These mainly include the following (with maximum elevations given in metres above sea level (NN): The last major changes to the landscape were made during the course of the ice ages by the glacial advances of the Scandinavian ice sheet which gave rise to much of Germany's present-day Northern Lowland.
Need on peamiselt järgmised (maksimaalne kõrgus meetrites üle merepinna: Viimaseid suuri muudatusi maastikus tehti jääaja jooksul Skandinaavia jääkilbi liustike edenedes, mis põhjustas enamuse Saksamaa tänase põhjamadaliku tõusu.