pradeep Choudhary.", "\n\nTehsils and blocks\nShamli district is divided into 3 tehsils: Shamli, Kairana, and Oon.", "\n\nTehsils\nShamli\nKairana\nOon\n\nBlocks\nShamli\nKairana\nThanabhawan\nKandhla\nOon\n\nReferences\n\nCategory:Districts of Uttar Pradesh\n \nCategory:Districts of India\n\n6. ", "^" ]

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[ "Today on In Case You Missed It: There's no doubt you'll be well-acquainted with everything that happened with LinkedIn, Apple and XBox, so today's show will look just a little different. ", "I focused the show on just one story to get a little more into the details on a study out of Europe that tracked how trees relax their branches at nighttime.", "\n\nWe also threw in the video of the first child-sized exoskeleton suit, just because. ", "As always, please share any great tech or science videos you find by using the #ICYMI hashtag on Twitter for @mskerryd." ]

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[ "Q:\n\nHow to create pagination with JQuery?", "\n\nThere is a html table which data are from a MySql database , got by using PHP. ", "If there are many rows returned from the database then I want to show only 10 rows in the table and at the bottom of it there are numbers indicating a page-like indicator ( like when we google ). ", "So how to achieve this pagination with JQuery ?", "\n\nA:\n\nYou don't want to do the pagination in jQuery, since pagination's objective is to prevent fetching data you don't need. ", "There's plenty of answers in Google, but the way I've done it in the client side is using datatables. ", "\nAs for the server side pagination, PHP would get the number of items to fetch and the index of the starting item as parameters, then you would query the database with something like:\nSELECT * FROM tablename LIMIT startingIndex, itemsToFetch;\n\n" ]

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[ "Steven Spielberg & Tom Hanks Accused of Pedophilia\n\nMajor Hollywood elites names in video exposé by actor\n\n© press Tom Hanks and Steven Spielberg have both been accused of pedophilia\n\nHollywood elites Steven Spielberg and Tom Hanks have both been accused of pedophilia by actor Isaac Kappy during a bombshell video exposé.", "\n\nTaking to Periscope, Kappy accuses Spielberg and Hanks, along with other influential figures, of sexual crimes against children, cannibalism, and other \"sickening\" rituals involving minors.", "\n\nDuring his 48-minute video statement, Kappy describes the culture of child sex abuse as \"the Hollywood sickness,\" saying:\n\n\"At the top level, these people are just sick and psycho.", "\n\n\"This is what’s sad about this.", "\n\n\"A lot of people are born into it.”", "\n\nIsaac Kappy, who starred in blockbuster movies Terminator Salvation and Thor, streamed the live video confession over Periscope (Twitter's version of Facebook Live) in which he named and shamed several A-list stars and movie industry big-wigs.", "\n\nThe video has since appeared on YouTube where it's now starting to go viral.", "\n\nSCROLL DOWN FOR VIDEO\n\nUnloading the weight of the information, Kappy blew the whistle on the live streaming platform, skipping from celebrity to celebrity, and dropping A-list names including Michael Jackson, Tom Hanks, and Steven Spielberg.", "\n\nAccording to industry insider Kappy, when the truth gets out, they will all be remembered by future generations as notorious child abusers on par with Jimmy Savile, the notorious British child killer with ties to the Royal Family.", "\n\n© press Isaac Kappy has blow the whistle on A-list Hollywood elites\n\nThese bombshell claims by Kappy have emerged just one week after Sarah Ruth Ashcraft took to Twitter accusing Tom Hanks of raping her when she was just 13-years-old.", "\n\nAccording to Ashcraft, she was sold to Hanks by her father for sex.", "\n\nHollywood #Pedovores\n\nKappy made a series of revelations during his live video, also accusing major Hollywood figures of \"cannibalism.\"", "\n\nKappy also claimed to have information that members of the powerful Rothschild banking dynasty also partake in rituals that involve eating human flesh.", "\n\nAccusations of pedophilia and cannibalism have also been made towards high-level players in the mainstream news media.", "\n\nAccording to Kappy, Mark Thompson, \"who runs the New York Times,\" and \"ran the BBC for years\" is also involved in these disturbing practices and is complicit in covering up the crimes of elite child abusers in the entertainment industry.", "\n\nGrowing up in Los Angeles, Kappy says he first became aware of Hollywood's underbelly when he realized he was \"in the middle of some crazy f*cking shit\" as a pre-teen.", "\n\nSuggesting that he was abused himself by Spielberg as a child, but without spelling out the claim, Kappy says:\n\n“The situation had to punch me in the face before I realized I was in the middle of some crazy f*cking shit.”", "\n\nKappy also challenged Spielberg to sue him.", "\n\n“Let’s do discovery,” Kappy said, in a direct challenge to the veteran director, claiming he knows so many of Spielberg’s secrets, that he would destroy the movie mogul in court during the discovery phase.", "\n\n© press Sarah Ruth Ashcraft recently accused Tom Hanks of raping her as a child\n\nCrispin Glover essay\n\nThis isn't the first time allegations of pedophilia have been made towards Spielberg either.", "\n\nIn a 2003 essay, Crispin Glover, who played Marty McFly’s father, George McFly in the hit movie \"Back to the Future,\" seemingly accused Spielberg of pedophilia.", "\n\nAn excerpt:\n\n\"Does Steven Spielberg focus much of his fantasy life on young people?", "\n\n\"Did he portray children wallowing in sewers filled with fecal matter in Schindler’s List?", "\n\n\"Did he use children to finger paint an adult in Hook?", "\n\n\"Does he collect the illustrations of Norman Rockwell, such as the one showing a young boy in his underwear examined by a doctor?", "\n\nDo Michael Jackson and Steven Spielberg share similar opinions about the sexuality of young boys?”", "\n\nHollywood's culture of cover-ups\n\nSteven Spielberg is one of the most popular directors and producers in Hollywood history and considered a founding pioneer of the New Hollywood era.", "\n\nIf proven, allegations of pedophilia against him would be explosive and cause the Weinstein scandal to look like small potatoes in comparison.", "\n\nWhether or not the allegations contained in Isaac Kappy’s 48-minute live stream are verifiable or not, one thing is for sure:" ]

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[ "Transmyocardial laser Revascularization\n\nIt has been right around 10 years since trans myocardial laser revascularization (TMR) was endorsed for clinical use in the United States. ", "The wellbeing of TMR was exhibited at first with nonrandomized contemplates in which TMR was utilized as the main treatment for patients with extreme angina. ", "TMR adequacy was demonstrated after numerous randomized controlled trials. ", "These uncovered huge angina help contrasted with most extreme restorative treatment in patients with diffuse coronary sickness not agreeable to customary revascularization. ", "In light of these outcomes, TMR has been utilized as an extra to coronary supply route sidestep uniting (CABG). ", "By definition, patients treated with this joined treatment have more serious coronary illness and comorbidities that are related with end-organize atherosclerosis.", "\n\nMail us at\n\nRecommended for you\n\nContact\n\nName\n\nEmail\n\nPhone\n\nMessage\n\nCaptcha\n\nOur Social Presence\n\nAuthorization Policy\n\nBy registering for the conference you grant permission to pulsus Group to photograph, film or record and use your name, likeness, image, voice and comments and to publish, reproduce, exhibit, distribute, broadcast, edit and/or digitize the resulting images and materials in publications, advertising materials, or in any other form worldwide without compensation. ", "Taking of photographs and/or videotaping during any session is prohibited. ", "Contact us for any queries." ]

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[ "Duncan Town Airport\n\nDuncan Town Airport is an airport located near Duncan Town, on Ragged Island in The Bahamas.", "\n\nFacilities\nThe airport resides at an elevation of above mean sea level. ", "It has one runway designated 13/31 with an asphalt surface measuring .", "\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n \n\nCategory:Airports in the Bahamas" ]

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[ "I see your cat photos and I have a recipe for every one of them\n\n189,644 shares" ]

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[ "RETRACTION\n==========\n\nThe Publisher and Editor have retracted this article \\[[@R1]\\] in accordance with good ethical practices. ", "After a thorough investigations we believe that the peer review process was compromised. ", "131--141 The article was published on-line on 31-12-2014.", "\n" ]

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[ "Portland Dentist for Excellent Dental Care\n\nRedefining the Traditional Dental Experience\n\nThis isn’t your traditional dental office! ", "You’ll be warmly welcomed into a spa-like atmosphere filled with people and amenities that will give you the most relaxing and stress-free dental experience possible. ", "You’ll be amazed at how easy and comfortable going to the dentist can actually be!", "\n\nGreat Dentistry & Exceptional Service\n\nWhen Dr. Megan McInnis decided to start her own dental practice, she wanted to do things differently. ", "Comprehensive, high-quality preventive, restorative, and cosmetic dentistry would be the bedrock, but on top of that, she decided to include a level of service and comfort only seen at the world’s most exclusive spas. ", "Every time you come to see us, you and your teeth will be treated with the utmost respect and skill. ", "When you walk out, you’ll be completely relaxed, happy, and eager to show off your beautiful smile.", "\n\nDental Checkups & Cleanings Enjoy a Healthy, Confident Smile\n\nAt RiverPlace Dental, we’re focused on giving you a problem-free smile that lasts a lifetime, not simply fixing dental issues as they pop up. ", "This focus on prevention, which includes refreshing checkups, cleanings, and more, will safeguard your smile for years to come. ", "Plus, this approach will help you save untold hours and dollars in the dental chair addressing avoidable problems. ", "With us, the next time you laugh, speak, or smile, the absolute last thing on your mind will be your teeth.", "\n\nDental Crowns & Bridges Replace Missing Teeth\n\nIf you’re currently dealing with chipped, cracked, decayed, or missing teeth, you no longer have to. ", "With our revitalizing restorative treatments such as crowns and bridges, we can rebuild your smile’s function and appearance with just one procedure. ", "Thanks to our years of training and commitment to only using the highest-quality materials, we’ll repair your smile in such a way that only you and your dentist will know that you’ve had work done!", "\n\nTooth-Colored Fillings Repair Your Smile\n\nOur practice chooses to use cosmetically-focused tooth-colored fillings whenever we can to repair small cavities and slightly damaged teeth in the most conservative way possible. ", "These fillings can be custom-shaded to blend in seamlessly with your natural teeth, and the material even allows us to preserve more of your dental structure. ", "In the end, you get a restoration that looks great, won’t create sensitivity, and is designed to stand the test of time.", "\n\nBrilliant Teeth Whitening Whiten Up to 8 Shades!", "\n\nEverything from coffee, wine, tobacco, to aging and genetics can affect the color of your smile, causing it to stain and darken over time. ", "People associate youth, vitality, and health with a pristinely white smile, so if your teeth need a little help, we can provide it with our professional whitening treatment. ", "We’ll send you home with a custom-made kit designed by us, and before you know it, you’ll be seeing a dramatically whiter smile in the mirror.", "\n\nModern Dental Implants Rebuild a Functional Smile\n\nEveryday activities like speaking, eating, and even smiling can become a source of anxiety and discomfort when you have missing teeth. ", "Rather than giving you a temporary solution, we can permanently rebuild your smile using dental implants. ", "This treatment will literally restore your teeth from the root up, delivering the longest-lasting and most natural-looking results possible. ", "If you’re ready to say “goodbye” to the gaps in your smile, they can help you do it!", "\n\nPortland's Emergency Dentist Get Out of Pain... Quick!", "\n\nHave your teeth been damaged in an accident? ", "Is a severe toothache preventing you from sleeping at night? ", "When you need dental care FAST, you can rely on RiverPlace Dental to provide the immediate relief you need. ", "We’re able to handle a wide variety of dental emergencies, and when you call in with one, we’ll do everything we can to see you as soon as possible. ", "When you need us the most, we’ll always be there.", "\n\nDental Insurance and CareCredit Financing\n\nWe are dedicated to keeping high-quality dental care affordable for everyone, so if you have dental insurance, we will gladly accept it and do everything we can to maximize your benefits. ", "We can even help you get hassle-free financing to break up your out-of-pocket costs into smaller monthly payments.", "\n\nLimited-Time Offers Save on Your Next Dental Visit\n\nWant to instantly save on your dental care simply by coming to see us? ", "You can by redeeming our limited-time special offers. ", "Click below to learn about all the ways we can enhance your smile and help you save at the same time!" ]

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[ "Friday, July 24, 2009\n\nPicking colors for the basement was a bit of a challenge. ", "There is a lot of wall space down there so we didn't want too much color. ", "We also have a mini shrine where we pray and that space is blue so we needed a color to go with blue. ", "I immediately thought of orange since it's the complementary color of blue. ", "But wait... we didn't want too much color. ", "Or did we? ", "After all, we love color. ", "We're artistic kind of people. ", "3 years with white walls were torture enough. ", "Orange would be bold, but it would be warm and inviting. ", "It would look great with cream colored trim. ", "Yes, orange would be quite lovely. ", "So, I threw the idea to Mike and he actually agreed. ", "What about the other end of the basement? ", "Well, we just can't seem to get away from green. ", "It's been Mike's long time favorite color and I'm all for earth colors. ", "our kitchen is green and I've never regretted it. ", "So, orange and green it is. ", "With cream colored trim. ;)", "\n\nMy mom works at a community center in my home town that provides preschool and fun after school classes. ", "During the summer they have a variety of weekly summer camps and so my mom signed up Little Miss Chatterbox and Mr. Funny for a week of camp. ", "The kids LOVED it! ", "They were so excited every morning and talked about it all through breakfast, asking every minute if it was time to go yet. ", "At the end of the day they were wiped out but still eagerly looking forward to the next day. ", "And I got to spend time alone with Mr. Tickles! ", "I am so thankful for everything my parents did to accomodate us for the week. ", "It's no easy task to have my three wee ones in a house with two 1 year old dogs. ", "But we all survived and had a great time.", "\n\nI feel so blessed to be able to share with my children cousins of their age. ", "When I was growing up, I had a younger girl cousin who I was very close with and I am so grateful that she lived close by and that we were able to see each other often and have fun together. ", "I truly believe there is no greater gift than family. ", "Of course, good neighbors come close. ;) ", "Which is why I'm also grateful for the 2- weeks-younger-than-me girl who lived right next door to me for my entire life (well, minus my first 2 years) and became my best friend and is still my best friend to this day, 23 years later. ", "And guess what? ", "Now she's family. ", "Because I married her brother. ", "See why I think so fondly of good neighbors?Anyway, I'm talking about Doph. (", "I still need to write the post about her name!) ", "For some reason we always had the idea that your firstborn would be a boy. ", "I don't know where this idea came from but we definitely, without a doubt, figured we would always have boys first. ", "So, when her first baby was born we were SO excited when we found out that the baby was a girl. ", "A few months later I became pregnant with my first and we still assumed that it would be a boy (Because it must have been some starnge fluke that Doph's first was a girl). ", "But then I had a sonogram (I don't wait until the birth to find out the sex like Doph does) and found out that I too was having a girl. ", "Hooray! ", "Only 11 months apart, and they are two peas in a pod just like me and Doph. ", "It's so funny to see the night and day pair. ", "Mini Me and Mini Doph. ", "It's wonderful. ", "Then Doph had a boy and exactly a year and 8 days later I had a boy. ", "And 6 months later Doph had another boy. ", "Those three are so cute together! ", "The three muskateers with their blond hair blowing in the wind and the sun reflecting off their beautiful blue eyes. ", "My boy looks like he could be their brother. ", "They all get along so great together. ", "Then I got pregnant with #3 and soon after, found out that Doph was pregnant too!", "\n\nWe hoped for girls again, (especially Doph since she had 1 girl & 2 boys and this was most likely her last pregnancy because of her high risk and the dangers involved) but alas, we both had boys. ", "Two beautiful, wonderful baby boys, exactly two weeks apart- just like me and Doph. ", "These 7 kids are just as close as they can be and it's such a joy to watch them together. ", "God is good.", "\n\nFriday, July 17, 2009\n\nShortly after the flood, I signed Little miss Chatterbox up for Irish Step Dance lessons. ", "I was surprised to watch her during class and see her staring out the window, yawning, twirling her finger around her hair, not paying attention when the teacher was talking, etc. ", "When I asked her if she liked class she said, \"Not really.\" ", "I asked her why and she couldn't give me an answer. ", "Just a shrug of the shoulders. ", "I guess it was too slow for her. ", "Oh, well. ", "I made her stick with it until the classes were over and at least she looked really cute. ", "I definitely need to get her into those swimming lessons.", "\n\nI can't believe it's been over a month since the last time I wrote a blog. ", "Well, I don't think my faithful readers missed me too much. ", "Oh, wait. ", "I don't have any faithful readers! ", "Hahaha. ", "That is why I can get away with something like that. ", "Okay, so I last left off with our terrible flood which has turned out to be a HUGE job. ", "That is what I've been so occupied with. ", "Any extra minute I have, I have put into fixing the basement. ", "After soaking up all the water and removing the carpet and padding, we thought all was good. ", "Until about a week later when I realized the walls were crawling with mold. ", "So, the bottom of the walls were cut out and I have been mudding, painting, mudding and painting some more ever since. ", "Mike (because of his embarrassment, I mean, humility, my husband has asked that I stop calling him Rock) put down new floors and is half way finished. ", "It's slowly started to feel like home again. ", "I haven't been able to do any of my summer school plans with the kids either. ", "Maybe soon? ", "But summer will be over before I know it. ", "I hope that after all this basement work is done, we will still have time and funds for a vacation. ", "Even if it's a short one! ", "I want to try and catch the blog up on what's been goin' on around here, but we'll see if time allows for that. ", "Still have half the basement and the classroom to complete. ", "Not to mention the classroom bathroom. ", "here are some pictures of the damage. ", "Hope to have new pictures up soon!TV/Library Area (this is the area that is now painted and has new flooring!)", "\n\nClassroom\n\nOne part of the other side of basement (This is where I'd like to put the computer but Mike will need to add a phone line and electrical plugs over there. ", "This should be no problem since he is an electrician)\n\nWater damage to the bookshelf Mike made (No worries. ", "He'll just cover it up with trim)" ]

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[ "You're My Destiny (2017 TV series)\n\nYou're My Destiny () is a 2017 Thai romantic comedy television series starring Sukrit Wisetkaew\nand . ", "It is produced by GMM Grammy and aired on from September 4 to November 27, 2017. ", "The series is based on the 2008 Taiwanese drama Fated to Love You.", "\n\nCast\n Sukrit Wisetkaew as Pawüt Krisheepanine\n as Wanida \"Nid\" Carreon-Krisheepanine\n as Kaekai\n as Phatchani Charon-Krisheepanine (Pawut's grandmother) \n Porapat Srikajorn as Thaya\n Suchao Pongwilai as Bacủa Krisheepanine\n Tee Doksadao as Sano Carreon\n Mayurin Pongpudpunth as Darika Charon\n Punpop Sitang as Amphai\n Sirin Kohkiat as Chun \n Kitkasem Mcfadden as Tanawat\n\nRatings\n\nInternational broadcast\n In the Philippines, the series aired on June 4, 2018, at GMA Network's as part of The Heart of Asia's 15th anniversary offering. ", "The first ever Thai or Lakorn series as they call it in Thailand, to air on Philippine television. ", "The series re-aired on GMA News TV on December 24, 2018.", "\n\nSee also\n Fated to Love You (2008 TV series)\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n You're My Destiny : siamzone.com\n\nCategory:Thai romantic comedy television series\nCategory:Thai television soap operas\nCategory:2017 Thai television series debuts\nCategory:2017 Thai television series endings\nCategory:One31 television programmes" ]

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[ "Easy Travel Advice For A Great Experience\n\nDon’t use public computers for anything that requires your password while you are on vacation. ", "There may be malware that takes your information as you type the keys on the computer.", "\n\nTIP! ", "If you sit in an aisle seat, you’ll have more options. ", "Aside from the view, window seats don’t have many benefits.", "\n\nMake your travel arrangements in advance. ", "Despite the many, many different things you can spend money on when you travel, the cheaper they are. ", "You can avoid excessive expenditures during travel by avoiding last minute costs.", "\n\nWhen traveling through smaller airports, look into all the different airlines that have flights.", "\n\nMake sure you have clothespins with you on your next vacation. ", "While you may not usually think of packing clothespins, clothespins can come in very handy.", "\n\nTIP! ", "Purchasing tickets online and printing them at home can be a real time saver, so look into this option if you are planning on seeing a specific attraction or amusement park. ", "This sometimes costs a small amount extra, but the time saved waiting in a line makes up for it.", "\n\nKeep track of your most important information and items close to you at all times. ", "Do not use bags with easy access to any of the pockets.", "These are all points to be considered when selecting the bag for your travels.", "\n\nYou could be covered if a flight that was charged on your credit card. ", "You should do your research a bit before leaving.", "\n\nA motorcycle is a person has a license for such a vehicle.", "It can be a lot of fun to travel by motorcycle.", "\n\nTIP! ", "If you are driving of flying with a toddler, be sure to bring along “busy” toys for him. ", "Bring toys and games that you know the child really enjoys.", "\n\nFind out as soon as possible whether you require a visa to get into the country you need to go to. ", "Sometimes the wheels of bureaucracy turn slowly, so it is always a good idea to begin the process of applying for one as soon as you can.", "\n\nResearch currency rates before you travel so you can easily budget your departure since this will make it easier to budget. ", "You must know your dollar’s value so you can start planning what you’re going to be able to spend and even save money. ", "This trick will allow you to have fun without overspending.", "\n\nJet lag is a common complaint for travelers who cross time zones. ", "You can’t avoid it completely, but extra sleep on the days before you travel can minimize the effects. ", "You should also try to sleep during the flight.", "\n\nTIP! ", "Keep the business card from your hotel or something else with their information on it with you at all times. ", "When out and about in a foreign locale, you may get lost, and having this sort of identification will help others point you in the right direction.", "\n\nIf you are taking a cruise, it’s fun making new friends while sailing. ", "Many times you will get put at a large table with people you have never met before. ", "Have a good time and speak with different people. ", "You’ll be seeing them every day, and you might learn something about the ship when you do.", "\n\nPlan for stops ahead of time when traveling by car. ", "You will find that service areas are few and far between, isolated stretch of highway. ", "Plan your route and while doing so look for viable service stations that can handle maintenance on your car if need be. ", "Keep their phone numbers on you need to use them.", "\n\nBring a spare passport picture with you. ", "It can take a while to get your passport if it is lost. ", "You can speed things by having an extra passport photo available. ", "You should also have copies of documentation.", "\n\nTIP! ", "The markup on these small products is ridiculous. ", "Try to fold your clothes more efficiently with methods such as bundle packing.", "\n\nIf your travel plans get mixed up, it can be frustrating. ", "You may not get the rental car you want or your flight may be delayed. ", "The discussion is between you and the agent in charge.", "At the beginning, you’ll care about solving this, but it is simple for one party to lose control. ", "Try to be polite and calm.", "You won’t be as stressed out and will get more accomplished this way.", "\n\nWith your new knowledge in mind, you ought to be prepared to travel just about anywhere. ", "Learning how to be a savvy traveler is essential to having a terrific experience. ", "Preparation and research give you a leg up on having an awesome trip." ]

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[ "Kerry Freedman\n\nKerry Freedman is Professor of Art and Design Education at Northern Illinois University and Coordinator of Doctoral Programs in the College of Visual and Performing Arts. ", "Freedman is also a past Head of the Art + Design Education Division.", "  Professor Freedman's research focuses on questions concerning the relationship of curriculum to art, culture, and technology.", "  Recently, she has particularly focused on inquiries into student engagement with visual culture, creativity, and community. ", "Kerry Freedman has provided significant leadership to the field through her various service roles and publications. ", "Freedman's service roles include, but are not limited to: Senior Editor of Studies in Art Education, the research journal of the National Art Education Association, and World Councilor of the International Society for Education through Art, a UNESCO affiliate. ", "She is also currently co-Chair of the Art Education Research Institute. ", "Freedman is an active researcher with over 100 published articles and book chapters and her work has been translated into multiple languages. ", "The art education paradigm shift to VCAE (Visual Culture Art Education) has been largely impacted by the work of Kerry Freedman. ", "Freedman's book, Teaching Visual Culture, provided guidance on the transition from the traditional DBAE approach to Visual Culture where popular culture and fine art is seen as socially constructed and to have meaningful expression. ", "Recently, Kerry Freedman was an editor for the curriculum volume of The International Encyclopedia of Art & Design Education, the first art and design education encyclopedia to be published.", "\n\nEducation \nKerry Freedman obtained her Bachelor of Fine Arts and master's degrees in Art Education from the University of Illinois, Champaign-Urbana. ", "Later, Kerry Freedman obtained a Doctoral degree in Curriculum and Instruction-Art Education with minors in Art (Computer Graphics), and Psychology.", "\n\nCareer \nFreedman started her higher education career as a professor at the University of Minnesota from 1985-2000 (15 years). ", "Currently, she is a professor of Art and Design Education at Northern Illinois University. ", "While at Northern Illinois University, Kerry Freedman was selected as the 2006 Higher Art Educator of the Year by the National Art Education Association (NAEA) and later received the 2014 Higher Art Educator of the Year by the Illinois Art Education Association (IAEA). ", "She has also received the Leon Jackman Award (the Australian national award for distinguished research in art education), and was elected as a Distinguished Fellow of the National Art Education Association in 2000.", "\n\nThroughout Freedman's career, she has looked into the social aspects of art education and encouraged cultural understanding through her teaching, research, and writing. ", "Her research from 2016–present has been focused on visual culture and curriculum in postmodern education. ", "Freedman has worked in over twenty-five countries and has done over one hundred and fifty national and international presentations. ", "She has also supported the arts through multiple PBS publications that emphasized the importance of art in child development, self-expression, and developing connections.", "\n\nRecent Examples of Publications \nDr. Freedman has published over 100 articles and book chapters and her work has been translated into multiple languages. ", "She has done over 200 national and international presentations and has been a Visiting Professor and Fulbright Scholar at several overseas universities.", "\n\nBooks \nThe International Encyclopedia of Art & Design Education\n\n by John Baldacchino (Editor), Kerry Freedman (Editor), Emese Hall (Editor), and Nigel Meager (Editor)\n\nTeaching Visual Culture: Curriculum, Aesthetics, and the Social Life of Art\n\n by Kerry Freedman (Author)\n\nLooking Back: Fifty Years of Studies in Art Education\n\n by Kerry Freedman (Editor)\n\nCurriculum, Culture and Art Education: Comparative Perspective (Suny Series, Innovations in Curriculum)\n\n by Kerry Freedman (Editor), Fernando Hernandez (Series Editor)\n\nPostmodern Art Education: An Approach to Curriculum\n\n by Patricia Stuhr (Author), A. Efland (Editor), Stuhr (Editor), Kerry Freedman (Editor)\n\nBook Chapters \nVisual culture and visual literacy. ", "The International Encyclopedia of Art and Design Education, Vol. ", "2 of 3 (Curriculum).", "\n\n by Kerry Freedman\n\nSocial justice in art education: An example from Africa's last colony. ", "The International Encyclopedia of Art and Design Education, Vol. ", "2 of 3 (Curriculum).", "\n\n by Perez-Martin, F., & Freedman, K.\n\nViewing comics as education through art. ", "In D. Seelow (Ed.), ", "Leaping tall buildings with comics: Pedagogy and practice.", "\n\n by Kerry Freedman\n\nInterculturalism now: How visual culture has changed formal and informal learning. ", "In P. Burnard, E. Mackinlay, & K. Powell (Eds.) ", "The international handbook of intercultural arts research.", "\n\n by Kerry Freedman\n\nBecoming a student of art: How institutional change can support contemporary practice. ", "In K. Hatton (Ed.), ", "Towards an inclusive arts education.", "\n\n by Kerry Freedman\n\nLearning as a condition of creativity: The relationship between knowing and making art. ", "In E. Zimmerman & F. Bastos (Eds.), ", "Creativity in art education.", "\n\n by Kerry Freedman\n\nResearch as social action: The research process in art education. ", "In K. Miraglia & C. Smilan (Eds.), ", "Inquiry in action: Paradigms, methodologies and perspectives in art education research.", "\n\n by Kerry Freedman\n\nThe art of gaming: Knowledge construction in visual culture learning communities. ", "In Venkatesh, V., Castro, J. C., Lewis, J. E., & Wallin, J. (Eds.), ", "Educational, behavioral, and psychological considerations in niche online Communities.", "\n\n by Kerry Freedman\n\nSocial perspectives of art education in the US. ", "In Bering, K., Niechoff, R. Pauls, K., & Hölscher, S. (Eds.), ", "Visual learning: Positionen im internationalen Vergleich.", "\n\n by Kerry Freedman\n\nAssessment of visual knowledge and communication in art education. ", " In A. Karpati & E. Gaul (Eds.), ", "From child art to visual culture of youth. ", "\n\n by Kerry Freedman\n\nAn aesthetic of horror in education: Schools as dystopian environments. ", "In J. Heybach & E. Sheffield (Eds.), ", "Dystopia and education.", "\n\n by Kerry Freedman\n\nArticles \nThe story of Vizcult: How a grassroots idea influenced art education.", "\n\n by Hicks, L. & Freedman, K.\n\nCollaboration in visual culture learning communities: Towards a synergy of individual and collective creative practice,\n\n by Karpati, A., Freedman, K., Kallio-Tavin, M. Heijnen, E. & Castro, J. C.\n\nCultural literacies approach.", "\n\n by Kerry Freedman\n\nVisual culture learning communities: How and what students come to know in informal art groups.", "\n\n by Freedman, K., Heijnen, E., Kallio-Tavin, M., Karpati, A., & Papp, L.\n\nLeadership in art education: Taking action in schools and communities.", "\n\n by Kerry Freedman\n\nRethinking creativity: A definition to support contemporary practice.", "\n\n by Kerry Freedman\n\nArt making/trouble making: Creativity, policy, and leadership in art education.", "\n\n by Kerry Freedman\n\nReferences \n\nCategory:Living people\nCategory:University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign alumni\nCategory:University of Wisconsin–Madison alumni\nCategory:Date of birth missing (living people)\nCategory:Northern Illinois University faculty\nCategory:Year of birth missing (living people)" ]

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[ "Buried in the 189 pages of heavily redacted FBI witness interviews from the Hillary Clinton email investigation are details of yet another mystery -- about two missing “bankers boxes” filled with the former secretary of state’s emails.", "\n\nThe interviews released earlier this month, known as 302s, also reveal the serious allegation that senior State Department official Patrick Kennedy applied pressure to subordinates to change the classified email codes so they would be shielded from Congress and the public.", "\n\nThe details about the boxes are contained in five pages of the FBI file – with a staggering 111 redactions – that summarize the statements of a State Department witness who worked in the “Office of Information Programs and Services (IPS).\" ", "The employee told the FBI that, “Initially, IPS officials were told there were 14 bankers boxes of former Secretary of State Hillary CLINTON’s emails at CLINTON’s Friendship Heights office.” ", "Friendship Heights is a neighborhood that straddles the Northwest neighborhood of the District of Columbia and Maryland.", "\n\nThe State Department witness further explained to the FBI that “on or about December 5, 2014, IPS personnel picked up only 12 bankers boxes of CLINTON’s emails from Williams & Connolly.”", "\n\nThe officials were not sure if the boxes “were consolidated or what could have happened to the two other boxes. “", "\n\nClinton’s chief lawyer at Williams & Connolly, who leads all Clinton-related legal matters, is David Kendall. ", "He has successfully represented Bill and Hillary Clinton together and separately throughout decades of their legal entanglements since the 1980’s, ranging from the former president’s sex scandals to missing billing records for Hillary Clinton’s work as a partner in The Rose Law Firm on behalf of the failed Madison Guaranty Savings and Loan and Capital Management Services.", "\n\nIn the documents provided by Kendall’s law firm, the witness told the FBI they were “unable to locate any of her emails from January-April 2009.” ", "This timeframe is crucial as it covers the start of Clinton’s term as secretary of state and when she set up a private server for all government business, in turn skirting public records laws.", "\n\nIn the same Aug. 18, 2015, interview, on page 42, the State Department witness also told the FBI there was a deliberate effort to change sensitive Clinton emails bearing the “B(1)” code -- used in the Freedom of Information Act review process to identify classified information -- to the category of “B-5.” ", "That category covers Executive Branch deliberations, “interagency or intra-agency communications including attorney client privileges,” and makes material exempt from public release.", "\n\nOver five pages of the single-spaced summary notes, the witness, whose name is redacted, alleges Clinton’s team which included Undersecretary for Management Patrick Kennedy played classification games to confuse and obfuscate the formal FOIA review process.", "\n\n“(Redacted) believed there was interference with the formal FOIA review process. ", "Specifically, STATE’s Near East Affairs Bureau upgraded several of CLINTON’s emails to a classified level with a B(1) release exemption. (", "Redacted) along with (redacted) attorney, Office of Legal Counsel called STATE's Near East Affairs Bureau and told them they could use a B(5) exemption on an upgraded email to protect it instead of the B(1) exemption.\"", "\n\nIn early May 2015, the witness reported, \"… KENNEDY held a closed-door meeting with (redacted) and (redacted) DOJ's Office of Information Programs where KENNEDY pointedly asked (redacted) to change the FBI's classification determination regarding one of CLINTON's emails, which the FBI considered classified. ", "The email was related to FBI counter-terrorism operations.”", "\n\nThis appears to be one of two emails that kick-started the FBI probe in the summer of 2015. ", "Fox News first identified the two emails containing classified information as well as sensitive law enforcement information sent by Clinton aides Huma Abedin and Jake Sullivan to Clinton’s unsecured server.", "\n\nState Department spokesman John Kirby consistently has stated the majority of the 2,100 Clinton server emails containing classified information were \"retroactively classified\" and not classified at the time they were sent and received. ", "But that explanation is disputed by seasoned intelligence officials. ", "Even the State Department witness cast doubt on the claim in the FBI interview:\n\n\"(Redacted) heard the argument that some of CLINTON'S emails were unclassified back in the 2009-2012 timeframe when they were initiated, but were later classified due to various circumstances. ", "It was very rare for something that was actually unclassified to become classified years after the fact.\"", "\n\nAsked this week about the FBI 302 and the claims Kennedy, one of the department's most senior executives, tampered with the FOIA review process, State Department spokesman Elizabeth Trudeau said they \"strongly refute those claims.\"", "\n\nShe added, \"The department has complete confidence that the … attorneys performed the highest professional and ethical standards, including, with connection, with the review and release of Secretary Clinton's emails.\"", "\n\nKennedy, in his FBI interview on Dec. 21, 2015, “categorically rejected” the allegations of classified code tampering. ", "While the section is partially redacted, it appears the FBI asked Kennedy about the credibility of the accusing witness. ", "He said she “says it like it is” and has “no fear of telling truth to power.”", "\n\nThe conflicting statements indicate either the junior State Department employee or Kennedy misled or lied to federal agents which can be a criminal offense.", "\n\nFox News first reported on the intelligence community’s deep concerns that the process was tampered with, as lawyers with Clinton ties were alleged to be involved at the State Department.", "\n\nFox News was told in August 2015 that Kennedy was running interference on Capitol Hill. ", "Two sources confirmed that Kennedy went to Capitol Hill and argued one of the emails that kick-started the probe did not contain classified material, citing a 2011 Irish Times newspaper report to claim the information was already public.", "\n\nAccording to congressional testimony, at least one of the lawyers in the office where the changes were made is Catherine “Kate” Duval, who was at the IRS during the Lois Lerner email scandal and later handled the release of documents to the Benghazi congressional committee.", "\n\nDuval once worked for the same firm as Kendall and has since left the State Department." ]

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[ "Caps recall John Carlson (updated)\n\nRookie John Carlson, who led the United States to a gold medal in the world junior championships earlier this month, has been recalled from Hershey this afternoon. ", "He's on the ice for warmups and could play tonight against the Leafs.", "\n\nCarlson did not skate this morning at KCI, so it appears he was a late call-up. ", "Brian Pothier did not take the warmup, so Carlson is presumably here to replace him in the lineup.", "\n\nUpdate:Team says Brian Pothier is \"day to day with an injury\". ", "The defenseman recently missed 11 games with broken rib.", "\n\nComments our editors find particularly useful or relevant are displayed in Top Comments, as are comments by users with these badges: . ", "Replies to those posts appear here, as well as posts by staff writers.", "\n\nTo pause and restart automatic updates, click \"Live\" or \"Paused\". ", "If paused, you'll be notified of the number of additional comments that have come in.", "\n\nComments our editors find particularly useful or relevant are displayed in Top Comments, as are comments by users with these badges: . ", "Replies to those posts appear here, as well as posts by staff writers." ]

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[ "Q:\n\nhow to count value from 2 condition (2 column) using PHP function count from 1 table (Mysql)\n\nFrom Database\nID Name Department position\n================================\n1 A MK IT\n2 B MK RD\n3 C MK EN\n4 D BD IT\n5 E BD RD\n6 F BD EN\n7 G BD IT\n8 H OB IT \n9 I MK EN\n\nhow to write the code to display in table as following this\ndisplay something like this in the table\nposition/departmet MK BD OB\n===================================\nIT 1 2 1 \nRD 1 1 0 \nEN 2 1 0\n\ni just confuse.", "\n\nA:\n\nTry it by using CASE,\nSELECT position,\n SUM(CASE WHEN Department = 'MK' THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) MK,\n SUM(CASE WHEN Department = 'BD' THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) BD,\n SUM(CASE WHEN Department = 'OB' THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) OB \nFROM tableName\nGROUP BY position\n\nSQLFiddle Demo\nOr use Prepared Statement if you have unknown number of columns\nSET @sql = NULL;\nSELECT\n GROUP_CONCAT(DISTINCT\n CONCAT(\n 'SUM(case when Department = ''',\n Department,\n ''' then 1 ELSE 0 end) AS ',\n Department\n )\n ) INTO @sql\nFROM tableName;\n\nSET @sql = CONCAT('SELECT position, ', @sql, ' \n FROM tableName \n GROUP BY position');\n\nPREPARE stmt FROM @sql;\nEXECUTE stmt;\nDEALLOCATE PREPARE stmt;\n\nSQLfiddle Demo\n\n" ]

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[ "While Snohomish County weather may not reflect it, spring is here, as evidenced by blossoming cherry trees. ", "Block after block of them, looking like rows of giant cotton candy. ", "Most of the trees that delight us and give neighborhoods character are courtesy of earlier generations, thoughtfully planting for themselves, and the future.", "\n\nThe Everett Garden Club, established in 1938, has had a big hand in beautifying the city known throughout the years, until recently, as “the city of smokestacks.” ", "The club will celebrate its 75th anniversary next year. ", "This will give grateful citizens a chance to celebrate the garden club, as well, with bouquets of thanks.", "\n\nGarden club volunteers were among the first to plant flowers in hanging baskets throughout the city, Herald writer Theresa Goffredo reported Wednesday. ", "They also planted a variety of trees all over town.", "\n\nSandy Schumacher, vice president of publicity for the Evergreen Arboretum and Gardens board, credits the club with helping Everett achieve Tree City USA status.", "\n\nOne of the club’s loveliest legacies is Everett’s arboretum, tucked inside Legion Park and next to the Legion Golf Course in North Everett. ", "The garden club members envisioned a much bigger arboretum in the space that is now the golf course; Everett businessmen envisioned a golf course. ", "There’s no question who was going to win that fight, so the garden club members deserve great credit for persevering and creating a smaller version of their dream anyway.", "\n\n“If there had been no Everett Garden Club, there would be no arboretum,” Schumacher told Goffredo. “", "We are in their debt because people now come from all over the world to see the arboretum. ", "It is a jewel for the city.”", "\n\nApril, which hosts both Arbor Day and Earth Day, provides a perfect time to honor the garden club and its forward-thinking original members, and current members, by planting a tree or other greenery. ", "On Arbor Day, April 11, 5th graders from Whittier Elementary will help Everett Parks and Recreation staff plant a selection of trees. ", "Future generations, sitting under the shade of a tree, or marveling at its beauty, will be grateful for the foresight to continue the legacy, just as we are now.", "\n\nA full list of Arbor Day and Earth Day activities throughout the county can be found on the Snohomish County website. (", "www.snohomish.org/index.php?page_id=646)\n\nAs the spring flowers cheer us, let’s remember the hard work and dedication of civic pioneers who knew the power and importance of planting seeds of beauty to help create real community, and to counter and soften past and current “smokestacks” of industry." ]

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[ "We’re going to talk about a common request when working with relational data in Vuex. ", "Why and how to cache method-style getter invocations, though the principles would also apply to method-style computed properties.", "\n\nIf you have been following recent Vue v3 RFCs, you might have come across the Advanced Reactivity API, which comes as a very welcome direction for Vue to take. ", "This article is written using Vue v2, but ultimately the code will be simplified if this RFC is implemented.", "\n\nFirstly, although both property-style and method-style getters offer caching as part of core Vuex functionality, method-style getter invocations do not cache results. ", "If that doesn’t make much sense, keep reading, it should become clear.", "\n\nWhat is a Method-style Getter?", "\n\nBelow is the example from the Vuex documentation of a method-style getter, sometimes referred to as a parameterized getter.", "\n\ngetTodoById: (state) => (id) => {\n\nreturn state.todos.find(todo => todo.id === id)\n\n}\n\nNormally a getter works by processing state into a given result.", "\n\ntodoCount: (state) => state.todos.length,\n\nThis will mean that store.getters.todoCount might provide the value 12, which will be cached in the event that the value is accessed again without any underlying reactive data changing.", "\n\nisTodoOpen: (state) => (id) =>\n\n!!", "state.todos[id].assignee &&\n\nstate.todos[id].status !", "== 'complete’,\n\nThe above example can be accessed by store.getters.isTodoOpen(123) which will return a boolean. ", "This value is not cached, calling it repeatedly will result in multiple executions.", "\n\nSo what is cached here?", "\n\nNothing from a reactive standpoint. ", "When the getter property is accessed on the store, store.getters.isTodoOpen , just prior to invocation, this will run the outer function which will not access any reactive data, but create a function, an arrow which accepts id. This created function is now cached.", "\n\nWhy aren’t the results of these getters cached?", "\n\nThere are lots of good reasons not to cache the results of these functions. ", "How many times would you expect them to be called? ", "Will the cache grow very big? ", "How should the cache key be calculated? ", "When should the cache be invalidated?", "\n\nThere are a lot of broad questions with no concrete answers, and there is a danger the functionality would be used without proper knowledge of the impact that poor caching could have on performance.", "\n\nUltimately, for anyone who thinks they would benefit from caching these results, it is important you measure the performance of the cache.", "\n\nMaybe there isn’t a one-size-fits-all solution, which is why the mechanics are explained below and if you need something different, you should be able to put it together yourself.", "\n\nOur Use Case\n\nAt Teamwork, we have a suite of products that are based on frequently changing, highly relational data. ", "Our flagship product is a project management tool, and we have a system with a lot of entities, with a lot of data and a lot of relationships.", "\n\nYou might be querying your backend for a denormalized view on your data closely coupled with the current view in the browser.", "\n\nThere are however benefits to treating your Vuex store as an extension of your database, where normalized data is kept. ", "Where each module might match a database table and use of keys is widespread just like in a database, see this article on module structure for an introduction to the concept. ", "In this case, getters can take on the role of the database view. ", "The denormalized, use case specific, query which relies on underlying normalized data.", "\n\nGetters might be used to filter, merge, enrich or map data.", "\n\nWorth calling out at this point, that this means creating new arrays or new objects as getters don’t, and shouldn’t, mutate state.", "\n\nNow that we have clarified that and hopefully not gone off on too much of a tangent, let’s look at some code.", "\n\nMapped Collection render\n\nBelow is a render of 3 tasks, each task is a record in the store which has a getter to 'map' it, the example is contrived but the principal is the same. ", "Each mapped record is passed to a component responsible for rendering it (JSFiddle link).", "\n\nEach component render includes a timestamp and a short time after render, a field on one record is changed.", "\n\nBefore the explanation, keep in mind this example is for illustration and although it could be refactored to remove the flaw, there are real world scenarios that cannot.", "\n\nThe important thing to notice is that when the field on a single record is changed, all 3 record components update! ", "But why?", "\n\nIs it due to some kind of over-reactivity? ", "No, though the behaviour does look that way. ", "What is happening is that …\n\nThe record change triggers the parent component to re-render … … which means that all the getters are called again. ", "Because they are not cached they will re-run and therefore created new objects … … which will not be strictly equal to the previous objects … … therefore trigger each record component to re-render.", "\n\nObviously the cost is negligible in the example, but in the real world, these kinds of inefficiencies don’t go unnoticed.", "\n\nWith some rudimentary caching\n\nLet’s take the above example and add in some simplistic caching.", "\n\nAbove is a new method-style getter which maintains a cache (above the invocation scope), each invocation of the getter will check the cache based on a key and either return the cached value or re-run the original getter. ", "This caching wouldn’t be recommended as it doesn’t leverage reactivity at all, but it will prove the benefit caching can give.", "\n\nBelow is the first snippet with the getter added (link to JSFiddle).", "\n\nNote that the re-render does not trigger all the record components to re-render, just the one that was changed.", "\n\nThe right caching solution\n\nThe above code is far too simplistic, it isn’t reactive and it is missing cleanup code. ", "Here is another solution:\n\nBefore explaining how it works, how should it be used? ", "As follows:\n\nconst { plugin, cache } = methodGetterCacher();\n\n...\n\nplugins: [plugin],\n\n...\n\ngetters: {\n\nmappedTask: cache((state) => (id) => ({\n\nname: state.tasks[id].name.toUpperCase(),\n\n})),\n\n},\n\nWithout the proposed API, using this code requires access to the store, hence the need for a plugin. ", "An ugly nuisance, but it will only be necessary once.", "\n\nThe outer getter function is then passed to the utility and a new cached function is returned, this is a clean interface.", "\n\nLet’s look at the just the wrapping code for a second…\n\n[A] const methodStyleCache = (getVM, getter) => {\n\n...\n\n[B] return (...args) => {\n\n...\n\n[C] const innerMethod = getter.call(null, ...args);\n\n\n\n[D] return (id) => {\n\n...\n\nwatcher = computed(getVM(), () => innerMethod(id));\n\n...\n\nreturn watcher.lazyValue();\n\n};\n\n};\n\n};\n\nWhat is happening here is that we take the input getter function [A] which has an outer and inner function, we create a new outer function [B], we then run the outer function [A] to get the inner function [C], and then create a new inner function [D], which will execute the input function [C]. ", "In a nutshell, we are wrapping both the outer and inner functions.", "\n\nAdvanced API Polyfill\n\nThis solution has a computed function which aims to replicate computed functionality within Vue, which is the foundation for the way getters work within the store. ", "This function in theory would be deprecated by the new API.", "\n\nEssentially this is creating a getter for each inner function ID. ", "We need to do this because accessing the getter value from “cache” should still pass dependencies from the inner getter to the calling code. ", "If this doesn’t make sense, this article on debugging reactivity should shed some light on it, but feel free to continue without deep diving.", "\n\nA downside to this solution is that it relies on unpublished access to Vue. ", "As always, this interface cannot be guaranteed in future Vue versions. ", "However, even if the new v3 API is abandoned, and furthermore this interface no longer available (a very unlikely scenario). ", "This feature is for performance gain, if it were lost, the functionality of the application would not be broken. ", "It has already been confirmed that v3 comes with significant performance improvements, so it may even be the case this functionality is no longer needed.", "\n\nRegardless, the option is there to copy the Watcher unit tests from Vue into your own codebase (observer/watcher.spec.js), therefore ensuring that if a newer version comes along which breaks this interface, tests will fail and identify the problem in development rather than production.", "\n\nMeasure it\n\nHere is a JSFiddle with the above code in action, but I have also added simple counters for cache hits and misses which get logged to the console. ", "This way the cache performance can be evaluated.", "\n\nFurther possibilities\n\nAs mentioned at the start, this functionality can be applied to computed properties with some tweaking also, and if you want to delve deeper and are interested in applying the cache with a limited size, take a look at this gist.", "\n\nEven if you aren’t ready to use this functionality now, I hope it has been an interesting read, and like me, you are keen to see the Advanced Reactivity API arrive in Vue." ]

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[ "Nonperturbative entangling gates between distant qubits using uniform cold atom chains.", "\nWe propose a new fast scalable method for achieving a two-qubit entangling gate between arbitrary distant qubits in a network by exploiting dispersionless propagation in uniform chains. ", "This is achieved dynamically by switching on a strong interaction between the qubits and a bus formed by a nonengineered chain of interacting qubits. ", "The quality of the gate scales very efficiently with qubit separations. ", "Surprisingly, a sudden switching of the couplings is not necessary. ", "Moreover, our gate mechanism works for multiple gate operations without resetting the bus. ", "We propose a possible experimental realization in cold atoms trapped in optical lattices and near field Fresnel trapping potentials." ]

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[ "Q:\n\nDialog Result not set to true in WPF 4\n\nI have just converted my project to wpf 4 , In my previous version I have used the dialog Result set to true when the save but of a showDialog is click but now I don't get the true value of the dialogResult Property . ", "is there any reason or I need to change the code\n wndWindow childWindow= new wndWindow();\n childWindow.", "ShowInTaskbar = false;\n childWindow.", "Owner = this;\n childWindow.", "ShowDialog();\n if (childWindow.", "DialogResult == true)\n { \n }\n\nabove is my code and I have just set DialogResult=true in save but of the wndWindow Save. ", " but when I check for the DialogResult in if condition it is false why is so\n\nA:\n\nyou have to set DialogResult=true by your self, otherwise its never true.", "\nlook at this to understand the wpf Dialog better.", "\n\n" ]

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[ "How to use Five Star Charts\n\nFive Star Charts is a perfect tool for swing traders, medium-term investors, and long-term investors.", "\n\nSwing Traders are short-term traders and their investment horizon typically last 2 days to 2 weeks but normally won’t last more than 1 month. ", "Swing Trader can use our charts to look for PMO crossing signal from the bottom or near the zero line to enter their positions. ", "Normally, we can see above average OBV volume with PMO crossing signal. ", "Swing Traders can find trading ideas from US and Canada small caps/large caps portfolio, Watch-list, Opened positions and Premium members portfolio. ", "Swing Traders must apply stop loss rule on their investment due to short time horizon.", "\n\nMedium Term Investors are focusing on 1 months to 6 months investment horizon. ", "Five Star Charts Opened Position is exclusively designed for Medium Term Investors. ", "We don’t close out our positions due to short-term volatility, but we like to invest in more upside potential in a larger picture. ", "So, if you experience small loss on Opened Positions, there is no need to worry too much because our success ratio is over 90%. ", "Medium Term Investors should create a diversified portfolio which means no more than ONE position exceeds over 5% of your total asset allocation. ", "If some stocks went up too fast, you should reduce your position and rebalancing. ", "Medium Term Investors can find trading ideas from TOP Country ETFs Watch-list, Opened positions and Premium members portfolio. ", "Medium Term Investors can set stop loss, but the Stop loss is a Fib ratio of 61.8% from the last move.", "\n\nLong-Term Investors has an investment time frame much longer and normally over 6 months to few years. ", "Personally, I don’t recommend anyone using this strategy unless you only invest in conservative multinational large-cap stocks. ", "A lot of Long Terms Investors are incoming seeking investors, but growth stock oriented investors. ", "Our High Income portfolio and Country ETFs/Index ETFs/US and Canada Large Caps Portfolio could be the best choice." ]

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[ "United States Naval Observatory\n\nThe United States Naval Observatory (USNO) is one of the oldest scientific agencies in the United States, with a primary mission to produce Positioning, Navigation and Timing (PNT) for the United States Navy and the United States Department of Defense. ", "Located in Northwest Washington, D.C. at the Northwestern end of Embassy Row, it is one of the pre-1900 astronomical observatories located in an urban area; at the time of its construction, it was far from the light pollution thrown off by the (then-smaller) city center. ", "Former USNO director Gernot M. R. Winkler initiated the \"Master Clock\" service that the USNO still operates, and which provides precise time to the GPS satellite constellation run by the United States Air Force. ", "The USNO performs radio VLBI-based positions of quasars with numerous global collaborators, in order to produce Earth Orientation parameters.", "\n\nAside from its scientific mission, a house located within the Naval Observatory complex serves as the official residence of the Vice President of the United States.", "\n\nHistory \n\nPresident John Quincy Adams, who in 1825 signed the bill for the creation of a national observatory just before leaving presidential office, had intended for it to be called the National Observatory. ", "The names \"National Observatory\" and \"Naval Observatory\" were both used for 10 years, until a ruling was passed to officially use the latter. ", "Adams had made protracted efforts to bring astronomy to a national level at that time. ", "He spent many nights at the observatory, watching and charting the stars, which had always been one of Adams' avocations.", "\n\nEstablished by the order of the United States Secretary of the Navy John Branch on 6 December 1830 as the Depot of Charts and Instruments, the Observatory rose from humble beginnings. ", "Placed under the command of Lieutenant Louis M. Goldsborough, with an annual budget of $330, its primary function was the restoration, repair, and rating of navigational instruments. ", "It was made into a national observatory in 1842 via a federal law and a Congressional appropriation of $25,000. ", "Lieutenant James Melville Gilliss was put in charge of \"obtaining the instruments needed and books.\" ", "Lt. ", "Gilliss visited the principal observatories of Europe with the mission to purchase telescopes and scientific devices and books.", "\n\nThe observatory's primary mission was to care for the United States Navy's marine chronometers, charts, and other navigational equipment. ", "It calibrated ships' chronometers by timing the transit of stars across the meridian. ", " Opened in 1844 in Foggy Bottom north of the present site of the Lincoln Memorial and west of the White House (see: Old Naval Observatory), the observatory moved in 1893 to its present location on a 2000-foot circle of land atop Observatory Hill overlooking Massachusetts Avenue. ", " These facilities were listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2017.", "\n\nThe first superintendent was Navy Commander Matthew Fontaine Maury. ", "Maury had the world's first vulcanized time ball, created to his specifications by Charles Goodyear for the U.S. Observatory. ", "It was the first time ball in the United States, being placed into service in 1845, and the 12th in the world. ", "Maury kept accurate time by the stars and planets. ", "The time ball was dropped every day except Sunday precisely at the astronomically defined moment of Mean Solar Noon, enabling all ships and civilians to know the exact time. ", "By the end of the American Civil War, the Observatory's clocks were linked via telegraph to ring the alarm bells in all of the Washington, D.C. firehouses three times a day, and by the early 1870s the Observatory's daily noon-time signal was being distributed nationwide via the Western Union Telegraph Company. ", "Time was also \"sold\" to the railroads and was used in conjunction with railroad chronometers to schedule American rail transport. ", "Early in the 20th century, the Arlington Time Signal broadcast this service to wireless receivers.", "\n\nIn 1849 the Nautical Almanac Office (NAO) was established in Cambridge, Massachusetts as a separate organization. ", " It was moved to Washington, D.C. in 1866, colocating with the U. S. Naval Observatory in 1893. ", " On September 20, 1894, the NAO became a \"branch\" of USNO, however it remained autonomous for several years after this.", "\n\nAn early scientific duty assigned to the Observatory was the U.S. contribution to the definition of the Astronomical Unit, or the AU, which defines a standard mean distance between the Sun and the Earth, conducted under the auspices of the Congressionally funded U.S. Transit of Venus Commission. ", "The astronomical measurements taken of the transit of Venus by a number of countries since 1639 resulted in a progressively more accurate definition of the AU. ", "Relying heavily on photographic methods, the naval observers returned 350 photographic plates in 1874, and 1,380 measurable plates in 1882. ", "The results of the surveys conducted simultaneously from several locations around the world (for each of the two transits) produced a final value of the solar parallax, after adjustments, of 8.809\", with a probable error of 0.0059\", yielding a U.S. defined Earth-Sun distance of , with a probable error of . ", "This calculated distance was a significant improvement over several previous estimates.", "\n\nThe telescope used for the discovery of the Moons of Mars was the 26-inch (66 cm) refractor (a telescope with a lens), then located at Foggy Bottom. ", "In 1893 it was moved to the present location.", "\n\nIn November 1913 the Paris Observatory, using the Eiffel Tower as an antenna, exchanged sustained wireless (radio) signals with the United States Naval Observatory, using an antenna in Arlington, Virginia to determine the exact difference of longitude between the two institutions.", "\n\nIn 1934, the last (then) large telescope to be installed at USNO saw \"first light\". ", "This 40-inch aperture instrument was also the second (and final) telescope made by famed optician, George Willis Ritchey. ", "The Ritchey–Chrétien telescope design has since become the de facto optical design for nearly all major telescopes, including the famed Keck telescopes and the spaceborne Hubble Space Telescope. ", "Unfortunately, light pollution forced USNO to relocate the 40-inch telescope to Flagstaff, Arizona. ", " There it began operations of a new Navy command, now called the Naval Observatory Flagstaff Station (NOFS). ", "Those operations commenced in 1955, and within a decade, the Navy's largest telescope, the 61-inch \"Kaj Strand Astrometric Reflector\" was built, seeing light at NOFS in 1964.", "\n\nThe United States Naval Observatory no longer obtains significant astrometric observations, but it continues to be a major authority in the areas of Precise Time and Time Interval, Earth orientation, astrometry and celestial observation. ", "In collaboration with many national and international scientific establishments, it determines the timing and astronomical data required for accurate navigation, astrometry, and fundamental astronomy and calculation methods — and distributes this information (such as star catalogs) in the Astronomical Almanac, The Nautical Almanac, and on-line.", "\n\nPerhaps it is best known to the general public for its highly accurate ensemble of atomic clocks and its year 2000 time ball replacement. ", " The site also houses the largest astronomy library in the United States (and the largest astrophysical periodicals collection in the world). ", "The library includes a large collection of rare, often famous, physics and astronomy books from across the past millennium.", "\n\nUSNO continues to maintain its dark-sky observatory, NOFS, near Flagstaff, Arizona, which also now oversees the Navy Precision Optical Interferometer. ", "The Alternate Master Clock, mentioned above, also continues to operate at Schriever Air Force Base in Colorado.", "\n\nDepartments\nIn 1990, the Orbital Mechanics Department and Astronomical Applications Department were established, and Nautical Almanac Office became a division of the Astronomical Applications Department. ", " The Orbital Mechanics Department operated under P. K. Seidelmann until 1994 when the department was abolished, and its functions were moved to a group within the Astronomical Applications Department. ", "In 2010, USNO's astronomical 'department' known as the Naval Observatory Flagstaff Station (NOFS) was officially made autonomous as an Echelon Five command separate from USNO, but reporting to it. ", "In the alpine woodlands above 7,000 feet altitude outside Flagstaff, Arizona, NOFS performs its national, Celestial Reference Frame (CRF) mission under dark skies in that region.", "\n\nOfficial residence of the Vice President of the United States\n\nSince 1974, a house situated in the grounds of the observatory, at Number One Observatory Circle, has been the official residence of the Vice President of the United States. ", "The house is separated from the Naval Observatory, and was formerly the residence of its superintendent, and later the home of the Chief of Naval Operations. ", "The Observatory is therefore subject to tight security control enforced by the Secret Service.", "\n\nAccording to a 15 May 2009 blog posting by Newsweek's Eleanor Clift, Vice President Joe Biden revealed the existence of what Clift described as a bunker-like room in the residence. ", "The bunker is the secure, undisclosed location where former Vice President Dick Cheney remained under protection in secret after the September 11 attacks: according to Clift's report, titled \"Shining Light on Cheney's Hideaway\": \n\nBiden said a young naval officer giving him a tour of the residence showed him the hideaway, which is behind a massive steel door secured by an elaborate lock with a narrow connecting hallway lined with shelves filled with communications equipment. ", "\n\nBiden's press office subsequently issued a statement denying the bunker report, suggesting that Biden had instead been describing \"an upstairs workspace\".", "\n\nTime service\n\nThe U.S. Naval Observatory operates two Master Clock facilities. ", " The primary facility, in Washington, D.C. maintains 57 HP/Agilent/Symmetricom 5071A-001 high performance cesium atomic clocks and 24 hydrogen masers. ", " The alternate master clock, at Schriever Air Force Base, maintains 12 cesium clocks and 3 masers. ", " The observatory also operates four rubidium atomic fountain clocks, which have a stability reaching 7. ", "The observatory intends to build several more of this type for use at its two facilities. ", "The clocks used for the USNO timescale are kept in 19 environmental chambers, whose temperatures are kept constant to within 0.1 degree C and whose relative humidities (for all masers and most cesiums) are kept constant to within 1%. ", "The timescale is based only upon the Washington DC clocks. ", "On June 7, 2007, 70 standards were weighted in the timescale computations.", "\n\nThe U.S. Naval Observatory provides public time service via 26 NTP servers on the public Internet, and via telephone voice announcements:\n +1 202 762-1401 (Washington, DC)\n +1 202 762-1069 (Washington, DC)\n +1 719 567-6742 (Colorado Springs, CO)\n\nThe voice of actor Fred Covington (1928–1993) has been announcing the USNO time since 1978.", "\n\nThe voice announcements follow the same pattern at both sites. ", " They always begin with the local time (daylight or standard), and include a background of 1-second ticks. ", "Local time announcements are made on the minute, and 15, 30, and 45 seconds after the minute. ", "Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) is announced five seconds after the local time. ", "Upon connecting, only the second-marking ticks are heard for the few seconds before the next scheduled local time announcement\n\nThe USNO also operates a modem time service, and provides time to the Global Positioning System.", "\n\nInstrument shop\nThe United States Naval Observatory Instrument shop has been manufacturing precise instrumentation since the early 1900s.", "\n\nPublications \n\n Astronomical Observations made at the U.S. Naval Observatory (USNOA) (v. 1–6: 1846–1867)\n Astronomical and Meteorological Observations made at the U.S. Naval Observatory (USNOM) (v. 1–22: 1862–1880)\n Observations made at the U.S. Naval Observatory (USNOO) (v. 1–7: 1887–1893)\n Publications of the U.S. Naval Observatory, Second Series (PUSNO) (v. 1–16: 1900–1949)\n U.S. Naval Observatory Circulars\n The Astronomical Almanac\n The Nautical Almanac\n The Air Almanac\n Astronomical Phenomena\n\nSee also\n List of astronomical observatories\n Rear Admiral Samuel P. Carter\n\nNotes\n\nFurther reading\n \n (British edition).", "\n\nExternal links \n \n —offline for upgrading until April 30, 2020\n Transcription: Lieut. ", "Matthew Fontaine Maury’s 1847 Letter to President John Quincy Adams on the many details of the United States National Observatory that was later called the \"Navy\" Observatory\nOld photographies at the Paris Observatory\n\n \nNaval Observatory\nNaval Observatory\nNaval Observatory\nNaval Observatory\nNaval Observatory\nCategory:Time balls\nCategory:1830 establishments in Washington, D.C.\nCategory:National Register of Historic Places in Washington, D.C." ]

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[ "Q:\n\nCocoa / Objective-C (Deprecated FMActivateFonts)\n\nI'm trying to update my code so it will compile x86_64, unfortunately the code below is the main culprit (which happens to be roughly ten years old). ", "I know it should be a CTFont type class, although I have no idea how to adapt this old code to the current. ", "Any help would be appreciated. ", "I've also included a reference to this code and some of its predecessors, which also happen to be deprecated. ", "thanks! ", "\n- (void)loadLocalFonts\n{\n NSString *fontsFolder; \n if ((fontsFolder = [[NSBundle mainBundle] resourcePath])) {\n NSURL *fontsURL;\n if ((fontsURL = [NSURL fileURLWithPath:fontsFolder])) {\n FSRef fsRef;\n FSSpec fsSpec;\n (void)CFURLGetFSRef((CFURLRef)fontsURL, &fsRef);\n if (FSGetCatalogInfo(&fsRef, kFSCatInfoNone, NULL, NULL, &fsSpec,\nNULL) == noErr) {\n FMActivateFonts(&fsSpec, NULL, NULL, kFMLocalActivationContext);\n }\n }\n }\n}\n\nReference: Using Custom Fonts In Your Cocoa Applications\n\nA:\n\nThanks for the comment back. ", " I wasn't sure exactly what you were doing there.", "\nTo me it looked like you were loading a selection (or font family) from your resource folder and activating them (whatever that used to be ... Font Manager FM_____ calls feel like 10 years ago at this point :-) \nAnyways, check out this potentially useful question that has answers that may help you out. ", " Looks like it might be as easy as making the font available via a ATSApplicationFontsPath key in the info.list file (the higher rated answer there).", "\n\n" ]

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[ "Reopening Smokies would cost state $60,000 a day\n\n4:13 PM,\nOct. 14, 2013\n\nGreat Smoky Mountains National Park in Gatlinburg.", "\n\nWritten by\n\nErik Schelzig\nAP\n\nCLARKSVILLE, Tenn. - Gov. Bill Haslam says a deal to open the Great Smoky Mountains National Park parks in Tennessee for the weekend came too late for the state to send money to the federal government.", "\n\nThe price tag? ", "$60,000 per day.", "\n\nHaslam told reporters in Clarksville on Monday that banks were already closed by the time the state was informed about how much money to wire to the ..." ]

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[ "Smash Bros designer Masahiro Sakurai has confirmed that tripping will no longer feature in Smash Bros. Tripping, which is when the character runs, stumbles, falls, and is temporarily stunned, is gone in the new Smash Bros for Wii U and Nintendo 3DS. ", "When asked whether the bothersome feature will return for the new Smash Bros game, Sakurai said “To answer quite frankly, it will not return.”" ]

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[ "I[NTRODUCTION]{.smallcaps} {#sec1-1}\n==========================\n\nDelirium is a neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by acute onset of confusion, alteration in consciousness, fluctuating attention, and cognition disturbance.\\[[@ref1][@ref2][@ref3]\\] The incidence of delirium was high and was reported in up to 80% of patients during intensive care unit (ICU) stay.\\[[@ref4]\\] Delirium is associated with adverse outcomes, including higher mortality, prolonged duration of mechanical ventilation, higher ICU and hospital length of stay, and increased medical costs.\\[[@ref4][@ref5][@ref6]\\] It is estimated that each day of delirium results in 10% increase in the relative risk of death.\\[[@ref4]\\]\n\nDelirium is a common neurobehavioral complication after major surgeries,\\[[@ref7]\\] and the incidence rate is estimated as 36.8% in postoperative patients.\\[[@ref8][@ref9]\\] Considering burden prevalence of delirium, applying effective preventive strategies, especially in susceptible patients is essential.\\[[@ref10]\\] Haloperidol and second-generation antipsychotics are the most commonly used pharmacological agents for prevention and treatment of delirium.\\[[@ref1][@ref9]\\] Unfortunately, antipsychotics can cause severe adverse effects such as metabolic disorders, cardiovascular events, and neuroleptic malignant syndrome.\\[[@ref9][@ref10][@ref11]\\]\n\nThiamine is water-soluble vitamin essential for mitochondrial and cellular functions, which acts as cofactor for the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDH) and for α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (α-KGDH). ", "α-KGDH is a key enzyme in the synthesis and production of neurotransmitters and glutathione peroxidase.\\[[@ref12][@ref13]\\] Thiamine is essential for the mitochondrial synthesis of ATP.\\[[@ref14]\\] Reduction of ATP in the brain leads to production of toxic metabolites that can be associated with hallucination, delusion, and delirium.\\[[@ref15]\\] Thiamine deficiency was reported in 20% of patients with sepsis in ICU and 25% of patients after gastrectomy.\\[[@ref12][@ref16][@ref17]\\] Although there are some useful agents for the treatment of delirium, there is no standard approach to prevent delirium in the postoperative patients.\\[[@ref18][@ref19]\\]\n\nAccording to the several mechanisms that have been defined for the delirium also thiamine has important roles in oxidative metabolism, production of ATP and neurotransmitters, and reducing neuroinflammation. ", "Thiamine is suggested as an option for prevention of postoperative delirium. ", "No study has evaluated the effect of thiamine on prevention of postoperative delirium yet.", "\n\nM[ETHODS]{.smallcaps} {#sec1-2}\n=====================\n\nThis randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, clinical trial (ID: IRCT20190224042815N1) was conducted from March 2019 to November 2019 in general ICU of Imam Khomeini hospital, a tertiary referral teaching hospital affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. ", "The institutional review boards and the ethics committee of Tehran University of Medical sciences approved this study with the code number: IR.TUMS. ", "IPS.REC.1397.141.", "\n\nThe sample size of this pilot study (48 patients in each group) was calculated by considering α = 0.05 and 80% power (1−β = 0.8). ", "Because no data were available regarding the efficacy of thiamine in the prevention or treatment of delirium, data from the other studies were used for the sample size calculation.\\[[@ref20]\\]\n\nAll patients over 18 years of age admitted in the ICU after gastrointestinal surgery were eligible to enter the study. ", "Patients with a previous history of any neuropsychiatric disorder, severe renal impairment (glomerular filtration rate ≤30 mL/min/1.73 m^2^), severe liver impairment (Child--Pugh C), substance or alcohol abuse, diabetic ketoacidosis, and delirious patients at the time of ICU admission were excluded. ", "Furthermore, demographic and clinical data, duration of anesthesia, time of recovery, drugs, mechanical ventilation, Acute physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score at admission, and daily sequential organ failure assessment score were recorded.", "\n\nEnrolled patients were randomized to receive either 200 mg of intravenous (IV) thiamine daily or an equal volume of 0.9% saline for 3 days based on the permuted-block randomization method. ", "The randomization scheme consisting of twenty-four blocks, and each block contains four patients in random order.", "\n\nA thiamine and placebo with similar color and appearance were prepared and assigned by the pharmacy department. ", "A physician out of the research team was responsible for assessment of delirium. ", "Therefore, patients and researchers were not aware of the allocation sequence.", "\n\nThe primary outcome of study was the incidence of postoperative delirium. ", "Confusion assessment method (CAM-ICU) scale was applied for detection of delirium. ", "At first, variations in the level of consciousness over time were evaluated according to the Richmond Agitation--Sedation Scale. ", "Agitation was rated from 0 to +4.", "\n\nIn nonalert patients, the rate of sedation level scored based on the duration of eye contact (−1--−3). ", "Patients with no eye opening following verbal stimulation (recorded as −4 or −5) were not included.\\[[@ref21]\\]\n\nThe CAM-ICU includes four features: (1) a change in mental status from baseline, (2) inattention, (3) disorganized thinking, and (4) altered level of consciousness. ", "Delirium was diagnosed if the patient was positive for both 1 and 2 features and either features 3 or 4.\\[[@ref22]\\]\n\nIn this study, a validated Persian version of CAM-ICU was considered for assessment of delirium.\\[[@ref23]\\] During the study period, sedation and delirium status for each patient were assessed every 12 h.\n\nAnalgesic-based sedation (analgosedation) was applied protocol in the ICU. ", "Based on this protocol, opioid analgesics including IV fentanyl, morphine, or methadone was used for sedation. ", "The mean dose of analgesic was calculated based on the morphine equivalent. ", "Haloperidol was considered for any patient who experienced delirium.", "\n\nAny new episode of flashing, pruritus, diaphoresis, nausea, and pharyngeal edema during the study period were considered as adverse drug reactions (ADRs) of thiamine.", "\n\nStatistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 21 software. ", "Kolmogorov--Smirnov test was applied to determine normality of the distribution of quantitative data. ", "Because of the normality of quantitative variables, parametric tests (independent sample *t*-test) were used to compare the quantitative variables in the control and intervention groups. ", "Quantitative variables: data were expressed as mean ± standard deviation (SD). ", "Qualitative variables: data were reported as frequency and percentages. ", "Chi-square or Fisher\\'s exact test were used for comparing the frequency of qualitative variables between control and intervention groups. ", "P \\< 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.", "\n\nR[ESULTS]{.smallcaps} {#sec1-3}\n=====================\n\nDuring the study period, 150 patients were assessed for eligibility. ", "Finally, 96 patients were randomly assigned to thiamine and placebo groups \\[[Figure 1](#F1){ref-type=\"fig\"}\\]. ", "General characteristics of study participants are shown in [Table 1](#T1){ref-type=\"table\"}, No significant difference regarding demographic, clinical, and laboratory data was detected between the groups. ", "Baseline diseases, drugs, and surgery data were comparable between the groups \\[[Table 2](#T2){ref-type=\"table\"}\\]. ", "Furthermore, comparing of participants\\' characteristics during ICU stay found no significant difference between the groups \\[[Table 3](#T3){ref-type=\"table\"}\\]. ", "Gastrointestinal cancer was the most common cause of hospital admission (65.6%) and requiring cardiovascular support was the most common cause of ICU admission (74%). ", "Figure 1Consort flowchart of the study\n\n###### \n\nDemographic, clinical, and laboratory data of study participants\n\n Parameters Thiamine group (*n*=48) Placebo group (*n*=48) *P*^‡^\n -------------------------------------- ------------------------- ------------------------ --------\n Age (years), mean±SD\\* 55±12.8 53±11.4 0.56\n Sex, *n* (%)\\*\\* \n  Male 28 (59.57) 29 (60.4) 0.57\n Cause of hospital admission, *n* (%) \n  Rectal bleeding 1 (2.1) 2 (4.2) 0.64\n  Crohn's disease 2 (4.2) 0 \n  Cancer 32 (66.7) 31 (64.6) \n  Ulcerative colitis 2 (4.2) 2 (4.2) \n  Acute abdominal pain 11 (22.9) 13 (27.1) \n Cause of ICU admission, *n* (%) \n  Cardiovascular support 37 (77.1) 34 (70.8) 0.67\n  Loss of consciousness 2 (4.2) 3 (6.2) \n  Respiratory support 8 (16.7) 9 (18.8) \n  Hemodynamic support 1 (2.1) 2 (4.2) \n Serum albumin, mean±SD 4.29±5 3.79±0.8 0.50\n ESR, mean±SD 26.3±22.5 35.27±28 0.08\n CRP, mean±SD 22.25±26 27.22±28.5 0.37\n\n^‡^ *P* value has been examined by Independent sample *t*-test for quantitative variables and Fisher's exact test for nominal variable, \\*Data have been presented as mean±SD for quantitative variables, \\*\\*Data have been presented as *n* (%) for nominal variable. ", "ESR=Erythrocyte sedimentation rate, CRP=C-reactive protein, SD=Standard deviation, ICU=Intensive care unit\n\n###### \n\nBaseline diseases, drugs history, and surgical data of study participants\n\n Parameters Thiamine group (*n*=48) Placebo group (*n*=48) *P*^‡^\n --------------------------------------- ------------------------- ------------------------ --------\n Baseline disease, *n* (%) \n  Cardiovascular diseases\\*\\* 13 (27.1) 8 (16.7) 0.57\n  Diabetes 5 (10.4) 6 (12.5) \n  Gastrointestinal diseases 20 (41.7) 27 (56.2) \n  Thyroid diseases 1 (2.1) 1 (2.1) \n  Nondisease 9 (18.8) 6 (12.5) \n Past drug history, *n* (%) 41 (85.4) 43 (89.6) 0.37\n Statins, *n* (%) 15 (31.1) 9 (18.8) 0.11\n Proton pump inhibitors, *n* (%) 13 (27.1) 12 (25) 0.50\n H2 blocker, *n* (%) 8 (16.7) 7 (14.6) 0.50\n Duration of anesthesia (h), mean±SD\\* 4.26±1.22 3.87±1.15 0.11\n Time of recovery (min), mean±SD 43±12.6 44±12.4 0.52\n\n^‡^*P* value has been examined by independent sample *t*-test for quantitative variables and Fisher's exact test for nominal variable, \\*Data have been presented as mean±SD for quantitative variables, \\*\\*Data have been presented as *n* (%) for nominal variable. ", "SD=Standard deviation\n\n###### \n\nLaboratory and clinical data of study participants during intensive care unit stay\n\n Parameters Thiamine group (*n*=48) Placebo group (*n*=48) *P*^‡^\n -------------------------------------------- ------------------------- ------------------------ --------\n Liver impairment, *n* (%)\\*\\* 2 (4.2) 3 (6.2) 0.50\n Renal impairment, *n* (%) 1 (2.1) 4 (8.3) 0.18\n Hypernatremia, *n* (%) 0 1 (2.1) 0.50\n Hypokalemia, *n* (%) 5 (10.4) 3 (6.2) 0.35\n Hypomagnesaemia, *n* (%) 4 (8.3) 4 (8.3) 0.64\n Anemia, *n* (%) 29 (60.4) 23 (47.9) 0.15\n Leukopenia, *n* (%) 3 (6.2) 4 (8.3) 0.50\n Thrombocytopenia, *n* (%) 12 (25) 14 (29.2) 0.40\n Hypoxemia, *n* (%) 3 (6.2) 4 (8.3) 0.50\n Acidosis, *n* (%) 8 (16.7) 12 (25) 0.22\n Alkalosis, *n* (%) 1 (2.1) 2 (4.2) 0.50\n Hyperglycemia, *n* (%) 3 (6.2) 2 (4.2) 0.50\n MAP (mmHg), mean±SD\\* 91±16.4 95±11.6 0.16\n Fever, *n* (%) 13 (27.1) 16 (33.3) 0.32\n Antibiotic use during ICU stay, *n* (%) 13 (27.1) 17 (35.4) 0.25\n H2 blockers use during ICU stay, *n* (%) 14 (29.2) 15 (31.2) 0.50\n PPI use during ICU stay, *n* (%) 34 (70.8) 33 (68.8) 0.50\n Anticoagulant use during ICU stay, *n* (%) 47 (97.9) 48 (100) 0.50\n Diuretic use during ICU stay, *n* (%) 7 (14.6) 5 (10.4) 0.37\n Vasopressor use during ICU stay, *n* (%) 2 (4.2) 2 (4.2) 0.69\n Fluid Intake, mean±SD 2585±314 2466±448 0.13\n Urine output, mean±S 2305±331 1925±242 0.23\n APACHE II score at admission, mean±SD 8.04±2.3 7.14±2.2 0.05\n SOFA score day 1, mean±SD 2.43±1.4 2.47±1.4 0.88\n SOFA score day 2, mean±SD 1.58±0.98 2.08±1.47 0.05\n SOFA score day 3, mean±SD 1.43±1 1.9±1.5 0.07\n\n^‡^*P* value has been examined by Independent sample *t*-test for quantitative variables and Fisher's exact test for nominal variable, \\*Data have been presented as mean±SD for quantitative variables, \\*\\*Data have been presented as *n* (%) for nominal variable. ", "SD=Standard deviation, MAP=Mean arterial pressure, ICU=Intensive care unit, PPI=Proton pump inhibitors, APACHE=Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation, SOFA=Sequential organ failure assessment\n\nThe incidence rate of delirium over time was significantly lower in the thiamine group than the placebo group on day 1 (8.3% vs. 25%; or: 0.27 \\[95% confidence interval (CI): 0.08--0.92\\]; P = 0.026) and day 2 (4.2% vs. 20.8%; Odds ratio: 0.16 \\[95%CI: 0.03--0.81\\]; P = 0.014).", "\n\nThe mean ± SD morphine equivalent doses were not significantly different between the groups \\[[Table 4](#T4){ref-type=\"table\"}\\]. ", "No patient needed haloperidol for control of delirium. ", "Duration of mechanical ventilation was not significantly different between the groups \\[[Table 4](#T4){ref-type=\"table\"}\\]. ", "No adverse effect related to thiamine was detected during the study.", "\n\n###### \n\nOutcomes of the study participants\n\n Outcomes Thiamine group (*n*=48) Placebo group (*n*=48) Mean difference (95%CI) *P*^‡^\n ------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------- ------------------------ ------------------------- --------\n Delirium on day 1 (morning), *n* (%)\\*\\* 4 (8.3) 12 (25) 0.27 (0.08-0.92) 0.026\n Delirium on day 1 (night), *n* (%) 4 (8.3) 12 (25) 0.27 (0.08-0.92) 0.026\n Delirium on day 2 (morning), *n* (%) 2 (4.2) 10 (20.8) 0.16 (0.03-0.81) 0.014\n Delirium on day 2 (night), *n* (%) 2 (4.2) 9 (18.8) 0.18 (0.04-0.92) 0.025\n Delirium on day 3 (morning), *n* (%) 3 (6.2) 8 (16.7) 0.33 (0.08-1.34) 0.99\n Delirium on day 3 (night), *n* (%) 3 (6.2) 7 (14.6) 0.39 (0.09-1.61) 0.15\n Analgesic equivalent morphine dose during ICU stay on day 1, mean±SD\\* 9±2.6 8.7±2.4 0.29 (−0.74-1.32) 0.26\n Analgesic equivalent morphine dose during ICU stay on day 2, mean±SD 7.18±2.4 7.7±2.4 −0.54 (−1.53-0.44) 0.71\n Analgesic equivalent morphine dose during ICU stay on day 3 , mean±SD 6.5±2.3 6.6±2.3 −0.083 (−1.03-0.86) 0.50\n Days of mechanical ventilation (day), mean±SD 1.8±1.9 (*n*=5) 2.14±0.89 (*n*=7) −0.34 (−0.89-0.68) 0.47\n\n^‡^*P* value has been examined by Independent sample *t*-test for quantitative variables and Fisher's exact test for. ", "nominal variable, \\*Data have been presented as mean±SD for quantitative variables, \\*\\*Data have been presented as *n* (%) for nominal variable. ", "SD=Standard deviation, CI=Confidence interval, ICU=Intensive care unit\n\nD[ISCUSSION]{.smallcaps} {#sec1-4}\n========================\n\nIn this study, effect of thiamine in the prevention of postoperative delirium in patients undergoing gastrointestinal surgery was evaluated. ", "Included patients had comparable risk factors for incidence of delirium, type of surgery, anesthesia protocol, severity of acute illnesses at the time of ICU admission, organs\\' function during ICU stay, laboratory, and clinical data.", "\n\nDuring the study course, thiamine significantly decreased incidence of delirium on days 1--2 without any adverse reaction compared with placebo.", "\n\nDelirium is one of the most important postoperative complications in patients undergoing surgery. ", "It is associated with worse outcomes.\\[[@ref24][@ref25]\\] Several aspects of delirium pathophysiology have been described. ", "Neurotransmitters\\' imbalance (increased dopamine, depletion of acetylcholine, increased glutamate, and serotonin),\\[[@ref19]\\] release of inflammatory mediators (tumor necrosis factor alpha, interlukin-1, and other cytokines) that lead to endothelial damage and microvascular dysfunction in the central nervous system,\\[[@ref26]\\] and cerebral insufficiency secondary to a global failure in oxidative metabolism\\[[@ref19][@ref27]\\] are probable mechanisms.", "\n\nPDH and α-KGDH require thiamine as a cofactor in the Krebs cycle.\\[[@ref12][@ref14]\\] Furthermore, PDH is essential for the production of acetylcholine. ", "Low level of acetylcholine is associated with cognitive impairment and delirium.\\[[@ref15][@ref28]\\] Interestingly, α-KGDH plays a key role to maintain balance between glutamate and gamma-aminobutyric acid neurotransmitters.\\[[@ref28]\\] This imbalance can lead to excitation and delirium.\\[[@ref16][@ref19]\\]\n\nThiamine is a required cofactor for mitochondrial synthesis of ATP. ", "Reduced ATP in the brain increased production of toxic metabolites of dopamine which can lead to delirium, hallucination, and delusion.\\[[@ref13][@ref15]\\]\n\nPositive effects of thiamin were investigated in several clinical studies. ", "Thiamine has been shown to have significant analgesic effect in neuropathic pain and nephron protection in acute illnesses.\\[[@ref29][@ref30]\\] In septic shock patients revealed that thiamine group had lower serum creatinine levels and a lower rate of progression to renal replacement therapy than placebo group.\\[[@ref31]\\]\n\nThiamine deficiency is associated with some neurological problems including cognitive impairment, dementia, and delirium.\\[[@ref15]\\] Thiamine deficiency is common in patients with sepsis and associated with an increased risk of death.\\[[@ref32]\\] Experimental studies showed that thiamine and riboflavin enhanced the anti-inflammatory effect of dexamethasone.\\[[@ref33]\\] Thiamine also increased oxygen uptake in critically ill patients requiring mechanical ventilation with preserved cardiac index.\\[[@ref34]\\] Thiamine improved cardiac function in symptomatic patients with chronic heart failure.\\[[@ref14]\\] In González-Ortiz *et al*.\\'s study, thiamine administration for 1 month decreased glucose and leptin concentration in drug-naıve patients with T2DM.\\[[@ref35]\\]\n\nPreventing postoperative delirium is effective approach to minimize adverse outcomes in patients.\\[[@ref36][@ref37]\\] Among medical interventions, antipsychotic medications mostly were examined for prevention and treatment of delirium. ", "Prophylaxis with low dose of haloperidol resulted in a lower incidence of delirium in critically ill patients after noncardiac surgery.\\[[@ref20]\\] Furthermore, in a trial that compared prophylactic effect of olanzapine versus placebo, there was a significant decrease in the incidence of postoperative delirium in olanzapine group.\\[[@ref38]\\]\n\nIncidence of delirium significantly declined following administration of ramelteon for elderly patients in ICU.\\[[@ref39]\\] However, oral acetyl cholinesterase inhibitors (donepezil 5 mg/day and rivastigmine 4.5 mg/day) failed to prevent postoperative delirium.\\[[@ref7]\\]\n\nAlthough several interventions were examined, unfortunately, no safe medication has been found for prevention of delirium in postoperative patients yet. ", "Antipsychotic drugs are associated with various serious ADRs such as metabolic disorders, cardiovascular events, and neuroleptic malignant syndrome.\\[[@ref9][@ref10][@ref11]\\] Other medications are also accompanied by ADRs like bradycardia for dexmedetomidine and donepezil.\\[[@ref6][@ref7]\\] However, no ADR related to thiamine was detected during this study. ", "Protective effect of thiamine against postoperative delirium suggests a possible role of neuroinflammation in delirium.", "\n\nThe small sample size and short duration of intervention were limitations of this study. ", "Furthermore, it was not feasible to assess whole-blood thiamine concentration. ", "Well-designed controlled randomized trial considering different doses of thiamine, administration of thiamine before the operation in high-risk patients, and concomitant administration of thiamine with other drugs such as quetiapine or dexmedetomidine are recommended for future studies.", "\n\nThe results suggest that administration of IV thiamine in patients after gastrointestinal surgery admitted in ICU was associated with a lower incidence of delirium postoperatively. ", "Thiamine seems to be a safe option for the prevention of postoperative delirium.", "\n\nA[UTHORS\\']{.smallcaps} C[ONTRIBUTION]{.smallcaps} {#sec1-5}\n==================================================\n\nRM: Data gathering and primary drafting of the manuscript. ", "HK: Designing of the study and editing the manuscript. ", "MM: Clinical evaluation of the patients. ", "ZM, NM: contributed in manuscript preparation and editing.", "\n\nFinancial support and sponsorship {#sec2-1}\n---------------------------------\n\nNil.", "\n\nConflicts of interest {#sec2-2}\n---------------------\n\nThere are no conflicts of interest.", "\n\nWith thanks to general ICU nursing staff of Imam Khomeini Hospital for their kind support.", "\n" ]

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[ "We make a living by what we get, but we make a life by what we give.", "\n\nFiqh of Marriage\n\nEncouragement for Marriage\n\nThese classes are based upon the commentary of the eminent Shaikh ‘Atiyya Muhammad Saalim, given in Masjid an-Nabawee, in Madinah alMunawwrah.", "\n\nThe hadith:\n\n824. ", "Narrated ‘Abdullah bin Mas’ud, Allah’s Messenger said to us, “O gathering of young people, those of you who can support a wife should marry, for it controls the gaze and preserves one’s chastity, but those who cannot should fast, for it is a wijaa’ (a means of suppressing the sexual desire.)”", "\n\nThe explanation:\n\nIn his statement, “Oh gathering of young people (Shabab),” the Prophet is addressing the young since they are the ones that are most strong in their desire to marry. ", "The period of shabab is the age in between tufoolah (childhood) and shaykhukhah (older age), and according to Imam\nZamakhshari, it is between the ages of 16-32. ", "Imam Malik extended the age to 40 years old.", "\nThe scholars state that Shabab means linguistically those who are energetic and have movement. ", "Thus it includes those who are older if they fit the definition.", "\n\n“Whomsoever has the ability” indicates that people are not the same with regard to their ability to marry. ", "There are those who are capable, and those who are unable, and there are levels in between.", "\n\nThus, the ruling on getting married fluctuates between these two extremes.", "\n\nMarriage could be obligatory if a person fears that he might fall into illicit relations, or it could be simply permissible for the one who has no fear of falling into illicit relations or misbehavior.", "\n\nIn general, marriage is recommended, as is made clear in the forthcoming ahadith. ", "Allah Most High has encouraged marriage and marrying more than one wife, or made it permissible, through His Words: “Marry what you desire of women…”\n\n“What you desire” is relative to the desire of the man, who may desire a woman for her religion, or character, or beauty and wealth.”", "\n\n“those who are able”: for one who fears falling into sin, but is unable to marry because he does not have the means to support a wife, then the cure for him will be mentioned shortly.", "\n\nBut as for the one who can provide for a wife, physically, and mentally and personally, such as spending on her and providing a home for her, and giving her her rights, then he should get married.", "\n\n“Whoever can afford it, then let him marry,” means that in general, it is highly recommended, as we mentioned, and the Prophet said, “I will boast of your numbers on the day of judgment.”", "\n\nBut the words of the Prophet “get married for it is” is followed up with the wisdom and causative reasoning (ta’leel) for the command to get married, and this is the response of the majority of Ulema to those who claim that religious injunctions cannot be given reasoning. ", "Allah says, “Fasting has been prescribed for you as it has been prescribed for those before you, in order that you may achieve Taqwa.” ", "This is a Fard whose purpose and reasoning is stated, which is to achieve Taqwa.", "\n\nLikewise, Allah states (regarding the Hajj), “In order for them to witness what is beneficial for them”, and likewise Zakaat, and “Indeed Salaah prevents wickedness and transgression,” and thus we find that most religious obligations are accompanied by their legislative reasoning, or we find their purpose is mentioned separately.", "\n\n“it is more effectual in lowering the gaze” from forbidden things, and more helpful in guarding the private parts.", "\n\nThus, marriage is a means, and lowering the gaze and guarding the private parts is the goal, and „the means take on the ruling of the goal‟. The goal here, to lower the gaze, is an obligation.", "\n\nAllah says, “Say to the believing men, lower their gaze, “ and “Say to the believing women, lower their gaze,”\n\nThis is an obligatory command from Allah to the Prophet to command the Ummah, men and women, to lower their gaze, and protect their private parts.", "\n\nThis is because lowering the gaze leads to protecting the private parts from falling into haram, and protecting the private parts from illicit relations is a means of protecting family lineage and honor, and it purifies the society from the spread of wickedness and abased behavior.", "\n\nAnd from the six most valuable necessities that any society must guard is the protection of family lineage. ", "And the only way to protect lineage and honor is by preventing illegal sexual intercourse (Zina).", "\n\nAnd staying away from Zina is by the means of lowering the gaze. ", "Thus when Allah forbade Zina, who also set a protective territory around it to prevent one from falling into it.", "\n\nThus Allah SWT when He forbids Zina, he also commanded lowering the gaze, and forbade a woman from being alone with a man, since Shaytan will be the third.", "\n\nHe forbade a woman from traveling without a Mahram.", "\n\nHe forbade a woman from beautifying and perfuming herself when going out to public places.", "\n\nHe forbade a woman from using walking seductively in order to make others look at her, Allah says, “and let them not strike with their feet in order to announce what they hide of their ornaments.” ", "This type of walking is like a bell to call the stares of others.", "\n\nThus, Allah closed all the windows of the heart, from smelling with the nose, from hearing with the ears, “and let them not make their voices seductive so those will be attracted…”\n\nFrom all directions of prevention, and protecting the heart, that protect it from falling into Zina, Allah made a vast safety zone, so that a person will not fall into this shameful sin.", "\n\n“It is more helpful in lowering gaze”\n\nThis is because a man when he marries, his wife will suffice him from looking here and there.", "\n\nSome brothers asked me about this narration, “Whoever gets married has completed half of his religion.”", "\n\nThere is a hadith that gives this meaning. ", "The Prophet said, “He whom Allah blesses with a righteous wife, He has helped him in half of his religion.”", "\n\nThis gives the meaning that is popular amongst people.", "\n\n“He whom Allah blesses with a righteous wife.”", "\n\nAnd the reality is that there is no blessing more valuable and noble and precious, after Islam, than a righteous wife.", "\n\nNo Muslim is given anything after Islam better than a righteous wife. ", "If he looks at her,\nshe makes him happy. ", "And if he asks from her, she obeys him. ", "And if he is away from her, she guards his property and honor.", "\n\nThere is nothing in the world, even if one were to sit on the throne of a king who controls the world, what there is in this righteous woman, a woman who guards the man from all directions, and surround him with goodness.", "\n\n“It is effective in lowering the gaze,”\n\nAs we mentioned, lowering the gaze is a means, just like the command to seek permission before entering, or standing to the side of the door when it is opened, so you do not see inside the house, and seek permission. ", "The Prophet said, “The seeking of permission has been commanded because of the glance.”", "\n\nSo if you surprise the occupants of the house with your glance inside, what good will your seeking permission to enter do? ", "Your glance might fall upon someone and they think no one is looking at them.", "\n\nA woman might be wearing her household clothes in her home.", "\n\nThus lowering the gaze, from both men and women, is a noble goal to protects honor and family lineage, and the spreading of corruption.", "\n\nAnd lowering the gaze will protect the private parts, since the glance is the precursor to Zina, and the glance guides and provokes the emotions, and it evokes, especially with regard to seeing women, since they have a strong affect on a man‟s emotions, and he becomes weak towards them.", "\n\nThis is why Allah mentions the noble words, “Let the (women) not make their voices seductive in order that men desire them.”", "\n\nThe seductive voice of a woman can be a like an invitation to her. ", "But a man‟s rough voice does not have such effect.", "\n\nEven a woman, if her voice is harsh, it is considered „manly‟, since it lacks the femininity of a soft voice.", "\n\nIf a woman‟s voice is normal, this is how Allah created her, (and there is no harm in this.) ", "But if she tries to make it soft and seductive, then it is as if she is saying by this, “come to me.”", "\n\n“And if he is unable,” to marry, which is the first means of protecting the private organ, then the alternative comes. ", "What is it?", "\n\n“Then he should fast.”", "\n\nFasting is optional, and Allah obligated fasting once a year, during the month of Ramadan, and the messenger of Allah, taught us the Sunnah of fasting during the week a number of times. ", "He taught us to fast Mondays and Thursdays, and three days during the fullness of the moon, and he taught us to fast and break fast on alternating days, from the Sunnah of Dawud alayhi salaam.", "\n\nThese are Sunnahs, that some may follow if they can, but if they cannot marry, then they should be specifically concerned with these Sunnahs. ", "If they are unable, then they can break their fast. ", "But they should not use this excuse to eat as much as they like and eat things that are warned against.", "\n\nWhen they break their fast, they should not over indulge, then all the desires that were kept at bay during the day will come to them after iftar. ", "They should not make up for what they missed during the day, otherwise there will be no benefit.", "\n\nThe goal is reducing the amount of food one eats, to reduce the flowing the blood in the body, and this is a cure.", "\n\nThus fasting can be an act of worship, and a medicine at the same time. ", "And if one fasts like this, is he rewarded for it, or is there is no reward since he fasted for personal reasons?", "\n\nYes, he will have reward as well as the worldly benefit. ", "He is rewarded because he intended to follow a Sunnah of the Prophet, as Allah says in general about fasting, “Every action is for the child of Adam, except fasting.” ", "So he will have the reward of fasting, and the benefits.", "\n\nRegarding Allah‟s words, “…In order that you achieve Taqwa” where does the Taqwa come from?", "\n\nIt is from helping to lower the gaze, and guard the private parts, and keep away from haram wealth, for the one who can leave the halal will find it easy to leave the haram.", "\n\nFor this reason, we find the wisdom of the legislation of Fasting in that Allah followed the verses regarding Fasting immediately after the verses forbidding the consuming of wealth unlawfully.", "\n\nLeaving the halal during Ramadan is a disciplining of the Nafs to stay away from haram, and not consuming unlawful wealth is a type of Fasting that continues for the rest of the year, until the next Ramadan comes.", "\n\n“It will help him lower his gaze, and guard his chastity.”", "\n\nThis is Prophet medicine, and if a person does this for a week, or more, or less, he will find its effect and will find relaxation in it, and Allah knows best.", "\n\n“And it is for him a constraint (Wijaa’).”", "\n\nMarriage helps to lower the gaze, and fasting is an replacement for marriage, but the Prophet did not say that fasting will help lower the gaze, rather he mentioned its affect from a physiological point of view.", "\n\nWijaa’ is a means of preventing animals and livestock from reproducing, by tying their private parts and placing salt and other things that cause them to become sterilized.", "\n\nWijaa’ causes the animal to relax and not seek after its mate, and they use it for large animals that are used in farming like oxen, in camels, to prevent them from becoming wild.", "\n\nThe Prophet is making an analogy between the effect of fasting on a person and the effect of sterilization on an animal.", "\n\nHowever, this sterilization is not permanent, like some non-Muslims countries that encourage, and even mandate sterilization by cutting the tubes of the woman or man.", "\n\nWhat is important is that Fasting causes a temporary reduction in the desire, that will come back easily when one gets married. ", "This is unlike permanent means of sterilization, that prevent children all together.", "\n\nThis hadith teaches us that the secret habit is forbidden, and a response to those who permitted it. ", "This is the correct opinion. ", "Masturbation is very harmful to the body, and the Prophet has a physician for both heart and body. ", "One who does this act will not be able to enjoy relations after marriage with his wife.", "\n\nThe statement they rely upon was regarding the private part that had the water enter it due to a dream, and this permissibility was to just remove the water from the organ to prevent infection. ", "It was a special permission to prevent infection only, and not a general permission.", "\n\nFinally, we can say that this Prophetic advice is addressed to both male and female.", "\n\nThis hadith has many benefits, and inshallah what has been mentioned will suffice us. ", "And with Allah is all strength, and He knows best." ]

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[ "Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is a commonly used treatment for sleep apnea. ", "CPAP systems deliver, via a mask, air under pressure. ", "The pressurized air makes passes through the obstructing tissues in the throat to the lungs. ", "CPAP therapy may be nasal (e.g., through a mask covering a nose and forcing air through nostrils), oral (e.g., through a mask covering the mouth), or both (e.g., through a full face mask, forcing air through nostrils and mouth). ", "CPAP machines typically feature a computer controlled airflow generator that generates an airstream at a constant pressure. ", "An alternative to CPAP includes variable positive airway pressure (VPAP), also known as bislevel positive airway pressure (BiPAP). ", "VPAP machines typically monitor the patients breathing and provide two different pressures, a higher pressure during inhalation and a lower pressure during exhalation.", "\nThe present invention features a novel oral air delivery system for CPAP machines or similar machines such as VPAP machines. ", "The system of the present invention features a combination mouthpiece and tube piece. ", "The system can be connected to existing CPAP machines or other appropriate machines such as VPAP machines. ", "With the system of the present invention, CPAP machines can deliver air through the user's partially opened lips (e.g., the present invention doesn't require a face mask sealed to the user's face with straps, although the present invention may be used in combination with a face mask and/or a strap if desired).", "\nWithout wishing to limit the present invention to any theory or mechanism, it is believed that the system of the present invention is advantageous because the system may be beneficial for those individuals who are mouth breathers, the system may be more comfortable than a system requiring a sealed face mask, the system may allow for mandibular forward protrusion (e.g., opening of airway), and/or the system may encourage patient compliance." ]

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[ "//\n// Sparkle.h\n// Sparkle\n//\n// Created by Andy Matuschak on 3/16/06. (", "Modified by CDHW on 23/12/07)\n// Copyright 2006 Andy Matuschak. ", "All rights reserved.", "\n//\n\n#ifndef SPARKLE_H\n#define SPARKLE_H\n\n// This list should include the shared headers. ", "It doesn't matter if some of them aren't shared (unless\n// there are name-space collisions) so we can list all of them to start with:\n\n#import <Sparkle/SUUpdater.h>\n\n#import <Sparkle/SUAppcast.h>\n#import <Sparkle/SUAppcastItem.h>\n#import <Sparkle/SUVersionComparisonProtocol.h>\n\n#endif\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Github" }

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[ "<?", "php\n\n/**\n * WikiaConfirmEmail Special Page\n * @author Hyun\n * @author Saipetch\n *\n */\nclass WikiaConfirmEmailSpecialController extends WikiaSpecialPageController {\n\tconst WELCOME_EMAIL_CONTROLLER = Email\\Controller\\WelcomeController::class;\n\n\tpublic function __construct() {\n\t\tparent::__construct( 'WikiaConfirmEmail', '', false );\n\t}\n\n\tpublic function init() {\n\n\t}\n\n\t/**\n\t * Confirm email page.", "\n\t * @requestParam string code - on GET, POST\n\t * @requestParam string username - on POST\n\t * @requestParam string password - on POST\n\t * @responseParam string result [ok/error]\n\t * @responseParam string msg - result messages\n\t * @responseParam string errParam - error param\n\t */\n\tpublic function index() {\n\t\t$this->response->addAsset( 'extensions/wikia/UserLogin/css/UserLogin.scss' );\n\n\t\t// hide things in the skin\n\t\t$this->wg->SuppressCommunityHeader = false;\n\t\t$this->wg->SuppressPageHeader = false;\n\t\t$this->wg->SuppressFooter = true;\n\t\t$this->wg->SuppressAds = true;\n\t\t$this->wg->SuppressToolbar = true;\n\n\t\t$this->getOutput()->disallowUserJs(); // just in case...\n\n\t\t$this->wg->Out->setPageTitle( wfMessage( 'wikiaconfirmemail-heading' )->plain() );\n\n\t\t$par = $this->request->getVal( 'par', '' );\n\t\t$this->code = $this->request->getVal( 'code', $par );\n\t\t$this->username = $this->request->getVal( 'username', '' );\n\t\t$this->password = $this->request->getVal( 'password', '' );\n\t\t$this->editToken = $this->wg->User->getEditToken();\n\t\t$this->loginToken = UserLoginHelper::getLoginToken();\n\t\t$editTokenReq = $this->request->getVal( 'editToken', '' );\n\t\t$loginTokenReq = $this->request->getVal( 'loginToken', '' );\n\n\t\tif ( $this->code == '' ) {\n\t\t\t$this->result = 'error';\n\t\t\t$this->msg = wfMessage( 'wikiaconfirmemail-error-empty-code' )->escaped();\n\t\t\treturn;\n\t\t}\n\n\t\tif ( $this->wg->request->wasPosted() && $this->wg->User->matchEditToken( $editTokenReq ) ) {\n\n\t\t\tif ( $this->wg->User->isAnon()\n\t\t\t\t&& $loginTokenReq !", "== UserLoginHelper::getLoginToken()\n\t\t\t) {\n\t\t\t\t$this->result = 'error';\n\t\t\t\t$this->msg = wfMessage( 'sessionfailure' )->escaped();\n\t\t\t\treturn;\n\t\t\t}\n\n\t\t\tif ( $this->username == '' ) {\n\t\t\t\t$this->result = 'error';\n\t\t\t\t$this->msg = wfMessage( 'userlogin-error-noname' )->escaped();\n\t\t\t\t$this->errParam = 'username';\n\t\t\t\treturn;\n\t\t\t}\n\n\t\t\tif ( $this->password == '' ) {\n\t\t\t\t$this->result = 'error';\n\t\t\t\t$this->msg = wfMessage( 'userlogin-error-wrongpasswordempty' )->escaped();\n\t\t\t\t$this->errParam = 'password';\n\t\t\t\treturn;\n\t\t\t}\n\n\t\t\t$expUser = User::newFromConfirmationCode( $this->code );\n\t\t\tif ( !", "$expUser instanceof User ) {\n\t\t\t\t$this->result = 'error';\n\t\t\t\t$this->msg = wfMessage( 'wikiaconfirmemail-error-invalid-code' )->escaped();\n\t\t\t\treturn;\n\t\t\t}\n\n\t\t\t// User - activate user, confirm email and redirect to user page or create new wiki\n\t\t\t$user = User::newFromName( $this->username );\n\t\t\tif ( !", "$user instanceof User ) {\n\t\t\t\t$this->result = 'error';\n\t\t\t\t$this->msg = wfMessage( 'userlogin-error-noname' )->escaped();\n\t\t\t\treturn;\n\t\t\t}\n\n\t\t\tif ( $user->getId() !", "= $expUser->getId() ) {\n\t\t\t\t$this->result = 'error';\n\t\t\t\t$this->msg = wfMessage( 'wikiaconfirmemail-error-user-not-match' )->parse();\n\t\t\t\t$this->errParam = 'username';\n\t\t\t\treturn;\n\t\t\t}\n\n\t\t\t$userLoginHelper = new UserLoginHelper ; /* @var UserLoginHelper $userLoginHelper */\n\t\t\tif ( $userLoginHelper->isPasswordThrottled( $this->username ) ) {\n\t\t\t\t$this->result = 'error';\n\t\t\t\t$this->msg = wfMessage( 'userlogin-error-login-throttled' )->escaped();\n\t\t\t\t$this->errParam = 'password';\n\t\t\t\treturn;\n\t\t\t}\n\n\t\t\tif ( $user->checkPassword( $this->password )->success() ) {\n\t\t\t\t$this->wg->User = $user;\n\n\t\t\t\tif ( $user->getGlobalFlag( UserLoginSpecialController::NOT_CONFIRMED_SIGNUP_OPTION_NAME ) !", "= null ) {// Signup confirm\n\t\t\t\t\t// Log user in manually\n\t\t\t\t\t$this->wg->User->setCookies();\n\t\t\t\t\tLoginForm::clearLoginToken();\n\t\t\t\t\tUserLoginHelper::clearNotConfirmedUserSession();\n\t\t\t\t\t$userLoginHelper->clearPasswordThrottle( $this->username );\n\n\t\t\t\t\t// Confirm\n\t\t\t\t\tUserLoginHelper::removeNotConfirmedFlag( $user );\n\t\t\t\t\t$user->confirmEmail();\n\n\t\t\t\t\t// Get and clear redirect page\n\t\t\t\t\t$userSignupRedirect = $user->getGlobalAttribute( UserLoginSpecialController::SIGNUP_REDIRECT_OPTION_NAME );\n\t\t\t\t\t$user->setGlobalAttribute( UserLoginSpecialController::SIGNUP_REDIRECT_OPTION_NAME, null );\n\n\t\t\t\t\t$user->saveSettings();\n\n\t\t\t\t\t$userLoginHelper->addNewUserLogEntry( $user );\n\n\t\t\t\t\t// send welcome email\n\t\t\t\t\tF::app()->sendRequest( self::WELCOME_EMAIL_CONTROLLER, 'handle' );\n\n\t\t\t\t\t// redirect user\n\t\t\t\t\tif ( !", "empty( $userSignupRedirect ) ) {// Redirect user to the point where he finished (when signup on create wiki)\n\t\t\t\t\t\t$titleObj = SpecialPage::getTitleFor( 'CreateNewWiki' );\n\t\t\t\t\t\t$query = $userSignupRedirect;\n\t\t\t\t\t} else {\n\t\t\t\t\t\t$titleObj = $this->wg->User->getUserPage();\n\t\t\t\t\t\t$query = '';\n\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\t$this->wg->out->redirect( $titleObj->getFullURL( $query ) );\n\t\t\t\t\treturn;\n\n\t\t\t\t} else {// Email change\n\t\t\t\t\t// Log user in through standard method\n\t\t\t\t\t$response = $this->app->sendRequest( 'UserLoginSpecial', 'login' );\n\n\t\t\t\t\t$result = $response->getVal( 'result', '' );\n\n\t\t\t\t\t$optionNewEmail = $this->wg->User->getNewEmail();\n\t\t\t\t\tif ( !", "empty( $optionNewEmail ) ) {\n\t\t\t\t\t\t$user->setEmail( $optionNewEmail );\n\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\t$user->confirmEmail();\n\t\t\t\t\t$user->clearNewEmail();\n\t\t\t\t\t$user->saveSettings();\n\n\t\t\t\t\t// redirect user\n\t\t\t\t\tif ( $result === 'closurerequested' ) {\n\t\t\t\t\t\t$response = $this->app->sendRequest( 'UserLoginSpecial', 'getCloseAccountRedirectUrl' );\n\t\t\t\t\t\t$redirectUrl = $response->getVal( 'redirectUrl' );\n\t\t\t\t\t\t$this->wg->Out->redirect( $redirectUrl );\n\t\t\t\t\t} else {\n\t\t\t\t\t\t$userPage = $user->getUserPage();\n\t\t\t\t\t\t$this->wg->out->redirect( $userPage->getFullURL() );\n\t\t\t\t\t}\n\n\t\t\t\t\tHooks::run( 'EmailChangeConfirmed', array( $user ) );\n\t\t\t\t\treturn;\n\n\t\t\t\t}\n\n\t\t\t} else {\n\t\t\t\t$this->result = 'error';\n\t\t\t\t$this->msg = wfMessage( 'userlogin-error-wrongpassword' )->escaped();\n\t\t\t\t$this->errParam = 'password';\n\t\t\t\treturn;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t}\n\t}\n\n}\n" ]

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[ "Q:\n\nDo I need a VM to run Jira on Windows Azure?", "\n\nI have been researching for the past two hours and am still unclear if I Jira and Confluence require a VM or if I can install them on an Azure website instance. ", "I read a very informative article by our friend Scott that indicates for low traffic sites a VM is not necissary. ", "I have also read this Microsoft post regarding Azure VM's vs Websites vs Webroles.", "\nBut none of that is answering my question - can I install Jira on an Azure website (shared hosting) or do I need to shell out for an Azure VM?", "\n\nA:\n\nCan I install Jira on an Azure website (shared hosting) or do I need\n to shell out for an Azure VM?", "\n\nShort answer, No. ", "You can't install Jira on an Azure website. ", "\nSimply because Azure websites won't allow you to install custom software. ", "If you want to run Jira in the cloud, your best bet would be to go with Windows Azure Virtual Machines. ", "Even though you could install software in cloud services (Web Role/Worker Role) but they being stateless VMs would mean that you would need to reinstall the software if new VMs are commissioned for you (which you could do via start up tasks).", "\nJust out of curiosity - have you considered using hosted JIRA: https://www.atlassian.com/software/jira/pricing? ", "I think for small number of users, it would be cheaper to go with that instead of installing and running JIRA in Windows Azure.", "\n\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "StackExchange" }

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[ "Larbi Oukada\n\nLarbi Oukada (born 26 June 1946) is a Moroccan middle-distance runner. ", "He competed in the men's 3000 metres steeplechase at the 1968 Summer Olympics.", "\n\nReferences\n\nCategory:1946 births\nCategory:Living people\nCategory:Athletes (track and field) at the 1968 Summer Olympics\nCategory:Moroccan male middle-distance runners\nCategory:Moroccan male steeplechase runners\nCategory:Olympic athletes of Morocco\nCategory:Place of birth missing (living people)" ]

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[ "Adverbial Clauses\n\nAdverbial Clauses :\n\nNoun Clauses = Substantive Clauses\n\nSuccess | That we should succeed in this plan | is improbable.", "\n\nThe thought in these two sentences is the same, but in the second it is more fully expressed. ", "In the first sentence, the subject is the noun success…in the second, the subject is the noun clause… that we should succeed in this plan. ", "This clause is introduced by the conjunction THAT the simple subject of the clause is the pronoun WE and the simple predicate is the verb-phrase should succeed. ", "The first sentence is simple. ", "The second is complex.", "\n\nSubstantive clauses are often introduced by the conjunction that.", "\n\nAdjective Clauses\n\nThe following sentences illustrate the use of (1) an adjective, (2) an adjective phrase, (3) an adjective clause as a modifier of the subject noun.", "\n\n{An honorable man | A man of honor | A man who values his honor} will not lie.", "\n\n{A seasonable word | A word in season | A word that is spoken at the right moment} may save a soul.", "\n\n{My native land | The land of my birth | The land where I was born} lies far across the sea.", "\n\nThe first two sentences in each group are simple, the third is complex.", "\n\nAdverbial Clauses\n\nThe following sentences illustrate the use of (1) an adverb, (2) an adverbial phrase, (3) an adverbial clause as a modifier of the predicate verb (or verb-phrase).", "\n\nThe lightning struck {here. ", "| on this spot. ", "| where we stand.}", "\n\nMr. Andrews lives {near. ", "| in this neighborhood. ", "| where you see that elm.}", "\n\nThe game began {punctually. ", "| on the stroke of one. ", "| when the clock struck.}", "\n\nThe banker will make the loan {conditionally. ", "| on one condition. ", "| if you endorse my note.}", "\n\nThe first two sentences in each group are simple. ", "The third is complex.", "\n\n(2) By the conjunctions because, though, although, if, that (in order that, so that), lest, etc.", "\n\nNote : The use of phrases and clauses as parts of speech increases enormously the richness and power of language. ", "Though English has a huge stock of words, it cannot provide a separate noun or adjective or adverb for every idea. ", "By grouping words, however, in phrases and clauses we, in effect, make a great variety of new nouns, adjectives, and adverbs, each precisely fitted to the needs of the moment in the expression of thought." ]

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[ "Labels:\n\nHilary clinton would have made a different U.S. as a president, isn't it? ", "It's an interseting question but we of course don't know the answer. ", "The fact that some Democrats are asking themselves the question is indicative of how low Barack Obama has sunk in their estimation.", "Hillary Rodham Clinton isn't president, but Dick Cheney says that if she were in the White House rather than Barack Obama, then things might be different today in the country.", "The former vice president told that Fox News Sunday that it's his sense that the secretary of state is \"one of the more competent members\" of the Obama administration. ", "He also said that it would be \"interesting to speculate\" about how she would have performed as president. ", "He also has struggled to empathise. ", "The words are there, but not the feeling. ", "He seems detached not just from ordinary people but from the role he actually performs. ", "A typical speech will complain about gridlock in Washington, when he is now part of the system.", "Clinton lost the 2008 Democratic nomination to Obama, who went on to beat Republican John McCain in the general election. ", "Obama named Clinton as the country's top diplomat." ]

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[ "La mala costumbre\n\nLa mala costumbre is a single by Pastora Soler, released on 9 August 2010, for the album 15 años..\n\nThe work was written and composed by José Abraham and was dedicated to the father of Pastora Soler\n\nThe single was ranked 27th on the official Spanish chart..\n\nTrack listing \n\n Digital download\n\n „La mala costumbre” – 4:04\n „La mala costumbre” (Dirécto) – 4:34\n\nChart listings\n\nReferences \n\nCategory:2010 singles" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }

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[ "\n\nIf you got a chance to see the Broadway show, Enron you’ll know that Stephen Kunken was well deserved in getting a Tony nomination for Best Featured Actor in a Play for his role as Andy Fastow.", "\n\nI say “got a chance” because the day Stephen found out he was nominated he was also told that the show would be closing later that week.", "\n\nIf that were me, I’d want to jump out a window but Stephen is taking it all in stride.", "\n\nAnd why shouldn’t he? ", "The critics universally praised his work, he and his wife just adopted a baby and he’s such a fantastic actor, the phone is probably already ringing in his agents office.", "\n\nI got a chance to talk to him while he was sitting in his car about to take a well deserved break.", "\n\nCongratulations on your nomination.", "\n\nThank you so much.", "\n\nHow did you find out about it?", "\n\nI was watching, because I knew it was important to find out about the longevity of our show – Enron. ", "With how expensive the show was, if it didn’t get nominated, I knew it would probably be a rough road for us. ", "I was curious and watching for a couple of minutes. ", "Then, they let it go and I watched it online. ", "I sort of saw it all happening in rapid succession. ", "They did the 5 big categories first on TV and then they ended it. ", "So I thought that I had missed my category. ", "I was like, “Damn, I can’t believe it!” ", "But then they actually went back to it.", "\n\nWhat’s that feeling like, to be one of the top five actors nominated?", "\n\nIt’s crazy. ", "I don’t know that it’s sunk in yet. ", "I was just talking to my wife about it. ", "It’s such an incredible honor and its a thing that you always dream about as an actor, I think. ", "Especially as a New York theatre actor who grew up on the Tony’s and grew up coming to see Broadway shows. ", "I went to Julliard in the city, which is an institution for theatre.", "\n\nI remember my first Broadway show, right before I went on, saying “Wow, as soon as the first word comes out of my mouth, I’m going to have done a Broadway show.” ", "It was an incredible, huge threshold to walk across. ", "It hasn’t even really sunk in yet to be considered a part of the community in a performance that was noteworthy in this season of incredible actors and performances. ", "It’s kind of mind-boggling. ", "It’s thrilling. ", "It’s such a huge honor. ", "I know these are all the things that everyone always says, but it’s so true. ", "You actually really do feel awed by the attention and awed by people actually caring. ", "There’s nothing that I just said that’s new or exciting, but it’s totally true. ", "It puts all of that work into perspective for a moment. ", "It’s a milestone in your career that you can look back and you can say, ‘Oh, my God, I actually put together a little body of work.’ ", "It’s quite cool.", "\n\nIs it true that now you can get better seats in a restaurant?", "\n\nI don’t know. ", "If I won the award, I could walk in with the statue and I still think I would lose instantly to anyone who’s been on a TV show or in a film. ", "Maybe at Angus McIndoe across the street they might say “Hey!” ", "but I think other than that, that’s the beauty of the theatre that unless you saw it, you don’t really know it.", "\n\nAnd then, a couple of hours later, how did you hear about the show closing? ", "That’s got to be a sucker punch.", "\n\nWell, I saw that the show hadn’t been nominated and the producers were pretty frank with us earlier on. ", "The day after we opened, we had a day off and we came back and talked about it. ", "New York is tough. ", "The New York Times is a such an important paper for a big Broadway show. ", "Because it’s a table setter and a tone setter for the way people think about a show. ", "Ben Brantley from The New York Times really didn’t like the show. ", "He had very nice things to say about me, which was very nice but he didn’t like the show. ", "And already you could feel as we came back that we were battling that perception. ", "We had amazing reviews from all other places, but theater people have very strong opinions about the play. ", "So, I knew from the producers who said the Tony’s would be very important to us. ", "So I knew we were in a bit of a race, and when that didn’t come through, I knew that our time might be short. ", "But I didn’t think it would be that short. ", "We found out that night. ", "They sent us all an email basically saying “Please come to the theatre a half an hour before.” ", "Then they told us that there wasn’t an advance being built and that the Tony’s were really important to help build that advance, and that the show was very expensive, and the timing was wrong, possibly, for a show all about finance. ", "There were a million reasons. ", "You could Monday morning quarterback what happened with it a million different ways but we found out that night that that was going to be our last week, which was crazy.", "\n\nIt was heartbreaking also, because you hit that moment when you’re like, ‘I can get to live in this thing and I can show people my work,’ and then it was gone just as quick. ", "But it’s a great metaphor for the theatre. ", "The theatre is a living organism that is of the here and the now, and it’s going to disappear and that’s the beauty of it.", "\n\nIt’s gotta suck that you put in all this time and energy, and you got nominated for a Tony, and people can’t see your work.", "\n\nYeah, it’s definitely a drag. ", "All my out-of-town friends will have missed it. ", "And people I know who bought tickets for later in the summer won’t get to see it. ", "But, in terms of my community of people, a lot of them were great. ", "They rushed to go see it or they had seen it in the preview period. ", "I know that the producers made a valiant attempt to try and get as many of the Tony voters in before the show closed. ", "They got a good bit of those people in.", "\n\nAs far as the joy of doing a play, and getting good notices, and having some kind of acknowledgement that you than get to live in that because it happens so infrequently. ", "That was a drag, definitely.", "\n\nLet’s go back to the beginning. ", "How did you get your start? ", "When did you realized you wanted to be an actor?", "\n\nI did it in high school. ", "I did all the school shows. ", "I had a great high school drama professor who really made us cut our teeth in high school, not on Bye Bye Birdie, and stuff like that but on Bertolt Brecht. ", "That really pushed our imaginations. ", "So, I sort of knew when I was in high school that I really loved it. ", "When I went to college, I went as a political science major, actually, and took a couple of classes. ", "I realized in political science, it’s really a science of figuring out people, and how to manipulate people and how to manipulate perception and understand it. ", "It was all these things that I was doing and loving in the arts, but it seemed for more nefarious purposes. ", "So, I decided that I’d rather do it for entertainment and to help people see the world in a different way that to build a political career.", "\n\nAnd then you went to Juilliard?", "\n\nThen I went to Juilliard in the city, which was very lucky.", "\n\nI talked to Carrie Preston who also went there. ", "She said it was like an acting boot camp. ", "It was like her Vietnam she said.", "\n\nTotally. ", "I love Carrie Preston, she’s a buddy of mine. ", "She’s awesome. ", "The thing about Juilliard that’s so great, in terms of the hardest part about Juilliard, is that they look at you when you come in, and they say “You do these amazing things naturally. ", "And let’s be honest, you don’t need us to continually tell you over the course of these four years what that is that you do great. ", "So let’s give you as many skills and tricks and craft as we can do over four years with things you’re not good at.” ", "So, you can spend four years thinking you’re not good at all, which I think is the danger if you go there too young or too green. ", "You can start to lose your confidence. ", "But if you can maintain your sense of the world, you can come out of that program with an incredible set of skills, and having worked with some really great people.", "\n\nYou pretty much work non-stop; do you credit your education with that?", "\n\nYes, in large part. ", "I think a huge part of why people want to work with you or hire you—it’s 50% what you’re doing in the auditions and how prepared you are and what kind of take you have on a role, but the other 50% is, are you somebody who’s reliable and that people want to work with. ", "That starts to snowball. ", "I pride myself on being somebody whose prepared and who isn’t causing problems when they’re in rehearsal and is just really there to make the play better, to make the project better. ", "I think that’s an important part of why you continually work or don’t work. ", "Your reputation precedes you into a room. ", "Hopefully, it’s working for you as opposed to against you.", "\n\nYou’ve played two real people; Jim Reston in Frost/Nixon and Andy Fastow in Enron. ", "They’re completely different shows, but was the research on the people the same for you?", "\n\nYes, in a way. ", "It’s interesting, when you play a non-fictional character; you’re playing somebody who you can pull lots of source material for. ", "It’s exciting because a big part of your job is done. ", "You can see pictures of that person, you can hear that person, and you can do a lot of the external work that will get you close to that person. ", "But then there’s a point when that stops being helpful, and you have to do the same work you would do as an actor on any fictional character. ", "Which is go to the script and figure out exactly what the author or playwright is asking you to do. ", "Because, even if I did the greatest Jim Reston ever, but it was running counter-intuitive to Peter Morgan’s script, then we’re in conflict with each other. ", "So, it’s more important that I know what David Frost is saying about Jim Reston in the play and then somehow interpret that either to embody that or do the opposite of it. ", "To take all the given circumstances that I know from the world of the play and try to marry them with some of the things I know. ", "It is a kind of hybrid thing when you work on a non-fictional character, but it’s not a far afield from just working on Chekhov. ", "Where you’re completely creating a character from scratch. ", "You have to do all that same beat to beat, moment to moment work, or else we would just be doing documentaries, essentially.", "\n\nSo when you get a new script—and I know you’ve done a lot of new plays— what are the very first things you look for and you do?", "\n\nThat’s a great question. ", "I think I probably start off reading the script a number of times. ", "I had a professor once who said that your first impression is so important, and that when you read a play the first time, don’t read it piecemeal, don’t read it on the subway, 10 pages here, another 15 pages there. ", "You’re first impression of it should be in some ways the same as if you were to sit in a darkened theatre and watched 2 hours of a play. ", "So that impression is really important. ", "The first time through, I’m really just responding emotionally or intellectually to the experience. ", "And then I go back and read it a few more times, because it’s actually really interesting to read a play before you know who you’re playing in it. ", "Sometimes, if you get the breakdowns and there’s equal parts that you might be right for, it’s really interesting to read a play not tracking it for your character. ", "You sometimes learn a lot in that respect. ", "Once you’ve read it the first time or you know who you’re playing, I start pulling out all the things I know, trying to develop the skeleton of a character from all the bread crumbs that the playwright has left you. ", "Very simple things, like how old the person is, where the person grew up, to all the emotional things about that person; what are their triggers? ", "What are the things that set that person off? ", "All of the things we work on in acting school, like what does this person want? ", "What does this person out of life? ", "And then you start to go back and filter all of that together and I find there comes a point where you’re never even learning the lines, because you’re doing so much work on figuring out why the lines are there that it sort of figures itself out.", "\n\nI know that you just adopted a baby, are you going to take some time off and hang out with the family or are you calling your agent and saying “Let’s get back to work”?", "\n\nIt’s funny you say that, because my wife and I have a little house up in Connecticut. ", "I’m literally sitting right now in a car in the driveway. ", "We just got here, battling traffic. ", "I was doing this play David Cromer’s Our Town, I was playing the stage manager right before we started rehearsals for [Enron]. ", "Literally, I left Our Town on a Thursday night, did my last performance. ", "On Friday, we flew off to Ethiopia, to get our daughter. ", "We spent two weeks in Ethiopia, flew back and landed on a Saturday night and started rehearsal on a Monday. ", "So it’s been brutal. ", "But she’s absolutely the greatest kid in the world. ", "She is the easiest, sweetest, most grounded kid who’s kept all this in perspective, all the things like the show closing. ", "I have this little face to come home to who doesn’t care about any of that, it’s amazing. ", "Part of closing is going to be lovely. ", "I’ll get to spend a chunk of time with her. ", "Certainly I love working, I love what I do, and if opportunities come up, I’m sure I will be on the horn with the agents saying “What’s next?” ", "But I don’t suddenly feel the time clock going “T-minus 2 weeks till I need a job before I go crazy.” ", "I’m very content to have a little bit of vacation time.", "\n\nTwo more questions: What is the best piece of advice someone gave you regarding acting? ", "And what is your advice to actors?", "\n\nFor the business I think—and my current situation is a perfect example—it’s a long, long game. ", "I remember coming out ofJuilliard thinking that it was a series of sprints, that you would look to your left and your right, and you’d see people in your class and you’d see people with the agents that you want, or you’d see them get job you thought you should have, or you weren’t booking and you tended to make an assessment of how you were doing by the people around you. ", "And you judge that on very short sprints.", "\n\nBut the business is a marathon. ", "Your career is a marathon, and you have to figure out how to pace yourself, and you have to figure out how to have a sense of inner worth and inner measure, rather than constantly looking around you. ", "I look at the people in my class, certain people sprinted ahead and then fell back and haven’t worked in a while. ", "And we’re all going through the same thing. ", "There’s enough work for all of us. ", "We’re not in competition with each other really. ", "I know that’s sort of “self-helpy” speak, but it’s kind of true in this profession. ", "There’s going to be a job that opens up for you because you didn’t get the other job. ", "There’s enough work if you stay in it. ", "There’s a huge attrition rate in this business because people can’t figure out how to go the whole way. ", "It’s such a hard business and people fall off, and if you can figure out how to support yourself and feel good about yourself, your time will come. ", "Your chance to get those things will come. ", "Somebody told me that and in the beginning right when I came out of school I totally didn’t believe it. ", "I was miserable for a lot of time, because I thought “If I hear another person tell me that I’m going to really start working in my mid-thirties, I’m going to just kill myself.” [", "LAUGHTER] I was twenty-something, and I thought “I want to do that!” ", "and they’re like “Yeah, you know what? ", "You’re going to have a great career in your mid-thirties and your forties and fifties.” ", "That’s not what you want to hear that. ", "You want to hear that you’re going to get it now. ", "But looking back, I’m like, “Wow, that’s great advice.” ", "It’s hard advice to take when you’re in the middle of it, but—if you’d have told me in my twenties that I’d be sitting with a Tony nomination for a new play, I would‘ve have believed it.", "\n\nIn terms of craft, I’d have to think about that. ", "Tell the truth.", "\n\nI’ll think of something good at some point. [", "LAUGHTER] I’ll give you a call at 2:00 in the morning when I can actually come up with something [LAUGHTER]" ]

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[ "Duration: 8min 06sec Views: 1 265 Submitted: 1 year ago Submitted by:\n\nDescription: Real talk i would nut all up in this bitch without even caring.... knock her up fast... yea she would be on my starting line up of side females holding the #1 spot for the white chicks lol....... anyways Enjoy folks" ]

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[ "Significance of autogenously regulated and constitutive synthesis of regulatory proteins in repressible biosynthetic systems.", "\nThe functional implications of the different modes of regulation have been examined systematically. ", "The results lead to certain predictions. ", "The regulatory protein in repressor-controlled systems is constitutively synthesised. ", "In activator-controlled systems synthesis of the regulatory protein is autogenously regulated. ", "There is favourable agreement between these predictions and published experimental evidence." ]

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[ "All relevant data are within the paper and its Supporting Information files.", "\n\nIntroduction {#sec001}\n============\n\nThe genus *Prunus* includes an important number of fruit crops: peach (*P*. *", "persica*), apricot (*P*. *", "armeniaca*), cherry (*P*. *", "avium*), almond (*P*. *", "dulcis*) and plum (*P*. *", "salicina*). ", "Plums are mainly consumed fresh and are becoming increasingly popular as a result of their attractive appearance and extraordinary flavour. ", "Spain produces about 8% of the total European plum production (3^rd^ position) and is the main exporter (seasonal market) in the world \\[[@pone.0136596.ref001]\\].", "\n\nEuropeans demand high quality fresh products, especially those with high organoleptic quality and nutritional value \\[[@pone.0136596.ref002]\\]. ", "For this reason, those characteristics have been important targets for breeding during the last decade \\[[@pone.0136596.ref003]\\]. ", "A recent survey showed that the demand for organic products by European consumers increased fourfold during the last decade while the area devoted to their cultivation only doubled \\[[@pone.0136596.ref004]\\]. ", "In Andalusia, a huge increase in the land dedicated to organic farming took place (sevenfold in the period, 2001--2013). ", "At present, Andalusia produces more than 50% of the total Spanish production of organic fruit and vegetables \\[[@pone.0136596.ref005]\\].", "\n\nEuropean Union guidelines regarding organic production \\[[@pone.0136596.ref006]\\] forbids the use of synthetic products (fertilisers and plant protection methods). ", "The principles for organic agriculture are similar in the different European countries and the inputs permitted are regulated by law.", "\n\nOn the one hand, several reviews and articles generally state that organic fruits and vegetables have a higher amount of micronutrients and health-related secondary metabolites, such as phenolic compounds \\[[@pone.0136596.ref007]\\], carotenoids \\[[@pone.0136596.ref008]\\], vitamins \\[[@pone.0136596.ref009], [@pone.0136596.ref010]\\] and glucosinolates \\[[@pone.0136596.ref011]\\]. ", "On the other hand, other studies have not found the same effect on the final fruit quality \\[[@pone.0136596.ref012], [@pone.0136596.ref013]\\], emphasising the importance of the environmental parameters (i.e. temperature, irradiation incidence, ripeness, irrigation, etc.) ", "and nutrient dilution (different fruit moisture).", "\n\nThe use of pesticides was reported to affect the secondary metabolism of plants, increasing or decreasing the concentrations of phenolic compounds, depending on the mechanism of action of the pesticide \\[[@pone.0136596.ref014]\\]. ", "Several herbicides reduce carbon fixation by plants, decreasing the proportion of carbon available for the synthesis of primary and secondary metabolites. ", "Other herbicides block the shikimate pathway, reducing the synthesis of aromatic amino acids at the onset of the synthesis of phenolic compounds \\[[@pone.0136596.ref015]\\].", "\n\nThe quantity and quality of the bioactive compounds in fruit is strongly related to its genotype \\[[@pone.0136596.ref016]--[@pone.0136596.ref019]\\]. ", "Plums have a wide genetic basis that is reflected in different contents of antioxidant compounds \\[[@pone.0136596.ref020]--[@pone.0136596.ref022]\\]. ", "The nutritional quality of plums also depends on several pre-harvest and post-harvest factors such as irrigation \\[[@pone.0136596.ref023]\\], salinity \\[[@pone.0136596.ref024]\\], the rootstock used \\[[@pone.0136596.ref025]\\], mulching \\[[@pone.0136596.ref026]\\] and postharvest treatments \\[[@pone.0136596.ref027]\\] such as methyl jasmonate and methyl salicylate \\[[@pone.0136596.ref028]\\].", "\n\nPlum fruits contain important secondary metabolites such as flavonoids and phenolic acids with a high antioxidant capacity \\[[@pone.0136596.ref029]\\]. ", "Phenolic compounds are primarily responsible for plums' antioxidant capacity \\[[@pone.0136596.ref030], [@pone.0136596.ref031]\\]. ", "The main group of phenolic compounds in plums are hydroxicinnamic acid derivates (chlorogenic acid, neochlorogenic acid and quercetin) \\[[@pone.0136596.ref032]\\].", "\n\nAnthocyanins are abundant in peel \\[[@pone.0136596.ref033]\\]; they are responsible for its colour \\[[@pone.0136596.ref034]\\] and are affected by factors such as tree position and shading \\[[@pone.0136596.ref035]\\]. ", "Carotenoids are natural fat-soluble pigments with an antioxidant capacity \\[[@pone.0136596.ref036]\\], the main one in plums being β-carotene, which is mainly found in peel \\[[@pone.0136596.ref037]\\].", "\n\nMaterial and Methods {#sec002}\n====================\n\nPlant material, experimental design and treatments {#sec003}\n--------------------------------------------------\n\nThe study was carried out in 2012 and 2013 in two experimental orchards located at IFAPA 'Las Torres-Tomejil' (Seville, Spain) (37°30' 48\" N; 5°57' 46\" W). ", "IFAPA is the owner of the fields used for the experiment and they are intended for research purposes. ", "Thirteen different plum cultivars were chosen ([Table 1](#pone.0136596.t001){ref-type=\"table\"}). ", "The experimental design was a total randomized design with three replicates. ", "The fertilisation applied in the organic orchards was animal manure and cover crop, while the fertilizer used in the conventional orchards is detailed in Daza et al. ", "\\[[@pone.0136596.ref038]\\]. ", "The plant protection in the conventional orchards followed integrated management guidelines.", "\n\n10.1371/journal.pone.0136596.t001\n\n###### Harvesting date and colours of peel and flesh of plum cultivars\n\n![](", "pone.0136596.t001){#pone.0136596.t001g}\n\n Genotype Colour[^1^](#t001fn001){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} Harvesting date \n -------------- ---------------------------------------------- ----------------- ------- -------\n G. Japan Yellow Yellow 28/06 25/06\n Showtime Red-Purple Yellow 19/06 21/06\n Sapphire Purple Yellow 09/07 25/06\n Santa Rosa Red Yellow 02/07 26/06\n Souvenir Red-pink Yellow 09/07 11/07\n Black Amber Dark-purple Amber 09/07 01/07\n Fortune Red Amber 26/07 17/07\n Friar Dark-purple Amber 30/07 31/08\n Primetime Dark-purple Red 24/07 15/07\n F. Larry Ann Dark Red Yellow 13/08 05/08\n Laetitia Red Orange-Yellow 20/08 05/08\n Songold Green-Yellow Yellow 27/08 06/08\n Plumlate Dark-purple Amber 17/09 02/09\n\n^1^Daza et al. ", "2012\n\nSample preparation {#sec004}\n------------------\n\nEight fruits per tree and six trees per cultivar and treatment were harvested at commercial maturity ([Table 1](#pone.0136596.t001){ref-type=\"table\"}) and transported to the laboratory for analysis. ", "Then, the flesh and pit were separated and each sample frozen in liquid nitrogen and milled. ", "Next, the plum powder was lyophilised and ground again.", "\n\nExtraction method for bioactive compounds {#sec005}\n-----------------------------------------\n\nTwo different approaches were followed for quantifying the bioactive compounds: hydrophilic and lipophilic extractions.", "\n\nFor the hydrophilic extraction, 0.1 g of freeze-dried plum fruits were mixed with 2 ml of acetone:water (50:50 v/v). ", "The mixtures were vortexed for 1 min then sonicated for 15 min and finally centrifuged at 5000 rpmfor 15 min at 4°C. ", "The supernatants were transferred to vials, stored at −80°C, and later used to analyse total phenolics, total anthocyanins, and antioxidant capacity (FRAP and ABTS).", "\n\nFor the lipophilic extraction, 0.1 g of freeze-dried plum fruits were mixed with 2 ml of acetone:hexane (4.6 v/v). ", "The mixtures were vortexed for 2 min and then centrifuged at 5000 rpm for 15 min at 4°C. ", "The supernatants were transferred to vials, stored at −80°C, and later used to analyse carotenoids and antioxidant capacity (ABTS).", "\n\nTotal anthocyanins {#sec006}\n------------------\n\nThe total anthocyanin content (TAC) was determined following the pH differential method previously described by Giusti and Wrolstad \\[[@pone.0136596.ref039]\\]. ", "The extract was diluted in a pH 1.0 solution (25mM KCl) and in a pH 4.5 solution (0.4 M CH~3~CO~2~Na). ", "The absorbance of each well was measured at 535 nm and 700 nm after 15 min at 25°C with a microplate spectrophotometer (Thermo Scientific Multiskan GO). ", "Absorbance readings were converted into total milligrams of cyanidin 3-glucoside per 100 g of dry-weight using the molar extinction coefficient of 23900. ", "The absorbance was calculated using the following equation: $$~A = ~\\left( {A_{535} - A_{700}} \\right)_{pH1.0}–\\ \\left( {A_{535} - A_{700}} \\right)_{pH\\ 4.5}{}_{}$$\n\nTotal Phenolic compounds {#sec007}\n------------------------\n\nTotal polyphenols content (TPC) was determined with the Folin-Ciocalteau reagent using the method of Slinkard and Singleton \\[[@pone.0136596.ref040]\\]. ", "First, 10 μl of the hydrophilic extract was mixed with 175 μl of distilled water and subsequently with 12 μl of Folin-Ciolcalteau reagent. ", "After 3 min, 30 μl of a 20% aqueous sodium carbonate solution were added. ", "The samples were left to stand for 1 hour and were then read at 765 nm with a spectrophotometer (previously described) and compared with a known concentration range of similarly-prepared gallic acid standards. ", "The results were expressed as milligrams of gallic acid equivalents per 100 g of fresh-weight (mg GAE/100 g FW).", "\n\nCarotenoids {#sec008}\n-----------\n\nTotal carotenoid content (TCC) was determined following the method described by Nagata and Yamashita \\[[@pone.0136596.ref041]\\]. ", "Absorbance of the lipophilic extract was measured at 453, 505, 645 and 663 nm. ", "The concentration of carotenoids was calculated with the following equation: $$ß - carotenoid~ = ~0.216~A_{663}–\\ 1.22~A_{645}–\\ 0.304~A_{505} + \\ 0.452~A_{453}{}_{}$$\n\nAntioxidant capacity {#sec009}\n--------------------\n\nThe antioxidant capacity of the hydrophilic extract was measured by the ABTS (ABTSh) and FRAP assays. ", "In the case of the lipophilic extract, the antioxidant capacity was measured only by the ABTS assay (ABTS-l).", "\n\n### ABTS^•+^ radical scavenging activity {#sec010}\n\nThe antioxidant capacity of the samples was also measured by the degree of suppression of the ABTS^•+^ radical cation produced by the reaction of ABTS^•+^ (2,2-azino-di-\\[3-ethylbenzthiazoline sulphonate\\]). ", "The data were compared with the antioxidant activity of standard amounts of Trolox.", "\n\nThe stock solution was prepared with 8 ml of water, 1 ml of acetate buffer (0.1 M, pH 5), 1 ml of ABTS (5.5 mg/ml) and a small amount of MnO~2~ (to activate the ABTS radical cation). ", "The solution was filtered through a filter of 0.45 μm to remove the excess MnO~2~. The radical reagent was prepared by diluting the stock solution with pure water to an absorbance equal to 1 measured at 414 nm. ", "Two μl of previously-diluted hydrophilic extractand 200 μl of radical reagent were added to the plate. ", "After shaking in the microplate reader, the absorbance of each well was measured at 414 nm after 50 min at 25°C with the spectrophotometer described above.", "\n\nTo measure the antioxidant capacity in the lipophilic extract, the ABTS radical cation was activated with potassium persulfate and the mixture was left to stand in the dark at room temperature for 12-16 hours before use. ", "The solution was diluted with ethanol to an absorbance of 1 at 414 nm. ", "Next, 40 μl of lipophilic extract was added to 180 μl of ABTS solution. ", "Absorbance was measured at 414 nm after 50 min at 25°C.", "\n\n### Ferric reducing antioxidant capacity (FRAP) {#sec011}\n\nThe FRAP assay was performed according to the method of Benzie and Strain \\[[@pone.0136596.ref042]\\] with some modifications. ", "In short, the FRAP reagent was prepared by mixing 0.3 M acetate buffer (pH 3.6), a solution of 10 mM TPTZ in 40 mM HCl, and 20 mM FeCl~3~6H~2~O at 10:1:1 (v/v/v). ", "Then, 2 μl of the previously diluted sample were added to the well containing 200 μl of FRAP reagent. ", "After shaking in the microplate reader, the absorbance of each well was measured at 593 nm after 40 min at 37°C with the spectrophotometer described above.", "\n\nThe antioxidant capacity (ABTS^•+^ and FRAP assays) was expressed as μmol of trolox equivalent per 100 gram of fresh weight (μmol TE/100 g FW).", "\n\nOrganic acids (*Ascorbic*, *Citric*, *Fumaric*, *Malic*, *Shikimic*, *Succinic and Tartaricacid*) {#sec012}\n-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nFreeze-dried plum (100 mg) was extracted with 3% meta-phosphoric acid in water (v/v) (3 ml). ", "The samples were refrigerated for 10 min and vortexed for 30 seconds every 5 min. ", "The samples were centrifuged at 5000 rpm for 15 min at 4°C and filtered through a 0.45 μm pore-size filter. ", "The extracts were immediately measured by UHPLC-DAD.", "\n\nThe organic acids were measured using a Dionex Ultimate 3000 UHPLC system (Thermo Scientific) equipped with a photodiode array with a multiple wavelength detector. ", "A 4.0 x 250 mm, 5 μm Acclaim organic acid column equipped with an Acclaim organic acid guard column (4.6 x 10 mm, 5 μm) was used. ", "The mobile phase consisted of 0.2% metaphosphoric acid in water adjusted to pH 2.5 using metaphosphoric acid. ", "The flow rate was 0.6 ml min^-1^ (isocratic) and the sample injection volume was 20 μl. ", "The column temperature was set at 35°C. ", "Peaks were recorded at 210 nm for malic, tartaric, citric, fumaric, shikimic and succinic acids and at 260 nm for ascorbic acid. ", "All the above mentioned organic acids were identified and quantified using an external calibration curve prepared with authentic standards and the concentrations expressed as mg/100 g of fresh weight (FW).", "\n\nThe total organic acids content (TOAC) was determined, calculated as the sum of the individual compounds.", "\n\nStatistical analysis {#sec013}\n--------------------\n\nThe statistical analysis was performed using Statistix software (v. 9.0). ", "Values are given as means. ", "The data were subjected to an analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by a comparison of means according to the least significant difference (LSD) test. ", "Differences at P\\<0.05 were considered to be statistically significant.", "\n\nResults and Discussion {#sec014}\n======================\n\nEffect of cultivation system {#sec015}\n----------------------------\n\nThe organic plums had a higher antioxidant capacity (ABTS-h, ABTS-l and FRAP assays), TPC and TAC than the conventional ones ([Table 2](#pone.0136596.t002){ref-type=\"table\"}). ", "The values differed by between 5--10%. ", "TCC was not affected by the method of cultivation.", "\n\n10.1371/journal.pone.0136596.t002\n\n###### Effects of cultivation system, genotype and year of harvest on the anthocyanins, polyphenols, antioxidant capacity, and carotenoids of plums.", "\n\n![](", "pone.0136596.t002){#pone.0136596.t002g}\n\n Hydrophilic extraction Lipophilic extraction \n ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------\n **Cultivation system (CS)** \n Conventional 6.21 b 139.3 b 1158 b 1353 b 5.41 b 0.18\n Organic 7.30 a 150.8 a 1253 a 1495 a 5.93 a 0.19\n *Significance* [\\*](#t002fn002){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} [\\*\\*\\*](#t002fn004){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} [\\*\\*\\*](#t002fn004){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} [\\*\\*\\*](#t002fn004){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} [\\*\\*](#t002fn003){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} ns\n **Genotype (G)** \n G. Japan \\- 71.7 h 552 f 615 h 5.15 de 0.14 de\n Showtime 4.25 cd 255.7 a 2651 a 2375 a 5.65 cd 0.28 b\n Sapphire 2.10 def 128.1 ef 1057 cd 1125 efg 3.85 f 0.14 de\n Santa Rosa 2.72 def 93.2 g 665 f 775 h 3.90 f 0.13 de\n Souvenir 0.55 f 118.2 f 943 de 1018 g 6.00 cd 0.26 b\n Black Amber 29.82 a 150.2 d 1168 c 2023 b 5.60 cd 0.21 c\n Fortune 2.21 def 139.5 de 1164 c 1334 d 7.21 b 0.21 c\n Friar 18.17 b 199.4 b 1485 b 2076 b 5.97 cd 0.16 d\n Primetime 6.40 c 177.8 c 1489 b 1913 b 4.62 ef 0.07 f\n F. Larry Ann 3.12 de 129.4 ef 1144 c 1295 de 6.31bc 0.35 a\n Laetitia 0.70 ef 119.2 f 884 e 1089 fg 5.36 de 0.11 e\n Songold \\- 169.3 c 1370 b 1627 c 8.38 a 0.33 a\n Plumlate 4.25 cd 134.2def 1099 c 1247 def 5.76 cd 0.07 f\n *Significance* [\\*\\*\\*](#t002fn004){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} [\\*\\*\\*](#t002fn004){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} [\\*\\*\\*](#t002fn004){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} [\\*\\*\\*](#t002fn004){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} [\\*\\*\\*](#t002fn004){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} [\\*\\*\\*](#t002fn004){ref-type=\"table-fn\"}\n **Year (Y)** \n 2012 4.75 b 133.1 b 1163 b 1265 b 5.44 b 0.22 a\n 2013 8.76 a 157.0 a 1248 a 1583 a 5.91 a 0.16 b\n *Significance* [\\*\\*\\*](#t002fn004){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} [\\*\\*\\*](#t002fn004){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} [\\*\\*\\*](#t002fn004){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} [\\*\\*\\*](#t002fn004){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} [\\*](#t002fn002){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} [\\*\\*\\*](#t002fn004){ref-type=\"table-fn\"}\n **G\\*CS** ns ns Ns ns Ns ns\n **G\\*Y** [\\*\\*\\*](#t002fn004){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} [\\*\\*\\*](#t002fn004){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} [\\*\\*\\*](#t002fn004){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} [\\*\\*\\*](#t002fn004){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} [\\*\\*\\*](#t002fn004){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} [\\*\\*\\*](#t002fn004){ref-type=\"table-fn\"}\n **CS\\*Y** ns ns [\\*](#t002fn002){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} [\\*](#t002fn002){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} Ns ns\n **G\\*Y\\*CS** ns ns Ns ns [\\*](#t002fn002){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} ns\n\nTAC = Total anthocyanins content, TPC = total polyphenolic content, ABTS-h = ABTS antioxidant capacity assay on hydrophilic extraction, FRAP = FRAP antioxidant capacity assay on hydrophilic extraction, ABTS-l = ABTS antioxidant assay in lipophilic extraction and TCC = total carotenoid content. ", "Means with different letters in the same column present significant differences. ", "Significance level: ns = non significant,\n\n\\* = *P* \\<0.05,\n\n\\*\\* = *P* \\<0.01,\n\n\\*\\*\\* = *P* \\<0.001\n\nSeveral publications have shown that lower nitrogen application results in a higher accumulation of phenolic compounds, whereas higher levels of nitrogen fertilization promote the formation of carotenoids and chlorophylls \\[[@pone.0136596.ref043]\\]. ", "The first is in agreement with our data (TAC, TPC), while the latter would suggest a higher TCC value in conventional plums. ", "However, other authors \\[[@pone.0136596.ref044]\\] observed that the TCC is highly temperature dependent and this could be the reason for the results obtained.", "\n\nOrganic growing systems are related to a certain level of stress (restricted and limited use of pesticides and fertilizers), which could lead to the accumulation of secondary metabolites responsible for plant defence \\[[@pone.0136596.ref007], [@pone.0136596.ref045]\\]. ", "The most important secondary metabolites in plums are polyphenols \\[[@pone.0136596.ref032]\\], whose content commonly increases in stressful conditions, as was observed in the samples analyzed. ", "Shikimic acid is the precursor of phenylalanine \\[[@pone.0136596.ref046]\\], and therefore precursor of the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis \\[[@pone.0136596.ref047]\\]. ", "In our case, a higher amount of shikimic acid and TPC were found in the organic orchards. ", "These results were in agreement with the literature published in Prunus genus \\[[@pone.0136596.ref008]\\] and other fruits \\[[@pone.0136596.ref048], [@pone.0136596.ref049], [@pone.0136596.ref050], [@pone.0136596.ref051]\\].", "\n\nOrganic acids have an important role in cell metabolism and also contribute to the final quality of fresh fruit. ", "Seven organic acids were identified and quantified: malic, citric, tartaric, fumaric, succinic, ascorbic and shikimic acids. ", "We found many publications about ascorbic acid and plums \\[[@pone.0136596.ref037], [@pone.0136596.ref052], [@pone.0136596.ref053], [@pone.0136596.ref054]\\] and prunes \\[[@pone.0136596.ref055]\\] while deeper studies regarding overall study of organic acids in *Prunus salicina* L. \\[[@pone.0136596.ref056]\\] were scarce.", "\n\nIn our case, the plums cultivated in an organic system obtained higher values for TOAC (1475 mg/100g FW vs1409 mg/100g FW for conventional ones), therefore, the production system was shown to have a significant effect ([Table 3](#pone.0136596.t003){ref-type=\"table\"}). ", "Additionally, the plums grown under organic conditions showed significantly higher concentrations of malic, succinic, tartaric and shikimic acids. ", "Other organic acids, such as citric, ascorbic and fumaric acid, were not affected by the cultivation system. ", "Regarding this results, Lombardi et al \\[[@pone.0136596.ref015]\\] did not find differences in citric and malic acid content on *Prunus domestica* L. between organic and conventional orchards. ", "These results are partly in agreement with the data we obtained. ", "This fact could be related with the difference between the two species under study (*Prunus salicina* L. and *Prunus domestica* L.).", "\n\n10.1371/journal.pone.0136596.t003\n\n###### Effects of cultivation system, genotype and year of harvest on the malic, citric, ascorbic, succinic, tartaric, fumaric, shikimic and total organic acids content in plums.", "\n\n![](", "pone.0136596.t003){#pone.0136596.t003g}\n\n Ascorbic acid Citric acid Fumaric acid Malic acid Shikimic acid Succinic acid Tartaric acid Total organic acids\n ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------\n **Cultivation system (CS)** \n Conventional 1.62 24.12 0.49 1313 b 3.65 b 5.84 b 60.18 b 1409 b\n Organic 1.66 24.00 0.50 1369 a 3.90 a 7.01 a 67.67 a 1475 a\n *Significance* ns ns ns [\\*\\*](#t003fn003){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} [\\*\\*\\*](#t003fn004){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} [\\*](#t003fn002){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} [\\*\\*\\*](#t003fn004){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} [\\*\\*\\*](#t003fn004){ref-type=\"table-fn\"}\n **Genotype (G)** \n Golden Japan 1.48 de 22.80 cde 0.27 f 1662 c 2.68 e 15.21 a 48.68 efgh 1754c\n Showtime 2.02 bc 38.16 a 0.68 c 2169 a 3.30 d 4.84 def 85.30 c 2304 a\n Sapphire 2.49 a 20.67 e 1.24 a 1224 efg 3.27 d 2.33 f 32.02 i 1286 fg\n Santa Rosa 1.47 de 23.22 cd 0.38 de 1804 b 3.33 d 2.85 f 41.45 h 1877 b\n Souvenir 1.26 ef 23.74 c 0.27 f 1469 d 3.71 c 7.92 bc 55.34 e 1562 d\n Black amber 2.29 ab 21.33 de 0.28 ef 1179 fg 4.75 a 8.50 b 53.51 ef 1270 g\n Fortune 1.79 c 22.67 cde 0.62 c 1280 e 3.85 bc 4.14 def 97.15 b 1410 e\n Friar 2.13 b 28.34 b 0.83 b 1216 efg 4.92 a 6.70 bcd 107.2 a 1367 ef\n Primetime 1.73 cd 21.93 cde 0.38 de 1236 ef 4.12 b 5.83 cde 46.50 fgh 1316 fg\n F. Larry Ann 1.50 de 23.79 c 0.40 d 1181fg 4.97 a 4.55 def 72.58 d 1289 fg\n Laetitia 0.73 g 13.19 f 0.31 def 1055 h 2.84 e 3.32 ef 45.53 gh 1120 h\n Songold 1.06 f 29.02 b 0.37 def 1151g 3.39 d 9.00 b 50.42 efg 1245 g\n Plumlate 1.38 e 23.90 c 0.36 def 810 i 3.95 bc 8.30 bcd 95.36 b 943 i\n *Significance* [\\*\\*\\*](#t003fn004){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} [\\*\\*](#t003fn003){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} [\\*\\*\\*](#t003fn004){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} [\\*\\*\\*](#t003fn004){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} [\\*\\*\\*](#t003fn004){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} [\\*\\*\\*](#t003fn004){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} [\\*\\*\\*](#t003fn004){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} [\\*\\*\\*](#t003fn004){ref-type=\"table-fn\"}\n **Year (Y)** \n 2012 1.75 a 24.89 a 0.57 a 1233 b 3.88 a 5.05 b 54.61 b 1324 b\n 2013 1.53 b 23.22 b 0.42 b 1450a 3.67 b 7.80 a 73.23 a 1560 a\n *Significance* [\\*\\*\\*](#t003fn004){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} [\\*\\*\\*](#t003fn004){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} [\\*\\*\\*](#t003fn004){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} [\\*\\*\\*](#t003fn004){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} [\\*\\*\\*](#t003fn004){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} [\\*\\*\\*](#t003fn004){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} [\\*\\*\\*](#t003fn004){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} [\\*\\*\\*](#t003fn004){ref-type=\"table-fn\"}\n **G x CS** ns ns ns [\\*](#t003fn002){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} ns ns ns [\\*](#t003fn002){ref-type=\"table-fn\"}\n **G x Y** [\\*\\*\\*](#t003fn004){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} [\\*\\*\\*](#t003fn004){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} [\\*\\*\\*](#t003fn004){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} [\\*\\*\\*](#t003fn004){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} [\\*\\*\\*](#t003fn004){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} [\\*\\*\\*](#t003fn004){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} [\\*\\*\\*](#t003fn004){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} [\\*\\*\\*](#t003fn004){ref-type=\"table-fn\"}\n **CS x Y** ns [\\*\\*\\*](#t003fn004){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} ns ns ns ns ns ns\n **G x Y x CS** ns [\\*\\*](#t003fn003){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} ns [\\*\\*](#t003fn003){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} ns ns [\\*](#t003fn002){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} [\\*\\*](#t003fn003){ref-type=\"table-fn\"}\n\nUnit = mg/100 g fresh weight. ", "Means with different letters in the same column present significant differences. ", "Significance level:ns = non significant,\n\n\\* = *P* \\<0.05,\n\n\\*\\* = *P* \\<0.01,\n\n\\*\\*\\* = *P* \\<0.001\n\nStressful conditions such as water supply \\[[@pone.0136596.ref057]\\], soil conditions \\[[@pone.0136596.ref058]\\], etc., ", "could lead to a higher amount of organic acids in plums, depending on tree responses. ", "Several authors \\[[@pone.0136596.ref059]\\] suggests that higher amounts of nitrogen fertilization lead to a reduction in ascorbic acid concentration in many fruits \\[[@pone.0136596.ref060], [@pone.0136596.ref061]\\] and vegetables \\[[@pone.0136596.ref062], [@pone.0136596.ref063]\\], which is in contrast with the results obtained in our research where no differences were found between the organic and conventional cultivation methods, in which fertilization was very different. ", "This controversial matter is supported by other publications in which similar results to ours were found \\[[@pone.0136596.ref062], [@pone.0136596.ref064], [@pone.0136596.ref065], [@pone.0136596.ref066]\\]\n\nEffect of genotype {#sec016}\n------------------\n\nSignificant differences in the phytochemical content were found among different plum genotypes and the biosynthesis of phytochemical compounds in plants is known to be strongly influenced by genotype \\[[@pone.0136596.ref067]\\]. ", "\\'Showtime\\' showed the highest values for TPC, ABTS-h, FRAP among all the cultivars as well as a high TCC. ", "\\'Songold\\' recorded the highest values for carotenoids and ABTS-l. \\'Golden Japan\\' and \\'Santa Rosa\\' presented the lowest values for ABTS-h and FRAP. ", "\\'Golden Japan\\' also had the lowest TPC. ", "\\'Black amber\\' was the cultivar with the highest anthocyanin content, followed by \\'Friar\\', both of these having dark purple skin. ", "The quantification of TAC was feasible for all the cultivars studied except for \\'Songold\\' and \\'Golden Japan\\', cultivars with yellow skin and flesh.", "\n\n\\'Golden Japan\\' was previously characterized as a cultivar with a low antioxidant capacity \\[[@pone.0136596.ref068]\\], in agreement with our results; while \\'Showtime\\' presented the highest (2650.6 μmol ET/100 g FW) antioxidant capacity. ", "These results showed an important genotype effect in the sample of plums under study.", "\n\nThere were significant differences among cultivars in TOAC ([Table 3](#pone.0136596.t003){ref-type=\"table\"}). ", "The highest values were measured for the 'Showtime' cultivar (2304 mg/100g FW) followed by \\'Santa Rosa\\' (1877 mg/100g FW), and the lowest ones were found for \\'Plumlate\\' (943 mg/100g FW).", "\n\nMalic acid was the major contributor to the TOAC with a range between 86--96% depending on the cultivar. ", "These findings were in agreement with Singh et al. ", "\\[[@pone.0136596.ref056]\\]. ", "Tartaric acid was the second most abundant organic acid followed by citric, succinic, shikimic, ascorbic and fumaric acids.", "\n\n'Showtime' was the cultivar with the highest content of malic and citric acids, both related to sour taste. ", "The highest concentrations for ascorbic acid were found for the \\'Sapphire\\' and \\'Black amber\\' cultivars.", "\n\nThe TOAC data found in our study were consistent with the literature \\[[@pone.0136596.ref056]\\] and differences in the TOAC between cultivars were also previously described \\[[@pone.0136596.ref069]\\]. ", "Ascorbic acid content in plums is low \\[[@pone.0136596.ref037], [@pone.0136596.ref070]\\] so its contribution to their antioxidant capacity is practically negligible.", "\n\nYear effect {#sec017}\n-----------\n\nThe plums harvested in 2013 showed a significantly higher TPC, TAC, and antioxidant capacity (ABTS-h, FRAP and ABTS-l), while those harvested in 2012 showed significant higher TCC values ([Table 2](#pone.0136596.t002){ref-type=\"table\"}). ", "Regarding organic acids, the plums harvested in 2013 showed higher values for TOAC, malic, succinic and tartaric acids, while higher values for citric, ascorbic, fumaric and shikimic acids were found for the samples harvested in 2012 ([Table 3](#pone.0136596.t003){ref-type=\"table\"}).", "\n\nMany parameters are involved in the factor 'year', such as plant nutrient imbalances, irrigation, crop load, fruit canopy position and environmental parameters \\[[@pone.0136596.ref071]\\].", "\n\nClimate data were studied to identify the influence of environmental conditions on phytochemical compounds during the two years under study. ", "The main difference observed between the two years was the value for the total radiation (TR). ", "In 2012, TR was between 3 and 8% higher (mean monthly values) than in 2013.", "\n\nThe mechanism of carotenoid biosynthesis has been shown to be light-dependent \\[[@pone.0136596.ref072]\\], which may explain our results, which show greater carotenoid biosynthesis in 2012 ([Table 2](#pone.0136596.t002){ref-type=\"table\"}).", "\n\nOther studies involving plums ('Laetitia' and 'Songold') found that fruit grown under reduced light conditions were consistently less mature than those exposed to full sunlight \\[[@pone.0136596.ref073]\\]. ", "In our study, a higher content of organic acids was found in 2013, the year with a lower total radiation. ", "Thus, the lower radiation found in 2013 could have produced less mature plums and therefore a higher content of organic acids.", "\n\nInteraction effects {#sec018}\n-------------------\n\nAll the cultivars studied had higher bioactive compounds content in organic cultivation system while 'cultivation system and genotype' interaction was not significant for TAC, TPC, ABTS-l and TCC ([Table 2](#pone.0136596.t002){ref-type=\"table\"}). ", "This means that cultivation system affected above mentioned measurements in the same way for all studied cultivars.", "\n\nThe \\'genotype x year\\' interaction was significant and therefore, the genotype responses to the environmental factors (year effect) were different. '", "Golden Japan' showed different concentrations of all the parameters studied in both years. ", "Therefore, the bioactive compounds of the 'Golden Japan' cultivar were mainly affected by environmental conditions. ", "Hydrophilic bioactive compounds for 'Fortune', 'Plumlate', 'Sapphire' and 'Santa Rosa' were not significantly different in both years and 'Black Amber' demonstrated the same behaviour for the lipophilic extract and carotenoid content ([S1 Table](#pone.0136596.s001){ref-type=\"supplementary-material\"}).", "\n\nThe \\'cultivation system x year\\' interaction was significant for the FRAP assay and ABTS-h. In this case, the plums harvested in 2013 showed no significant differences between both growing systems, but the organic plums in 2012 showed a higher antioxidant capacity than the conventional ones ([S1 Table](#pone.0136596.s001){ref-type=\"supplementary-material\"}).", "\n\nCorrelations {#sec019}\n------------\n\nHigh correlations ([S2 Table](#pone.0136596.s002){ref-type=\"supplementary-material\"}) between TPC and both antioxidant assays were observed (r^2^ ≈ 0.89 for both). ", "Similar results were previously reported in plums \\[[@pone.0136596.ref032], [@pone.0136596.ref037], [@pone.0136596.ref074]\\].", "\n\nNo correlation between TPC and TAC (R^2^ = 0,401) was found. ", "Previous studies observed that TAC and TPC were not well correlated in other fruits with high TAC and TPC values \\[[@pone.0136596.ref075]\\].", "\n\nMoreover, the ascorbic acid content did not correlate well with different antioxidant capacity assays ([S2 Table](#pone.0136596.s002){ref-type=\"supplementary-material\"}), so polyphenols compounds (TPC) make the biggest contribution to the antioxidant capacity of plums.", "\n\nThe results of the FRAP and ABTS-h assays show a linear correlation (R^2^ = 0.794, *P*\\<0.001, N = 156), so both methods may be used indistinctly to evaluate the antioxidant activity in these type of fruits.", "\n\nConclusions {#sec020}\n===========\n\nOrganic plum samples were found to have higher values of TAC, TPC and antioxidant capacity than conventional ones while no differences in TCC were found. ", "The main bioactive compounds contributing to the total antioxidant capacity of plums are phenols. ", "Genotype significantly affected the content of different bioactive compounds. '", "Showtime' had the highest TPC values and 'Golden Japan' and 'Santa Rosa' the lowest.", "\n\nIn conclusion, the organic growing system produced plums with a higher content of bioactive compounds, in addition to a lower impact on the environment.", "\n\nSupporting Information {#sec021}\n======================\n\n###### ANOVA interactions between cultivation system, genotype and year factors, and effects on total anthocyanins, polyphenols, antioxidant capacity and carotenoids values.", "\n\nMeans with different letters in the same column show significant differences. ", "P\\<0.05. ", "TAC = Total anthocyanins content. ", "TPC = Total polyphenols content. ", "ABTS-h = ABTS hydrophilic extract. ", "TCC = Total carotenoids content. ", "ABTS-l = ABTS lipophilic extract. ", "CS: Cultivation system. ", "G: genotype. ", "Y: year.", "\n\n(DOCX)\n\n###### \n\nClick here for additional data file.", "\n\n###### Pearson\\'s correlation coefficients of hydrophilic extraction assays (TAC,TPC, ABTS-h, FRAP), lipophilic extraction assays (ABTS-l and TCC) and organic acids values.", "\n\n^ns^ = non significant, \\* = significant *P* \\<0.05, \\*\\* = significant *P* \\<0.01, \\*\\*\\* = significant *P* \\<0.001.", "\n\n(DOCX)\n\n###### \n\nClick here for additional data file.", "\n\n[^1]: **Competing Interests:**The authors have declared that no competing interest exist.", "\n\n[^2]: Conceived and designed the experiments: JMMR FTA MJRM. ", "Performed the experiments: FJC IP JMMR MJRM FTA LFPR JCM. ", "Analyzed the data: FJC IP JMMR MJRM FTA. ", "Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: FJC IP JCM. ", "Wrote the paper: FJC IP FTA JMMR.", "\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Central" }

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[ "Q:\n\nReact-Native: Re-render App on state change (change in authentication state)\n\nCurrently, I'm checking if the user is authorized during app start and based on the result, I display the app. ", "\nHowever, the user may sign in or sign out while using the app and I want to re-render the app in those cases so that my logic stays at one place (ie at app start).", "\nIs there a way to achieve that? ", "\n\nA:\n\nBy default, when an state changes, render function will call again. ", "you can change render function based on an state and then when that state changed, the view has changes... for example:\nrender() {\n return (\n <View>\n {\n this.state.authorized == true ?", "\n <Text>authorized</Text>\n :\n <Text>unauthorized!</Text>\n }\n </View>\n )\n}\n\nso when this.state.authorized changes, render function shows different view based on state.", "\nBut if you want to restart the app on state change, you can use React Native Restart package and restart app when you want. ", "There is no way to restart your app on every state change because there is many state changes in RN lifecycle and your app will restart frequently. ", "I hope it will help you.", "\n\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "StackExchange" }

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[ "Kevin Youkilis, left, of the Red Sox charged the mound and tackled Detroit pitcher Rick Porcello after being hit by a pitch in the second inning of Tuesday night's game at Fenway Park. ", "Tigers first baseman Ryan Raburn tried to get in the middle, but Youkilis took Porcello to the ground." ]

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[ "The Navy is reporting 950 sailors have tested positive for COVID-19, and a second sailor from USS Theodore Roosevelt (CVN-71) has been admitted into the intensive care unit at Naval Hospital Guam, the service announced on Tuesday.", "\n\nThe outbreak on the carrier is the epicenter of the Navy’s COVID-19 fight, with 589 cases reported from the crew of 4,800. ", "In addition to the sailor in ICU, three other sailors from the crew are in the hospital. ", "As of Tuesday, 93 percent of the crew has been tested for the virus, with 3,922 negative results. ", "4,024 sailors have been moved to shore on Guam and are in various stages of a 14-day isolation period in hotels and spare rooms across the island. ", "The service suffered its first death from the virus on Monday, after a Roosevelt sailor who had been hospitalized since April 9 died of complications from the virus. ", "In total, cases on the carrier account for 62 percent of the reported cases in the Navy.", "\n\nIn Los Angeles, seven sailors assigned to USNS Mercy (T-AH-19) have tested positive for the virus and have been quarantined off the hospital ship, according to the service.", "\n\n“All who were considered to have been in close contact with those crewmembers remain in quarantine off the ship and have tested negative for COVID-19 with the exception of one crewmember who was the fifth confirmed positive case,” reads a statement from the service.", "\n\n“The ship is following protocols and taking every precaution to ensure the health and safety of all crewmembers and patients on board. ", "This will not affect the ability for Mercy to receive patients at this time.”", "\n\nMercy and sister ship USNS Comfort (T-AH-20), currently in New York, have begun treating COVID-19 patients as an adjunct to local hospital systems, the Pentagon announced last week.", "\n\nThe rise in cases in the Navy comes as the service is struggling to keep ship crews healthy and limit the damage the virus can do to operations.", "\n\nThe chief concern is lack of testing that makes it difficult to isolate positive cases and separate them from the rest of a ship’s crew. ", "The problem is made more difficult as many carriers of the COVID-19 virus don’t develop symptoms. ", "Of the 585 cases on Roosevelt, about 400 were found to be asymptomatic.", "\n\n“What we’ve learned, certainly in the Navy, is that with regard to COVID-19, we’re learning that stealth in the form of asymptomatic transmission is this adversary’s secret power,” Rear Adm. Bruce Gillingham, the surgeon general of the Navy, said during a briefing last week. “", "We recognize despite really our best efforts we’re going to have to learn how to operate with the virus.”", "\n\nOn Monday, the service took the extraordinary step of keeping the Harry S. Truman Carrier Strike Group at sea in the Atlantic in a move to keep the crews of USS Harry S. Truman (CVN-75), its escorts and Carrier Air Wing 1 healthy in case they need to surge for military operations. ", "While Truman deployed in November, its escorts have been at sea since September, when the carrier was held back from deploying due to maintenance concern. ", "U.S. 2nd Fleet Commander Vice Adm. Andrew Lewis, interviewed by USNI News, did not say when the ship may return to port but hinted it could be weeks.", "\n\nOn the West Coast, the crews of carrier USS Nimitz (CVN-68), its escorts and Carrier Air Wing 17 are nearing the end of a 14-day isolation period before heading to sea for pre-deployment training in order to control the spread of the virus.", "\n\nWhile the Navy wouldn’t comment on future operations of the strike group, USNI News understands the strike group may not come back into port before leaving for its planned deployment after completing at-sea training." ]

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[ "Q:\n\nputting spaces within text block\n\nI have a block of text that I would like to automatically break in blocks of equal length. ", "Something like what \\num does with numbers.", "\nWhat I need is a definition for what I called \\makeBlocks. ", "The MWE below should output: aaaaa bbbbb ccccc ddddd followed by abc def ghi\n\\documentclass{article}\n\n\\newcommand{\\makeBlocks}[1]{???}", "\n\n\\begin{document}\n\\makeBlocks{5}{aaaaabbbbbcccccddddd} \nfollowed by\n\\makeBlocks{3}{abcdefghi}\n\\end{document}\n\nA:\n\nHere's an implementation with l3regex:\n\\documentclass{article}\n\\usepackage{xparse,l3regex}\n\\ExplSyntaxOn\n\n\\NewDocumentCommand\\makeBlocks{mm}\n {\n \\geoff_makeblocks:nn { #1 } { #2 }\n }\n\n\\tl_new:N \\l_geoff_blocks_input_tl\n\n\\cs_new_protected:Npn \\geoff_makeblocks:nn #1 #2\n {\n \\tl_set:Nn \\l_geoff_blocks_input_tl { #2 }\n %\\tl_reverse:N \\l_geoff_blocks_input_tl\n \\regex_replace_all:nnN { (.{0,#1}) } { \\1 \\c{,} } \\l_geoff_blocks_input_tl\n \\regex_replace_once:nnN { \\c{,} \\c{,} \\Z } { } \\l_geoff_blocks_input_tl\n %\\tl_reverse:N \\l_geoff_blocks_input_tl\n \\tl_use:N \\l_geoff_blocks_input_tl\n }\n\n\\ExplSyntaxOff\n\n\\begin{document}\n\n\\makeBlocks{3}{abcdef}\n\n\\makeBlocks{3}{abcdefg}\n\n\\makeBlocks{3}{abcdefghi}\n\n\\makeBlocks{5}{aaaaabbbbbccccc}\n\n\\end{document}\n\nThis counts starting from the left. ", "If you want to start counting from the right, just reverse twice the token list, by uncommenting the two \\tl_reverse:N lines. ", "Here's what you'd get:\n\nIf you want a normal space between blocks, just change the two \\regex lines into\n\\regex_replace_all:nnN { (.{0,#1}) } { \\1 \\cS\\ } \\l_geoff_blocks_input_tl\n\\regex_replace_once:nnN { \\cS. \\cS. \\Z } { } \\l_geoff_blocks_input_tl\n\nA “full featured” macro that starts either from left or from right (this with the *-variant) and accepts the separator as optional argument (default a space).", "\n\\documentclass{article}\n\\usepackage{xparse,l3regex}\n\\ExplSyntaxOn\n\n\\NewDocumentCommand\\makeBlocks{s O{~} m m }\n {\n \\IfBooleanTF{#1}\n {\n \\geoff_makeblocks:nnnn { #2 } { #3 } { #4 } { \\__geoff_from_right: }\n }\n {\n \\geoff_makeblocks:nnnn { #2 } { #3 } { #4 } { }\n }\n }\n\n\\tl_new:N \\l_geoff_blocks_input_tl\n\\tl_new:N \\l_geoff_block_separator_tl\n\n\\cs_new_protected:Npn \\geoff_makeblocks:nnnn #1 #2 #3 #4\n {\n \\tl_set:Nn \\l_geoff_block_separator_tl { #1 }\n \\tl_set:Nn \\l_geoff_blocks_input_tl { #3 }\n\n #4 % this will be nothing or \\tl_reverse:N \\l_geoff_blocks_input_tl\n\n % search blocks of #2 tokens and put the separator after them\n \\regex_replace_all:nnN\n { (.{#2}) } % search\n { \\1 \\u{l_geoff_block_separator_tl} } % replace\n \\l_geoff_blocks_input_tl % in this list\n\n % if the number of tokens is a multiple of #2, one too much\n % separator is inserted, remove it\n \\regex_replace_once:nnN\n { \\u{l_geoff_block_separator_tl} \\Z } % search\n { } % replace\n \\l_geoff_blocks_input_tl % in this list\n\n #4\n\n \\tl_use:N \\l_geoff_blocks_input_tl\n }\n\n\\cs_new:Npn \\__geoff_from_right:\n {\n \\tl_reverse:N \\l_geoff_blocks_input_tl\n }\n\n\\ExplSyntaxOff\n\n\\begin{document}\n\nFrom left: \\makeBlocks{3}{abcdef}\n\nFrom left: \\makeBlocks{3}{abcdefg}\n\nFrom right: \\makeBlocks*{3}{abcdefgh}\n\nWith different separator: \\makeBlocks[ x ]{3}{abcdefghi}\n\nWith different number: \\makeBlocks{5}{aaaaabbbbbccccc}\n\n\\end{document}\n\nA:\n\nYou could use the xstring package:\n\nNotes:\n\nThis is an enhanced version of the solution at Using \\newcommand to format numbers/strings according to a pattern.", "\nThere is a limit in this code of 400 characters, so please adjust the ending value of the \\foreach as desired.", "\nBy default the split is done from the left. ", "If you desire the split to be from the right, you need to pass in the first optional parameter with something other than L.\nThe separator is defined in \\Separator so a simple \\renewcommand would allow you to change that.", "\n\nCode:\n\\documentclass{article}\n\\usepackage{xstring}\n\\usepackage{pgf,pgffor}\n\n\\newcommand*{\\StringLength}{}%\n\\newcommand*{\\FirstOutputStringLength}{}%\n\\newcommand*{\\TempStringA}{}%\n\\newcommand*{\\TempStringB}{}%\n\\newcommand*{\\Separator}{\\,}%\n\\newcommand*{\\makeBlocks}[3][L]{%\n \\edef\\TempStringA{#3}%\n \\IfStrEq{#1}{L}{%\n \\foreach \\x in {1,...,100} {%\n \\StrLeft{\\TempStringA}{#2}%\n \\StrGobbleLeft{\\TempStringA}{#2}[\\TempStringB]%\n \\xdef\\TempStringA{\\TempStringB}%\n \\IfStrEq{\\TempStringA}{}{\\breakforeach}{\\Separator}%\n }%\n }{%\n \\StrLen{\\TempStringA}[\\StringLength]%\n \\IfEq{\\StringLength}{0}{}{%\n \\pgfmathtruncatemacro{\\FirstOutputStringLength}{mod(\\StringLength,#2)}%\n \\IfEq{\\FirstOutputStringLength}{0}{%\n \\xdef\\TempStringB{\\TempStringA}%\n }{%\n \\StrLeft{\\TempStringA}{\\FirstOutputStringLength}\\Separator%\n \\StrGobbleLeft{\\TempStringA}{\\FirstOutputStringLength}[\\TempStringB]%\n }%\n }%\n \\makeBlocks[L]{#2}{\\TempStringB}%\n }%\n}\n\\begin{document}\n\\begin{tabular}{cll}\n Num of Char & \\multicolumn{1}{c}{Left} & \\multicolumn{1}{c}{Right} \\\\\n 5 & \\makeBlocks{5}{AB1234567890} & \\makeBlocks[R]{5}{AB1234567890}\\\\\n 5 & \\makeBlocks{5}{AB123456789} & \\makeBlocks[R]{5}{AB123456789}\\\\\n 5 & \\makeBlocks{5}{AB12345678} & \\makeBlocks[R]{5}{AB12345678}\\\\\n 5 & \\makeBlocks{5}{AB1234567} & \\makeBlocks[R]{5}{AB1234567}\\\\\n 5 & \\makeBlocks{5}{AB12} & \\makeBlocks[R]{5}{AB12}\\\\\n 5 & \\makeBlocks{5}{AB} & \\makeBlocks[R]{5}{AB}\\\\\n 5 & \\makeBlocks{5}{A} & \\makeBlocks[R]{5}{A}\\\\ [2.0ex]\n 4 & \\makeBlocks{4}{AB1234567890} & \\makeBlocks[R]{4}{AB1234567890}\\\\\n 3 & \\makeBlocks{3}{AB123456789} & \\makeBlocks[R]{3}{AB123456789}\\\\\n 2 & \\makeBlocks{2}{AB12345678} & \\makeBlocks[R]{2}{AB12345678}\\\\\n 1 & \\makeBlocks{1}{AB1234567} & \\makeBlocks[R]{1}{AB1234567}\\\\\n\\end{tabular}\n\n\\bigskip\n\\renewcommand{\\Separator}{-}%\nWith different separator: \n\n\\makeBlocks{4}{AB1234567890}\n\n\\makeBlocks{1}{AB1234567890}\n\n\\end{document}\n\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "StackExchange" }

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[ "/*\n * TXx9 SPI controller driver.", "\n *\n * Based on linux/arch/mips/tx4938/toshiba_rbtx4938/spi_txx9.c\n * Copyright (C) 2000-2001 Toshiba Corporation\n *\n * 2003-2005 (c) MontaVista Software, Inc. This file is licensed under the\n * terms of the GNU General Public License version 2. ", "This program is\n * licensed \"as is\" without any warranty of any kind, whether express\n * or implied.", "\n *\n * Support for TX4938 in 2.6 - Manish Lachwani (mlachwani@mvista.com)\n *\n * Convert to generic SPI framework - Atsushi Nemoto (anemo@mba.ocn.ne.jp)\n */\n#include <linux/init.h>\n#include <linux/delay.h>\n#include <linux/errno.h>\n#include <linux/interrupt.h>\n#include <linux/platform_device.h>\n#include <linux/sched.h>\n#include <linux/spinlock.h>\n#include <linux/workqueue.h>\n#include <linux/spi/spi.h>\n#include <linux/err.h>\n#include <linux/clk.h>\n#include <linux/io.h>\n#include <linux/module.h>\n#include <asm/gpio.h>\n\n\n#define SPI_FIFO_SIZE 4\n#define SPI_MAX_DIVIDER 0xff\t/* Max. ", "value for SPCR1.SER */\n#define SPI_MIN_DIVIDER 1\t/* Min. ", "value for SPCR1.SER */\n\n#define TXx9_SPMCR\t\t0x00\n#define TXx9_SPCR0\t\t0x04\n#define TXx9_SPCR1\t\t0x08\n#define TXx9_SPFS\t\t0x0c\n#define TXx9_SPSR\t\t0x14\n#define TXx9_SPDR\t\t0x18\n\n/* SPMCR : SPI Master Control */\n#define TXx9_SPMCR_OPMODE\t0xc0\n#define TXx9_SPMCR_CONFIG\t0x40\n#define TXx9_SPMCR_ACTIVE\t0x80\n#define TXx9_SPMCR_SPSTP\t0x02\n#define TXx9_SPMCR_BCLR\t\t0x01\n\n/* SPCR0 : SPI Control 0 */\n#define TXx9_SPCR0_TXIFL_MASK\t0xc000\n#define TXx9_SPCR0_RXIFL_MASK\t0x3000\n#define TXx9_SPCR0_SIDIE\t0x0800\n#define TXx9_SPCR0_SOEIE\t0x0400\n#define TXx9_SPCR0_RBSIE\t0x0200\n#define TXx9_SPCR0_TBSIE\t0x0100\n#define TXx9_SPCR0_IFSPSE\t0x0010\n#define TXx9_SPCR0_SBOS\t\t0x0004\n#define TXx9_SPCR0_SPHA\t\t0x0002\n#define TXx9_SPCR0_SPOL\t\t0x0001\n\n/* SPSR : SPI Status */\n#define TXx9_SPSR_TBSI\t\t0x8000\n#define TXx9_SPSR_RBSI\t\t0x4000\n#define TXx9_SPSR_TBS_MASK\t0x3800\n#define TXx9_SPSR_RBS_MASK\t0x0700\n#define TXx9_SPSR_SPOE\t\t0x0080\n#define TXx9_SPSR_IFSD\t\t0x0008\n#define TXx9_SPSR_SIDLE\t\t0x0004\n#define TXx9_SPSR_STRDY\t\t0x0002\n#define TXx9_SPSR_SRRDY\t\t0x0001\n\n\nstruct txx9spi {\n\tstruct workqueue_struct\t*workqueue;\n\tstruct work_struct work;\n\tspinlock_t lock;\t/* protect 'queue' */\n\tstruct list_head queue;\n\twait_queue_head_t waitq;\n\tvoid __iomem *membase;\n\tint baseclk;\n\tstruct clk *clk;\n\tu32 max_speed_hz, min_speed_hz;\n\tint last_chipselect;\n\tint last_chipselect_val;\n};\n\nstatic u32 txx9spi_rd(struct txx9spi *c, int reg)\n{\n\treturn __raw_readl(c->membase + reg);\n}\nstatic void txx9spi_wr(struct txx9spi *c, u32 val, int reg)\n{\n\t__raw_writel(val, c->membase + reg);\n}\n\nstatic void txx9spi_cs_func(struct spi_device *spi, struct txx9spi *c,\n\t\tint on, unsigned int cs_delay)\n{\n\tint val = (spi->mode & SPI_CS_HIGH) ? ", "on : !", "on;\n\tif (on) {\n\t\t/* deselect the chip with cs_change hint in last transfer */\n\t\tif (c->last_chipselect >= 0)\n\t\t\tgpio_set_value(c->last_chipselect,\n\t\t\t\t\t!", "c->last_chipselect_val);\n\t\tc->last_chipselect = spi->chip_select;\n\t\tc->last_chipselect_val = val;\n\t} else {\n\t\tc->last_chipselect = -1;\n\t\tndelay(cs_delay);\t/* CS Hold Time */\n\t}\n\tgpio_set_value(spi->chip_select, val);\n\tndelay(cs_delay);\t/* CS Setup Time / CS Recovery Time */\n}\n\nstatic int txx9spi_setup(struct spi_device *spi)\n{\n\tstruct txx9spi *c = spi_master_get_devdata(spi->master);\n\tu8 bits_per_word;\n\n\tif (!", "spi->max_speed_hz\n\t\t\t|| spi->max_speed_hz > c->max_speed_hz\n\t\t\t|| spi->max_speed_hz < c->min_speed_hz)\n\t\treturn -EINVAL;\n\n\tbits_per_word = spi->bits_per_word;\n\tif (bits_per_word !", "= 8 && bits_per_word !", "= 16)\n\t\treturn -EINVAL;\n\n\tif (gpio_direction_output(spi->chip_select,\n\t\t\t!(", "spi->mode & SPI_CS_HIGH))) {\n\t\tdev_err(&spi->dev, \"Cannot setup GPIO for chipselect.\\n\");\n\t\treturn -EINVAL;\n\t}\n\n\t/* deselect chip */\n\tspin_lock(&c->lock);\n\ttxx9spi_cs_func(spi, c, 0, (NSEC_PER_SEC / 2) / spi->max_speed_hz);\n\tspin_unlock(&c->lock);\n\n\treturn 0;\n}\n\nstatic irqreturn_t txx9spi_interrupt(int irq, void *dev_id)\n{\n\tstruct txx9spi *c = dev_id;\n\n\t/* disable rx intr */\n\ttxx9spi_wr(c, txx9spi_rd(c, TXx9_SPCR0) & ~TXx9_SPCR0_RBSIE,\n\t\t\tTXx9_SPCR0);\n\twake_up(&c->waitq);\n\treturn IRQ_HANDLED;\n}\n\nstatic void txx9spi_work_one(struct txx9spi *c, struct spi_message *m)\n{\n\tstruct spi_device *spi = m->spi;\n\tstruct spi_transfer *t;\n\tunsigned int cs_delay;\n\tunsigned int cs_change = 1;\n\tint status = 0;\n\tu32 mcr;\n\tu32 prev_speed_hz = 0;\n\tu8 prev_bits_per_word = 0;\n\n\t/* CS setup/hold/recovery time in nsec */\n\tcs_delay = 100 + (NSEC_PER_SEC / 2) / spi->max_speed_hz;\n\n\tmcr = txx9spi_rd(c, TXx9_SPMCR);\n\tif (unlikely((mcr & TXx9_SPMCR_OPMODE) == TXx9_SPMCR_ACTIVE)) {\n\t\tdev_err(&spi->dev, \"Bad mode.\\n\");\n\t\tstatus = -EIO;\n\t\tgoto exit;\n\t}\n\tmcr &= ~(TXx9_SPMCR_OPMODE | TXx9_SPMCR_SPSTP | TXx9_SPMCR_BCLR);\n\n\t/* enter config mode */\n\ttxx9spi_wr(c, mcr | TXx9_SPMCR_CONFIG | TXx9_SPMCR_BCLR, TXx9_SPMCR);\n\ttxx9spi_wr(c, TXx9_SPCR0_SBOS\n\t\t\t| ((spi->mode & SPI_CPOL) ? ", "TXx9_SPCR0_SPOL : 0)\n\t\t\t| ((spi->mode & SPI_CPHA) ? ", "TXx9_SPCR0_SPHA : 0)\n\t\t\t| 0x08,\n\t\t\tTXx9_SPCR0);\n\n\tlist_for_each_entry (t, &m->transfers, transfer_list) {\n\t\tconst void *txbuf = t->tx_buf;\n\t\tvoid *rxbuf = t->rx_buf;\n\t\tu32 data;\n\t\tunsigned int len = t->len;\n\t\tunsigned int wsize;\n\t\tu32 speed_hz = t->speed_hz ? : ", "spi->max_speed_hz;\n\t\tu8 bits_per_word = t->bits_per_word ? : ", "spi->bits_per_word;\n\n\t\tbits_per_word = bits_per_word ? : ", "8;\n\t\twsize = bits_per_word >> 3; /* in bytes */\n\n\t\tif (prev_speed_hz !", "= speed_hz\n\t\t\t\t|| prev_bits_per_word !", "= bits_per_word) {\n\t\t\tint n = DIV_ROUND_UP(c->baseclk, speed_hz) - 1;\n\t\t\tn = clamp(n, SPI_MIN_DIVIDER, SPI_MAX_DIVIDER);\n\t\t\t/* enter config mode */\n\t\t\ttxx9spi_wr(c, mcr | TXx9_SPMCR_CONFIG | TXx9_SPMCR_BCLR,\n\t\t\t\t\tTXx9_SPMCR);\n\t\t\ttxx9spi_wr(c, (n << 8) | bits_per_word, TXx9_SPCR1);\n\t\t\t/* enter active mode */\n\t\t\ttxx9spi_wr(c, mcr | TXx9_SPMCR_ACTIVE, TXx9_SPMCR);\n\n\t\t\tprev_speed_hz = speed_hz;\n\t\t\tprev_bits_per_word = bits_per_word;\n\t\t}\n\n\t\tif (cs_change)\n\t\t\ttxx9spi_cs_func(spi, c, 1, cs_delay);\n\t\tcs_change = t->cs_change;\n\t\twhile (len) {\n\t\t\tunsigned int count = SPI_FIFO_SIZE;\n\t\t\tint i;\n\t\t\tu32 cr0;\n\n\t\t\tif (len < count * wsize)\n\t\t\t\tcount = len / wsize;\n\t\t\t/* now tx must be idle... */\n\t\t\twhile (!(", "txx9spi_rd(c, TXx9_SPSR) & TXx9_SPSR_SIDLE))\n\t\t\t\tcpu_relax();\n\t\t\tcr0 = txx9spi_rd(c, TXx9_SPCR0);\n\t\t\tcr0 &= ~TXx9_SPCR0_RXIFL_MASK;\n\t\t\tcr0 |= (count - 1) << 12;\n\t\t\t/* enable rx intr */\n\t\t\tcr0 |= TXx9_SPCR0_RBSIE;\n\t\t\ttxx9spi_wr(c, cr0, TXx9_SPCR0);\n\t\t\t/* send */\n\t\t\tfor (i = 0; i < count; i++) {\n\t\t\t\tif (txbuf) {\n\t\t\t\t\tdata = (wsize == 1)\n\t\t\t\t\t\t? *(", "const u8 *)txbuf\n\t\t\t\t\t\t: *(const u16 *)txbuf;\n\t\t\t\t\ttxx9spi_wr(c, data, TXx9_SPDR);\n\t\t\t\t\ttxbuf += wsize;\n\t\t\t\t} else\n\t\t\t\t\ttxx9spi_wr(c, 0, TXx9_SPDR);\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t/* wait all rx data */\n\t\t\twait_event(c->waitq,\n\t\t\t\ttxx9spi_rd(c, TXx9_SPSR) & TXx9_SPSR_RBSI);\n\t\t\t/* receive */\n\t\t\tfor (i = 0; i < count; i++) {\n\t\t\t\tdata = txx9spi_rd(c, TXx9_SPDR);\n\t\t\t\tif (rxbuf) {\n\t\t\t\t\tif (wsize == 1)\n\t\t\t\t\t\t*(u8 *)rxbuf = data;\n\t\t\t\t\telse\n\t\t\t\t\t\t*(u16 *)rxbuf = data;\n\t\t\t\t\trxbuf += wsize;\n\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\tlen -= count * wsize;\n\t\t}\n\t\tm->actual_length += t->len;\n\t\tif (t->delay_usecs)\n\t\t\tudelay(t->delay_usecs);\n\n\t\tif (!", "cs_change)\n\t\t\tcontinue;\n\t\tif (t->transfer_list.next == &m->transfers)\n\t\t\tbreak;\n\t\t/* sometimes a short mid-message deselect of the chip\n\t\t * may be needed to terminate a mode or command\n\t\t */\n\t\ttxx9spi_cs_func(spi, c, 0, cs_delay);\n\t}\n\nexit:\n\tm->status = status;\n\tm->complete(m->context);\n\n\t/* normally deactivate chipselect ... unless no error and\n\t * cs_change has hinted that the next message will probably\n\t * be for this chip too.", "\n\t */\n\tif (!(", "status == 0 && cs_change))\n\t\ttxx9spi_cs_func(spi, c, 0, cs_delay);\n\n\t/* enter config mode */\n\ttxx9spi_wr(c, mcr | TXx9_SPMCR_CONFIG | TXx9_SPMCR_BCLR, TXx9_SPMCR);\n}\n\nstatic void txx9spi_work(struct work_struct *work)\n{\n\tstruct txx9spi *c = container_of(work, struct txx9spi, work);\n\tunsigned long flags;\n\n\tspin_lock_irqsave(&c->lock, flags);\n\twhile (!", "list_empty(&c->queue)) {\n\t\tstruct spi_message *m;\n\n\t\tm = container_of(c->queue.next, struct spi_message, queue);\n\t\tlist_del_init(&m->queue);\n\t\tspin_unlock_irqrestore(&c->lock, flags);\n\n\t\ttxx9spi_work_one(c, m);\n\n\t\tspin_lock_irqsave(&c->lock, flags);\n\t}\n\tspin_unlock_irqrestore(&c->lock, flags);\n}\n\nstatic int txx9spi_transfer(struct spi_device *spi, struct spi_message *m)\n{\n\tstruct spi_master *master = spi->master;\n\tstruct txx9spi *c = spi_master_get_devdata(master);\n\tstruct spi_transfer *t;\n\tunsigned long flags;\n\n\tm->actual_length = 0;\n\n\t/* check each transfer's parameters */\n\tlist_for_each_entry (t, &m->transfers, transfer_list) {\n\t\tu32 speed_hz = t->speed_hz ? : ", "spi->max_speed_hz;\n\t\tu8 bits_per_word = t->bits_per_word ? : ", "spi->bits_per_word;\n\n\t\tbits_per_word = bits_per_word ? : ", "8;\n\t\tif (!", "t->tx_buf && !", "t->rx_buf && t->len)\n\t\t\treturn -EINVAL;\n\t\tif (bits_per_word !", "= 8 && bits_per_word !", "= 16)\n\t\t\treturn -EINVAL;\n\t\tif (t->len & ((bits_per_word >> 3) - 1))\n\t\t\treturn -EINVAL;\n\t\tif (speed_hz < c->min_speed_hz || speed_hz > c->max_speed_hz)\n\t\t\treturn -EINVAL;\n\t}\n\n\tspin_lock_irqsave(&c->lock, flags);\n\tlist_add_tail(&m->queue, &c->queue);\n\tqueue_work(c->workqueue, &c->work);\n\tspin_unlock_irqrestore(&c->lock, flags);\n\n\treturn 0;\n}\n\nstatic int __init txx9spi_probe(struct platform_device *dev)\n{\n\tstruct spi_master *master;\n\tstruct txx9spi *c;\n\tstruct resource *res;\n\tint ret = -ENODEV;\n\tu32 mcr;\n\tint irq;\n\n\tmaster = spi_alloc_master(&dev->dev, sizeof(*c));\n\tif (!", "master)\n\t\treturn ret;\n\tc = spi_master_get_devdata(master);\n\tplatform_set_drvdata(dev, master);\n\n\tINIT_WORK(&c->work, txx9spi_work);\n\tspin_lock_init(&c->lock);\n\tINIT_LIST_HEAD(&c->queue);\n\tinit_waitqueue_head(&c->waitq);\n\n\tc->clk = clk_get(&dev->dev, \"spi-baseclk\");\n\tif (IS_ERR(c->clk)) {\n\t\tret = PTR_ERR(c->clk);\n\t\tc->clk = NULL;\n\t\tgoto exit;\n\t}\n\tret = clk_enable(c->clk);\n\tif (ret) {\n\t\tclk_put(c->clk);\n\t\tc->clk = NULL;\n\t\tgoto exit;\n\t}\n\tc->baseclk = clk_get_rate(c->clk);\n\tc->min_speed_hz = DIV_ROUND_UP(c->baseclk, SPI_MAX_DIVIDER + 1);\n\tc->max_speed_hz = c->baseclk / (SPI_MIN_DIVIDER + 1);\n\n\tres = platform_get_resource(dev, IORESOURCE_MEM, 0);\n\tif (!", "res)\n\t\tgoto exit_busy;\n\tif (!", "devm_request_mem_region(&dev->dev, res->start, resource_size(res),\n\t\t\t\t \"spi_txx9\"))\n\t\tgoto exit_busy;\n\tc->membase = devm_ioremap(&dev->dev, res->start, resource_size(res));\n\tif (!", "c->membase)\n\t\tgoto exit_busy;\n\n\t/* enter config mode */\n\tmcr = txx9spi_rd(c, TXx9_SPMCR);\n\tmcr &= ~(TXx9_SPMCR_OPMODE | TXx9_SPMCR_SPSTP | TXx9_SPMCR_BCLR);\n\ttxx9spi_wr(c, mcr | TXx9_SPMCR_CONFIG | TXx9_SPMCR_BCLR, TXx9_SPMCR);\n\n\tirq = platform_get_irq(dev, 0);\n\tif (irq < 0)\n\t\tgoto exit_busy;\n\tret = devm_request_irq(&dev->dev, irq, txx9spi_interrupt, 0,\n\t\t\t \"spi_txx9\", c);\n\tif (ret)\n\t\tgoto exit;\n\n\tc->workqueue = create_singlethread_workqueue(\n\t\t\t\tdev_name(master->dev.parent));\n\tif (!", "c->workqueue)\n\t\tgoto exit_busy;\n\tc->last_chipselect = -1;\n\n\tdev_info(&dev->dev, \"at %#llx, irq %d, %dMHz\\n\",\n\t\t (unsigned long long)res->start, irq,\n\t\t (c->baseclk + 500000) / 1000000);\n\n\t/* the spi->mode bits understood by this driver: */\n\tmaster->mode_bits = SPI_CS_HIGH | SPI_CPOL | SPI_CPHA;\n\n\tmaster->bus_num = dev->id;\n\tmaster->setup = txx9spi_setup;\n\tmaster->transfer = txx9spi_transfer;\n\tmaster->num_chipselect = (u16)UINT_MAX; /* any GPIO numbers */\n\n\tret = spi_register_master(master);\n\tif (ret)\n\t\tgoto exit;\n\treturn 0;\nexit_busy:\n\tret = -EBUSY;\nexit:\n\tif (c->workqueue)\n\t\tdestroy_workqueue(c->workqueue);\n\tif (c->clk) {\n\t\tclk_disable(c->clk);\n\t\tclk_put(c->clk);\n\t}\n\tplatform_set_drvdata(dev, NULL);\n\tspi_master_put(master);\n\treturn ret;\n}\n\nstatic int __exit txx9spi_remove(struct platform_device *dev)\n{\n\tstruct spi_master *master = spi_master_get(platform_get_drvdata(dev));\n\tstruct txx9spi *c = spi_master_get_devdata(master);\n\n\tspi_unregister_master(master);\n\tplatform_set_drvdata(dev, NULL);\n\tdestroy_workqueue(c->workqueue);\n\tclk_disable(c->clk);\n\tclk_put(c->clk);\n\tspi_master_put(master);\n\treturn 0;\n}\n\n/* work with hotplug and coldplug */\nMODULE_ALIAS(\"platform:spi_txx9\");\n\nstatic struct platform_driver txx9spi_driver = {\n\t.remove = __exit_p(txx9spi_remove),\n\t.driver = {\n\t\t.name = \"spi_txx9\",\n\t\t.owner = THIS_MODULE,\n\t},\n};\n\nstatic int __init txx9spi_init(void)\n{\n\treturn platform_driver_probe(&txx9spi_driver, txx9spi_probe);\n}\nsubsys_initcall(txx9spi_init);\n\nstatic void __exit txx9spi_exit(void)\n{\n\tplatform_driver_unregister(&txx9spi_driver);\n}\nmodule_exit(txx9spi_exit);\n\nMODULE_DESCRIPTION(\"TXx9 SPI Driver\");\nMODULE_LICENSE(\"GPL\");\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Github" }

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{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Central" }

[ 0.0012735376367345452, 0.0013116977643221617 ]

[ "Alexandre Benalla poursuit Anticor 23h45 , le 19 octobre 2019\n\nAlexandre Benalla, le 21 janvier dernier quand il était auditionné par la commission des lois du Sénat. (", "Sipa)\n\nIl est toujours là. ", "Alexandre Benalla vient de déposer une plainte contre Anticor pour ­\"­dénonciation calomnieuse\". ", "L'ancien adjoint au chef de cabinet d'Emmanuel Macron, licencié de ses fonctions à l'Élysée le 1er août 2018 à la suite de soupçons de violences contre des manifestants à Paris le 1er mai précédent, resurgit sur le terrain judiciaire. ", "Mais cette fois, c'est lui qui passe à l'attaque. ", "Le 5 juin 2019, l'association spécialisée dans la lutte contre la corruption a lancé contre lui une action auprès du parquet national financier pour \"corruption, corruption passive, blanchiment et entrave à la justice\".", "\n\nLire aussi - La part d'ombre d'Anticor\n\nLa plainte visait un contrat de sécurité passé entre un oligarque russe, Iskander Makhmudov, et la ­société Velours par l'intermédiaire de Vincent Crase, un proche de Benalla, également mis en cause dans les incidents du 1er mai.", "\n\nLe ton a changé\n\nDans son courrier au procureur, Jacqueline Laffont, l'avocate de Benalla, pointe plusieurs faits qui accréditent, selon elle, le soupçon de dénonciation calomnieuse. ", "La démarche d'Anticor reposait exclusivement sur une série d­'articles de Mediapart. ", "Or, le ton a changé au fil de leur publication.", "\n\nDans un premier temps, le site d'information accusait Alexandre Benalla d'avoir négocié \"de bout en bout\" l'accord d'un montant de 294.000 euros avec le Russe. ", "Puis n'évoquait plus qu'une simple \"implication\". ", "Me Laffont souligne qu'Anticor n'a pas tenu compte de ces réserves, pas plus que des explications télévisées d'un dirigeant de Velours écartant tout rôle moteur de Benalla dans la négociation.", "\n\n\"Dans ces conditions, le dépôt d'une telle plainte est révélateur de la mauvaise foi de l'association ­Anticor\", écrit-elle. ", "C'est désormais au procureur de la République à Paris de décider s'il faut, oui ou non, donner suite à l'action de l'ex-collaborateur du président de la République." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2" }

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[ "Obligatory Disclaimer: I clearly do not own any of the characters within (even those who may or may not be originals), any of the settings, concepts, or other potentially copy-written works within this piece. ", "I am merely a vessel; A messenger who conveys a story, nothing more, nothing less.", "\n\nIf it's natural to kill, how come men have to go into training to learn how? – ", "Joan Baez\n\nDay 3:\n\nThings could have started out differently. ", "Better, at least, or maybe without the heightened sense of danger, was that really too much to ask? ", "Kagome thought to herself as she brought up a shaking hand to wipe her sweaty face. ", "Her breathing was heavy, quick, and loud and her eyes were wide and tinted with a strange emotion that few ever saw. ", "That emotion was fear, pure and unparalleled fear.", "\n\nShe stood in the darkened room; well it really was more like a hallway. ", "There were pipes running behind her off into the distance and next to her was the door. ", "She just needed a break for a few moments; a chance to catch her breath was all. ", "Her chest rose and fell with her violent inhalations as sweat continued to run along her neck, across her collarbone and finally landing within her already drenched clothing.", "\n\nHer typical clothes had long been passed up for a better more sensible choice. ", "A sleeveless black tank top and a pair of dark khaki cargo pants that had more pockets than really should be on a single garment – she loved them. ", "Her hair was tied back into a messy pony tail, most of it clinging to her damp face and neck. ", "A head light was strapped to her forehead, beneath it a dark blue sweatband that was entirely soaked. ", "On her hands she had simple black leather gloves and on her feet she had mid-thigh boots, laced tightly with the laces tucked carefully within.", "\n\nShe had a new backpack, made of a sturdier material and packed to the brim with supplies. ", "At her waist was a sheath. ", "In her trembling hands was a glistening sword with a worn looking hilt, she had stolen it from a museum. ", "On the sword was blood… human blood.", "\n\nHer lips trembled and she took a few more breaths before something moved on the other side of the door. ", "She inhaled sharply and quickly brought the sword up in what she hoped was a defensive stance. ", "Unfortunately she wielded it more like a baseball bat than the weapon of destruction it was and so she was finding it to be somewhat ineffective. ", "Luckily her latent spiritual powers had come to her aid most nights and she'd survived so far.", "\n\nHer mind raced as she recalled the past two days within the few moments that it took for the light scuffling to become groans and a pushing force against the door.", "\n\nIt started on a Monday. ", "It was just an average day like any other day. ", "It was partially cloudy with a 30% chance of precipitation. ", "It was Golden Week and everyone had time off to relax and party. ", "She had come home for the celebratory vacation and had gone out to a museum with her friends. ", "None of them knew what was happening yet.", "\n\nFirst there was screaming. ", "Then people began to run mindlessly. ", "Kagome, having been in dangerous situations before, understood not to follow the crowd so as not to be trampled – her friends were not so lucky. ", "She watched in horror as one of her friends was effectively knocked over and crushed by the screaming crowd. ", "Eventually the room was rather empty save for Kagome and her deceased friend. ", "The place was a disaster, displays having been knocked over and smashed, one of the entrance doors that led out towards the street was broken off its hinges at the top and hung crookedly. ", "Sirens went off outside and people were still screaming. ", "Something in the distance exploded.", "\n\nKagome's eyes were wide and her instincts were on fire. ", "She couldn't even manage to voice her curiosity of what exactly had happened. ", "All she could do was realize that she was not actually alone. ", "Something was coming from further inside the museum. ", "Her eyes turned to look towards the hallway as the creature slowly shuffled towards her. ", "She couldn't see down the hall, it was on the opposite side of the room she was on, so she didn't know what was making its way towards her.", "\n\nTime seemed to slow down as she waited, wondering if it was someone who as injured or an animal, she couldn't tell and was too shocked to move at that point. ", "Slowly, painfully slow, it made its way around the corner and that was when her voice returned in a sharp scream.", "\n\nHer mind tried to tell her that it wasn't true. ", "This had to be some sort of crazy nightmare, right? ", "She was just overworking herself! ", "A broken little laugh escaped her and she reached up to smack herself as the man slowly made his way towards her. ", "Her eyes widened as she realized that she wasn't waking up and seriously, dream or no dream, she wanted to live!", "\n\nTrying to stand she found her legs had become jelly and so she backed up, towards the doors and away from the man. ", "He seemed to pick up a little speed as she moved and a small whine escaped her. ", "Still crawling backwards along the floor her hand brushed broken glass but she really couldn't care at that point. ", "The painful edges cut into her hand and she winced a little but kept moving before her hand slipped on an unusually shaped object.", "\n\nLooking down her eyes twinkled with recognition and she lifted the sword in her hands. ", "It was clearly very old and had been cherished by whoever had owned it before. ", "Silently she said a little prayer both of thanks and of apology and then pulled herself up off the ground with help from the sword. ", "The only sound that came from the room was the sound of the blade clicking as she released it from its confines and pulled it out to face her enemy.", "\n\nKagome really didn't know what she was doing. ", "She'd never had to really use a sword before. ", "That is what she had InuYasha for, after all! ", "Inwardly she cried, wishing he was here right now. ", "He wasn't.", "\n\nThe man groaned and reached out for her and she let out a little whimpering cry and then cut the man down. ", "It would be the first and last time that she effectively killed a zombie that day. ", "Today was May 4th and she had managed to make it across the city towards her home where she hoped her family was okay.", "\n\nRight now she was beneath a local shopping center that was just a few miles from the shrine. ", "She assumed this was some sort of delivery entrance as there were doors running along one side of the hallway, probably leading into the now closed and empty shops.", "\n\nHer mind was ripped from her memories as the pounding against the door became more forceful and she sighed before turning to look down the somewhat dark hallway behind her. ", "Going out the way she came in was rather impossible now so she only hoped there was another exit.", "\n\nReaching up she pushed the little light on her head and it flickered before illuminating the empty path before her. ", "She let out a sigh of relief before making her way down the empty hall, the sound of dripping water and her own breath accompanied by the pounding sound against the door behind her. ", "What a wonderful vacation this was turning out to be.", "\n\nThe author would like to thank you for your continued support. ", "Your review has been posted." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }

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[ "/* A simple event-driven programming library. ", "Originally I wrote this code\n * for the Jim's event-loop (Jim is a Tcl interpreter) but later translated\n * it in form of a library for easy reuse.", "\n *\n * Copyright (c) 2006-2012, Salvatore Sanfilippo <antirez at gmail dot com>\n * All rights reserved.", "\n *\n * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without\n * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:\n *\n * * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,\n * this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.", "\n * * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright\n * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the\n * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.", "\n * * Neither the name of Redis nor the names of its contributors may be used\n * to endorse or promote products derived from this software without\n * specific prior written permission.", "\n *\n * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS \"AS IS\"\n * AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE\n * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE\n * ARE DISCLAIMED. ", "IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE\n * LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR\n * CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF\n * SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS\n * INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN\n * CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)\n * ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE\n * POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.", "\n */\n\n#ifndef __AE_H__\n#define __AE_H__\n\n#include <time.h>\n\n#define AE_OK 0\n#define AE_ERR -1\n\n#define AE_NONE 0\n#define AE_READABLE 1\n#define AE_WRITABLE 2\n\n#define AE_FILE_EVENTS 1\n#define AE_TIME_EVENTS 2\n#define AE_ALL_EVENTS (AE_FILE_EVENTS|AE_TIME_EVENTS)\n#define AE_DONT_WAIT 4\n\n#define AE_NOMORE -1\n#define AE_DELETED_EVENT_ID -1\n\n/* Macros */\n#define AE_NOTUSED(V) ((void) V)\n\nstruct aeEventLoop;\n\n/* Types and data structures */\ntypedef void aeFileProc(struct aeEventLoop *eventLoop, int fd, void *clientData, int mask);\ntypedef int aeTimeProc(struct aeEventLoop *eventLoop, long long id, void *clientData);\ntypedef void aeEventFinalizerProc(struct aeEventLoop *eventLoop, void *clientData);\ntypedef void aeBeforeSleepProc(struct aeEventLoop *eventLoop);\n\n/* File event structure */\ntypedef struct aeFileEvent {\n int mask; /* one of AE_(READABLE|WRITABLE) */\n aeFileProc *rfileProc;\n aeFileProc *wfileProc;\n void *clientData;\n} aeFileEvent;\n\n/* Time event structure */\ntypedef struct aeTimeEvent {\n long long id; /* time event identifier. */", "\n long when_sec; /* seconds */\n long when_ms; /* milliseconds */\n aeTimeProc *timeProc;\n aeEventFinalizerProc *finalizerProc;\n void *clientData;\n struct aeTimeEvent *next;\n} aeTimeEvent;\n\n/* A fired event */\ntypedef struct aeFiredEvent {\n int fd;\n int mask;\n} aeFiredEvent;\n\n/* State of an event based program */\ntypedef struct aeEventLoop {\n int maxfd; /* highest file descriptor currently registered */\n int setsize; /* max number of file descriptors tracked */\n long long timeEventNextId;\n time_t lastTime; /* Used to detect system clock skew */\n aeFileEvent *events; /* Registered events */\n aeFiredEvent *fired; /* Fired events */\n aeTimeEvent *timeEventHead;\n int stop;\n void *apidata; /* This is used for polling API specific data */\n aeBeforeSleepProc *beforesleep;\n} aeEventLoop;\n\n/* Prototypes */\naeEventLoop *aeCreateEventLoop(int setsize);\nvoid aeDeleteEventLoop(aeEventLoop *eventLoop);\nvoid aeStop(aeEventLoop *eventLoop);\nint aeCreateFileEvent(aeEventLoop *eventLoop, int fd, int mask,\n aeFileProc *proc, void *clientData);\nvoid aeDeleteFileEvent(aeEventLoop *eventLoop, int fd, int mask);\nint aeGetFileEvents(aeEventLoop *eventLoop, int fd);\nlong long aeCreateTimeEvent(aeEventLoop *eventLoop, long long milliseconds,\n aeTimeProc *proc, void *clientData,\n aeEventFinalizerProc *finalizerProc);\nint aeDeleteTimeEvent(aeEventLoop *eventLoop, long long id);\nint aeProcessEvents(aeEventLoop *eventLoop, int flags);\nint aeWait(int fd, int mask, long long milliseconds);\nvoid aeMain(aeEventLoop *eventLoop);\nchar *aeGetApiName(void);\nvoid aeSetBeforeSleepProc(aeEventLoop *eventLoop, aeBeforeSleepProc *beforesleep);\nint aeGetSetSize(aeEventLoop *eventLoop);\nint aeResizeSetSize(aeEventLoop *eventLoop, int setsize);\n\n#endif\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Github" }

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[ "%%SITE_PERL%%/Data/Object/Try.pm\n%%PERL5_MAN3%%/Data::Object::Try.3.gz\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Github" }

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[ "Immunological relationships between neuropeptides from the sinus gland of the lobster Homarus americanus, with special references to the vitellogenesis inhibiting hormone and crustacean hyperglycemic hormone.", "\nAntisera raised in guinea pigs against four major neuropeptides purified from sinus glands of the lobster, Homarus americanus, were used to study the immunological relationships between several sinus gland peptides. ", "On the basis of their behavior in ELISA and in absorption procedures, three groups of peptides are defined. ", "Two groups may be related to the crustacean hyperglycemic hormone (CHH groups); the third one is composed of three immunologically identical peptides and, since one of these peptides was characterized in previous studies as a vitellogenesis inhibitor, is referred to as VIH group. ", "This closely meets our present knowledge about the physiological effects and biochemical characteristics of these neuropeptides and gives immunological insights on the question of molecular polymorphism of lobster neurohormones." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }

[ 0.01753583364188671, 0.03202836588025093, 0.0005680759204551578, 0.0006576768355444074, 0.0008744897786527872 ]

[ "Q:\n\nHow to make an ambiguous call distinct in C++?", "\n\nvoid outputString(const string &ss) {\n cout << \"outputString(const string& ) \" + ss << endl;\n}\n\nvoid outputString(const string ss) {\n cout << \"outputString(const string ) \" + ss << endl;\n}\n\nint main(void) {\n //! ", "outputString(\"ambigiousmethod\"); \n const string constStr = \"ambigiousmethod2\";\n //! ", "outputString(constStr);\n} ///:~\n\nHow to make distinct call?", "\nEDIT: This piece of code could be compiled with g++ and MSVC.", "\nthanks.", "\n\nA:\n\nC++ does not allow you to overload functions where the only difference in the function signature is that one takes an object and another takes reference to an object. ", "So something like:\nvoid foo(int);\n\nand \nvoid foo(int&);\n\nis not allowed. ", "\nYou need to change the number and/or the type of the parameter.", "\nIn your case the function that accepts a reference, you can make it accept a pointer, if you want to allow the function to change its argument.", "\n\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "StackExchange" }

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[ "While the talks of a Women’s Tag Team titles being introduced are still hot, it appears that WWE might be planning another big surprise for the fans of Women’s Wrestling.", "\n\nAccording Pro Wrestling Sheet, the company officials are seriously discussing the idea of holding a special event featuring all women for later this year.", "\n\n- Advertisement -\n\nThis women’s event which is being eyed for sometime in late September or early October could not only include talent from NXT roster but some indie stars as well.", "\n\nThis show is apparently being planned to make up for the lack of female stars at the Greatest Royal Rumble so it’s very much possible that it will be a Network Special similar to the show at Saudi Arabia.", "\n\nThough since the event is not set in stone yet it’s also possible that it could be just a mega Live Event similar to the recent MSG show or even a full-fledged PPV.", "\n\nThe Greatest Royal Rumble event did not feature any female stars due to the cultural restrictions of Saudi Arabia and the lack of woman wrestlers on the show was highly criticised by fans.", "\n\nWe’ll keep you posted as more details become available.", "\n\nAre you interested in WWE presenting a special event featuring only women?" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2" }

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[ "True aneurysm of the facial artery.", "\nWe present a case of true facial artery aneurysm with no associated risk factors, which was non-pulsatile on presentation. ", "This case is unique as the lesion was identified using computed tomography scanning, due to the unusual presentation. ", "The vast majority of aneurysms of the head and neck have a traumatic aetiology, giving rise to false aneurysms; true aneurysms are extremely rare. ", "We discuss the implications of such a lesion and its management." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }

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[ "Q:\n\nPHP explode and MySQL query to search in multiple columns\n\nI have a form where I want a user to enter one or more words. ", "These words should then match mutiple columns in a MySQL database.", "\nI have started to build some code but I'm stuck.", "\n<?", "php\n $term = $_SESSION['session_searchstring']; //Let's say that session is John Doe\n $searchterm = explode(' ',$term);\n\n $searchFieldName = \"name\";\n $searchCondition = \"$searchFieldName LIKE '%\" . ", "implode(\"%' OR $searchFieldName LIKE '%\", $searchterm) . \"%'\";", "\n\n $sql = \"SELECT * FROM students WHERE $searchCondition;\";\n\n echo $sql; //Echo to test what mysql_query would look like\n\n?", ">\n\nThe above code will output:\nSELECT * FROM students WHERE name LIKE '%John%' OR name LIKE '%Doe%'; \n\nThe problem is that I want to search in multiple columns ($searchFieldName). ", "I have for example \ncustomer_firstname\ncustomer_lastname\n\nAnd I want to match my searchstring against the content of both columns.. How would I continue?", "\n\nA:\n\nPerhaps\n $term = $_SESSION['session_searchstring']; //Let's say that session is John Doe\n $searchterm = explode(' ',$term);\n\n $searchColumns = array(\"customer_firstname\",\"customer_lastname\");\n\n for($i = 0; $i < count($searchColumns); $i++)\n {\n $searchFieldName = $searchColumns[$i];\n $searchCondition .= \"($searchFieldName LIKE '%\" . ", "implode(\"%' OR $searchFieldName LIKE '%\", $searchterm) . \"%')\";", "\n if($i+1 < count($searchColumns)) $searchCondition .= \" OR \";\n }\n\n $sql = \"SELECT * FROM students WHERE $searchCondition;\";\n\n echo $sql; //Echo to test what mysql_query would look like\n\nProduces\nSELECT * FROM students WHERE (customer_firstname LIKE '%John%' OR customer_firstname LIKE '%Doe%') OR (customer_lastname LIKE '%John%' OR customer_lastname LIKE '%Doe%');\n\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "StackExchange" }

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[ "Occupational exposure to airborne contaminants during offshore oil drilling.", "\nThe aim was to study exposure to airborne contaminants in oil drillers during ordinary work. ", "Personal samples were collected among 65 drill floor workers on four stationary and six moveable rigs in the Norwegian offshore sector. ", "Air concentrations of drilling mud were determined based on measurements of the non-volatile mud components Ca and Fe. ", "The median air concentration of mud was 140 μg m(-3). ", "Median air concentrations of oil mist (180 μg m(-3)), oil vapour (14 mg m(-3)) and organic carbon (46 μg m(-3)) were also measured. ", "All contaminants were detected in all work areas (drill floor, shaker area, mud pits, pump room, other areas). ", "The highest air concentrations were measured in the shaker area, but the differences in air concentrations between working areas were moderate. ", "Oil mist and oil vapour concentrations were statistically higher on moveable rigs than on stationary rigs, but after adjusting for differences in mud temperature the differences between rig types were no longer of statistical significance. ", "Statistically significant positive associations were found between mud temperature and the concentrations of oil mist (Spearman's R = 0.46) and oil vapour (0.39), and between viscosity of base oil and oil mist concentrations. ", "Use of pressure washers was associated with higher air concentrations of mud. ", "A series of 18 parallel stationary samples showed a high and statistically significant association between concentrations of organic carbon and oil mist (r = 0.98). ", "This study shows that workers are exposed to airborne non-volatilized mud components. ", "Air concentrations of volatile mud components like oil mist and oil vapour were low, but were present in all the studied working areas." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }

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[ "\nUsers to USTR: Don't Sign Away Our Ability to Fix the Orphan Works Problem - walterbell\nhttps://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2015/08/users-ustr-dont-sign-away-our-ability-fix-orphan-works-problem\n======\nwalterbell\nDavid Post has a legal analysis of this topic,\n[https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/volokh-\nconspiracy/wp/201...](https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/volokh-\nconspiracy/wp/2015/09/03/in-a-dark-corner-of-the-trans-pacific-partnership-\nlurks-some-pretty-nasty-copyright-law/)\n\n\" _The solution is pretty obvious — a true legislative no-brainer: Amend the\nCopyright Act to eliminate statutory damages for these orphan works. ", "Surely\neven Congress can see how idiotic it is that this class of invisible rights\nholders can keep this treasure trove of information out of the public’s hands,\nand there has indeed been significant movement recently (including a Copyright\nOffice proposal to this effect) toward just such a change.", "\n\n.. A [US] court would (as I read the new statute) NOT be permitted to award\npunitive, or exemplary, damages in orphan works cases – but the TPP seems to\nrequire that._\"", "\n\n~~~\nmtgx\nI wish you had to register to obtain the copyright for you work. ", "It shouldn't\nbe automatic. ", "If you intend to make money from something, surely registration\n+ a small fee every 5 years wouldn't be a huge burden. ", "Fail to do that, and\nthe work becomes public domain within two years.", "\n\n~~~\ngabemart\nUnder such a system, a photographer would presumably have to register each\nphotograph before hosting the image on her website, or risk losing copyright\nprotection.", "\n\nThis seems extremely onerous for a wide range of creative professions.", "\n\n~~~\nwilliamcotton\nThis future photographer will use some specialized computer software that\nautomatically registers every photograph that ends up on their own personal\nwebsite.", "\n\nBTW, we're working on the underlying technology for this kind of stuff here:\n\n[https://github.com/blockai/openpublish](https://github.com/blockai/openpublish)\n\n~~~\nbenjaminjackman\nIs the idea here that an artist would first register their work on the\nblockchain, then publish it publicly?", "\n\nI've had a very similar idea to use something like that registy with a browser\nextension that catalogs every resource visited by a user (by the SHA-2 of it's\ncontent), what site referred / linked them to it. ", "This will create a big list\nof consumed content. ", "At the end of the year, the user can view their audit log\n(and metadata on it, e.g. how many minutes of a video they watched, how they\nrated it etc) and it will let them donate a certain amount of numbers from an\natomically incrementing counter signed with keypair identity to the artists\nregistered for those works and those that referrer them to the content.", "\n\nThe donater could back keypair with a variety of identities (maybe something\nlike a twitter account that takes into account how famous the donater is based\non their followers etc or maybe through something like keybase that aggreates\ntogether several social media identities into a unique key). ", "The donater could\nalso back this counter with a certain amount of money or BTC or whatever\n(essentially acting as their own bank).", "\n\nThis allows an referrers/artist to be compensated in both _fame_ (the Sum of\nthe amounts of count assign to them * the follower-strength of the person\nassigning the count at the time of assignment / the total count that person\nhas assigned) which is useful for parlaying into advertisement backing and\n_fortune_ (the total value of the count they were given). ", "The artist/referrers\ncan hold their count (speculating a rise in the value of that contributors\ncount), can trade some portion to other's via the blockchain or back to the\noriginal donater in exchange for the backing amount.", "\n\nObviously people can parasitically clone works and republish them, with minor\ncontent variations. ", "Hopefully some sort of auditor could set what constitutes\na new vs derived work and how the splits are calculated and to find\nduplication and attribute it back to the correct authors, it would be up to\neach donater to choose the auditor they want to use when making their\ndonations. ", "The expectation here is that artists would band together and choose\nto promote the auditors that do the best job of being 'fair'. ", "Ultimately\nthough, the choice on how to give money to the creators of content would be to\nthe public and so auditors that favor regimes unlimited copyright and very\nrestricted derivation would be less weighted than ones that pushed for\ncreative derivative works.", "\n\n------\ncm2187\nWhat I don't understand is why copyright applies for so long (life + 70y so\ntypically 120y+) and why intellectual property (patents) applies for such a\nshort period (20y). ", "Fundamentally it is the same thing. ", "And one could argue\nthat code could be treated either way.", "\n\n~~~\nanon4\nBecause the Disney corporation doesn't want Mickey Mouse to fall in the public\ndomain. ", "I've said before that it may behoove us to simply amend copyright in a\nway that gives Disney infinite copyright, while everything else gets ten\nyears. ", "Call them an \"irreplaceable cultural giant\" or whatever else euphemism\nyou want for \"lots of money\". ", "Require a yearly tax that's just below what they\npay in lobby money currently. ", "To make it \"fair\", you could say \"first ten\nyears copyright is free, then it's X per year per work, then it ramps up until\nit reaches what Disney can pay.. I mean Z, which was determined after market\nanalysis\"\n\n~~~\ndublinben\nOnly the original Steamboat Willy cartoon would even _rise_ to the public\ndomain. ", "The character as we know him today is thoroughly trademarked, which\ndoes not expire.", "\n\nAll anyone would be able to do, is distribute free or paid copies of a\nhistorical cartoon film.", "\n\n~~~\nwyldfire\n> All anyone would be able to do, is distribute free or paid copies of a\n> historical cartoon film.", "\n\nBut perhaps you could also legitimately create derivative works? ", "If you didn't\noffer them for sale, perhaps trademark would not apply (not used in commerce)?", "\nIt would be interesting for them to demonstrate injury.", "\n\n~~~\ndublinben\nYou would only be able to create new derivative works of the character as he\nwas in Steamboat Willy. ", "Anything that we now recognize as being characteristic\nof Mickey Mouse would still be under copyright, because it was developed in\nlater films.", "\n\n------\nAnimats\nHas the EFF ever won a copyright battle? ", "Since they lost the big one\n(copyright term extension), I can't think of a big win.", "\n\n~~~\ndannyobrien\nIf you're referring to Eldred v. Ashcroft, that wasn't an EFF case.", "\n\nYou can see some of EFF's legal victories here:\n[https://www.eff.org/victories](https://www.eff.org/victories) , although to\nbe honest we really need to update that list. ", "For example, in the IP space I\ndon't think it includes the two busted patents from earlier this year, which\nwere being used to target podcasters and online competitions. ", "See\n[https://www.eff.org/press/releases/eff-busts-podcasting-\npate...](https://www.eff.org/press/releases/eff-busts-podcasting-patent-\ninvalidating-key-claims-patent-office) and\n[https://www.eff.org/press/releases/victory-photo-hobbyist-\npr...](https://www.eff.org/press/releases/victory-photo-hobbyist-prevails-\nover-junk-patent-bully)\n\n~~~\nAnimats\nSteve Jackson Games wasn't an EFF case, either. ", "I was at the Steve Jackson\ntrial as a technical expert. ", "The EFF didn't have anybody there.", "\n\n~~~\ndannyobrien\nSorry I'm late to this; at that point, EFF didn't even have lawyers on staff\nwhold could be there. ", "Instead it was formed to financially fund the Steve\nJackson suit against the Secret Service -- that's the reason why it's has\n\"foundation\" in the name.", "\n\n[http://www.sjgames.com/SS/](http://www.sjgames.com/SS/)\n\n\"The EFF provided the financial backing that made it possible for SJ Games and\nfour Illuminati users to file suit against the Secret Service.\"", "\n\n" ]

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[ "Porsche Boxster – Always Room For Improvements\n\nPorsche Boxster looks good, feels strong and ensures a top notch performance. ", "Things like these might chase amateur tuners away, but not a professional.", "\n\nThis is how JF Automotive has decided to take over this German project. ", "The successful tuner has mostly focused on performance. ", "According to a dyno test, a few changes here and there have taken the car from 226 HP to 240 HP. ", "The difference may not be obvious in numbers, but it clearly makes the difference on the road. ", "The vehicle has been tested on a few circuits too. ", "It drives faster and maneuvers a lot easier.", "\n\nSurprisingly enough, the new Porsche Boxster is also proven to be 10% to 15% more fuel efficient, which makes it even better. ", "The tuners have brought in a manual transmission tuning software too. ", "Changing gears has never been faster and more comfortable. ", "All these elements add to the performance.", "\n\nOther news by Rodney\n\nIt isn't surprising that a motorcycle takes over a card. ", "What is incredible is the ease and grace with which it is done. ", "The road is anything but straight and the car is at a significant speed. ", "But that is...\n\nTired of your van looking like it’s been designed by a neighbor next door? ", "Try Peugeot Partner instead!", "\nNot only does it look good, but it has an amazing interior of the vehicle as well. ", "The trunk is perfect and you...\n\nNo, you’re not looking at this wrong! ", "This crazy guy has modded his Celica to have the tyres turn outwards.", "\nThe photos don’t do the effect justice, you really have to see the video below. ", "This beast comes out of the...\n\nThe beret may be the French style, but that tartan scarf couldn’t come from anywhere else on earth!", "\nMoving off the fashion and onto the car, the Renault 16 is one of the forebears of the modern family saloon, with all..." ]

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[ "1. ", "Field of the Invention\nThe present invention relates to an overvoltage-protective device for protecting a device such as a switching element against excessive voltage.", "\n2. ", "Description of the Prior Art\nFIG. ", "1 is a circuit diagram showing a conventional overvoltage-protective device for a switching element S. This overvoltage-protective device, which is called a snubber circuit, is adapted to suppress abrupt rising voltage applied to the switching element S or absorb surge voltage. ", "The switching element S formed by a power MOS or an IGBT (insulated gate bipolar transistor), for example, is adapted to switch current supplied to a high-voltage/high-current load such as a motor for PWM control, etc. ", "Symbol A denotes a load circuit such as the motor, which serves as an overvoltage applying circuit applying excessive voltage to the switching element S for the reason that an unneglectable reactance component is present in a switch path of the switching element S or a motor or the like serves as a surge voltage source.", "\nThe overvoltage-protective device includes a diode 1, a capacitor 2 and a resistor 3 and is connected across terminals T1 and T2, which are drawn out across the switching element S. The capacitor 2 is adapted to absorb excessive voltage, and is charged at a high speed through function of the diode 1 which bypasses the resistor 3. ", "The resistor 3 is adapted to discharge the capacitor 2 with an appropriate time constant.", "\nWhen the switching element S is switched in a relatively low frequency range, the capacitor 2 functions as large resistance against a low frequency component, and hence value of current flowing through the capacitor 2 by charge/discharge thereof is relatively small. ", "Discharge current through the resistor 3 is small in discharge, i.e., in an off state of the switching element S. Therefore, no disadvantage takes place to prevent a switching operation of the switching element S by, e.g., current continuously flowing to the load although the switching element S is turned off.", "\nWhen surge voltage SG of high frequency component shown by a dotted line in FIG. ", "2 is applied to the switching element S, the capacitor 2 shows small resistance value with respect to a high frequency component, and hence the surge voltage SG is charged and absorbed by the capacitor 2 as overvoltage absorbing current I. A oblique line portion in FIG. ", "2 shows energy absorbed by the capacitor 2, and a solid line shows voltage actually applied to the switching element S. The charged capacitor 2 is slowly discharged through the resistor 3 after termination of the surge voltage SG, whereas influence by such discharge is small and not shown in FIG. ", "2.", "\nThus, the both ends of the switching element S are coupled in an AC manner by the diode 1 and the capacitor 2, to be shorted with respect to a high frequency component such as the surge voltage SG. ", "A line S1 in FIG. ", "3 shows flowability of overvoltage absorbing current I responsive to a frequency of overvoltage such as surge voltage applied to the switching element S. Symbol SF denotes a frequency range in which the switching element S is switched. ", "The overvoltage absorbing current I hardly flows in the switching frequency range SF so that the overvoltage-protective device exerts no influence on normal switching operation of the switching element S. A curve S2 shows absolute value of discharge current of the capacitor 2.", "\nIn the conventional overvoltage-protective device as hereinabove described, charge/discharge of the capacitor 2 is repeated through the diode 1 and the resistor 3 every time the switching element S is switched. ", "Although the charge/discharge current is relatively small as hereinabove described, power loss accumulated in the diode 1 and the resistor 3 is unneglectably increased by such repetition. ", "In order to effectively protect the switching element S against excessive voltage of a relatively low frequency, i.e., excessive voltage having relatively wide pulse width, it is necessary to increase capacitance value of capacitor 2 so that the overvoltage absorbing current I readily flows even if the frequency component is relatively low and amount of surge absorption is increased. ", "In this case, however, a relatively large amount of the overvoltage absorbing current I flows in the switching frequency range SF shown in FIG. ", "6 of the switching element S, to prevent normal switching operation of the switching element S.\nThe capacitor 2 preferably have capacitance value as large as possible within a range not causing the aforementioned inconvenience, in order to improve the excessive voltage absorbing characteristic to the utmost. ", "Further, the resistor 3 must be one for high power, in order to prevent destruction through heat generation caused by repeated charge/discharge of the capacitor 2. ", "Such capacitor 2 and resistor 3 are prepared by discrete components since it is difficult to be formed as a monolithic IC, and hence the device cannot be reduced in size." ]

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[ "Wrinkling and failure behavior of single-layer MoS2 sheets under in-plane shear.", "\nIn this paper, the wrinkling and failure behavior of single layer MoS2 (SLMoS2) sheets under in-plane shear is investigated using molecular simulations and the nonlocal model. ", "Wrinkling and failure features, such as the stress-strain relation, the amplitude and the half-wavelength, are comprehensively explored. ", "The effects of size, temperature and pre-existing cracks on the wrinkling and failure behavior are then taken into consideration. ", "It is found that the whole process can be divided into three stages, i.e., the pre-buckling stage, the buckling stage and the failure stage. ", "The classical continuum model is found to be limited in quantitatively analyzing the wrinkling behavior due to the lack of size effect. ", "The nonlocal parameter, a key parameter to characterize the size effect, is first reported. ", "What is more, compared with edge cracks, SLMoS2 sheets are more sensitive to pre-existing centre cracks. ", "This work can provide a better understanding of the wrinkling and failure properties of SLMoS2 sheets under shear loads, and should be helpful for developing various flexible electronic devices." ]

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[ "Controversial database topics are a guaranteed success on reddit, because everyone has an opinion on those topics. ", "More importantly, many people have a dogmatic opinion, which always triggers more debate than pragmatism.", "\n\nSo, recently, I posted a link to an older article titled The Database As Queue Anti-Pattern by Mike Hadlow, and it got decent results on /r/programming:\n\n.", "\n\nMike’s post was pretty much against all sorts of queueing in the database, which matches the opinions I have heard from a couple of JavaZone speakers in a recent discussion, who all agreed that messaging in the database is “evil.”", "\n\n… and I’m saying: No. ", "Messaging in the database is not an anti-pattern, it is (can be) totally OK. ", "Let’s consider why:\n\nKISS and YAGNI\n\nFirst off, if you don’t plan on deploying thousands of message types and millions of messages per hour, then you might have a very simple messaging problem. ", "Since you’re already using an RDBMS, using that RDBMS also for messaging is definitely an option.", "\n\nObviously, many of you will now think:\n\nIf all you have is a hammer, everything looks like a nail\n\n… and you’re right! ", "But guess what, the reasons for only having a hammer can be any of:\n\nYou don’t have the time to equip with a sophisticated tool box\n\nYou don’t have the money to equip with a sophisticated tool box\n\nYou actually don’t really need the sophisticated tool box\n\nThink about these arguments. ", "Yes, the solution might not be perfect, or even ugly…\n\nBut we’re engineers and as such, we’re not here to debate perfection. ", "We’re here to deliver value to our customers and if we can get the job done with the hammer, why not just forget our vanity and simply use that hammer to get the job done.", "\n\nTransactional queues\n\nIn a perfect world, queues are transactional and guarantee (to the extent allowed by underlying theory) atomic message delivery or failure – something that we’ve been taking for granted with JMS forever.", "\n\nAt GeeCON Krakow, I had a very interesting discussion with Konrad Malawski regarding his talk about Akka Persistence. ", "If we remove all the hype and buzzwords (e.g. reactive programming, etc.) ", "from Akka, we can see that Akka is just a proprietary alternative to JMS, which looks more modern but is lacking tons of features that we’re used to having in JMS (e.g. like transactional queue persistence).", "\n\nOne of the interesting aspects of that discussion with Konrad Malawski is the fact that a 100% message delivery guarantee is a myth (details here). ", "Which leads to the conclusion:\n\nMessaging is really hard\n\nIt is, indeed! ", "So if you really think you need to embed a sophisticated MQ system, beware of the fact that you will have to learn how it really works and how to correctly operate it.", "\n\nIf you’re using RDBMS-backed queues, you can get rid of this additional transactional complexity, because your queue operations participate in the transactions that you already have with your database. ", "You get ACID for free!", "\n\nNo additional operations efforts\n\nWhat developers very often underestimate (we can’t say this enough) are the costs incurring to your operations team when you add new external systems to yours.", "\n\nHaving just one simple RDBMS (and your own application) is a very very lean and simple architecture. ", "Having an RDBMS, an MQ, and your application is already more complex.", "\n\nThere are a lot of excellent DBA out there who know what they’re doing when operating productive databases. ", "Finding excellent “MQA” is much harder.", "\n\nIf you’re using Oracle: Use Oracle AQ\n\nOracle has a very sophisticated built-in queueing API called Oracle AQ, which can interoperate with JMS.", "\n\nQueues in AQ are essentially just tables that contain a serialised version of your message type. ", "If you’re using jOOQ, we’ve blogged about how to integrate Oracle AQ with jOOQ, recently.", "\n\nRDBMS-centric applications can be much easier\n\nWe’ve blogged about that before as well: Why Your Boring Data Will Outlast Your Sexy New Technology.", "\n\nYour data might just survive your application. ", "Consider Paypal replacing Java with JavaScript (it could also have gone the other way round). ", "In the end, however, do you think that Paypal also replaced all their databases? ", "I don’t. ", "Migrating from Oracle to DB2 (different vendor), or from Oracle to MongoDB (different DBMS type) is mostly motivated by political decisions rather than technical ones. ", "Specifically, people don’t migrate from RDBMS to NoSQL databases entirely. ", "They usually just implement a specific domain with NoSQL (e.g. document storage, or graph traversal)\n\nAssuming that the above really applies to you (it may, of course, not apply): If your RDBMS is in the middle of your system, then running queues in your RDBMS to communicate between system components is quite an obvious choice, isn’t it? ", "All system parts are already connected to the database. ", "Why not keep it that way?", "\n\nConclusion\n\nThe arguments listed here are all pretty obvious and pragmatic. ", "At some point, they no longer hold true, as your messaging demands are really big enough to justify the integration with a sophisticated MQ system.", "\n\nBut many people have strong opinions about the “hammer / nail” argument. ", "Those opinions may be correct but premature. ", "Very often in software engineering, it is entirely acceptable and sufficient to work with just one tool. ", "The hammer of software: The RDBMS." ]

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[ "Top Nav\n\nCease-fire breaks down between Yemeni army, tribes\n\nAnti-government protestors and relatives carry the bodies of tribesmen loyal to Sheik Sadeq al-Ahmar, the head of the powerful Hashid tribe, who were killed last week in clashes with Yemeni security forces, during their funeral procession in Sanaa, Yemen, Monday, May 30, 2011. ", "Yemeni warplanes carried out airstrikes Monday on a southern town seized by hundreds of Islamic militants over the weekend, witnesses said, as the political crisis surrounding the embattled president descended into more bloodshed. (", "AP Photo/Hani Mohammed)\n\nSANAA, Yemen (AP) — Heavy fighting resumed Tuesday in Yemen's capital between government troops and followers of the country's most powerful tribal leader, ending a brief cease-fire and again raising the prospect that Yemen's political crisis could veer into civil war.", "\n\nGovernment forces attacked the heavily guarded home of Sheik Sadeq al-Ahmar, who heads the most powerful tribal confederation in Yemen and has turned against the embattled president to join the protest movement that has been seeking his ouster since early February.", "\n\nAl-Ahmar's armed followers fought back and reoccupied several government buildings they had seized in the first round of fighting between the sides last week. ", "There was no immediate information on casualties.", "\n\nA resident of the capital, Talal Hazza, said an artillery shell exploded outside his home and another destroyed his neighbor's house.", "\n\nHazza says the fighting is preventing ambulances from reaching the wounded.", "\n\nBeyond the capital, violence has erupted in the southern city of Taiz, which has been a hotbed of anti-government protests since the early days of the uprising against President Ali Abdullah Saleh.", "\n\nSoldiers backed by tanks and bulldozers have moved in to smash a tent camp in a central square in the city and also destroyed a field hospital that had been set up in anticipation of such an attack. ", "A doctor who witnessed the attack said at least 20 people were killed on Monday.", "\n\nOn Tuesday, the U.N.'s human rights office in Geneva said it has received reports from Yemen that more than 50 people have been killed by pro-government forces in Taiz since Sunday. ", "U.N. High Commissioner for Human Rights Navi Pillay cautioned that the reports \"remain to be fully verified.\"", "\n\nPillay said in a statement that \"such reprehensible acts of violence and indiscriminate attacks on unarmed civilians by armed security officers must stop immediately.\"", "\n\n(Copyright 2011 Associated Press. ", "All Rights Reserved. ", "This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed.)" ]

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[ "My Anxious Mind\n\nAs a child, I was always reserved, quick to shy away from any situation I deemed “dangerous.\" ", "Things as simple as saying a quick hello to a classmate or greeting a teacher upon my arrival were a feat to me. ", "During the rare occasions when I did decide to do these things, I felt as if I had just won a medal. ", "No seriously. ", "I felt great. ", "Little did I know this might have been the start of something much more severe.", "\n\nMy early teen years were a buzz of preparing for the next stage in my life, and I didn’t put much thought into my emotional and mental state. ", "Around the age of 15, I knew something was terribly wrong. ", "I would refuse to leave the house for days at a time. ", "It’s not that I didn’t want to be outside. ", "In fact, most of the time I would want to be exploring the outside world, socializing with people. ", "It’s that I couldn’t force myself actually to do it. ", "It was like my house was a safe refuge from the lava that would engulf me if I even tried to step out that door.", "\n\nThe well-known children’s game of avoiding the hot liquid was my reality now. ", "Except the lava was the people and the safe spot was my room. ", "Occasionally I would force myself to go on walks even though it was probably the most uncomfortable thing in the world to me. ", "People thought I was weird, and I didn’t blame them. ", "I figured I was weird too.", "Many times I had to turn down many opportunities because I couldn’t cope with the stress of pushing myself to do things any longer. ", "The decision to avoid scary situations led a lot of people to dismiss me as rude or anti-social when in fact, the one thing I wanted to do was socialize.", "\n\nI began questioning myself, wondering why a simple task could be so difficult for me. ", "I didn’t understand why I was such a different person. ", "I wanted to go to shopping, but I would flock away from the opportunity when it came to me. ", "I wanted to see that place down the street but flinched at the idea of actually going. ", "I just couldn’t comprehend how hard was it to do something you wanted. ", "I mean most people when given the opportunity to do something they’ve been thinking about for weeks would jump for joy a the mere mention of it. ", "But I was different. ", "I just couldn’t put my finger on what it was.", "\n\nAs the days went by, my anxiety continued to peak. ", "Not only was I afraid to go to the mall, but I also began worrying about almost everything. ", "My spare time was filled with constant obsessions over the future. ", "What am I going to do after high school? ", "What college should I attend? ", "Am I good enough to succeed in life? ", "These questions haunted me, forcing me awake some nights, fearing what the future might have in store for me. ", "Not to mention I hadn’t had the slightest idea about how financial things worked. ", "The terminology that banks used scared me, and I would leave confused and unsure of how I would make it on my own in the real world.", "\n\nMy embarrassment and shame for my condition led me to push others away. ", "My friend circle got a lot smaller, not that I minded, though, as I was so caught up in my thoughts that I didn’t have enough thinking space to occupy too many thoughts about other people. ", "My mind was filled with contemplation about either what went wrong or what could go wrong. ", "That was on good days. ", "On bad days, well, my mind was filled with both. ", "The best of both worlds. ", "By best I mean the most annoying parts of both worlds smashed up together.", "\n\nAfter a long time of avoiding my problems, I knew that this was not how I wanted my life to be like. ", "By this time I knew that I was living with a generalized anxiety disorder. ", "I had already sought out my doctor and had him explain to me different ways to cope. ", "Despite having a nonexistent support system outside of doctors, I managed to ease some of the tension. ", "I didn’t see my anxiety as something weird anymore.", "\n\nThis is not to say that I am perfectly fine now. ", "I still struggle with anxiety. ", "I am learning to accept it and not let it control my life. ", "We are all on this journey of life together. ", "We fall and make mistakes and get back up again. ", "We are a community that is growing together. ", "The best thing you can do for someone suffering from anxiety is just there.", "\n\nWe need to support each other as fellow human beings. ", "I hope that by sharing my story, the stigma of mental health is felt less by those who read it." ]

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[ "Cardboard Letter L\n\nThese freestanding Corrugated Cardboard letters are great to display on a shelf or table. ", "Each letter is layered with corrugated cardboard and made in the USA. ", "Combine letters to spell out a name, brand or a saying to attract customers. ", "The cardboard letters are lightweight, versatile and can be painted, covered in paper and embellished to match any décor or style." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }

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[ "Q:\n\nhow do i get src and value of picture from html, and store it into a php variable?", "\n\ni know DOMdocument can be used\n$html = '<img id=\"garden\" value=\"yellow\" src=\"/images/flowers.png\"\n alt=\"Image\" width=\"100\" height=\"100\" />';\n\n$doc = new DOMDocument();\n$doc->loadHTML($html);\n$xpath = new DOMXPath($doc);\n$src = $xpath->evaluate(\"string(//img/@src)\"); # \"/images/image.jpg\"\n\nBut how do i get the src and value from the img tag without hardcoding the whole tag into the $html variable?", "\n<img id=\"garden\" value=\"yellow\" src=\"/images/flowers.png\"\n alt=\"Image\" width=\"100\" height=\"100\" />\n\nA:\n\nThis will do\n<?", "php\n$html='<img id=\"garden\" value=\"yellow\" src=\"/images/flowers.png\"\n alt=\"Image\" width=\"100\" height=\"100\" />';\n$dom = new DOMDocument;\n$dom->loadHTML($html);\nforeach ($dom->getElementsByTagName('img') as $tag) {\n\necho $tag->getAttribute('value'); // \"prints\" yellow\n echo \"<br>\";\necho $tag->getAttribute('src'); // \"prints\" /images/flowers.png\n}\n\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "StackExchange" }

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[ "The Human Cloning Prohibition Act of 2001: vagueness and federalism.", "\nOn July 31, 2001, the U.S. House of Representatives passed The Human Cloning Prohibition Act of 2001. ", "The legislation proposes a complete ban on somatic cell nuclear transfer to create cloned human embryos; it threatens transgressors with criminal punishment and civil fines. ", "House Bill 2505 is the first human cloning prohibition to pass either chamber of Congress. ", "This note argues that the bill is unconstitutionally vague and inconsistent with the Supreme Court's recent Commerce Clause jurisprudence." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }

[ 0.0006154568982310593, 0.0006655091419816017, 0.0016685971058905125, 0.0008450940367765725, 0.0006504314369522035 ]

[ "Elodie Picard\n\nElodie Picard (born 8 September 1997) is a field hockey player from Belgium, who plays as a goalkeeper.", "\n\nCareer\n\nClub hockey\nIn the Belgian Hockey League, Picard plays club hockey for Royal Antwerp HC.", "\n\nNational teams\n\nUnder–18\nIn 2015, Elodie Picard was a member of the Belgium U–18 team at the EuroHockey Youth Championship in Santander.", "\n\nUnder–21\nPicard won her first medal with Belgium in 2017 as a member of the Under–21 side. ", "She represented the team at the EuroHockey Junior Championship in Valencia. ", "The team finished second, taking home a silver medal.", "\n\nRed Panthers\nElodie Picard made her debut for the Belgium 'Red Panthers' in 2018 during a test series against Argentina in Buenos Aires.", "\n\nIn 2019 she was a member of the national squad for the inaugural tournament of the FIH Pro League. ", "Later that year in August she represented the team at the EuroHockey Nations Championship in Antwerp. ", "In December, Picard was named in the Belgium squad for the 2020 calendar year.", "\n\nReferences\n\nExternal Links\n\nElodie Picard at the European Hockey Federation\n\nCategory:1997 births\nCategory:Living people\nCategory:Female field hockey goalkeepers\nCategory:Belgian female field hockey players" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }

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[ "Gugchin\n\nGugchin (, also Romanized as Gūgchīn; also known as Gūgchī and Gukchin) is a village in Kahshang Rural District, in the Central District of Birjand County, South Khorasan Province, Iran. ", "At the 2006 census, its population was 273, in 87 families.", "\n\nReferences \n\nCategory:Populated places in Birjand County" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }

[ 0.0017902060644701123, 0.0008264848147518933, 0.0006283796392381191 ]

[ "<?", "xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\"?", ">\n<jasperReport xmlns=\"http://jasperreports.sourceforge.net/jasperreports\" xmlns:xsi=\"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance\" xsi:schemaLocation=\"http://jasperreports.sourceforge.net/jasperreports http://jasperreports.sourceforge.net/xsd/jasperreport.xsd\" name=\"report_details\" pageWidth=\"782\" pageHeight=\"595\" orientation=\"Landscape\" whenNoDataType=\"AllSectionsNoDetail\" columnWidth=\"782\" leftMargin=\"0\" rightMargin=\"0\" topMargin=\"0\" bottomMargin=\"0\">\n\t<property name=\"ireport.scriptlethandling\" value=\"0\"/>\n\t<property name=\"ireport.encoding\" value=\"UTF-8\"/>\n\t<import value=\"net.sf.jasperreports.engine.*\"/>\n\t<import value=\"java.util.*\"/>\n\t<import value=\"net.sf.jasperreports.engine.data.*\"/>\n\t<parameter name=\"nullwerte\" class=\"java.lang.", "Integer\">\n\t\t<defaultValueExpression><![CDATA[new Integer (0)]]></defaultValueExpression>\n\t</parameter>\n\t<parameter name=\"produktkategorie\" class=\"java.math.", "BigDecimal\">\n\t\t<defaultValueExpression><![CDATA[]]></defaultValueExpression>\n\t</parameter>\n\t<parameter name=\"product_id\" class=\"java.math.", "BigDecimal\">\n\t\t<defaultValueExpression><![CDATA[]]></defaultValueExpression>\n\t</parameter>\n\t<queryString>\n\t\t<![", "CDATA[-- Berechnung LUH und DLD \nselect g.*\nfrom\n(\n\nselect f.*, \n\ncase when f.dlb > 0 then round(f.absatz/f.dlb,2) else 0 end as luh,\n\ncase when f.absatz > 0 then round(360 * f.dlb / f.absatz,2) else 0 end as dld \n\n\n\n \n\nfrom \n\n(\n\nselect e.m_product_id, e.value, e.name, e.m_product_category_id, e.cat_name , case when e.qtyonhand is null then 0 else round(e.qtyonhand) end as qtyonhand, sum(e.absatz) as absatz,\n\nsum(e.meb0) as meb0, sum(e.meb1) as meb1, sum(e.meb2) as meb2, sum(e.meb3) as meb3, sum(e.meb4) as meb4, sum(e.meb5) as meb5, sum(e.meb6) as meb6, sum(e.meb7) as meb7, sum(e.meb8) as meb8, sum(e.meb9) as meb9, sum(e.meb10) as meb10, sum(e.meb11) as meb11\n\n, round((sum(e.meb0)+sum(e.meb1)+sum(e.meb2)+sum(e.meb3)+sum(e.meb4)+sum(e.meb5)+sum(e.meb6)+sum(e.meb7)+sum(e.meb8)+sum(e.meb9)+sum(e.meb10)+sum(e.meb11))/12,2) as dlb \n--/*\n, \nsum(e.a0)*-1 as a0,\nsum(e.a1)*-1 as a1,\nsum(e.a2)*-1 as a2,\nsum(e.a3)*-1 as a3,\nsum(e.a4)*-1 as a4,\nsum(e.a5)*-1 as a5,\nsum(e.a6)*-1 as a6,\nsum(e.a7)*-1 as a7,\nsum(e.a8)*-1 as a8,\nsum(e.a9)*-1 as a9,\nsum(e.a10)*-1 as a10,\nsum(e.a11)*-1 as a11\n--*/\n\nfrom\n\n(\n\n--Summierung der MEB und Ausgabe in eine Zeile \n\nselect \n\nd.m_product_id, d.value, d.name, d.m_product_category_id, d.cat_name , d.qtyonhand, sum (d.absatz)*-1 as absatz,\n\ncase when (date_trunc ('month',now()::date) + interval '1 month' - interval '1 day') = d.monat then sum(d.endbestand) else 0 end as meb0,\n\ncase when ((date_trunc ('month',now()::date) + interval '1 month' - interval '1 day' ) - interval '1 month') = d.monat then sum(d.endbestand) else 0 end as meb1,\n\ncase when ((date_trunc ('month',now()::date) + interval '1 month' - interval '1 day' ) - interval '2 month') = d.monat then sum(d.endbestand) else 0 end as meb2,\n\ncase when ((date_trunc ('month',now()::date) + interval '1 month' - interval '1 day' ) - interval '3 month') = d.monat then sum(d.endbestand) else 0 end as meb3,\n\ncase when ((date_trunc ('month',now()::date) + interval '1 month' - interval '1 day' ) - interval '4 month') = d.monat then sum(d.endbestand) else 0 end as meb4,\n\ncase when ((date_trunc ('month',now()::date) + interval '1 month' - interval '1 day' ) - interval '5 month') = d.monat then sum(d.endbestand) else 0 end as meb5,\n\ncase when ((date_trunc ('month',now()::date) + interval '1 month' - interval '1 day' ) - interval '6 month') = d.monat then sum(d.endbestand) else 0 end as meb6,\n\ncase when ((date_trunc ('month',now()::date) + interval '1 month' - interval '1 day' ) - interval '7 month') = d.monat then sum(d.endbestand) else 0 end as meb7,\n\ncase when ((date_trunc ('month',now()::date) + interval '1 month' - interval '1 day' ) - interval '8 month') = d.monat then sum(d.endbestand) else 0 end as meb8,\n\ncase when ((date_trunc ('month',now()::date) + interval '1 month' - interval '1 day' ) - interval '9 month') = d.monat then sum(d.endbestand) else 0 end as meb9,\n\ncase when ((date_trunc ('month',now()::date) + interval '1 month' - interval '1 day' ) - interval '10 month') = d.monat then sum(d.endbestand) else 0 end as meb10,\n\ncase when ((date_trunc ('month',now()::date) + interval '1 month' - interval '1 day' ) - interval '11 month') = d.monat then sum(d.endbestand) else 0 end as meb11,\n\n-- MEA\n--/*\ncase when (date_trunc ('month',now()::date) + interval '1 month' - interval '1 day') = d.monat then sum(d.absatz) else 0 end as a0,\n\ncase when ((date_trunc ('month',now()::date) + interval '1 month' - interval '1 day' ) - interval '1 month') = d.monat then sum(d.absatz) else 0 end as a1,\n\ncase when ((date_trunc ('month',now()::date) + interval '1 month' - interval '1 day' ) - interval '2 month') = d.monat then sum(d.absatz) else 0 end as a2,\n\ncase when ((date_trunc ('month',now()::date) + interval '1 month' - interval '1 day' ) - interval '3 month') = d.monat then sum(d.absatz) else 0 end as a3,\n\ncase when ((date_trunc ('month',now()::date) + interval '1 month' - interval '1 day' ) - interval '4 month') = d.monat then sum(d.absatz) else 0 end as a4,\n\ncase when ((date_trunc ('month',now()::date) + interval '1 month' - interval '1 day' ) - interval '5 month') = d.monat then sum(d.absatz) else 0 end as a5,\n\ncase when ((date_trunc ('month',now()::date) + interval '1 month' - interval '1 day' ) - interval '6 month') = d.monat then sum(d.absatz) else 0 end as a6,\n\ncase when ((date_trunc ('month',now()::date) + interval '1 month' - interval '1 day' ) - interval '7 month') = d.monat then sum(d.absatz) else 0 end as a7,\n\ncase when ((date_trunc ('month',now()::date) + interval '1 month' - interval '1 day' ) - interval '8 month') = d.monat then sum(d.absatz) else 0 end as a8,\n\ncase when ((date_trunc ('month',now()::date) + interval '1 month' - interval '1 day' ) - interval '9 month') = d.monat then sum(d.absatz) else 0 end as a9,\n\ncase when ((date_trunc ('month',now()::date) + interval '1 month' - interval '1 day' ) - interval '10 month') = d.monat then sum(d.absatz) else 0 end as a10,\n\ncase when ((date_trunc ('month',now()::date) + interval '1 month' - interval '1 day' ) - interval '11 month') = d.monat then sum(d.absatz) else 0 end as a11\n--*/\nfrom \n\n(\n\nselect \n\nc.m_product_id, c.value, c.name, c.m_product_category_id, c.cat_name , sum(c.movementqty) as movementqty, c.qtyonhand, sum(c.absatz) as absatz, c.monat, c.endbestand\n\nfrom \n\n(\n-- Sortieren von Werten zum letzten Tag eines jeden Monats\nselect \n\nb.m_product_id, b.value, b.name, b.m_product_category_id, b.cat_name as cat_name, sum(b.sum_movementqty) as movementqty, b.movementdate, b.qtyonhand, sum(b.absatz) as absatz, \n\n(date_trunc ('month', b.movementdate) + interval '1 month' - interval '1 day')::date as monat, \n\n \n\n(select sum(m_transaction.movementqty) from m_transaction where m_transaction.m_product_id = b.m_product_id\n\n and m_transaction.movementdate <= (date_trunc('month', b.movementdate) + interval '1 month' - interval '1 day')::date\n\n group by m_transaction.m_product_id \n\n) as endbestand\n\nfrom\n\n(\n-- Addition vom Anfangsbestand und vom Absatz\nselect \n\na.*, sum(s.qtyonhand) as qtyonhand, case when a.movementtype = 'C-' then a.sum_movementqty else 0 end as absatz \n\nfrom (\n-- Anzeige von Basisdaten ,_product_id, value, name, cat_name\nselect\n\np.m_product_id, p.value, p.name, p.m_product_category_id, pc.name as cat_name, sum(t.movementqty) as sum_movementqty, t.movementtype, t.movementdate \n\nfrom m_product p \n\nleft join m_product_category pc on p.m_product_category_id = pc.m_product_category_id \n\nleft join m_transaction t on p.m_product_id = t.m_product_id \n\ngroup by t.movementdate, p.m_product_id, p.value, p.name, p.m_product_category_id, pc.name,t.movementtype \n-- Union um zu überprüfen, ob MEB Werte wirklich 0 => Wareneingang minus Warenausgang gleich 0 \nunion\n\nselect\n\np.m_product_id, p.value, p.name, p.m_product_category_id, pc.name, 0, 'Z', date_trunc ('month',now()::date)\n\nfrom m_product p \n\nleft join m_product_category pc on p.m_product_category_id = pc.m_product_category_id \n\nleft join m_transaction t on p.m_product_id = t.m_product_id \n\ngroup by t.movementdate, p.m_product_id, p.value, p.name, p.m_product_category_id, pc.name,t.movementtype \n--Union um zu prüfen, wenn keine Transaktion, dann Wert vom vorherigen Monat nehmen\nunion\n\nselect\n\np.m_product_id, p.value, p.name, p.m_product_category_id, pc.name, 0, 'Z', date_trunc ('month',now()::date) - interval '1 month'\n\nfrom m_product p \n\nleft join m_product_category pc on p.m_product_category_id = pc.m_product_category_id \n\nleft join m_transaction t on p.m_product_id = t.m_product_id \n\ngroup by t.movementdate, p.m_product_id, p.value, p.name, p.m_product_category_id, pc.name,t.movementtype \n\nunion\n\nselect\n\np.m_product_id, p.value, p.name, p.m_product_category_id, pc.name, 0, 'Z', date_trunc ('month',now()::date) - interval '2 month'\n\nfrom m_product p \n\nleft join m_product_category pc on p.m_product_category_id = pc.m_product_category_id \n\nleft join m_transaction t on p.m_product_id = t.m_product_id \n\ngroup by t.movementdate, p.m_product_id, p.value, p.name, p.m_product_category_id, pc.name,t.movementtype \n\nunion\n\nselect\n\np.m_product_id, p.value, p.name, p.m_product_category_id, pc.name, 0, 'Z', date_trunc ('month',now()::date) - interval '3 month'\n\nfrom m_product p \n\nleft join m_product_category pc on p.m_product_category_id = pc.m_product_category_id \n\nleft join m_transaction t on p.m_product_id = t.m_product_id \n\ngroup by t.movementdate, p.m_product_id, p.value, p.name, p.m_product_category_id, pc.name,t.movementtype \n\nunion\n\nselect\n\np.m_product_id, p.value, p.name, p.m_product_category_id, pc.name, 0, 'Z', date_trunc ('month',now()::date) - interval '4 month'\n\nfrom m_product p \n\nleft join m_product_category pc on p.m_product_category_id = pc.m_product_category_id \n\nleft join m_transaction t on p.m_product_id = t.m_product_id \n\ngroup by t.movementdate, p.m_product_id, p.value, p.name, p.m_product_category_id, pc.name,t.movementtype \n\nunion\n\nselect\n\np.m_product_id, p.value, p.name, p.m_product_category_id, pc.name, 0, 'Z', date_trunc ('month',now()::date) - interval '5 month'\n\nfrom m_product p \n\nleft join m_product_category pc on p.m_product_category_id = pc.m_product_category_id \n\nleft join m_transaction t on p.m_product_id = t.m_product_id \n\ngroup by t.movementdate, p.m_product_id, p.value, p.name, p.m_product_category_id, pc.name,t.movementtype \n\nunion\n\nselect\n\np.m_product_id, p.value, p.name, p.m_product_category_id, pc.name, 0, 'Z', date_trunc ('month',now()::date) - interval '6 month'\n\nfrom m_product p \n\nleft join m_product_category pc on p.m_product_category_id = pc.m_product_category_id \n\nleft join m_transaction t on p.m_product_id = t.m_product_id \n\ngroup by t.movementdate, p.m_product_id, p.value, p.name, p.m_product_category_id, pc.name,t.movementtype \n\nunion\n\nselect\n\np.m_product_id, p.value, p.name, p.m_product_category_id, pc.name, 0, 'Z', date_trunc ('month',now()::date) - interval '7 month'\n\nfrom m_product p \n\nleft join m_product_category pc on p.m_product_category_id = pc.m_product_category_id \n\nleft join m_transaction t on p.m_product_id = t.m_product_id \n\ngroup by t.movementdate, p.m_product_id, p.value, p.name, p.m_product_category_id, pc.name,t.movementtype \n\nunion\n\nselect\n\np.m_product_id, p.value, p.name, p.m_product_category_id, pc.name, 0, 'Z', date_trunc ('month',now()::date) - interval '8 month'\n\nfrom m_product p \n\nleft join m_product_category pc on p.m_product_category_id = pc.m_product_category_id \n\nleft join m_transaction t on p.m_product_id = t.m_product_id \n\ngroup by t.movementdate, p.m_product_id, p.value, p.name, p.m_product_category_id, pc.name,t.movementtype \n\nunion\n\nselect\n\np.m_product_id, p.value, p.name, p.m_product_category_id, pc.name, 0, 'Z', date_trunc ('month',now()::date) - interval '9 month'\n\nfrom m_product p \n\nleft join m_product_category pc on p.m_product_category_id = pc.m_product_category_id \n\nleft join m_transaction t on p.m_product_id = t.m_product_id \n\ngroup by t.movementdate, p.m_product_id, p.value, p.name, p.m_product_category_id, pc.name,t.movementtype \n\nunion\n\nselect\n\np.m_product_id, p.value, p.name, p.m_product_category_id, pc.name, 0, 'Z', date_trunc ('month',now()::date) - interval '10 month'\n\nfrom m_product p \n\nleft join m_product_category pc on p.m_product_category_id = pc.m_product_category_id \n\nleft join m_transaction t on p.m_product_id = t.m_product_id \n\ngroup by t.movementdate, p.m_product_id, p.value, p.name, p.m_product_category_id, pc.name,t.movementtype \n\nunion\n\nselect\n\np.m_product_id, p.value, p.name, p.m_product_category_id, pc.name, 0, 'Z', date_trunc ('month',now()::date) - interval '11 month'\n\nfrom m_product p \n\nleft join m_product_category pc on p.m_product_category_id = pc.m_product_category_id \n\nleft join m_transaction t on p.m_product_id = t.m_product_id \n\ngroup by t.movementdate, p.m_product_id, p.value, p.name, p.m_product_category_id, pc.name,t.movementtype \n\n) as a\n\nleft join m_storage s on a.m_product_id = s.m_product_id \n\ngroup by a.movementdate, a.m_product_id, a.value, a.name, a.m_product_category_id, a.cat_name, a.movementtype, a.sum_movementqty \n\n) as b\n\ngroup by b.m_product_id, b.movementdate, b.value, b.name, b.m_product_category_id, b.cat_name, b.qtyonhand\n\n) as c \n\ngroup by c.m_product_id, c.value, c.name, c.m_product_category_id, c.cat_name , c.qtyonhand, c.monat, c.endbestand\n\n) as d\n\ngroup by d.m_product_id, d.value, d.name, d.m_product_category_id, d.cat_name, d.qtyonhand, d.monat\n\n) as e\n\ngroup by e.m_product_id, e.value, e.name, e.m_product_category_id, e.cat_name, e.qtyonhand\n\n) as f\n\n) as g\nwhere \n\ng.dld > $P{nullwerte} and m_product_category_id = $P{produktkategorie} and m_product_id >= $P{product_id}]]>\n\t</queryString>\n\t<field name=\"m_product_id\" class=\"java.math.", "BigDecimal\">\n\t\t<fieldDescription><![CDATA[]]></fieldDescription>\n\t</field>\n\t<field name=\"value\" class=\"java.lang.", "String\">\n\t\t<fieldDescription><![CDATA[]]></fieldDescription>\n\t</field>\n\t<field name=\"name\" class=\"java.lang.", "String\">\n\t\t<fieldDescription><![CDATA[]]></fieldDescription>\n\t</field>\n\t<field name=\"m_product_category_id\" class=\"java.math.", "BigDecimal\">\n\t\t<fieldDescription><![CDATA[]]></fieldDescription>\n\t</field>\n\t<field name=\"cat_name\" class=\"java.lang.", "String\">\n\t\t<fieldDescription><![CDATA[]]></fieldDescription>\n\t</field>\n\t<field name=\"qtyonhand\" class=\"java.math.", "BigDecimal\">\n\t\t<fieldDescription><![CDATA[]]></fieldDescription>\n\t</field>\n\t<field name=\"absatz\" class=\"java.math.", "BigDecimal\">\n\t\t<fieldDescription><![CDATA[]]></fieldDescription>\n\t</field>\n\t<field name=\"meb0\" class=\"java.math.", "BigDecimal\">\n\t\t<fieldDescription><![CDATA[]]></fieldDescription>\n\t</field>\n\t<field name=\"meb1\" class=\"java.math.", "BigDecimal\">\n\t\t<fieldDescription><![CDATA[]]></fieldDescription>\n\t</field>\n\t<field name=\"meb2\" class=\"java.math.", "BigDecimal\">\n\t\t<fieldDescription><![CDATA[]]></fieldDescription>\n\t</field>\n\t<field name=\"meb3\" class=\"java.math.", "BigDecimal\">\n\t\t<fieldDescription><![CDATA[]]></fieldDescription>\n\t</field>\n\t<field name=\"meb4\" class=\"java.math.", "BigDecimal\">\n\t\t<fieldDescription><![CDATA[]]></fieldDescription>\n\t</field>\n\t<field name=\"meb5\" class=\"java.math.", "BigDecimal\">\n\t\t<fieldDescription><![CDATA[]]></fieldDescription>\n\t</field>\n\t<field name=\"meb6\" class=\"java.math.", "BigDecimal\">\n\t\t<fieldDescription><![CDATA[]]></fieldDescription>\n\t</field>\n\t<field name=\"meb7\" class=\"java.math.", "BigDecimal\">\n\t\t<fieldDescription><![CDATA[]]></fieldDescription>\n\t</field>\n\t<field name=\"meb8\" class=\"java.math.", "BigDecimal\">\n\t\t<fieldDescription><![CDATA[]]></fieldDescription>\n\t</field>\n\t<field name=\"meb9\" class=\"java.math.", "BigDecimal\">\n\t\t<fieldDescription><![CDATA[]]></fieldDescription>\n\t</field>\n\t<field name=\"meb10\" class=\"java.math.", "BigDecimal\">\n\t\t<fieldDescription><![CDATA[]]></fieldDescription>\n\t</field>\n\t<field name=\"meb11\" class=\"java.math.", "BigDecimal\">\n\t\t<fieldDescription><![CDATA[]]></fieldDescription>\n\t</field>\n\t<field name=\"dlb\" class=\"java.math.", "BigDecimal\">\n\t\t<fieldDescription><![CDATA[]]></fieldDescription>\n\t</field>\n\t<field name=\"a0\" class=\"java.math.", "BigDecimal\">\n\t\t<fieldDescription><![CDATA[]]></fieldDescription>\n\t</field>\n\t<field name=\"a1\" class=\"java.math.", "BigDecimal\">\n\t\t<fieldDescription><![CDATA[]]></fieldDescription>\n\t</field>\n\t<field name=\"a2\" class=\"java.math.", "BigDecimal\">\n\t\t<fieldDescription><![CDATA[]]></fieldDescription>\n\t</field>\n\t<field name=\"a3\" class=\"java.math.", "BigDecimal\">\n\t\t<fieldDescription><![CDATA[]]></fieldDescription>\n\t</field>\n\t<field name=\"a4\" class=\"java.math.", "BigDecimal\">\n\t\t<fieldDescription><![CDATA[]]></fieldDescription>\n\t</field>\n\t<field name=\"a5\" class=\"java.math.", "BigDecimal\">\n\t\t<fieldDescription><![CDATA[]]></fieldDescription>\n\t</field>\n\t<field name=\"a6\" class=\"java.math.", "BigDecimal\">\n\t\t<fieldDescription><![CDATA[]]></fieldDescription>\n\t</field>\n\t<field name=\"a7\" class=\"java.math.", "BigDecimal\">\n\t\t<fieldDescription><![CDATA[]]></fieldDescription>\n\t</field>\n\t<field name=\"a8\" class=\"java.math.", "BigDecimal\">\n\t\t<fieldDescription><![CDATA[]]></fieldDescription>\n\t</field>\n\t<field name=\"a9\" class=\"java.math.", "BigDecimal\">\n\t\t<fieldDescription><![CDATA[]]></fieldDescription>\n\t</field>\n\t<field name=\"a10\" class=\"java.math.", "BigDecimal\">\n\t\t<fieldDescription><![CDATA[]]></fieldDescription>\n\t</field>\n\t<field name=\"a11\" class=\"java.math.", "BigDecimal\">\n\t\t<fieldDescription><![CDATA[]]></fieldDescription>\n\t</field>\n\t<field name=\"luh\" class=\"java.math.", "BigDecimal\">\n\t\t<fieldDescription><![CDATA[]]></fieldDescription>\n\t</field>\n\t<field name=\"dld\" class=\"java.math.", "BigDecimal\">\n\t\t<fieldDescription><![CDATA[]]></fieldDescription>\n\t</field>\n\t<variable name=\"qtytobook_sum\" class=\"java.math.", "BigDecimal\" calculation=\"Sum\">\n\t\t<variableExpression><![CDATA[]]></variableExpression>\n\t</variable>\n\t<filterExpression><![CDATA[new Boolean(true)]]></filterExpression>\n\t<group name=\"Zeile\">\n\t\t<groupExpression><![CDATA[]]></groupExpression>\n\t\t<groupHeader>\n\t\t\t<band splitType=\"Stretch\"/>\n\t\t</groupHeader>\n\t\t<groupFooter>\n\t\t\t<band height=\"28\" splitType=\"Stretch\">\n\t\t\t\t<rectangle>\n\t\t\t\t\t<reportElement key=\"rectangle-3\" x=\"0\" y=\"14\" width=\"782\" height=\"14\" backcolor=\"#808080\"/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<graphicElement>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<pen lineWidth=\"0.0\" lineStyle=\"Solid\"/>\n\t\t\t\t\t</graphicElement>\n\t\t\t\t</rectangle>\n\t\t\t</band>\n\t\t</groupFooter>\n\t</group>\n\t<group name=\"PK\">\n\t\t<groupExpression><![CDATA[]]></groupExpression>\n\t</group>\n\t<group name=\"m_product_id\">\n\t\t<groupExpression><![CDATA[$F{m_product_id}]]></groupExpression>\n\t\t<groupHeader>\n\t\t\t<band/>\n\t\t</groupHeader>\n\t\t<groupFooter>\n\t\t\t<band/>\n\t\t</groupFooter>\n\t</group>\n\t<background>\n\t\t<band splitType=\"Stretch\"/>\n\t</background>\n\t<title>\n\t\t<band splitType=\"Stretch\"/>\n\t</title>\n\t<pageHeader>\n\t\t<band height=\"31\" splitType=\"Stretch\">\n\t\t\t<rectangle>\n\t\t\t\t<reportElement key=\"rectangle-1\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"782\" height=\"31\" backcolor=\"#808080\"/>\n\t\t\t\t<graphicElement>\n\t\t\t\t\t<pen lineWidth=\"0.0\" lineStyle=\"Solid\"/>\n\t\t\t\t</graphicElement>\n\t\t\t</rectangle>\n\t\t\t<staticText>\n\t\t\t\t<reportElement x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"94\" height=\"14\" forecolor=\"#FFFFFF\"/>\n\t\t\t\t<textElement>\n\t\t\t\t\t<font size=\"9\"/>\n\t\t\t\t</textElement>\n\t\t\t\t<text><![CDATA[Art-Nr.]]></text>\n\t\t\t</staticText>\n\t\t\t<staticText>\n\t\t\t\t<reportElement x=\"0\" y=\"14\" width=\"94\" height=\"14\" forecolor=\"#FFFFFF\"/>\n\t\t\t\t<textElement>\n\t\t\t\t\t<font size=\"9\"/>\n\t\t\t\t</textElement>\n\t\t\t\t<text><![CDATA[Art-Name.]]></text>\n\t\t\t</staticText>\n\t\t\t<staticText>\n\t\t\t\t<reportElement x=\"94\" y=\"0\" width=\"74\" height=\"28\" forecolor=\"#FFFFFF\"/>\n\t\t\t\t<textElement>\n\t\t\t\t\t<font size=\"9\"/>\n\t\t\t\t</textElement>\n\t\t\t\t<text><![CDATA[Produktkategorie]]></text>\n\t\t\t</staticText>\n\t\t\t<staticText>\n\t\t\t\t<reportElement x=\"168\" y=\"0\" width=\"18\" height=\"28\" forecolor=\"#FFFFFF\"/>\n\t\t\t\t<textElement textAlignment=\"Right\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<font size=\"9\"/>\n\t\t\t\t</textElement>\n\t\t\t\t<text><![CDATA[AB]]></text>\n\t\t\t</staticText>\n\t\t\t<staticText>\n\t\t\t\t<reportElement x=\"190\" y=\"0\" width=\"30\" height=\"28\" forecolor=\"#FFFFFF\"/>\n\t\t\t\t<textElement textAlignment=\"Right\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<font size=\"9\"/>\n\t\t\t\t</textElement>\n\t\t\t\t<text><![CDATA[Absatz]]></text>\n\t\t\t</staticText>\n\t\t\t<staticText>\n\t\t\t\t<reportElement x=\"225\" y=\"0\" width=\"20\" height=\"14\" forecolor=\"#FFFFFF\"/>\n\t\t\t\t<textElement textAlignment=\"Right\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<font size=\"9\"/>\n\t\t\t\t</textElement>\n\t\t\t\t<text><![CDATA[B0]]></text>\n\t\t\t</staticText>\n\t\t\t<staticText>\n\t\t\t\t<reportElement x=\"245\" y=\"0\" width=\"20\" height=\"14\" forecolor=\"#FFFFFF\"/>\n\t\t\t\t<textElement textAlignment=\"Right\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<font size=\"9\"/>\n\t\t\t\t</textElement>\n\t\t\t\t<text><![CDATA[B1]]></text>\n\t\t\t</staticText>\n\t\t\t<staticText>\n\t\t\t\t<reportElement x=\"265\" y=\"0\" width=\"20\" height=\"14\" forecolor=\"#FFFFFF\"/>\n\t\t\t\t<textElement textAlignment=\"Right\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<font size=\"9\"/>\n\t\t\t\t</textElement>\n\t\t\t\t<text><![CDATA[B2]]></text>\n\t\t\t</staticText>\n\t\t\t<staticText>\n\t\t\t\t<reportElement x=\"285\" y=\"0\" width=\"20\" height=\"14\" forecolor=\"#FFFFFF\"/>\n\t\t\t\t<textElement textAlignment=\"Right\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<font size=\"9\"/>\n\t\t\t\t</textElement>\n\t\t\t\t<text><![CDATA[B3]]></text>\n\t\t\t</staticText>\n\t\t\t<staticText>\n\t\t\t\t<reportElement x=\"305\" y=\"0\" width=\"20\" height=\"14\" forecolor=\"#FFFFFF\"/>\n\t\t\t\t<textElement textAlignment=\"Right\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<font size=\"9\"/>\n\t\t\t\t</textElement>\n\t\t\t\t<text><![CDATA[B4]]></text>\n\t\t\t</staticText>\n\t\t\t<staticText>\n\t\t\t\t<reportElement x=\"324\" y=\"0\" width=\"20\" height=\"14\" forecolor=\"#FFFFFF\"/>\n\t\t\t\t<textElement textAlignment=\"Right\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<font size=\"9\"/>\n\t\t\t\t</textElement>\n\t\t\t\t<text><![CDATA[B5]]></text>\n\t\t\t</staticText>\n\t\t\t<staticText>\n\t\t\t\t<reportElement x=\"344\" y=\"0\" width=\"20\" height=\"14\" forecolor=\"#FFFFFF\"/>\n\t\t\t\t<textElement textAlignment=\"Right\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<font size=\"9\"/>\n\t\t\t\t</textElement>\n\t\t\t\t<text><![CDATA[B6]]></text>\n\t\t\t</staticText>\n\t\t\t<staticText>\n\t\t\t\t<reportElement x=\"364\" y=\"0\" width=\"20\" height=\"14\" forecolor=\"#FFFFFF\"/>\n\t\t\t\t<textElement textAlignment=\"Right\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<font size=\"9\"/>\n\t\t\t\t</textElement>\n\t\t\t\t<text><![CDATA[B7]]></text>\n\t\t\t</staticText>\n\t\t\t<staticText>\n\t\t\t\t<reportElement x=\"384\" y=\"0\" width=\"20\" height=\"14\" forecolor=\"#FFFFFF\"/>\n\t\t\t\t<textElement textAlignment=\"Right\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<font size=\"9\"/>\n\t\t\t\t</textElement>\n\t\t\t\t<text><![CDATA[B8]]></text>\n\t\t\t</staticText>\n\t\t\t<staticText>\n\t\t\t\t<reportElement x=\"404\" y=\"0\" width=\"20\" height=\"14\" forecolor=\"#FFFFFF\"/>\n\t\t\t\t<textElement textAlignment=\"Right\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<font size=\"9\"/>\n\t\t\t\t</textElement>\n\t\t\t\t<text><![CDATA[B9]]></text>\n\t\t\t</staticText>\n\t\t\t<staticText>\n\t\t\t\t<reportElement x=\"424\" y=\"0\" width=\"20\" height=\"14\" forecolor=\"#FFFFFF\"/>\n\t\t\t\t<textElement textAlignment=\"Right\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<font size=\"9\"/>\n\t\t\t\t</textElement>\n\t\t\t\t<text><![CDATA[B10]]></text>\n\t\t\t</staticText>\n\t\t\t<staticText>\n\t\t\t\t<reportElement x=\"444\" y=\"0\" width=\"20\" height=\"14\" forecolor=\"#FFFFFF\"/>\n\t\t\t\t<textElement textAlignment=\"Right\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<font size=\"9\"/>\n\t\t\t\t</textElement>\n\t\t\t\t<text><![CDATA[B11]]></text>\n\t\t\t</staticText>\n\t\t\t<staticText>\n\t\t\t\t<reportElement x=\"674\" y=\"0\" width=\"25\" height=\"28\" forecolor=\"#FFFFFF\"/>\n\t\t\t\t<textElement textAlignment=\"Right\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<font size=\"9\"/>\n\t\t\t\t</textElement>\n\t\t\t\t<text><![CDATA[Ø LB]]></text>\n\t\t\t</staticText>\n\t\t\t<staticText>\n\t\t\t\t<reportElement x=\"699\" y=\"0\" width=\"25\" height=\"28\" forecolor=\"#FFFFFF\"/>\n\t\t\t\t<textElement textAlignment=\"Right\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<font size=\"9\"/>\n\t\t\t\t</textElement>\n\t\t\t\t<text><![CDATA[LUH]]></text>\n\t\t\t</staticText>\n\t\t\t<staticText>\n\t\t\t\t<reportElement x=\"724\" y=\"0\" width=\"35\" height=\"28\" forecolor=\"#FFFFFF\"/>\n\t\t\t\t<textElement textAlignment=\"Right\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<font size=\"9\"/>\n\t\t\t\t</textElement>\n\t\t\t\t<text><![CDATA[Ø LD]]></text>\n\t\t\t</staticText>\n\t\t\t<staticText>\n\t\t\t\t<reportElement x=\"225\" y=\"14\" width=\"20\" height=\"14\" forecolor=\"#FFFFFF\"/>\n\t\t\t\t<textElement textAlignment=\"Right\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<font size=\"9\"/>\n\t\t\t\t</textElement>\n\t\t\t\t<text><![CDATA[A0]]></text>\n\t\t\t</staticText>\n\t\t\t<staticText>\n\t\t\t\t<reportElement x=\"245\" y=\"14\" width=\"20\" height=\"14\" forecolor=\"#FFFFFF\"/>\n\t\t\t\t<textElement textAlignment=\"Right\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<font size=\"9\"/>\n\t\t\t\t</textElement>\n\t\t\t\t<text><![CDATA[A1]]></text>\n\t\t\t</staticText>\n\t\t\t<staticText>\n\t\t\t\t<reportElement x=\"265\" y=\"14\" width=\"20\" 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[ " IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS\n FOR THE FIFTH CIRCUIT\n\n\n\n No. ", "98-20909\n Conference Calendar\n\n\n\nUNITED STATES OF AMERICA,\n\n Plaintiff-Appellee,\n\nversus\n\nLARRY MASTERS,\n\n Defendant-Appellant.", "\n\n --------------------\n Appeal from the United States District Court\n for the Southern District of Texas\n USDC No. ", "H-89-CR-322-2\n --------------------\n\n October 19, 1999\n\nBefore JONES, SMITH, and STEWART, Circuit Judges\n\nPER CURIAM:*\n\n Larry Masters appeals the district court’s order extending\n\nhis supervised release through August 30, 1999. ", " He contends that\n\nthe district court’s basis for the extension was unlawful and\n\nasks this court to vacate the district court’s order and remand\n\nfor termination of the term of supervised release.", "\n\n This extended term of supervised release, however, ended\n\nAugust 30, 1999. ", " Accordingly, this appeal is moot, as this court\n\ncan no longer grant Masters the relief he seeks. ", " See Bailey v.\n\n\n *\n Pursuant to 5TH CIR. ", "R. 47.5, the court has determined\nthat this opinion should not be published and is not precedent\nexcept under the limited circumstances set forth in 5TH CIR.", "\nR. 47.5.4.", "\n\f No. ", "98-20909\n -2-\n\nSoutherland, 821 F.2d 277, 278 (5th Cir. ", "1987). ", " Because this\n\nappeal is moot, it is\n\nDISMISSED.", "\n\f" ]

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[ "1. ", "Field of the Invention\nThe present invention relates to a night vision system, and more particularly to an improved photocathode for use in a night vision image intensifier tube.", "\n2. ", "Description of the Related Art\nNight vision systems are commonly used by military and law enforcement personnel for conducting operations in low light or night conditions. ", "Night vision systems are also used to assist pilots of helicopters or airplanes in flying at night.", "\nA night vision system converts the available low intensity ambient light to a visible image. ", "These systems require some residual light, such as moon or star light, in which to operate. ", "The ambient light is intensified by the night vision scope to produce an output image which is visible to the human eye. ", "The present generation of night vision scopes utilize image intensification technologies to intensify the low level of visible light and also make visible the light from the infra-red spectrum. ", "The image intensification process involves conversion of the received ambient light into electron patterns and projection of the electron patterns onto a phosphor screen for conversion of the electron patterns into light visible to the observer. ", "This visible light is then viewed by the operator through a lens provided in the eyepiece of the system.", "\nThe typical night vision system has an optics portion and a control portion. ", "The optics portion comprises lenses for focusing on the desired target, and an image intensifier tube. ", "The image intensifier tube performs the image intensification process described above, and comprises a photocathode to convert the light energy into electron patterns, a micro channel plate to multiply the electrons, a phosphor screen to convert the electron patterns into light, and a fiber optic transfer window to invert the image. ", "The control portion comprises the electronic circuitry necessary for controlling and powering the optical portion of the night vision system.", "\nThe limiting factor of the image intensification tube is the photocathode. ", "The most advanced photocathodes are the third generation, or Gen 3 tubes, which have a long wavelength spectral response cut-off which corresponds to light having a wavelength of 940 nanometers. ", "Thus, infra-red light having wavelengths above that range cannot be seen using the Gen 3 tube. ", "Since there is an abundance of night sky radiation in the longer wavelengths, and various ground elements, such as foliage, have high reflectance at those wavelengths, it would be desirable for a night vision system to be able to receive those wavelengths. ", "In addition, laser beams used by potentially hostile forces for targeting purposes operate at wavelengths of 1060 nanometers, and it would be particularly desirable for a night vision system to be able to detect these laser beams.", "\nIt has long been hypothesized by those skilled in the art that a photocathode having an indium-gallium-arsenide (InGaAs) active layer would provide the desired response characteristics. ", "To date, InGaAs had only been used in the reflection mode and not in the transmission mode. ", "Reflection mode refers to a usage of a semiconductor photocathode material in which electrons are emitted from a surface of the semiconductor in response to light energy striking the same surface. ", "Reflection mode usage is typical in semiconductor cathodes housed inside vacuum tubes. ", "Transmission mode refers to a usage of a semiconductor photocathode in which light energy strikes a first surface and electrons are emitted from an opposite surface. ", "Photocathodes as used in modern night vision systems operate in the transmission mode. ", "Reflection mode semiconductors are not suited for use as a photocathode in a compact image intensification tube, since the usage requires the emitted electrons to exit from the photocathode at an end opposite to that which the light energy first engaged the photocathode.", "\nHowever, despite great effort by government and industry technical personnel, a transmission mode InGaAs photocathode could not be manufactured. ", "Designers were not only unable to make the InGaAs layer thin enough to be effective in the transmission mode, but were also unable to make the layer supported with an optical window layer necessary for the photocathode. ", "For a transmission mode photocathode, an active layer thickness of 1 micrometer or less is required to achieve the desired response; however, reflection mode InGaAs layers are typically formed to a thickness of approximately 10 micrometers. ", "The thin and high crystalline quality layers required could not be produced since the InGaAs layer would not be adequately grown to a gallium-arsenide substrate used in manufacturing the semiconductor wafer structure. ", "Moreover, the designers could not match the crystal lattice structure of the InGaAs layer with the other semiconductor layers required in a transmission mode photocathode. ", "Due to these difficulties, most efforts to develop an InGaAs photocathode were ultimately abandoned.", "\nThus, it would be desirable to provide an improved photocathode structure capable of receiving wavelengths in excess of 940 nanometers. ", "It would be further desirable to provide a photocathode structure utilizing an InGaAs active layer. ", "It would be further desirable to provide a method of manufacturing a photocathode structure capable of responding to wavelengths in excess of 940 nanometers. ", "It would be still further desirable to provide a method of manufacturing a photocathode structure having an InGaAs active layer." ]

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[ "Punext®\n\nThe extremely energy-saving roller shutter for in-wall installation in new buildings. ", "Punext offers all the advantages of a traditional front-mounted roller shutter. ", "Its fully-enclosed roller shutter box lies concealed beneath the rendering. ", "It also has comprehensive Neopor insulation. ", "Thermal bridges are prevented, increasing the house’s energy-efficiency." ]

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[ "Q:\n\nRails 5.2: Bootstrap 4 tab panel not populating properly\n\nI have the following code in my app:\n <!-- ", "Nav tabs -->\n <div class=\"row\">\n <div class=\"col-md-3\">\n <ul class=\"nav md-pills pills-primary flex-column\" role=\"tablist\">\n\n <% @users_with_apps = [] %>\n <% AppForm.all.order(\"created_at DESC\").each do |app| %>\n <% unless @users_with_apps.include? ", "User.find(app.user_id) %>\n <% @users_with_apps << User.find(app.user_id) %>\n <% end %>\n <% end %>\n\n <% @users_with_apps.each do |user| %>\n\n <% apps = [] %>\n <% AppForm.all.order(\"created_at DESC\").each do |app| %>\n <% if app.user_id == user.id %>\n <% apps << AppForm.find(app.id) %>\n <% end %>\n <% end %>\n\n <li class=\"nav-item\">\n <a class=\"nav-link\" data-toggle=\"tab\" href=\"#<% user.id %>-panel\" role=\"tab\">\n Member #<%= fixed_digit_number(user.id) %> (<%= apps.count %>)\n </a>\n </li>\n <% end %>\n\n </ul>\n </div>\n <div class=\"col-md-9\">\n <!-- ", "Tab panels -->\n <div class=\"tab-content vertical\">\n\n <% @users_with_apps.each do |user| %>\n\n <% apps = [] %>\n <% AppForm.all.order(\"created_at DESC\").each do |app| %>\n <% if app.user_id == user.id %>\n <% apps << AppForm.find(app.id) %>\n <% end %>\n <% end %>\n\n <!-- ", "Panel 1 -->\n <div class=\"tab-pane fade\" id=\"<% user.id %>-panel\" role=\"tabpanel\">\n <% apps.each do |app| %>\n <%= render partial: \"app_forms/app_line\", locals: {application: app} %>\n <% end %>\n </div>\n <!-- ", "Panel 1 -->\n <% end %>\n\n </div> <!-- ", "tab content -->\n </div> <!-- ", "col -->\n </div> <!-- ", "row -->\n <!-- ", "Nav tabs -->\n\nIt renders to look like this:\n<!-- ", "Nav tabs -->\n<div class=\"row\">\n <div class=\"col-md-3\">\n <ul class=\"nav md-pills pills-primary flex-column\" role=\"tablist\">\n\n <li class=\"nav-item\">\n <a class=\"nav-link\" data-toggle=\"tab\" href=\"#2-panel\" role=\"tab\">\n Member #00002 (1)\n </a>\n </li>\n\n <li class=\"nav-item\">\n <a class=\"nav-link\" data-toggle=\"tab\" href=\"#1-panel\" role=\"tab\">\n Member #00001 (13)\n </a>\n </li>\n\n </ul>\n </div>\n <div class=\"col-md-9\">\n <!-- ", "Tab panels -->\n <div class=\"tab-content vertical\">\n\n <!-- ", "Panel 1 -->\n <div class=\"tab-pane fade\" id=\"2-panel\" role=\"tabpanel\">\n\n ...panel 2 content...\n\n </div>\n <!-- ", "Panel 1 -->\n\n <!-- ", "Panel 1 -->\n <div class=\"tab-pane fade\" id=\"1-panel\" role=\"tabpanel\">\n ...panel 3 content...\n </div>\n <!-- ", "Panel 1 -->\n\n </div> <!-- ", "tab content -->\n </div> <!-- ", "col -->\n</div> <!-- ", "row -->\n<!-- ", "Nav tabs -->\n\nIdeally, this would create a list of users on the left, and (depending on which user was clicked) their applications would populate on the righthand side.", "\nUnfortunately, no matter what user is clicked, it displays the applications of the first user on the list.", "\nCan anyone see what logic is going wrong here?", "\n\nA:\n\nThe only problem which I am seeing here now is panel ids and link to that panel id shouldn't start with a number. ", "Instead, you can use panel-<id>. ", "i.e: panel-1.", "\n\n <link rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.4.1/css/bootstrap.min.css\">\r\n<script src=\"https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/3.4.1/jquery.min.js\"></script>\r\n\r\n<script src=\"https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.4.1/js/bootstrap.min.js\"></script>\r\n\r\n<!-- ", "Nav tabs -->\r\n<div class=\"row\">\r\n <div class=\"col-md-3\">\r\n <ul class=\"nav md-pills pills-primary flex-column\" role=\"tablist\">\r\n\r\n <li class=\"nav-item\">\r\n <a class=\"nav-link\" data-toggle=\"tab\" href=\"#panel-2\" role=\"tab\">\r\n Member #00002 (1)\r\n </a>\r\n </li>\r\n\r\n\r\n <li class=\"nav-item\">\r\n <a class=\"nav-link\" data-toggle=\"tab\" href=\"#panel-1\" role=\"tab\">\r\n Member #00001 (13)\r\n </a>\r\n </li>\r\n\r\n </ul>\r\n </div>\r\n <div class=\"col-md-9\">\r\n <!-- ", "Tab panels -->\r\n <div class=\"tab-content vertical\">\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n <!-- ", "Panel 1 -->\r\n <div class=\"tab-pane active\" id=\"panel-2\" role=\"tabpanel\">\r\n\r\n ...panel 2 content...\r\n\r\n </div>\r\n <!-- ", "Panel 1 -->\r\n\r\n\r\n <!-- ", "Panel 1 -->\r\n <div class=\"tab-pane fade\" id=\"panel-1\" role=\"tabpanel\">\r\n ...panel 3 content...\r\n </div>\r\n <!-- ", "Panel 1 -->\r\n\r\n </div> <!-- ", "tab content -->\r\n </div> <!-- ", "col -->\r\n</div> <!-- ", "row -->\r\n<!-- ", "Nav tabs -->\n\n" ]

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[ "Q:\n\nHow to display Strings from ArrayList in TextView\n\nI need to display current values in TextView (after removing String).", "\nI'm adding String when button is On and I need to remove it, when it's Off ( I don't know if I do it well), next I need to display Strings in TextView without deleted String. ", "I need to display only Strings from On buttons.", "\nHere is my code:\npublic class Calc extends ActionBarActivity {\n\n TextView display;\n\n @Override\n protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {\n super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);\n setContentView(R.layout.activity_calculator);\n\n display = (TextView)findViewById(R.id.textView2);\n display.setText(\"Add item\");\n }\n\n static boolean isempty=true;\n\n public void changeButton(View sender) {\n ToggleButton btn = (ToggleButton) sender;\n\n ArrayList<String> mActiveToggles = new ArrayList<String>();\n\n String b = btn.getText().toString();\n\n boolean on = ((ToggleButton) sender).isChecked();\n\n if(on) {\n if (isempty) {\n if (b.equals(\"0\")) return;\n display.setText(btn.getText());\n mActiveToggles.add(b);\n isempty = false;\n } else {\n display.append(btn.getText());\n mActiveToggles.add(b);\n }\n }\n else\n {\n if (b.equals(btn.getText()))\n {\n mActiveToggles.remove(b);\n display.setText(mActiveToggles.toString());\n\n }\n }\n}\n\nA:\n\nEdit based on new information:\nTo display the texts from all the toggles that are currently ON in your TextView I suggest that you create a\nprivate ArrayList<String> mActiveToggles = new ArrayList<String>();\n\nWhenever a toggle button is set to ON, you add the label of that toggle button to the list. ", "Whenever a toggle button is set to OFF, you remove the label from the list.", "\nif(on) {\n if (b.equals(\"0\")) return; // Don't really know why you need this one...\n\n // If the button is ON, add its text label to the list.", "\n mActiveToggles.add(btn.getText());\n} else {\n // If button is OFF, remove its text label from the list.", "\n mActiveToggles.remove(btn.getText());\n}\n\nTo update your TextView simple iterate over the items in the list and add them to the TextView (with an appropriate separator). ", "Something like this:\nStringBuilder allLabels = new StringBuilder();\nfor(String s : mActiveToggles) {\n if(allLabels.length() > 0) {\n allLabels.append(\" \"); // some divider between the different texts\n }\n allLabels.append(s);\n}\ndisplay.setText(allLabels.toString());\n\nIf you really do need the content of your TextView to be persistently stored, iterate over the list items and concatenate them and then store them to your SharedPreferences object. ", "Restoring them from storage would simply be the reverse operation of splitting the String and populating the list. ", "Based on the code that you've provided I don't see a need for this, but there could of course be more to it than what you've posted here.", "\n\n" ]

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[ "Quad Bike Fun Trips\n\nThe most fun you can have on four wheels!", "\nJump on a quad bike and explore the purpose-built track through meadows, streams and bush on our 15,000 acre Woodbank Station property.", "\n\nGet ready for the adrenaline-pumping thrill of a real quad bike adventure, with river crossings, hill climbs, humps and bumps, all set in the magnificent scenery of the Hanmer Basin. ", "Ride the Honda Sport Quad Bike through our working farm, complete with sheep and cattle!" ]

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[ " IN THE\n TENTH COURT OF APPEALS\n\n No. ", "10-15-00148-CV\n\nHOUSE OF PRAISE MINISTRIES, INC.,", "\n Appellant\nv.\n\nCITY OF RED OAK, TEXAS,\n Appellee\n\n\n From the 40th District Court\n Ellis County, Texas\n Trial Court No. ", "87580\n\n\n MEMORANDUM OPINION\n\n House of Praise Ministries, Inc. appeals the trial court’s dismissal of its appeal of\n\na municipal court’s order pursuant to the City of Red Oak’s plea to the jurisdiction.", "\n\nBecause the trial court only erred in part, the trial court’s judgment is affirmed in part\n\nand reversed and remanded in part.", "\n\nBACKGROUND\n\n House of Praise (HOP) bought property in the City of Red Oak to build a new\n\nchurch. ", "A brick structure and a mobile home park were on the property at the time HOP\n\fbought the property.1 In an attempt to bring the property into compliance with the City’s\n\n“Code of Ordinances,” a code enforcement officer determined that certain aspects of the\n\nproperty were substandard and dangerous and notified HOP.", "\n\n In 2013, a hearing was held in the municipal court to determine whether the\n\nproperty was in violation of the City’s code. ", "After the hearing, the municipal court issued\n\nan “Order for Substandard Structure” in which the court found the property was\n\ndilapidated, substandard and unfit for human habitation, hazardous to public health and\n\nsafety and welfare, and did not meet the minimum standards for continued use and\n\noccupancy contained in the City’s Code of Ordinances. ", "HOP was ordered to make\n\nspecified repairs or demolish and remove the brick structure and the mobile home park.", "\n\n In response, HOP filed a motion for new trial which was overruled by operation\n\nof law and then filed a verified petition for review of the municipal court’s order in the\n\ndistrict court of Ellis County. ", "The City filed a plea to the jurisdiction, and after a hearing,\n\nHOP filed an amended verified petition. ", "The City then filed an amended plea to the\n\njurisdiction. ", "A hearing in the district court was held on the amended plea to the\n\njurisdiction. ", "The district court granted the City’s plea and dismissed HOP’s amended\n\nverified petition with prejudice.", "\n\n HOP appealed to this Court, bringing two broad issues for review; the first making\n\nvarious attacks on the order on the merits of the plea to the jurisdiction and the second\n\nmaking various complaints about the trial court’s evidentiary rulings.", "\n\n\n\n1 HOP has not built a church on the property, opting instead to pay on the property loan with the rentals\nfrom the mobile home park.", "\n\nHouse of Praise Ministries, Inc. v. City of Red Oak Page 2\n\fEVIDENTIARY RULINGS\n\n Because some of the evidentiary rulings complained about in HOP’s second issue\n\nmay weigh into the resolution of HOP’s first issue on appeal, we discuss HOP’s second\n\nissue first. ", "In that issue, HOP contends the trial court erred in making various evidentiary\n\nrulings; the first being that it erred in overruling HOP’s “objections” to testimony by the\n\nCity Attorney. ", "Specifically, HOP contends the City Attorney was erroneously permitted\n\nto testify regarding the status of the municipal court order.", "\n\n The basis of one objection made by HOP during the City Attorney’s argument to\n\nthe trial court was that the City Attorney was “arguing the merits.” ", "This is not the\n\nargument HOP makes on appeal. ", "In order to preserve error for appellate review, a party's\n\nargument on appeal must comport with its argument in the trial court. ", "See In re D.E.H.,\n\n301 S.W.3d 825, 829 (Tex. ", "App.—Fort Worth 2009, pet. ", "denied). ", "Because the objection\n\nasserted at the trial does not comport with the objection argued on appeal, HOP’s\n\ncomplaint is not preserved. ", "TEX. ", "R. APP. ", "P. 33.1(a).", "\n\n The other objection HOP asserted during the City’s alleged “testimony,” that the\n\ncomments by the City’s attorneys regarding the status of the property and the status of\n\nwhat happened since the “plea” was filed was irrelevant, was never ruled on by the trial\n\ncourt.2 Because there was no ruling, this objection did not preserve any complaint to\n\nconsider on appeal. ", "See id. (a)(2); Phillips v. Bramlett, 288 S.W.3d 876, 883 (Tex. ", "2009).", "\n\n The next evidentiary ruling about which HOP complains is that the trial court\n\n\n\n\n2 We assume without deciding that the objection at trial comports with the argument on appeal.", "\n\nHouse of Praise Ministries, Inc. v. City of Red Oak Page 3\n\ferred in overruling HOP’s objection to the City’s affidavit of Bill Jordan, a former Code\n\nEnforcement Officer. ", "HOP contends it objected to the affidavit. ", "However, it failed to cite\n\nto the record where that objection can be found. ", "The City asserted it was unable to locate\n\nan objection in the record. ", "We were unable to locate the objection as well. ", "In response to\n\nthe City’s assertion, HOP contends that objections to conclusory statements in an affidavit\n\nmay be raised for the first time on appeal. ", "See e.g. Pipkin v. Kroger Tex., ", "L.P., 383 S.W.3d\n\n655, 670 (Tex. ", "App.—Houston [14th Dist.] ", "2012, pet. ", "denied) (objection to summary\n\njudgment affidavit as conclusory may be raised for the first time on appeal). ", "While that\n\nmay be true, HOP did not direct the trial court or this Court to which, if any, of the\n\nstatements in the affidavit are conclusory. ", "Accordingly, because HOP did not object to\n\nthe affidavit before the trial court and does not direct this Court to any alleged conclusory\n\nstatements, its complaint about the affidavit’s admission is not preserved. ", "See TEX. ", "R.\n\nAPP. ", "P. 33.1.", "\n\n Next, HOP complains that the trial court erred in admitting the City’s business\n\nrecords because those records are not admissible for proof of the matter asserted. ", "HOP\n\ndid not object to the admission of the City’s business records into evidence. ", "Accordingly,\n\nthis complaint is not preserved. ", "See TEX. ", "R. APP. ", "P. 33.1.", "\n\n Lastly, HOP argues the trial court improperly excluded an “Amortization\n\nAgreement.” ", "The Amortization Agreement is a one page document attached to an\n\naffidavit in HOP’s response to the City’s amended plea to the jurisdiction and motion to\n\ndismiss. ", "Determining whether to admit or exclude evidence lies within the trial court's\n\nsound discretion. ", "Bay Area Healthcare Group, Ltd. v. McShane, 239 S.W.3d 231, 234 (Tex.", "\n\nHouse of Praise Ministries, Inc. v. City of Red Oak Page 4\n\f2007). ", "A trial court exceeds its discretion if it acts in an arbitrary or unreasonable manner\n\nor without reference to guiding rules or principles. ", "See Bowie Mem'l Hosp. ", "v. Wright, 79\n\nS.W.3d 48, 52 (Tex. ", "2002). ", " When reviewing matters committed to the trial court's\n\ndiscretion, we may not substitute our own judgment for the trial court's judgment. ", "Id.\n\nWe must uphold the trial court's evidentiary ruling if there is any legitimate basis for the\n\nruling. ", "Owens-Corning Fiberglas Corp. v. Malone, 972 S.W.2d 35, 43 (Tex. ", "1998); see Enbridge\n\nPipelines (E. Tex.) ", "L.P. v. Avinger Timber, LLC, 386 S.W.3d 256, 264 (Tex. ", "2012).", "\n\n The City argued to the trial court that the “agreement” was inadmissible under\n\nRule 408 of the Texas Rules of Evidence. ", "Prior to April 1, 2015 and during the time of the\n\nhearing in which this rule was argued as a basis for the exclusion of the amortization\n\nagreement, Rule 408 provided:\n\n Evidence of (1) furnishing or offering or promising to furnish, or (2)\n accepting or offering or promising to accept, a valuable consideration in\n compromising or attempting to compromise a claim which was disputed as\n to either validity or amount is not admissible to prove liability for or\n invalidity of the claim or its amount. ", "Evidence of conduct or statements\n made in compromise negotiations is likewise not admissible. ", "This rule does\n not require the exclusion of any evidence otherwise discoverable merely\n because it is presented in the course of compromise negotiations. ", "This rule\n also does not require exclusion when the evidence is offered for another\n purpose, such as proving bias or prejudice or interest of a witness or a party,\n negativing a contention of undue delay, or proving an effort to obstruct a\n criminal investigation or prosecution.", "\n\nTEX. ", "R. EVID. ", "408 (amended, eff. ", "April 1, 2015). ", "The rule is limited on its face to evidence\n\nwhich is presented to prove \"the validity for or invalidity of [a] claim or its amount.\"", "\n\nSmith v. State, 898 S.W.2d 838, 843 (Tex. ", "Crim. ", "App. ", "1995).", "\n\n The agreement was allegedly an offer by the City to not pursue a court action\n\n\nHouse of Praise Ministries, Inc. v. City of Red Oak Page 5\n\fagainst HOP regarding the condition of HOP’s property if HOP adopted the schedule set\n\nout in the agreement. ", "HOP did not accept the agreement. ", "At trial however, HOP offered\n\nthe agreement as some evidence purporting to prove the City, through the municipal\n\ncourt’s Order for Substandard Structure, was “taking” HOP’s property without just\n\ncompensation. ", "In other words, HOP was offering the agreement as evidence of the\n\n“validity” of its regulatory taking claim against the City. ", "This is an improper use of the\n\ndocument under Rule 408. ", "Moreover, in a subsequent section of this opinion, we hold\n\nthat HOP has not asserted a valid regulatory taking claim against the City. ", "Accordingly,\n\nthe trial court did not abuse its discretion in excluding this evidence.", "\n\n Because the trial court did not err in any of the complained of evidentiary rulings,\n\nHOP’s second issue is overruled.", "\n\nPLEA TO THE JURISDICTION\n\n In its first issue, HOP contends the trial court erred, for various reasons, in\n\ngranting the City’s amended plea to the jurisdiction and dismissing HOP’s amended\n\nverified petition.", "\n\n A plea to the jurisdiction seeks dismissal of a case or a cause of action for lack of\n\nsubject matter jurisdiction. ", "See Harris Cty. ", "v. Sykes, 136 S.W.3d 635, 638 (Tex. ", "2004); Bland\n\nIndep. ", "Sch. ", "Dist. ", "v. Blue, 34 S.W.3d 547, 554 (Tex. ", "2000). ", "Subject matter jurisdiction involves\n\na court's power to hear a case or cause of action. ", "Tellez v. City of Socorro, 226 S.W.3d 413,\n\n413 (Tex. ", "2007). ", "We review the trial court's ruling on a plea to the jurisdiction de novo.", "\n\nTex. ", "Dep't of Parks & Wildlife v. Miranda, 133 S.W.3d 217, 228 (Tex. ", "2004). ", "When such a\n\nplea challenges the pleadings, we determine if the pleader has alleged facts that\n\nHouse of Praise Ministries, Inc. v. City of Red Oak Page 6\n\faffirmatively demonstrate the court's jurisdiction to hear the case. ", "Id. at 226; Tex. ", "Ass'n of\n\nBus. ", "v. Tex. ", "Air Control Bd., ", "852 S.W.2d 440, 446 (Tex. ", "1993). ", "If a plea to the jurisdiction\n\nchallenges the existence of jurisdictional facts, we consider relevant evidence submitted\n\nby the parties when necessary to resolve the jurisdictional issues raised. ", "Miranda, 133\n\nS.W.3d at 227. ", "If the evidence creates a fact question regarding the jurisdictional issue,\n\nthen the trial court cannot grant the plea to the jurisdiction, and the fact issue will be\n\nresolved by the fact finder. ", "Id. at 227-228. ", "If the relevant evidence is undisputed or fails\n\nto raise a fact question on the jurisdictional issue, the trial court rules on the plea to the\n\njurisdiction as a matter of law. ", "Id. Further, we take as true all evidence favorable to the\n\nnon-movant and indulge every reasonable inference and resolve any doubts in the non-\n\nmovant's favor. ", "Id. at 228. ", "In the court below, the City challenged HOP’s pleading as to\n\nsome of HOP’s claims and the existence of jurisdictional facts as to other claims.", "\n\n A trial court is permitted to dismiss separate claims over which it does not have\n\nsubject matter jurisdiction but retain claims in the same case over which it has\n\njurisdiction. ", "Thomas v. Long, 207 S.W.3d 334, 338 (Tex. ", "2006). ", "A trial court is not required\n\nto deny an otherwise meritorious plea to the jurisdiction or a motion for summary\n\njudgment based on a jurisdictional challenge concerning some claims because the trial\n\ncourt has jurisdiction over other claims. ", "Id. at 339.", "\n\nVerified Petition\n\n Several of HOP’s complaints within this issue relate to its amended verified\n\npetition: whether it was timely, whether it stated grounds of illegality, and whether a\n\nwrit of certiorari was timely and properly requested. ", "We discuss each of these complaints\n\nHouse of Praise Ministries, Inc. v. City of Red Oak Page 7\n\fseparately.", "\n\n —timeliness\n\n HOP contends the trial court had statutory jurisdiction over the case because HOP\n\ntimely perfected its appeal of the municipal court’s order by its amended verified\n\npetition. ", "Local Government Code Section 214.0012 provides that any owner of property\n\n“aggrieved” by an order of a municipality issued under Section 214.0013 may file a\n\nverified petition in district court complaining that the municipal court’s decision is illegal\n\nand specifying the grounds of the illegality. ", "TEX. ", "LOC. ", "GOV’T CODE ANN. § ", "214.0012(a)\n\n(West 2016). ", "The petition must, however, be filed within 30 “calendar days” after the\n\ndate a copy of the final decision of the municipality is: 1) personally delivered to the\n\nowner; 2) mailed to the owner by first class mail with certified return receipt requested;\n\nor 3) delivered to the owner by the U.S. Postal Service using a signature confirmation\n\nservice. ", "Id. If the petition is not timely filed, the municipal court’s decision is final. ", "Id.\n\n The City alleged in its plea to the jurisdiction and first amended plea to the\n\njurisdiction that HOP failed to plead sufficient facts which would invoke the trial court’s\n\njurisdiction because HOP failed to timely perfect its appeal of the municipal court’s order.", "\n\nSpecifically, the City contended that because the municipal court’s order was signed on\n\nMay 21, 2013, and HOP did not file a verified petition until July 10, 2013, HOP’s petition\n\nis untimely. ", "HOP responded to the City’s initial plea to the jurisdiction that its 30 day\n\ntimetable had not yet begun to run because the City had not complied with the required\n\n\n\n\n3 Section 214.001 allows a municipality to require, among other things, the demolition of a building.", "\n\nHouse of Praise Ministries, Inc. v. City of Red Oak Page 8\n\fmeans of providing a copy of the municipal court’s final decision to HOP. ", "In an amended\n\nverified petition filed on September 27, 2013, HOP alleged that, on August 28, 2013, after\n\na hearing held on August 23, 20134 on the City’s initial plea to the jurisdiction, the City\n\npersonally delivered a copy of the municipal court’s order to HOP; thus, it argues, the\n\namended verified petition was timely filed. ", " The City’s first amended plea to the\n\njurisdiction did not address this allegation.", "\n\n At the hearing on the City’s first amended plea to the jurisdiction, the City asserted\n\nthat it provided a copy of the final draft of the municipal court’s order by email to HOP\n\nthe evening after the hearing in the municipal court. ", "The City also argued that a copy of\n\nthe order was personally delivered because “[HOP] had it, [HOP] looked at it, [HOP]\n\nrefused to sign it, the court entered it and [HOP] then based [its] entire motion for a new\n\ntrial ten days later verbatim tracking that order.” ", "The City did not, however, provide any\n\nproof of delivery of the signed final order by any of the alternative means required by\n\nstatute.", "\n\n On appeal, the City continues to argue that HOP’s petition was not timely filed. ", "It\n\ndoes not, however, argue that HOP was provided a copy of the order by any of the\n\nalternative required methods. ", "Rather, it argues that by looking at HOP’s motion for new\n\ntrial filed with the municipal court, it was clear that “the final order was delivered” to\n\nHOP.5 Also, on appeal, the City does not dispute HOP’s allegation that a copy of the final\n\n\n\n\n4 The August hearing is not a part of the appellate record in this appeal.", "\n\n5 The word “personal” before the word delivery was dropped from the City’s arguments on appeal.", "\n\nHouse of Praise Ministries, Inc. v. City of Red Oak Page 9\n\forder was personally delivered on August 28, 2013.", "\n\n It appears that the City contends the specific methods of providing a copy of a\n\nfinal decision to a property owner set out in section 214.0012(a) are not required. ", "None\n\nof the cases cited by the City support its argument. ", "See City of El Paso v. Caples Land Co.,\n\n408 S.W.3d 26 (Tex. ", "App.—El Paso 2013, pet. ", "denied) (trial court’s alleged lack of\n\nauthority to grant injunctive relief did not deprive trial court of subject matter\n\njurisdiction); Bates v. City of Beaumont, 241 S.W.3d 924 (Tex. ", "App.—Beaumont 2007, no\n\npet.) (", "second letter sent by City, not first letter, triggered 30 day deadline; thus, plaintiff’s\n\npetition was timely filed; no question whether final decision properly provided); Amaya\n\nv. City of San Antonio, 980 F. Supp. ", "2d 771 (W.D. Tex. ", "2013), aff’d, 621 F. App'x 298 (5th Cir.", "\n\n2015) (suit untimely where copy of final decision received two years before; no question\n\nof whether final decision properly provided).", "\n\n Whether HOP had a copy of the order is not what triggers the timetable for filing\n\na verified petition. ", "Personal delivery, delivery by mail, or mailing by first class mail\n\ntriggers the timetable. ", "TEX. ", "LOC. ", "GOV’T CODE ANN. § ", "214.0012(a) (West 2016). ", "There is\n\nnothing ambiguous about the alternative methods for providing a copy of the order to\n\ntrigger the filing timetable. ", "And when a statute is unambiguous, we give the statute its\n\nplain and common meaning. ", "Moreno v. Sterling Drug, Inc., 787 S.W.2d 348, 352 (Tex. ", "1990);\n\nRepublicBank Dallas, N.A. v. Interkal, Inc., 691 S.W.2d 605, 607 (Tex. ", "1985).", "\n\n The plain and common meaning of section 214.0012(a) is that the timetable to file\n\na verified petition is not triggered until a copy of the order is provided to the owner of\n\nthe property in one of the statute’s three enumerated methods. ", "See HDW2000 256 E. 49th\n\nHouse of Praise Ministries, Inc. v. City of Red Oak Page 10\n\fSt., LLC v. City of Hous., ", "No. ", "01-10-00942-CV, 2012 Tex. ", "App. ", "LEXIS 5776 (App.—Houston\n\n[1st Dist.] ", "2012, no pet.) (", "mem. ", "op.) (", "construing the same language used in TEX. ", "LOC.", "\n\nGOV'T CODE ANN. § ", "54.039(a) as unambiguous). ", "Further, the plain and common meaning\n\nof personal delivery as used in this statute is that a copy of the final decision is hand-\n\ndelivered, in person, to the “owner, lienholder, or mortgagee of record…aggrieved by an\n\norder….”6 TEX. ", "LOC. ", "GOV’T CODE ANN. § ", "214.0012(a) (West 2016). ", "When notified by\n\nHOP’s response to the City’s initial plea to the jurisdiction that a copy of the court’s order\n\nhad not been provided by any of the methods the statute authorized and required, the\n\nCity did not controvert HOP’s claim.", "\n\n HOP’s alleges in its amended verified petition that personal delivery of the\n\nmunicipal court’s order was not achieved until August 28, 2013.7 Its amended verified\n\npetition was filed on September 27, 2013, within 30 days of personal delivery. ", "Therefore,\n\nHOP alleged sufficient facts to show its amended verified petition was timely filed and\n\nthe trial court’s jurisdiction was invoked.", "\n\n —illegality\n\n In addition to being timely filed, a verified petition must set forth an allegation\n\nthat the municipal court’s order is illegal and must specify the grounds of the illegality.", "\n\nTEX. ", "LOC. ", "GOV’T CODE ANN. § ", "214.0012(a) (West 2016). ", "The City asserted in its first\n\n\n\n6Personal is defined as an act “done in person without the intervention of another.” ", "Webster’s Collegiate\nDictionary 10th Ed., ", "1993, p.867. ", "Delivery is the act of delivering something. ", "Id. at 306. ", "To deliver is “to\ntake and hand over to or leave for another.” ", "Id.\n\n7Of course, by this time, HOP had already joined the issues in the trial court by filing a petition in July even\nbefore it received the final order.", "\n\nHouse of Praise Ministries, Inc. v. City of Red Oak Page 11\n\famended plea to the jurisdiction that HOP had not stated any grounds in its verified\n\npetition as to why the municipal court order was illegal.", "\n\n Regardless of whether or not HOP claimed in its petition the order was illegal and\n\nspecified the grounds of illegality, the lack of specific claims of illegality is not\n\njurisdictional. ", "As stated earlier, subject matter jurisdiction involves a court's power to\n\nhear a case. ", "Tellez v. City of Socorro, 226 S.W.3d 413, 413 (Tex. ", "2007). ", "When interpreting\n\nsection 211.011 of the Texas Local Government Code regarding the review of a municipal\n\nzoning board decision, a statute very similar to section 214.012, the Texas Supreme Court\n\nhas held that while section 211.011 requires specific allegations of illegality, nothing\n\nindicates the Legislature intended compliance to be jurisdictional. ", "Id. at 414. ", "Courts have\n\napplied interpretations of section 211.011 when interpreting section 214.012 because of\n\nthe similarities of the statutes.8 See Teague v. City of Jacksboro, 190 S.W.3d 813, 818 (Tex.", "\n\nApp.—Ft. ", "Worth, 2006, pet. ", "denied) (“In determining whether Teague invoked the trial\n\ncourt’s subject matter jurisdiction under this section, we are guided by cases interpreting\n\nthe appeal of zoning board decisions…, which involve virtually identical procedures.”).", "\n\nSee also City of Hous. ", "v. Carlson, 393 S.W.3d 350, 356 (Tex. ", "App.—Houston [14th Dist.] ", "2012,\n\nno pet.). ", "After reviewing the holding in Tellez, we see no reason why the Texas Supreme\n\nCourt’s interpretation of the same language in section 211.001 as in section 214.012 would\n\n\n8Compare TEX. ", "LOCAL GOV'T CODE ANN. § ", "214.0012(a) (West 2016) (\"Any owner, lienholder, or mortgagee\nof record of property jointly or severally aggrieved by an order of a municipality issued under Section\n214.001 may file in district court a verified petition setting forth that the decision is illegal, in whole or\nin part, and specifying the grounds of the illegality.\") (", "emphasis added) with id. § 211.011(a) (\"Any of the\nfollowing persons may present to a district court, county court, or county court at law a verified petition\nstating that the decision of the board of adjustment is illegal in whole or in part and specifying the\ngrounds of the illegality[.]\") (", "emphasis added).", "\n\nHouse of Praise Ministries, Inc. v. City of Red Oak Page 12\n\fnot also apply here.", "\n\n Accordingly, we hold that section 214.012’s language requiring a petitioner to state\n\nin the verified petition that the municipal court’s decision is illegal, in whole or in part,\n\nand specify the grounds of the illegality is not a jurisdictional prerequisite.", "\n\n —writ of certiorari\n\n Next, HOP asserts that it properly requested a writ of certiorari directed at the\n\nCity. ", "Although this particular complaint was not a subject of the City’s written plea to\n\nthe jurisdiction, the City asserted at the hearing on the plea that HOP did not properly or\n\ntimely request the writ. ", "A timely or properly requested writ of certiorari is not necessary\n\nto invoke the trial court’s subject matter jurisdiction. ", "Teague v. City of Jacksboro, 190 S.W.3d\n\n813, 820 (Tex. ", "App.—Fort Worth 2006, pet. ", "denied).", "\n\nRegulatory Taking\n\n Next, HOP asserts the City’s enforcement of code violations constitute a regulatory\n\ntaking of HOP’s interests in that it interfered with HOP’s reasonable investment-backed\n\nexpectations. ", "HOP alleged in its amended verified petition that the City presented HOP\n\nwith an “Amortization Agreement” that would have essentially caused the elimination\n\nof HOP’s ownership of the trailer park located on the property. ", "HOP argued that\n\ncompliance with the Amortization Agreement would wipe out HOP’s rental income, and\n\nthus, HOP would have no means to recoup its investment in the property. ", "HOP further\n\nalleged that the City’s code enforcement officer demanded remediation to the property\n\nfar in excess of what was required under the city ordinance and that the excessive\n\nremediation demands contained within the Amortization Agreement were intentional\n\nHouse of Praise Ministries, Inc. v. City of Red Oak Page 13\n\fand directed specifically toward HOP’s relinquishment of its property rather than\n\ncompliance with remediation.", "\n\n Generally, a compensable regulatory taking occurs if governmental regulations:\n\n(1) deprive a property owner of all economically viable use of the property or totally\n\ndestroys the property's value; or (2) unreasonably interfere with a property owner’s right\n\nto use the property. ", "See Mayhew v. Town of Sunnyvale, 964 S.W.2d 922, 935 (Tex. ", "1998);\n\nBMTP Holdings, L.P. v. City of Lorena, 359 S.W.3d 239, 246 (Tex. ", "App.—Waco 2011), aff’d,\n\nCity of Lorena v. Bmtp Holdings, L.P., 409 S.W.3d 634 (Tex. ", "2013). ", "Determining whether a\n\nregulation has unreasonably interfered with a landowner's right to use and enjoy\n\nproperty requires a consideration of two factors: the economic impact of the regulation\n\nand the extent to which the regulation interferes with distinct investment-backed\n\nexpectations. ", "Mayhew, 964 s.w.2d at 935.", "\n\n HOP insists on appeal that it has sufficiently pled a regulatory taking claim.", "\n\nHowever, to sufficiently plead such a claim, a plaintiff must complain about a\n\ngovernmental regulation. ", "See City of Houston v. Carlson, 451 S.W.3d 828, 831 (Tex. ", "2014).", "\n\nIn Carlson, the respondents did not contest any property-use restriction; rather, they\n\nobjected only to the penalty imposed and the manner in which the city enforced its\n\nstandards. ", "Id. at 831-832. ", "The Supreme Court held that because the respondents’\n\npleading did not implicate any property-use restriction, no taking was alleged. ", "Id. at 832.", "\n\nThe same holds true for HOP. ", "Instead of complaining about particular code provisions,\n\nHOP complains only about the enforcement of the City’s code provisions. ", "Accordingly,\n\njust as in Carlson, taking all the pleaded facts as true, because HOP does not contest a\n\nHouse of Praise Ministries, Inc. v. City of Red Oak Page 14\n\fproperty-use restriction, it has not alleged a regulatory taking.", "\n\n Accordingly, we hold the trial court properly dismissed HOP’s claimed illegality\n\nfor a regulatory taking because on the basis of its allegations, it did not assert a claim for\n\na regulatory taking over which the trial court would have jurisdiction.", "\n\nDue Process\n\n Lastly, HOP argues that it sufficiently pled facts that would support both a\n\nprocedural and a substantive due process claim. ", "Initially, we note that HOP requested\n\ndamages in its amended verified petition. ", "Damages cannot be requested when raising a\n\nprocedural or substantive due process claim. ", "Smith v. City of League City, 338 S.W.3d 114,\n\n127 (Tex. ", "App.—Houston [14th Dist.] ", "2011, no pet.). ", "A due process claim in which the\n\nplaintiff seeks monetary damages does not invoke the trial court's jurisdiction. ", "Id.; See\n\nUniv. ", "of Tex. ", "Sys. ", "v. Courtney, 946 S.W.2d 464, 469 (Tex. ", "App.—Fort Worth 1997, writ\n\ndenied). ", "Thus, to the extent of its claim for monetary damages, HOP has not invoked the\n\ntrial court’s jurisdiction for these claims by requesting damages.9 Accordingly, these\n\nallegations of damages are superfluous, and the trial court did not err in holding the trial\n\ncourt had no jurisdiction of a claim based on these allegations.", "\n\n —procedural due process\n\n If an individual is deprived of a property right, the government must afford an\n\nappropriate and meaningful opportunity to be heard consistent with the requirements of\n\nprocedural due process. ", "Perry v. Del Rio, 67 S.W.3d 85, 92 (Tex. ", "2001); Mayhew v. Town of\n\n\n\n9Arguably, damages in a taking claim under the Texas Constitution are also prohibited. ", "See City of\nBeaumont v. Bouillion, 896 S.W.2d 143, 149 (Tex. ", "1995). ", "The remedy is compensation, not damages. ", "Id.\n\nHouse of Praise Ministries, Inc. v. City of Red Oak Page 15\n\fSunnyvale, 964 S.W.2d 922, 939 (Tex. ", "1998). ", "Accordingly, a plaintiff alleging a procedural\n\ndue process claim must establish that he was deprived of notice and an opportunity to\n\nbe heard with respect to a decision affecting his property rights. ", "Mayhew, 964 S.W.2d at\n\n939.", "\n\n It is undisputed that HOP had notice of the hearing and its purpose in the\n\nmunicipal court and had the opportunity to be heard and was heard. ", "Rather than\n\nasserting it had no notice, HOP asserted in its verified petition that it did not receive “fair”\n\nnotice of the individual code violations. ", "Although HOP was provided notice of each code\n\nviolation on its property with an abbreviated description of the item that violated the\n\nprovision, HOP apparently wanted a more detailed description of the violations. ", "This is\n\nnot the standard. ", "See id. at 939-940. ", "To satisfy procedural due process, the City must only\n\nprovide notice and an opportunity to be heard, which it did. ", "Accordingly, HOP has not\n\nand cannot allege a valid procedural due process claim and the trial court did not err in\n\ngranting the plea to the jurisdiction as to this claim.", "\n\n —substantive due process\n\n To show a substantive due process deprivation of property, a party must prove 1)\n\nhe had a constitutionally protectable interest in the property, and 2) the government\n\ndeprived him of that interest capriciously and arbitrarily. ", "City of Lubbock v. Corbin, 942\n\nS.W.2d 14, 21 (Tex. ", "App.—Amarillo 1996, writ denied). ", "HOP argues on appeal that it\n\nraised a substantive due process claim in its amended verified petition; however, it is\n\n\n\n\nHouse of Praise Ministries, Inc. v. City of Red Oak Page 16\n\fdifficult for us to discern one.10 A paragraph entitled “Violations of Due Process” was\n\nincluded in HOP’s amended verified petition, but it does not explicitly state any facts that\n\nshow HOP had an interest in the property of which the City capriciously and arbitrarily\n\ndeprived HOP. ", "HOP makes some assertions that might be interpreted to be a due process\n\nclaim; however, those assertions were intertwined with HOP’s regulatory taking claim.", "\n\nIt is difficult to determine where the regulatory taking claim ended and the substantive\n\ndue process claim began. ", "As such, the trial court did not erroneously grant the plea to\n\nthe jurisdiction on HOP’s alleged substantive due process claim because the allegations,\n\nas made, simply do not adequately describe the City’s actions, if any, that HOP contend\n\ncapriciously and arbitrarily deprive HOP of its property.11\n\nWHAT NOW?", "\n\n The question now becomes whether HOP is entitled to amend its pleadings to cure\n\nthe jurisdictional defects.", "\n\n When a plaintiff fails to plead facts that establish jurisdiction, but the petition does\n\nnot affirmatively demonstrate incurable defects in jurisdiction, the issue is one of\n\npleading sufficiency and the plaintiff should be afforded the opportunity to amend. ", "See\n\nTex. ", "Dep't of Parks & Wildlife v. Miranda, 133 S.W.3d 217, 226-227 (Tex. ", "2004); Cty. ", "of\n\nCameron v. Brown, 80 S.W.3d 549, 555 (Tex. ", "2002);Peek v. Equip. ", "Serv. ", "Co., 779 S.W.2d 802,\n\n\n10The City did not read HOP’s petition as raising a substantive due process claim either. ", "Further, in its\nreply brief, HOP did not dispute the City’s interpretation of the amended verified petition as to this alleged\nclaim.", "\n\n11The conclusory allegations that the code enforcement officer enforced the City’s regulations arbitrarily\nand capriciously are inadequate, standing alone, to support such a claim. ", "Those allegations supported by\nfactual allegations may, however, be adequate.", "\n\nHouse of Praise Ministries, Inc. v. City of Red Oak Page 17\n\f805 (Tex. ", "1989) (“Unless the petition affirmatively demonstrates that no cause of action\n\nexists or that plaintiff's recovery is barred, we require the trial court to give the plaintiff\n\nan opportunity to amend…”). ", "In other words, a pleader must be given an opportunity\n\nto amend in response to a plea to the jurisdiction only if it is possible to cure the pleading\n\ndefect. ", "Tex. ", "A&M Univ. ", "Sys. ", "v. Koseoglu, 233 S.W.3d 835, 840 (Tex. ", "2007).", "\n\n As to the procedural due process claims, HOP was given all the procedure due.", "\n\nThus, the pleading defects as to the procedural due process claim cannot be cured.", "\n\nAccordingly, there is no need to remand this claim to the trial court to give HOP a chance\n\nto amend its pleading to try to allege a procedural due process claim.", "\n\n The same reason applies for not remanding the regulatory taking claim. ", "The\n\npleading defects cannot be cured. ", "In the Texas Supreme Court’s opinion in Tex. ", "A&M\n\nUniv. ", "Sys. ", "v. Koseoglu, the plaintiff was not permitted to amend his pleadings because he\n\npled the wrong cause of action, and any additional facts would not change his\n\npredicament. ", "See Tex. ", "A&M Univ. ", "Sys. ", "v. Koseoglu, 233 S.W.3d 835, 840 (Tex. ", "2007). ", "In this\n\ncase, HOP did not challenge a regulation so as to be able to state a claim for a regulatory\n\ntaking, even though it labeled its claim as a regulatory taking. ", "Instead, it challenged the\n\nenforcement of various city codes.", "\n\n The key to a regulatory taking claim is the offending regulation. ", "It is not as if HOP\n\ndid not challenge the correct regulation or forgot to plead what regulation it was\n\nchallenging. ", "HOP did not attack a regulation. ", "It chose, instead, to challenge the manner\n\nof enforcement of specific regulations. ", "Alleging additional facts cannot help HOP as to a\n\nclaim for a regulatory taking. ", "HOP would have to identify and plead an entirely different\n\nHouse of Praise Ministries, Inc. v. City of Red Oak Page 18\n\fcomplaint to properly allege a regulatory taking claim. ", "HOP did not raise a regulatory\n\ntaking claim. ", "As in Koseoglu, HOP cannot now change its course and allege facts that\n\nwould raise a claim different from the one it alleged and disposed of by the trial court’s\n\njudgment. ", " See Tex. ", "A&M Univ. ", "Sys. ", "v. Koseoglu, 233 S.W.3d 835, 840 (Tex. ", "2007)\n\n(“Remanding this case would serve no legitimate purpose because Koseoglu's underlying\n\nclaim is a breach of contract claim. ", "Merely pleading more facts in support of the breach\n\nof contract claim will not overcome Texas A&M's immunity from suit.”). ", "Thus, we need\n\nnot remand the regulatory taking claim to the trial court to give HOP the opportunity to\n\namend its pleading.", "\n\n The substantive due process claim, however, requires a different result. ", "There is\n\nno question that the City, the trial court, and this Court have struggled with the\n\narticulation of what facts constitute HOP’s substantive due process claim. ", "We cannot say,\n\nhowever, that based on its allegations HOP has affirmatively negated such a claim or that\n\non this record in some manner the City conclusively negated such a claim. ", "Accordingly,\n\nwe must remand HOP’s substantive due process claim to the trial court. ", "HOP must be\n\ngiven the opportunity to amend its pleadings to allege such a claim. ", "If HOP is unable to\n\nassert facts that make a prima facie case for a violation of substantive due process, it may\n\nthen, and only then, be appropriate to dismiss HOP’s claim on a plea to the jurisdiction.", "\n\nCONCLUSION\n\n Therefore, having overruled issue two and issue one in part, we affirm those\n\nportions of the trial court’s judgment granting the City’s plea to the jurisdiction. ", "But as\n\nto issue one, we reverse in part the trial court’s judgment and remand to the trial court to\n\nHouse of Praise Ministries, Inc. v. City of Red Oak Page 19\n\fallow HOP the opportunity to amend its pleading to assert, if it can, a substantive due\n\nprocess claim.", "\n\n\n\n\n TOM GRAY\n Chief Justice\n\nBefore Chief Justice Gray,\n Justice Davis, and\n Justice Scoggins\nAffirmed in part and reversed and remanded in part\nOpinion delivered and filed May 3, 2017\n[CV06]\n\n\n\n\nHouse of Praise Ministries, Inc. v. City of Red Oak Page 20\n\f" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "FreeLaw" }

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[ "Revolution Oxford Road\n\nRevolution Oxford Road\n\n90-94 Oxford Road, Manchester, M1 5WH\n\nThis was the first Revolution to open its doors, and it's still firmly cemented as a premier party spot on the notorious Oxford Road. ", "If you want to stay up 'til the next morning, down off-the-wall vodka shots and experience the famous Manchester nightlife – Oxford Road is the one for you.", "\n\nThis has real intimate surroundings, and it gets busy super-fast – this place always draws in the big crowds. ", "It has a seriously unique music policy and, if you're feeling plush, you can even throw your own private party and use the Vodka Loft, with its very own private bar and entrance. ", "But, we all know you've come to Revs for the spirits, and they don't disappoint.", "\n\nThere are vodka flavours you would never expect – black pepper, birthday cake, and brew 'n' biscuits to name but a few – and that doesn't even include their extensive menu of cocktails and craft beers…" ]

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[ "largefeature\n\nChantilly, crocheted, point de gaze: romantic lace is big this season and can be dressed up or down, layered, or incorporated into an outfit through lacey accessories. ", "It has the ability to be chic yet casual, understated or loud depending on how it’s styled; versatility is the key element at play here.", "\n\nMake the most out of the warm weather by accessorizing with fun and functional pieces that will take you from the Street Performers and Folk Fest to brunch or a day at the market. ", "From head to toe here are the five key pieces that will make a great addition to any summer wardrobe.", "\n\nAfter a long winter clomping around in heavy boots to keep their feet warm, most women greet the coming of spring and summer — and open-toed shoes — with joy. ", "The first time a woman bares her toes to the warm sun in a pair of sandals is one of the season’s most anticipated moments, akin to escaping from boot camp. ", "This year, women have many styles to choose from, with something to suit every outfit and occasion.", "\n\nIf you grew up in the ‘90s, chances are at least one of your favourite childhood trends has made a comeback in recent years. ", "Friendship bracelets, Velcro sneakers and mini backpacks have all emerged from the sartorial vault, and now there’s a new kid on the fashion-comeback block.", "\n\nToday’s brides are loosening the laces of floral convention as they veer away from structured arrangements that defy gravity and nature. ", "Instead, many are opting for a fresh-picked-from-the-garden look in free-form designs using local, in-season and even some foraged blooms." ]

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[ "Although I enjoy all five shows, I’ve had access to “M*A*S*H” and “Andy Griffith” pretty much my entire life. ", "Indeed, it’s my belief that if I turn on the TV at any time of the day, I can find an episode of “Andy Griffith.” (", "The same can be said of “Roseanne” and the “Law and Order” franchise as well, but that’s another column for another day.) ", "And while “All in the Family” hasn’t always been readily available, it’s my least favorite of the five.", "\n\nIn fact, one of my earliest memories involves watching “The Mary Tyler Moore Show.", "”(Other early memories feature snippets of “Days of Our Lives.” ", "Obviously, TV has always been important to me.)", "\n\nAnyway, Mary, the producer of a TV newscast, is one of my fictional role models. ", "When I moved into my first apartment, a friend compared me to Mary. ", "I don’t think he realized how much I treasured that compliment.", "\n\nOf course, Mary is much nicer than am I. It would take me about two minutes to tell that intrusive Sue Ann to get out of my face. ", "I also question Mary’s decision to greet Murray at the door wearing only a towel. ", "It would have been believable if the scene had contained romantic undertones. ", "But the towel was barely acknowledged. ", "The scene left me wondering if folks back in the 1970s frequently paraded around in towels in front of co-workers. ", "Or if I just have a dirty mind.", "\n\nI’m also a little confused by the episode where Ted turns down a substantial raise and a gig as the host of a game show to remain at WJM. ", "But it featured a wonderful scene between Ted and Lou who, along with Rhoda, are my favorite of Mary’s supporting characters.", "\n\nThe only aspect of “Bob Newhart” that I’ve re-evaluated is Bob’s daft neighbor, Howard. ", "According to my research, Howard works as a navigator for an airline. ", "From the way he’s presented, however, he doesn’t have enough sense to navigate himself into and out of an elevator.", "\n\nOtherwise, I have no complaints about the show. ", "From low-key psychiatrist Bob to his sarcastic wife Emily (the criminally underappreciated Suzanne Pleshette) to Bob’s dern-near perfect receptionist, Carol, to his rude patient, Mr. Carlin, I love this show.", "\n\nMy feelings for both “The Bob Newhart Show” and “The Mary Tyler Moore Show” go deeper than mere nostalgia, though. ", "I frequently find myself laughing out loud whilst watching the shows. ", "Or in the case of my morning routine, laughing out loud whilst listening to them as I get ready for work.", "\n\nUnfortunately, I can’t sit in front of the TV all morning catching up on the shenanigans at WJM or the anxieties of Bob’s therapy group. ", "So, I record one episode of each show every week. ", "Spending time with Mary and Bob and their sidekicks can take a nothing day and suddenly make it all seem worthwhile." ]

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[ "Cortinarius infractiflavus\n\nCortinarius infractiflavus is a species of fungus in the family Cortinariaceae. ", "It was originally described as new to science in 1999 by Meinhard Moser, who named it Cortinarius infractus var. ", "flavus. ", "It was raised to species status in 2014 when molecular analysis showed it to be genetically distinct from C. infractus. ", "The specific epithet infractiflavus refers to its relationship to C. infractus and its yellow cap. ", "The mushroom is known from North American north of Mexico, Finland, and Bulgaria, where it grows on the ground in boreal and mountainous conifer forests.", "\n\nSee also\n\nList of Cortinarius species\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n\ninfractiflavus\nCategory:Fungi described in 2014\nCategory:Fungi of Europe\nCategory:Fungi of North America" ]

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[ "Incidence of regional pain syndrome after carpal tunnel release. ", "Is there a correlation with the anesthetic technique?", "\nComplex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) previously known as reflex sympathetic dystrophy refers to a set of signs and symptoms that include pain, increased sweating, and vasomotor instability. ", "Pain is usually triggered by a noxious stimulus in a peripheral nerve, which is disproportionate to the triggering stimulus. ", "Its development after surgery is not uncommon varying with the type of intervention. ", "An incidence of 2.1 to 5% has been reported after carpal tunnel release (CTR). ", "Sympathetic blockade may prevent the onset of CRPS. ", "However, there is no study validating this technique to prevent CRPS after CTR. ", "The objective of the present study was to define the incidence of CRPS after CTR and its relationship with four anesthetic techniques. ", "Patients were randomly distributed to undergo one of the following techniques: general anesthesia, regional intravenous anesthesia with lidocaine, regional intravenous anesthesia with lidocaine and clonidine, or axillary plexus block. ", "Postoperatively, they were followed-up by a nurse who was unaware of the anesthetic technique used, and follow-up was done through electronic patient records for up to 6 months after the anesthesia. ", "During this period signs and symptoms typical of CRPS were investigated and, if positive, treatment was instituted. ", "A descriptive evaluation using the chi-square test was performed. ", "Three-hundred and one patients were investigated. ", "Twenty-five of them developed CRPS, an incidence of 8.3%. ", "Predominance was not observed among the anesthetic techniques used. ", "Other factors such as smoking, profession, and other concomitant diseases were also investigated, and none showed a relationship with the development of post-CTR CRPS. ", "Complex regional pain syndrome has an incidence of 8.3% after CTR surgery without association with the anesthetic techniques investigated." ]

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[ "Pippa Mann will rejoin Dale Coyne Racing to drive the No. ", "18 CyclopsGear.com car in the Firestone 550 at Texas Motor Speedway on June 8.", "\n\nMann, 29, competed in the Dale Coyne Racing car in the Indianapolis 500 on May 26.", "\n\n\"We had a great car at the Indianapolis 500 and I am looking forward to bringing the team a good finish there Saturday night under the lights,\" Mann said. \"", "It's exciting to be in the No. ", "18 car that finished 15th in the Indianapolis 500 and finished first and third this past weekend in Detroit.\"", "\n\nClick it: Firestone 550 entrant list\n\nThe event will be her second IZOD IndyCar Series race on a 1.5-mile oval (2011 at Kentucky for Rahal Letterman Lanigan Racing). ", "She won a Firestone Indy Lights race on the Kentucky Speedway oval in 2010.", "\n\n“Texas Motor Speedway actually has some pretty special memories for me because it was the venue of my first ever IndyCar outing. ", "That test with Conquest Racing led to my first Indy 500 in 2011, so I'm really looking forward to going back there for the race this weekend,\" Mann added. \"", "I know driving the car will be pretty different from the last time I drove at that track, but the Cyclops Gear car was great at Indy and I'm definitely ready to be reunited with her in Texas.\"", "\n\nMann's teammate, Justin Wilson, won the Firestone 550 last year.", "\n\n\"She was moving up through the field during the Indianapolis 500 and if she wouldn't have had contact with the wall I think she would have had a top finish that day,\" team owner Dale Coyne said." ]

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[ "Saturday, March 12, 2011\n\nGood Swimming Is Easy\n\nBad news is that I'm sick as a dog! ", "I feel terrible; achy, stuffed head and sore throat and I'm exhausted above all. ", "I had to take yesterday morning's Elite practice off to sleep and this morning's Platinum and Regional Development practices off to get a little extra rest. ", "I have to shake this thing before Monday, when my wife goes back to work from maternity leave and I become the primary \"responsible\" parent at home with my kids.", "\n\nThe good news is that our swimmers in Platinum, Elite and Regional Development are swimming very well this week. ", "From early on in the week, I have been pushing these groups to focus on FR, FLY and BR pullouts: purpose, pull pattern. ", "A lot of our swimmers have gotten into the habit of allowing their hands to sweep away from their bodies rather than staying on top of their hands and keeping their elbows high.", "\n\nAs you can see with the Phelps video above, Michael enters the water with the smallest surface area available, his hand (rather than his whole arm). ", "By minimizing his contact surface area, Michael can reduce the resistance against him and start an effective pull. ", "When he pulls, his hand pulls water straight down. ", "his fingers are always facing the inside of his body: they never point away from his body. ", "By pointing his fingers away from his body, he would be driving water sideways, away from him; rather than grabbing it and pulling it towards him... in other words... wasted energy.", "\n\nI started noticing that our swimmers were losing ground in races this way back in January. ", "The reason to swim this way is pretty simple: its allowing your body to do something immediately easier. ", "However, you are sacrificing speed, power in the process and putting unnecessary strain on muscles that don't need it... and the kicker is, the incorrect motion doesn't save any energy, in many cases, its just more comfortable. ", "Because it is not a good angle of attack at the front of the stroke, it is less powerful. ", "Some swimmers get comfortable with the motion for that reason an lose their sense of impact and power.", "\n\nThe goal for the next few weeks is to practice proper technique over an over an over with FR, FLY and BR Pullouts (all are fundamentally the same motion). ", "We'll try it in different ways, trying to create the brain myelin and muscle memory to do it effortlessly. ", "We'll try it at different difficulties and intensities to force technique through fatigue. ", "We'll try to race with it. ", "My plan was that once the 21 day period was done, everyone should have this well under control. ", "We've been doing this since Monday and at last night's Platinum and Elite practice, I saw some of the best swimming that I have seen all season.", "\n\nGood swimming is easy, but only after you create the right environment and mindset for it... which was proven by these groups this week." ]

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[ "How to make an impressive holiday time-lapse using your iPhone\n\nIn the lead up to Christmas, the award-winning filmmaker has used the iconic Martin Place Christmas tree in Sydney to create a 24-hour time-lapse video using his iPhone (it needs to have iOS8 installed). ", "He offers some quick tips on how you can create an impressive short video, using your smartphone and patience.", "\n\nAs the holidays hit, a lot of people will be attempting capture moments from Christmas decorations to sunset over the ocean and sharing them with the world.", "\n\nIf you don't want to embarrass yourself in front of your Facebook friends, van Genderen shows how you can use a matchbox or toilet rolls for stability, get the best vantage points for filming, use background action to make your piece more exciting and use an impressive lens to really make a memorable piece.", "\n\nThis is his final result, showcasing a very Sydney Christmas moment:\n\nAnd if you are a Christmas Grinch, here is another Sydney time-lapse video, by Bondi photographer Tim Denoodle of Icebergs pool, to get you ready for summertime filming.", "\n\nBONUS: Crossing Every Bridge in NYC with Hyperlapse\n\nMashable\nis a global, multi-platform media and entertainment company. ", "Powered by its own proprietary technology, Mashable is the go-to source for tech, digital culture and entertainment content for its dedicated and influential audience around the globe." ]

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[ "Probiotics are live microorganisms (in most cases, bacteria) that are similar to beneficial microorganisms found in the human gut. ", "They’re also called “friendly bacteria” or “good bacteria.”", "\n\nThere’s preliminary evidence that some types of probiotics may help to prevent diarrhea caused by infections or antibiotics and help with symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome. ", "However, we don’t have definitive research proving that probiotics improve any health condition." ]

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[ "Park Yoon-jae\n\nPark Yoon-jae (born January 14, 1981) is a South Korean actor. ", "He is best known for starring in the television series Indomitable Daughters-in-Law (2011), Your Lady (2013), and Shining Romance (2013).", "\n\nFilmography\n\nTelevision series\n\nFilm\n\nAwards and nominations\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n\nCategory:21st-century South Korean male actors\nCategory:South Korean male television actors\nCategory:South Korean male film actors\nCategory:1981 births\nCategory:Living people\nCategory:Place of birth missing (living people)\nCategory:South Korean Buddhists" ]

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[ "Application of mid-infrared spectroscopy with multivariate analysis and soft independent modeling of class analogies (SIMCA) for the detection of adulterants in minced beef.", "\nChemometric MID-FTIR methods were developed to detect and quantify the adulteration of mince meat with horse meat, fat beef trimmings, and textured soy protein. ", "Also, a SIMCA (Soft Independent Modeling Class Analogy) method was developed to discriminate between adulterated and unadulterated samples. ", "Pure mince meat and adulterants (horse meat, fat beef trimmings and textured soy protein) were characterized based upon their protein, fat, water and ash content. ", "In order to build the calibration models for each adulterant, mixtures of mince meat and adulterant were prepared in the range 2-90% (w/w). ", "Chemometric analyses were obtained for each adulterant using multivariate analysis. ", "A Partial Least Square (PLS) algorithm was tested to model each system (mince meat+adulterant) and the chemical composition of the mixture. ", "The results showed that the infrared spectra of the samples were sensitive to their chemical composition. ", "Good correlations between absorbance in the MID-FTIR and the percentage of adulteration were obtained in the region 1800-900 cm(-1). ", "Values of R(2) greater than 0.99, standard errors of calibration (SEC) in the range to 0.0001-1.278 and standard errors of prediction (SEP estimated) between 0.001 and 1.391 for the adulterant and chemical parameters were obtained. ", "The SIMCA model showed 100% classification of adulterated meat samples from unadulterated ones. ", "Chemometric MID-FTIR models represent an attractive option for meat quality screening without sample pretreatments which can identify the adulterant and quantify the percentage of adulteration and the chemical composition of the sample." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }

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[ "Insect photoperiodism: diversity of results in night-break experiments, including nonresponsiveness to light.", "\nThree night-break experiment protocols were utilized in an attempt to help clarify the role of the circadian system in photoperiodic time measurement in the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis. ", "Larvae raised in a light-dark (LD) cycle consisting of 12 hr of light alternating with 12 hr of darkness (LD 12:12), at a constant temperature of 30 degrees C, enter a state of arrested growth and development known as diapause (Takeda and Skopik, 1985). ", "In the present research (Experiment 1), the induction of diapause was prevented by 1-hr light pulses that systematically scanned the dark phase of LD 12:12. ", "Thus, the importance of 12 hr of uninterrupted darkness for maximal induction of diapause is stressed. ", "The same experimental protocol applied to larvae already in diapause (Experiment 2), however, resulted in a bimodal curve of diapause termination. ", "Although this result is consistent with the proposition that a nonperiodic hourglass timer underlies this event (Skopik and Takeda, 1986), it does not rule out the circadian system. ", "Like LD 12:12, a thermoperiod in constant darkness (12 hr at 4 degrees C alternating with 12 hr at 25 degrees C) also induces diapause. ", "Scanning such a thermoperiod with 1-hr light pulses, however, resulted in only a small effect (reduction of diapause) when light fell in the early to middle part of the warm phase (Experiment 3). ", "Thus, the time-measuring system, under these experimental conditions, showed only a weak response to light. ", "This unexpected result is discussed with respect to Experiment 1 and two general models that have been proposed to account for photoperiodic time measurement in insects." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }

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[ "Post navigation\n\nApartments for sale in Mosta\n\nHoney Valley Views\n\nA selection of apartments for sale in Mosta currently being constructed directly overlooking the Wied il Ghasel Valley and thus benefitting from direct valley views. ", "Owners of these homes shall also own 1/20th of a privategarden that is nested directly beneath the apartments and the valley. ", "Peace and serenity are the hallmark of this development given it’s location yet with it’s entrance situated on Constitution street, it benefits from immediate access to all amenities." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }

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[ "Share Britain's GDP could survive Brexit\n\nBritain's GDP could survive Brexit UK GDP might fall 2pc immediately after Brexit but would be back on track by 2030\n\nUK GDP might fall 2pc immediately after Brexit but would be back on track by 2030 We can leave the EU without that materially damaging our economy\n\nThe main reasons we joined the EU and the main things we’ve got out of it (and there are many good things we’ve got out of our EU membership) aren’t about economics. ", "In the same way, the main reasons for leaving aren’t economic either. ", "We should leave because we’ve achieved all we can inside, because it’s time to get out of the way and allow the European project to be completed, and because there are new opportunities in the wider world.", "\n\nThe main way the economics matters is pragmatic. ", "Even if we felt the UK’s strategic goals, in terms of promoting our values and ideas around the world, protecting our security and developing ourselves, were in the future best served outside the EU, if leaving would impose enormous economic costs it might simply be too expensive an endeavour. ", "You can’t hope to promote your values very effectively if you are poor and internally chaotic.", "\n\nFortunately there is good reason to believe that over the medium-term – say, by around 2030 – UK GDP will be about the same whether we Leave the EU or Remain. ", "After that, we might even find we gained GDP.", "\n\nWe can see the intuition for why that might be fairly straightforwardly. ", "Whereas ten years ago, around 50% of UK trade was with the EU, that’s now down to about 40% and, as the rest of the world grows faster than the EU over the next 15 years, by 2030 it will be down to about 30%. ", "So we will have more than twice as much trade with the rest of the world as we have with the EU.", "\n\nThat means that on the trade side of Brexit, we’d only have to gain half as much value, per unit of trade, with the rest of the world as we lost with the EU (because there’s twice as much rest-of-the-world trade). ", "Is that plausible? ", "I think it fairly clearly is. ", "The EU’s overt tariffs on manufactured goods are rather restricted these days — only around 1%. ", "The Single Market in services is (as everyone notes) incomplete, but in any event the UK would be likely to get good trade agreements in key services such as finance. ", "The UK has converted the EU to an economic philosophy rather similar to ours, so we will not find it terribly onerous to meet EU standards for exporting.", "\n\nOn the other side of the equation, there should be solid new opportunities to make trade deals with countries like Japan and Australia. ", "Without 27 other parties getting in the way with their own complex interests, trade deals should be quicker. ", "I would also expect us to make preferential deals with new EU-style partners. ", "I see no realistic prospect of the UK wanting to “go it alone” in the world.", "\n\nBut suppose that we did choose to “go it alone.” ", "What that would mean is that the UK would adopt a trade stance like that of New Zealand, in which we stripped away all our tariffs. ", "The Treasury’s Brexit impact assessment considered a “WTO” scenario in which the UK chose not to have any preferential trade deals post-Brexit. ", "I think that’s highly implausible, but if did do that we certainly would not adopt the absurd stance modelled by the Treasury, in which we imposed higher tariffs on everyone else under that option, to keep them as bargaining chips for trade deals we never made!", "\n\nWe’d only adopt a WTO-only stance if we wanted to strip tariffs away. ", "Discussion of the Treasury document noted that economists are fairly agreed that more open economies are likely to have higher GDP. ", "Well, yes – and they’d also agree that if we stripped all our tariffs away (contrary to the Treasury’s assumption) we’d have higher GDP not lower. ", "The result would be more like the kind of model produced by Patrick Minford over the weekend.", "\n\nNow I don’t believe we would do that. ", "But that’s because I think the UK would prefer to enter into new strategic partnerships (e.g. perhaps with Canada and Australia). ", "In other words, I think we could get the kind of GDP boost unilaterally abolishing tariffs entirely would produce, as Minford suggests. ", "But we wouldn’t do that because we’d think doing something else would be even better.", "\n\nThus, through some combination of new free trade deals, unilateral tariff reduction and new preferential partnerships, we should be able to do better on our non-EU trade if we are outside the EU. ", "It seems very plausible that we should be able to gain at least half as much per unit of non-EU trade as we lose on EU trade.", "\n\nThere are other gains for us as well. ", "With the UK gone from the EU, the non-Eurozone EU will fairly quickly disappear – every current non-euro EU member will choose between euro Membership and Norway-style EEA membership. ", "Once the Eurozone and the EU become the same thing, that will solve much of the Eurozone dysfunctional governance issues. ", "The Eurozone will have a parliament and a president. ", "It will be able to raise taxes and debts. ", "All that will allow the Eurozone to grow faster — which will be to our benefit as well.", "\n\nFurthermore, the ability to focus our regulation more on our own domestic needs and (crucially) to change or reverse regulation quickly when it is misguided (which the UK is good at and the EU notoriously bad at) should allow for greater regulatory efficiency, boosting domestic growth.", "\n\nI don’t claim that these various economic gains from leaving the EU are decisive as a reason to go. ", "Neither do I claim that they will add up to large increases in GDP. ", "Furthermore, it should not be doubted that firms are currently set up to take maximum advantage of our EU membership, not Brexit, so leaving will be likely to involve some disruption and shifting of investment around. ", "The consequences of that might be 2% or so lost GDP over the first two or three years after we vote to Leave.", "\n\nBut by 2030 there is good reason to believe that GDP should be about the same, whether we Leave or Remain. ", "That is what I believe and what other economists such as Gerard Lyons, Roger Bootle, and Mervyn King believe. ", "We can leave the EU without that materially damaging our economy over the medium-term.", "\n\nAndrew Lilico is Chairman of Economists for Britain\n\nShare" ]

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[ "Pope Francis' top aide said a propaganda video released by Islamic State group militants in the Philippines threatening the pontiff is worrying but notes Vatican security was already at a high level.", "\n\nSecretary of State Cardinal Pietro Parolin, the Holy See's No. ", "2 official, said he has seen the video of militants desecrating Christian statues and threatening the pope by saying they'll come to Rome, as they tear in half photos of him and his predecessor, Pope Benedict XVI.", "\n\nThe video was mostly filmed in the Philippines, where ISIS has been clashing with government forces for control of the city of Marawi, MailOnline reported.", "\n\nParolin said: \"Obviously, one cannot help but worry, above all for the senseless hatred that it is.\" ", "But he said the Vatican has not added more measures to its already bolstered security.", "\n\nIn the video, aimed at attacking Christianity, a narrator celebrates “the truthful soldiers of Mohammed” who are fighting in Asia. ", "It shows them setting a church on fire.", "\n\nThe video also features ISIS militants wrecking decorations in a church, including statues of Jesus, Mary and St. Joseph.", "\n\n“Remember this, you kuffar, we will be in Rome, we will be in Rome, inshallah,” a supposed terrorist named “Abu Jindal” says to the camera.", "\n\nPhotos of Pope Francis and Pope Benedict XVI are shown being ripped in half.", "\n\n“After all their efforts, it would be the religion of the cross that would be broken,” the narrator says as footage of a church in flames rolls in the background. “", "The crusader's enmity toward the Muslims only served to embolden a generation of youth.”", "\n\nThe propaganda was distributed by ISIS-aligned media organization Al Hayat. ", "It also includes violent clips from fighting scenes in Marawi City – showing dead soldiers and jihadists shooting with AK-47s – while the narrator urges East Asian Muslims to come and “perform jihad,” Catholic News Agency reported.", "\n\nBut despite the threatening ISIS propaganda, the Philippines government has tipped the scales against Islamic State militants in Marawi after retaking the city’s grand mosque early Thursday, the Straits Times reported.", "\n\nThe mosque has been used by ISIS militants as a shelter, sniper’s nest and a place to hold hostages. ", "The army refrained from bombing the site due to its religious importance.", "\n\n\"The grand mosque is the biggest and is symbolic of the Islamic nature of the city itself because of its prominence. ", "Having it under the hands of the government provides an impetus to symbolically say that we have captured the center of the city. … ", "The enemy's world is getting smaller,\" Brig. ", "Gen. Restituto Padilla told reporters, according to the Straits Times.", "\n\nThe Vatican, headquarters of the Catholic church, and Italy have been indicated previously as possible targets of Islamist extremism.", "\n\nThe Associated Press contributed to this report." ]

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[ "import re\nfrom collections import OrderedDict\nfrom uuid import uuid4\n\nfrom django.test import Client, TestCase\nfrom django.urls import reverse\n\nfrom flaky import flaky\n\nfrom casexml.apps.case.mock import CaseBlock\nfrom casexml.apps.case.tests.util import delete_all_cases\nfrom casexml.apps.case.util import post_case_blocks\nfrom dimagi.utils.couch.cache.cache_core import get_redis_default_cache\nfrom pillowtop.es_utils import initialize_index_and_mapping\n\nfrom corehq.apps.case_search.models import (\n CLAIM_CASE_TYPE,\n CaseSearchConfig,\n IgnorePatterns,\n)\nfrom corehq.apps.case_search.utils import CaseSearchCriteria\nfrom corehq.apps.domain.shortcuts import create_domain\nfrom corehq.apps.es.tests.utils import ElasticTestMixin, es_test\nfrom corehq.apps.users.models import CommCareUser\nfrom corehq.elastic import get_es_new\nfrom corehq.form_processor.interfaces.dbaccessors import CaseAccessors\nfrom corehq.form_processor.tests.utils import run_with_all_backends\nfrom corehq.pillows.case_search import CaseSearchReindexerFactory, domains_needing_search_index\nfrom corehq.pillows.mappings.case_search_mapping import (\n CASE_SEARCH_INDEX,\n CASE_SEARCH_INDEX_INFO,\n CASE_SEARCH_MAX_RESULTS,\n)\nfrom corehq.util.elastic import ensure_index_deleted\n\nDOMAIN = 'swashbucklers'\nUSERNAME = 'testy_mctestface'\nPASSWORD = '123'\nCASE_NAME = 'Jamie Hand'\nCASE_TYPE = 'case'\nOWNER_ID = 'nerc'\nTIMESTAMP = '2016-04-17T10:13:06.588694Z'\nFIXED_DATESTAMP = '2016-04-17'\nPATTERN = r'\\d{4}-\\d{2}-\\d{2}T\\d{2}:\\d{2}:\\d{2}\\.\\d+Z'\nDATE_PATTERN = r'\\d{4}-\\d{2}-\\d{2}'\n\n# cf. ", "http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2016/apr/17/boaty-mcboatface-wins-poll-to-name-polar-research-vessel\n\n\n@es_test\nclass CaseSearchTests(ElasticTestMixin, TestCase):\n def setUp(self):\n super(CaseSearchTests, self).setUp()\n self.config, created = CaseSearchConfig.objects.get_or_create(pk=DOMAIN, enabled=True)\n\n def test_add_blacklisted_ids(self):\n criteria = {\n \"commcare_blacklisted_owner_ids\": \"id1 id2 id3,id4\"\n }\n expected = {\n \"query\": {\n \"bool\": {\n \"filter\": [\n {'term': {'domain.exact': 'swashbucklers'}},\n {\"term\": {\"type.exact\": \"case_type\"}},\n {\"term\": {\"closed\": False}},\n {\n \"bool\": {\n \"must_not\": {\n \"term\": {\n \"owner_id\": \"id1\"\n }\n }\n }\n },\n {\n \"bool\": {\n \"must_not\": {\n \"term\": {\n \"owner_id\": \"id2\"\n }\n }\n }\n },\n {\n \"bool\": {\n \"must_not\": {\n \"term\": {\n \"owner_id\": \"id3,id4\"\n }\n }\n }\n },\n {\"match_all\": {}}\n ],\n \"must\": {\n \"match_all\": {}\n }\n }\n },\n \"size\": CASE_SEARCH_MAX_RESULTS\n }\n\n self.checkQuery(\n CaseSearchCriteria(DOMAIN, 'case_type', criteria).search_es,\n expected\n )\n\n def test_add_ignore_pattern_queries(self):\n rc = IgnorePatterns(\n domain=DOMAIN,\n case_type='case_type',\n case_property='name',\n regex=' word',\n ) # remove ' word' from the name case property\n rc.save()\n self.config.ignore_patterns.add(rc)\n rc = IgnorePatterns(\n domain=DOMAIN,\n case_type='case_type',\n case_property='name',\n regex=' gone',\n ) # remove ' gone' from the name case property\n rc.save()\n self.config.ignore_patterns.add(rc)\n rc = IgnorePatterns(\n domain=DOMAIN,\n case_type='case_type',\n case_property='special_id',\n regex='-',\n ) # remove '-' from the special id case property\n rc.save()\n self.config.ignore_patterns.add(rc)\n self.config.save()\n rc = IgnorePatterns(\n domain=DOMAIN,\n case_type='case_type',\n case_property='phone_number',\n regex='+',\n ) # remove '+' from the phone_number case property\n rc.save()\n self.config.ignore_patterns.add(rc)\n self.config.save()\n\n criteria = OrderedDict([\n ('phone_number', '+91999'),\n ('special_id', 'abc-123-546'),\n ('name', \"this word should be gone\"),\n ('other_name', \"this word should not be gone\"),\n ])\n\n expected = {\n \"query\": {\n \"bool\": {\n \"filter\": [\n {'term': {'domain.exact': 'swashbucklers'}},\n {\"term\": {\"type.exact\": \"case_type\"}},\n {\"term\": {\"closed\": False}},\n {\"match_all\": {}}\n ],\n \"must\": {\n \"bool\": {\n \"must\": [\n {\n \"nested\": {\n \"path\": \"case_properties\",\n \"query\": {\n \"bool\": {\n \"filter\": [\n {\n \"bool\": {\n \"filter\": [\n {\n \"term\": {\n \"case_properties.key.exact\": \"phone_number\"\n }\n },\n {\n \"term\": {\n \"case_properties.value.exact\": \"91999\"\n }\n }\n ]\n }\n }\n ],\n \"must\": {\n \"match_all\": {}\n }\n }\n }\n }\n },\n {\n \"nested\": {\n \"path\": \"case_properties\",\n \"query\": {\n \"bool\": {\n \"filter\": [\n {\n \"bool\": {\n \"filter\": [\n {\n \"term\": {\n \"case_properties.key.exact\": \"special_id\"\n }\n },\n {\n \"term\": {\n \"case_properties.value.exact\": \"abc123546\"\n }\n }\n ]\n }\n }\n ],\n \"must\": {\n \"match_all\": {}\n }\n }\n }\n }\n },\n {\n \"nested\": {\n \"path\": \"case_properties\",\n \"query\": {\n \"bool\": {\n \"filter\": [\n {\n \"bool\": {\n \"filter\": [\n {\n \"term\": {\n \"case_properties.key.exact\": \"name\"\n }\n },\n {\n \"term\": {\n \"case_properties.value.exact\": \"this should be\"\n }\n }\n ]\n }\n }\n ],\n \"must\": {\n \"match_all\": {}\n }\n }\n }\n }\n },\n {\n \"nested\": {\n \"path\": \"case_properties\",\n \"query\": {\n \"bool\": {\n \"filter\": [\n {\n \"bool\": {\n \"filter\": [\n {\n \"term\": {\n \"case_properties.key.exact\": \"other_name\"\n }\n },\n {\n \"term\": {\n \"case_properties.value.exact\": \"this word should not be gone\"\n }\n }\n ]\n }\n }\n ],\n \"must\": {\n \"match_all\": {}\n }\n }\n }\n }\n }\n ]\n }\n }\n }\n },\n \"size\": CASE_SEARCH_MAX_RESULTS\n }\n self.checkQuery(\n CaseSearchCriteria(DOMAIN, 'case_type', criteria).search_es,\n expected,\n validate_query=False\n )\n\n\n@es_test\nclass CaseClaimEndpointTests(TestCase):\n def setUp(self):\n self.domain = create_domain(DOMAIN)\n self.user = CommCareUser.create(DOMAIN, USERNAME, PASSWORD, None, None)\n initialize_index_and_mapping(get_es_new(), CASE_SEARCH_INDEX_INFO)\n CaseSearchConfig.objects.get_or_create(pk=DOMAIN, enabled=True)\n delete_all_cases()\n self.case_id = uuid4().hex\n _, [self.case] = post_case_blocks([CaseBlock.deprecated_init(\n create=True,\n case_id=self.case_id,\n case_type=CASE_TYPE,\n case_name=CASE_NAME,\n external_id=CASE_NAME,\n user_id=OWNER_ID,\n owner_id=OWNER_ID,\n update={'opened_by': OWNER_ID},\n ).as_xml()], {'domain': DOMAIN})\n domains_needing_search_index.clear()\n CaseSearchReindexerFactory(domain=DOMAIN).build().reindex()\n es = get_es_new()\n es.indices.refresh(CASE_SEARCH_INDEX)\n\n def tearDown(self):\n ensure_index_deleted(CASE_SEARCH_INDEX)\n self.user.delete(deleted_by=None)\n self.domain.delete()\n cache = get_redis_default_cache()\n cache.clear()\n\n @run_with_all_backends\n def test_claim_case(self):\n \"\"\"\n A claim case request should create an extension case\n \"\"\"\n self.assertEqual(len(CaseAccessors(DOMAIN).get_case_ids_in_domain(CLAIM_CASE_TYPE)), 0)\n\n client = Client()\n client.login(username=USERNAME, password=PASSWORD)\n url = reverse('claim_case', kwargs={'domain': DOMAIN})\n client.post(url, {'case_id': self.case_id})\n\n claim_ids = CaseAccessors(DOMAIN).get_case_ids_in_domain(CLAIM_CASE_TYPE)\n self.assertEqual(len(claim_ids), 1)\n claim = CaseAccessors(DOMAIN).get_case(claim_ids[0])\n self.assertEqual(claim.owner_id, self.user.get_id)\n self.assertEqual(claim.name, CASE_NAME)\n\n @run_with_all_backends\n def test_duplicate_client_claim(self):\n \"\"\"\n Server should not allow the same client to claim the same case more than once\n \"\"\"\n client = Client()\n client.login(username=USERNAME, password=PASSWORD)\n url = reverse('claim_case', kwargs={'domain': DOMAIN})\n # First claim\n response = client.post(url, {'case_id': self.case_id})\n self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)\n # Dup claim\n response = client.post(url, {'case_id': self.case_id})\n self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 409)\n self.assertEqual(response.content.decode('utf-8'), 'You have already claimed that case')\n\n @run_with_all_backends\n def test_duplicate_user_claim(self):\n \"\"\"\n Server should not allow the same user to claim the same case more than once\n \"\"\"\n client1 = Client()\n client1.login(username=USERNAME, password=PASSWORD)\n url = reverse('claim_case', kwargs={'domain': DOMAIN})\n # First claim\n response = client1.post(url, {'case_id': self.case_id})\n self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)\n # Dup claim\n client2 = Client()\n client2.login(username=USERNAME, password=PASSWORD)\n response = client2.post(url, {'case_id': self.case_id})\n self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 409)\n self.assertEqual(response.content.decode('utf-8'), 'You have already claimed that case')\n\n @flaky\n @run_with_all_backends\n def test_claim_restore_as(self):\n \"\"\"Server should assign cases to the correct user\n \"\"\"\n client = Client()\n client.login(username=USERNAME, password=PASSWORD)\n other_user_username = 'other_user@{}.commcarehq.org'.format(DOMAIN)\n other_user = CommCareUser.create(DOMAIN, other_user_username, PASSWORD, None, None)\n\n url = reverse('claim_case', kwargs={'domain': DOMAIN})\n\n client.post(url, {\n 'case_id': self.case_id,\n 'commcare_login_as': other_user_username\n })\n\n claim_ids = CaseAccessors(DOMAIN).get_case_ids_in_domain(CLAIM_CASE_TYPE)\n self.assertEqual(len(claim_ids), 1)\n\n claim_case = CaseAccessors(DOMAIN).get_case(claim_ids[0])\n self.assertEqual(claim_case.owner_id, other_user._id)\n\n def test_claim_restore_as_proper_cache(self):\n \"\"\"Server should assign cases to the correct user\n \"\"\"\n client = Client()\n client.login(username=USERNAME, password=PASSWORD)\n other_user_username = 'other_user@{}.commcarehq.org'.format(DOMAIN)\n other_user = CommCareUser.create(DOMAIN, other_user_username, PASSWORD, None, None)\n\n another_user_username = 'another_user@{}.commcarehq.org'.format(DOMAIN)\n another_user = CommCareUser.create(DOMAIN, another_user_username, PASSWORD, None, None)\n\n url = reverse('claim_case', kwargs={'domain': DOMAIN})\n\n client.post(url, {\n 'case_id': self.case_id,\n 'commcare_login_as': other_user_username\n })\n\n claim_ids = CaseAccessors(DOMAIN).get_case_ids_in_domain(CLAIM_CASE_TYPE)\n self.assertEqual(len(claim_ids), 1)\n\n claim_case = CaseAccessors(DOMAIN).get_case(claim_ids[0])\n self.assertEqual(claim_case.owner_id, other_user._id)\n\n client.post(url, {\n 'case_id': self.case_id,\n 'commcare_login_as': another_user_username\n })\n\n # We've now created two claims\n claim_ids = CaseAccessors(DOMAIN).get_case_ids_in_domain(CLAIM_CASE_TYPE)\n self.assertEqual(len(claim_ids), 2)\n\n # The most recent one should be the extension owned by the other user\n claim_cases = CaseAccessors(DOMAIN).get_cases(claim_ids)\n self.assertIn(another_user._id, [case.owner_id for case in claim_cases])\n\n @run_with_all_backends\n def test_search_endpoint(self):\n self.maxDiff = None\n known_result = (\n '<results id=\"case\">' # (\"case\" is not the case type)\n '<case case_id=\"{case_id}\" '\n 'case_type=\"{case_type}\" '\n 'owner_id=\"{owner_id}\" '\n 'status=\"open\">'\n '<case_name>{case_name}</case_name>'\n '<last_modified>2016-04-17T10:13:06.588694Z</last_modified>'\n '<external_id>Jamie Hand</external_id>'\n '<date_opened>2016-04-17</date_opened>'\n '<commcare_search_score>xxx</commcare_search_score>'\n '<location_id>None</location_id>'\n '</case>'\n '</results>'.format(\n case_id=self.case_id,\n case_name=CASE_NAME,\n case_type=CASE_TYPE,\n owner_id=OWNER_ID,\n ))\n\n client = Client()\n client.login(username=USERNAME, password=PASSWORD)\n url = reverse('remote_search', kwargs={'domain': DOMAIN})\n response = client.get(url, {'name': 'Jamie Hand', 'case_type': CASE_TYPE})\n score_regex = re.compile(r'(<commcare_search_score>)(\\d+.\\d+)(<\\/commcare_search_score>)')\n self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)\n self.assertEqual(\n score_regex.sub(r'\\1xxx\\3',\n re.sub(DATE_PATTERN, FIXED_DATESTAMP,\n re.sub(PATTERN, TIMESTAMP, response.content.decode('utf-8')))),\n known_result)\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Github" }

[ 0.001927160075865686, 0.001129638752900064 ]

[ "Palestinian prisoners have engaged in mass hunger strikes since 1968, after Israel occupied the Palestinian territories.", "\n\nAfter 40 days of fasting, approximately 1,500 Palestinian political prisoners announced the end of their hunger strike for basic rights in Israeli jails on Saturday.", "\n\nOn April 17, Palestinian Prisoners Day, the prisoners embarked on the dangerous journey of an open-ended fast to pressure Israel - which is responsible under international law for the well-being of all persons in its custody - to improve prison conditions. ", "The prisoners survived on salt water only.", "\n\nHealthy humans can survive up to eight weeks without food, but the risk of starvation differs from one person to another depending on body weight, genetics and other factors.", "\n\nThe prisoners' demands were simple. ", "They included the installation of a public telephone to communicate with their families, reinstating bimonthly family visits, better medical treatment, allowing prisoners to take photographs with their families regularly, and installing air conditioning where lacking.", "\n\nThey also called on Israel to end its policy of administrative detention, which allows the imprisonment of individuals on \"secret evidence\" for months and years on end, and to end its excessive use of solitary confinement, which is in direct contravention of international law.", "\n\nA deal was said to have been reached with Israeli authorities for better conditions, but no details have been made public yet.", "\n\nUnder international human rights law, prisoners must be guaranteed basic human rights, which include the right to maintain a family life and freedom from torture and other forms of CIDT (cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment).", "\n\nSince 1967, 72 Palestinian political prisoners have died as a result of torture by Israeli prison authorities, according to Jerusalem-based prisoners' rights group Addameer.", "\n\nREAD MORE: What it means to be a Palestinian prisoner in Israel\n\n\"Israel's responsibility … is supposed to be even greater towards prisoners because incarceration is a condition that exposes the incarcerated person to violations of his/her rights to a greater degree than with non-incarcerated citizens and residents,\" Ran Yaron, a spokesperson for Physicians for Human Rights in Israel, told Al Jazeera.", "\n\nPalestinians have launched and engaged in mass hunger strikes as far back as 1968 after Israel occupied the remaining Palestinian territories of the West Bank, East Jerusalem and the Gaza Strip. ", "Some strikes have been regarded as successful, while others were seen to have failed to reach their goals.", "\n\nSeveral Palestinian administrative detainees have also gone on individual hunger strikes and have managed to pressure Israel into releasing them, although some have been rearrested.", "\n\nThough in some cases Israeli prison authorities agreed to negotiate with prisoners on improving conditions, they more often than not respond by placing the prisoners in solitary confinement, transferring them between prisons and blocking family visits.", "\n\nFrom the 1980s onwards, prison authorities resorted to force-feeding prisoners on hunger strike using a nasal tube, which resulted in the death of several Palestinians.", "\n\nThe United Nations Committee Against Torture has called on Israel to ensure that prisoners on hunger strike are not subjected to force-feeding or other medical treatment against their will, as it could amount to torture. ", "UN experts have also said the practice \"under no circumstance will ... comply with human rights standards\".", "\n\nHunger strikes have taken place elsewhere throughout history as a method of nonviolent resistance. ", "By drawing international attention to the plight of prisoners, they aim to put pressure on their jailers and spur a change in policy.", "\n\nThe tactic was used by British and American suffragettes in the early 20th century, Irish republicans, and most notably, Mahatma Gandhi, among many others. ", "Under international human rights norms, hunger striking is seen as a form of freedom of expression and a civil and political right.", "\n\nAl Jazeera compiled a timeline of notable mass hunger strikes in Palestinian history and looked at what has been achieved." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2" }

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[ "Mike Waters (politician)\n\nMike Waters (born 30 June 1967) is a South African politician, and Member of Parliament for the opposition Democratic Alliance (DA), where he served as the Opposition's Deputy Chief Whip from 2014-2019. ", "He has served as the Shadow Minister of Health and as the Shadow Minister of Social Development.", "\n\nEarly life\nMike Waters attended Bedfordview High School before attaining a diploma in Human Resources from Technikon Witwatersrand. ", "He joined the Democratic Party in 1989, and became president of the DP National Youth in 1994.", "\n\nPolitical career\nWaters began his professional political career on the Kempton Park town council, winning a landmark by-election against the National Party in 1997. ", "He was elected to Parliament in 1999, and subsequently was appointed DA spokesperson on Child Abuse. ", "In 2004 he became Social Development spokesperson. ", "He succeeded Gareth Morgan as Shadow Health Minister in 2006, a position he held until 2012.", "\n\nPolicy issues\n\nAIDS policy\nWaters has been a vocal critic of the African National Congress's health policies, particularly those of controversial former health minister Manto Tshabalala-Msimang.", "\n\nChild abuse\nAs the DA's spokesperson on child abuse, Waters visited all 45 child protection units in South Africa during 2002. ", "The following year he visited all 48 sexual offences units. ", "He was vocally critical of the ruling ANC's decision to disband the amalgamated Family Violence, Child Protection and Sexual Offences units in 2006.", "\n\nNational Health Insurance\nWaters has publicly criticised the ANC's proposed national health insurance scheme. ", "He has labeled the plan anti-poor and irresponsible:\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n Waters' profile at Whoswhosa.co.za\n Profile at Old Parliament website\n\nOffices held \n\nCategory:Living people\nCategory:Democratic Alliance (South Africa) politicians\nCategory:1967 births\nCategory:Gay politicians\nCategory:South African people of Welsh descent\nCategory:White South African people\nCategory:Members of the National Assembly of South Africa\nCategory:British emigrants to South Africa\nCategory:People from Middlesbrough\nCategory:LGBT politicians from South Africa" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }

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[ "How is the American economy supposed to limp its way back towards some pitiful semblance of prosperity when every time a city has a nice space that would be perfect for a cash-earning business, woops, a church just stole it?", "\n\nThis is happening! ", "Did you know that a church does not contribute a god damn thing economically, and, to the contrary, pays no taxes at all while still consuming city services such as firefighter responses when heathens burst into flames? ", "It is true. ", "Churches contribute less to the public coffers than more civic-minded businesses like strip clubs and sex shops and Satanic apparel outlet stores. ", "The WSJ reports that America's entire tumbleweed-strewn business district is hamstrung by a preponderance of freeloading houses of worship, popping up faster than toadstools on the cow shit of the recession.", "\n\nThe City of San Diego fought for two years to prevent a church from settling in an industrial park, which the city said was meant for job-creating businesses, not worship.", "\n\nSomething useful—not church. ", "When will Jesus start paying his fair share?", "\n\n[Pic via]" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2" }

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[ "#include <iostream>\n#include <algorithm>\n#include \"boxm2_data_base.h\"\n#ifdef _MSC_VER\n# include \"vcl_msvc_warnings.h\"\n#endif\n//:\n// \\file\n\nvoid helper(boxm2_block_metadata& data, long& num_cells, double& side_len)\n{\n //determine number of cells to allocate - based on init_level\n long init_cells_per_tree;\n //double side_len = data.sub_block_dim_.x(); //side length for initialized cell\n side_len = data.sub_block_dim_.x(); //side length for initialized cell\n if ( data.init_level_ == 1) {\n init_cells_per_tree = 1;\n }\n else if ( data.init_level_ == 2) {\n init_cells_per_tree = 1 + 8;\n side_len /= 2.0;\n }\n else if ( data.init_level_ == 3) {\n init_cells_per_tree = 1 + 8 + 64;\n side_len /= 4.0;\n }\n else if ( data.init_level_ == 4) {\n init_cells_per_tree = 1 + 8 + 64 + 512;\n side_len /= 8.0;\n }\n else\n init_cells_per_tree = 0; // dummy setting, to avoid compiler warning\n\n //total number of cells = numTrees * init_cells_per_tree\n num_cells = data.sub_block_num_.x() *\n data.sub_block_num_.y() *\n data.sub_block_num_.z() * init_cells_per_tree;\n}\n\n//: allocate an empty data diddy\nboxm2_data_base::boxm2_data_base(boxm2_block_metadata data, const std::string& data_type, bool read_only)\n{\n read_only_ = read_only;\n id_ = data.id_;\n\n long num_cells;\n double side_len;\n helper(data, num_cells, side_len);\n\n std::size_t cell_size = boxm2_data_info::datasize(data_type);\n //total buffer length\n buffer_length_ = num_cells * cell_size;\n#if 0\n std::cout<<\"boxm2_data_base::empty \"<<data_type<<\" num cells: \"\n <<num_cells<<'\\n'\n <<\" number of bytes: \"<<buffer_length_<<std::endl;\n#endif\n\n //now construct a byte stream, and read in with b_read\n data_buffer_ = new char[buffer_length_];\n\n this->set_default_value(data_type, data);\n}\n//: accessor to a portion of the byte buffer\nvoid boxm2_data_base::set_default_value(const std::string& data_type, boxm2_block_metadata data)\n{\n long num_cells;\n double side_len;\n helper(data, num_cells, side_len);\n\n //initialize the data to the correct value\n if (data_type.find(boxm2_data_traits<BOXM2_ALPHA>::prefix()) !", "= std::string::npos) {\n const auto ALPHA_INIT = float(-std::log(1.0f - data.p_init_) / side_len);\n auto* alphas = (float*) data_buffer_;\n std::fill(alphas, alphas+num_cells, ALPHA_INIT);\n }\n else if (data_type.find(boxm2_data_traits<BOXM2_GAMMA>::prefix()) !", "= std::string::npos) {\n const auto GAMMA_INIT = float(-std::log(1.0f - data.p_init_) / (side_len*side_len*side_len));\n auto* alphas = (float*) data_buffer_;\n int buffer_length = (int)(buffer_length_/sizeof(float));\n for (int i=0; i<buffer_length; ++i) alphas[i] = GAMMA_INIT;\n }\n else if ( data_type.find(boxm2_data_traits<BOXM2_NUM_OBS>::prefix()) !", "= std::string::npos ||\n data_type.find(boxm2_data_traits<BOXM2_AUX>::prefix()) !", "= std::string::npos ) {\n std::memset(data_buffer_, 0, buffer_length_);\n }\n else if (data_type.find(boxm2_data_traits<BOXM2_GAUSS_RGB>::prefix()) !", "= std::string::npos) {\n std::memset(data_buffer_, (vxl_byte) 128, buffer_length_);\n }\n else if ( data_type.find(boxm2_data_traits<BOXM2_FLOAT8>::prefix()) !", "= std::string::npos ) {\n auto* floats = (float*) data_buffer_;\n int buffer_length = (int)(buffer_length_/sizeof(float));\n for (int i=0; i<buffer_length; ++i) floats[i] = 0.0;\n }\n else if ( data_type.find(boxm2_data_traits<BOXM2_FLOAT16>::prefix()) !", "= std::string::npos ) {\n auto* floats = (float*) data_buffer_;\n int buffer_length = (int)(buffer_length_/sizeof(float));\n for (int i=0; i<buffer_length; ++i) floats[i] = 0.0;\n }\n else if (data_type.find(boxm2_data_traits<BOXM2_VIS_SPHERE>::prefix()) !", "= std::string::npos ) {\n auto* floats = (float*) data_buffer_;\n int buffer_length = (int)(buffer_length_/sizeof(float));\n for (int i=0; i<buffer_length; ++i) floats[i] = 1.0f;\n }\n else {\n std::memset(data_buffer_, 0, buffer_length_);\n }\n}\n\n//: accessor to a portion of the byte buffer\nchar * boxm2_data_base::cell_buffer(int i, std::size_t cell_size)\n{\n if ((i+cell_size-1) < buffer_length_) {\n char * out = new char[cell_size];\n for (int j = 0; j < (int)cell_size; j++) {\n out[j] = data_buffer_[i+j];\n }\n return out;\n }\n else return nullptr;\n}\n\n\n//: Binary write boxm2_data_base to stream\nvoid vsl_b_write(vsl_b_ostream& /*os*/, boxm2_data_base const& /*scene*/) {}\n//: Binary write boxm2_data_base to stream\nvoid vsl_b_write(vsl_b_ostream& /*os*/, const boxm2_data_base* & /*p*/) {}\n//: Binary write boxm2_data_base_sptr to stream\nvoid vsl_b_write(vsl_b_ostream& /*os*/, boxm2_data_base_sptr& /*sptr*/) {}\n//: Binary write boxm2_data_base_sptr to stream\nvoid vsl_b_write(vsl_b_ostream& /*os*/, boxm2_data_base_sptr const& /*sptr*/) {}\n\n//: Binary load boxm2_data_base from stream.", "\nvoid vsl_b_read(vsl_b_istream& /*is*/, boxm2_data_base & /*scene*/) {}\n//: Binary load boxm2_data_base from stream.", "\nvoid vsl_b_read(vsl_b_istream& /*is*/, boxm2_data_base* /*p*/) {}\n//: Binary load boxm2_data_base_sptr from stream.", "\nvoid vsl_b_read(vsl_b_istream& /*is*/, boxm2_data_base_sptr& /*sptr*/) {}\n//: Binary load boxm2_data_base_sptr from stream.", "\nvoid vsl_b_read(vsl_b_istream& /*is*/, boxm2_data_base_sptr const& /*sptr*/) {}\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Github" }

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[ "Tissue-specific expression of the chicken alpha A-crystallin gene in cultured lens epithelia and transgenic mice.", "\nThe present experiments show that the single gene for the lens-specific protein alpha A-crystallin of chickens and mice uses a different subset of cis- and trans-acting regulatory elements for expression in transfected embryonic chicken lens epithelial cells. ", "A chicken alpha A-crystallin-chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) fusion gene required 162 base pairs whereas the murine alpha A-crystallin-CAT fusion gene required only 111 base pairs of 5'-flanking sequences for efficient tissue-specific expression in the transfected chicken lens cells. ", "Gel retardation and competition experiments were performed using embryonic chicken lens nuclear extract and oligodeoxynucleotides identical to the 5'-flanking region of the chicken (-170/-111) and murine (-111/-88 and -88/-55) alpha A-crystallin gene. ", "The results indicated that these homologous promoters use different nuclear factors for function. ", "Methylation interference analysis identified a dyad of symmetry (CTGGTTCCCACCAG) at position -153 to -140 in the chicken alpha A-crystallin promoter which binds one or more lens nuclear factors. ", "Gel mobility shift experiments using nuclear extracts of brain, reticulocytes, and muscle of embryonic chickens or HeLa cells suggested that the factor(s) binding to the chicken alpha A-crystallin gene promoter sequences are not lens specific. ", "Despite differences in the functional and protein-binding properties of the alpha A-crystallin gene promoter of chickens and mice, expression of the chicken alpha A-crystallin-CAT fusion gene in transgenic mice was lens specific, consistent with a common underlying mechanism for expression of the alpha A-crystallin gene in chickens and mice." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }

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[ "---\nauthor:\n- |\n \\\n Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas, Rua Dr. Xavier Sigaud 150, 22290-180 URCA, Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brazil\\\n E-mail:\n- 'representing the CTA Consortium[^1]'\ntitle: 'Cherenkov Telescope Array Science: Multi-wavelength and multi-messenger perspectives'\n---\n\nIntroduction\n============\n\nThe Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) will be an observatory with two arrays of imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes (IACTs), one in each hemisphere, for complete sky coverage. ", "Composed of a large number of telescopes and three different classes of telescopes – Large, Medium, and Small-Sized Telescopes (LSTs, MSTs, SSTs) – CTA will operate in a wide energy range, starting at around 20 GeV, to beyond 300 TeV, and will improve the sensitivity level of current instruments by an order of magnitude at 1 TeV. These unique characteristics of sensitivity and energy coverage give CTA access to unprecedented science in the very high-energy (VHE) domain. ", "The CTA telescopes will have Cherenkov cameras with wide fields of view, between $>4.5^{\\circ}$ and $>8^{\\circ}$ depending on telescope type. ", "Allied with an improved angular resolution, this will allow for the excellent imaging of extended sources, and performance of Galactic and extragalactic surveys. ", "The large number of telescopes gives array operation flexibility, with the possibility for simultaneous observations of multiple fields.", "\n\nIn the time domain, CTA will be a uniquely powerful instrument for the exploration of the variable universe. ", "The energy range of CTA science is dominated by extreme variability, and CTA is prepared to respond to external alerts with great efficiency, thanks to a maximum repointing time of 30 to 90 s, depending on the telescope open under consideration. ", "The wide field of view and the unprecedented sensitivity of CTA (specially on short integration timescales) will likely make it into an efficient VHE transient factory, providing significant detections of serendipitous transient sources or variable emission episodes. ", "A planned real-time analysis pipeline which will monitor the CTA field of view will also allow it to quickly send alerts for external observatories or to trigger deeper internal follow-ups of interesting and rare events, such as gamma-ray bursts (GRBs).", "\n\nCTA will function as an open observatory. ", "Nevertheless, during the first decade of its operation, part of the CTA observation time (about 40%) will be devoted to a Core Programme, consisting of a number of major legacy projects which will be conducted by the CTA Consortium with guaranteed time [@CTA2019]. ", "The Core Programme is comprised of a series of Key Science Projects (KSPs) of particular scientific value and which demand considerable observation time for their completion. ", "The efficient achievement of the broad-ranging science questions addressed by the CTA KSPs depends strongly on external data, which will complement the information provided by CTA observations. ", "This contribution is concerned with giving a general overview of such demands, aiming at developing future strategies to maximise data access and the global scientific return of CTA’s multi-wavelength (MWL) and multi-messenger (MM) synergies.", "\n\nAs a matter of fact, CTA science will have important interfaces with many of the new generation of astronomical and astro-particle observatories. ", "Along with CTA, new major facilities are coming into operation in this or the next decade, throughout the electromagnetic spectrum – e.g., SKA in radio waves, the giant optical telescopes E-ELT, TMT and GMT, amongst others – which will revolutionise their respective fields. ", "New multi-messenger facilities, or planned upgrades of current ones, will take the recent, early achievements of these new fields of observational astronomy a step forward. ", "In a two-way relationship, CTA science will majorly benefit from, and will greatly influence, key results and discoveries by these new telescopes.", "\n\nIn the following, we will describe the CTA Science Programme and highlight its MWL and MM synergies and requirements, with some focus on transient sources towards the end.", "\n\nThe Galaxy with CTA\n===================\n\nThe foundation for Galactic science with CTA will be provided by the [**Galactic Plane Survey**]{} (GPS), which will fulfil a number of goals, of which the most basic one will be to provide a census of Galactic very high-energy (VHE) gamma-ray source populations, such as supernova remnants (SNRs), pulsar-wind nebulae (PWNe), and binary systems, substantially increasing the source count thanks to the CTA improved sensitivity (see Figure \\[fig:gps\\]). ", "In performing the GPS– which will consist of a deep survey down to $\\sim 2$ mCrab of the inner Galaxy and the Cygnus regions, plus a shallower survey (down to $\\sim 4$ mCrab) of the entire Galactic plane – determining the properties of the Galactic diffuse emission will also be an important goal. ", "Finally, the survey will produce a multi-purpose, legacy data set of long-lasting value to the entire astronomical community.", "\n\nSpecial attention will be dispensed to the inner Galaxy within the GPS. ", "Deeper exposures of the inner few degrees of the Galaxy will be performed for a detailed study of the Galactic Centre. ", "These observations will be complemented by an extended survey to explore regions not yet covered by existing VHE telescopes, at high latitudes, to the edge of the bulge emission, including the base of the Fermi Bubbles and interesting sources such as the Kepler SNR. ", "The core goal of the [**Galactic Centre Survey**]{} is to provide unprecedented spatial and spectral sensitivity of this crucial regions of the Galaxy which may allow us to identify the central source [@Aharonian2009] and decide between the models proposed to explain the extended emission [@Aharonian2006], thus providing a deeper understanding of the capability for cosmic ray acceleration in the Galaxy [@HESS2016]. ", "The Galactic Center is also a top Dark Matter target for CTA.", "\n\nThe search for the sources of petaelectronvolt protons (the so-called [**PeVatrons**]{}) will be another main focus of the GPS. ", "It is well known that SNRs are able to satisfy the cosmic-ray energy requirement [@Hillas2005], via diffusive shock acceleration at the expanding SNR shocks [@Drury1983]. ", "However, it is still unclear whether or not they can act as cosmic-ray PeVatrons, given uncertainties in the mechanisms of magnetic field amplification [@Bell2004]. ", "The observation of [**Star-Forming Regions**]{} with CTA will help unveil the relation between cosmic rays and star formation. ", "Among the prime regions for such study are the Carina and Cygnus regions and the massive stellar cluster Westerlund 1. ", "Outside the Galaxy, the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) will be target of a dedicated survey.", "\n\nThe AGN and Extragalactic Science Case\n======================================\n\nFrom the side of the extragalactic science, CTA will perform the first blind [**Extragalactic Survey**]{} at VHEs, covering 25% of the sky. ", "Like the GPS, the primary goal of the survey is to construct an unbiased VHE extragalactic source catalogue, with an integral sensitivity limit of about $\\sim$ 6 mCrab above 125 GeV. At the moment, there are about 60 extragalactic sources seen with current IACTs, most of which are BL Lacs. ", "This sample is, however, strongly biased, since most observations were made in flaring states, based on triggers from lower frequencies.", "\n\n[**Active Galactic Nuclei**]{} (AGN) represent a unique tool to probe the physics of extreme environments. ", "They are also promising objects in which to look for signatures of ultra high-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs), thanks to the recent multi-messenger connection to IceCube TeV neutrino events [@IceCube2018]. ", "They are also bright beacons serving as probes of cosmological evolution through constraints on photon and magnetic fields along the line of sight. ", "Apart from an unbiased view of their transient character, the studies of AGN performed with the CTA extragalactic survey will allow us, for the first time, to get an unbiased glimpse of the highest energy population of these objects, and probe new source classes, such as the putative “extreme blazars”, with spectral energy distribution (SED) peaks above 1 TeV [@Arsioli2018]. ", "Thanks to its increased sensitivity and lower energy threshold, CTA has also the potential to substantially improve the redshift coverage and increase the population of known VHE sources at high redshifts (Figure \\[fig:xgal\\]). ", "The highest redshift of the current sample is $\\sim$ 0.9, but extrapolations from the population of Fermi-LAT objects show that over 200 additional blazars, as well as several radio galaxies, should be visible by CTA, up to $z \\sim$ 2 [@Sol2013] .", "\n\nFinally, [**Galaxy Clusters**]{}, constitute another primary extragalactic science target for CTA. ", "Their importance and interest relies on the fact that they are expected to be reservoirs of cosmic rays. ", "The detection of diffuse synchrotron radio emission in several clusters confirms the presence of cosmic-ray electrons and magnetic fields permeating the intra-cluster medium (ICM). ", "And while there is no direct proof for proton acceleration yet, gamma rays can probe it, as such particles are expected to give out high-energy gamma-ray emission through neutral pion decay.", "\n\nMWL synergies for CTA\n=====================\n\nIn studying cosmic VHE non-thermal emission, CTA will probe the cosmic ray particle population and the extreme environments which produce them. ", "By nature, such non-thermal emission spans many orders of magnitude in energy, covering the broad band electromagnetic spectrum. ", "To understand the particle populations responsible for the observed emission, it is necessary therefore to have a combined view of the entire SED of the sources. ", "Such a coordinated view is also necessary for the broader study of the various source properties and source populations detected by CTA. ", "In particular, MWL correlations, and the cross-matching between MWL catalogues, are the means to enable source identification and to provide a detailed review of their environment, especially in the Galaxy, where fields are considerably more crowded, and source-ISM interactions are very important. ", "The detailed study of source variability not only demands the combination of large MWL data sets, but also the temporal coordination, or simultaneous observations, between many facilities, with a significant time demand on CTA for follow-up observations of external alerts. ", "Finally, in many cases, source distance estimations, both in the Galaxy and beyond, are only possible in a context where MWL data is available. ", "Figure 3 provides an overview of the MWL / MM synergies.", "\n\nImmediate MWL synergies for CTA science come from [**X-rays**]{}, which have origin in extreme environments which can be readily associated with particle acceleration sites, such as shocked matter, accretion, or high-velocity outflows. ", "The study of X-ray thermal emission provides otherwise unaccessible plasma properties and energetics. ", "As a complement to the VHE observations, X-ray data are important for providing high-resolution images of extreme environments, with greater sensitivity than achievable by CTA. ", "Key facilities are the spectro-imaging missions Chandra and XMM-Newton, and the timing observatories Suzaku and Swift, and NuStar, in the hard X-ray domain. ", "Such telescopes are expected to continue functioning during the first few years of CTA operations, but new missions will guarantee continued synergies with CTA such as eROSITA, which will provide an all-sky imaging survey in the 2-10 keV band.", "\n\nThanks to excellent angular resolutions, [**radio and sub-millimetre**]{} observations offer the best support in localising the particle acceleration zones. ", "Radio measurements can also provide unique constraints on the magnetic fields at the sources through polarimetric and Faraday rotation measures, and provide pulsar ephemerides which allow for the search of pulsed emission in the VHE domain. ", "In terms of facilities, radio astronomy is entering a phase of rapid development. ", "At the low-frequency range, below 140 MHz, LOFAR is the main example. ", "Of special notice is the future Square Kilometre Array (SKA), whose first phase of operations will coincide with CTA’s science verification phase, with full operations expected from 2024. ", "SKA will have unprecedented sensitivity and angular resolution, with very large field of view capabilities enabled by phased-array technology. ", "SKA pathfinders, such as the Australian ASKAP and UTMOST (100s MHz), and MeerKAT (GHz) in South Africa, are already in operation, and present important synergy potential with CTA. ", "In the mm and sub-mm bands it is worth mentioning facilities such as Mopra (Australia), APEX and Nanten2 (Chile), as well as the already-operational Atacama Large Millimetre Array (ALMA), for supporting the study of diffuse emission around accelerator sites.", "\n\n{width=\"\\textwidth\"}\n\nIntensely variable, non-thermal synchrotron emission in [**optical/IR**]{} is observed from a wide class of transient sources, such as blazars, microquasars and pulsar-wind nebulae, all of which are gamma-ray emitters. ", "The advantage of the optical domain as a counterpart to CTA science is the fact that the large number of small-to-medium facilities worldwide provide a secure network of telescopes to complement CTA science in a very flexible way. ", "The relatively low cost of such facilities also opens the way for potential Optical Support Telescopes (OSTs) on site. ", "The Consortium is currently studying the feasibility of installing two 1-m class telescopes with polarimetric capability on each site to dedicatedly service CTA science, specially for transient source monitoring and coordinated multi-band campaigns, which demand a lot of coverage time from external facilities. ", "In terms of telescopes, the optical domain will see a wealth of new, very-large ground-based facilities coming online in the next decade, such as the European Extremely Large Telescope and the Giant Magellan Telescope, in Chile, and the Thirty Meter Telescope in Hawaii. ", "In space the field will see the successor of the Hubble Space Telescope (HST), the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), launching in 2021. ", "Finally, [**optical polarimetry**]{} has become an important counterpart to VHE observations, as polarimetric observations offer an ideal way of isolating the synchrotron/non-thermal component from the total optical emission [@Barres2014; @Jermak2016].", "\n\nTo conclude, the [**hard X-ray/soft gamma-ray domain**]{} (0.1 - 10 MeV), and the [**high-energy gamma-ray GeV domain**]{} represent important complements to CTA, providing immediate extrapolations of the VHE spectrum to lower energies. ", "From the first group, INTEGRAL is the best example, which will hopefully continue to operate beyond this decade. ", "In the MeV-GeV domain, Fermi-LAT is a primary space-based partner to CTA, on which CTA will greatly rely for the study of transients. ", "The newest missions DAMPE and HERD (exp. ", "2020) come as useful partners above 100 GeV, and other proposed missions from EU and the US may also come online in the next decade. ", "Finally, the ground-based particle HAWC and LHAASO constitute VHE all-sky complements to CTA operation, to which a southern version is highly expected.", "\n\nMulti-messenger and transients follow-up with CTA\n=================================================\n\nTransient astrophysical sources constitute the most demanding and critical sources in terms of MWL synergies for CTA. ", "These objects are also potential sources for non-photonic signals, being at the central stage of the new multi-messenger astronomy. ", "Due to their variable character, such objects have always been challenging to study in the VHE domain, but this picture is set to change dramatically, thanks to the unprecedented sensitivity of CTA at the lowest variability timescales [@Funk2013]. ", "An excellent example is the recent detection by MAGIC of the first gamma-ray burst (GRB) at sub-TeV energies [@GRB]. ", "The relatively large field of view (FoV) of CTA is another factor which will be crucial for transients and in allowing for the discovery of serendipitous sources by CTA. ", "A real-time analysis (RTA) service is planned for CTA to recognise new transients and issue automatic alerts for follow ups by other telescopes [@Fioretti2015].", "\n\nCTA proposes to follow up on observations of transient targets, among which are AGN, GRBs, Galactic transients, as well as the most interesting multi-messenger neutrinos and gravitational wave (GW) events. ", "The time toll within CTA for such observations is expected to be quite large with aggregate observation times of up to 390 h/yr/site during the early phase operations of CTA [@CTA2019]. ", "But the requests from external facilities which will provide complementary MWL follow-ups is equally demanding, and will require strong cooperation for simultaneous or coordinated multi-instrumental campaigns in both hemispheres, and in space. ", "In this context, follow-up campaigns of high-energy neutrino transients or GW events are top priority. ", "Neutrino observatories such as IceCube and KM3Net (in construction) will provide regular alerts of high-energy neutrino events [@Aartsen2013], which are clear indicators of hadronic cosmic-ray production [@Ahlers2015]. ", "CTA follow-up of appropriately selected alerts (estimated in 2-3 per year) can give important insights on the origin of Galactic and extragalactic cosmic-rays [@IceCube2018]. ", "Equal priority will be given to the search of VHE counterparts to GW signal events provided by observatories such as VIRGO and Advanced LIGO [@Abbott2016]. ", "While no counterpart has yet been detected, the MAGIC GRB detection and the Fermi observations of a NS-NS merger [@Abbott2017] provide indications that such goal is achievable by CTA.", "\n\n[99]{} Aartsen M. et al. ", "2013. 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{ "pile_set_name": "ArXiv" }

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[ "// Boost.", "Units - A C++ library for zero-overhead dimensional analysis and \n// unit/quantity manipulation and conversion\n//\n// Copyright (C) 2003-2008 Matthias Christian Schabel\n// Copyright (C) 2008 Steven Watanabe\n//\n// Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (", "See\n// accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at\n// http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)\n\n#ifndef BOOST_UNITS_SI_SOLID_ANGLE_HPP\n#define BOOST_UNITS_SI_SOLID_ANGLE_HPP\n\n#include <boost/units/systems/si/base.hpp>\n\nnamespace boost {\n\nnamespace units { \n\nnamespace si {\n\ntypedef unit<solid_angle_dimension,si::system> solid_angle;\n \nBOOST_UNITS_STATIC_CONSTANT(steradian,solid_angle); \nBOOST_UNITS_STATIC_CONSTANT(steradians,solid_angle); \n\n} // namespace si\n\n} // namespace units\n\n} // namespace boost\n\n#endif // BOOST_UNITS_SI_SOLID_ANGLE_HPP\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Github" }

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