As its share of global manufacturing powered from 23% in 1870 to 36% in 1913, the admittedly high tariffs of the time came with a cost, estimated at around 0.5% of GDP in the mid-1870s.
Kuna osakaal ülemaailmsest tootmisest tõusis 1870. aasta 23% pealt 1913. aastaks 36% peale, kaasnes tolleaegsete kõrgete tollimaksudega oma hind: 1870. aastate keskpaigas hinnanguliselt umbes 0,5% sisemajanduse kogutoodangust.