At the turn of the 17th century, a number of Rome educated bishops took over the Church administration at the diocese level, clergy discipline was implemented and rapid intensification of Counter-Reformation activities took place.
17. sajandi vahetusel võttis mitu Roomas hariduse saanud piiskoppi kiriku juhtimise diötseesi tasemel üle, rakendati vaimulikkonna distsipliini ja aset leidis vastureformatsiooni tegevuse kiire intensiivistamine.