These were the centuries of the breakthrough of the Flemish merchants, with their trade with England, the Baltic area and South-West France, as well as the landroutes to the Rhineland and Italy, though later only the yearly fairs of Champagne.
Need olid Flaami kaupmeeste läbimurdesajandid, koos oma kaubavahetusega Inglismaa, Baltimaade ja Edela-Prantsusmaaga, samuti kaubateedega Reinimaale ja Itaaliasse, kuigi hiljem vaid Champagne'i aastalaadad.