README.md

---
pretty_name: AfriSpeech-200
annotations_creators:
- expert-generated
language_creators:
- crowdsourced
- expert-generated
language:
- en
license:
- cc-by-nc-sa-4.0
multilinguality:
- monolingual
size_categories:
- 10K<n<100K
source_datasets:
- original
task_categories:
- automatic-speech-recognition
task_ids: []
dataset_info:
  features:
  - name: user_id
    dtype: string
  - name: path
    dtype: string
  - name: audio
    dtype:
      audio:
        sampling_rate: 44100
  - name: transcript
    dtype: string
  splits:
  - name: train
    num_bytes: 1722002133
    num_examples: 58000
  - name: dev
    num_bytes: 86120227
    num_examples: 3231
  download_size: 1475540500
  dataset_size: 1808122360
  extra_gated_prompt: By clicking on “Access repository” below, you also agree to not attempt to determine the
   identity of speakers in the Common Voice dataset.
---

# Dataset Card for AfriSpeech-200

## Table of Contents
- [Dataset Card for AfriSpeech-200](#dataset-card-for-afrispeech-200)
  - [Table of Contents](#table-of-contents)
  - [Dataset Description](#dataset-description)
    - [Dataset Summary](#dataset-summary)
    - [How to use](#how-to-use)
    - [Supported Tasks and Leaderboards](#supported-tasks-and-leaderboards)
    - [Languages](#languages)
  - [Dataset Structure](#dataset-structure)
    - [Data Instances](#data-instances)
    - [Data Fields](#data-fields)
    - [Data Splits](#data-splits)
  - [Dataset Creation](#dataset-creation)
    - [Curation Rationale](#curation-rationale)
    - [Source Data](#source-data)
      - [Initial Data Collection and Normalization](#initial-data-collection-and-normalization)
      - [Who are the source language producers?](#who-are-the-source-language-producers)
    - [Annotations](#annotations)
      - [Annotation process](#annotation-process)
      - [Who are the annotators?](#who-are-the-annotators)
    - [Personal and Sensitive Information](#personal-and-sensitive-information)
  - [Considerations for Using the Data](#considerations-for-using-the-data)
    - [Social Impact of Dataset](#social-impact-of-dataset)
    - [Discussion of Biases](#discussion-of-biases)
    - [Other Known Limitations](#other-known-limitations)
  - [Additional Information](#additional-information)
    - [Dataset Curators](#dataset-curators)
    - [Licensing Information](#licensing-information)
    - [Citation Information](#citation-information)
    - [Contributions](#contributions)

## Dataset Description

- **Homepage:** https://github.com/intron-innovation/AfriSpeech-Dataset-Paper
- **Repository:** https://github.com/intron-innovation/AfriSpeech-Dataset-Paper
- **Paper:** [AfriSpeech-200: Pan-African accented speech dataset for clinical and general domain ASR](https://github.com/intron-innovation/AfriSpeech-Dataset-Paper)
- **Leaderboard:** [Needs More Information]
- **Point of Contact:** [Intron Innovation](mailto:intron@intron.io)

### Dataset Summary

AFRISPEECH-200 is a 200hr Pan-African speech corpus for clinical and general domain English accented ASR; a dataset with 120 African accents from 13 countries and 2,463 unique African speakers. 
Our goal is to raise awareness for and advance Pan-African English ASR research, especially for the clinical domain. 

## How to use

The `datasets` library allows you to load and pre-process your dataset in pure Python, at scale. The dataset can be downloaded and prepared in one call to your local drive by using the `load_dataset` function. 

```python
from datasets import load_dataset

afrispeech = load_dataset("tobiolatunji/afrispeech-200", "all")
```

The entire dataset is ~120GB and may take about 2hrs to download depending on internet speed/bandwidth. If you have disk space or bandwidth limitations, you can use `streaming` mode described below to work with smaller subsets of the data. 

Alterntively you are able to pass a config to the `load_dataset` function and download only a subset of the data corresponding to a specific accent of interest. The example provided below is `isizulu`.

For example, to download the isizulu config, simply specify the corresponding accent config name. The list of supported accents is provided in the `accent list` section below:
```python
from datasets import load_dataset

afrispeech = load_dataset("tobiolatunji/afrispeech-200", "isizulu", split="train")
```

Using the datasets library, you can also stream the dataset on-the-fly by adding a `streaming=True` argument to the `load_dataset` function call. Loading a dataset in streaming mode loads individual samples of the dataset at a time, rather than downloading the entire dataset to disk.
```python
from datasets import load_dataset

afrispeech = load_dataset("tobiolatunji/afrispeech-200", "isizulu", split="train", streaming=True)

print(next(iter(afrispeech)))
print(list(afrispeech.take(5)))
```

### Local

```python
from datasets import load_dataset
from torch.utils.data.sampler import BatchSampler, RandomSampler

afrispeech = load_dataset("tobiolatunji/afrispeech-200", "isizulu", split="train")
batch_sampler = BatchSampler(RandomSampler(afrispeech), batch_size=32, drop_last=False)
dataloader = DataLoader(afrispeech, batch_sampler=batch_sampler)
```

### Streaming

```python
from datasets import load_dataset
from torch.utils.data import DataLoader

afrispeech = load_dataset("tobiolatunji/afrispeech-200", "isizulu", split="train", streaming=True)
dataloader = DataLoader(afrispeech, batch_size=32)
```

### Caveats
Note that till the end of the ongoing [AfriSpeech ASR Challenge event](https://zindi.africa/competitions/intron-afrispeech-200-automatic-speech-recognition-challenge) (Feb - May 2023), the transcripts in the validation set are hidden and the test set will be unreleased till May 19, 2023.


### Fine-tuning Colab tutorial

To walk through a complete colab tutorial that finetunes a wav2vec2 model on the afrispeech-200 dataset with `transformers`, take a look at this colab notebook [afrispeech/wav2vec2-colab-tutorial](https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1uZYew6pcgN6UE6sFDLohxD_HKivvDXzD?usp=sharing).


### Supported Tasks and Leaderboards

- Automatic Speech Recognition
- Speech Synthesis (Text-to-Speech)

### Languages

English (Accented)

## Dataset Structure

### Data Instances

A typical data point comprises the path to the audio file, called `path` and its transcription, called `transcript`. Some additional information about the speaker is provided.

```
{
    'speaker_id': 'b545a4ca235a7b72688a1c0b3eb6bde6', 
    'path': 'aad9bd69-7ca0-4db1-b650-1eeea17a0153/5dcb6ee086e392376cd3b7131a250397.wav', 
    'audio_id': 'aad9bd69-7ca0-4db1-b650-1eeea17a0153/5dcb6ee086e392376cd3b7131a250397',
    'audio': {
        'path': 'aad9bd69-7ca0-4db1-b650-1eeea17a0153/5dcb6ee086e392376cd3b7131a250397.wav', 
        'array': array([0.00018311, 0.00061035, 0.00012207, ..., 0.00192261, 0.00195312, 0.00216675]), 
        'sampling_rate': 44100}, 
    'transcript': 'His mother is in her 50 s and has hypertension .', 
    'age_group': '26-40', 
    'gender': 'Male', 
    'accent': 'yoruba', 
    'domain': 'clinical', 
    'country': 'US', 
    'duration': 3.241995464852608
}
```



### Data Fields

- speaker_id: An id for which speaker (voice) made the recording

- path: The path to the audio file

- audio: A dictionary containing the path to the downloaded audio file, the decoded audio array, and the sampling rate. Note that when accessing the audio column: `dataset[0]["audio"]` the audio file is automatically decoded and resampled to `dataset.features["audio"].sampling_rate`. Decoding and resampling of a large number of audio files might take a significant amount of time. Thus it is important to first query the sample index before the `"audio"` column, *i.e.* `dataset[0]["audio"]` should **always** be preferred over `dataset["audio"][0]`.

- transcript: The sentence the user was prompted to speak

### Data Splits

The speech material has been subdivided into portions for train, dev, and test.

Speech was recorded in a quiet environment with high quality microphone, speakers were asked to read one sentence at a time.

- Total Number of Unique Speakers: 2,463
- Female/Male/Other Ratio: 57.11/42.41/0.48
- Data was first split on speakers. Speakers in Train/Dev/Test do not cross partitions

|  | Train | Dev | Test |
| ----------- | ----------- | ----------- | ----------- |
| # Speakers | 1466 | 247 | 750 |
| # Seconds | 624228.83 | 31447.09 | 67559.10 |
| # Hours | 173.4 | 8.74 | 18.77 |
| # Accents | 71 | 45 | 108 |
| Avg secs/speaker | 425.81 | 127.32 | 90.08 |
| Avg num clips/speaker | 39.56 | 13.08 | 8.46 |
| Avg num speakers/accent | 20.65 | 5.49 | 6.94 |
| Avg secs/accent | 8791.96 | 698.82 | 625.55 |
| # clips general domain | 21682 | 1407 | 2723 |
| # clips clinical domain | 36318 | 1824 | 3623 |

## Dataset Creation

### Curation Rationale

Africa has a very low doctor-to-patient ratio. 
At very busy clinics, doctors could see 30+ patients per day-- a heavy patient burden compared with 
developed countries-- but productivity tools such as clinical automatic speech recognition 
(ASR) are lacking for these overworked clinicians. However, clinical ASR is mature, even ubiquitous, 
in developed nations, and clinician-reported performance of commercial clinical ASR systems 
is generally satisfactory. Furthermore, the recent performance of general domain ASR is 
approaching human accuracy. However, several gaps exist. Several publications have 
highlighted racial bias with speech-to-text algorithms and performance on minority 
accents lags significantly. To our knowledge, there is no publicly available research or 
benchmark on accented African clinical ASR, and speech data is non-existent for the 
majority of African accents. We release AfriSpeech, 200hrs of Pan-African speech, 
67,577 clips from 2,463 unique speakers, across 120 indigenous accents from 13 countries for 
clinical and general domain ASR, a benchmark test set, with publicly available pre-trained 
models with SOTA performance on the AfriSpeech benchmark.

### Source Data

#### Country Stats

| Country | Clips | Speakers | Duration (seconds) | Duration (hrs) |
| ----------- | ----------- | ----------- | ----------- | ----------- |
| NG | 45875 | 1979 | 512646.88 | 142.40 |
| KE | 8304 | 137 | 75195.43 | 20.89 |
| ZA | 7870 | 223 | 81688.11 | 22.69 |
| GH | 2018 | 37 | 18581.13 | 5.16 |
| BW | 1391 | 38 | 14249.01 | 3.96 |
| UG | 1092 | 26 | 10420.42 | 2.89 |
| RW | 469 | 9 | 5300.99 | 1.47 |
| US | 219 | 5 | 1900.98 | 0.53 |
| TR | 66 | 1 | 664.01 | 0.18 |
| ZW | 63 | 3 | 635.11 | 0.18 |
| MW | 60 | 1 | 554.61 | 0.15 |
| TZ | 51 | 2 | 645.51 | 0.18 |
| LS | 7 | 1 | 78.40 | 0.02 |

#### Accent Stats

|  Accent | Clips | Speakers | Duration (s) | Country | Splits | 
| ----------- | ----------- | ----------- | ----------- | ----------- | ----------- |
| yoruba | 15407 | 683 | 161587.55 | US,NG | train,test,dev |
| igbo | 8677 | 374 | 93035.79 | US,NG,ZA | train,test,dev |
| swahili | 6320 | 119 | 55932.82 | KE,TZ,ZA,UG | train,test,dev |
| hausa | 5765 | 248 | 70878.67 | NG | train,test,dev |
| ijaw | 2499 | 105 | 33178.9 | NG | train,test,dev |
| afrikaans | 2048 | 33 | 20586.49 | ZA | train,test,dev |
| idoma | 1877 | 72 | 20463.6 | NG | train,test,dev |
| zulu | 1794 | 52 | 18216.97 | ZA,TR,LS | dev,train,test |
| setswana | 1588 | 39 | 16553.22 | BW,ZA | dev,test,train |
| twi | 1566 | 22 | 14340.12 | GH | test,train,dev |
| isizulu | 1048 | 48 | 10376.09 | ZA | test,train,dev |
| igala | 919 | 31 | 9854.72 | NG | train,test |
| izon | 838 | 47 | 9602.53 | NG | train,dev,test |
| kiswahili | 827 | 6 | 8988.26 | KE | train,test |
| ebira | 757 | 42 | 7752.94 | NG | train,test,dev |
| luganda | 722 | 22 | 6768.19 | UG,BW,KE | test,dev,train |
| urhobo | 646 | 32 | 6685.12 | NG | train,dev,test |
| nembe | 578 | 16 | 6644.72 | NG | train,test,dev |
| ibibio | 570 | 39 | 6489.29 | NG | train,test,dev |
| pidgin | 514 | 20 | 5871.57 | NG | test,train,dev |
| luhya | 508 | 4 | 4497.02 | KE | train,test |
| kinyarwanda | 469 | 9 | 5300.99 | RW | train,test,dev |
| xhosa | 392 | 12 | 4604.84 | ZA | train,dev,test |
| tswana | 387 | 18 | 4148.58 | ZA,BW | train,test,dev |
| esan | 380 | 13 | 4162.63 | NG | train,test,dev |
| alago | 363 | 8 | 3902.09 | NG | train,test |
| tshivenda | 353 | 5 | 3264.77 | ZA | test,train |
| fulani | 312 | 18 | 5084.32 | NG | test,train |
| isoko | 298 | 16 | 4236.88 | NG | train,test,dev |
| akan (fante) | 295 | 9 | 2848.54 | GH | train,dev,test |
| ikwere | 293 | 14 | 3480.43 | NG | test,train,dev |
| sepedi | 275 | 10 | 2751.68 | ZA | dev,test,train |
| efik | 269 | 11 | 2559.32 | NG | test,train,dev |
| edo | 237 | 12 | 1842.32 | NG | train,test,dev |
| luo | 234 | 4 | 2052.25 | UG,KE | test,train,dev |
| kikuyu | 229 | 4 | 1949.62 | KE | train,test,dev |
| bekwarra | 218 | 3 | 2000.46 | NG | train,test |
| isixhosa | 210 | 9 | 2100.28 | ZA | train,dev,test |
| hausa/fulani | 202 | 3 | 2213.53 | NG | test,train |
| epie | 202 | 6 | 2320.21 | NG | train,test |
| isindebele | 198 | 2 | 1759.49 | ZA | train,test |
| venda and xitsonga | 188 | 2 | 2603.75 | ZA | train,test |
| sotho | 182 | 4 | 2082.21 | ZA | dev,test,train |
| akan | 157 | 6 | 1392.47 | GH | test,train |
| nupe | 156 | 9 | 1608.24 | NG | dev,train,test |
| anaang | 153 | 8 | 1532.56 | NG | test,dev |
| english | 151 | 11 | 2445.98 | NG | dev,test |
| afemai | 142 | 2 | 1877.04 | NG | train,test |
| shona | 138 | 8 | 1419.98 | ZA,ZW | test,train,dev |
| eggon | 137 | 5 | 1833.77 | NG | test |
| luganda and kiswahili | 134 | 1 | 1356.93 | UG | train |
| ukwuani | 133 | 7 | 1269.02 | NG | test |
| sesotho | 132 | 10 | 1397.16 | ZA | train,dev,test |
| benin | 124 | 4 | 1457.48 | NG | train,test |
| kagoma | 123 | 1 | 1781.04 | NG | train |
| nasarawa eggon | 120 | 1 | 1039.99 | NG | train |
| tiv | 120 | 14 | 1084.52 | NG | train,test,dev |
| south african english | 119 | 2 | 1643.82 | ZA | train,test |
| borana | 112 | 1 | 1090.71 | KE | train |
| swahili ,luganda ,arabic | 109 | 1 | 929.46 | UG | train |
| ogoni | 109 | 4 | 1629.7 | NG | train,test |
| mada | 109 | 2 | 1786.26 | NG | test |
| bette | 106 | 4 | 930.16 | NG | train,test |
| berom | 105 | 4 | 1272.99 | NG | dev,test |
| bini | 104 | 4 | 1499.75 | NG | test |
| ngas | 102 | 3 | 1234.16 | NG | train,test |
| etsako | 101 | 4 | 1074.53 | NG | train,test |
| okrika | 100 | 3 | 1887.47 | NG | train,test |
| venda | 99 | 2 | 938.14 | ZA | train,test |
| siswati | 96 | 5 | 1367.45 | ZA | dev,train,test |
| damara | 92 | 1 | 674.43 | NG | train |
| yoruba, hausa | 89 | 5 | 928.98 | NG | test |
| southern sotho | 89 | 1 | 889.73 | ZA | train |
| kanuri | 86 | 7 | 1936.78 | NG | test,dev |
| itsekiri | 82 | 3 | 778.47 | NG | test,dev |
| ekpeye | 80 | 2 | 922.88 | NG | test |
| mwaghavul | 78 | 2 | 738.02 | NG | test |
| bajju | 72 | 2 | 758.16 | NG | test |
| luo, swahili | 71 | 1 | 616.57 | KE | train |
| dholuo | 70 | 1 | 669.07 | KE | train |
| ekene | 68 | 1 | 839.31 | NG | test |
| jaba | 65 | 2 | 540.66 | NG | test |
| ika | 65 | 4 | 576.56 | NG | test,dev |
| angas | 65 | 1 | 589.99 | NG | test |
| ateso | 63 | 1 | 624.28 | UG | train |
| brass | 62 | 2 | 900.04 | NG | test |
| ikulu | 61 | 1 | 313.2 | NG | test |
| eleme | 60 | 2 | 1207.92 | NG | test |
| chichewa | 60 | 1 | 554.61 | MW | train |
| oklo | 58 | 1 | 871.37 | NG | test |
| meru | 58 | 2 | 865.07 | KE | train,test |
| agatu | 55 | 1 | 369.11 | NG | test |
| okirika | 54 | 1 | 792.65 | NG | test |
| igarra | 54 | 1 | 562.12 | NG | test |
| ijaw(nembe) | 54 | 2 | 537.56 | NG | test |
| khana | 51 | 2 | 497.42 | NG | test |
| ogbia | 51 | 4 | 461.15 | NG | test,dev |
| gbagyi | 51 | 4 | 693.43 | NG | test |
| portuguese | 50 | 1 | 525.02 | ZA | train |
| delta | 49 | 2 | 425.76 | NG | test |
| bassa | 49 | 1 | 646.13 | NG | test |
| etche | 49 | 1 | 637.48 | NG | test |
| kubi | 46 | 1 | 495.21 | NG | test |
| jukun | 44 | 2 | 362.12 | NG | test |
| igbo and yoruba | 43 | 2 | 466.98 | NG | test |
| urobo | 43 | 3 | 573.14 | NG | test |
| kalabari | 42 | 5 | 305.49 | NG | test |
| ibani | 42 | 1 | 322.34 | NG | test |
| obolo | 37 | 1 | 204.79 | NG | test |
| idah | 34 | 1 | 533.5 | NG | test |
| bassa-nge/nupe | 31 | 3 | 267.42 | NG | test,dev |
| yala mbembe | 29 | 1 | 237.27 | NG | test |
| eket | 28 | 1 | 238.85 | NG | test |
| afo | 26 | 1 | 171.15 | NG | test |
| ebiobo | 25 | 1 | 226.27 | NG | test |
| nyandang | 25 | 1 | 230.41 | NG | test |
| ishan | 23 | 1 | 194.12 | NG | test |
| bagi | 20 | 1 | 284.54 | NG | test |
| estako | 20 | 1 | 480.78 | NG | test |
| gerawa | 13 | 1 | 342.15 | NG | test |

#### Initial Data Collection and Normalization

[Needs More Information]

#### Who are the source language producers?

[Needs More Information]

### Annotations

#### Annotation process

[Needs More Information]

#### Who are the annotators?

[Needs More Information]

### Personal and Sensitive Information

The dataset consists of people who have donated their voice online.  You agree to not attempt to determine the identity of speakers in this dataset.

## Considerations for Using the Data

### Social Impact of Dataset

[More Information Needed]

### Discussion of Biases

[More Information Needed] 

### Other Known Limitations

Dataset provided for research purposes only. Please check dataset license for additional information. 

## Additional Information

### Dataset Curators

The dataset was initially prepared by Intron and refined for public release by CLAIR Lab.

### Licensing Information

Public Domain, Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial ShareAlike v4.0 ([CC BY-NC-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/legalcode))

### Citation Information

@article{olatunji2023afrispeech,
title={AfriSpeech-200: Pan-African Accented Speech Dataset for Clinical and General Domain ASR},
author={Olatunji, Tobi and Afonja, Tejumade and Yadavalli, Aditya and Emezue, Chris Chinenye and Singh, Sahib and Dossou, Bonaventure FP and Osuchukwu, Joanne and Osei, Salomey and Tonja, Atnafu Lambebo and Etori, Naome and others},
journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2310.00274},
year={2023}
}

### Contributions

Thanks to [@tobiolatunji](https://github.com/tobiolatunji) for adding this dataset.