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This winter, embrace the long nights and dark skies by enjoying the celestial views of the night sky while stargazing in the South Sound. Stargazing can be as simple as stretching out on a blanket and enjoying a dazzling display of stars, but many would be surprised to know that our night sky in the winter is very different than the one we stare up at during the summer. As the earth rotates, our skies give us a special glimpse of seasonal stars, astronomical events and constellations that only occur during certain times of the year. Look up and let Washington’s winter night sky leave you completely mesmerized. Where to Go The best way to enjoy the night sky is to get as far away from city lights as possible. Light pollution, or excessive artificial light, washes out the night sky making it difficult to see a sky full of stars even on the clearest of nights. While the Puget Sound is illuminated by major cities like Seattle and Tacoma, many South Sound communities are still able to view the stars even with the light pollution from neighboring areas. If you live in the city, head for the outskirts of town; rural parts of Pierce County like Puyallup, Lakewood and Gig Harbor provide darker skies tucked away from Tacoma’s warm glow. Pick a spot with a wide-open sky like Titlow Beach Park or pay a visit to Starry Hill in Eatonville, where their dark skies put on a fantastic show. Throughout the year, the Tacoma Astronomical Society hosts a number of public viewing nights at Pierce College in Lakewood, showing you exactly where to look and what to look for. What You Can See Throughout the winter, there are a few main celestial wonders to keep an eye out for. Orion, one of the easiest constellations to spot, takes to the skies closely lining up three bright stars in a row. These three stars are known as Orion’s Belt or The Three Sisters, and are only visible in the Northern Hemisphere during the winter months. Orion is visible earlier in the night, rising from the eastern horizon over the Puget Sound. Catch a glimpse of The Seven Sisters, otherwise known as Pleiades, a cluster of stars in the Taurus constellation. Pleiades is one of the closest star clusters to the Earth, making it very easy to spot with the naked eye. This twinkling collection of stars is only visible in the Pacific Northwest from October through April, and can be spotted high in the sky to the right of the Orion constellation. See if you can spy Sirius, the brightest star in Earth’s sky. This striking blue and white colored star sparkles in the crisp winter skies as it makes its way across the horizon. This star shines so brightly because, although it is millions of miles away from the earth, it is two times the size of our sun. Sirius appears over the Puget Sound mid-evening from December through April. Get up early to enjoy the brilliant glow from planets like Venus and Jupiter, who rise above the South Sound just before dawn. In the evenings, keep an eye out for Mars and Saturn. If you take a look at the sky using a telescope or binoculars, you just might be able to see Saturn’s amazing rings glowing faintly in the night. Since the sun sets early in the evening, winter is the perfect time for families to stargaze. With longer and darker nights, this makes it easy for even the youngest astronomers to help spot the dazzling wonders of the night. Bundle up, pack some hot cocoa, and keep watch for shooting stars and the glimmer of the International Space Station passing across the sky. The International Space Station is one of the more engaging things for younger kids to watch for as it moves. You can find out when to see it, down to the minute and location, and how long it will be in the sky above your location here. Mobile apps like Sky View, Star Tracker and SkEye give you the ability to know what’s right above, around, or below you in your currently night sky down to the second. These apps are free, interactive, and can help you find everything from specific stars, comets, and constellations, to deep space galaxies and nebulas. Whether you’re stargazing in your backyard or out in nature, it’s good to be prepared. Stargazing on a clear night usually means freezing temperatures during the winter months. Plan to wear plenty of warm layers from head to toe, wrap yourself up in a blanket or sleeping bag, and pack a thermos of your favorite warm drink. Be sure to be aware of the weather forecast, as conditions like moisture in the air and even different lunar phases of the moon can make it difficult to see the stars clearly. Stargazing during a new moon or after the moon sets, will provide stargazers with a stellar dark view of the heavens. Let Washington’s winter night sky amaze you with its brilliant display of the cosmos, and always remember to keep looking up.

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Sustainable landscaping is an approach to designing and constructing the artificial landscapes that encompass our buildings and improving the natural landscapes which already exist. It is a source of herbs , vegetables , fruits , and flowers , but it is also a structured garden space, a design based on repetitive geometric patterns. Studying panorama and backyard design gives you with a mix of creative skills and practical horticultural methods that underpin backyard design. To create contrast and visual vibrancy, situate curvaceous containers on stairs and fill them with curiously shaped vegetation, like scallop-leafed geraniums or spiky, serrated agave. Some graduates go on to arrange their very own gardening, landscape design or panorama structure enterprise. By way of the method of photosynthesis, vegetation soak up energy from the sun and use it to make carbohydrates from carbon dioxide and water. Necessary issues in the backyard design embody how the backyard … Read the rest

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Leo Nicolaevich Tolstoy (1828-1910) was the next to youngest of five children, descending from one of the oldest and best families in Russia. His youthful surroundings were of the upper class gentry of the last period of serfdom. Though his life spanned the westernization of Russia, his early intellectual and cultural education was the traditional eighteenth century training. Lyovochka (as he was called) was a tender, affection seeking child who liked to do things “out of the ordinary.” Self-consciousness was one of his youthful attributes and this process of self-scrutiny continued all his life. Indeed, Tolstoy’s life is one of the best documented accounts we have of any writer, for the diaries he began at seventeen he continued through old age. In 1844 Leo attended the University of Kazan, then one of the great seats of learning east of Berlin. He early showed a contempt for academic learning but became interested enough at the faculty of Jurisprudence (the easiest course of study) to attend classes with some regularity. Kazan, next to St. Petersburg and Moscow, was a great social center for the upper class. An eligible, titled young bachelor, Tolstoy devoted his energies to engage in the brilliant social life of his set. But his homely peasant face was a constant source of embarrassment and Tolstoy took refuge in queer and original behavior. His contemporaries called him “Lyovochka the bear,” for he was always stiff and awkward. Before his second year examinations, Tolstoy left Kazan to settle at his ancestral estate, Yasnaya Polyana (Bright Meadow) which was his share of the inheritance. Intending to farm and devote himself to improve the lot of his peasants, Tolstoy’s youthful idealism soon vanished as he confronted the insurmountable distrust of the peasantry. He set off for Moscow in 1848 and for two years lived the irregular and dissipated life led by young men of his class. The diaries of this period reveal the critical self-scrutiny with which he regarded all his actions, and he itemized each deviation from his code of perfect behavior. Carnal lust and gambling were those passions most difficult for him to exorcise. As he closely observed the life around him in Moscow, Tolstoy experienced an irresistible urge to write. This time was the birth of the creative artist and the following year saw the publication of his first story, Childhood. Tolstoy began his army career in 1852, joining his brother Nicolai in the Caucasus. Garrisoned among a string of Cossack outposts on the borders of Georgia, Tolstoy participated in occasional expeditions against the fierce Chechenians, the Tartar natives rebelling against Russian rule. He spent the rest of his time gambling, hunting, fornicating. Torn amidst his inner struggle between his bad and good impulses, Tolstoy arrived at a sincere belief in God, though not in the formalized sense of the Eastern Church. The wild primitive environment of the Caucasus satisfied Tolstoy’s intense physical and spiritual needs. Admiring the free, passionate, natural life of the mountain natives, he wished to turn his back forever on sophisticated society with its falseness and superficiality. Soon after receiving his commission, Tolstoy fought among the defenders at Sevastopol against the Turks. In his Sevastopol sketches he describes with objectivity and compassion the matter-of-fact bravery of the Russian officers and soldiers during the siege. By now he was a writer of nationwide reputation and when he resigned from the army and went to Petersburg, Turgenev offered him hospitality. With the leader of the capital’s literary world for sponsor, Tolstoy became an intimate member of the circle of important writers and editors. But he failed to get on with these litterateurs: He had no respect for their ideal of European progress and their intellectual arrogance appalled him. His lifelong antagonism with Turgenev typified this relationship. His travels abroad in 1857 started Tolstoy toward his lifelong revolt against the whole organization of modern civilization. To promote the growth of individual freedom and self-awareness, he started a unique village school at Yasnaya Polyana based on futuristic progressive principles. The peasant children “brought only themselves, their receptive natures, and the certainty that it would be as jolly in school today as yesterday.” But the news of his brother’s illness interrupted his work. Traveling to join Nicolai in France, he first made a tour of inspection throughout the German school system. He was at his brother’s side when Nicolai died at the spa near Marseille, and this death affected him deeply. Only his work saved him from the worse depressions and sense of futility he felt toward life. The fundamental aim of Tolstoy’s nature was a search for truth, for the meaning of life, for the ultimate aims of art, for family happiness, for God. In marriage his soul found a release from this never ending quest, and once approaching his ideal of family happiness, Tolstoy entered upon the greatest creative period of his life. In the first fifteen years of his marriage to Sonya (Sofya Andreyevna Bers) the great inner crisis he later experienced in his “conversion” was procrastinated, lulled by the triumph of spontaneous life over questioning reason. While his nine children grew up, his life was happy, almost idyllic, despite the differences which arose between him and the wife sixteen years his junior. As an inexperienced bride of eighteen, the city bred Sonya had many difficult adjustments to make. She was the mistress of a country estate as well as the helpmate of a man whose previous life she had not shared. Her constant pregnancies and boredom and loneliness marred the great love she and Tolstoy shared. In this exhilarating period of his growing family, Tolstoy created the epic novels, War and Peace and Anna Karenina, while Sonya, rejoicing at his creative genius, faithfully turned his rough drafts into fair copy. Toward the end of 1866, while writing Anna Karenina, Tolstoy entered on the prolonged and fateful crisis which resulted in his conversion. He recorded part of this spiritual struggle in Anna Karenina. The meaning of life consists in living according to one’s “inner goodness,” he concluded. Only through emotional and religious commitment can one discover this natural truth. Uniquely interpreting the Gospels, Tolstoy discovered Christ’s entire message was contained in the idea “that ye resist not evil.” This doctrine of “non-resistance” became the foundation of Tolstoyism where one lived according to nature, renouncing the artificial refinements of society. Self-gratification, Tolstoy believed, perverted man’s inherent goodness. Therefore property rights — ownership by one person of “things that belong to all” — is a chief source of evil. Carnal lust, ornamental clothing, fancy food are other symptoms of the corrupting influence of civilization. In accordance with his beliefs, Tolstoy renounced all copyrights to his works since 1881, divided his property among his family members, dressed in peasant homespun, ate only vegetables, gave up liquor and tobacco, engaged in manual work and even learned to cobble his own boots. Renouncing creative art for its corrupt refinements, Tolstoy wrote polemic tracts and short stories which embodied his new faith. But the incongruity of his ideals and his actual environment grieved Tolstoy. With his family, he lived in affluence. His wife and children (except for Alexandra) disapproved of his philosophy. As they became more estranged and embittered from their differences, Sonya’s increasing hysteria made his latter years a torment for Tolstoy. All three stages of Tolstoy’s life and writings (pre-conversion, conversion, effects of conversion) reflect the single quest of his career: to find the ultimate truth of human existence. After finding this truth, his life was a series of struggles to practice his preachings. He became a public figure both as a sage and an artist during his lifetime and Yasnaya Polyana became a mecca for a never-ceasing stream of pilgrims. The intensity and heroic scale of his life have been preserved for us from the memoirs of friends and family and wisdom seeking visitors. Though Tolstoy expressed his philosophy and theory of history with the same thoroughness and lucidity he devoted to his novels, he is known today chiefly for his important contributions to literature. Although his artistic influence is wide and still pervasive, few writers have achieved the personal stature with which to emulate his epic style.

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HOW CHAMPIONS DO IT Researched, produced, and prepared by Brent S. Rushall, BROOKE BENNETT'S FULL STROKE AT 560 m OF HER 800 m GOLD MEDAL RACE AT THE ATLANTA OLYMPIC GAMES 1996 Each frame is .1 second apart. At this stage of the race, Brooke Bennett is swimming at a consistent 2:07 for 200 m pace, a pace similar to that demonstrated in her other analysis at 215 m. The qualities of Brooke Bennett's stroke at this stage of the race are similar to those described in the 215 m analysis. - Frames #2, #7, and #18 show the conservation of momentum that is possible with this type of stroke. As one arm is nearing completion of propulsion the other commences. This results in an almost constant propulsive force and a reduction in inertial lags that comes from distinct-cycle strokes. This promotes less required force early in the stroke as well as less of a requirement to accelerate markedly during the propulsive phase. These two attributes have direct effects on efficiency and fatigue. On face value, this type of stroke is ideal for distance swimming. - The breathing action causes stroke shortening. When the position of the just-entered arm is compared to the position of the propulsive arm, this effect is noticeable. The relative hand positions in frames #7 and #18 should be compared. In frame #7 the right arm has entered and is holding the water, a state inferred from an absence of bubbles following the hand and forearm. The left arm is extended backward and deep, the left leg is kicking, and the head is down. In frame #18, a phase of the stroke that is as close as possible to that depicted in frame #7, there are some subtle, but important, stroke features. The right arm is not holding the water as effectively, the trailing bubbles on the arm indicating a notable degree of cavitation. The head is higher than in frame #7 which probably contributes to the lower left leg (the knee is deeper) and an overall larger kick. Streamline is less in #18 than #7. The right arm is further along in the stroke relative to the left arm than in frame #7. These factors contribute to a shorter stroke being performed after breathing than after a non-breathing stroke. - The high stroke rating, each arm stroke averaging less than .6 seconds, allows only two kicks to be performed. Those kicks are quite large. The size of the kicks restricts the opportunity for the hips to rotate. In all strokes, shoulder rotation is greater than hip rotation, a feature which does not produce the least frontal resistance. - The extension part of the propulsive phase of both strokes places the hand and forearm under the swimmer's body. This is a feature that was also depicted in Michelle Smith's stroke. - The "elbow-up" position, achieved well in front of the swimmer with both arms, indicates that Brooke Bennett performs a long effective propulsive stroke. The directness of the stroke, its being horizontal and oriented to being under the swimmer, minimizes lateral forces which would only increase active drag. The swimmer swims "over" her arms. - Streamline in a non-breathing stroke (frames #1 to #8) is better and more obvious than in a breathing stroke (frames #11 to #17). The degree of curvature in the back is the primary distinguishing characteristic that illustrates the difference. Return to Table of Contents for this section.

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When kin step in Some moms aren’t good at taking care of their kids, says seven-year-old Charli. She opens her hands, palms upward, and shrugs: “My mom just wasn’t.” Which is why Charli and her sister have lived with their aunt Arleeta and grandmother Ginny since they were one and two. Relatives aren’t always as graceful as Ginny and Arleeta (or more conscientious than foster caregivers) about lifting the burden of shame, guilt and anger from children abandoned by their parents. But a family member with intimate knowledge of the child’s mother or father is in a much better position to paint a calm, realistic, even loving picture of that parent, which can help kids create life stories for themselves that are intact, true and reasonably positive. This is always important. But it's especially crucial in situations where the children will probably never be reunited with their parents. Charli, 7, with her Aunt Arleeta Research over the last 60 years has shown that supportive, lasting personal relationships are essential for healthy human development. Child welfare agencies now prioritize kinship care over non-kinship foster care, especially for abused and neglected children. During the past decade, as states across the nation built more systematic support for kinship care, Washington has become a leader in the kin-care movement (see sidebar at right). Once agency workers determine that a child can't safely remain with his or her parents or current guardians, they have 30 days to locate as many of the child’s relatives as possible. At a collective meeting with those relatives, caseworkers develop a care plan, which includes options for the child’s placement in a home. Any caregiver (either a relative or a stranger) must be able to offer the child safety, permanency and well-being, the three foster care goals specified in the federal Adoption and Safe Families Act (1997). Kinship care nurtures families as well as children, says Meri Waterhouse, program manager for caregiver recruitment, retention and support at DSHS Children’s Administration. Kin-care lets kids maintain connections with their extended family, their community and often their school. Compared to children who are placed with non-kin caregivers, says Waterhouse, most kin-care kids get to stay with their siblings, avoid the disruptions of multiple placements and are reunited with their biological families faster. One other advantage is that children being cared for by relatives can avoid the social stigma of foster care and protect their sense of self-worth in the wider world. “Kids don’t have to say ‘I’m a foster kid,’” says Waterhouse. “Instead, it’s ‘I live with my auntie,’ or ‘I live with my grandparents.’” In other words, “I belong.” The number of Washington children currently living in kin-care settings is large and growing. It is now more than five times the 6,700 children living in non-kin foster settings. But kin-care isn’t always easy on the kin. The blended households of many relative caregivers teeter on the thin edge of security, and the caregivers often struggle in isolation. Most are grandparents, with health problems. Many work at low-wage jobs or live on limited, fixed retirement incomes. Even the most comfortable among them face the complex challenges of raising children who have been traumatized. Last month, in an effort to bolster community support for kinship care and the people who make it possible, the National Kinship Alliance for Children petitioned the White House to establish a national Kinship Care Month. Kin-care has its critics. They argue that sanctioning two kinds of kinship care — formal, where caregivers are licensed by the state, and informal, where they are not — leads to a lack of coordination in services. They worry that, as the advantages of kin-care to children’s well-being grow clearer, and social-services budgets tighten, states may unduly pressure relatives to take kids into their homes as a way to cut public costs. But deeply traumatized kids may actually fare better in formal foster homes with licensed foster parents, because unlicensed caregivers don’t have access to the intensive and free services that are available and sometimes required to treat the psychological wounds of abuse and neglect. And child welfare agencies don’t always make unlicensed relatives fully aware of the fact that they’d be eligible for various kinds of support if they went through the process of qualifying for a license. Critics also point to inequities that bedevil kin-care, some rooted in cultural differences. For example, in many immigrant, African-American and Native-American communities extended-family members routinely raise young relatives when parents can't. These children benefit from being raised by family, but often go without the public assistance available for children who are raised by licensed foster caregivers. As a result, children in these communities are disproportionately underserved. Licensed kin-caregivers in those communities may also feel tradition-based conflicts with the system. For instance, a major child welfare goal is emotional and legal permanence for the child. According to George Gonzalez, knowledge management director at Casey Family Programs, which works to improve foster care, some relative caregivers bristle at the notion of adopting: “Why do I need to adopt my own grandson?” is a common response, says Gonzalez. In all communities, kin-care kids have lower rates of adoption. Grandparents everywhere may resist taking that step out of hope that their adult children will repair their own lives and take the little ones home again. Despite these legitimate concerns, many foster care experts insist that the pluses of kin-care outweigh the minuses. Perhaps the biggest advantage: Kin-care keeps the door open for a parent’s return and the eventual reunification of the family (a big child welfare goal). Kin-care also makes it easier for parents to casually participate in their kids’ lives in ways that non-kin foster placements do not. And blood-ties are powerful, which (theoretically, anyway) can make life with extended family as permanent as life with parents. “I always saw my grandma and my uncle as immediate family,” says George Gonzalez, a former kin-care kid himself. Extended families help parents and foster kids stay in touch while they're apart. Credit: FESS Most important to many informal (or unlicensed) kin-caregivers is their freedom from the state's complex bureaucratic intrusions. As long as the children are safe, no agency caseworker will suddenly appear at their door prepared to take the children away. And growing community-based supports for informal kin-care provided by nonprofits are filling some urgent gaps. “A relative caregiver may need a one-time rent or utility payment to prevent eviction or shutoff,” says Eileen Rasnack, program manager for kinship services at Catholic Community Services, which is one of the agencies that steps up to help. Like CCS, Family Education and Support Services (FESS) provides emergency supplies of clothing and diapers, according to program coordinator Shelly Willis. Since caregivers tend to put children first and neglect their own needs, FESS also sponsors health activities, as well as home visits by nurses for caregivers who suffer from conditions such as high blood pressure or diabetes. Even so, kin-caregivers outside the child welfare system continue to suffer from a lack of sufficient resources, says Laurie Lippold, public policy director at Partners for Our Children and a member of the state’s Kinship Oversight Committee. The support deficit is especially unfortunate, considering the positive difference that kin-care makes in the lives of children. “Available studies show that these kids have stronger mental health, education and other social outcomes,” says Lippold. “They fare much better in kinship care than in foster care.” Children raised by kinfolk would probably agree. James, an eight-year-old living in Rochester, Wash., won an award in this year’s Voices of Children Raised by Grandparents and Other Relatives, an annual essay contest coordinated by FESS. “They gave me a bedroom, they give me Love,” wrote James. “They give me grate clothes, they gave me a house to live in. I Love my grandparents because they gave me a roof over my head and I do not know my mother.” Photo of Charli courtesy of Family Education and Support Services (FESS).

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Canto Point (The name as it would appear in a gazetteer) Canto Point (The name as it would appear on a map) If this information is incorrect, please e-mail firstname.lastname@example.org Feature type: Point (8) This name originates from United States of America. It is part of the United States Gazetteer and the SCAR Composite Gazetteer of Antarctica. Names that other countries have for this feature: Point forming the NW side of the entrance to Discovery Bay, Greenwich Island, in the South Shetland Islands. Surveyed by the Chilean Antarctic Expedition of 1947 which named it for Capitan de Corbeta Raul Del Canto, engineer on the ship Iquique during the expedition. The name Fort William (q.v.) was incorrectly applied to this feature by DI personnel of the Discovery II in 1935. No images of this place could be found.

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Reaching New Heights in Elevator Eco-Efficiency By Hanna Uusitalo, Environmental Director, KONE Building owners and developers are becoming more and more aware of the importance of sustainable building and construction. A little known fact is that 69 percent of anelevator’s carbon dioxide emissions are generated during the elevator’s use while only 21 percent originate from the elevator’s material production. The need to provide safe, environmentally efficient and high performance products and services has been acknowledged in the elevator and escalator industry as a tactic to decrease costs and counter climate change and its negative effects. The question of how to help buildings save energy has been on the agenda for a long time for KONE, an elevator and escalator company. All of the company’s eco-efficient product innovations are based on new ways of using existing technology. At the heart of KONE’s technological breakthroughs lie improvements made in five areas including efficient hoisting, energy regeneration, energy-efficient car lighting, energyefficient standby operation and destination control. By paying special attention to these features, the company has managed to cut the energy consumption of its volume products by over 70 percent as compared to 2008 levels. Equipped with hoisting machinery, which limits energy consumption by reducing the amount of energy lost as heat, the elevators are made 50 to 70 percent more energy-efficient than those that use conventional technologies. A regenerative drive recovers potential energy from the ascending or descending car and can save up to 35 percent of the total energy consumed. Also, KONE’s elevators are equipped with LED lights that use up to 80 percent less energy than conventional solutions. Enhanced standby options reduce energy consumption even further, making it close to nil when the elevator is not in use. Finally, destination control systems optimize traffic, reducing the number and size of elevators required. Eco-efficient technology innovations also play a role when one thinks savings from the equipment lifetime perspective. Elevators and escalators have limited lifespan and reach the ends of their lives after about 25 or 30 years. Modernization is a good way to lengthen the useful life of a solution. It’s important to determine whether the elevator or escalator needs to be replaced entirely or if only a part or a sub-solution can be replaced. "It is possible to achieve energy savings of up to 70 percent with the modernization of an elevator and up to 50 percent with the modernization of an escalator" For example, it is possible to achieve energy savings of up to 70 percent with the modernization of an elevator and up to 50 percent with the modernization of an escalator. For building owners this translates into improved energy efficiency but also reduced operating costs and predictable life-cycle management. At the End of the Equipment’s Lifespan Some of the leading players in the people flow industry also take into consideration what happened at the end of the equipment’s lifespan. For example, KONE has committed to offer solutions that don’t just consume less energy but also use as many recyclable materials and components as possible. For example, one of KONE’s elevator models is composed mainly of metals, specifically steel and cast iron. In terms of material weight, about 97 percent of the entire productis recyclable. Add to this the fact that the equipment does not contain harmful chemicals like asbestos, paints containing lead or cadmium pigments, condensers containing PCBs or PCTs, or chemicals that deplete the ozone layer such as CFCs, or chlorinated solvents. Bright Future Ahead for Green Building At the moment, green and smart buildings are a major construction trend. The future of this development lies in the zero net energy buildings that are already coming onto the scene today, even producing more energy than they consume over the course of a year. They are designed to provide a healthy environment for the people that live in them. Only sustainable materials such as certified wood are used throughout these buildings and in the solutions they use to function. Nearly zero waste is produced, meaning all waste fractions are recycled and waste management processes are planned for the construction site and for the building itself during its life. This includes all waste, down to the packaging for solutions such as elevators and escalators. In short, thesebuildings will reach even higher benchmarks than those that green building certifications such as LEED, Green Mark, Green Star, and BREEAM currently strive for. Five ways to make an elevator more eco-efficient1. A green hoisting system saves 50 to 70 percent more energy than conventional technology. 2. Regenerative drives can achieve energy savings of up to 35 percent. 3. Eco-efficient LED lighting is 80 percent more efficient than halogen lights. 4. Standby solutions conserve energy when the elevator is not in use. 5. Destination control systems optimize traffic flows, reducing the elevator capacity required.

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Tornadoes (from the Latin tornare, “to twist or turn”) are destructive rotary funnel clouds. Born from powerful thunderstorms, they can wipe out a neighborhood in mere seconds. Wind speeds can reach 300 mph, and the path of devastation can be one mile wide and fifty miles long. Tornadoes usually form at the trailing edge of a thunderstorm. Sometimes you can tell when a tornado is approaching. Weather stations announce when a tornado is likely or imminent, giving you time to prepare. Other times they can form so quickly that there is no time to send out a warning. There are also times when the only reason you know a tornado is present is because of the swirling funnel of debris; the rest of the tornado is practically invisible. On This Page: - Tornado Plan - Tornado Disaster Kits - Signs of a Tornado - What to Do If… - After the Tornado Having a Plan in Place Before the Storm Although they are mostly associated with the Midwest and “Tornado Alley”, no state is immune to tornadoes. Even sunny California experienced seven of them in 2014. Therefore, it only makes sense to take some precautions and have procedures in place in the event of a tornado. Preparedness for a tornado begins even before a tornado watch goes into effect. For preparation you need to know: - What to do – If you are at home, close your doors and windows. (The urban myth about opening your doors and windows to “equalize pressure” is just that, a myth.) If you can’t get them all closed, leave them. You and your family are more important. (Closing exterior doors and windows helps keep rain and small debris out. Closing interior doors helps compartmentalize your house and puts more barriers between you and the storm.) - Where to go – Ideally, you want to get to a room without windows and as low as possible. Be aware of what’s overhead and try not to be under heavy furniture on the floor above. They can crash through a weakened floor. The perfect place to go is a storm shelter. - Wherever you go, be sure you have padded items, such as mattresses and heavy blankets nearby. Flying debris can cause severe injury, and these items can shield you from harm. - If you are on the road, don’t stay in your car. Get out and find a low depression on the ground, such as a ditch. Cover your head and lie as flat as possible. Stay there until the storm dies. - If you are in town, don’t take shelter in buildings with wide span roofs. The design of these buildings puts the load of the ceiling on the outer walls, making them prone to collapse. Look for a building with a smaller footprint. Pay attention to places you frequent so that you know ahead of time where the safest places are. - How to meet up afterwards – After a disaster, it’s natural to want to know that everybody’s all right. Part of your procedures should be to designate a meeting place and be sure everyone knows how to get there. It’s a good idea to have one or two alternative meeting places in case the first choice isn’t safe or can’t be reached. Don’t rely on cell phones and other technology to establish contact. Any networks or towers that are still functioning are needed by emergency responders. Discuss your plan with your neighbors and share tips. You may be helping each other out afterwards. As well as the above, a disaster kit is critical. You should have one in your home, in your car, and, when practical, on your person. You will not always be home, you will not always be in your car, but you will always be you. Home Tornado Kit Your tornado kit at home should include the following: - First aid supplies - Food and water (water should be 1 gallon per person per day for three days) - Diapers and baby formula if you have an infant - Pet food and water if you have pets - Important papers - Prescription medicines - Over the counter medicines such as NSAIDs and wound cleaners (hydrogen peroxide, bactine) - Matches and candles (do not use if gas leaks are present) - An emergency radio powered by solar, batteries, or the kind you shake - Battery operated cell phone charger - Spare batteries for the radio, flashlights, and charger - Non-perishable food items - Manual can opener - A tent or tarps for shelter - Rain gear - A generator with fuel - Emergency blankets or sleeping bags - Tools for digging out (saws, shovels, picks, etc.) - Insulated poles for moving electrical wires (Never try to move a downed power line, though! This pole is for moving your household wires out of the way so you can get out.) - Signal flares - Light sticks - Air horns or whistles (useful for signaling to one another) - Good, sturdy work shoes or boots and a heavy “lumberjack” style jacket to protect yourself from sharp debris - Cash and credit cards - Spare keys Larger items like tools can be kept in a footlocker in your shelter. Not only does this mean you won’t have to carry them to your shelter, but it keeps them all in one place. The other items should be kept in easy-to-reach duffel bags or backpacks that weigh no more than 20 or 30 pounds so that any family member can carry them. Keep your disaster kit in an easily accessible area, such as a closet. Make sure they can be grabbed quickly and that everybody knows where all of the kits are. Car Disaster Kit A car disaster kit is considerably smaller than a home kit. Keep your gas tank full and keep the following in your trunk or in a secured, bolt-on toolbox: - Jumper cables - Flashlights with spare batteries - First aid kit - Food items containing protein such as nuts or energy bars, canned fruit, and a manual can opener - Cat litter in case you need better traction - Shovel (many camping stores sell small, collapsible shovels based on military models) - Ice scraper - Cold weather clothes - Emergency blankets or sleeping bags - Pocket knife - Fully charged cell phone - Flares or reflective triangles Useful Items to Have Close Obviously, you can’t carry as much on you as you have in your home or car kit. You can, however, keep a few useful items in your pockets, attached to your keychain, or in your purse or wallet: - Small flashlight - Pocket knife - Glow sticks - Lighter or matches Know the Signs of a Tornado While the radio and TV will let you know if there’s a tornado watch or warning, sometimes you aren’t near one. You may be out for a walk or a jog, or outside taking care of the yard. You could be anyplace where you just don’t have a radio or TV on. By learning the signs of a tornado, you can take proactive steps to get to safety quickly. Watch for the following: - A dark, sometimes greenish sky - Large hail - A large, dark cloud hanging low in the sky, especially if it looks like it’s rotating - A loud roar not unlike a freight train - Any approaching storm - Small flashes from near ground level near a thunderstorm. (These are power lines snapping in the wind.) - Persistent lowering at the cloud base, often with lightning. - Dust or debris whirling around a cloud base. (Not all tornadoes have a visible funnel!) If you see any of these danger signs, get to a radio or TV set quickly and get information and advisories. If you see the clouds rotating, get to shelter. If you have children, educate them on what to look for. Be sure they know what the early signs are. Especially teach them how to find shelter if they are away from home, such as at school or a friend’s house. - Conduct regular practice drills so that everyone in your family knows what to do and where to go as second nature. Having drills is important to your family’s survival, and if the children are repeatedly trained in what to do, they will be less prone to panic in the event of a tornado. The number of very young children who know to dial 911 during home emergencies is proof that early education is very effective. - When conducting drills, if someone seems to have trouble it’s important not to get angry or upset. Make note of what they’re having trouble with, and then try to work with them one on one to find out why. A small child may not be as diligent about keeping their disaster kit easily accessible, or their kit may just be too heavy. Tornado alerts are most often your first indicator that you need to get to safety. They can be heard from many different sources. There are very few reasons not to be aware of an oncoming tornado. The first thing is to know the difference between a tornado “watch” and a tornado “warning”. - A tornado watch means that conditions are right for a tornado to form, but one hasn’t formed yet. When a watch is in effect, that’s a good time to double-check your plan and make sure everybody can get to safety. Keep your eyes and ears open in case it escalates to a warning. - A tornado warning means that a tornado has been sighted or has shown up on radar. This is the time to get everyone to safety and wait for it to be clear. There are many ways to be made aware of tornado alerts, whether a watch or a warning. Remember that none of these will work if you choose to ignore them: - NOAA Radio – The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) broadcasts weather conditions throughout most of the United States via the National Weather Service. Weather radios are tuned to pick up your local frequency and are available wherever radios are sold. - Television – TV stations are notorious for interrupting your favorite shows for all kinds of things. Some are important, some aren’t, but tornado alerts should receive your highest attention. - Applications – Automated phone calls can alert you to potential tornadoes, and your computer can receive an automatic message. If you are connected, you are alerted. - WEA – Wireless Emergency Alert (WEA) is a free service that sends text messages to your phone. - EAS – The Emergency Alert System has proven reliable for years. If you’re watching TV or listening to the radio and the alert suddenly breaks in, listen to it. It may be just a regular monthly test, but it could also be a warning that you need to get to cover immediately. - Sirens – Air raid sirens, or “civil defense sirens”, have been used to alert the general public to danger since World War 2. Loud and almost impossible to miss, sirens may not give you any specific information, but they can warn you to get to a radio or TV to hear what’s going on. What to Do If… There are a number of situations you may find yourself in when a tornado strikes. Here are some of the most common and what procedures you should follow: - House with a basement – Stay away from windows. Flying glass can cause serious injury. Get into the basement and take shelter under something sturdy, such as a workbench. Cover yourself with a mattress or heavy blanket to protect yourself from flying debris. If you have a helmet of some sort, put it on to further protect your head even if it’s just a bicycle helmet; it’s better than nothing. Avoid any spot in the basement where heavy furniture is overhead, as it can fall through a weakened floor. - House without a basement; a dorm or apartment – Stay away from windows. Get to the lowest floor, a small central room (closet, bathroom, etc.), under a stairwell, or into a windowless interior hallway. Crouch as low as possible, covering your head. If you have a central bathroom on the lowest floor, crouch in the bathtub, covering yourself with a thick blanket or a mattress to protect from falling debris. - Office, hospital, or skyscraper – Get to the lowest floor you can, staying away from windows. Interior stairwells are a good choice and, if they’re not crowded, can help you quickly get to a lower floor. Avoid elevators. If the power goes out you could be trapped inside. - Mobile home – No mobile home is safe. Get out and head to the nearest permanent building or shelter. (This should be part of your disaster plan.) Even if your mobile home is tied down, it won’t withstand the force of a tornado determined to take it out. - School – Do everything you learned during the drills. Get to an interior hallway or a room with no windows. Avoid large rooms such as the gym or auditorium. Move in an orderly manner. Crouch low and protect your head. - Store or shopping mall – Be mindful of other people and don’t try to crowd anywhere. Move in an orderly fashion towards interior bathrooms, store-rooms, or other interior spaces with no windows. - Church or theater – Move in an orderly fashion to interior bathrooms or hallways. Stay away from windows. If moving to an interior room is not possible, take shelter under the seats or pews. Protect your head. - Motor vehicle – During a tornado, remaining inside a vehicle is dangerous, but you may have no choice. If you find yourself suddenly caught in high winds with debris flying around, get safely off the road. Leave your seatbelt on but crouch as low as you can, getting below the level of the windows. Cover yourself with a coat or blanket (or even a seat cushion) and protect your head. If you’re near an area where you can quickly get below the level of the roadway, leave your car and get into the lower area, lying as flat as you can and covering your head. If you are driving and see the tornado but haven’t been caught by it, drive away from it at right angles. This should take you out of its path. - Outdoors – Get into a sturdy building if at all possible, getting into an interior room. If you have no building, lay as flat against the ground as you can, seeking a ditch or depression if possible. Protect your head. Stay away from cars, trees, or anything else that can get blown on top of you. Tornadoes move at an average speed of 30 mph, but can range from standing still to 70 mph, so don’t count on out-running it! - On the water – If you are on a lake and you become aware of an impending tornado, get off the water as fast as possible and seek shelter in a sturdy building. Tornadoes can actually pick up strength when crossing bodies of water. Tornado Safety Procedures and Apartments If you live in a high-rise apartment, you want to get to the lowest floor possible. Take shelter any place that has no windows, such as an interior hallway or bathroom, or a closet. If there are interior stairwells, those can offer a good deal of protection. Crouch low and protect your head. Use a helmet if you can, even a bicycle helmet. Check with your leasing manager or superintendent about where any storm shelters may be on the property. After the Tornado After the tornado has passed, you will probably want to come out and see who needs help and the general condition of your neighborhood. The rule here is to think before you act. Don’t just burst out of your shelter and start looking around. These tips will help you stay safe after the big danger has passed: - Stay put until the storm has passed. You may be worried about how your house fared, but it can wait. Tornadoes can suddenly change direction, and head right back at you. Stay calm and remain in your shelter until you hear the “all-clear” signal. - Be aware of the weather. Just because the tornado has passed doesn’t mean the weather is now fine. Floods, hail, and lightning can come in on the heels of a tornado. Never try to wade in the water during a flood, even if the current looks calm on the surface. It can be quite turbulent just beneath the surface. Debris can suddenly take your legs out from under you and the water is most likely carrying sewage and disease. - Use your flashlights instead of candles. You may not notice a gas leak at first. Use flashlights until you know for sure you’re safe. Then you can use the candles to conserve battery power. - See if anyone is injured. Begin first aid immediately. Get help if at all possible. - Get someplace safe. Your home or shelter may no longer be safe. For example, even if your home survived, if it’s near a rising river get out. Head to one of your alternative safe places or to a FEMA or Red Cross camp, bringing your kits with you. - Stay away from hazards. Downed power lines and anything they’re in contact with should be avoided. If one end is in the water, stay away from that water entirely or risk electrocution. Also stay away from debris, fallen trees, water courses (they could surge), anything that could collapse, and other dangers. Tornadoes are among the most frightening disasters a person could go through. By following these rules and tips and taking precautions, you can dramatically increase your chances for survival. No Comments Yet You can be the first to comment!

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CC-MAIN-2019-26

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Video by Linda Paganelli for Palestine Monitor. Traditionally worn by Palestinian farmers, the Kufiyeh became a symbol of Palestinian nationalism and revolution against the British Mandate during the 1930s. Its notoriety increased during the 60s with the Palestinian resistance movement and Yasser Arafat’s vesture as a symbol of identity and national struggle. Hirbawi Textile is a decades old small manufactory based in Hebron (Al-Khalil) run by the Hirbawi family. The Palestine Monitor met with the factory’s manager, Abdil Azim, who explained how the business drastically changed for the worse from its opening in the year of 1961 up until now. After three decades of flourishing business, the end of the first intifada coupled with the signing of the Oslo Accords in 1993 unfortunately contributed negatively to the factory sales. At its height, the Hirbawi factory used to make 150,000 kufiyehs annually. Due to the Israeli occupation and checkpoints and other obstacles that hinder trade movement, Abdil Azim resignedly admits that it is impossible to export the kufiyeh to other countries. Today the Hirbawi factory struggles to survive due to trade competitors like China and neighboring Arab countries, which started to produce the kufiyyeh in large quantities and sell them at a fraction of the price. “Promoting the local production in Palestine is also a way to resist the Israeli occupation,” Abdil Azim said. The Hirbawi family have ventured to export the kufiyeh by selling the traditional Arab fabric with strong political patterns online to Europe and US.

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Have you ever thought of murdering your sibling after an argument? Or does that seem a bit too extreme? Perhaps too understandable? Sisters! There is no greater bond like that of sisters, and even more so if they are twin sisters. Twins are fascinating, and the Gibbons twins, Jennifer and June, were no exception. The Gibbons twins’ closeness and companionship was startling to say the least, but their gift of having each other eventually turned into a curse. Jennifer and June Gibbons were born on April 11, 1963, in Barbados, to Gloria and Aubrey Gibbons, and they grew up in Havenfordwest, Wales.1 Like most twins, the girls shared a tight bond; but their bond was even stronger than most. They only spoke to each other, using the few words that they knew. This characteristic of their relationship is what gave them the label Silent Twins. In their small town, they were the only black children in their school, which consequently led to their being bullied because of their race. These experiences only intensified their avoidance of communicating with anyone outside of their unique duo, which, according to the New Yorker journalist Hilton Als, “led to their emotional exile, their institutionalization, and…to the misguided appropriation of their story by activists and theorists who used it to pose questions about the nature of identity and the strange birthright that twins are forced to bear.”2 Soon after suffering from the bullying, the twins cut themselves off from others even further. They only spoke to each other in a unique language only they understood, and they began to refuse to do any school work or show any signs of productivity. The family then chose to move to Wales, and when the girls were enrolled in a school near the Haverfordwest community, which was known for intense racism, the bullying grew severe.3 From taunting them to pulling their hair, their schoolmates terrorized the girls constantly. Consequently, the sisters’ behavior grew to be even more odd, from synchronized walking to mirroring one another’s actions, as if they were the same person.4 Thereafter, a school nurse became intrigued with the sisters. School physician John Reed came to vaccinate the students, and upon giving June and Jennifer their shots, he noted that the girls did not even flinch. They just stood there lifeless. The nurse then reported this to the school. The school had been familiar with the strange behavior the girls were constantly exhibiting. Therefore, the sisters were sent to Haverfordwest Withybush Hospital in February 1977 for examination.5 Upon arriving at the hospital, the girls continued to not speak to anyone but to each other. The girls were then transferred to East Gate Special Education Center, which served as a boarding school. While at the center, Jennifer and June continued to isolate themselves. Consequently, they were separated in hopes of having the girls become independent from each other. Jennifer remained at East Gate, while June was sent thirty miles away to St. David’s Adolescent Unit. This had disastrous effects on the girls to the point of them becoming catatonic, where they would not eat or sleep until they were reunited. When the girls turned sixteen, they were sent back home, where they spent several years refraining from interacting with anyone other than eachother. They used writing as a form of entertainment and found great passion in it. Eventually, the girls would enroll in a writing program as one person, hoping to become famous novelists. Their novels were never recognized, which fairly disappointed the girls. Upon turning eighteen, the sisters finally left their rooms and began a downward spiral from doing drugs to committing crimes and abusing one another. They were arrested after breaking a window and lighting a fire at a community college. Consequently, they were sent to Puckle Church Remand Center, where they stayed for seven months. While there, the girls wrote diaries about how much they hated each other and were scared of each other. In their diaries, they wrote about how lonely they were, but once reunited, they reverted to hating each other once again. They were diagnosed with psychopathic personality disorder, and were sent to Broadmoor Mental Hospital, where they were seen as very disturbed and violent. Eventually, after eleven years at Broadmoor, they were transferred to Caswell Clinic, another mental hospital. At that time, the journalist Marjorie Wallace had become interested in the girls and began studying them. Jennifer had admitted to Wallace that she had to die in order for June to survive and thrive. The girls mentioned to Wallace that the day of their transfer would be the day Jennifer would have to die.6 They believed that they could not both function properly at the same time, while both of them were still living. This was the underlying cause for their strange behavior. In March 1993, at thirty-one years old, the girls were transferred to Caswell, but upon arrival, Jennifer was unresponsive. Jennifer was rushed to the hospital where she was pronounced dead, with the cause of death being a sudden inflammation of the heart. Jennifer died on the exact day the sisters had predicted, from bizarrely natural causes. June stated that when Jennifer was dying, her last words were “At last we’re out.”7 After Jennifer’s death, June left Caswell a year later and her life completely changed. She began speaking more and improving her social skills. It was as if their belief that only one could thrive was proven to be true. June then requested to be called by her middle name, Alison, to help with the reinvention of her whole identity. It would take June five years to accept Jennifer’s death, refrain from feeling guilty, and fully move on with her life, according to Marjorie Wallace.8 - Marjorie Wallace, The Silent Twins (United Kingdom: Vintage Publishing, 1996), 3-4. ↵ - Hilton Als, “We Two Made One,” New Yorker, December 2000. Accessed January 27,2018. https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2000/12/04/we-two-made-one. ↵ - Hilton Als, “We Two Made One,” New Yorker, December 2000. Accessed January 27,2018. ↵ - Polly Teale, Speechless (London: Nick Hern Books, 2011), 14. ↵ - Hilton Als, “We Two Made One,” New Yorker, December 2000. Accessed January 27,2018. https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2000/12/04/we-two-made-one ↵ - Marjorie Wallace, The Silent Twins (United Kingdom: Vintage Publishing, 1996), 270. ↵ - April de Angelis, “June Gibbons couldn’t mourn the death of her ‘silent twin’ Jennifer,” Guardian Newspaper, May 29, 1994. Accessed January 27, 2018. https://www.theguardian.com/books/2007/jun/28/fiction.classicalmusicandopera ↵ - Marjorie Wallace, The Silent Twins (United Kingdom: Vintage Publishing, 1996), 273. ↵

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CC-MAIN-2019-26

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Hernia surgery dog is a surgical treatment that is used to repair various hernias that occur in dogs as the basis for writing this article Hernia Surgery Dog Hernia repair in dogs is a surgical treatment used to repair various hernias that occur in dogs. The purpose of repairing this hernia is to repair the bulge coming out of the abdominal wall and the bulge is pushed back into place and fixes defects between the stomach and other body cavities. Hernia repair is a common procedure in dogs. Hernia repair in general such as perineal hernia can be done by your main veterinarian. Hernia repair for more complex cases may be referred to a professional veterinary surgeon. Hernia Repair Procedures in dogs only involve physical examination (for perineal hernia) or combination of physical examination and diagnostic imaging (for internal hernia). Once the hernia has been determined then the next scheduled surgery for your dog. Before surgery, it is important for your dog to remove food for 12 hours. This is done to reduce the possibility of nausea associated with the action. Some perineal hernias may not require stomach exploration, but some herniate repair involves much more abdominal and thoracic space such as peritoneopericardial diaphragm hernia. General hernia repair steps, including: - Pre-anesthesia / anesthesia is applied - Animal position for surgery (behind for stomach / thoracic hernia, on abdomen for perineal hernia) - Prepare the incision area (shave, clean) - Move to the operating room (if preparation is done in other areas) - Drain for surgery and sterilization of the skin - Incisions made along areas suitable for hernia type (along the mid-line of the abdomen or off mid-line by the rectum) - The hernia is visualized and the necrotic tissue is removed - Defects in the repaired muscle lining (mesh shown for large defects) - Abdomen check for bleeding - The incision is closed After surgery, your dog will be given pain medication for postoperative pain. You need to keep in order not to survive, leave, and play roughly for 10 days until the skin incision is healed. This is done to reduce the risk of dehiscence (separate stitches). Your dog will also be given Elizabeth’s collar to further chew on the incision. After surgery, you need to insert your dog’s value for signs of infection such as swelling, heat and release. Wanting, after removal of the seam, no need to follow up to your vet for this procedure. Hernia repair surgery can be expensive and the price depends on the location of the hernia and the cost of living in your area. Hernia repair costs range from $ 700 (for a simpler hernia) to $ 2,500 (a more complex case) at an average cost of $ 1,600. These costs include diagnosis, surgery and aftercare. Treatment of the hernia is generally effective and the effect is permanent, especially if the recovery is smooth. Alternative treatment of hernia is generally not recommended because the risk of trapped tissue is strangled (blood supply is disconnected) and dying. Once this happens, there is a high risk of infection that can cause sepsis. The most common risk of hernia surgery is bleeding, dehiscence, and infection. Keeping your dog fixed after surgery and monitoring incisions for signs of infection will help prevent these side called effects from happening. Hernia surgery is life saving and its benefits are long lasting. The potentials for another hernia in the same location is a low post-op. In general, prevention of hernia is difficult. Many hernias are caused by traumatic events or congenital anomalies. Choosing not to breed dogs with a congenital hernia can help save puppies in the future born with a hernia, but not a guarantee. The perineal hernia is most commonly seen in intact dogs and may be associated with tension to exhaust large air due to prostate enlargement or prostatitis. The best way to remove this type of hernia is your castrated dog if you develop an enlarged prostate or, ideally, as a puppy. Read me: Hernia Surgery Dog As reference Hernia Surgery Dog please read on Wikipedia

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Nearly one in 10 cancer survivors reports smoking years after their diagnosis, according to a new study from the American Cancer Society. Researchers analyzed data from 2,938 patients nine years after their diagnosis, and 9.3 percent were current smokers (within the pat 30 days). Of those patients, 83 percent smoked every day, averaging 14.7 cigarettes per day. The study, published in the journal Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention, included patients with the 10 most common types of cancer: breast, prostate, bladder, uterine, melanoma, colorectal, kidney, Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma, ovarian, and lung. The highest rates of smoking appeared in patients who were diagnosed with bladder (17.2 percent) and lung (14.9 percent) cancer, which are both smoking-related cancers. Cigarette smoking is known to decrease the effectiveness of cancer treatments, increase the probability of recurrence, and reduce survival time. “We need to follow up with cancer survivors long after their diagnoses to see whether they are still smoking and offer appropriate counseling, interventions, and possible medications to help them quit,” Lee Westmaas, director of tobacco research at the American Cancer Society (ACS) and lead author of the study, said in a statement. Of the patients who reported smoking, 46.6 percent said they planned to quit, but 10.1 percent said they did not plan to quit, and 43.3 percent were unsure. In addition, 88.6 percent of the current smokers had quit before their diagnosis. Researchers also looked at a variety of sociodemographic factors among the patients. Survivors were more likely to smoke if they were younger, female, had lower education, lower income or drank more alcohol. Those who smoked more, were older or were married were less likely to want to quit. The study suggests the lack of intent to quit in older patients could suggest they don’t believe the difficulties of quitting will be worth the gains in quality of life or life expectancy. Future studies should examine the importance of psychosocial variables and their relationships to current smoking or motivation to quit, the authors wrote in the study. “Those who smoke heavily long after their diagnosis may require more intense treatment addressing specific psychosocial characteristics such as perceptions of risk, beliefs of fatalism, etc. that may influence motivation to quit.”

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When one thinks of sled dogs, Huskies immediately come to mind. In Alaska, there are hundreds of dogs dressed with booties to keep their paws protected from the snow and ice during winter training in hopes of participating in the Iditarod, the ultimate endurance race. The Iditarod Race takes place in late February or early March depending on trail conditions. The actual training is a year-long career for the Musher and the dogs. The racing team usually resides outside with small dog houses for each dog. The canine participants are fed a hearty diet formulated to promote strength and agility. Huskies as Household Members Huskies were originally bred as working dogs in northeast Asia. Known for their friendly and loyal nature, they can reside indoors happily. They enjoy family life and get on well with other dogs. Properly trained, a Husky can be a great companion for both kids and adults. Exercise is mandatory for a Husky. After exertion, a well-exercised Husky would be content hanging out on the couch for a cuddle or playing a sweet game on the carpet. Although indifferent as watchdogs, they can’t resist chasing small animals. Huskies are naturally clean, with little if any doggy odor! Please note that Huskies are very vocal and often sound like they are actually talking to their pet parents. The breed is easily recognizable by its thickly furred double-coat, erect triangular ears, and distinctive facial markings. A Husky may live 12 to 15 years with an average height of 20 inches. They can weigh anywhere between 35 to 60 lbs. depending on the dogs’ gender. A Husky’s coloring ranges from all white to a mixture of black and tan or white. Other colors could be sable, silver, brown, red, grey or copper with unique markings around the eyes. A Husky’s almond-shaped eyes can be either brown or blue and often can be a combination of one blue and one brown that create a mischievous expression. Huskies are known for their powerful but seemingly effortless gait which makes them great sled dogs. - Caring for a Husky is a high maintenance job that will involve patient behavioral training. - These dogs ‘blow out’ their entire undercoat twice a year. - Properly grooming your Husky should be a 30-minute daily routine. - These dogs do not do well in the heat and should not be exercised in temperatures above 68 degrees. - If one lives in a climate of 80 degrees or higher a Husky is not recommended. - This breed is an expert escape artist and high jumper. Letting your Husky off leash is not a good idea unless in a well confined high fenced-in area. - Training can be tricky since Huskies can sometimes exhibit stubborn and independent behaviors. - A pet parent must be an authoritative pack leader offering consistent keywords when training. - Specific health issues to be aware of are hip dysplasia, progressive renal atrophy and eye problems such as cataracts and corneal dystrophy. The indigenous Chukchi (pronounced CHookCHe) people of Siberia were the first to develop what we now know as Huskies. These even-tempered dogs were not merely pets or working dogs. The Chukchi people relied on the Huskies for survival. The dogs were taught to herd reindeer, pull sleds and work long hours in the cold. Before the 19th century, the Chukchi people were the only breeders of these sled dogs. Then Americans in Alaska began to import Huskies for sledding competitions. Their claim to fame spread rapidly when a team of Huskies helped transport a lifesaving antitoxin to Nome, AK during a diphtheria epidemic. Read more about that extraordinary story here. Huskies are very friendly and athletic dogs. As previously stated, it’s of utmost importance that they exercise daily. T Although Huskies can be loyal and devoted to their owners, their independent nature keeps them from being lovable, obedient lap-dogs. They’re notorious for being stubborn, and often they’d much rather do things their way than obediently abide by house rules.

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- More than 7,500 issues - Coverage from 1865 to the present The Nation is an important clearinghouse of primary source material in America and around the world. The archive includes perspectives on news, politics, and culture from writers, artists, novelists, and playwrights. The Nation Archive is a fully searchable electronic version of the magazine's complete backfile, offering a 150-year archive of reporting opinion and criticism.

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Voice is often associated with literary writing, but it plays a huge part in successful commercial and genre fiction as well. How we gain insight through voice alone can be especially enriching to more plot-driven work. 1. Voice communicates character Think about how in a movie, actors and actresses convey character beyond the script. They use facial expressions, intonation, pauses, gestures, movement – not just their lines, but the way they speak their lines. Similarly, voice in a novel can give us words and texture, personality and state of mind. It can carry the weight of our characters’ histories and project their conflicted feelings: the vulnerability in arrogance, the toughness in pain. Voice gives us the opportunity to telegraph depth and complexity without losing pace. 2. Voice acts as a hook You may otherwise have a very worthy novel, but if you don’t have voice, you may have trouble getting an agent past your first page. In contrast, a strong voice can act as a powerful hook all by itself. When we refer to a “hook,” we’re talking about what gets the readers’ attention in the opening of a story and makes them want to keep reading. To accomplish this, the voice should start right away – a well-voiced first sentence can be an especially strong way to open – and it should be distinctive, as well as hint at complication. Trouble should already be brewing. Main characters should be the product of their past, but you want to resist over-explaining it on the first page. Try instead to be intriguing, with secrets, mystery, irony or threat, or just the sense that there’s a lot to be resolved. 3. Voice sets up story Voice is not just a character, but a character in a specific moment of his or her life. Voice can convey rueful experience, loss, doubt, bitterness, pushback, broken courage – the kind of inner conflict that sets up a story. Consider the brilliant first sentence of Shirley Jackson’s young adult mystery novel: We Have Always Lived in the Castle: “My name is Mary Katherine Blackwood. I am eighteen years old, and I live with my sister Constance. I have often thought that with any luck at all, I could have been born a werewolf, because the two middle fingers on both my hands are the same length, but I have had to be content with what I had. I dislike washing myself, and dogs, and noise. I like my sister Constance, and Richard Plantagenet, and Amanita phalloides, the death-cup mushroom. Everyone else in our family is dead.” In that brief paragraph, we get a flash of personality, looks, history, but even more: we get issues. A wish for dark power in someone pretty powerless, and a possibly unhealthy fascination with death. 4. Voice can expose low-insight characters The concept of “insight” comes from psychiatry. It refers to how aware a patient is of his or her mental state. Both of the main characters in Gone Girl by Gillian Flynn have very little of this kind of insight. They each feel justified and right, and are pretty much blind to anything else. It’s up to the readers to perceive how messed up they are. The main way we do that is by hearing more in their voices than they think they’re telling us and seeing more in their actions than they think they’re revealing. Take this example with the character Amy (p 221): “I grew up feeling special, proud. I was the girl who battled oblivion and won. The chances were about 1 percent, but I did it. I ruined my mother’s womb in the process – my own prenatal Sherman’s March. Marybeth would never have another baby. As a child, I got a vibrant pleasure out of this: just me, just me, only me.” Talk about revealing. Voice becomes a vehicle for taking us deeper and increasing complexity, even when characters don’t want to let us inside.

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The Department of Agriculture has issued a RED warning for fires this week due to current dry conditions and forecast high temperatures. Temperatures are due to remain in the mid-20s for much of this week and the fire warning is to remain in place until 12 pm on Friday 29th June. Arising from the current prolonged high-pressure weather patterns, high temperatures and effective drought conditions, an extreme fire risk is deemed to exist in all areas where hazardous fuels exist. This meteorological risk is further compounded by high levels of public activity and related ignitions risks associated with the fine weather. The Department advise at this point that all outdoor use of fires, barbeques and other open ignition sources be avoided on forest lands and in other high-risk areas until further notice. Extreme caution is also advised with respect to haymaking and the use of machinery and other agricultural activity that may also present a risk of fire in dry vegetation on cultivated land types in current conditions Dublin Fire Brigade have also asked people not to light barbecues outside of designated areas and to always take care when disposing of cigarettes. Coillte staff have been fighting a forest fire at Barnaslingan Wood for the past nine days, along with Dublin Fire Brigade. Teams are working around the clock to keep the fire contained, but rain is needed to dampen the fire and cool off the embers in the ground. Forest fires pose a serious health and safety risk to the public and to people working in the forest sector. They are very difficult to control and put firefighters and forest personnel at great risk in their efforts to extinguish them. They cause widespread ecological and environmental damage to wildlife and to habitats that can take years to recover from, especially at this time of the year when many birds and other animals are raising their young. They also cost significant amounts of money to Coillte and private forest owners; in the costs of operations to control the blaze, in the loss of the value of the standing timber and the additional costs in managing and replanting the burnt areas. With the RED weather warning in place, it is very likely that there will be more forest fires and Coillte asks people to remain vigilant and report any fires they see to the local fire brigade. Coillte recommend the following steps to prevent forest fires at this time - Do not light fires and be careful of all activity involving fires - Report any suspicious activity you may observe - Report any forest fires you see to the local fire brigade - Do not approach forest fires under any circumstance, they are extremely dangerous - Keep access points and forest entrances clear for emergency services

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Consideration in contract law is simply the exchange of one thing of value for another. Without consideration, a contract cannot be enforced or is otherwise voidable. At least three types of Considerations found in Business Law: Past consideration: When something is done or suffered before the date of the agreement, at the desire of the promisor, it is called ‘past consideration’. It must be noted that past consideration is good considering only if it is given by the promisee, at the desire of the promisor. Under English law, past consideration is no consideration. In India sec 25(2) adequately covers a past voluntary service. (a) A teaches the son of B at B’s request in the month of January, and in February B promises to pay A a sum of Rs. 200 for his services. The services of A will be past consideration. (b) A lawyer gave tip his practice and served as manager of a landlord at the latter’s request in lieu of which the landlord subsequently promised a pension. It was held that there was good past consideration. Present consideration: Consideration which moves simultaneously with the promise is called ‘present consideration’ or ‘executed consideration’. For example, A sells and delivers a book to B, upon B’s promise to pay for it at a future date. The consideration waiting from A is present or executed consideration since A has done his act of delivering the book simultaneously. With the promise of B. It should, however, be noted that it is said to be, ‘Present consideration’ when at the time of the agreement it is executed on one side and executory on the other. If both parties have done their part under the contract, e.g., where A sells a book to B and B pays its price immediately, it is a case of executed contract (where nothing remains to be done) and not of executed or present consideration. Future consideration: When the consideration on both sides is to move at a future date, it is called ‘future consideration’ or ‘Executory consideration’. It consists of an exchange of promises and each promise is a consideration for the other. For example, X promises to sell and deliver 10 bags of wheat to Y for Rs 6,500 after a week, upon Y’s promise to pay the agreed price at the time of delivery. The promise of X is supported by a promise of Y and the consideration is Executory on both sides. It is to be observed that in an ‘executed consideration’, the liability is outstanding against only one side whereas in an ‘Executory consideration’ it is outstanding on both ends.

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Steve Hurley made the following video this past fall. Watch the video and then read Steve’s own words explaining what he observed below. Both videos are shown – above shows some post-processing color changes, below shows the original. By: Steve Hurley Supermoons and King Tides made the news in Massachusetts in Mid-November of 2016 as the combination of the closest approach of the moon since 1948 and the annual spring tides (also known as King Tides) brought unusually high tides to the Massachusetts coastline. While doing my regular checks on the PIT antenna stations in the lower section of Red Brook on The Trustees of Reservations Theodore Lyman Reserve, I just happened to be there near the peak of a King Tide just after a supermoon. Predicted high tide was a 5.3 foot elevation at 8:30 am (highest tide of the year) at Onset and I was checking antenna 1 around 8:58 am. Trout had been spawning in the area for a couple of weeks and the water levels I observed were at least 2 feet higher than the normal water level. I encountered a group of cadets from the Massachusetts Maritime Academy environmental monitoring class doing some water quality measurements and decided to show them the brook trout spawning areas to avoid. I was surprised to see the fish still hanging out near the redds. The class measured salinity levels near my Antenna 2 and measured 25 ppt at the bottom (full strength sea water is about 35 ppt) and 0.2 ppt at the surface. After downloading the PIT reader, I decided to try to film some underwater GoPro footage. This requires a long stick and careful placement to avoid spooking the trout. The footage shows the clear evidence of seawater (swirling patterns as it mixes with freshwater) but the brook trout continued to show site fidelity to the redds. A female trout will develop a redd, digging in the gravel, and hover nearby for extended periods of time while a male or males hover nearby ready for the critical moment when the female trout decides to deposit her eggs. Notice in the images below how clear the picture on the left is. This was captured mere seconds before the image on the right. The distortions on the right are caused when high concentration salt water mixes with low concentration fresh water. Chemists jokingly refer to this phenomenon as “whirly gigs,” and it occurs any time a concentrated solution mixes with an unconcentrated one due to the way dissolved chemicals, in this case salt, affect the waves of light as they pass through the water column. Theodore Lyman noted spawning in tidal areas in his journal from November 6, 1873, “Mr. Lyman was down for the second time……Trout were seen spawning not only under the bridge but 1/3 down on the meadow where the tide makes.” The areas where the trout were filmed recently have been noted as heavy spawning areas since the removal of an old concrete flume in 2010, but this was the first time spawning behavior was clearly observed in a very saline environment. After the tide went out, trout were again observed in a more normal 4 to 12 inches of water. Since the eggs are buried in sand and gravel in areas with upwelling groundwater, the eggs that were in the redds should be able to survive this temporary exposure to sea water (a salt bath is sometimes used in fish hatcheries to treat disease and fungus). See anything peculiar here? As females hover near/over their redds, males jockey to be the lucky guy. In the image to the left, the larger, more dominant male bites the tail of a smaller male who’s trying to get in on the action. The circle highlights the redd, the fresh gravel dug up appears as a lighter color than the undisturbed gravel. In a matter of weeks, algae will begin growing on the newly exposed rock, darkening the redds to match the rest of the stream bed until the redd is totally camouflaged. It is important that as scientists and anglers alike, we remain wary of this fact, and from November through February, watch where we step within the stream. One wrong step could kill a lot of trout.

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Publicity is the deliberate attempt to manage the public’s perception of a product or organization. The product could include anything from traditional goods and services, to celebrities, or works of entertainment. From a marketing perspective, publicity is one of the variables that comprise the promotional mix. The other components of promotions are advertising, sales promotion, and personal selling. promotion is one of the variables that comprise the marketing mix. Publicity is a tool of public relations. Whereas public relations is the management of all communication between the firm and selected target audiences, publicity is the management of product or brand related communications between the firm and the general public. It is primarily an informative activity (as opposed to a persuasive one), but its ultimate goal is to promote the organization’s products, services, or brands. A publicity plan is a planned program aimed at obtaining favorable media coverage for an organization’s products – or for the organization itself, to enhance its reputation and relationships with stakeholders. A basic tool of the publicist is the press release, but other techniques include telephone press conferences, in-studio media tours, multi-component video news releases (VNR’s), newswire stories, and internet releases. For these releases to be used by the media, they must be of interest to the public ( or at least to the market segment that the media outlet is targeted to). The releases are often customized to match the media vehicle that they are being sent to. Getting noticed by the press is all about saying the right thing at the right time. A publicist is continuously asking what about you or your company will pique the reader’s curiosity and make a good story? The most successful publicity releases are related to topics of current interest. These are referred to as news pegs. An example is if three people die of water poisoning, an alert publicist would release stories about the technology embodied in a water purification product. But the publicist cannot wait around for the news to present opportunities. They must also try to create their own news. Examples of this include: - Art exhibitions - Event sponsorship - Arrange a speech or talk - Make an analysis or prediction - Conduct a poll or survey - Issue a report - Take a stand on a controversial subject - Arrange for a testimonial - Announce an appointment - Celebrate an anniversary - Invent then present an award - Stage a debate - Organize a tour of your business or projects - Issue a commendation The advantages of publicity are low cost, and credibility (particularly if the publicity is aired in between news stories like on evening TV news casts). New technologies such as weblogs, web cameras, web affiliates, and convergence (phone-camera posting of pictures and videos to websites) are changing the cost-structure. The disadvantages are lack of control over how your releases will be used, and frustration over the low percentage of releases that are taken up by the media. Publicity draws on several key themes including birth, love, and death. These are of particular interest because they are themes in human lives which feature heavily throughout life. In television serials several couples have emerged during crucial ratings and important publicity times, as a way to make constant headlines. Also known as a publicity stunt, the pairings may or may not be truthful. A publicist is a person whose job is to generate and manage publicity for a product, public figure, especially a celebrity, or for a work such as a book or movie. Publicists usually work at large companies handling multiple clients. Effectiveness of Publicity The theory any press is good press has been coined to describe situations where bad behaviour by people involved with an organisation or brand has actually resulted in positive results, due to the fame and press coverage accrued by such events. A good example would be Paris Hilton’s many antics, from lurid sex tapes to clumsy behaviour on TV shows actually increasing business at the family’s chain of Hilton Hotels. Another example would be the Australian Tourism Board’s “So where the Bloody Hell are you?” Advertising Campaign that was initially banned in the UK, but the amount of publicity this generated resulted in the official website for the campaign being swamped with requests to see the banned ad. Definition: Publicity is the means of using an external entity ( celebrities, people from the media, etc) to increase the awareness levels of the product, company, goods etc amongst the public and/or buying segment. - Publicity Resources - MMA Publicity Resources – Australian focus

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Bacchus was born of Jupiter and Semele, the daughter of Kadmos, who was deified only after her death by fire on Olympus. Bacchus was brought up through childhood by a wet nurse Ino (Leukothea); and as a youth was entrusted to the satyr Silenus. He is depicted as a youthful figure wearing ivy or grape crown and carrying a wand or thyrsus. Also, he frequently rides in a chariot drawn by leopards. Being the god of wine and intoxication, like his Greek counterpart Dionysus, his court included female Bacchanites, nymphs, fauns, and satyrs. Bacchus was widely worshipped and commanded a number of festivals including the Liberalia and Bacchanalia. These possessed strong phallic connotations that caused the god on occasions to be represented by a modeled phallus. A.G.H. Grimal, Pierre, Larousse World Mythology, Secaucus, New Jersey, Chartwell Books, 1965, p. 138 Jordan, Michael, Encyclopedia of Gods, New York, Facts On File, Inc. 1993, p. 38

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Definition - What does Neem mean? Neem is the name of both a tree native to the Indian subcontinent and products derived from the tree; in particular, the herb used in the traditional Indian healing system of Ayurveda. Neem products are also used in the traditional medical systems of siddha (Tamil) and unani (Islamic). Neem is used for a wide range of ailments and is often prescribed for skin conditions. The tree is also referred to by its botanical name, Azadirachta indica. Yogapedia explains Neem In Ayurveda, neem is believed to balance two of the three doshas (energies that control the body's functions): pitta and kapha. In addition to promoting healthy skin, neem is believed to have the following benefits: - Detoxifies the body, boosting the immune system - Cleanses the liver - Promotes circulation - Has antibacterial and antifungal properties - Balances blood sugar levels - Promotes healthy digestion - Reduces inflammation Neem is used as a powder or an oral medication (tablet or pill), in food or dissolved in water for washing or bathing.

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Cryptography & Network Security |Lecture hours per week||2| |Lab hours per week||2| Confidentiality and integrity of information is essential for secure communication. This course covers the science of secret communications. It provides basic mathematical concepts required for cryptography. The course covers the process of message transformation into code, encryption algorithms and the recovery of the original message by decryption algorithms. Cryptography is presented from various perspectives including secrecy, authentication, integrity, and non-repudiation. Quality security is paramount to e-commerce success. In this course, students also develop an understanding of real-world network security issues in order to build secure networks. Tools such as cryptography, firewalls and other security techniques will challenge students. Students will learn about the basics of network security, the security problems that may occur in networks including aspects of internetsecurity and solutions.

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Florida sees red tide - an algae outbreak that can kill marine life and sicken humans - almost every year, but the current flare-up has become severe enough to warrant a state of emergency declaration from Florida Gov. Rick Scott. For all its horrific effects, the Red Tide is not a new phenomenon. For humans, exposure can cause respiratory difficulties, burning eyes and skin irritation. Microscopic karenia bravis cells create a ghastly panorama when they burst into life, turning the seas blood red and spelling doom for marine creatures great and small throughout infected coastal waters, coves and inlets. The Florida Wildlife Research Institute says the number of dead and stranded sea turtles is almost three times higher than average. The state executive order 18-221 was announced August 13 - after Gov. Rick Scott declared a state of emergency in Collier, Lee, Charlotte, Sarasota, Manatee, Hillsborough and Pinellas counties - sending aid to responders in their efforts to combat red tide. In hopes of combating future outbreaks, scientists are field testing a patented process that would pump red-algae-tainted seawater into an ozone-treatment system and then pump the purified water back into the affected canal, cove or inlet, Crosby said. Meanwhile, Scott said his office is "directing a further $900,000 in grants for Lee County to clean up impacts related to red tide ... bringing total red tide grant funding for Lee County to more than $1.3 million". Turkish court rejects USA pastor Brunson's appeal for release Last week, the US also announced plans to double tariffs on Turkish steel and aluminum. It is believed many Qatari investors could be at risk from a Turkish economic crisis. Experiments carried out in huge 25,000-gallon tanks succeeded in removing all traces of the algae and its toxins, with the water chemistry reverting to normal within 24 hours, he said. Myers in recent days, according to NBC News, in his quest to find any nitrogen-rich substances that might feed the red tide. Part of the reason why the red tide is so prominent this season is because there are some leftover blooms from past year, Bob Weisberg, a professor of physical oceanography at the University of South Florida's College of Marine Science, told ABC News. Scientists statewide and with the National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration are trying to understand the lengthy lifespan of this year's bloom, which began in October 2017. For reasons not well understood, strong northerly winds that normally break up a red tide by December failed to materialize last winter, Stumpf said. "I don't think you're going to see much of an end to this until we get into the dry season". Researchers are watching oceanographic conditions in the region carefully and using forecasting tools not unlike seasonal weather forecasts to predict how long this bloom will last. Accompanying the emergency declaration is a "significant amount of funding" and "resources", according to Scott's office.

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A Southern Novel Nearly Gone With the Wind After a broken ankle immobilized her in 1926, Margaret Mitchell began developing a manuscript that would become Gone With the Wind, ultimately published in 1936. The success of Gone With the Wind made her an instant celebrity and earned a Pulitzer Prize for Margaret Mitchell, and the famed film adaptation released three years afterward. Over 30 million copies of Mitchell’s Civil War masterpiece have been sold and translated into 27 languages. Tragedy struck in 1949 when Mitchell was struck by a car, leaving Gone With the Wind as her only novel. Born and raised in Atlanta, Mitchell experienced tragic twists and turns; with the loss of her mother in 1918 and then four years later and four months after her wedding, her first husband abandoned the marriage. She wrote nearly 130 articles for the Atlanta Journal Sunday Magazine during that troubled time. By 1925 with her first marriage officially annulled, Mitchell married John Robert Marsh who encouraged her writing during her recovery from a broken ankle in 1926. By 1929, she nearly finished her thousand page Civil War and Reconstruction era story – A romantic novel, written from a Southern woman’s point of view, steeped in the history of the South and the tragic outcome of Rest of the story lies in what happened next… However, the grand manuscript remained tucked away until 1935 until she reluctantly out of fear showed it to a traveling book editor, who visited Atlanta in search of new material, and the rest is history. What motivated the book editor to leave his ivory-tower office in New York City? Southern authors during the decades since earned a warmer reception from the dominant publishing houses as the appeal for Southern stories grew. What Southern stories rest on your bookshelves at home as a testimony to their lasting imprint on our lives? Sourced from Margaret Mitchell’s Biography.

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Grids are manufactured to accommodate all standard film sizes from 9×12 to 45×45 mm or 8″x10″ to 18″x18″. Customized grids to specifications are available upon request. Grids for use inside cassettes are 3 mm (1/8″) smaller than the corresponding film size, whereas grids for use outside the cassettes are approximately 20 mm (1″) larger than the corresponding film size. Extra large grids are made from two or more smaller sized grids that can be fitted together up to a maximum size of 49 cm x 49 cm (19″x19″). The focal distance (f0) is the distance between the X-ray tube focal spot and the film. Each lead strip is aligned with the X-ray tube focal spot in a defined angle. Depending on type of X-ray examination, different focal distances are required. Standard focal distances are 80, 100, 105, 115, 130, 140, 150 and 180 cm. Other focal distances can be made in a range from 40 cm up to infinity. A parallel grid has = ∞. ( ∞=infinity) Focal range is the distance interval in which an X-ray tube can be used with a certain grid. With lower ratio grids, the focal range is considerably wider, with a higher ratio, the range is narrower. Grid ratio is defined as the height of the lead strip compared to the distance between the strips. Generally speaking, a grid with a higher grid ratio is more efficient than that with a low ratio. A high ratio requires, however, a higher exposure rate, since more radiation is absorbed by the grid. It is advisable to use grids with a higher ratio, when images of heavy objects and exposures at higher kV are made. Grids are manufactured with the following ratios as standard: Parallel and Focused N30 r 6, 8, 10 Parallel and Focused N40 r 6, 8, 10, 12 Parallel and Focused N70 r 6, 8, 10, 12, 16 Other ratios can be manufactured on special request. Parallel grids are normally made on the “prismatic section” principle, i.e. the strip heights taper off towards the edges. This reduces the cut-off of primary radiation at the edges – an essential, when large cassettes and short focus-film distances are used. Parallel grids are also made, where the strip heights even at the edges are retained. Such grids are classified as grids with ratio r, whereas the grids made on the “prismatic section” principle have the ratio ro. Parallel grids give satisfactory results, when the required image size is small enough, and the exposure admits a low grid ratio. This can be advantageous particularly with bed side exposures, where the absence of a grid/focal distance allow a greater latitude in positioning the X-ray tube. For radiography and fluoroscopy of thicker objects, where higher kV and shorter exposure times are necessary, focused grids, which are more effective at higher kV, can be used at short focus-film distances. This applies even to general surveys. When focused grids are used, the central beam of the X-rays is centered at the focal distance. This in order to get the highest possible grid efficiency. The degree of deviation from the indicated focal distance that is admissible is dependent on the grid ratio. The higher the grid ratio, the narrower the deviation limits. Two parallel or focused grids of half the thickness and ratio are assembled into one cross grid. The scatter absorption of a cross grid is approximately the same as that of a one component grid of the same ratio. However, the 2-directional absorption of a cross grid absorbs more scatter originating from the interior of the object than with a conventional grid of the same ratio. A cross grid is suitable, where a grid with very high ratio is required. Cross grids are advantageous, when deviating from a right angle arrangement of the film plane, since the cross grid only has half the ratio of the linear grid but in two directions. High kV Technique At kilo voltages above 125 kV, the scatter radiation increases significantly and necessitates the use of the most efficient grid. Primary absorption in the grid is of little importance. A grid of high ratio and high number of lines to the cm should therefore be selected despite of the difficulty of correct alignment. Optimum quality is achieved by the use of high definition intensifying screens and a relatively long focal-film distance. In order to minimize geometrical unsharpness, LYSHOLM focused grid: N70, r 12 or r16 are recommended.

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CC-MAIN-2019-26

http://www.gridline.se/type/

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en

Birth of Gen. Marion. His Ancestry. First Destination of Going to Sea. Voyage to the West Indies and Shipwreck. His settlement in St. John’s, Berkley. Expedition under Governor Lyttleton. A Sketch of the Attack on Fort Moultrie, 1776. And the Campaign of 1779. FRANCIS MARION was born at Winyaw,1 near Georgetown, South Carolina, in the year 1732; — memorable for giving birth to many distinguished American patriots. Marion was of French extraction; his grandfather, Gabriel, left France soon after the revocation of the edict of Nantz, in 1685, on account of his being a protestant, and retired from persecution to this new world, then a wilderness; no doubt under many distresses and dangers, and with few of the facilities with which emigrants settle new, but rich countries, at the present day. His son, also called Gabriel, was the father of five sons, Isaac, Gabriel, Benjamin, Francis, and Job, and of two daughters, grandmothers of the families of the Mitchells, of Georgetown, and of the Dwights, formerly of the same place, but now of St. Stephen’s parish. Of the education of FRANCIS MARION, we have no account; but from the internal evidence afforded by his original letters, it appears to have been no more than a plain English one; for the Huguenots seem to have already so far assimilated themselves to the country as to have forgotten their French. It was indeed a rare thing, in this early state of our country, to receive any more than the rudiments of an English education; since men were too much employed in the clearing and tilth of barren lands, to attend much to science. Such an education seemed to dispose Marion to be modest and reserved in conversation; to think, if not to read much; and, above all, not to be communicative. An early friend of his, the late Captain John Palmer, has stated, that his first inclination was for a seafaring life, and that at the age of sixteen he made a voyage to the West Indies. The vessel in which he embarked foundered at sea, and the crew, consisting of six persons, took to an open boat, without water or provisions: but, providentially, a dog swam to them from the ship, whose blood served them for drink, and his raw flesh for food, for six days; on the seventh, Francis Marion, and three of the crew, reached land, but the other two perished at sea. Things which appear accidental at the time, often sway the destinies of human life. Thus it was, that from the effect of this narrow escape, and the entreaties of a tender mother, Francis Marion was induced to abandon the sea, for an element, on which he was to become singularly useful. His mother’s maiden name was Cordes, and she also was of French extraction. Engaged in cultivating the soil, we hear no more of Marion for ten years. Mr. Henry Ravenel, of Pineville, now more than 70 years of age, knew him in the year 1758; he had then lost his father; and, removing with his mother and brother Gabriel from Georgetown, they settled for one year near Frierson’s lock, on the present Santee canal. The next year Gabriel removed to Belle Isle, in St. Stephen’s parish, late the residence of his son, the Hon. Robert Marion. Francis settled himself in St. John’s, at a place called Pond Bluff, from the circumstance of there being a pond at the bottom of a bluff, fronting the river low grounds. This place is situated about four miles below Eutaw, on the Santee; and he continued to hold it during life.2 Others fix his settling in St. John’s, at a later period: this is of little consequence, but what is of some, was that in this most useful of all stations, a tiller of the ground, he was industrious and successful. In the same year, 1759, the Cherokee war broke out, and he turned out as a volunteer, in his brother’s troop of provincial cavalry. In 1761, he served in the expedition under Col. Grant, as a lieutenant in Captain Wm. Moultrie’s company, forming part of a provincial regiment, commanded by Col. Middleton. It is believed that he distinguished himself in this expedition, in a severe conflict between Col. Grant and the Indians, near Etchoee, an Indian town; but, if he did so, the particulars have not been handed down to us, by any official account. General Moultrie says of him, “he was an active, brave, and hardy soldier; and an excellent partisan officer.” We come now to that part of Marion’s life, where, acting in a more conspicuous situation, things are known of him, with more certainty. In the beginning of the year 1775, he was elected one, of what was then called the provincial congress of South Carolina, from St. John’s. This was the public body which agreed to the famous continental association, recommended by congress, to prevent the importation of goods, wares, and merchandizes, from Great Britain: they likewise put a stop to all suits at law, except where debtors refused to renew their obligations, and to give reasonable security, or when justly suspected of intentions to leave the province, or to defraud their creditors; and they appointed committees in the several districts and parishes in the state, which were called committees of public safety, to carry these acts into effect. These exercised high municipal authority, and supported generally by a population sometimes intemperate, inflicted singular punishments3 upon such as were not only guilty, but even suspected, of infringing the association. The provincial congress also, after receiving the news of the battle of Lexington, determined upon a defensive war, and resolved to raise two regiments of infantry, and one of cavalry. Marion was elected a captain in the second regiment of these two, of which William Moultrie was colonel. Charles Cotesworth Pinckney, and Thomas Pinckney, since so much distinguished, were likewise elected captains in this regiment at the same time. The first of Captain Marion’s appearing in arms against the British, was in the latter part of this year, when he acted as one of three captains under Colonel Motte, in taking possession of Fort Johnson, on James Island. On this occasion much resistance was expected, but the garrison abandoned the fort, and escaped to two British vessels, the Tamar and Cherokee, then lying in Charleston harbour. In the autumn of the same year a post was established at Dorchester, where it was thought prudent to send part of the military stores, and the public records out of Charleston; and here Captain Marion had the command. This is only worthy of remark in the circumstance, that as the climate of this place is remarkably bad in autumn, it shows that our patriots had already so much enthusiasm in the cause in which they had embarked, that they refused no station, however perilous. As the provincial congress and committees of public safety exercised all the legislative and judicial powers in the state, as might have been expected, they soon became too complicated for them, and were thrown into great confusion. The criminal code was still left in force; but there were no judges to exercise that jurisdiction. The provincial congress, therefore, without waiting for a convention of the people, framed a constitution: by this they took the name of the general assembly of South Carolina, and limited their own continuance until the 21st October, 1776; and, in every two years after that period, a general election was to take place for members of the assembly. The legislative powers were vested in a president, the assembly, and a legislative council, to be chosen out of their own body. All resolutions of the continental and provincial congress, and all laws then of force, were continued. They passed a law, that only two thirds of the rice made in the state should be permitted to be exported, the other third was to remain in the country for its consumption, and for exchange for the necessary articles of life: and upon these prices were to be fixed; it was recommended to the people to cultivate cotton; the breed of sheep was directed to be improved; and, after a certain day, none were to be killed for market or home consumption; but the continental congress soon after, passed a law that no rice should be exported; and it was submitted to, without a murmur. A vice-president and privy council of six members were elected, and among other duties, were to exercise chancery jurisdiction; and other judges were directed to be chosen by the general assembly. In a few years, such confusion followed, that we shall see the president, soon after denominated governor, and two of the privy council, exercising all the civil and military powers of the state. John Rutledge was chosen president, Henry Laurens vice-president, and ex-officio president of the privy council. In this year, (1776,) Francis Marion had risen to the rank of major in the second regiment, and was stationed with his colonel in the fort at Sullivan’s Island. He was in the action of the 28th of June, between that fort and nine of the British ships, under Sir Peter Parker. Of the particulars of this battle, every one has heard, and they need not be narrated here. Two of the ships carried fifty guns, the ship Bristol, commodore Sir Peter Parker, and the Experiment; and as powder was very scarce in the fort, the orders were, “mind the commodore!” “Fire at the two fifty gun ships.” Col. Moultrie received the thanks of the commander in chief, of congress, Gen. Lee, and of president Rutledge, for his gallant conduct in that victory; and, what was more, the heart-felt gratitude of his countrymen. The fort was called by his name, and he was raised to the rank of brigadier general. His major then rose to the rank of lieut. colonel. This action excited the highest resentment in the breasts of the British rulers; and in the end they inflicted severe vengeance on the state of South Carolina. Three years, however, elapsed before they made another attempt.

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CC-MAIN-2019-26

http://www.historycarper.com/1821/11/17/francis-marion-chapter-i/

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en

The Coast Guard is one of the oldest organizations of the federal government. Established in 1790, the Coast Guard served as the nation’s only armed force on the sea until Congress launched the Navy Department eight years later. Since then, the Coast Guard has protected the United States throughout its long history and served proudly in every one of the nation’s conflicts. The Coast Guard through History 4 August 1790 – President George Washington signs the Tariff Act that authorizes the construction of ten vessels, referred to as “cutters,” to enforce federal tariff and trade laws and to prevent smuggling. The Revenue Cutter Service expanded in size and responsibilities as the nation grew. 1915 – The Revenue Cutter Service merges with the U.S. Life-Saving Service, and is officially renamed the Coast Guard, making it the only maritime service dedicated to saving life at sea and enforcing the nation’s maritime laws. 1939 – President Franklin Roosevelt orders the transfer of the Lighthouse Service to the Coast Guard, putting it in charge of maritime navigation. 1946 – Congress permanently transfers the Commerce Department’s Bureau of Marine Inspection and Navigation to the Coast Guard, putting merchant marine licensing and merchant vessel safety in its control. 1967 – The Coast Guard is transferred to Department of Transportation. 2003 – The Coast Guard is again transferred, this time to the Department of Homeland Security, where it currently serves. The Coast Guard Today The Coast Guard is both a federal law enforcement agency and a military force, and therefore is a faithful protector of the United States in peacetime and war. In times of peace, the Coast Guard operates as part of the Department of Homeland Security, enforcing the nation’s laws at sea, protecting the marine environment, guarding the nation’s vast coastline and ports, and performing vital life saving missions. In times of war, or at the direction of the President, the Coast Guard serves under the Department of the Navy, defending the nation against terrorism and foreign threats. The Coast Guard is the principal Federal agency responsible for maritime safety, security, and environmental stewardship in U.S. ports and waterways. In this capacity, the Coast Guard protects and defends more than 100,000 miles of U.S. coastline and inland waterways, and safeguards an Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) encompassing 4.5 million square miles stretching from North of the Arctic Circle to South of the equator, from Puerto Rico to Guam, encompassing nine time zones – the largest EEZ in the world. As one of the five Armed Services of the United States, the Coast Guard is the only military branch within the Department of Homeland Security. In addition to its role as an Armed Service, the Coast Guard is a first responder and humanitarian service that provides aid to people in distress or impacted by natural and man-made disasters whether at sea or ashore. The Coast Guard is a member of the Intelligence Community, and is a law enforcement and regulatory agency with broad legal authorities associated with maritime transportation, hazardous materials shipping, bridge administration, oil spill response, pilotage, and vessel construction and operation. The over 56,000 members of the Coast Guard operate a multi-mission, interoperable fleet of 243 Cutters, 201 fixed and rotary-wing aircraft, and over 1,600 boats. Operational control of surface and air assets is vested in two Coast Guard geographical Areas (Pacific and Atlantic), nine Coast Guard Districts, and 37 Sectors located at strategic ports throughout the country. Six Mission Support Logistics and Service Centers provide services for operational assets and shore facilities. Coast Guard program oversight, policy development, and personnel administration are carried out at Coast Guard Headquarters located on the St. Elizabeths campus in Washington, DC. On an average day, the Coast Guard: - conducts 45 search and rescue cases; - saves 10 lives; - saves over $1.2M in property; - seizes 874 pounds of cocaine and 214 pounds of marijuana; - conducts 57 waterborne patrols of critical maritime infrastructure; - interdicts 17 illegal migrants; - escorts 5 high-capacity passenger vessels; - conducts 24 security boardings in and around U.S. ports; - screens 360 merchant vessels for potential security threats prior to arrival in U.S. ports; - conducts 14 fisheries conservation boardings; - services 82 buoys and fixed aids to navigation; - investigates 35 pollution incidents; - completes 26 safety examinations on foreign vessels; - conducts 105 marine inspections; - investigates 14 marine casualties involving commercial vessels; - facilitates movement of $8.7B worth of goods and commodities through the Nation’s Maritime Transportation System.

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CC-MAIN-2019-26

http://www.mightyeighth.org/events/us-coast-guard-birthday/

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en

What is hepatitis? The term ‘hepatitis’ simply means inflammation of the liver. Hepatitis may be caused by a virus or a toxin such as alcohol. Other viruses that can cause injury to liver cells include the hepatitis A and hepatitis C viruses. These viruses are not related to each other or to hepatitis B virus and differ in their structure, the ways they are spread among individuals, the severity of symptoms they can cause, the way they are treated, and the outcome of the infection. Continue reading

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CC-MAIN-2019-26

http://www.webdicine.com/tag/dna-virus

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en

Virtually All Disease Could Be Linked To A Vitamin D Deficiency! Vitamin D Plays Several Key Roles In The Maintenance Of Organ Systems by Greg Montoya Researchers are discovering amazing new benefits from Vitamin D. Many consider it to be even more important than vitamin C! It actually works more like a hormone than a vitamin and it needs to be replaced daily. For example: - Vitamin D helps regulate calcium concentrations in the blood. Since it works more like a hormone, its active form, calcitriol acts with the parathyroid hormone or PTH. If the calcium level is low, this would trigger the secretion of PTH, which would stimulate the conversion of vitamin D to calcitriol. Calcitriol would then act to increase calcium absorption in the intestines, calcium resorption in the kidneys and stimulate calcium release from the bones. - It helps maintain blood phosphorus levels. Low levels of vitamin D can result to an overactive parathyroid gland. Also with inadequate phosphorus in the body, bones cannot undergo normal mineralisation. - It is also said that vitamin D benefits the immune system since the T-cells or immune cells have receptors for vitamin D. It acts by boosting phagocytosis, the bodily functions to combat tumours, modulate neuromuscular and immune functions and reduce inflammation. - This supplement is also responsible for maintaining normal cell growth and function. It may be an important element to the prevention and treatment of cancer. It has also been suggested that vitamin D plays a role in regulating the growth and function of brain cells. - Research studies suggest that vitamin D, because of its anti-inflammatory effect, plays a role in providing protection against osteoporosis, hypertension, cancer, type 1 diabetes, psoriasis and numerous autoimmune diseases. - Inadequate vitamin D intake together with inadequate sun exposure - Certain disorders that compromise vitamin D absorption - Conditions that can impair the conversion of vitamin D metabolites such as kidney or liver diseases or hereditary disorders. - Rickets which is common in children and is characterised by delayed growth and deformity of long bones. - Osteomalacia, which occurs in adults and results in thinning of the bones. Signs of proximal weakness and bone fragility are familiar characteristics. - Osteoporosis which is a condition wherein the bone mineral density is reduced and bone fragility is increased. Deficiency Symptoms in Adults and Infants Vitamin D Food Sources - Cod liver oil - Fish like salmon, mackerel, tuna, sardines - Milk including non-fat, reduced fat, whole or vitamin D fortified - Beef liver - Swiss cheese The Need For Increased Amounts - Breastfed infants because vitamin D cannot be supplied by breast milk alone - Older people due to the fact that synthesis of vitamin D decreases with age and the ability of the kidney to convert vitamin D diminishes - Limited sun exposure especially those living in northern latitudes, those wearing robes or head covers or those with occupations that prevent them from having sun exposure - Dark skin individuals which have more skin pigments like melanin reduce the ability of the skin to produce vitamin D. - The population with fat malabsorption conditions such as Crohn’s disease, cystic fibrosis, liver and celiac disease or patients who have undergone surgical removal of any part of the stomach or intestine. - Obese people have an increased amount of subcutaneous fat which can snatch more of the vitamin D and somehow alter its release in the circulation. Interaction of Vitamin D with Prescribed Drugs - Steroids or corticosteroid medications like prednisone which can cause decreased calcium absorption and also damage the vitamin D metabolism process. - Weight-loss medications such as orlistat and cholesterol-lowering drugs like cholestyramine also decrease the absorption of vitamin D and other fat-soluble vitamins. - Phenobarbital and phenytoin increases vitamin D metabolism and decreases calcium absorption. Ageless Impact’s Comments: One of the leading questions that comes up today in the areas of anti-aging, health and nutrition is “What is the best anti-aging type supplement to help build and strengthen the bones as well as support over all health and well-being?” Without question, we believe Ageless Impact’s SunD is the superior vitamin D supplement to accomplish this objective! SunD’s formula starts with a whopping 8,000 IU’s per serving of Vitamin D. Years ago Vitamin D deficiencies were virtually unheard of as most spent plenty of time outside getting our daily dose of Vitamin D from the sun (from just 20 minutes of continuous sun exposure). Unfortunately, the medical community has so “over scared” people about sun exposure that many Americans don’t get even the bare minimum amount of Vitamin D, much less the amount in SunD (4,000% of the recommended Daily Value!). Vitamin D Is So Much More Than Just a “Bone Builder”! In addition to the large volume of research supporting the restorative power of Vitamin D to stimulate bone cells and enhancing the uptake of calcium into the bones, emerging research touts the positive impact in boosting immunity, hormone regulation, brain health, metabolism, diabetes prevention, cancer prevention and even cardiovascular health. (Could you ask for anything more?) Not All Vitamin D Supplements Are Equal! To take things to a much higher support level, we’ve included 4,000 micrograms per serving of Vitamin K2 (3,333% of the recommended Daily Value!). Vitamin K2 helps “sweep” calcium out of our arteries and tissues, then deposits it where hardening makes sense – your bones. Nearly all healthy adults in America reportedly have undiagnosed vitamin K deficiency. The beauty of adding K2 is it is the most bioactive and absorbable of the K vitamins. The final ingredient that makes this formula so powerful and complete is Strontium. It’s important to note that the Strontium in SunD has literally no relationship to the Strontium 90 that causes radioactive damage. Strontium is a common element naturally found in our bones. Studies have demonstrated that Strontium in its various forms is well tolerated and completely safe. It has a unique method of action, which provides a dual activity in your bones. Strontium both inhibits bone resorption (the process breaking down bone and releasing the mineral, that result in the transfer of calcium from bone fluid to the blood) and simultaneously stimulating bone growth. No other natural substance or drug that we know of is known to provide this dual effect. It’s our belief that if you are going to take a Vitamin D-3 supplement, you should consider one that also contains Vitamin K-2 and Strontium as both of these work synergistically with D-3 to help put calcium where it needs to be… On the bones! We also believe that an optimal daily dose should be as follows: Vitamin D-3 / 4,000 IU twice daily in conjunction with 2,000 mcg of K-2 and 1,300mg of Strontium combined with each dose. This powerful 1-2-3 punch will greatly assist those interested in maintaining healthy bones and overall well being as you grow older. One without the other is not near as effective as the synergistic effect of combining them together. Ageless Impact’s NEW SunD formula fits this bill. This unique combination of ingredients is what separates SunD from the rest! To order or learn more about Ageless Impact’s Powerful NEW “1-2-3 Punch” Vitamin D3 supplement called SunD, CLICK HERE

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CC-MAIN-2019-26

https://agelessimpact.com/vitamin-d-deficiency/

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en

Students at two-year colleges and small four-year colleges have often obtained their exposure to NMR spectroscopy through "canned" spectra because the cost of an NMR spectrometer, particularly a high-field spectrometer, is prohibitive in these environments. This article describes the design of a NMR site at Trinity University in which spectral data from student samples from community colleges and several four-year colleges are obtained on a 300 MHz NMR spectrometer. The unprocessed free induction decay (FID) is distributed to the students via the Internet and then processed by the students at their local institutions. The success of the NMR site at one two-year college, Palo Alto College, is described along with details of the experiments chosen for analysis. Two other two-year colleges, San Antonio College and Northwest Vista College, provide additional information about the effectiveness of the site. Document Object Identifier (DOI) American Chemical Society Mills, N. S., & Shanklin, M. (2011). Access to NMR spectroscopy for two-year college students: The NMR site at Trinity University. Journal of Chemical Education, 88(6), 835-839. doi:10.1021/ed100715y Journal of Chemical Education

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CC-MAIN-2019-26

https://digitalcommons.trinity.edu/chem_faculty/19/

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en

The visual presentation of foods is often considered by chefs at many different stages of food preparation, from the manner of tying or sewing meats, to the type of cut used in chopping and slicing meats or vegetables, to the style of mold used in a poured dish. The food itself may be decorated as in elaborately iced cakes, topped with ornamental sometimes sculptural consumables, drizzled with sauces, sprinkled with seeds, powders, or other toppings, or it may be accompanied by edible or inedible garnishes. Historically, the presentation of food has been used as a show of wealth and power. Such displays often emphasize the complexity of a dish's composition as opposed to its flavors. For instance, ancient sources recall the hosts of Roman banquets adding precious metals and minerals to food in order to enhance its aesthetic appeal. Additionally, Medieval aristocrats hosted feasts involving sculptural dishes and shows of live animals. These banquets existed to show the culture and affluence of its host, and were therefore tied to social class. Contemporary food aesthetics reflect the autonomy of the chef, such as in nouvelle cuisine and Japanese bento boxes. Dishes often involve both simplistic and complex designs. Some schools of thought, like French nouvelle cuisine, emphasize minimalism while others create complicated compositions based on modern aesthetic principles. Overall, the presentation of food reflects societal trends and beliefs. The arrangement and overall styling of food upon bringing it to the plate is termed plating. Some common styles of plating include a 'classic' arrangement of the main item in the front of the plate with vegetables or starches in the back, a 'stacked' arrangement of the various items, or the main item leaning or 'shingled' upon a vegetable bed or side item. Item location on the plate is often referenced as for the face of a clock, with six o'clock the position closest to the diner. A basic rule of thumb upon plating, and even in some cases prepping, is to make sure you have the 5 components to a dish; protein, traditionally at a 6 o'clock position, vegetable, at a 2 o'clock position, starch at an 11 o'clock position, sauce and garnish. Banquets were important social events, usually hosted in private residences for friends and clients. The Romans placed great focus on the appearance of their dining room (triclinium), decorating it with murals and mosaics, as well as lavish sculptures and furniture. The overall purpose of a private banquet was entertainment, not only through live performances, but also through the presentation of the food itself. The meal consisted of three courses- appetizers, main course, and dessert- brought out in elaborate rituals. For instance, the main course was sometimes served to the tune of trumpets at particularly luxurious events. Foods that were particularly valued were wild game, such as pheasant and boar, certain kinds of fish, and wild berries, mainly because of their exoticism and high price. Some ancient writers recount Emperor Claudius adding crushed pearls to wine and flecks of gold to peas solely to increase their cost. Others recall live animals being served as shows of entertainment and richness. For instance, at one event mackerels were pickled live in order to showcase their silvery bodies thrashing in vinegar. Medieval aristocrats also desired to entertain and impress through food. Banquets were usually huge feasts with diverse choices of dishes. Social etiquette dictated that the wealthy and powerful be given beautiful and elaborate dishes while the poor be given simple food, usually scraps. Such banquets not only entertained guests, but also showed the wealth of the host. In particular, the patron sometimes commissioned artists to create complicated sculptures made from food items to awe and inspire. Particular favorites were pies or cakes designed to expel live birds when cut open and multicolored jellies stacked together, dyed with spices and vegetable matter. In the same way, contemporary food reflects both personal and societal aesthetic beliefs. While cuisine in the past was intrinsically related to wealth and social status, contemporary cuisine is much less distinguished by class. The disintegration of highbrow and lowbrow foods has led to increased accessibility of various foods. Now, it is possible to find a hamburger at a five star restaurants and exotic cuisines on street corners. Therefore, contemporary food presentation is determined much more by modern aesthetics and creativity than displays of wealth and power. Nouvelle cuisine is a school of French cooking that rejects ostentatious displays of food in favor of simple presentation and high-quality ingredients. In contrast to historical chefs that obeyed the orders of patrons, this manner of cooking elevates the chef from a skilled worker to an inventor and artist. The aesthetic of nouvelle cuisine emphasizes minimalism, serving fewer courses and utilizing simple plating. Chefs were extremely creative in constructing innovative recipes and plating. A bento box is a Japanese meal traditionally consisting of rice, meat/fish, and vegetables served in a portable box. In Japan, as well as in the United States, a large focus is placed on the aesthetic arrangement of the food. There have even been contests to see who can come up with the most inventive way of creating bento boxes, allowing for creativity in amateur chefs and everyday people. Sometimes bento boxes are used to make sculptural designs, such as rice shaped to look like animals. These specific types of bento boxes are known as Kyaraben or charaben, (キャラ弁) a shortened form of character bento. (キャラクター弁当 kyarakutā bentō) Kyaraben are most often made by mothers to encourage their children to eat more nutritious diets and as a way of showing their love and dedication. Kaiseki (懐石) is a Japanese multi-course haute cuisine dinner consisting of 7-14 courses, often served at ryokan, but also in small restaurants known as ryōtei, particularly in Kyoto. A large focus of kaiseki is in the elaborate preparation and aesthetic presentation of these meals to enhance the natural flavors of fresh, local ingredients. Meals are often garnished with edible leaves and flowers to enhance the seasonality of the meal and its ingredients and are arranged to resemble natural plants and animals. Kaiseki dinners most commonly involve an appetizer, sashimi, a simmered dish, a grilled dish, and a steamed dish. Other dishes may be added or omitted depending on the chef. - Sakizuke (先附): An appetizer. - Hassun (八寸): A course of sushi and several small side-dishes. - Mukōzuke (向付): A dish of sliced, seasonal sashimi. - Takiawase (煮合): A dish of simmered vegetables served with meat, fish or tofu. - Futamono (蓋物): A “lidded dish”; typically a soup. - Yakimono (焼物): A flame-broiled dish, typically fish. - Su-zakana (酢肴): A small dish of vegetables in vinegar, typically used for cleansing the palate. - Hiyashi-bachi (冷し鉢): Chilled, lightly cooked vegetables. (Available only in the summer months.) - Naka-choko (中猪口): A light, acidic soup for cleansing the palate. - Shiizakana (強肴): A substantial dish, such as a hot pot. - Gohan (御飯): A rice dish made with seasonal ingredients. - Kō no mono (香の物): Seasonal pickled vegetables. - Tome-wan (止椀): A miso-based or vegetable soup served with rice. - Mizumono (水物): A seasonal dessert. Modern science can illuminate how and why people respond in certain ways to food plating and presentation. According to a sociological study, people react differently to various aesthetic principles such as color, composition (including a number of components, placement of components, and use of negative space), design, and the organization of a plate. They found that participants responded best to plates with four different colors, three different components, some empty space, and with a disorganized and casual design. This research is particularly important because understanding how food presentation affects how people eat can be used in the study of health and nutrition. For instance, another study showed that participants who ate off of uncleaned tables (i.e. all uneaten food was left on the table) ate less than those that had their tabled periodically cleaned. This is presumably because those that could see the leftovers of what they had eaten were less likely to take more food. This could be useful, for instance, in combatting the obesity endemic. Another example of science in food aesthetics is the development of molecular food in Spain, which emphasizes the essence of food using scientific elements. Molecular science can break down the roles of carbohydrates and protein in order to isolate what creates particular tastes. For instance, modern science makes it possible to freeze ice cream using liquid nitrogen and create wine using sugars, creating efficient and visually interesting new dishes. Trends and fadsEdit Like other aspects of culture, food presentation is subject to trends and fads. For instance, "unicorn food", a style of presentation that uses a rainbow color palette to decorate food, became popular in 2017. The pastel-like hues are supposed to represent the colors of the mythical unicorn. - McBride, Ann (2010). Gastronomica. University of California Press. pp. 38–46. doi:10.1525/gfc.2010.10.1.38. JSTOR 10.1525/gfc.2010.10.1.38. - Raff, Katharine. "The Roman Banquet Essay Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History, The Metropolitan Museum of Art". The Met’s Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. - NAGY, HELEN (2005-01-01). "Review of The Roman Banquet: Images of Conviviality". Vergilius (1959-). 51: 131–136. JSTOR 41587315. - Clark, Priscilla P. (1975). Thoughts for Food, I: French Cuisine and French Culture. American Association of Teachers of French. p. 10. - Bermingham, Ann (2010). Food Masquerade. Gastronomica, vol. 10, no. 2. pp. 9–12. JSTOR 10.1525/gfc.2010.10.2.9. - Johnston, Josée; Baumann, Shyon (2007-01-01). "Democracy versus Distinction: A Study of Omnivorousness in Gourmet Food Writing". American Journal of Sociology. 113 (1): 165–204. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.217.5091. doi:10.1086/518923. JSTOR 518923. - Rao, Hayagreeva (2009). Market Rebels: How Activists Make or Break Radical Innovations, The French Revolution: Collective Action and the Nouvelle Cuisine Innovation. Princeton University Press. pp. 69–94. - Dale, Joshua Paul. "The ultimate act of love? The truth behind Japan's charaben culture". CNN. Retrieved 2017-04-15. - Yanagihara, Wendy (August 2010). "Kaiseki-ryōri: Japanese haute cuisine". Lonely Planet. - CNN, Elaine Yu and Amanda Sealy. "Kyoto cuisine: A beginner's guide to kaiseki". CNN. Retrieved 2017-04-15. - Youssef, Jozef (January 10, 2014). "Kaiseki – The Art of Japanese Dining". - Zampollo, Francesca; Wansink, Brian; Kniffin, Kevin M.; Shimizu, Mitsuru; Omori, Aki (2012-02-01). "Looks Good Enough to Eat How Food Plating Preferences Differ Across Cultures and Continents". Cross-Cultural Research. 46 (1): 31–49. doi:10.1177/1069397111418428. ISSN 1069-3971. - Albala, Ken (May 2011). Food Cultures of the World Encyclopedia, Volume 4. Greenwood. p. 335. - Nicholas Kurti and Herve This-Benckhard (1994). "Chemistry and Physics in the Kitchen" (PDF). Scientific American. - "Unicorn Food is the New Millennial Obsession - Man Repeller". Man Repeller. 2017-04-18. Retrieved 2017-04-19. - "Starbucks joins 'unicorn food' craze with new drink". BBC News. 2017-04-19. Retrieved 2017-04-19. - Stack, Liam (2017-04-19). "'Unicorn Food' Is Colorful, Sparkly and Everywhere". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2017-04-19.

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On 26th February 1815 Napoleon Bonaparte escaped from his exile on the island of Elba and began his “100 days” revival that would end with final defeat at the Battle of Waterloo. After a series of defeats, Napoleon had been forced to abdicate on 6th April 1814. The allies sent him to Elba, a small island in the Mediterranean between Corsica and northern Italy. He was allowed to retain the title of Emperor, but his empire now constituted a mere 75 square miles of hills and coastal bays. He could have lived in retirement in some degree of luxury, having been granted a stipend of two million francs a year, but he had other ideas. He was worried by the rumours he heard that some of his enemies were planning to send him much further afield. Another concern was that he was separated from his wife, Marie-Louise, who he believed was being kept from him by the new rulers in France. However, what he did not know was that Marie-Louise was heartily glad to have parted company with him and was happily involved in a liaison with an Austrian count. So, on the evening of 26th February, Napoleon gave his captors the slip and, accompanied by some 800 loyal soldiers, left the island in a fleet of sailing boats that landed on the coast of France near Cannes on 1st March. Gathering supporters as he went, Napoleon marched towards Paris. The recently restored King Louis XVIII fled, and Napoleon was once again the Emperor of France. After his defeat at Waterloo on 18th June 1815 the allies did not make the same mistake again. This time Napoleon was sent somewhere far less luxurious and much more escape-proof, namely the South Atlantic island of St Helena, where he died in May 1821. © John Welford

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Aitken Bible Marker The Providence Forum believes memorials, monuments, and symbols are an important part of teaching and retaining our American history and heritage. Recognizing the importance of the Bible to our founders, Providence Forum worked to memorialize the location of the printing of the first English Bible printed in America. The First Printer of the English Bible in North America The Providence Forum had the honor to work with the State of Pennsylvania to create a historical marker for Robert Aitken, the first printer of the English Bible in North America. This event is significant because prior to the revolutionary war the printing of the Bible in English, by order of the king, was only permitted in England or Scotland. While America had seen translations of the Bible printed for both Indian tribes and other ethnic groups such as Germans, an English version had not yet been printed in the New World. With the non-importation agreement among the colonists, nothing could be brought in from the United Kingdom. This meant that America began to run out of Bibles. It was in this context that Robert Aitken, born in 1734 (1802 deceased), decided to take up the task to create the first fully printed English Bible. His printing shop was in Philadelphia very close to Front Street on Market Street. He was from the Quaker tradition. Breaking the Law When Aitken’s Bible appeared in Philadelphia in 1782, the Revolutionary War was still ongoing so that technically, from the perspective of British law, Aitken’s edition of the Bible was illegal. Nevertheless Aitken’s Bible and his enormous achievement were celebrated. Upon completion of his Bible, it was presented to the Continental Congress and reviewed by a committee. One of those who reviewed it was the Reverend John Witherspoon, a Presbyterian minister and the only minister to sign the Declaration of Independence. The Bible received the endorsement of Congress and has ever since been known as Congress’ Bible. However, the war soon came to an end and America received an influx of imported English Bibles. The 10,000 Bibles Robert Aitken had printed were more expensive than the imported Bibles and as a result, Aitken nearly went bankrupt for his efforts. Ironically, The Aitken Bibles have nearly disappeared over time and now are collectors’ items and sell for as much as $100,000 each. A Historical Celebration The Robert Aitken historical marker was unveiled in 2011. Following the unveiling a small celebration of its unveiling occurred at nearby Christ Episcopal Church’s neighborhood building with local government officials, students from local schools as well as Pennsylvania State government representatives. Local businesses such as America’s oldest candy company, Shane’s Candy Company, and the nearby Franklin Fountain participated in the celebration. Now when The Providence Forum leads a tour of historic Philadelphia, we like to point to the marker and tell the story of the Robert Aitken’s first Bible printed in America and its endorsement by Congress and share our role in preserving this important piece of our city and state’s Judeo-Christian heritage.

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Irving Berlin, The Immigrant Boy Who Made America Sing by Nancy Churnin Irving Berlin came to the United States as a refugee from Tsarist Russia, escaping a pogrom that destroyed his village. Growing up on the streets of the lower East Side, the rhythms of jazz and blues inspired his own song-writing career. Starting with his first big hit, Alexander's Ragtime Band, Berlin created the soundtrack for American life with his catchy tunes and irresistible lyrics. With "God Bless America," he sang his thanks to the country which had given him a home and a chance to express his creative vision.

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After the finding in the Temple, Jesus returned with Mary and Joseph to Nazareth. There He lived with them, doing all He could to help His Mother and St. Joseph in their work. Jesus, God Himself, obeyed mortals, because He wanted to set us an example. He lived a life of obedience, humility, and poverty in Nazareth till He was about thirty years old , This hidden life teaches us, among other things, the value in the eyes of God, of prayer, humility and obedience. How may the life of Jesus Christ be divided? –The life of Jesus Christ may be divided into three parts: His childhood to the time when He was twelve years old; His hidden life, to the time when He started His teaching; and His public life, to the time of His death. After the murder of the Holy Innocents, the Child Jesus lived in Egypt with His mother and St. Joseph until the death of Herod, then returned with them to the Holy Land. An angel appeared to Joseph and said, “Arise, and take the Child and his Mother, and go into the land of Israel” (Matt. 2:20). Just as St. Joseph had obeyed without question when told to take the Child to Egypt, so now he obeyed, knowing that God Who watches over the birds of the air would watch over those given into his charge. The Holy Family lived in Nazareth. From there, every year Mary and Joseph went to worship at the Temple of Jerusalem. When Jesus was twelve years old, He went along with His parents to celebrate the Pasch at Jerusalem. Then Mary and Joseph left the city to return to Nazareth, but Jesus remained behind without their knowledge. “But thinking that he was in the caravan, they had come a day’s journey before it occurred to them to look for him among their relatives and acquaintances. And not finding him, they returned to Jerusalem in search of him” (Luke 2:44-45) We can only imagine the distress of Mary and Joseph upon having lost Jesus, most precious to them, the Child that had been entrusted to their care. And what was their joy when after three days search they found Him in the Temple, in the midst of the wise men there, hearing and questioning them! Mary told how great had been her grief when she said, “Behold, thy father and I have been seeking thee sorrowing” (Luke 2:48). But Jesus replied, “How is it that you sought me? Did you not know that I must be about my Father’s business?” (Luke 2:49) Jesus dearly loved Mary and Joseph, but He did not hesitate to cause them pain and part from them, in order to obey His heavenly Father’s will. In imitation of Him, many young people leave home and their dear parents, to enter the priesthood or a religious congregation, to serve God completely. Some non-Catholic interpreters insist that Jesus had brothers, that He was not the only Son of Mary. Those spoken of in the Gospels as the “brethren” of Our Lord (Matt. 13:55), were His blood relatives; it was the practice among the Jews to call near relatives “brethren”. So Abraham called his nephew Lot in this manner: “Let there be no quarrel between me and thee…. for we are brethren” (Gen. 13:8). As St. John Chrysostom wrote, Our Lord on the cross would not have needed to commend His Mother to his Apostle John, if she had had other children. How long did the hidden life of Jesus Christ last? –The hidden life of Jesus Christ lasted from His return to Nazareth at the age of twelve until He entered into public life, at the age of thirty. Of this part of Christ’s life all we directly read from Holy Scripture are two statements: “And He went down with them, and came to Nazareth, and was subject to them…. And Jesus advanced in wisdom and age and grace before God and men” (Luke 2:51, 52). In these two sentences is contained the history of eighteen years of the life of Jesus Christ, the God-Man. In the Temple, at the early age of twelve, Jesus had proved His wisdom before the doctors of the law. As St. Luke writes, “And all who were listening to him were amazed at his understanding and his answers” (Luke 2:47). But did He continue after this unusual and favorable beginning; did He stay on to preach His doctrine? No; instead, He meekly followed His parents as a young child of that age, and went to live with them in obscurity in Nazareth. The actions of Jesus Christ are intended for us as examples and instructions, as much as His words. As He said, “I have given you an example, that as I have done to you, so you also should do” (John 13:15) The hidden life of Jesus is for us a perfect model of humility. He lived in poverty and lowliness: the Mother He chose was a poor woman; His foster-father was a carpenter; the town in which He spent the greatest part of His life was an obscure place despised by the Jews: “Can anything good come out of Nazareth?” (John 1:46) By His hidden life Jesus Christ teaches us to learn holiness and wisdom before we presume to teach others. He teaches us, by living in obscurity, to fight against our vanity, which makes us desire to be doing only what seems great and important, which makes us desire to be praised and noticed. By His hidden life Our Lord teaches us to subdue our pride, to live day after day without impatience or complaint, unknown to the world, and even despised, if that is the will of God for us; then we shall have true peace of heart. And so Jesus said, “Learn from me, for I am meek and humble of heart” (Matt. 11:29). For long years of obscurity in Nazareth, He was just “a carpenter’s son”. The hidden life of Jesus Christ is for us a perfect model of obedience: “And He was subject to them.” The God of all created things, almighty and infinite, was subject to two poor and unknown mortals. He obeyed them in all things, promptly, constantly, cheerfully, and with great love. Let us model our obedience on this perfect pattern. Let us obey our superiors as representatives of God, giving them due respect and prompt obedience. When our parents command us, and we go about doing what they want, but with murmuring and without spirit, is that the obedience that the Child Jesus gave in Nazareth? When we have to do some unpleasant or difficult task, let us imitate Jesus in His very words: “Yes, Father, for such was thy good pleasure” (Matt. 11:26). In this way our obedience will be like that of Jesus, supernatural; we shall obey human beings for the love of God; we shall really be obeying God Himself, in the persons of those He has placed over us. By the example of His hidden life our Lord set the principle for the religious life, particularly for that in contemplative orders. Jesus “advanced in wisdom and grace before God and men.” Although He possesed all wisdom and grace from the first moment of His mortal life, He manifested them only gradually and in a way that was in keeping with His years. We can obtain much merit before God without doing any striking actions, by merely being humble and obedient in the place of life in which it has pleased God to put us. If Christ the Son of God, God Himself, was content to be humble, poor, and unknown, to do common tasks day by day for the greater part of His earthly life, is there any reason why we should be ever trying to exalt ourselves, to attract admiration, ever to feed our vanity? This article has been taken from “My Catholic Faith” I am not the author merely the distributor. God Bless BJS!! “And she brought forth her firstborn son, and wrapped him in swaddling clothes, and laid him in a manger, because there was no room for them in the inn. And there were shepherds in the same district living in the fields and keeping watch over their flock by night. And behold, an angel of the Lord stood by them and the glory of God shone round about them, and they feared exceedingly. And the angel said to them, ‘Do not be afraid, for behold, I bring you good news of ,great joy which shall be to all the people; for there has been born to you today in the town of David a Saviour, who is Christ the Lord’ “ When was Christ born? –Christ was born of the Blessed Virgin Mary on Christmas Day, in Bethlehem, more than nineteen hundred years ago. - When Jesus Christ was born, the Jews were no longer independent. In 64 B.C. Pompey reduced their kingdom and subjected it to Rome. Because the Jews were always plotting rebellion against Rome, the Jewish king was replaced by Herod, a Gentile, the first non-Jew to become king. Thus the scepter was “taken away from Juda”, and the time predicted for the Messias had arrived. - Today we reckon dates from the birth of Christ. This has been the continuous custom since the time of Charlemagne, although many rulers from the 5th century had adopted the practice. However, there is an error of some four to six years. Generally, it is supposed, as a matter of historical fact, that Christ was born 7-5 B.C. An error in the calculation of dates in later centuries produced this anomaly. - Bethlehem is a little town in Judea, near the city of Jerusalem. Joseph and Mary went there in obedience to the Emperor at Rome, who had commanded all his subjects to register in the towns of their ancestors. Joseph and Mary were both descended from King David, whose city was Bethlehem; this is why they went to register there. They tried to find a place to stay in, even for only a night, but could find refuge nowhere. And so they sought shelter in a poor stable; there Jesus was born. - Jesus was born in a stable, a poor place. He preferred poverty and humiliation in order to suffer more for us. He wished to show Himself a friend of the poor, and to teach that the best way to heaven is through humility, and detachment from worldly goods. - The Church celebrates the Nativity on December 25. The feast is called Christmas. On this day every priest is granted the privilege of saying three Masses: one in commemoration of Christ’s eternal birth from God the Father; another in remembrance of His temporal birth of the Blessed Virgin Mary; and a third to recall His spiritual birth in the hearts of the faithful. The word “Christmas” comes from Christ and Mass The feast is so called because on that day the Mass commemorating the birth of Christ is said. - An angel appeared to shepherds and told them of the Nativity. A star led three Magi (Wise Men) to Bethlehem. The shepherds represented the poor. The Magi represented the rich. All offered their gifts to the Infant Jesus. Our Lord does not look at the price of our gifts, but at the purity of our hearts. The Church commemorates the adoration of the Magi on the Feast of the Epiphany, January 6. “Epiphany” means manifestation. In the persons of the Magi, who were not Jews, Our Lord was manifested to all nations of the earth, who were at the time lost in paganism. With the Magi, we are called to the Truth; the Old Testament was ended, and the world had entered upon a new Covenant with God. And if, like the Magi we offer Jesus Christ the gold of our love, the myrrh of self-sacrifice, and the incense of our prayers, we too shall be united with God. - Many churches and homes set up a crib at Christmas. This custom, although of very ancient origin, was popularized by St. Francis of Assisi. In the year 1223, he visited Pope Honorius III and sought approval of his plans to make a scenic representation of the Nativity. Having obtained the Pope’s consent, Francis left Rome, and arrived at Greccio on Christmas Eve. There in the church he constructed a crib, grouping around it images of the Blessed Virgin and St. Joseph, of the shepherds, the ox, and the ass. At the midnight Mass St. Francis acted as deacon. After singing the words of he Gospel, “And they laid Him in a manger” , he knelt down to meditate on the great gift of the Incarnation. And people around saw in his arms a Child, surrounded by a most brilliant light. Since then the devotion to the crib has spread far and wide. The crib remains in church until the octave day of the Epiphany. At the proper time the images of the Three Kings and their retinue are added, making a daily advance towards the crib.Most homes also set up a decorated Christmas tree. It is a reminder of the tree of the cross. The boxes of Christmas gifts remind us of the great Gift that God sent us.Santa Claus, the jolly and beloved distributor of Christmas gifts, is an American adoption of St. Nicholas, Bishop of Myra, of the fourth century. This Saint is popular in Germany, Switzerland, and the Netherlands, where he is made the secret purveyor of gifts to children on December 6, his feast day. The custom was brought to New York by the Dutch, quickly spread throughout the United States and became absorbed into the Christmas celebration. What incidents in Our Lord’s life were closely connected with the Nativity? –The following incidents in Our Lord’s life were closely connected with the Nativity: the Circumcision, the Presentation, and the flight to Egypt. - The Child received the name Jesus when He was eight days old. He was circumcised, according to the custom of the Jews. At the Circumcision Jesus began His role of Mediator between God and man, shedding His blood for the first time for us.“Thou shalt call his name Jesus, for He shall save his people front their sins” (Matt. 1:21). “Therefore God . . . has bestowed upon him the name that is above every name, so that at the name of Jesus, every knee should bend, of those in heaven, on earth, and under the earth” (Phil. 2:9,10). “If you ask the Father anything in my name. he will give it to you” (John 16:23). The feast of the Circumcision is celebrated on New Year’s Day. Thus the Church teaches us to begin everything in the name of Jesus. - When Jesus was forty days old, His Mother presented Him in the Temple at Jerusalem. In imitation, though the rite is essentially different, mothers today after childbirth seek the blessing of the Church in a thanksgiving ceremony called “churching”. The feast of the Presentation is celebrated on February 2. It is also called the purification of the Blessed Virgin, or Candlemas Day. On this day candles are blessed and carried in procession, in memory of the words of holy Simeon, when Jesus was presented in the Temple. He said Our Lord was “a Light of revelation to the Gentiles”. - Mary and Joseph took the Child Jesus to Egypt to save Him from King Herod, who wanted to kill Him. An angel appeared to Joseph and told him to take the Child Jesus and His mother away to Egypt. They stayed in Egypt until the death of King Herod. Then an angel appeared to Joseph and bade him return to the land of the Jews. This article has been taken from “My Catholic Faith” I am not the author merely the distributor. God Bless BJS!!

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Welcome back to the next instalment of Development for Designers! If you missed the last article, please do give it a read. In this article I will discuss a school of thinking which arguably bridges the gap between development and design. The catch-phrase, keyword or concept that you need to get seriously familiar with is “Atomic Design”. Atomic Design was coined as: “…a methodology for creating design systems.” – Brad Frost To me, this was a breakthrough. As a developer I know that logic is built up from the smallest concepts; variables, arrays, functions, classes. As a designer, the same applies. I can build something complex from selecting complementary colours, fonts, positive or negative space, and shape. Indeed, it’s one giant metaphor for our own human existence. Essentially, Atomic Design works as follows: atoms form molecules, molecules form organisms. Organisms can be complex or simple. A bacteria or a human being sitting behind this computer writing about the very concept. We are all examples of Atomic Design. This very methodology is characterised perfectly for web experiences, the IoT (Internet of Things), or mobile development, as it provides an architecture that solidifies simplicity to create something complex. After all, isn’t simplicity the ultimate sophistication? Systems, Not Pages Atomic Design is a system. A system that works together with multiple parts to create something unique. It’s a system that can be understood whether you are a designer or a developer, and thus, makes both jobs easy to maintain, change, and push forward. Not to mention, it also relieves stress and pressure if, say, a key designer or developer needs to be replaced or leave a team. Here’s a quick overview: Atoms are the basic building blocks; entities which can’t be broken down any further whilst still remaining functional. They are the HTML tags such as Atoms can also be used for colour palettes or fonts. It would be good to note, however, that atoms can be fairly abstract on their own without context. A well-defined atom will produce a well-formed molecule. Molecules are combinations and arrangements of atoms. Essentially the backbone of your design system. A molecule would be something like navigation or a search form, comprising for example an <label> atom, and a <button> atom. Along with a few more if you felt like creating a complex molecule. An organism builds even further, giving us a combination of molecules. The entire header of a website may be considered an organism. From its base structure, it involves a unique arrangement of atoms and molecules to create a complex organism. A footer section would be considered an organism. If we look at it in context, the product grid within a WooCommerce template would be considered an organism; it repeats the same molecule with different content, or even the same atoms with different values for each. Although this section doesn’t really have anything to do with the analogy Brad has been building up, templates can be used or reused to display arrangements of organisms. At this point, layout becomes really essential. Humans start as simple cells, grow to a foetus, a fully formed baby, child, teenager, young adult, and we’ll stop the analogy when we get to our prime. The prime template being an aesthetically pleasing, semantic arrangement of organisms, molecules and atoms. Essentially, we are referring to wireframes that have been developed over time. When a template reaches prime, and we flesh it out with images, content and copywriting, etc., we have a page. A page, for instance, would be uploaded to a tool like InVision for basic user testing before going into development. I will leave you with a few final thoughts. There is no right way to handle the relationship between developers and designers. Building a web experience—be it a website, platform, network, SaaS, or PaaS—is about combining the talents and insights of both designers and developers. The one cannot live without the other. Thus, no project should ever be void of either designer or developer. I’m hoping by the end of this series that you will understand what I’m getting at in a better light, and maybe it will give you some ideas on how to work better with your team-mates. I would also like to mention that as much as this series is focused on developers and designers, it doesn’t mean to say that I don’t acknowledge content managers or copywriters; your work is just as paramount when it comes to making a web experience great. Now that you have an understanding of Atomic Design, we can really get to work fleshing out how it transcends into design and development. In the coming articles we are going to deep dive into the respective worlds of front and back-end. If you are a designer, or even a beginner developer, the next two articles will help you gain the requisite foundational knowledge. If you’re coming from the design world, or even print, moving toward development, the concepts that I’ll be explaining will help you close the gap in understanding that is the transition from design to development.

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en

It starts with a shortness of the breath. Then, as the masses of coal dust build up and start to attack the lung tissue, the coalminer is left coughing up blood. Eventually, the disease will kill them. Black Lung disease, otherwise known was coalminers pneumoconiosis, was eradicated in Australia decades ago. Increased safety standards, combined with an awareness of the risks, meant that this was a workplace risk that had been, until recently negated. In November 2015, however, Percy Verrall became the first Australian in 30 years to be diagnosed with the disease. What has followed has been a staggering insight into the multiple failures that allowed black lung disease to return: mining companies operating at unsafe dust levels, medical practitioners not trained to identify the disease, and a lack of proper health checks for workers in one of our most dangerous industries. To date, 14 miners have been confirmed to have the disease - and that number is expected to rise. Read more about Percy's story at Dust to Dust: Make Black Lung history.

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https://www.cfmmeu.org.au/campaigns/dust-dust

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We are still having some issues with oak trees dying or looking bad, some with dieback or thinning, and we have lost several big Post Oaks and Blackjack trees in different areas of Cooke County recently, and for the past four years really. Most of the problems encountered are with Post Oaks because that is what we have the most of here. No one wants to lose a big oak around the house that provides shade and improves your properties’ looks and value. Major diseases of oaks include Sudden Oak Death, Oak Decline, Hypoxylon Cankers and forms of root rot like Armillaria Root Rot or Phytophthora Root Rot. So what is the problem and how do we deal with it? One problem I see is called Oak Decline (die back) where a tree starts thinning in the canopy, leaves drop at odd times of the year and just an overall unhealthy appearance of the oak tree. This can take a few months to several years to eventually kill the tree depending on the severity of the stress it has been under. This is usually caused by stress like excessive rainfall or being watered too much if you’re irrigating your lawn. The opposite stress of excessive moisture is drought which can also put unusual burdens on the tree’s vascular and immune system. The other problem I see is root rot. One in particular called Phytophthora can survive in the soil for years, as long as moist conditions persist, which we have had all winter and now spring. It can spread through splashing rain, irrigation water and runoff water. Disease fungi can spread through contaminated soil and garden equipment as well. Root rots are more likely to spread in early spring and late fall during cool, rainy weather. Flooded and saturated soil conditions are especially conducive to the spread of root rots. And wounds are not required for infection but can spread that way. So is there anything we use to treat and possible save our trees? One can use a tree macro-injection system like they use for Oak Wilt but it is expensive, to the tune of about $300 a tree, and takes 24-48 hours to treat. Products to use as an injection would be Alamo, Propriconazole, Kestrel and Tebuject. For over four years, when I see dieback and thinning of oak trees, especially Post Oaks, I have been suggesting to folks a systemic fungicide called Agri-Fos with Pentra-Bark that helps build a stronger immune and vascular system for the sick tree. And we have had amazing results using this product if the tree is not too far gone. There is no proof that this is a cure but I do have proof that after treatment that most of the trees treated did a complete turnaround and some that looked awful are now healthy attractive trees. This product is a much cheaper treatment than the macro-injection system and can be applied with only a handheld sprayer compared to the purchase of an injection system. Agri-Fos is a great product but will not work effectively without adding the surfactant Pentra-Bark which drives it into the tree’s vascular system for maximum effectiveness. Agri-Fos/Pentra-Bark comes in different sizes but it is usually cheaper buying it in the half-gallon size, which usually runs about $75. In a handheld one to three-gallon sprayer, mix the half-gallon of Agri-Fos with a half-gallon of water and the three ounces of Pentra-Bark. This will treat three or four trees with a diameter of 10-15 inches by soaking the entire trunk of the tree from the ground up to 10 or 12 feet. It is not necessary to spray the foliage, only the trunk. If you have further questions about managing your oaks or any tree, contact me at firstname.lastname@example.org or call 940-668-5412. Marty Morgan is Cooke County Ag Agent for the Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service. Reach him at 940-668-5412 or email@example.com.

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https://www.gainesvilleregister.com/opinion/columns/morgan-what-s-wrong-with-my-oak-trees/article_dc95e502-8e2c-11e9-921a-67226a9588e3.html

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en

US Museum Shows History of Teeth and Dentist Tools Most people do not look forward to going to the dentist. But they might actually enjoy visiting an American museum that explores the history of teeth and dentistry. The Dr. Samuel D. Harris National Museum of Dentistry is at the University of Maryland in Baltimore. It was the world’s first college to train dentists. A man named G.V. Black was one of the founders of modern U.S. dentistry in the 1800s. Visitors to the museum can look at a reproduction of Black’s dentist office. When he treated patients, he had no electricity for light. So his office, like many others, had large windows. Chairs for patients often faced south to help dentists work by sunlight. Patrick Cutter is a researcher at the museum. “What we’re looking at here is kind of an early idea of what a dentist office would have looked like. But most of the time a dentist would have actually just been a traveling dentist, so he would have went from town square to town square.” With more than 40,000 items, the museum contains one of the largest dental collections in the world. Visitors can see some of the tools used by early dentists to work on patients. Some of the old equipment looks more like torture devices than dental instruments. Others shown seem fit for kings and queens. For example, Queen Victoria’s dentist used instruments made of gold and pearls. The museum shows many examples of false teeth, along with explanations about the kinds of materials used to make them. One of the most popular areas shows a set of false teeth once worn by America’s first president, George Washington. But the museum corrects a widely believed story that Washington’s false teeth were wooden. They were actually made of animal bone. Historians believe the false teeth made it difficult for Washington to eat and speak. They say this is likely why his second inaugural speech contained just 135 words – the shortest in history. Some early tools used to clean teeth were also made from animal parts, the museum’s Patrick Cutter explains. “Some of the older toothbrushes that were actually made out of animal bone.” The cleaning end of the brushes often came from the hair of cows or other animals. The museum also shows teeth from a mix of animals and notes how they are different from human teeth. In addition, visitors can explore how teeth have long been used to solve mysteries and crimes. And, they can see the history of tooth replacement and learn about new technology that could grow replacement teeth. One part of the museum, called Mouthpower, contains large toothbrushes and mouths. The models show how bacteria can damage the teeth and let people practice cleaning methods. While visitors to this unusual museum might at times feel like they are in a dentist office, the experience is sure to be a lot more pleasant. Article from: https://learningenglish.voanews.com/a/us-museum-shows-history-of-teeth-and-dental-tools/4396942.html

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https://www.greenwichfamilydental.com/dentist/us-museum-shows-history-of-teeth-and-dentist-tools/

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Graphics, images and figures – visual representations of scientific data and concepts – are critical components of science and engineering research. They communicate in ways that words cannot. They can clarify or strengthen an argument and spur interest into the research process. But it is important to remember that a visual representation of a scientific concept or data is a re-presentation and not the thing itself – some interpretation or translation is always involved. Just as writing a journal article, one must carefully plan a representation and decide what to say, and in what order to say it. The process requires clear thinking and the ability to communicate, and to entice the viewer to choose to look. This talk will include examples of Felice Frankel’s attempts in creating various representations; some more successful than others. She will discuss the iterative process of getting from “here” to “there,” making representations that are more than good enough. Science photographer Felice Frankel is a research scientist in the Center for Materials Science and Engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology with additional support from Chemical Engineering, Materials Science and Engineering, and Mechanical Engineering. She is a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, a Guggenheim Fellow, and was a Senior Research Fellow in Harvard University’s Faculty of Arts and Sciences and a Visiting Scholar at Harvard Medical School’s Department of Systems Biology.

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https://www.northeastern.edu/visualization/events/felice-frankel-more-than-pretty-pictures-nuvis/

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Technology and Performance Analysis Tools Use these technology and performance analysis models and tools developed or supported by NREL to assess, analyze, and optimize renewable energy and energy efficiency technologies for your project. Many of these tools can be applied on a global, regional, local, or project basis. NREL models and tools include several designed for the consumer or energy professional. Determine which supply chain changes would have the greatest potential to accelerate the deployment of biofuels. Helps building designers and owners save money, reduce energy use, and improve indoor air quality. Designed to provide easy access to geothermal resource datasets and other data relevant to utility-scale geothermal power projects. Estimates the electricity production of a grid-connected roof- or ground-mounted photovoltaic system based on a few simple inputs. Determine optimal production and delivery scenarios for hydrogen, with this geospatial and temporal infrastructure analysis model. Use NREL's geospatial toolkit to visualize solar and wind resource data in 13 developing countries. Tribes and others can conduct their own analyses of installed energy projects and resource potential on tribal lands.

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https://www.nrel.gov/analysis/technology-analysis-tools.html

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Students have always shown a liking for computer science as a subject. It lets them understand and familiarize themselves with the various parts of a computer. It teaches them how to deal with the various computer related problems. In the process of learning the subject, you will be given several computer science assignments to do. The online computer science assignment experts are here to give you a few pointers to focus on when doing an assignment. - Understand the questions Every exam or assignment will have a million questions. Comprehending the questions is one of the most basic requirements in attempting the answers the proper way. You have to read and understand the questions asked and prepare and write the answers within the word limit. You should be able to get a clear idea as to how much time you will need to spend writing the answers and making the title page, formatting the assignment and referencing. - As per the questions asked, do proper research Research has always been an important part of an assignment as you have to look for the right information for your assignments. Therefore, keep the requirements of the questions in mind and look for the answers from sources like books and the internet. You can even ask your teacher for help and other subject experts. - Make the charts properly When it comes to doing a computer science assignment, you will have to make diagrams. The diagrams have a lot of importance in the paper and can fetch you good grades. Therefore, draw the charts and make sure you give all the details needed to explain it. - Take a break in the writing process The process of writing an assignment can be challenging. It is understood that sitting in one place for hours and writing is not something a youngster would enjoy. You can’t keep writing for long hours without taking a break, even if you enjoy it. It is important to take breaks in between. - Proofreading and editing is important One of the most important things you have to remember is that once you’ve completed the assignment, you have to proofread and edit the paper. It will help you check and edit the spelling and grammatical mistakes you have made while doing the assignment. Remember these things; they work wonders when it comes to doing an assignment.

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https://www.onlineassignmentexpert.com/blog/focusing-important-things-writing-computer-science-assignment/

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Suss the Bus! Yr 6 pupils in their final term consider their new school journey and prepare to travel by bus. View the video which encourage pupils to Suss the Bus and travel safely on their way to and from school. Bus verses Other Vehicles A useful illustration of how environmentally-friendly a bus is compared to other vehicles. The Consequences of Bad Behaviour on the Bus A class discussion on the consequences of bad behaviour on the bus. Travelling by Bus Exploring choices pupils make when travelling by bus, covering rules, rights and responsibilities.

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https://www.sgsteachingresources.co.uk/resources/transition

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Irrigation solution (Wash or rinse) Cleans and rinses areas of your body. You may need this because of a wound (such as a cut, scrape, or burn), surgery, or contact with something irritating (such as a chemical, medicine, or pollen). BSS, Curity Sterile Saline, Curity Sterile Water, Good Sense Saline Wound Wash, Physiolyte, Physiosol, Renacidin, Rite Aid First Aid Saline Wound Wash, SalJet, Saljet Rinse, Tis-U-SolThere may be other brand names for this medicine. When This Medicine Should Not Be Used:You should not use this medicine if you are allergic to any of the ingredients. If you are using this medicine without a prescription, read the label on the package to find out the ingredients. If your doctor will be using this medicine during surgery or another procedure, make sure your doctor knows about any allergies you have. How to Use This Medicine: - Your doctor will tell you how much medicine to use. Do not use more than directed. - Follow the instructions on the medicine label if you are using this medicine without a prescription. - Wash your hands with soap and water before and after you use this medicine. - Do not swallow this liquid. - Do not let the medicine container touch your broken or injured skin. If you are using this medicine in your eye, do not let the container touch your eye. - If this medicine comes in a spray can, do not inhale the spray or use it near heat, open flame, or while smoking. Do not puncture, break, or burn the aerosol can. You might need to spray a little of the medicine in the air before using it on your skin. This will clear out the spray nozzle. - Do not cover the treated area with a bandage unless directed by your doctor. How to Store and Dispose of This Medicine: - Store the medicine in a closed container at room temperature, away from heat, moisture, and direct light. Do not store the aerosol spray near heat or fire. - Ask your pharmacist, doctor, or health caregiver about the best way to dispose of any outdated medicine or medicine no longer needed. - Keep all medicine out of the reach of children. Never share your medicine with anyone. Drugs and Foods to Avoid: Ask your doctor or pharmacist before using any other medicine, including over-the-counter medicines, vitamins, and herbal products. Warnings While Using This Medicine: - Make sure your doctor knows if you are pregnant or breast feeding. - Make sure your doctor knows if you have diabetes. - If this medicine was used in your eye, call your doctor if you start to have eye pain or vision changes after using this medicine. Possible Side Effects While Using This Medicine: Call your doctor right away if you notice any of these side effects: - Allergic reaction: Itching or hives, swelling in your face or hands, swelling or tingling in your mouth or throat, chest tightness, trouble breathing If you notice these less serious side effects, talk with your doctor: - Treated area does not get better or gets worse. If you notice other side effects that you think are caused by this medicine, tell your doctor Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 Last Updated: 1/27/2017

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https://www.stlukes-stl.com/health-content/drug-notes/45/5332.htm

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They also produce toxic carbon dioxide into the earth’s atmosphere contributing to the largest share of greenhouse gases that are associated with global warming. Using telematics, you're able to save somewhere between 5-20% on distance travelled. By taking an average of 7%, Teletrac Navman's solutions have helped save 1,250,000 tonnes of carbon emissions annually along with 476.9 million litres of fuel worldwide. This also equates to a $615 million (AUD) saving on fuel costs every year. With CO2 emissions increasing by 75% since 1990 in the transport sector, there is the opportunity to not only help do your part in saving the environment but see real business efficiencies and cost reductions. So what can you do? The following infographic puts into perspective exactly how much CO2 is pumped into the atmosphere and how leveraging technology can help to reduce your carbon footprint.

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https://www.teletracnavman.com.au/infographics/the-global-carbon-footprint-of-transportation

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Do Pecans Have Protein – Pecans are one of the most popular edible nuts native to North America and Mexico. The pecan tree is a large deciduous tree belonging to the hickory family. The pecan nuts with their contoured structure, crunchy texture and buttery flavor make for an interesting ingredient to include in a number of dishes, and they look pretty on the plate too. A typical pecan has a buttery rich shell which is golden brown outside and beige inside. The pecan has a sweet, rich and buttery flavor and texture which can be attributed to its high levels of monounsaturated oils. Do Pecans Have Protein – Pecan Nutrition value According to nutritionvalue.org, pecans (Serving Size 100 g) contain Calories 691, Fat 72 g, Total Carbohydrate 14 g, Fiber 9.6 g, Sugar 4 g, Saturated Fat 6.2 g, Protein 9.2 g. contain more antioxidants than any other tree nut. Pecan nuts in fact rank among the top 15 foods with the highest levels of antioxidants according to the USDA. They are also a powerhouse of vitamins and minerals such as manganese, potassium, calcium, iron, magnesium, zinc, and selenium, offering some wonderful health benefits. Heart Healthy – Pecan nuts contain monounsaturated fats such as oleic acid along with phenolic antioxidants which help reduce the risk of heart disease. Improves Digestion – Since pecan nuts are fiber-packed. Pecan nuts prevent constipation and reduce the risk of hemorrhoids and colitis by cleaning out the gastrointestinal system. Helps in Weight Loss – Research has indicated that a diet comprising of nuts such as pecans helps in losing weight. This is because nut consumption enhances satiety and increases metabolism. In addition to the healthy fats and protein in pecans, they also contain about half of your daily value of manganese, a vital nutrient that is important for weight loss and a wide range of other metabolic functions that are currently being researched. With their super nutrition profile and low-carb content, pecans also make a perfect choice for people following low-carb weight-loss plans. Reduces the Risk of Breast Cancer – Pecans contain oleic acid, a fatty acid which has been found to reduce the risk of breast cancer. Oleic acid has the ability to suppress the activity of a gene in cells thought to trigger breast cancer. While this area of study is still in its early stages, the researchers say it could eventually translate into a recommendation to eat more foods rich in oleic acid, like pecans and olive oil. A one-ounce serving of pecans provides about 25% more oleic acid than a one-tablespoon serving of olive oil. Some Skin Benefits and Hair Benefits – Pecan nuts also contain vitamin A and zinc which help achieve a clear complexion and protect against skin infections. Pecan nuts contain numerous antioxidants including ellagic acid, vitamin A and vitamin E which fight and eliminate the free radicals responsible for causing premature skin aging. And also Pecans are an excellent source of L-arginine, an amino acid which, when applied topically helps treat male pattern baldness as well as encourage the growth of healthy hair. So, stay healthy eati more pecans food to enjoy their incredible health benefits!

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http://gabrieldroberts.com/do-pecans-have-protein/

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Agri-tech can turn African Savannah into global food basket – African Development Bank The African Development Bank is championing a new regional and global effort to transform the African Savannah from a “Sleeping Giant” to the cradle of the continent’s green revolution. Akinwunmi Adesina, President, AfDB “This sleeping giant needs to wake up,” the Bank’s Vice-President for Agriculture, Human and Social Development, Jennifer Blanke, told an audience at a 2018 World Food Prize side event in Des Moines, Iowa last week. Blanke described Africa’s nearly 400 million hectares of Savannah zones as “the world’s largest agricultural frontier,” and if a small fraction of that cultivatable land – some 16 million hectares – is transformed, it could well set Africa up to decrease dependence on food imports, feed itself and contribute to feeding the world. Africa is host to 60% of the world’s uncultivated arable land, but currently spends an estimated US$35 billion per year on importing food. This figure is projected to shoot up to US$110 billion by 2025. Africa is importing what it should actually be producing: 22 million metric tons of maize, two million metric tons of soybean, one million metric tons of broiler meat and 10 million metric tons of milk produce each year. Oga Bello, Funsho Adeolu, Dayo Amusa, others star in brand new series This situation is made worse when African countries export raw goods outside the continent to be processed into consumer products imported back into Africa for purchase. In essence, Africa is exporting jobs outside the continent, and contributing to Africa’s poverty challenges. The African Development Bank has determined that the African Savannah can support the production of maize, soybean, and livestock, and transform the continent into a net exporter of these commodities. Only ten per cent of the African Savannah is under cultivation – better utilized, small sections of Africa’s grasslands could provide direct jobs for tens of millions of young people and indirect jobs for many more. Blanke, who spoke on behalf of African Development Bank President Akinwumi Adesina, noted that all of Africa’s Savannah is more than twice as large as Brazil’s “Cerrados” that launched that country’s farming economy success. She said transforming a small part of Africa’s mixed woodland grasslands, in a smart and sustainable way, can produce enough to supply all the continent’s maize, soybean, and livestock requirements. Brazil transformed its tropical Cerrados into a US$54 billion food industry within two decades through skilful development of production technologies for new crop and livestock varieties; innovative soil and crop management programs adapted to the tropics; wide-scale dissemination of new agricultural technologies; low-interest loans, and ambitious rural development programs. AU Chairperson visits Nigeria Thursday The Bank’s Technologies for African Agricultural Transformation for the Savannahs (TAAT-S) initiative seeks to transform 16 million Ha out of Africa’s 400 million Ha of Savannah into an agribusiness hive for the production of maize, soybean, and livestock. That is just about four per cent of the continent’s mixed woodland and grassland areas. If African countries can harness the available technologies with the right policies, they will rapidly raise agricultural productivity and incomes for farmers, as well as assure lower food prices for consumers. Vice President Blanke led a Bank delegation selling the merits of its TAAT-S initiative at the World Food Prize gathering. The Bank’s TAAT-S session discussed training, innovation, entrepreneurship, and policy support for the transformation of African Savannahs. To ensure effective implementation, the Bank has looked to Brazil’s agri-business success story to engage with organizations with a proven track record in tropical and conservation agriculture. These include the Brazilian Research Corporation and the Agricultural Corporation of Brazil, the Argentine Association of Zero-tillage, and the Argentine Agricultural Research Institute – all part of a systematic effort at technology introduction and adaptation. TAAT-S was launched in October 2017 in Ghana and has since been operating in Zambia, Guinea and Gabon. The Bank expects to launch TAAT-S in Uganda, Kenya, Democratic Republic of Congo, Central African Republic, and Mozambique next year. Wrestling: Adekuoroye, Oborududu, two others for World Championships When TAAT-S is fully implemented, Africa can expect to double its maize production from a current 50 million metric tons per annum to 100 million metric tons, to triple soybean production from less than three million metric tons to nine million metric tons, and to double livestock production from 8.5 million metric tons to 16 million metric tons by 2025. The TAAT-S session was part of Borlaug Dialogue International Symposium, held in conjunction with the World Food Prize Laureate Ceremony. The US$250,000 World Food Prize recognizes the accomplishments of individuals who have advanced human development by improving the quality, quantity, or availability of food in the world. African Development Bank President Adesina is the 2017 World Food Prize laureate.

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https://agr.ng/2018/10/31/agri-tech-can-turn-african-savannah-into-global-food-basket-african-development-bank/

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The Anglo-Nubian breed originated in England as a cross between the Old English Milch Goat and the Zariby and Nubian bucks imported from India, Russia, and Egypt. They have been exported to most countries from England. In the United States they are referred to as simply Nubians. The head is the distinctive breed characteristic, with the facial profile between the eyes and the muzzle being strongly convex (Roman nose). The ears are wide, pendulous and long -- extending at least one inch (2.54 cm) beyond the muzzle when held flat along the face. They lie close to the head at the temple and flare slightly out and forward at the rounded tip, forming a bell shape. The ears are not thick, and the cartilage is well-defined. The hair is short, fine and glossy. The coloring is mostly reddish, often with spots or mottling patterns. Due to their Middle-Eastern heritage, these goats can live in very hot climates and have a longer breeding season than other dairy goats. They are considered a dairy, or dual-purpose, breed. Nubians are known for a high butterfat yield in their milk, on average, 5 percent or more butterfat content. This amount is surpassed only by that of the Nigerian Dwarf, Pygmy goat and Boer goat breeds, all of which are less likely to be used for large scale milk production such as in a dairy or cheese making. Because of the higher fat content, the Nubian milk has more flavor than lower fat milks. Milk production is lower than other dairy breeds on average. Nubian does weigh at least 135 pounds (61 kilograms) and 175 pounds (79 kilograms) for bucks. The minimum height of the breed, measured at the withers, is 30 inches (76 centimeters) for does and 35 inches (88 centimeters) for bucks. Unlike other dairy breeds, Nubians have been used by some producers in the goat meat production sector. The breed is large, which brings associated rapid growth rates. Their large pendulous ears often suggest they make a good foundation for upgrading to the Boer. American Dairy Goat Association Photo by Teunie / CC https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en

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https://articles.extension.org/pages/19286/goat-breeds-nubian

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A dye-zeolite hybrid material explained What is it about? The inclusion of luminescent species into ordered channel systems leads to compounds with peculiar optical properties, which could be exploited in solar energy harvesting, information technology, and diagnostics. Zeolite L is an ideal host: it has parallel channels with small pore openings. Unfortunately, if the dye is neutral, the compounds are not stable in humid conditions because water enters in the zeolite channels and replaces the dye. The Fluorenone-Zeolite L composite is a notable exception to this rule. Aim of this work was to explain why fluorenone−zeolite L composites are stable in the presence of water. We found that water molecules do not displace fluorenone from zeolite L because fluorenone is bound to the potassium cations of the zeolite. Why is it important? For the first time, a luminescent host−guest composite was modeled at conditions close to those adopted in actual applications of zeolite-based materials. Key information, otherwise difficult to access from experiments, was obtained on the structure and stabilty of such composites. The results indicated that fluorenone resistance against water substitution was due to the strong interaction of the dye carbonyl oxygen with the zeolite extraframework potassium cations. Understanding that the potassium cations were responsible of the stability of fluorenone in the zeolite at humid conditions was particularly important, because this holds in general for carbonyl-containing dyes. The following have contributed to this page: Gloria Tabacchi

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Review of Text Chat Activities (Mark Oliver, 2015) by Peter Clements Text Chat Activities is self-published resource book from Mark Oliver. The book, published in late 2015, provides 29 ICT-based lesson tasks focusing on pair and group work. It is available as an e-book only. The introductory section gives an overview of text chat, explaining what it is and how text chat activities can benefit learners. Here’s Oliver’s description: Text chat refers to a conversation performed using an instant messaging program, such as Facebook Messenger and Whatsapp, or a chatroom website. Participants chat in real time, typing what they want to say and reading their interlocutor’s replies. They can upload documents or paste links to websites or shared files as they chat. By giving our learners practice using text chat in the target language, we help them develop an important real world skill Oliver expands on this by suggesting text chat activities can be used alongside other spoken communicative activities (rather than as a substitute for them), and can encourage pair and group interaction in class. He goes on to list further benefits of using the resources, most of which are underpinned by references to research findings. Examples include: - The demands of using text chat can force learners to use target language (Blake and Zyzik, 2003)* - As text chat is typed and has some permanence, it increases the likelihood of learners noticing responses to errors (Lai and Zhao, 2006), which is a necessity for second language acquisition (e.g. Schmidt, 1990) This section could be expanded with more feedback from learners themselves on the benefits of text chat activities. The author does reference a few studies in which learners have extolled such benefits, but could add some feedback from his own experience of using these resources. Further chapters in the introduction cover the practicalities of implementing such activities in the classroom, and are well thought out. They are short (often one or two pages), and address what seem like FAQs for text chat activities: - What issues may I face when using text chat activities? - What role does the teacher perform during the activities? - How can the teacher provide feedback on activities? The most important chapter here is the one covering issues with the use of text chat in class, and where the chat takes place. My gut feeling when I initially viewed the book was that there would be issues with safeguarding. I thought that if conversations were to take place on social media then this would pose many problems, and be impossible with most of my classes. However, Oliver explains that there are alternative online platforms (notably TodaysMeet) where teachers can create safe and secure temporary chatrooms for the class. Instructions on how to do so are provided. Regarding chat content, Oliver highlights the need to agree on the ‘text chat’ language used during activities, and stresses that rules should be made for things like abbreviations. On the topic of feedback given to learners during text chat activities, Oliver mentions the highly contentious use of recasts. However, recognising that this feedback technique has come in for criticism, he proposes an interesting alternative method which he terms a ‘hybrid recast’. I’ll let you read the book to find out more! The activities in the book are separated into two sections – pair work and group work. They follow a fairly typical EFL cookbook format, with aims, target language, level, duration, procedures, and so on all provided. The most useful thing for each activity is that the instructions for learners have been provided (and already graded), so to be copy-and-pasted into a chat window. This is good forward thinking and saves planning – it also means that an e-book format essential. Many of the activities are traditional speaking tasks adapted for the text chat medium. This is by no means negative, as the medium is the key thing here. Picture dictations, ‘guess who’, and ‘lie detector’ may be familiar to many experienced teachers, but I can see the potential in undertaking such tasks via text chat, especially for the replication of oral communication in real-time, and for the vast amount of content on which to provide feedback. There may be issues with how the teacher does this, and I will need to trial Oliver’s ‘hybrid recast’ method myself to truly evaluate it, but I can see these tasks interesting my learners. I can envisage a highly engaged class with most activities. I feel the medium of a chat room lends itself better to the group activities (debates, planning a class party, etc). The activities in general may not all replicate authentic real-world tasks (for example, you would never do a job interview via text chat), but the mode of interaction (text chat) does so I can see why the book is suggested as supplementary. One of the best features of the activities are that they often integrate further use of ICT in the classroom. Google Maps is used for an activity on directions, Wikipedia for tasks on research, YouTube for video activities, and various news websites for information exchanges. The online platform itself will likely be knew for the learners. Some sites are merely used as part of the teachers’ lesson preparation, but others form part of the procedures during activities. It’s a niche book, but it’s well worth a look – especially for the cost. The author has made an attempt to base his approach on relevant research findings and past ELT literature. It is good that most activities are familiar – it will make teachers feel more confident in trialling them through this different medium. Some ideas regarding implementation of text-chat activities could be expanded, especially regarding feedback methods, but an attempt has been made to address this. I look forward to trying out some of the ideas in class next term. Text chat activities is available on Amazon. *All references taken from Text-Chat Activities Author’s Bio: Pete Clements works for the British Council in Bangkok. He has previously taught in Spain, South Korea, Hungary, Vietnam and the UK. He holds a CELTA, DipTESOL and an MSc in Reading, Language and Cognition. His interests include supporting newly-qualified teachers and blogging for professional development. He blogs at www.eltplanning.com

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Listen live Thursday February 24, 12 Noon EST. - Misdiagnosis of HIV Infection by HIV-1 Plasma Viral Load Testing: A Case Series - False-positive HIV Diagnosis by HIV-1 Plasma Viral Load Testing - Viral Load – Faith in Quick Test Leads to Epidemic That Wasn’t - Ask the Experts about Understanding Your Labs – The Body.com - Four Papers on ‘Aids’ that Make You Say, WTF?! - MMWR 2001 – Variation among Major Brand Aids PCR 1. Polio is Toxic Poisoning The Industrial Age was marked by a constant stream of injury and accident, poisoning of the human population by metals, arsenic, and a dozen toxic compounds used in new industry. Chemical poisoning, not ‘viruses’ are the major cause of illness in the modern world: 1700s to 1970s and beyond – toxic, industrial poisoning was the norm; paralysis, illness, death occurring all too regularly: 1700 Italy: Cotton dust caused a significant outbreak of respiratory complaints (byssinosis) during the pro- cessing of cotton, flax, and soft hemp. 1767 Devonshire, England: Lead-contaminated cider caused colic; later, gout was associated with this same episode. 1700s England: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons caused excess scrotal cancer in men who were exposed as chimney sweeps. 1800s New Jersey: Mercurous nitrate used in the felting process of the hatting industry led to mercurialism. 1800s Europe: Yellow phosphorus used in the manufacture of matches led to “phossy jaw.” 1828 France: Bread and wine contaminated with arsenious acid caused an estimated 40,000 cases of polyneuropathy [major nerve damage, ie, ‘polio’ or ‘multiple sclerosis’]. 1846 Canada: Lead from soldered cans contaminated foodstuffs in the Franklin expedition. 1900s Staffordshire, England: Arsenic-contaminated sugar was used in beer manufacturing. 1900s United States and India: Naphthylamine used in the dye industry resulted in an increase of bladder cancers. 1910 Manchester, England: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were associated with scrotal cancer: 24 in active mulespinners (cotton textile factory workers), 5 in former mulespinners, 1 in a chimney sweep, and 22 in tar and paraffin workers. Shale oil was used to lubricate the spinning cotton spindles. 1915 to 1918 Ypres, Belgium: Chlorine, phosphorus, and mustard gases resulted in 100,000 dead. Overall, there were 1.2 million deaths from chemical warfare in World War I. 1920s to 1990s Worldwide: Asbestos exposure resulted in a marked increase in asbestos-related disease and cancer. 1928 Cleveland, Ohio, Cleveland Clinic: Nitrocellulose-containing x-ray film burned. Cyanide, nitrogen dioxide, and carbon monoxide were generated during pyrolysis. This resulted in 97 deaths immediately and 26 additional deaths during the next month. 1930 United States, Europe, and South Africa: Triorthocresylphosphate resulted in ginger jake paralysis, a neurotoxic disease affecting tens of people. etc., etc. The list goes on and on… 1952 – Dr Ralph Scobey testifies before a subcommittee of Congress that “Polio” is toxicological: The Poison Cause of Poliomyelitis And Obstructions To Its Investigation by Ralph R. Scobey, M.D. Syracuse, N.Y. Statement prepared for the Select Committee to Investigate the Use of Chemicals in Food Products, United States House of Representatives, Washington, D.C. From Archive Of Pediatrics (April, 1952) The disease that we now know as poliomyelitis was not designated as such until about the middle of the 19th Century. Prior to that, it was designated by many different names at various times and in different localities.1,2 The simple designations, paralysis, palsy and apoplexy, were some of the earliest names applied to what is now called poliomyelitis. Paralysis, resulting from poisoning, has probably been known since the time of Hippocrates (460-437 B.C.), Boerhaave,3 Germany, (1765) stated: “We frequently find persons rendered paralytic by exposing themselves imprudently to quicksilver, dispersed into vapors by the fire, as gilders, chemists, miners, etc., and perhaps there are other poisons, which may produce the same disease, even externally applied.” In 1824, Cooke,4 England, stated: “Among the exciting causes of the partial palsies we may reckon the poison of certain mineral substances, particularly of quick silver, arsenic, and lead. The fumes of these metals or the receptance of them in solution into the stomach, have often caused paralysis.” Colton5 (1850) mentions the case of a patient who swallowed some arsenic accidentally and was admitted to the hospital. The primary effects of the poison had been successfully combated with proper remedies, but seven days afterward he became paralyzed. It is significant to note that there was a latent period of several days before the paralysis appeared since this delayed reaction is comparable to the incubation period in infectious diseases. Vulpian6 (1879) experimentally produced paralysis of the extensor muscles of a dog by lead poisoning. The lesions, consisting in colloid degeneration and cell atrophy of the anterior horn cells of the spinal cord were pronounced by Vulpian as poliomyelitis. Adamkiewitz7 (1879) reported two parallel cases, one of poliomyelitis and one of lead poisoning. In 1881, Popow8 of St. Petersburg, published an essay upon the pathological anatomy of arsenical paralysis as produced artificially in animals. The work of Popow was carried out under the guidance of the distinguished neurologist and microscopist, Professor Mierzeyeski. Popow concluded that arsenic, even in a few hours after its ingestion, may cause acute central myelitis or acute poliomyelitis. During an epidemic of poliomyelitis in Australia in 1897, Altman 9 pointed out that phosphorous had been widely used by farmers for fertilizing that year. This observation may be of significance since in recent years organic phosphorus insecticides, such as parathion, have been suspected as possible causes of poliomyelitis. Onuff 10 (1900) reported a case of a painter [paints were lead based] with flaccid paralysis of both legs, in whom the autopsy showed lesions characteristic of poliomyelitis. Obsrastoff 11 (1902) reported a case of acute poliomyelitis resulting from arsenic poisoning. Phillippe and Gauthard 12 (1903) reported a case of anterior poliomyelitis from lead poisoning. Gossage13 (1902), writing on infantile paralysis, says: “The nerve cells or fiber may be acutely disabled by the action of some poison circulating in the blood, and it is possible that such poison would only temporarily impair their functions or so seriously affect them that recovery would be impossible.” Dr. David E. Edsall14 (1907), writing on the pathology of carbon monoxide poisoning in Osler’s System of Medicine, states: “Peripheral neuritis had repeatedly been described and poliomyelitis and disseminated encephalitis have been seen.” Collins and Martland15 (1908) reported a case of poliomyelitis in a man, 38 years of age, which resulted from the use of cyanide as a silver polish. The illness began with diarrhea, followed by headache and pain and stiffness in the back of the neck. About eight days after the onset of the illness, he became paralyzed. In discussing Collins and Martland’s paper, Larkin stated that he had seen one instance of this disease following potassium cyanide poisoning. In the spring of 1930, there occurred in Ohio, Kentucky, Alabama, Mississippi and other states an epidemic of paralysis.16,17 The patients gave a history of drinking commercial extract of ginger [Jaked Ginger, with organophosphates]. It is estimated that at the height of the epidemic there were 500 cases in Cincinnati district alone. The cause of the paralysis was subsequently shown to be triorthocresyl phosphate in a spurious Jamaica ginger. Death resulted not infrequently from respiratory paralysis similar to the bulbar paralysis deaths in poliomyelitis. On pathological examination, the anterior horn cells of the spinal cord in these cases showed lesions similar to those of poliomyelitis. Vaccination was on the rise in the 30s, 40s; and vaccination for pertussis and other ailments also Cause polio: Dr. Ralph Scobey: In 1936, during a campaign to eliminate yaws in Western Samoa by the injection of arsenicals, an epidemic of poliomyelitis appeared simultaneously.23 In one community all of the patients developed paralysis in the same lower limbs and buttocks in which they had received the injections and this pattern was repeated in 37 other villages, whereas there was no paralysis in uninoculated districts. The natives accused the injections as the cause of the epidemic of poliomyelitis. Most of the cases of paralysis occurred one to tow weeks after the injection of the arsenic. The foregoing reports indicate that poisons can cause poliomyelitis. It would appear that not any one poison in particular would be responsible for all cases of poliomyelitis but the effect of any one of several could produce the same ultimate result. When a disease is known to be caused by a poison, it is obvious that a search for a germ or virus in relation to it would not be made. Conversely, if a so-called virus is believed to be associated with the disease, then the possibility of poisoning as the cause of the disease would not be considered. It will be shown, moreover, that some so-called virus diseases and virus inclusions can be caused by poisons. All of this was KNOWN. And ignored. The Vaccine movement, promoted by the FDR Whitehouse, promoted actively, supported DDT spraying and soaking of infant’s rooms, clothes, and of children at the beach: Dr. Morton Biskind protests, to Congress, regarding the toxicity of DDT, and its role in “Polio”: Following a recent extensive trip through the South, Dr. Mobbs informed me that wherever DDT had been used intensively against polio, not only was there an epidemic of the syndrome I have described but the incidence of polio continued to rise and in fact appeared where it had not been before. This is not surprising since it is known that not only can DDT poisoning produce a condition that may easily be mistaken for polio in an epidemic but also being a nerve poison itself, may damage cells in the spinal cord and thus increase the susceptibility to the virus. In this connection, an observation reported by Dr. Albert B. Sabin in the Journal of the A.M.A. in June 1947 is significant: “Since the end of combat in the Phillipines, poliomyelitis has been among the leading causes of death in American troops. Even though only the paralytic cases are reported from there, the incidence of poliomyelitis in American troops in the Phillipines has been at least ten times as high as in the Army within the continental limits of the U.S. during the past two years. Actually, I believe that it is even higher because hundreds of cases which would have been diagnosed as dengue-like or sandfly-like fevers… under conditions which , in my opinion, would preclude the occurrence of both dengue and sandfly fever. And yet checks of the surrounding native population revealed no outbreaks of poliomyelitis.” DDT is an organochlorine, and a neurotoxin. Baby cows which drank milk from momma cows fed DDT sprayed feed develop…”Polio”: http://www.vaccinetruth.org/james_west_ddt.htm [From researcher Jim West] US Department of Agriculture found that although fodder treated with DDT caused no damage to the cows eating it, the health of their calves was severely impaired, sometimes with fatal results. The DDT was passed along from cow to calf via the milk (Van Nostrand’s Encyclopedia of Science and Engineering, Van Nostrand Reinhold 1995, v 5, p1775). DDT is a neurotoxin and the calves developed something very much like infantile poliomyelitis. Calves weren’t the only infants drinking cow milk during the early 1950s. Mothers are propagandized: “DDT is good for ME-E-E!” Says US Govt to moms. Children are doused. Polio rates hit new highs in the early 50s, after a decline, before the DDT ‘epidemic.’ The HUNT for a Vaccine is on. Researchers grind up human remains, animal remains, feces and debris, and inject it into the brains of monkeys, to “prove” one particle was causing “polio.” Roberts – Polio – A Shot in the Dark – http://reducetheburden.org/?p=2778 In 1908 two scientists working in Austria, Karl Landsteiner and Erwin Popper, reported that they might have found an ‘invisible virus’ that had caused these epidemics. They had made their discovery, they claimed, after making a suspension in water of minced diseased spinal cord from a nine-year-old victim of infantile paralysis. They had tested this noxious suspension by injecting one or two cups of it directly into the brains of two monkeys. The monkeys fell severely ill (as might have been predicted). One died and the other had its legs paralysed. The scientists then dissected the monkeys and found damage in their central nervous tissues similar to that found in human cases of infantile paralysis. Nevertheless, the following year Simon Flexner and Paul Lewis of the illustrious Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research in the US ‘proved’ a similarly made noxious soup was ‘infectious’ by injecting it into the brain of one monkey. They then extracted some fluid from its brain, injected this into another monkey, and so on through a series of monkeys, paralysing all of them in the process. Flexner and Lewis reported: ‘We failed utterly to discover bacteria… that could account for the disease [paralysis]… The infecting agent of epidemic poliomyelitis [probably] belongs to the class of the minute and filterable viruses that have not thus far been demonstrated with certainty under the microscope.’ In other words, we’ve injected a cocktail of viruses, cellular debris and DNA into a series of monkeys, and we believe that a virus, not yet identified within this noxious cocktail, is responsible! The procedure of Flexner and Lewis was just as dubious as their conclusion: they took no account of the contaminants in their mashed-up soup; they presumed what happened in monkeys would be replicated in humans; and surprisingly, given the evidence around at the time, they didn’t inject samples of cyanide or lead into the brains of monkeys to see if they also caused paralysis. In 1910 neonatologist L Emmett Holt reported: ‘Even five years ago if anyone had suggested that the disease under discussion was an infectious or contagious one, it would have been looked upon as a joke.’ Polio vaccination begins; Polio rates increase, and the percentage of severe and paralytic polio skyrockets. From contemporary reports there were nine times more polio cases in 1957 than in 1956, and that they were more serious than ever before. In the first 8 months of 1957 the Public Health Service reported, out of a total of 3,212 polio cases, there were 1,055 cases of paralysis, or 33.5% of the total. From January 1st to August 1958 there was a total of 1,638 cases of polio, with 801 of them paralytic, or 49% of the total. PARALYSIS INCREASED FOLLOWING THE SALK VACCINE An Associated Press Dispatch from Boston on August 30, 1955, reported 2,027 cases of polio in Massachusetts against 273 the same time the previous year-representing an increase of 743%. This followed the inoculation of 130,000 Massachusetts children, and the authorities banned the vaccine. Connecticut reported 276 cases in 1955, up from 144 in 1954; Vermont, 55 up from 15; Rhode Island, 122 up from 22, and Maine, 74 up The Washington D.C. Star, September 20, 1955, reported 180 cases in Washington against 136 the same time in 1954; Maryland’s Health Department reported 189 in 1955 to 134 in 1954; New York State, 764 to 469; Wisconsin, 1655 to 326. The Milwaukee Journal, on August 30, 1955, reported that the city’s schools closed indefinitely because of the polio outbreak, following inoculation with the Salk vaccine. Idaho stopped Salk inoculations completely on July 1, 1955, with this blast from State Health Director Peterson said, “I hold Salk vaccine and its manufacturers responsible for a polio outbreak that has killed 7 Idahoans and hospitalized 79.” By September 14th 1955, that state had 190 cases compared with 132 for the entire year of 1954. Newark, N.J. stopped inoculations in June, 1955, while Utah took similar action on July 12. An Associated Press dispatch on November 11, 1955, quoted Dr. Herbert Ratner, Health Commissioner of Oak Park, Illinois, who said that “English authorities in July, 1955, canceled the Salk vaccine programs as ‘too dangerous’, and all European countries, with the exception of Denmark, have discontinued their programs.” Canada also postponed its Salk vaccine program on July 29, 1955. The New York Times on May 11, 1956, reported on Supplement No. 15 of the Poliomyelitis Surveillance Report for the year which showed 12% more paralysis in 1956 than in 1955. By January 1, 1957, 17 states had rejected their supplies of Jonas Salk’s “anti-paralytic” polio vaccine. During this year very nearly half the paralytic cases and three-quarters of the non-paralytic cases in children between the ages of 5 and 14 years occurred in “vaccinated” children. The Expert Committee on Poliomyelitis of the World Health Organization stated in its Technical Report Series, No. 145 (Second Report, p. 34 Geneva, 1958) that: “It was noted in the Union of South Africa and in the USA, especially in the course of severe outbreaks in Hawaii and Chicago, that vaccination in the face of an epidemic did not appear to shorten its course. Laboratory and field studies have shown that vaccination does not prevent infection or interfere with dissemination of virus in the community.” Polio was relabeled ‘aseptic meningitis,’ and the criteria for defining ‘polio’ was changed, so that it was very difficult to give anyone a ‘polio’ diagnosis: [Krassner] After 1955, NON-paralytic polio also acquired a new name. It wasn’t until the mid-1950’s that new laboratory techniques of culturing viruses could distinguish THIS polio from its clinical twin, aseptic meningitis. Before 1960, not a single case of “aseptic meningitis” was reported. Then, it was called (non-paralytic) “polio”, and nationally had totaled 70,083 between 1951 and 1960. But from 1961 to 1992, there had been 220,365cases of aseptic meningitis. There were only 589 cases of non-paralytic polio from 1961 to 1982. Not a single case has been reported since. Non-paralytic polio may have “disappeared”. But thousands of children still experience the same symptoms as non-paralytic polio every year. Except now, it goes by another name. Besides the name game, the (presumed) decline in polio due to the Salk vaccine was also an artifact of diagnostic methodology. Prior to 1954, the diagnosis of spinal paralytic poliomyelitis followed the World Health Organization definition: “Signs and symptoms of nonparalytic polio, with the addition of partial or complete paralysis of one or more muscle groups, detected on two examinations at least 24 hours apart.” But beginning in 1955 following the introduction of the Salk vaccine, the criteria changed to conform more closely to the definition used in the (fraudulent) 1954 Salk field trials: “Unless there is residual involvement (paralysis) at least 60 days after onset, a case of poliomyelitis is not considered paralytic.” Laboratory confirmation was possible after 1955, but not required for diagnosis. Obviously, more cases of paralysis had a chance to recover within 60 days, than in 24 hours. As intended, paralytic polio decreased by 23,500 cases from 1955 to 1957. However, after 2 years of widespread uptake of the Salk vaccine, paralysis increased about 50% from 1957 to 1958, and about 80% from 1958 to 1959. (The Sabin oral vaccine supplanted Salk’s by 1961.) It’s necessary to remember that polio was viewed as mostly, 90 to 95%, non-paralytic. Minor illness: 4–8% Non-paralytic aseptic meningitis: 1–2% Paralytic poliomyelitis: 0.1–0.5% Now, the polio ‘bug’ is considered to cause about .5% rate of paralysis. In other words, it is believed to be 99.5% non-paralysis inducing. But, this ignores all toxicological poisoning. And then there’s this: Most people around the world already tested “positive’ for the little stomach bug BEFORE they were vaccinated. And none of them had “polio”, ie, illness and paralysis: Roberts: Polio – A Shot in the Dark Other holes started to appear in the virus theory. During WWII army doctors found widespread immunity to the suspected poliovirus, and no evidence of infantile paralysis epidemics, in the Middle East, Asia and Africa. In Turkey they found people who called infantile paralysis ‘the American disease’. The doctors were surprised: immunity to the virus presumably meant that it had infected the population. So, how come it caused no epidemics in these countries? Salk claimed that his vaccine protected ‘30 to 90 per cent’ of those who received it (a remarkably vague statistic). But more than 60 per cent could have been immune already, at least according to the theory of the US federal agency the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) that working-class children were already immune as a result of exposure to the virus in dirt. It is not known if Salk ever checked to see if children were already immune before he vaccinated them, but Hilary Koprowski reported in 1957 that the inhabitants of the Congo were 85 per cent immune before they ever saw a dose of polio vaccine. (Amazingly this didn’t stop Koprowski. He went on to uselessly administer to them hundreds of thousands of doses of his experimental vaccine.) Also, it should be noted that most cases of “polio” today are, in fact, not ‘associated’ with the little stomach bug (a tiny particle, about 1/1000th the size of a cell). These cases, the majority of paralysis occuring, are called “non-poliomyelitis acute flaccid paralysis,” or, Non-polio polio! These cases occur in countries which use – organophosphate and organochlorine pesticides… go figure… The medical authorities now ‘associate’ many ‘viruses’ with non-polio polio. Epstein Barr, Guillan-Barre’, Coxsackie, and West Nile. But they still don’t want to look at toxicology. Because, as a wise man once said, “You can’t sue a virus.” So, why do we vaccinated everyone in the world against a bug that doesn’t cause illness? And what are we ‘vaccinating’ them with? What are the proteins, contaminants, bacteria, mycoplasma, heavy metals, adjuvants, and other contaminants? And what do they do in the body? Here’s an answer: Polio incidence increased after vaccination. Polio Vaccination was considered a morbid disaster of ruinous proportions in the 50s. Paralysis rates shot up exponentially. Children were quickly paralyzed, and in the arm WHERE they were injected. The medical establishment to you: “Huh! What a coincidence!” You to the medical establishment: ???????? … !!!!!!

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This is a Fantastic book written by Michael Rosen who happens to be a wonderful author of young children’s books and when we began learning about prepositions in Nursery, this book was a fun way to get the whole group involved! If you haven’t had it taken home by your child at any time, let us know and you can borrow it, in this cold weather with a cup of hot cocoa under the blankets all snug, it’s a great read! As you know, a preposition is a tricky word and in Nursery it was just as tricky, until they learned all about it on a bear hunt! This story took us through tall grass, under cold water, on top of slushy mud, in a snow storm, over and around a forest and into the bear’s cave! We had, along with the book, 5 bottles representing each place we had to cross, and as we sang, “We’re going on a bear hunt; we’re going catch a big one! What a Beautiful day! We’re not scared…” we would encounter a bottle filled with grass and we had to pretend to go through it. We also had picture cards to match and the group learned sequencing, labels and positions all in a simple story time. We then put this all on a tray on the shelf and it was amazing, they all took turns putting it in order, the cards and the bottles and would even insist on using the book and would turn the pages as they sang the story! And since we were learning prepositions from Mr. Bear, we made a salt tray with the letter B b for tracing as interest arose. I can tell you by the end of the week we all knew and recognized the letter B! We took it to body and movement in the back play area with a fun obstacle course in which they had to go around a pond, over a mountain, under and through a cave and jump in a hoop and over instruments! What fun they had saying the prepositions while moving their bodies! And as their friends waited for their turn they would call out, “jump over! Go under! Go Around!” Prepositions have never been more fun! If you would like to see Michael Rosen tell his book “We’re going on a Bear Hunt” see this link for his youtube video and enjoy! A May é professora do Nursery.

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Adding CHP to the mix Mike Hefford examines the benefits of using combined heat and power as the source for heat networks, and how they can be optimised for efficiency and sustainability. To reduce carbon and cut heating bills, the government has committed to building and extending heat networks across the country, underpinned by public funding until 2021. At Remeha, we define a heat network as utilising renewable or low carbon gas-fired equipment operating on low temperatures to distribute heat to a number of domestic or non-domestic buildings. In contrast, a district heating network is typically associated with higher temperatures and a varied heat source from process or large industrial sites. Most modern heat networks currently serve one or more buildings with multiple occupants from a central energy plantroom. In individual multiple-occupancy buildings, such as residential developments, heating and hot water are typically controlled by the end user using heat interface units (HIUs). While a number of different heat sources can be used in a heat network, a low carbon technology like combined heat and power (CHP) can dramatically reduce both energy costs and emissions. CHP operates by converting a single fuel – usually natural gas – into both electricity and heat in a single process at the point of use. This ability to generate heat and power simultaneously makes CHP approximately 30% more efficient than relying on traditional heating plant and electricity supplied solely from the grid. In addition to the lower energy costs and improved environmental performance, CHP provides greater energy security for building owners and operators, reducing reliance on carbonbased energy while producing electricity at gas prices. The Eclipse student accommodation plantroom fitted with Remeha boilers Collaborating for efficiency As with all technology, the end performance of CHP in a heat network is determined by its application. So how to maximise the efficiency of a CHP-powered heat network? A heat network will typically integrate CHP with a combination of heat sources – for example, gas-fired condensing boilers, gas absorption heat pumps or HIUs. Successful integration of the equipment is essential to achieve an effective heat network that delivers the anticipated financial or carbon savings – and this begins at the design stage. However, designers can’t be expected to know every detail about every product. But by tapping into the expert product knowledge of experienced suppliers at the early stages, and using them as a technical resource, designers could save themselves time and fees while maximising system efficiency. Take the feasibility study, the starting point of any heat network using CHP as the main heat source. Good suppliers will be able to provide an informed CHP advisor to assist with the scoping. At this point, they can also answer fundamental questions that may help shape the design philosophy. Is CHP the right solution for the unique requirements of this heat network? Have the features, usage patterns and infrastructure been taken into account? Is the heat network future-proofed to meet future energy demands? Sharing the heat load The next consideration is sizing. Accurate sizing is essential to minimise the total costs of energy supply for the site. How the CHP is sized will determine the design as condensing boilers may need to be specified alongside to meet peak demand. Is the CHP sized on thermal output or electrically led? This may influence the decision to use buffer vessels to smooth the heat demand, reduce boiler use and maximise electricity production. During the feasibility study, baseload calculations have traditionally been the best way to size CHP both electrically and thermally. However, the need to meet compliance tends to lead to oversizing CHP – which will cause the unit to shut down when demand is low. Unfortunately, there is no straightforward way to size CHP as each project needs to be assessed on a separate basis. So, consulting with suppliers early enough may help designers to achieve the optimum sizing for each individual application. While each heating system should be designed specifically to meet the requirements of a building, experienced suppliers are likely to have seen a similar scenario before. As a result, they may be able to supply schematics or exemplar designs that illustrate the overall design philosophy, saving time and fees. Perhaps most importantly, having seen the end result, they may also be able to advise against possible pitfalls. Will combining CHP with a certain technology affect the overall efficiency of the heat network? Sometimes achieving the most effective outcome comes down to asking the supplier the right questions at the right time. Eclipse luxury student accommodation in Cardiff powered by Remeha CHP Defend the design Encouraging greater collaboration between the project team from the outset helps the project team buy into the design, preventing potentially detrimental value engineering. For example, HIUs offer numerous benefits in heat networks serving residential properties as they are easy to install and maintain. However, if one particular HIU model performs better than another at lower temperature circuits, switching the specified product on a 70°C/40°C CHP-led heat network design could adversely affect system performance. Tailored control solution Building Services Compliance Regulations stipulate that CHP in new and existing buildings should have a control system that, as a minimum, ensures that the CHP unit operates as the lead heat generator. But this is just the starting point. To ensure that the heat network functions as conceived, achieving the maximum efficiencies and savings, a holistic approach to system control is required. As the various components in a heat network design may have unique temperature limitations, engaging with the supplier early in the project is particularly important. They advise on how best to control the system to optimise performance. Towards a low carbon future The Association for Decentralised Energy (ADE) says that gas CHP will continue to reduce carbon emissions by up to 30% far into the 2030s. Heat networks powered by CHP can offer reliable, easy-to-maintain heating solutions that will deliver energy and emission savings and greater resilience. The Energy Technology Institute suggests that nearly half the UK’s existing heat demand could be economically connected to heat networks. As such, heat networks powered by CHP offer huge opportunities for the building services sector – especially if a more collaborative approach is adopted from the outset to ensure that the significant potential benefits are achieved. Mike Hefford is Remeha CHP’s general manager

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Developing area studies programs at colleges and universities remains one of the Rockefeller Foundation’s (RF) lasting contributions to higher education. These interdisciplinary programs combined language training, geography, anthropology, history, economics and political science in a comprehensive approach to the study of world cultures. The RF had long been instrumental in fostering the growth of academic departments in the humanities and social sciences. In the wake of World War II, however, it attempted to integrate existing departments in new ways. Carnegie Corporation (CC), the Ford Foundation (FF), and the U.S. government would also significantly support area studies, but the initial exploratory conversations began at the RF before the war had even ended. The first move was an exploratory conference convened by the RF in 1944, which brought together RF officers, representatives from CC, university scholars, and “area men” with experience in wartime military training programs. “The Shrunken and Interdependent World” Area studies programs were designed to make university education more relevant to a changed world, and consequently strived to bridge pure scholarship and practical instruction. Schools that adopted area studies programs sought to increase undergraduate awareness of foreign cultures and to encourage academic research that would deepen international understanding. At the same time, their graduate programs aimed to produce Ph.D.s to meet the government’s increasing demand for policy analysts, diplomats, and civil servants. As Charles B. Fahs, assistant director of the RF Humanities Division, explained, “[W]ith the United States catapulted into world leadership, it has been necessary to pursue simultaneously the dual objectives of cultural enrichment and the strengthening of national capacities for sound foreign policy.” The idea for area studies grew out of the Army Specialized Training Program (ASTP), which had used U.S. land-grant universities to train specialists quickly for the war effort. RF funding had supported the development of language programs by the American Council of Learned Societies (ACLS) that proved readily adaptable to military training. Similarly, the Foundation’s funding to the Social Science Research Council (SSRC) had enabled the wartime Ethnogeographic Board to assemble research portfolios on countries of engagement. As these programs wound down, the RF became interested in mobilizing these connections to support peacetime inquiry. Beginning with Columbia University’s Russian Institute in 1946, the Foundation steadily underwrote the founding of programs in Eastern European, Asian, African and Latin American studies at major U.S. universities throughout the 1940s and 1950s. These programs offered a model for understanding cultures once marginal to U.S. scholarship that emerged as centers of global concern. At the same time, the RF also supported American studies programs in the U.S. and abroad, as well as international relations programs, all geared to respond to the transformations of postwar geopolitics. While the FF would eventually take area studies to a larger scale in the 1960s, the initial programs were a coordinated effort by the RF and CC to work with and reconfigure the strongest existing university centers. Restructuring Research Concerns RF success in establishing area studies programs built on its earlier encouragement of the social sciences as definable, rigorous, methodologically sound fields (enacted largely through the Laura Spelman Rockefeller Memorial (LSRM) in the 1920s), which had come to fruition by the 1940s. The effects of the war, however, did shift the RF’s earlier priorities away from “pure,” disinterested academic scholarship toward an overt consideration of international relations. As RF President Chester Barnard quipped in 1950, “[O]rthodox disciplines are, I think, at present pretty defective bases for the analysis of concrete situations.” Barnard’s administration (1948-1952) marked a new era within the RF of direct engagement with the requirements of an increasingly interconnected, volatile, global politics. Between 1946 and 1954 the RF spent over $8 million on area studies. In addition to Columbia, signal U.S. programs included Slavic studies at Stanford University, Far Eastern studies at the University of Washington, Near Eastern studies at Princeton University, and American regional studies at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. Internationally, key programs included Latin American studies at the Colegio de Mexico in Mexico City, and Far Eastern studies at Leyden University and Stockholm University. As the field matured, a second generation of programs included Far Eastern, Near Eastern, and Russian studies at Harvard University; Slavic studies at the Universities of Toronto and British Columbia; Chinese studies at Tokyo University; and Latin American studies at the University of Bordeaux. In addition, the RF funded undergraduate programs at Occidental College and Colgate University, and the East-West Center at the University of Hawaii. Making Use of Experience Within the Foundation, area studies provided an opportunity for the Humanities and Social Sciences Divisions to work together in an integrated fashion, fulfilling an ideal that RF officers had sought since the 1928 reorganization but which had long proved difficult to enact. In developing area studies, the two divisions pooled their extensive networks of faculty and university administrators, seeking the most competent persons available, with expertise not only in a given discipline but also in a particular region, which was then an uncommon combination. This standard became especially important to prevent area studies from substituting a shallow survey for serious academic rigor. Officers and prominent scholars alike worried that the new approach might mistake a hodgepodge of facts for the deep expertise of the academic fields. Joseph H. Willits, director of the RF Division of Social Sciences, stressed research, already the RF’s priority, as a guarantee against superficiality, explaining that “without research, teaching will tend to emphasize spot information and travelogue reporting which does create interest at the elementary level, but which does not lead to disciplined thinking or mastery of other cultures equivalent to the familiarity we have of our own.” The Foundation’s emphasis on research fostered countless outstanding contributions to scholarship and foreign policy, much of which remains influential across a variety of disciplines today: George F. Kennan’s writings on the Soviet Union, produced at Columbia; anthropologist Clifford Geertz’s work on Indonesia, produced at Harvard; and Karl Wittfogel’s work in Chinese translation, produced at the University of Washington. Despite worry over superficiality and the resistance of established disciplines to the competition posed by these new programs, area studies persisted and prevailed in the 1950s and early 1960s, and by and large these programs and centers remain intact today. In many ways area studies foreshadowed and encouraged the widespread adoption of interdisciplinary approaches that became commonplace in universities in the 1960s through the 1980s. Title derived from Charles B. Fahs, “A Reexamination of the Rockefeller Foundation Program in Area Studies,” October 24, 1954. Rockefeller Archive Center (RAC), RG 3.2, Series 900, Box 31, Folder 165.

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Computational fluid dynamics The industry’s most accurate wind flow modelling helps minimize risk and maximize returns for planned wind farms. Planning and building a new wind farm is a major undertaking. Investors and other stakeholders need reassurance that risk has been mitigated. Accurate wind flow modelling is a key step in optimizing wind farm design, reducing uncertainty and maximizing returns. Accurate wind flow modelling Our Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) services offer the most accurate wind flow simulations available. Based on the terrain and meteorology data of your site, we model the wind flow to predict wind speeds with minimal error. From this, we can identify where the wind speed is highest and lowest, and predict your energy output – invaluable input for optimizing the design of your site. Our validated, cutting-edge CFD model captures complex terrain elements, such as steep slopes and forestry, as well as atmospheric phenomena such as stability, for the highest accuracy. In addition to mapping wind speeds, our model can provide insight into several factors that affect turbine layout and design, including: - Flow inclination angle - Flow separation We can also provide insight into a number of factors that affect turbine design. Trusted the world over Our CFD services have been independently recognized as the most accurate in the industry. They have been deployed in hundreds of commercial projects, on every continent. We continually validate our models based on data from all these sites, so you can be sure of the continued accuracy and reliability that you would expect from us.

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For some group decisions, less information is more Minnows, starlings, wolves – plenty of animals travel together, relying on group decisions to find food and stay safe. In simple environments, the more information a group of animals has, the better decisions the group can usually make. But in complex environments, that’s not always the case. Sometimes, information sharing patterns among group-oriented animals can lead to lost information, Dr. Albert Kao of the Santa Fe Institute and Dr. Iain Couzin of the Max Planck Institute and the University of Konstanz found in a new study, published in the journal Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B. The researchers found that many animal groups work on a modular group structure, where sub-groups can split off and return to the main group over a short time period, based on a variety of factors. “A feature of modular structure is that there’s always information loss, but the effect of that information loss on accuracy depends on the environment,” Kao said in a press release. That information loss can affect group decisions. The effect is generally negative in simple environments, but in complex settings where animals are taking in much larger amounts of information at a time, that isn’t always the case. “Surprisingly, in complex environments, the information loss even helps accuracy in a lot of situations,” Kao said. Kao and Couzin’s work backs up previous studies that found getting bogged down by too many details can lead to poor decisions, and that in a business setting, allowing computers to remember details leads to better performance. The study also gives new information about how many animals – including humans – form and structure groups. That information in turn can give new insight into how birds flock or fish school – or be applied to new businesses or organizations developing their internal structures for the most effectiveness and efficiency. “Modular structure can have a profound – and unexpected – impact on the collective intelligence of groups,” says Couzin. “This may indeed be one of the reasons that we see internal structure in so many group-living species, from schooling fish and flocking birds to wild primate groups.” By Kyla Cathey, Earth.com staff writer

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This is the clear guide for non-specialists to electromagnetic compatability (EMC), the effects of electromagnetic radiation and the European EMC Directive which is now in force. This book helps by explaining the basic principles of EMC, how it may be controlled in practice through filtering, shielding, appropriate printed circuit board design, and other means. Electrostatic discharge (ESD) and surge protection are discussed. The growing concern about the effects of electromagnetic waves and fields on health are examined in detail. This introduction provides beginners, technical and non-technical alike with a basic guide to the principles of EMC. This will prove essential reading for the thousands of people close to despair, giving them the underlying insight, in clear words, that is needed to comply with the EMC Directive, and therefore opens the door to continued trading in Europe and the World. - Beginner's guide to EMC ideal for non-technical staff - Vital for all businesses who export to either Europe or the rest of the world Electronics (especially RF) engineers, technicians, designers and managers; students What is EMC? Regulations and enforcement Radio waves and how they travel (propagation) Electrostatic discharge; sparking Impedance matching, balancing, tuning: Noise and interference Transients and surge protection Printed-circuit boards, layout and grounding Health and other aspects of electromagnetic waves Health and measurements of electromagnetic fields Sources of technical information Appendix A. Dates in the history of electromagnetism Appendix B. Sources of electromagnetic pollution - No. of pages: - © Butterworth-Heinemann 1997 - 4th September 1997 - eBook ISBN: - Paperback ISBN: Medical Director, East Anglian Ambulance NHS Trust, Cambridge, UK " A clear giude for non-specialists to EMC" --ELECTRONIC PRODUCT DESIGN

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Cardiac arrest occurring outside of the hospital is a leading cause of death in the United States, accounting for more than 1,000 deaths each day. In Alachua County, about 300 people experience a sudden cardiac arrest every year, and only 8.5 percent of them survive without severe disabilities. We believe we can double our county’s survival rate with the help of everyday citizens — and a familiar tune by the Bee Gees. The faculty, nurses and staff at UF Health are working with the area’s emergency first responders to spotlight how lives can be saved if more citizens know CPR and how to use an AED, or automated external defibrillator. As part of those efforts, UF Health is celebrating National CPR and AED Awareness Week from June 1-7 by urging people to download PulsePoint Respond, a smartphone app that alerts citizens to a nearby cardiac emergency and empowers them to help by providing hands-only CPR. If an AED is nearby, the app also tells the user where it is located. UF Health, the Alachua County Sheriff’s Office, Alachua County Fire Rescue and Gainesville Fire Rescue have teamed up to launch the app through the county’s 9-1-1 system. The UF College of Medicine funds the PulsePoint Respond system, and since the app was introduced in September, more than 2,000 people have activated it on their phones. From June 1-15, UF Health is also running a scavenger hunt to raise awareness of the location of the lifesaving AEDs. These devices are in public locations such as supermarkets, stores and sports venues. Participants in the scavenger hunt should look for the AEDs and log their locations into the PulsePoint AED mobile app, which is a sister app to the PulsePoint Respond. They can win prizes, including a gift basket from Bass Pro Shops and Gator-signed items. We are fortunate to live in a community where a large number of people are trained in CPR due to their profession, but hands-only chest compressions is something nearly everyone can learn. After calling 9-1-1, push hard and fast in the center of the chest of the person in distress to the beat of the classic hit “Stayin’ Alive” until help arrives. That’s it. If you aren’t sure you should get involved, consider these facts: • More than 30 percent of cardiac arrests in Alachua County occur in a public space. • The likelihood of survival decreases by 10 percent for every minute without CPR or AED. • PulsePoint Respond alerts participants when CPR is needed within 400 yards of their current location — providing lifesaving help until EMS arrives. • Mouth-to-mouth breathing is not required. • You don’t need an official certificate or license. • You are protected under the Florida Good Samaritan Act. Effective bystander CPR, provided immediately after cardiac arrest, can double or triple a person’s chance of survival, according to the American Heart Association. By taking advantage of modern technology, all of us can help make Alachua County an even better place to live. For information about the scavenger hunt and to find resources on hands-only CPR, or to download the PulsePoint apps, visit UFHealth.org/heart/pulsepoint. Nikolaus Gravenstein, M.D., is a professor in the UF department of anesthesiology; Torben Becker, M.D., Ph.D., is an assistant professor in the UF department of emergency medicine; and Elizabeth Warren, R.N., RCIS, is STEMI coordinator for UF Health.

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The Emerald Ash Borer (EAB) is a widespread ecological pest. But in his guest blog, Joe Shannon highlights why ecologists focus on solutions rather than fixating on the problem. Spring has finally sprung, and with it, EAB. No doubt ash is in trouble, but ongoing research and examination of historical records have yielded tools and actions for landowners, managers and city officials to respond to this invasive species. Emerald Ash Borer "Don't move firewood, it bugs me!" These signs and bumper stickers are a familiar sight around the Great Lakes region and beyond. There are a number of invasive species that can hitch a ride in firewood, but one of the best known is Emerald Ash Borer (EAB). EAB was first identified near Detroit, Michigan in 2002. After a steady crawl and some big leaps, EAB is in 31 states and two Canadian provinces. All North American ash species are susceptible to EAB and that has people worried. It’s not hard to understand why; people see towns cut and chip all the ash trees along their streets, assuming they must be gone for good. The worry leads people to respond with panic, or with apathy. But maybe there are reasons not to panic. "There is value in action, but now is not the time to panic." The key to avoiding panic and apathy is knowledge and action. Ash trees can grow in mixed-upland forests, ash-dominated wetlands, floodplains, streets, lawns and parks. Lessons learned from one species or in one setting may not translate directly to others. So, what can be done about EAB? It turns out there are a lot of answers. Gathering the answers Last summer, the School of Forest Resources and Environmental Science at Michigan Tech partnered with the US Forest Service Northern Research Station (USFS-NRS), University of Vermont, University of Minnesota, the Fond du Lac Band of Lake Superior Chippewa (FLBLSC), the Lake Superior National Estuarine Reserve (LSNERR) and the Minnesota Forest Resources Council to bring together more than 170 foresters, ecologists, wildlife and fisheries managers, entomologists and social scientists, from seven states, seven tribes and three countries for a workshop in Duluth, Minnesota. These researchers and managers walk through forests, wade in wetlands, survey the public and comb through historical timber harvest records, trying to determine the impacts of EAB and suggest useful actions. Many of the researchers contributed their work to an upcoming special issue of the journal Forests. This issue will be publicly available and provides a single reference for many of the questions around ash and EAB. The attendees discussed a range of topics, from native ash resistance to silvicultural treatments to the best approaches in public spaces. All discussion led to actions that can slow the spread of EAB, prepare forests and trees before infestation and respond post-infestation. Ash is here to stay Even in areas where EAB hit the hardest, ash has persisted on the landscape. Sometimes the ash is fighting to survive, as stump sprouts and root suckers, like the green ash Daniel Kashain (Wayne State University) studies in southern Michigan. In other places, researchers including Kathleen Knight (USFS-NRS) and Charlie Flower of the University of Illinois, Chicago, are finding surviving native trees, which are already being incorporated into a plant breeding program for resistant stock (report a survivor). Directly treating individual trees with pesticides will also allow an arborist to protect a handful of significant trees along a street, in a lawn or on private forest land. Slowing down EAB After learning that ash is not going extinct in the next year, most people’s minds turn towards slowing the spread of EAB. Monitoring techniques for EAB can include insect traps, branch sampling and visual inspection. Mark Abrahamson from the Minnesota Department of Agriculture showed how efficient visual inspection is to detect infestation early by looking at woodpecker damage and dying crowns. Removing newly infested trees is one of the best direct actions to slow the spread of EAB. Another direct action is the controlled release of non-native wasps that feed on eggs or larvae of EAB. Research by Jonathan Osthus from the Minnesota Department of Agriculture, has shown that some of these parasitoids can be effective at reducing EAB population growth, and Jian Duan from the USDA Agricultural Research Service, found that native parasitoids are responding to EAB and can play an important role. So does temperature. Cold winters are often assumed to limit EAB, especially in areas where they’re proud of their harsh winters (ahem…Northern Minnesota). While extreme cold does slow infestation, it doesn’t eradicate EAB, so managers there need to stay vigilant; one warm winter can let them spread. Mixed forests are built to respond The response of trees, shrubs, and herbaceous plants to EAB-induced mortality is variable, and depends on how much ash is present, how wet or dry is the site, what other species are already present and a host of other factors. Trees in stands with fewer ash are more susceptible to EAB than trees in more ash-dominant stands, but mixed forests are best equipped to deal with change. EAB mortality takes one to four years for a given tree; during that time, surrounding trees expand their growth and saplings and sub-canopy trees begin to grow into the canopy. The composition of the forest shifts, but the function of the forest can remain the same. Silviculture can prompt the response we want Of particular interest to many at the workshop was black ash, which is often dominant in wet, seasonally inundated sites, where loss of the ash canopy could shift the site from forested wetland to marsh. Species diversification is needed to retain these often expansive forested wetlands. Resiliency can be added using commercial timber harvests and intermediate treatments to promote non-ash species. Projects led by Dustin Bronson of the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources (WDNR), Tony D’Amato of the University of Vermont, Colleen Matula (WDNR) and Justin Pszwaro of The Nature Conservancy, are among researchers nationwide looking at various silvicultural practices for black ash through controlled experiments, and evaluation of the results of past and current timber sales. Understanding which techniques best prepare ash forests for EAB helps guide future management. People like Greg Edge of the Wisconsin DNR and John Kotar of Terra Silva Consulting, have developed worksheets and site classifications to evaluate actions for a given stand. Artificial regeneration can further strengthen sensitive locations Some forested wetlands are considered vital, and to ensure they retain their current role, may require proactive action such as planting seedlings. The species can be present on the site, or, as Brian Palik of the USFS-NRS explained, climate change projections may dictate other suitable species. Site visits during the workshop highlighted some of these sensitive forests. The black ash wetlands on the Fond du Lac Reservation, studied by Christian Nelson and Shannon Kesner with FLBLSC, filter and buffer water flowing into wild rice lakes, which are sensitive to water level fluctuations. The floodplain ash in the Superior, Wisconsin Municipal Forest, studied by Nick Bolton from Michigan Tech and Shon Schooler at LSNERR, slow spring flows and reduce sediment transport along the Pokegama River, a tributary to the St. Louis River estuary. Perhaps the greatest tool in slowing the spread of EAB is public education. Transporting less wood and quickly responding to early infestations will slow EAB. Slower spread will mean more time for researchers and managers to improve recommendations. When action is required in urban settings, the work of researchers like Ingrid Schneider from the University of Minnesota and Chris Wynveen of Baylor University, can serve as a guide to retain the character of a place. Tony D’Amato gave the final presentation of the workshop summarizing the current successful strategies and the remaining questions. In that presentation, he highlighted how combining controlled experiments with timber harvest implementation and monitoring, is the best way to keep advancing the science of EAB and ash forests. By taking a step back and looking beyond the threatened trees to the desired function and form of the forest, we can make better management decisions in the face of EAB and other invasives. "Keep using silviculture to manage forest ecosystems that are threatened by an insect versus just harvesting a threatened tree." The researchers and managers mentioned by name in this article are just a sample of many who shared their knowledge as presenters and participants at this workshop. Michigan Technological University is a public research university, home to more than 7,000 students from 54 countries. Founded in 1885, the University offers more than 120 undergraduate and graduate degree programs in science and technology, engineering, forestry, business and economics, health professions, humanities, mathematics, and social sciences. Our campus in Michigan’s Upper Peninsula overlooks the Keweenaw Waterway and is just a few miles from Lake Superior.

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Continuous Integration is a methodology to ensure code meets its quality targets by breaking up the tasks required for this into small chunks which can be performed frequently. Static Analysis improves the quality of code by ensuring it adheres to a Coding Standard and is bug free. Used together, they can be used to achieve higher quality code within tighter project deadlines. This paper is divided into two sections. The first discusses the principles of Continuous Integration, how it can streamline the software development lifecycle and how Static Analysis fits within it. The second section studies a specific tool-set to see how this can be achieved in practice. This will look at Jenkins CI and PRQAs static analysis tools (QA·C, QA·C++ and QA·Verify) and will show how they are integrated and the information they generate.

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We can learn a lot from the motivations of those who gather up art for the benefit of society. These curators have something very different in mind but the control of art is key to each vision. My examples relate to gathering together artefacts with a view to benefit society in very different ways and for very different reasons, they both fail, but they do tell us something about Modernism and its place in our collective imagination. An effete snob left tragically to mourn the end of his world from inside a gilded cage The present is postmodern how does this effect our ideas of progress? A Beautiful scene from Children of men has the protagonist visit his cousin Nigel, literally fortified inside a converted power station which is being used by one of civilisations last stable countries (Britain) to house rescued works of art from an increasingly nihilistic and destructive world population. A disintegration of modernism rather than a positive movement in its own right The scene is a wonderfully crafted symbol of the disintegration of ‘grand narratives’ modernism with its faith in progress and truth is bunkered down in the ultimate ivory tower, all the works of art are sad reminders of a more civilised time, even Picasso’s ‘Guernica’ the subject matter of which is terribly depressing comes out of the belief that such art can mark, criticise and perhaps prevent further atrocity. Instead the works are ripped out of their context, mixed up, their meanings no longer clear and their legacy as markers of man’s progress put in doubt. The works assume a kind of equivalence in Nigel’s ‘arc of the arts’. Post-modernism in this scene is characterised as a disintegration of modernism rather than a positive movement in its own right and the ultimate depression of the film confirms this critique of postmodernism. There are no new children, no births and so no vision of the future, in such a world Nigel’s fortified arc seems increasingly desperate he is reminiscent of an effete snob left tragically to mourn the end of his world from inside a gilded cage. The Degenerate Art Show ‘Degenerate Art’ was the title of an exhibition, mounted by the Nazis in Munich in 1937, consisting of modernist artworks which they felt were bad for German society (‘Entartete Kunst’ is German for Degenerate art) If ‘Nigel’ represents the old modernist aesthete clinging to civilisation with artefacts that stand as literal embodiments of truth and beauty then Hitler is actively trying to destroy these artefacts. ‘Modernism’ for Nazism was a disease. Hitler would have been in favour of classical art being included in Nigel’s arc (Michelangelo’s David yes, Guernica no) but progress for Fascism in the arts is to be halted with Rome (both Hitler and Mussolini eventually embraced a monumental version of neo classism) In a sense Hitler and Nazism was right to be suspicious of modernism since ideas of universalism, individualism and absolute truth would be totally destructive to the sentimental nationalism at the heart of fascism, this attitude also saw the closure of the Bauhaus. The show was very successful as a propaganda tool its simplicity and the forcefulness of the Nazi message saw many hundreds of thousands of Germans attending at multiple locations with a clear prod to hate what was on show. Eventually though Modernist art and ideals survived to be championed by the ‘free world’ however the effects of two world wars and the holocaust, increased consumerism and the eventual collapse of the soviet union meant that the promise of a utopian modernist future championed by the modernist genius was losing hold and with it the grand narrative which was supposed to replace religious and nationalistic ideas began to crumble which takes us full circle bunkered down in Nigel’s arc with the relics from a time when people still believed in progress.

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Girl may get to hear for the first time At age 3, Angelica Lopez is helping to break a sound barrier for deaf children. She was born without working auditory nerves. But now she can detect sounds for the first time. And she has begun to mimic them. The progress came after Angelica underwent brain surgery. A device was implanted that bypasses missing wiring in her inner ears. Angelica is one of a small number of U.S. children who are testing what's called an auditory brainstem implant. Most just call it an ABI. The device goes beyond cochlear implants. Those devices have brought hearing to many deaf children. But they don't work for tots who lack their hearing nerve. When the ABI is first turned on, "she isn't going to be hearing like a 3-year-old. She'll be hearing like a newborn," said audiologist Laurie Eisenberg. She works at the University of Southern California. The children don't magically understand and use those sounds. "It's going to take a lot of work," Eisenberg cautioned. Angelica cried when her ABI first was switched on. She was scared by the sounds. Five months later, her mother says the youngster uses sign language to identify some sounds. And she's beginning to babble like hearing babies do. Therapists are working to teach her oral speech. "It's just so awesome to hear her little voice," said Julie Lopez of Big Spring, Texas. She enrolled her daughter in the study at USC. Researchers say she's progressing well. Many children born deaf benefit from cochlear implants. They are electrodes that send impulses to the auditory nerve. They are relayed to the brain and recognized as sound. But the small fraction born without a working hearing nerve can't make that brain connection. The ABI attempts to fill that gap. It delivers electrical stimulation directly to the neurons on the brainstem, which the nerve normally would have targeted. The person wears a microphone on the ear to detect sound. A processer changes it to electrical signals. Those are beamed to a stimulator under the skin. It sends the signals snaking through a wire to electrodes surgically placed on the brainstem. About a decade ago, an Italian surgeon started trying the ABI in deaf children. Their young brains are more flexible. They might better adapt to this artificial way of delivering sound. The first U.S. studies in young children are underway at a handful of hospitals. Hearing specialists are watching the work closely. There are children "who are not being helped in any other way," said Dr. Gordon Hughes of the National Institutes of Health. It is funding Eisenberg's study. Cochlear implants proved there's a critical time window when the brain is very receptive to auditory stimulation, Hughes said. He said that time is with the youngest children. The studies are small. Each enrolls 10 to 20 children. The Los Angeles study will implant starting at age 2, while some others try earlier. Children then receive intensive therapy, to learn to hear. The studies must prove safety, since the ABI requires delicate brain surgery in healthy children. Critical thinking challenge: Why hasn't this technology been deployed with all deaf children?

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https://www.tweentribune.com/article/junior/girl-may-get-hear-first-time/

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Skin Cancer / Melanoma is Preventable!! Be Sun Smart® “Slip! Slop! Slap! … and Wrap” Sun exposure adds up day after day, and it happens every time you are in the sun. While, it is not possible or practical to completely avoid sunlight, it is very possible to protect yourself from exposure to UV rays. People can take many simple steps to plan ahead and protect themselves from the sun’s UV rays all year round, during all outdoor activities, and not just when at the lake, bay, beach or pool. “Slip! Slop! Slap! … and Wrap” is a catch phrase of the American Cancer Society that reminds people of the 4 key methods they can use to protect themselves from UV radiation. Slip on a shirt, Slop on sunscreen, Slap on a hat, and Wrap on sunglasses to protect the eyes and sensitive skin around them from ultraviolet light. Following these practical steps can help protect you from the effects of the sun. These steps complement each other — they provide the best protection when used together. (Click on our prevention steps for more information)

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Your baby is curious: how did that little ball go inside the larger one or what is it that tinkles in that rattle? You may encourage its probing mind by talking about the ball and shaking it more. Your baby’s mind is bubbling with activity now. It is developing the capability to question things as it observes those by touching or seeing. Your baby can turn its back while sitting now as its back has ample strength. Its physical development now depends on the quality of food that you provide it with. Hence, make sure that you introduce plenty of foods to it, but slowly and gradually! Your baby is more like a curious cat and might like to touch things that it should not be touching. Your saying ‘No’ would not be understood by it; however, this is a good time to start conveying to it the meaning of this word! The Thing to Watch Out The Thing to Watch Out: Make your baby stand or sit before a mirror and it is likely to appreciate its reflection. However, if you appear in the mirror, it would turn back and look at you instead. This is because it knows that what it is seeing is your reflection and not you! Tips for Week 28 Tips for Week 28: Your baby is not able to understand what is wrong and right at the moment and this makes him seem defiant at times. Understand this fact and distract it when it does something you don’t like. Though your baby doesn’t understand the value of things as yet, it can be right time for it to learn not to throw away mobile phones just like rattles. Try teaching this difference to the baby by stopping it when it tries to throw the mobile phone. An irritable baby? It might be teething! Wash your hand and massage its gums lightly nearly thrice a day. This should sooth the irritation it feels. If your baby likes putting things into its mouth, it can be given chilled teethers during teething phase to help it sooth the irritation. Your baby’s habit of picking up things from the floor and putting those in the mouth could be responsible for its stomach-related problems. So, don’t blame it on teething! Your baby might have to be told many times so that it remembers a thing. This is because its brain is not as developed to remember things for long as yet! Your baby likes to put things into each other. In this case, help it know which object would go into the other and which wont.

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Recently, I've received e-mails from teachers who are using Life As We Knew It and the dead and the gone in their classrooms. I thought it would be a good idea to have a blog entry devoted to program ideas that can be used in schools and libraries. My plan is to keep a link to this entry on the right side of the blog, and to update it with new ideas when I learn of them. I would appreciate it if any of you who have used LAWKI and/or d&g could either add comments discussing what you've done, or e-mail me your ideas (if you do e-mail me, let me know if you'd like to be credited in the blog). I'm going to start with an e-mail I received from Ms. Jennifer L. Griffin, the 7th grade Language Arts and Literature teacher and her colleague, Mrs. Debbie Renauer, 8th grade Language Arts and Literature teacher, at Holy Trinity Catholic School in Louisville, Kentucky: We are embarking on a great teaching adventure on October 14, 2008. We will be teaching LAWKI and td&tg to our students...with a twist. The boys will be reading td&tg and the girls will be reading LAWKI. They will then be sharing information with each other and comparing and contrasting. We will also have the seventh graders working with the eighth graders for the first time! Our science teacher is going to devote some class time to talking about the effects of the moon on earth; our math teachers are going to work on a pantry inventory project with the students (during which they will calculate how long their family could survive based on serving size, calories, and energy expended); our religion teacher will be discussing the religious aspects of both novels in her class; the history teacher will be taking class time to discuss other disasters in the world's past. Here's the link to the official Harcourt discussion guide: The next idea comes from California: Prepare a Technology Enhanced Learning in Science (TELS) project, and have students search ScienceHack for science videos to be utilized for research or within a presentation. Cross curricular tie-in, Language Arts/Science: Students read, "Life as we knew it" by Pfeffer and searchs for moon, tides, earthquakes, vocanoes. View "Why doesn't the moon fall down". Here are some program ideas from a library in Alabama that used LAWKI as its summer read: June 12: Survival 101 - Wilderness survival expert Darryl Patton will present this introductory wilderness and primitive survival program. July 3: Movie Night - Watch a movie on a 20-foot-screen. Popcorn and drinks provided. July 10: About Asteroids - The Von Braun Astronomical Society will separate fact from fiction about asteroids and meteors. Participants will use telescopes to view the moon and the night sky, weather permitting. This program begins at 7:30 p.m. July 18: Survivor Gadsden - Outwit, Outplay, Outlast! You'll need to be strong, clever and lucky to "survive" and claim fame under a full moon. All participants will be fed and watered! This program is from 7 p.m. to 10 pm. Create a miniture survival kit out of a recycled Altoids tin. Here's a comment from Linda Jacobs on Jan. 15, 2009: Just wanted to let you know that my tenth-grade class is reading your books right now and loving them. The boys have d&g and the girls are reading LAWKI. We've been doing some fun activities, too. For example, the girls had to write and read news reports about the actual night the meteor hit since the boys don't get that description in their book and a few days later, the boys had to do the same with Alex's body search at Yankee Stadium. Last weekend, several of the girls got really freaked out because the actual moon was so huge. One girl even researched if that was normal! I got an email on Jan. 20, 2009 with the following suggestion from literacy coach Beth Pace: ...there is an excellent piece in National Geographic from August 2008 called Target Earth. A friend suggested that it be used as a companion piece when teaching your book in the classroom. I think she is right! And here's a link to a lot of discussion topics for both books. Life As We Knew It is the 2009 One Book New Jersey young adult selection, and they have a lot of program ideas. Here's the link to all the info about LAWKI and the direct link to their program suggestions. I particularly like this one: Environmental Education:Environmental Education Week 2009 is April 12-18, 2009. Discuss water conservation, global warming, pollution, and other issues that affect our environment. Then discuss with your teens ways that they can get involved on a local level to help protect the planet. Thanks to One Book New Jersey, a lot of libraries are using LAWKI in their book discussion programs. Here's a link to one which will also be having a Disaster Party! Google just led me to this idea, which was inspired in part by The Dead And The Gone. I yahooed yesterday and found a library that had a Jeopardy like game based on LAWKI. My guess is I would have done very badly at it, since I can never get the answers to sound like questions. My heartfelt thanks to all of you who are using my books and to those of you who are sharing your ideas.

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http://susanbethpfeffer.blogspot.com/2008/10/program-ideas-for-life-as-we-knew-it.html

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The site of Huqoq continues to reveal aspects of Jewish life in Late Antiquity. Click here to launch the slideshow Earlier this summer, they reported the discovery of depictions from the Books of Numbers and Isaiah, as well as non-biblical images of what may be Alexander the Great meeting the Jewish high priest. Now, they have revealed more mosaic floor panels depicting the Tower of Babel, and what may be Jonah being swallowed by a fish. Magness says that these images challenge many popular beliefs of Jewish prosperity during this time. It has long been believed that Jewish settlement declined during early Christian rule, but the elaborate and expensive decor of the Huqoq synagogue suggests they flourished. The revelations extend to what we know of Jewish artistic practices: “There’s this idea that Jewish art never depicted figures,” Magness told National Geographic, “but we have plenty of synagogues from this period with figural images such as animals and people.” The newly announced mosaics are filled with extravagant detail. On the panel that features Jonah the team was able to identify nearly a dozen different species of fish, along with a dolphin and an octopus. Magness notes: “The Huqoq version is unusual in showing three large fish swallowing Jonah, and representing the storm winds, in the upper left corner, as Harpy-Sirens: half-female, half-bird creatures from Greek mythology.” The Tower of Babel panel features a wide variety of workers with different skin tones, clothing, and hair. This highlights the differences God made in them as punishment for attempting to build to heaven. Magness believes the additional images of different types of labor offer important evidence of ancient Roman building techniques. The most surprising part of Huqoq is how many important pieces of art it has yielded, especially considering how inconsequential the area once seemed. In an area which was once believed to be unreceptive to the Jewish people, we find an elaborately decorated religious center of a small, but wealthy Jewish village: “I have no explanation” for such a grand building in a small settlement, says Magness. “It definitely wasn’t on anyone’s radar before we started excavating there.” Since you are here… …we’d like to have one more word with you. We are excited to report that Aleteia’s readership is growing at a rapid rate, world-wide! Our team proves its mission every day by providing high-quality content that informs and inspires a Christian life. But quality journalism has a cost and it’s more than ads can cover. We want our articles to be accessible to everyone, free of charge, but we need your help. To continue our efforts to nourish and inspire our Catholic family, your support is invaluable. Become an Aleteia Patron today for as little as $3 a month. May we count on you?

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https://aleteia.org/2018/11/19/see-the-freshly-unearthed-mosaics-from-a-5th-century-israeli-synagogue/

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You have already submitted this survey. Click the Next button to move on to the next lesson. This survey is a preview of what your students will see. You do not need to complete it. You won't be able to make changes to your response after you submit. Google will use the submitted information to evaluate and improve the Applied Digital Skills program, including its assessment tools, the curriculum, and the website, for current and future users. 1. Introduction to Program a Progress Bar in Google Slides 2. Program a Variable 3. Program a Shape 4. Use a Loop to Draw Multiple Shapes 5. Use a Loop to Add Shapes to Every Slide 6. Program a Conditional Statement 7. Program a Progress Bar in Google Slides Wrap-Up

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The Rolling Cups task from the Shell Center is a perfect geometry modeling project. I use some form of this task every year for the last three days of the first semester as a final project. This task incorporates constructions, similarity, functions and modeling while pre-assessing students readiness for next semester’s content: solids and circles. I’ve discovered that this activity is most effective when I have students produce something each of the 50 minute class periods. Over the years, I have been collecting a wide variety of cups from Goodwill, which I keep in a giant tote in the basement of my school. With finals complete and students’ motivation dwindling, Rolling Cups is the perfect way to make the most of the days right before break. I move all of the chairs and desks out of the way that we have a big open space in the middle of the class. I also make sure students can easily access the dry erase boards on all of my walls to encourage teamwork and collaboration (more on vertical dry erase boards). Here is how I break up this activity- Day 1: Experiment Here are 4 cups. What will happen when I roll them? Which one will make the biggest circle? Which one will make the smallest? Try it. I hand each student a different cup and this sheet below to guide their thinking and keep them on task, and then I get out of the way. At some point during this class period I also show students the Rolling Cup Calculator. I put a link in Google Classroom for easy access. Most students use it on their cell phones to try to find patterns. Day 2: Develop an equation This is the formula derivation day. I start by not mentioning the cups at all and just playing a quick whiteboard game reviewing similarity. During this task, I usually have a few students suddenly yell out: “This is the cup thing!”…and then start sketching cups on their whiteboards and they begin to use similar triangles to determine the roll radius. Here is a discussion I had with a student, trying to support their thinking: Other students look at the first group like they are crazy and we just carry on. Then I have a few students summarize what they’ve noticed from the previous class. Next I hand out this sheet: side 1 is the original task and side 2 is for students to write a few sentences summarizing their findings, and score themselves. My school has been working to develop a structure and rubric to elicit quality student writing about mathematics. Below is the current format. As I present this sheet to students and summarize the expectations for the day, I also tell them that I made a deal with another teacher on Twitter and that I will be scanning their work and sending it to this teacher in Ohio. I make a big deal about them not writing their names on the back of the sheet where they describe their thinking because that is the side I am going to send to Ohio and I want to preserve their anonymity. In return, I explain, the class in Ohio will be sending me their work, which we will look at tomorrow. The quality of students work is so much better when they think it will be analyzed by someone else. Of course, this is a big fat lie. I don’t have any plan to send their work to another teacher. But they do so well with this added piece of motivation. Day 3: Critique other students work This day goes pretty much as described in the original task. Students review the included samples of other students work and analyze it answering the well written questions from the original task linked above. It is fun for students to see that other students in other parts of the country approached the problem the way they did. They get excited and genuinely interested. They begin to reflect on their approach and compare it to the student work provided. You can see their confidence grow a little when they recognize that their (alternative school) work is just as good, if not better than the work of typical students in Ohio.

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Hastings(redirected from Hastings, England) Also found in: Dictionary, Thesaurus. Hastings,city (1996 pop. 58,495), SE North Island, New Zealand, close to Napier. It has extensive food-processing industries, including meatpacking, canning, and dairy processing. Hastings,city (1991 pop. 74,979) and district, East Sussex, SE England. A resort and residential city, Hastings is backed by cliffs and has a 3-mi (4.8-km) marine esplanade, parks, and bathing beaches. The site was occupied in Roman times. It was made famous by the battle of Hastings, which took place at nearby BattleBattle, town, East Sussex, SE England. The town grew up on the site (then a moorland) of the battle of Hastings (1066). The victorious William the Conqueror built Battle Abbey to commemorate the event. The abbey has been converted into a girls' school, but ruins can be seen. ..... Click the link for more information. on Oct. 14, 1066, between the Normans under William, duke of Normandy (later William IWilliam I or William the Conqueror, 1027?–1087, king of England (1066–87). Earnest and resourceful, William was not only one of the greatest of English monarchs but a pivotal figure in European history as well. ..... Click the link for more information. ), and the Anglo-Saxons under HaroldHarold, 1022?–1066, king of England (1066). The son of Godwin, earl of Wessex, he belonged to the most powerful noble family of England in the reign of Edward the Confessor. Through Godwin's influence Harold was made earl of East Anglia. ..... Click the link for more information. . The battle, one of the most celebrated in English history, was won by William's force after a single day's fighting. This was the first and most decisive victory of the Norman ConquestNorman Conquest, period in English history following the defeat (1066) of King Harold of England by William, duke of Normandy, who became William I of England. The conquest was formerly thought to have brought about broad changes in all phases of English life. ..... Click the link for more information. of England. Hastings became one of the Cinque PortsCinque Ports [O. Fr.,=five ports], name applied to an association of maritime towns in Sussex and Kent, SE England. They originally numbered five: Hastings, Romney (now New Romney), Hythe, Dover, and Sandwich. The association was informally organized in the 11th cent. ..... Click the link for more information. . Hastings.1 City (1990 pop. 15,445), seat of Dakota co., SE Minn., on the Vermillion River and on bluffs above the Mississippi opposite its confluence with the St. Croix; inc. 1857. It is a farm trade and manufacturing center, producing flour, computer equipment, fertilizers, and feeds. 2 City (1990 pop. 22,837), seat of Adams co., S central Nebr.; inc. 1874. It is a rail center in a farming area. Manufactures include processed foods and construction materials. A museum is in the city. a county borough in the county of East Sussex, Great Britain, on the shores of the Strait of Dover. Population, 69,000 (1969). It is a major resort and the site of annual chess tournaments. On Oct. 14, 1066, the troops of William, duke of Normandy, defeated the Anglo-Saxon troops of King Harold near Hastings. The king’s infantry fought valiantly, but was routed by the knights’ cavalry and infantry, which were stronger in number and arms. Harold was killed in the battle. After the victory near Hastings, William I the Conqueror was crowned for the English throne in December 1066. a city in New Zealand, in the eastern part of the North Island. Population, 33,600 (1975). The city is served by a railroad and has food-processing, metalworking, and woodworking industries. It is the center of an agricultural region noted for fruit growing and the raising of dairy cattle.

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The measurement of underwater acoustic noise radiated by a vessel using the vessel's own towed array MetadataShow full item record The work described in this thesis tested the feasibility of using a towed array of hydrophones to: 1. localise sources of underwater acoustic noise radiated by the towvessel, 2. determine the absolute amplitudes of these sources, and 3. determine the resulting far-field acoustic signature of the tow-vessel. The concept was for the towvessel to carry out a U-turn manoeuvre so as to bring the acoustic section of the array into a location suitable for beamforming along the length of the tow-vessel. All three of the above were shown to be feasible using both simulated and field data, although no independent field measurements were available to fully evaluate the accuracy of the far-field acoustic signature determinations. A computer program was written to simulate the acoustic signals received by moving hydrophones. This program had the ability to model a variety of acoustic sources and to deal with realistic acoustic propagation conditions, including shallow water propagation with significant bottom interactions. The latter was accomplished using both ray and wave methods and it was found that, for simple fluid half-space seabeds, a modified ray method gave results that were virtually identical to those obtained with a full wave method, even at very low frequencies, and with a substantial saving in execution time. A field experiment was carried out during which a tug towing a 60-hydrophone array carried out a series of U-turn manoeuvres. The signals received by the array included noise radiated by the tow-vessel, signals from acoustic tracking beacons mounted on the tow-vessel, and transient signals generated by imploding sources deployed from a second vessel.Algorithms were developed to obtain snapshots of the vertical plane and horizontal plane shapes of the array from the transient data and to use range data derived from the tracking beacon signals to track the hydrophones in the horizontal plane. The latter was complicated by a high proportion of dropouts and outliers in the range data caused by the directionality of the hydrophones at the high frequencies emitted by the beacons. Despite this, excellent tracking performance was obtained. Matched field inversion was used to determine the vertical plane array shapes at times when no transient signals were available, and to provide information about the geoacoustic properties of the seabed. There was very good agreement between the inversion results and array shapes determined using transient signals. During trial manoeuvres the array was moving rapidly relative to the vessel and changing shape. A number of different array-processing algorithms were developed to provide source localisation and amplitude estimates in this situation: a timedomain beamformer; two frequency-domain, data independent beamformers; an adaptive frequency-domain beamformer; and an array processor based on a regularised least-squares inversion. The relative performance of each of these algorithms was assessed using simulated and field data. Data from three different manoeuvres were processed and in each case a calibrated source was localised to within 1 m of its known position at the source's fundamental frequency of 112 Hz.Localisation was also successful in most instances at 336 Hz, 560 Hz and 784 Hz, although with somewhat reduced accuracy due to lower signal to noise ratios. Localisation results for vessel noise sources were also consistent with the positions of the corresponding items of machinery. The estimated levels of the calibrated source obtained during the three manoeuvres were all within 4.1 dB of the calibrated value, and varied by only 1.3 dB between manoeuvres. Results at the higher frequencies had larger errors, with a maximum variation of 3.8 dB between serials, and a maximum deviation from the calibrated value of 6.8 dB. An algorithm was also developed to predict the far-field signature of the tow-vessel from the measured data and results were produced. This algorithm performed well with simulated data but no independent measurements were available to compare with the field results. Showing items related by title, author, creator and subject. Duncan, Alexander; McMahon, D. (2004)This paper presents the results of a study aimed at determining the feasibility of using a towed array of hydrophones to localise and quantify sound sources on the tow-vessel. The method requires the tow-vessel to execute ... Parsons, Miles James Gerard (2009)Techniques of single- and multi-beam active acoustics and the passive recording of fish vocalisations were employed to evaluate the benefits and limitations of each technique as a method for assessing and monitoring fish ... Greenwood, Andrew John (2013)Seismic imaging in hard rock environments is gaining wider acceptance as a mineral exploration technique and as a mine-planning tool. However, the seismic images generated from hard rock targets are complex due to high ...

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CC-MAIN-2019-26

https://espace.curtin.edu.au/handle/20.500.11937/311

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en

What Muscles Do Bicycle Workouts Affect? Bicycling provides cardiovascular exercise that can help you improve your lung capacity, burn calories for weight management and reduce stress. In addition, cycling can help you strengthen muscles throughout your body, making it an effective cross-training exercise for running and sports that require strong legs. To improve your biking performance, you can work the muscles used in this activity in separate workouts. The quadriceps consists of four muscles located on your thigh: the vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius and the rectus femoris. These muscles work together to extend your leg at the knee joint and to flex your leg at the hip joint, actions that occur in every pedal stroke. In addition to bicycle workouts, squats and lunges can strengthen your quadriceps. Bicycle workouts lead to strong calves. Your calf muscles help flex your feet from the ankle, providing extra power to your strokes. The two main muscles of your calves are the gastrocnemius and soleus. You can strengthen these muscles with standing or seated calf raises. Just because you sit on your glutes while bicycling doesn't mean the activity does not use them. All three of your glute muscles are involved in cycling, as your gluteus medius and gluteus minimus help move your legs laterally and rotate your legs at the hip joint. Meanwhile, your gluteus maximus provides downward power for your leg strokes. Your hamstrings are three muscles on the back of your upper leg, running from your pelvis to your knee joint. These are the biceps femoris, semitendinosus and semimembranosus. Your hamstrings bend your knee and extend your leg at the hip, acting to counter the movements of your quadriceps. Lying leg curls and deadlifts are effective ways of strengthening your hamstrings. Arms and Neck While your legs provide power to your pedal strokes, your arms help stabilize your body and allow you to steer your bike. Your biceps help to flex your arm at the elbow and act with your forearm muscles to rotate your arm. Your triceps help to straighten your arm and can help keep your body stable. Your neck muscles tend to be extended throughout the duration of your rides, so strengthening them to withstand this stress is important. You can train your neck muscles with shrugs. Perform barbell curls for your biceps and forearms, and triceps pushdowns for your triceps. While the power for your pedal strokes comes from your leg muscles, the muscles in your abdomen keep your body stable, insulating your upper body from the movement of your lower body. Your core gets a workout by preventing the motion of our lower body from causing your upper body to sway back and forth with each pedal stroke. You can strengthen your core muscles with crunches, planks and leg raises. - Polka Dot Images/Polka Dot/Getty Images

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CC-MAIN-2019-26

https://healthyliving.azcentral.com/muscles-bicycle-workouts-affect-5129.html

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en

The review of effects of excessive soil water on performance of various vegetable crops and selected field crops indicates that in areas where temporary flooding hazards are expected during the growing season, crops can be selected on their relative ability to tolerate excessive moisture. Field crops are generally less sensitive than vegetable crops in terms of yield. In addition to the choice of crop species, planting dates could be shifted when possible by delaying dates of sowing or planting to avoid probable periods of flooding during the sensitive growth stages. In most instances, crops are more sensitive at their early developmental phase than at the later stages in terms of yield. Soil management practices like ridging and furrowing or making raised beds before planting is recommended. In addition, amelioration with foliar application of chemicals like nutrients, growth hormones and fungicides is also recommended to overcome nutritional deficiencies, hormonal imbalances and disease infections. Every effort of amelioration should be exerted at the earliest opportunity, since water damage to crops becomes more severe with longer flooding duration. Renuka Rao and Yuncong Li Yuncong Li and Min Zhang Excessive bicarbonate concentrations and high irrigation water pH affect the growth and appearance of nursery plants in southern Florida. A greenhouse experiment consisting of five nitrogen (N) rates of urea or nitric acid was conducted to evaluate the influence of N sources and rates in irrigation water on bicarbonate concentrations, medium pH, and growth and appearance of anthurium (Anthurium andraeanum Lind.) plants. Pot medium pH, dry weight, plant appearance and N uptake by plants were significantly affected by N rates in irrigation water amended with either liquid urea or nitric acid, but the differences between the two N sources were not significant. The optimum growth and the best appearance of anthurium were achieved when N was added to irrigation well water as either urea or nitric acid at a rate of 20 mg·L-1 (ppm) and an electrical conductivity in a range of 0.36 to 0.42 dS·m-1 Nitrogen rates at 80 and 120 mg·L-1 induced adverse plant growth because of the greater salinity of the solutions and the lower pH of the medium. Herbert H. Bryan and Yuncong Li Cover crops have become an integral part of vegetable production practices in south Florida for weed control and retaining nutrients during the heavy summer rains. A wide variety of plants are used as cover crops in south Florida. Obviously, legumes contribute more nitrogen by fixing N compared to nonlegumes such as sorghum sudan grass, which is a common cover crop in this area. We have evaluated 10 cover crops, where six were legumes in 1997. In 1998, four cover crops (sunnhemp, sorghum sudan, sesbania, and aeschynomene) were evaluated. The sunnhemp (Crotalaria juncea L.) stands out from other tested cover crops for 2 years. Sunnhemp produced 8960 to 11,400 kg dry weight/ha and fixed up to 285 kg N/ha. The evaluation of effects of sunnhemp and other cover crops on the following tomato growth and yield are still in progress and will be discussed. Qingren Wang, Yuncong Li and Waldemar Klassen A pot experiment with summer cover crops and soil amendments was conducted in two consecutive years to elucidate the effects of these cover crops and soil amendments on `Clemson Spineless 80' okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) yields and biomass production, and the uptake and distribution of soil nutrients and trace elements. The cover crops were sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea), cowpea (Vigna unguiculata), velvetbean (Mucuna deeringiana), and sorghum sudangrass (Sorghum bicolor × S. bicolor var. sudanense) with fallow as the control. The organic soil amendments were biosolids (sediment from wastewater plants), N-Viro Soil (a mixture of biosolids and coal ash, coal ash (a combustion by-product from power plants), co-compost (a mixture of 3 biosolids: 7 yard waste), and yard waste compost (mainly from leaves and branches of trees and shrubs, and grass clippings) with a soil-incorporated cover crop as the control. As a subsequent vegetable crop, okra was grown after the cover crops, alone or together with the organic soil amendments, had been incorporated. All of the cover crops, except sorghum sudangrass in 2002-03, significantly improved okra fruit yields and the total biomass production (i.e., fruit yields were enhanced by 53% to 62% in 2002-03 and by 28% to 70% in 2003-04). Soil amendments enhanced okra fruit yields from 38.3 to 81.0 g/pot vs. 27.4 g/pot in the control in 2002-03, and from 59.9 to 124.3 g/pot vs. 52.3 g/pot in the control in 2003-04. Both cover crops and soil amendments can substantially improve nutrient uptake and distribution. Among cover crop treatments, sunn hemp showed promising improvement in concentrations of calcium (Ca), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), boron (B), and molybdenum (Mo) in fruit; magnesium (Mg), Zn, Cu, and Mo in shoots; and Mo in roots of okra. Among soil amendments, biosolids had a significant influence on most nutrients by increasing the concentrations of Zn, Cu, Fe, and Mo in the fruit; Mg, Zn, Cu, and Mo in the shoot; and Mg, Zn, and Mo in the root. Concentrations of the trace metal cadmium (Cd) were not increased significantly in either okra fruit, shoot, or root by application of these cover crops or soil amendments, but the lead (Pb) concentration was increased in the fruit by application of a high rate (205 g/pot) of biosolids. These results suggest that cover crops and appropriate amounts of soil amendments can be used to improve soil fertility and okra yield without adverse environmental effects or risk of contamination of the fruit. Further field studies will be required to confirm these findings. Teresa Olczyk, Yuncong Li, Waldemar Klassen and Qingren Wang Summer cover crops can improve soil fertility by adding organic matter, supplying nutrients through mineralization, reducing nutrient leaching, and improving soil water and nutrient holding capacity. Other benefits include weed suppression and reduction of soil parasitic nematodes. A series of field experiments have been conducted at the UF IFAS Tropical Research and Education Center in Homestead, Florida to evaluate several summer cover crops for use in vegetable production in South Florida followed by field demonstrations conducted in the growers' fields. Best performing cover crops were legumes: velvet bean (Macuna deeringiana) and sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea L. `Tropic Sun') providing 13 and 11 Mt of dry matter/ha, respectively. Sunn hemp supplied 330 kg N/ha followed by velvet been with 310 kg N/ha. Traditional summer cover crop sorghum-Sudan produced 4 Mt of dry matter/ha and retained only 36 kg N/ha. In addition Sunn hemp significantly reduced soil parasitic nematodes for successive crops. Limitations in use of Sunn hemp by more vegetable growers in South Florida include cost and availability of seeds. Teresa Olczyk, Yuncong Li, Xing Wang and Eric Simonne Sweet corn (Zea mays) is a major cash crop produced on calcareous soils in Miami–Dade County. Applications of large amounts of phosphorus (P) fertilizer for many years resulted in the accumulation of high levels of P in these soils. Accumulated P is slowly released into the soil solution to become available for plant roots. Previous studies conducted in this area showed little or no yield and crop quality response to P fertilizer applications. Large-scale field trials with reduced P applications were conducted in a grower's field. The treatments were: 1) no P; 2) 50% grower's rate; and 3) 100% grower's rate with six repilications. The data collected included: plant stand, height, nutrient concentrations in leaf tissue, leaf chlorophyll, tip fill, number, and weight of marketable ears/acre. Reduced rates of P fertilizer did not significantly reduce yield and quality of sweet corn. Guodong Liu, D. Marshall Porterfield, Yuncong Li and Waldemar Klassen Large and/or aged seeds are prone to hypoxic conditions during germination. Germination of selected vegetable seeds including corn (Zea mays L.), squash (Cucurbita pepo L.), and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) was studied in water with different concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) solution ranging from 0, 0.06% to 3.0% (v/v) or in aeroponics, all with 0.5 mm CaSO4. Imbibition, oxygen consumption, proton extrusion, and alcohol dehydrogenase (ADHase) activity of corn seeds were measured gravimetrically, electrochemically, and colorimetrically as appropriate. The results showed that 0.15% H2O2 provided the optimum oxygen concentration for seed germination. The germination percentage of aged corn seeds treated with H2O2 was significantly greater than those without H2O2 treatment. Corn embryo orientation in relation to a moist substrate also significantly impacted oxygen bioavailability to the embryo and hence ADHase activity. Corn seeds without H2O2 imbibed significantly more slowly than those with oxygen fortification by 0.15% H2O2. Increased oxygen bioavailability improved the metabolism of the seeds, which extruded 5-fold more protons from the embryos. Each treated embryo consumed twice the amount of oxygen as compared with the untreated one and likewise for treated and untreated endosperms. Increased oxygen bioavailability may be used to improve production of the tested crops. The results from this research imply that consideration should be given to including oxygen fortification in seed coatings for aged seeds and for large seeds regardless of age. The artificial provision of bioavailable oxygen might be effective in rescuing the germplasm in aged seeds in plant breeding and in crop production. Gladis M. Zinati, Herbert H. Bryan and Yuncong Li Using herbs for medicinal purposes, ornamentals, and landscape plantings has increased significantly. Propagating from seeds is considered the most-efficient method of producing medicinal plants for commercial production. Among the herb seeds the purple coneflower (Echinacea angustifolia) was found difficult to germinate. Laboratory studies were conducted to: 1) determine optimum temperature from a temperature range 15 to 30 °C for seed germination; 2) determine effects of 5 10, 20, and 30 days of stratification at 5 and 10 °C in darkness on germination; and 3) determine effects of priming in the dark for 1, 3, 6, and 9 days with 0.1 M KNO3 and biostimulants at optimum temperature to enhance early emergence and final germination. Germination was enhanced from 45% in untreated seeds to 81% in seeds treated with either 50 ppm GA4/7 or 100 ppm ethephon at 24 °C. Final germination was 81% under daylight conditions when seeds were stratified in dark at 10 °C for 30 days over nonstratified seeds (13%). Priming seeds in 0.1 M KNO3 for 3 days significantly enhanced early germination to 70% with 100 and 150 ppm ethephon and final percent germination of 88% with either 100 ppm ethephon or 150 ppm GA4/7, while untreated control seeds resulted in 31% for same period of priming. Yuncong Li, Tom Davenport, Renuka Rao and Qi Zheng Despite the increasing popularity in American markets of the fruit of the illustrious lychee (Litchi chinensis Sonn.), unreliable flowering and yield has had serious impacts on lychee growers in southern Florida. Lychee flowering is normally induced by chilling temperatures. Unpredictable weather, high rainfall, and excessive nutrients cause unreliable flowering in southern Florida. Although growers have no control over the weather, they need to be able to manage the growth, vigor, and reproduction of trees through practices that optimize flowering. When excessively watered and fertilized, lychee trees grow vigorously with frequent vegetative flushes every 2 to 3 months. The lack of maturity of these late vegetative flushes prevents flower stimulation from mild temperatures in January and February, when flowering typically occurs on trees that have not experienced vegetative flushes in the late fall or early winter. Thus, by adopting nitrogen fertilizer management practice, growers should be able to induce abundant flowering even in mild winters. Our preliminary results demonstrated that timing and rates of applications of nitrogen fertilizer significantly affected concentrations of soil and leaf N. High nitrogen levels in the leaves induced more vegetative flushes and less flowering, and consequently less fruit yield. Yang Fang, Jeffrey Williamson, Rebecca Darnell, Yuncong Li and Guodong Liu Southern highbush blueberry (SHB, Vaccinium corymbosum L. interspecific hybrid) is the major species planted in Florida because of the low-chilling requirement and early ripening. The growth pattern and nitrogen (N) demand of SHB may differ from those of northern highbush blueberry (NHB, V. corymbosum L.). Thus, the effect of plant growth stage on N uptake and allocation was studied with containerized 1-year-old SHB grown in pine-bark amended soil. Five ‘Emerald’ plants were each treated with 6 g 10% 15N labeled (NH4)2SO4 at each of 12 dates over 2 years. In the first year, plants were treated once in late winter, four times during the growing season, and once in the fall. In the second year, treatment dates were based on phenological stages. After a 14-day chase period following each 15N treatment, plants were destructively harvested for dry weight (DW) measurements, atom% of 15N, and N content of each of the plant tissues. Total DW increased continuously from mid-May 2015 to Oct. 2015 and from Mar. 2016 to late Sept. 2016. From August to October of both years, external N demand was the greatest and plants absorbed more N during the 2-week chase period, about 0.53 g/plant in year 1 and 0.67 g/plant in year 2, than in chase periods earlier in the season. During March and April, N uptake was as low as 0.03 g/plant/2 weeks in year 1 and 0.21 g/plant/2 weeks in year 2. Nitrogen allocation to each of the tissues varied throughout the season. About half of the N derived from the applied fertilizer was allocated to leaves at all labeling times except the early bloom stage in 2016. These results suggest that young SHB plants absorb greater amounts of N during summer and early fall than in spring.

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CC-MAIN-2019-26

https://journals.ashs.org/search?f_0=author&q_0=Yuncong+Li

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en

PRAMS (Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System) is a joint research project between the Missouri Department of Health and Senior Services and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The purpose is to find out why some babies are born healthy and others are not. To do this, the PRAMS questionnaire asks new mothers questions about their behaviors and experiences around the time of their pregnancy. Each year in Missouri there are hundreds of babies born with serious health problems. Many of these babies die. We need your help to find out why. No matter how your pregnancy went, your answers will help us learn more about ways to improve the chances for future mothers and babies in Missouri.

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CC-MAIN-2019-26

https://mohealth.uservoice.com/knowledgebase/articles/1870003-what-is-prams

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en

If your entire singing experience can be reduced to a traumatic experience in a school choir, it might be time to rethink your abilities and try it again. Here are some of the health benefits that can come along with belting out a tune or two. 1. Singing reduces stress. Unless you suffer from a crippling case of stage fright, singing can improve your mood, reduce anxiety, help ease depression symptoms, and generally make you happier. This information comes from research conducted using surveys and self-reports of those who sing. Scientists are not sure what the physiological changes are that lead to these changes, only that they are consistently reported. 2. Singing can improve bonding. Singing can result in a shared emotional experience and keep you socially connected with others. A recent study showed that newly formed singing groups felt closer to each other after only one month than members of other artsy groups, like writing groups. Singing is definitely an ice-breaker and can help open up quick conversations and opportunities for developing connections. 3. Singing improves immunity. While singing doesn’t cure serious disease, a recent study showed that it could offer some help in the form of boosting immunity, particularly for cancer patients. After singing, it was found that cancer patients showed higher levels of certain immune system molecules called cytokines and lower levels of the stress hormone cortisol. More research is needed, but it’s promising that there are immune system benefits from something as simple as singing. 4. Singing is good for the heart. Singing changes your patterns of breathing. When you take bigger, deeper, slower breaths, you are slowing your heart rate. Like yoga, singing can improve your heart rate variability, which is the time between heart beats. Some research has also shown that groups singing together start to sync their heartbeats, further emphasizing the power of singing when it comes to bonding. 5. Singing improves snoring. A study conducted in London compared singers and non-singers, finding a lower severity of snoring in singers, even when results were adjusted for other factors like BMI and age. Singing helps to strengthen the muscles in our airways—which, when weak, can vibrate and lead to disruptive snoring. 6. Singing may help asthma. Singing is not just a fancy way of breathing. Scientists have been exploring the possibility that the slower rate of breathing can help those with breathing problems like asthma. Research is still in the early stages, but there is some initial evidence that singing can improve lung function and may reduce asthma symptoms—particularly for those with mild asthma symptoms. Start singing, and get these great health benefits. If you are worried about those around you, maybe take some voice lessons, too!

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CC-MAIN-2019-26

https://recipeland.com/news/6-major-benefits-singing-858

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The love of reading is one of the greatest gifts an adult can give to a child. Pragmatically, reading proficiently helps with school work. But it also widens children’s horizons. It can help readers to understand their own world better, and to explore other worlds. Parents often see reading as “school business” – something that teachers are responsible for. But there’s a lot of research that shows the value of reading at home and in the community. Children who read at home with parents or caregivers have an educational advantage that lasts their whole lives. In fact, reading to children helps them develop the language and literacy skills they need to begin formal literacy instruction. Parents, as their children’s first and most important teachers, can make reading fun and inspire a lifelong love of reading. If parents themselves cannot read, others such as older siblings, friends and relatives can play this role. Here, based on our own research studies about reading and drawing from the work being done by organisations dedicated to literacy, are some ideas to get kids reading for fun. Reading as play Children can have fun with reading even before they can read themselves. Reading feeds their fertile imaginations and they do the rest. In one of our research studies, pre-schooler Shafeek* spontaneously dressed up and acted out a story that his mother had read to him. Ashwariya* played “school” by “reading” a story to her toys. Again, she could not yet read but used the pictures and her memory for her game. These examples show that reading can be made fun by linking it to play – through acting out, drawing pictures, dressing up, creating objects, or many other creative activities. Sometimes children do this on their own. But parents and teachers can also provide guided play activities. Reading routines are important at home. This could take the form of “bedtime story”, reading prayers or verses from a sacred book, or regular weekend reading. Young children often love to hear the same story again and again. This is important for their emergent literacy as they learn how stories work, and how to “read” backwards and forwards. Children enjoy singing songs and rhymes and this is a fun activity for reading development too. These allow children to play with words and sounds which is the first step in developing their phonological awareness, an integral skill to develop for reading. Children can have fun by joining in family reading activities. This could mean looking at advertisements and, even if they cannot yet read, identifying pictures of items. It could mean turning the pages of newspapers or magazines for a parent and learning how to hold a book the right way up. Family photo albums are also great for learning to “read” pictures and hear family stories. Children learn to respect and handle books by seeing their caregivers do so. Above all, caregivers should read to their children as an activity that’s designed to make meaning with a focus on understanding. One of the weaknesses of teaching reading at South African schools, for instance, is that it often does not focus on comprehension. Parents can make reading meaningful getting children to preview a text (look at the title, cover and pictures before they read) and guess what it will be about. They can also ask questions as they read (“Why did she/he do that? Do you think it was the right thing? What do you think will happen next?”), link the story to children’s lives and experiences, and get them to make up their own endings. Some older children enjoy keeping a “reading diary” of books they have read with their impressions. Reading can also be a prompt for writing their own stories. Creating and writing for a school newspaper or magazine can be great fun and can be adapted to suit the technology available in the school. Reading their own texts Reading is difficult but it can be made more accessible if children are presented with opportunities to develop their own texts to read. An example of this could be to write a story with the child and have them read it themselves. Such a text would consist of vocabulary familiar to the child and it would scaffold comprehension of reading. If children are involved in developing their own texts for reading, it becomes a personal and authentic experience based on their own interests and needs. Producing their own texts also gives children a sense of ownership that helps them to take responsibility for the process. Finding the right stuff While there is no shortage of children’s books in English, finding suitable reading material in African languages and about African contexts can be a problem. Many public libraries stock such books. Nalibali has a great range of stories in South African languages. The Family Literacy Project has developed many wonderful ideas for developing reading, including box libraries, reading clubs and Umzali Nengane (Parent and Child) journals. Paulo Freire, the great Brazilian educator, talked about “reading the word in order to read the world”. He showed how reading critically and creatively can help people change their lives and create a better world. Something so important should not be left to teachers alone. *Not their real names. Author Bios: Peter Rule is an Associate Professor, Centre for Higher and Adult Education and Zelda Barends is a Lecturer both at Stellenbosch University

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CC-MAIN-2019-26

https://world.edu/how-to-make-reading-fun-and-part-of-life-beyond-the-school-room/

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Write 18 tips at the beginning and end of the public article! Image source map insect: used by the stationmaster’s home A few days ago, I saw someone saying: “I am doing new media operations. I always think about the content framework when I write an article, but I don’t know what to write at the beginning and end. Sometimes, the article is finished, and it will not start at the beginning.” When writing an article, this phenomenon is very common, just like many people are always hesitant about the title, do not know how to write. But the beginning and the end are crucial. Instead of the user clicking on the title to enter your article, he will be serious about seeing your article. There is no article at the beginning to arouse his desire to read, let him put his attention on the article, maybe your users ran early. Without writing the end, it may make your article abandon or even ruin. So, how to write the beginning and end of the public number article? Here the old thief gives you some suggestions that will be available immediately. If you have an impression, you will find that many of the big V articles are written at the beginning and end. Concentrated essence: You can briefly summarize the core points of the article, so that readers can anticipate in advance. For example, you can write the article content framework at the beginning to make it easier for readers to read and understand; you can also summarize the content of the full text, why, and what you can get after reading it; Fixed style: You can edit a unique opening based on your own public number, fixed style layout, long-term use. And each time just change the keywords of different themes, such as “Hello everyone, welcome to listen to your moon, my heart…” Describe the pain points: you can throw out the pain points of the majority of readers, stimulate interest, and then give suggestions or solutions step by step. Such an article structure basically conforms to the SCQA structure proposed in the Principles of Pyramid; Create suspense: you can create suspense, shape contrast, form conflicts, etc., and stimulate readers’ curiosity. This should be the most beginning form I have ever seen. The famous quote of the verse: You can use the powerful verses or famous words to directly adjust the whole article, and immediately let the reader nod. However, the famous saying is easy to find, the golden sentence is hard to find. Come to the bowl of chicken soup: similar to the golden sentence, the chicken soup is also a very common method at the beginning of the article. Although readers are becoming more and more immune to chicken soup, you have to admit that good chicken soup is always more resonating and involved in emotions. Tell a story: You can also tell a little story at the beginning. People who tell stories never worry about not starting. It is still one of the most effective ways to attract readers to read, sometimes not even one. Open the door: You can also have something to say, and you can see the point of view. This method is still very suitable for the current era of fragmented reading, because it is not arrogant, nor does it go around. Introducing events: You can also transition your mind to the body content by describing a news, your own knowledge, or the latest events. This role in the beginning of the article is actually very similar to storytelling. Tell a story: You can also write a general phenomenon, or a sudden phenomenon, or a phenomenon that many people have not discovered, associated with the text. The more insightful the phenomenon is, the more amazing it is. OK, write the 10 suggestions at the beginning of the public article, and say this. Let me talk about some of the writings at the end of the article: To sum up the full text: You can briefly summarize the full text, and help the reader to finally clear the way of thinking and highlight the perceived value at the end of the article. Emphasis on the point of view: You can re-emphasize the core view of the full text and sublimate the theme so that users can firmly grasp your point. Resonance of chicken soup: You can directly lick chicken soup, which is to impress the reader naked. The famous saying of gold verse: You can make a golden sentence or quote a famous saying, and force you to improve immediately. This will also stimulate readers to share and quote into the circle of friends. Topic interaction: It is also possible to throw an interactive topic and trigger discussion. It does not necessarily need to be related to the article, the focus is on the style. Next notice : You can also make a notice of the next issue, and tie your readers. Keep an eye on it, the next issue is more exciting! Throw the question: You can also throw a question related to the content of the article at the end of the text, or a new question, and give the answer in the next issue or reply to the keyword. Stay tuned, there are answers here! Customary mantra: You can also edit the terminology of your own unique style for a long time. It can be the mantra of this number, it can be Slogan, or it can be a specially prepared paragraph… Anyway, even if you really can’t think of a good ending, don’t use a bunch of irrelevant nonsense, even if you use a very personal END is better than the end. Going back to the question at the beginning, the old thief thinks that you don’t think about the content framework but don’t know what to write at the beginning and end. It is precisely because you didn’t make the systematic idea of the article framework. If you want to be clear, you will know exactly what the context of the article is and how you will advance in layers! You are like an architect. Your article is actually the building you want to build. Once you have made every step of the building clear, build a clear drawing, and the rest is to make it beautifully built. At this time, you should not know what to write, but should be entangled in how to write better. So, these suggestions come in handy! June 19, 2019 June 17, 2019 June 17, 2019

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CC-MAIN-2019-26

https://www.bukisweb.com/write-18-tips-beginning-end-public-article

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en

Did you know that more than 1 billion plastic bags are handed out in Canada each year? They can all be reused and recycled. Students in Mme. MacDonald’s and Mme. Boychuks’s classes at Bertha Shaw as well as students in Mr. Wray’s and Mrs. Mahon’s classes at Golden Avenue participated in the Plastic Grab Bag Challenge in April. The students challenged their schools to collect as many plastic bags as possible, collecting over 500 plastic bags in total! They spread an environmental message, stating: “Make an impact, reduce your footprint, reuse the bag!”. The collected plastic bags were then reused to make skipping ropes. Together, students from both schools collaborated and made more than 2 dozen skipping ropes, which are currently being used at recess, in the community, and during The Heart and Stroke’s Jump Off event. By collecting and reusing the plastic bags, students have saved local wildlife from suffering the ills of consuming the plastic in our local landfills and environment.

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CC-MAIN-2019-26

https://www.dsb1.ca/school/berthashaw/Pages/newsitem.aspx

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Schools undertake a range of student assessment and reporting activities to inform and support student learning. Assessment is the ongoing process of gathering, analysing and interpreting, using and reflecting on data to make informed and consistent judgements about learners’ progress and achievement to improve learning. For more information see: Department resources below. Reporting communicates comprehensive information about student learning and achievement in different forms to a range of audiences for a variety of purposes. Comprehensive reporting covers three major areas: - Student reporting: schools report to parents/carers using student reports, strengthening family partnerships by engaging teachers and families in regular and meaningful communication about students’ learning needs - School reporting: schools report to the local community via their annual report, providing a concise summary of the school’s achievements and progress - System reporting: the Department reports systemic improvement to the broader educational community through state-wide and national reports, providing statistical and related information about Victorian educational outcomes. Additionally, schools enrolling international students are required to monitor their academic progress, accommodation and welfare issues and implement a documented intervention strategy where academic progress is at risk of failing to meet minimum Student Visa requirements (satisfactory completion of 50% or more of the units attempted in a study period). For information about the types of student assessment reports that are either produced or used by schools see: Reporting Student Progress and Achievement

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Mapping aids mitigation and planning in Washington State Landslides, triggered by large storm systems and earthquakes, can cause hundreds of millions of dollars of damage in Washington. Along with landslides, tsunamis caused by seismic activity and lahars resulting from volcanic eruptions can threaten the safety and property of residents in Washington state. Geologists from the Washington State Department of Natural Resources (DNR) Geology and Earth Resources Division have been identifying, assessing, and mapping these geologic hazards for years. Now the Washington State Geologic Information Portal makes this vital information available through interactive GIS-based hazard maps that aid land-use and emergency management planning, disaster response, and building code amendment. “We have a lot of GIS-based geologic data, and much of it is pretty complex,” said Karen Meyers, an editor at the Geology and Earth Resources Division at DNR and manager of the Washington State Geologic Information Portal. “We wanted to give the public accurate data so that they can see the relationship of geology to where they are and how geology affects their life without having to know how to use GIS.” As Washington’s population has continued to grow, so has the pressure to build in hazardous areas. The 1990 Growth Management Act mandates the use of the best available science to manage the state’s growth intelligently. In 2000, the perspective on how DNR data could be used began to shift as the organization realized that maps and the spatial relationships they convey can be understood not only by specialists but also by a much wider audience. Anyone could discover patterns and relationships in digital maps and even make their own maps using a relatively simple front-end system that accessed cartographic information and processing power. Initially the department adopted ArcIMS, Esri’s first Internet map server, to map data from the department’s databases and make it available through a website. Recently, the department migrated its interactive mapping from ArcIMS to ArcGIS for Server, which provides faster performance, and has developed a gallery of maps that make its resources readily available. The Landslides in Washington State map exemplifies how these maps make DNR’s work benefit a larger audience. Using ArcGIS for Server, DNR connected its basemap services to information from its landslide database so that anyone can see the landslide history and potential in any given area. “The landslide maps show which areas have been prone to collapse in the past so that local jurisdictions can draft their mitigation plans,” said Meyers. “If they know a storm is coming, they can use these maps to focus their attention on areas known to be landslide prone.” That helps DNR issue more granular landslide alerts and be better prepared to deal with the problems when they occur. Danger to Land from the Sea Although less common than landslides, tsunamis pose a real risk to coastal communities in Washington, which is located next to the giant Cascadia subduction zone, a fault of more than 600 miles that stretches along the Pacific coast from Northern Vancouver Island to Cape Mendocino. An earthquake in this region could generate a tsunami that would strike Washington with great force in a short time. DNR combines land-use and land-cover datasets with inundation mapping to assess what areas would receive the greatest impact from a tsunami. “We calculate wave height, velocities, and amplitudes from topography and bathymetry and then feed it into ArcGIS for Server to show the extent of inundation on a map,” said Tim Walsh, geohazards geologist at DNR. “That helps us better understand how these populations and structures will be affected.” A layer showing inundation is part of the Washington Interactive Geologic Map. This map also contains layers showing liquefaction. Walsh and his team used data from DNR’s liquefaction susceptibility index, an engineering proxy to test load-bearing capacity for buildings, to create the map. “Taking into account earthquake-induced liquefaction potential in tsunami inundation zones makes it more than just pushpins on a map,” said Walsh. “Incorporating information about soil helps jurisdictions create safer and more efficient evacuation routes that take into account the collateral damage from an earthquake.” Walsh and his team include data from landslide hazard maps when creating the evacuation maps and brochures, since extreme shaking would loosen soil in landslide-prone areas. This helps emergency response know the stable areas to send personnel to in such an event. Walsh and his team also created separate tsunami evacuation zone maps in ArcGIS that were output as PDFs to make them available on-site. Washington’s Mount Rainier has the potential for a major eruption. If such an explosion occurred, it could melt the mountain’s picturesque snow cover and create huge mudflows called lahars. Historically, major lahars have occurred every 500 to 1,000 years, caused not only by volcanic eruptions but also as a result of avalanches and earthquake. DNR has estimated that an eruption of Mount Rainier could produce property losses of as much as $6 billion to communities in the Puyallup Valley. Over the years, the US Geological Survey has collected and compiled data on hazard zones for one of North America’s most dangerous volcanoes. DNR has used that data showing the predicted path and extent of such flows and a parcel layer providing the value of land and structures. This map not only aids in mitigation planning and emergency response for surrounding communities but also helps estimate losses from lahars.

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Kicking occurs in a wide range of sports from soccer to American football, rugby, martial arts and many others. Most of the research done over the last several decades has focused on the mechanics of the kicking leg with minimal attention given to the stance leg. In addition to this narrow focus, the kicks analyzed in these studies are mostly soccer movements. The applicability of the soccer kick to other kicking sports is highly generalized, and should be taken with a grain of salt. What is clear, is that joint velocities and movement timing affect performance – and when the performance goal changes (speed, distance, accuracy), whole-body kinetic and kinematic strategies adjust. The Kicking Leg Research has shown that having an effective kick is primarily the proximal to distal sequencing of the leg segments. This is predominantly analyzed in one plane of movement – the sagittal plane. The flexion of the hip and the extension of the knee. Specifically, the hip extends backwards as the knee flexes. Then as the hip flexes forward, the knee continues into further flexion, holds that position for a moment, and then begins to extend before the hip reaches maximum flexion angular velocity. Knee extension then reaches maximum angular velocity at the time of ball contact. This whip-like sequence maximizes foot speed at contact, which is associated with ball speed. The whip becomes most effective when the movements and velocities of the joints are timed appropriately. Specifically, sooner initiation of knee extension after the hip begins flexion seems to increase ball speed without any marked increases in joint angular velocity. This demonstrates a coordinative skill that allows the shin to maximize the momentum it gains from the thigh. Timing is everything. The coordination sequence described above is important, however, movements in the frontal and transverse places are largely ignored. But using your eye or even high speed 2D video, how can you tell how much your leg is rotating or adducting? Why is it important? The knee: Although we think of the knee as a joint that only flexes and extends, it can also flex laterally and rotate passively. Too much of this movement is typically where we see injury occur, so it is important to know what kind of extra movement you are experiencing at the knee. The hip: The hip is a ball and socket joint. As such, it can move in all three planes. With this level of movement freedom comes great responsibility – stability! A skilled player can not only move their hip through a large range of motion, but they can also control their hip from moving in unwanted directions. Control at the hip is important in the kicking leg, but even more so in the stance leg. The Stance Leg The strength and stability required of the stance leg is substantial. The forces that the athlete gains from the ground are initially transferred from the stance leg through the body to the kicking foot. Therefore, it is not surprising that research has found the sagittal joint movements at the knee and ankle of the stance leg to be significantly larger than the kicking leg because you’re holding a strong position and controlling your stance leg as you move the rest of your body around this pillar you have created. An interesting twist in the research is that the vertical ground reaction force measured in the stance leg has no correlation to kicking foot speed. The mediolateral forces DID show a correlation, but only with the dominant leg. The postural balance of the rest of the body, in addition to the strength and stability of the stance leg is highly correlated to coordination and skill-level. With your younger or less skilled players, have them hold onto a rigid support on the stance leg side. Providing this postural assistance on the stance leg should significantly increase ball velocity and accuracy. This highlights the importance of balance and stability in performance. What Can Athletes Do? Get measured! Find out how you are really moving! Using 3D motion capture and force plate technology, we can measure performance mechanics and balance to discover the real strengths and weaknesses that are hindering the development of athletes of all skill levels. The unique timing and speed requirements of various kicking skills are precise and make an enormous difference in performance. Uncovering unique postural, balance, and mechanical inefficiencies in athletes allows trainers to design programs to maximize improvement in a shorter amout of time.

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One of the major issues that Henry VII had to deal with was retaining. Retaining was a problem that had haunted kings for some time and was sometimes referred to as livery or maintenance. Livery was the giving of a uniform or badge to a follower and maintenance was the protection of a retainer’s interests. Retaining was where great lords recruited those of a lower social status as their followers or servants and a retainer’s job was to advance their lord’s position within the land and this included the use of arms if this was felt necessary. The were given a uniform (livery) to show who their master was and it also served to reinforce that a retainer was under the control of his lord. Retaining had been allowed in the past as kings accepted that a noble needed a strong retinue of a certain social class serving him if he was to assert his authority within his locality. By allowing retaining a king could all but guarantee social stability in his kingdom. Retaining also served another purpose – the king frequently needed a large army at short notice to fight foreign campaigns and retaining effectively allowed a king to gather around him a sizeable number of trained men at short notice. However, retaining also had one obvious weakness. There was always the chance that one nobleman or several grouped together would become more powerful than the king. This was something that Henry VII was not willing to tolerate or risk. Edward IV had legislation passed in 1468 that outlawed retaining except in the cases of domestic servants, estate officials and legal advisers. However, the law was effectively ignored and it also had a major weakness contained within it – it allowed retaining for ‘lawful service’. Therefore lords continued to maintain their retinues claiming that the men in them were for ‘lawful service’. Therefore, these retainers continued to provide a possible threat to the king. At the start of his reign Henry VII publicly condemned retaining. In 1487 and in 1504 laws were passed which seemingly outlawed the practice. However, while the public face of Henry condemned retaining, historians believe that privately he thought differently. It is very possible that Henry recognised that the practice of retaining had benefits for the king in times of trouble and that incidents of the monarch being threatened by retaining were rare. Therefore, rather than outlaw retaining it is believed that privately Henry only wanted to restrict it. It was the army of the Earl of Northumberland that had saved the king in Yorkshire in 1486 and a number of his foreign ventures were based around the armies of lords as opposed to a royal army. When analysed, the two laws of 1487 and 1504 merely clarified certain areas that were open to question in the 1468 law passed by Edward IV. While both members of the Houses of Parliament had to swear that they would not retain illegally, they were still allowed to retain within the law. Henry’s two laws clarified what was meant by ‘lawful’ retaining and they did contain the rider that a retinue was not to be misused. The 1504 law brought in a licensing system whereby a lord could employ retainers for the king’s system alone. He needed a licence with the seal of the Privy Council and the licence was only valid for the lifetime of the king. One of the licences stated: “Henry, by the grace of God, King of England and of France and Lord of Ireland – greeting….we….by the advice of our Council, intending to provide a good, substantial and competent number of captains and able men of our subjects to be in readiness to serve us at our pleasure when the case shall require, and trusting in your faith and truth, will and desire you, and by these presents give unto your full power an authority from henceforth during our pleasure to take, appoint and retain by indenture or covenant in form or manner as hereafter ensueth, and none otherwise, such persons our subjects as by your discretion shall be thought and seemeth to you to be able men to do us service in the war in your company under you and at your leading at all times and places and as often as it shall please us to command and assign you, to the number of persons, whose names be contained in a certificate by you made in a bill of parchment indented betwixt us and you interchangeably signed by us and subscribed with your hand and to our secretary delivered…..PROVIDED always that you retain not above the said number which you shall indent for in form and manner hereafter ensuing. PROVIDED also the same able persons shall not be chosen, taken nor retained but only of your own tenants or of the inhabitants within any office that you have of our grant.” How successful was Henry in limiting retaining? Henry was obviously successful in moving retaining into a system, which he felt in control of. The number of retainers fell as his reign progressed. Evidence suggests that certain magnates such as Buckingham and Northumberland got around this by employing more men to work on their estates than was really necessary. However, both men covered their tracks well and no evidence was found by Henry or his supporters to support this. Those who did break the law and were caught were fined. In 1506, Lord Burgavenny was deemed to have too many retainers for his needs and was fined £5 for every retainer. His fine totalled £70,550 – a huge sum of money then. Henry suspended the sum and held Burgavenny to a promise that he would adhere to the rules. Henry won on two counts – the nobility would have been horrified at the total fine they could pay (using the Burgavenny example) if Henry used the law to its fullest extent and he tied closer to him a noble who had been implicated in the Cornish Rebellion. Henry treated all the nobles the same with regards to retaining. Whereas Edward IV had allowed those nobles who were closest to him to do as they wished with regards to retaining, Henry did not – as the Earl of Oxford was to find out. Oxford was one of Henry’s closest advisors. When Oxford entertained Henry at his castle at Henningham, the Earl put on a grand finale with all his retainers flanking the royal carriage as it drove out of the estate. Henry asked Oxford who all the people were and Oxford casually informed the king that they were retainers. He was fined 15,000 marks. Retaining continued into the reign of Elizabeth I but Henry succeeded in bringing it far more under his control than any of his predecessors had.

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TIPS TO REMEMBER WHEN FEEDING YOUR GROWING HOCKEY PLAYER When it comes to nourishing young sportswomen and ensuring they have enough energy for a long day of both school and sport, it is very different to that of feeding adults. Children have their own set of nutritional needs in order to maintain optimum health. When thinking of what foods to prepare for your child, the most important things to keep in mind are hydration and blood-sugar levels. Here are a few tips to ensure she is ready for hockey practice and feels great throughout the day. Essential nutrition tips for young sportswomen: - Most importantly, your child needs plenty of water, particularly during the summer months. If not hydrated, heat stroke is a common problem among children who play sport. On average, the following amounts of water should be consumed per day: - Aged 5 to 8 – 5 glasses per day (1 litre) - Aged 9 to 12 – 7 glasses per day (1.5 litres) - Aged 13 and older – 8 to 10 glasses per day (2 litres) Please note that when playing sport or on hot days, children need to drink their daily average and more to stay hydrated. - Breakfast is the most important meal of the day and essential for your daughter’s concentration levels during the day. It can be difficult to get your child eating at the table in the morning and the best solution is a smoothie breakfast that they can drink on their way to school. - Fibre and protein are essential to keep your daughter’s energy levels sustained. However; when getting fibre into your daughter’s diet, not just any carbohydrate will do; wholegrain carbohydrates contain the most fibre. When used in combination, as a snack or in a meal, carbohydrates are released slowly and blood-glucose levels (energy) is kept constant. We have provided you with a list below to ensure you make the right fibre-protein snack and meal combinations. - Vegetables – preferably those rich in colour - Breakfast cereals – low in sugar eg oats - Wholegrain pastas, bread, rice or other grains - Seeds and nuts - Legumes – beans, peas, lentils - Lean meat - Sugar intake. Our brains are fuelled by blood-sugar or glucose. Having the right fibre-protein combination, as in the point above, will certainly help feed the brain throughout the day; however, if too much sugar is eaten it can also affect your daughter negatively. The important thing to monitor is how much sugar your daughter is eating; too much and she may be hyperactive, too little and she will feel tired, dizzy, irritable and anxious. As a rule of thumb, anything with – “ose” at the end should be avoided. - Caffeine disrupts blood-sugar balance, is an appetite suppressant and disrupts sleeping patterns. The worst stimulants are coffee, tea, energy drinks, sodas and chocolate products. In addition, many of these stimulants contain high levels of sugar. Try to stick to low-sugar, caffeine-free drinks like rooibos or green tea. Understanding your daughter’s delicate sugar balance is the key to managing her performance during the day. As she gets older, teach her how to manage her blood-sugar levels – a valuable life skill many adults have yet to master.

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This work contains the first comprehensive description of Sabanê, an endangered language of the Nambikwara family, spoken in Southern Amazon, Brazil. The Sabanê live divided over two villages in the states of Rondônia and Mato Grosso. While around 140 people regard themselves as ethnic Sabanê, only three speak the language as their mother tongue, all of whom are over sixty years old. The language is no longer used in the community, and is therefore severely threatened by extinction. Thus, this work intends to contribute to the documentation and maintenance of the language. This study is based on first-hand data collected in fieldwork trips conducted between 2000 and 2004. This Grammar contains a description of the Phonology, the Morphology, and the Syntax. The book is of interest to scholars of South American languages, Nambikwaran languages, linguistic typology, grammar, and general linguistics.

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Medusa is one of the three sisters Gorgons. The other two were Stheno (the oldest of the sisters) and Euryale. The three Gorgons appear sometimes as women or mermaid like creatures but monstrous, with serpent’s skin, sharp teeth and venomous snakes on their head instead of hair living near Libya. The Story of Medusa The Gorgons were the three daughters of the primordial sea God Phorcys and the Goddess Ceto. Both Phorcys and Ceto where the son and daughter of the mother Earth, Gaia and the sea God Pontus who was born according to Hesiod’s Theogonia without coupling. But, while Stheno and Euryale was immortal, Medusa was not. Medusa was also known as Gorgo. Her name, comes from the ancient greek word “μεδώ” and means the Protectress, the Mistress and her other name Gorgo means the one with the wild eyes. Medusa was once a very beautiful lady, who unfortunately made love to the Olympic sea God Poseidon in the sacred ground of Athena‘s temple. Athena as a virgin Goddess was furious for her sacred groves desecration, so she cursed her to this monstrous form, but at the same time she granted her the ability to petrify anyone who would look into her eyes. Athena’s powerful Shield has Medusa’s head on it According to the myth, the hero Perseus the legendary founder of the Perseid dynasty of Danaans (major Greek tribe) decapitated Medusa with the help of the Goddess Athena giving him the advice Never to look into her eyes but only by the reflection of her, on After that, he used the head to turn the Titan Atlas into stone (thus creating the Mount Atlas in Africa) and after that he delivered the head of the Gorgon to the Goddess when she integrated the Medusa”s head with he almighty Shield creating the Gorgoneion/Gorgonion. Gorgonion is a really powerful Weapon against evil. Goddess Athena was one the most favourite Goddesses in the ancient world because of her wisdom and her protective aspects. Gorgoneion like shields were used for ages by the Greek warrior believing that they would be more protective under the frightening sight of Medusa. Medusa is so famous for the protective powers that even the Greek Orthodox Christians adopted the word Gorgon to use for virgin Mary. There is church of Madonna the Gorgon in a greek island and even a greek song calling virgin Mary a gorgon. Many houses decorated their doors with Gorgoneion. Interestingly inthe middle ages, even after all the Witch-hunt craze, the Gorgonion was still being used widely in Europe to houses and even to churches (Medusa-like gargoyles). Even today Gorgonion is really popular. Gianni Versace, the famous fashion designer depicted on the logo of his company the head of Medusa! TRY THIS! You can simply Print the Image of the Gorgon Medusa and hang it on your house”s walls/door looking out of your house. This is the cheapest way to make this powerful charm work for you. Medusa”s head is really popular and you will be able to buy a more elegant decoration for your door and your walls if you are willing to spend more money. Gorgoneion, the Medusa”s head can be used for: - Protection against evil entities - Protection against the evil eye - Protection against ghosts - Protection against the negative energies of a suspicious neighbour or a cemetery - Exorcism, banishing and purifying rites You can even wear an amulet / talisman with Gorgoneion to be protected from evil energies.

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CC-MAIN-2019-26

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Malaria parasites have evolved to be most infectious at the time of day when mosquitoes feed, to maximize the chance of being spread, research shows. The finding explains why people with the disease experience regular bouts of fever. These occur as the parasites that cause malaria replicate in the bloodstream of infected people or animals, in preparation for being picked up by a biting mosquito. The study is the first to provide strong evidence for this idea, which was first suggested 50 years ago. As increasing use of bednets by people in affected regions drives mosquitoes to feed during the day, malaria parasites may also have to adapt their behavior so that they are better able to spread infection in the daytime, the results suggest. Scientists from the University of Edinburgh studied daily rhythms of malaria parasites and the mosquitoes that spread them. In a lab experiment with mice, scientists used light and darkness to separately alter the day and night times of mosquitoes and malaria parasites. By feeding some insects during the day and others at night, they learned how both the parasites' ability to cause infection - and the mosquitoes' vulnerability to disease - varied depending on the time of day. Their results showed that cycles of fever in malaria infection likely evolved to produce forms of the parasite that are infectious to mosquitoes in sync with the insects' feeding cycles. They also showed that mosquitoes are more susceptible to infection in the daytime. The study, supported by the Natural Environment Research Council, the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council, Wellcome and the Human Frontier Science Program, was published in Proceedings of the Royal Society B. Dr Petra Schneider, of the University of Edinburgh's School of Biological Sciences, said: "It has long been suspected that malaria parasites time their replication to maximize their chance of transmission by mosquitoes. Our findings lend valuable insight into how this disease spreads, and could inform measures to control it."

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51.1 MB (1.2 MB compressed) 4228 x 4228 pixels 35.8 x 35.8 cm ⏐ 14.1 x 14.1 in (300dpi) JOHN BAVOSI / SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY JOHN BAVOSI / SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY Diarrhoea. Artwork of the human large intestine surrounded by some of the microorganisms that can cause diarrhoea. Diarrhoea is the frequent passing of liquid stools as a symptom of inflammation, infection or even anxiety. Ingested microorganisms as a result of poor hygiene or food storage can lead to various diseases whose symptoms include diarrhoea. Rod-shaped (bacillus) bacteria are seen at upper left, upper and center right, which could include Salmonella, Escherichia coli (E. coli), Campylobacter and Cryptosporidium. The protozoan Giardia lamblia is seen at bottom right, Staphylococcus bacteria at centre left and Vibrio cholerae bacteria at lower left. Model release not required. Property release not required.

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British Public Still Uninformed On The Risk Of Cancer Development In Obese Individuals In a report on BBC, Cancer Research UK found out that 3 out of 4 people were unaware that obese people are prone in developing 10 different types of cancer. The data was pooled from an online survey of more than 3,000 UK respondents. UK health officials are questioned on their efficiency of their campaign particularly in disseminating necessary information like this to the public. This campaign on obesity started when a research surfaced which concludes that obesity contributes in the development of more than 18,000 cases of cancer in the UK annually. There were 10 types of cancer linked to obesity which includes esophageal, liver, breast, gall bladder, colon, prostate, kidney, pancreatic, ovarian and uterine cancer. Among the 10 types, colon, kidney, uterine and post-menopausal breast cancer were the most common. A person can determine if they are obese based on the ratio of their height and weight or the Body Mass Index. If your BMI value is more than 30, you are considered as obese. Statistics in the UK reveals that quarter of the adult population in the UK is classified as obese. Cancer Research UK urges the government to take action in the said information deficiency. They also emphasized that a national campaign should be implemented especially to address obesity in children. "The government acknowledges that marketing junk food to kids is a problem and has removed these adverts during children's programming." Alison Cox, director of prevention at Cancer Research UK said in the BBC report. Public Health England already launched several programs to address the issue. They are expecting that by 2020, all companies in the food industry will comply with rule to decrease 20% sugar content in their product. Currently, Cancer Research UK is strengthening its information campaign on the link of obesity to cancer development. CRUK claims that obesity is the most preventable single cause of cancer next to smoking. They are also urging the government to implement policies, like banning junk food TV ads and a tax increase for drinks with high sugar content, to implement their campaign in a national scale.

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The skeletal remains of a group of hunter-gatherers killed in a brutal slaughter 10,000 years ago has been uncovered, with scientists believing it is the oldest known example of human warfare. The remains of 27 people, including six children and eight women, were found on the border of an ancient lagoon at Nataruk, near Lake Turkana in Kenya, in 2012. Ten of the 12 complete skeletons excavated appeared to have been of people killed violently with crushing blows to the skull and fatal arrow wounds. Several others appear to have died with their hands and feet bound, the scientists said. The fossilised remains of a six- to nine-month-old fetus were discovered in the stomach cavity of one of the female skeletons. None of the bodies had been buried; they were found scattered around the lagoon, often face down in the mud. The international research offered "a rare glimpse into the life and death of past foraging people", according to the findings. Radiocarbon dating researcher Rachel Wood from the Australian National University estimated the bodies were between 9500 and 10,500 years old, by measuring radioactive traces of uranium in the bones. "It is a highly emotional find. It is hard not to be moved by the intentional killing of a group of men, women and children, even if it did happen 10,000 years ago," Dr Wood said. Arrowheads found near the bodies were made of obsidian, a black volcanic rock not used by the tribes in the region, which suggests the group were killed by external parties. The origins of human warfare are highly controversial among scientists, the report said. Previously, evidence of large-scale warfare between hunter-gatherer groups was "extremely rare", but was more typical of settled societies. Scientists remain uncertain as to the motivations behind the massacre, but speculate that it was either a raid for resources on a newly settled tribe, or a "standard antagonistic response" to a meeting between two hunter-gatherer groups. Rainer Grun, director of Griffith University's Research Centre of Human Evolution, said the findings were one of the "earliest indications of humankind's propensity for group violence". "Not only does this broaden our knowledge of early human behaviour, it raises questions about whether the capacity for organised violence is elemental to our nature or a product of circumstances and opportunity," Professor Grun said. "In either case, the deaths at Nataruk are testimony to the antiquity of inter-group violence and war," the study reported. The research was led by the University of Cambridge and published in the scientific journal Nature on Thursday.

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Suppose every man is a sculptor and his mouth and mind, his chisel. A story is then not the work of one man, but the magnum opus of many. Handed to and fro, a story is quick to lose its original silhouette and men are quick to forget it. No better example perseveres than the oldest and most influential story of all: The Bible. The Bible is literature, art, and most importantly, a source of fundamental morality that has driven men to war, persecution, and pilgrimage. It persists in every person’s life, Christian or not. Of this collection of stories one of the most infamous is that of Cain and Abel. But after centuries of being communicated away from the explicit text, the story of Cain and Abel has been distorted to characterize its subjects to moralistic extremes. The notoriety of Cain and Abel can be attributed to its rather severe content. In no more than sixteen verses, the story of Cain and Abel is relayed with unforgiving conciseness. Cain and Abel are born to Adam and Eve. Cain, the elder brother, is a farmer and Abel, a shepherd. As time passed, the two brothers eventually came to make offerings to God: Cain offered the Lord the fruit of his harvest and Abel, the firstlings of his flock. “And the Lord had respect unto Abel and to his offering: But unto Cain and to his offering he had no respect. And Cain was very wroth, and his countenance fell (Genesis 4: 4-6).” Later in the fields, Cain “rose up against Abel his brother, and slew him.” It is crucial to remember that The Bible is a religious text and its stories are meant to reflect its intended scruples. Nevertheless, The Bible has grown up and out of itself. Its stories are no longer bound by its covers and are instead shared actively by mouth and other adaptations and allusions. These diversions from the text do two things: they spread the word and more often than not, caricaturize it. Lessons of good and evil are exaggerated, contorted in order to convey morality as effectively and... Please join StudyMode to read the full document

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Another blast from the past, Mocquet et al. (2014) was the topic of our journal club this week, a paper that seeks to answer the question “What would Jupiter look like if you took away its atmosphere?”. Given the enormous number of gas-rich exoplanets very close to their host stars discovered in recent years, many astronomers (including myself) have wondered whether such planets could have their atmospheres completely removed. We certainly see some very hot planets where intense sunlight is blasting away their atmospheres, and in other cases, the star’s gravity can rip off the atmosphere. And so it’s not crazy to think some gaseous planets might completely lose their atmospheres. Would anything be left over? Astronomers think that gas giants like Jupiter are like big cherries, with a squishy outer layer of gas wrapped around a dense pit of rock. Indeed, the Juno mission currently in orbit around Jupiter is designed to measure the size of Jupiter’s core by measuring its gravitational field very precisely. And so the cores of gas giants are under enormous pressure – for instance, the core of Jupiter is being squeezed by 45,000 times the pressure at the bottom of the Mariana Trench on Earth. In their study, Mocquet and colleagues explore what happens to a rocky core under such large pressures. Not surprisingly, they find that such a core would have an enormous density, perhaps three times larger than the Earth’s. But what is surprisingly is that their results suggest the core might retain a very large density even if you removed the overlying atmosphere. It’s as if you squeezed down a nerf ball and then let it go – instead of springing back immediately, the nerf ball would take a few billion years to decompress. This means that we might be able to identify the cores of former gas giants by looking for planets roughly the size of Earth but with anomalously high densities. And in fact, such planets have been found – the planet Kepler-57 b has a mass more than 100 times Earth’s but squeezed into a volume only ten times larger, giving a density of almost 44 grams per cubic centimeter – twice the density of the densest element on Earth, osmium. A BLT and fingersteak basket later, Nina led us up the nine-mile winding road to Cambridge, where we were greeted by a few dozen Cantabrigians at the library. For about an hour, Karan and I described the upcoming event and answered questions from the public. As always, I was impressed by how engaged and interested everyone was, especially late on a Thursday evening. After passing out eclipse shades to the attendees, we packed up our road show and drove back down to Boise, just as the Sun set in the cloud-strewn pink sky, a preview of the twilight effect we will experience during the eclipse in August. The presentation I gave in Cambridge is posted below. Just returned from my trip to Idaho Falls, speaking to hundreds of locals about the upcoming eclipse. I was invited to give two presentations at the Idaho Falls Public Library, a library so beautiful and spacious it has an atrium with a fountain. On Tuesday evening, I gave a presentation to the broader Idaho Falls community. A few minutes before the presentation, there were only about a dozen attendees, which made me a little nervous, but by the appointed hour, the space had filled beyond capacity, with nearly one hundred folks – an unexpected large but very welcome crowd. Before my next presentation on Wednesday afternoon, I took a side trip up to the St. Anthony dune field. Since the dune field is likely to be a prime spot for eclipse-viewing, I was curious to see what preparations they were making. Back to Idaho Falls for an afternoon presentation geared to the youngest eclipse enthusiasts. Here again, we had an unexpectedly large crowd, with easily 200 kids and parents cheerfully crammed into the presentation space. After helping the kids make souvenir planispheres, I packed up my roadshow for the long drive back to Boise. The megaflood-carved landscape of the Snake River Plain combined with a Planet Money podcast about a flatware-crafting commune to make the time pass quickly. The presentations I gave in Idaho Falls are posted below. Idaho Falls Community Presentation Idaho Falls Children’s Presentation Visited with students at the STEMBus Summer Camp hosted at Bishop Kelly High School. Lots of enthusiasm and good questions from the students. The presentation I gave is below. UPDATE: The stargazing event today went swimmingly – several dozen visitors came down to talk about the solar eclipse and look at the Sun. We even had crew from KTVB film some interviews. Some photos from our event below. The event will take place on Sunday, June 18 from 12p till 2p in the plaza just north of the Multipurpose Classroom Building on Boise State’s campus. Questions can be sent to Prof. Brian Jackson via e-mail – email@example.com. During today’s research group meeting, we discussed a paper from a few years ago from Lars Buchhave and colleagues that investigated the relationship between the composition of a planet-hosting star and the properties of its planets. The discoveries of thousands of exoplanetary systems in the last few decades has revealed the bewildering variety of planets formed in our galaxy, and the richness of this planetary zoo probably reflects the wide range of conditions in which these planets formed. Going back to the philosopher Kant, planets have been thought to form in disks of gas and dust leftover after their host star forms, and we now have a plethora of observational and theoretical evidence supporting this idea. This idea means that the star and planets form mostly from the same source of material. However, while stars form directly out of the disk, the formation process for planets is a little pickier about what goes into the planets. For example, the Sun is made almost entirely out of hydrogen and helium, elements that constitute most of the baryonic matter in the universe, while the Earth is made mostly of rocky elements, which are pretty rare in the universe. The gas giant Jupiter is kind of a mix – it’s mostly hydrogen and helium like the Sun, but it has more of the heavier elements than the Sun, all of which astronomers refer to as metals. In their paper, Bucchave and colleagues report estimates of the ‘metallicities‘ or the amount of metals in lots of planet-hosting stars and try to figure if the type of planets around a star depends somehow on stellar metallicity. Interestingly, the metallicities suggests there are three kinds of planetary systems – shown as dark blue, light blue, and yellow in the figure above. Big gaseous planets like Jupiter, with radii many times Earth’s, seem to form preferentially around stars with lots of metals, while small planets like the Earth aren’t as picky – they’ll form around stars with any metallicity. And planets with radii in between, about 2 to 4 times the Earth’s radius, they’re like Goldilocks and prefer stars with a little more metals but not too much. What does all this mean? Astronomers think the protoplanetary disk (and therefore the star) might be required to have lots of planet-forming materials (that is, metals) in order to make big planets like Jupiter. On the other hand, forming small planets like the Earth apparently doesn’t take much because even stars with a tenth the Sun’s metals host them. Which all sort of makes sense. But these results don’t answer everything. Why, for example, aren’t the stars with really big metallicities (the blue dots near the top left of the figure) always able to form big, Jupiter-like planets? This cluster of three blue dots are all members of the KOI-3083 planet system, whose star is Sun-sized but has almost three times more metals, but all the planets are smaller than Earth. Could there be big planets in that system we haven’t found yet? Or maybe the planet formation process involves so much randomness (stochasticity) that a big metallicity only steers the system in the direction of big planets; it doesn’t force them in that direction. Like gently shepherding a toddler through a toy store – more often than not, you’ll end up with toys in your cart. Asking questions at a scientific conference is one of the most exciting but intimidating aspects of conference attendance. Here, I give a few suggestions (write down your questions, introduce yourself, etc.) to ease the process. Annual scientific conferences are one of the highlights of working in astronomy – you get to visit a new place, you get to meet with old friends, and you get to hear about scientific results so cutting-edge they can change from hour to hour. Optimizing the conference experience requires a fair amount of planning, but fortunately, there are a number of online guides explaining how to plan your conference, how to prepare an oral presentation, how to make a poster, etc. At the end of most presentations, the audience is invited to ask questions, and these question-and-answer sessions can lead to some of the most exciting, interesting, and dramatic developments at a conference. These exchanges can also be very important forums for feedback and can give a budding scientist a chance to make connections to the broader community. But asking a question in front of a big crowd can be a little daunting, and unfortunately, there doesn’t seem to be any advice online about how to do it. (UPDATE: After writing this blog post, I found this discussion that echoes some of my points.) So I thought it would be helpful to collect a few thoughts on the topic. These ideas are by no means exhaustive and may not be widely agreed upon, so if anyone has suggestions, please don’t hesitate to let me know. Here we go: 1. Don’t feel bad for feeling nervous – One of my colleagues once told me she felt so nervous walking up to the mic to ask questions that she thought her voice would crack. That made me feel a lot better about my own intestinal lepidoptera. Most people get anxious when speaking in front of hundreds of the smartest people in the world, so don’t stress about feeling that way. If you anticipate wanting to ask a question, though, you can sit close to the mic at the beginning of the presentation to shorten the walk. 2. Write down your question – I tend to take short notes during presentations, usually about things to ask the speaker after the presentation or even in an e-mail after the conference. But it’s very helpful to already know what you want to say before getting to the mic, so not a bad idea to write it down. 3. Introduce yourself – Several times after one of my presentations, someone has asked an interesting question or made a good point that I wanted to follow up on afterward. However, after asking their question, the person melted back into the crowd to remain anonymous forever. So it’s very helpful if you give your name and affiliation before asking your question. Keep in mind that the speaker may be staring into bright lights and not able to see the audience. I also think it’s just common courtesy to introduce yourself, and if, as a community, we encourage questioners not to remain anonymous, we will reduce the temptation to attack the speaker. 4. Keep it short, and don’t get hung up on a minor point – A good anecdote from this website shows what I mean here: “I … gave my talk and the Q&A followed, then a questioner began a diatribe that lasted at least 20 minutes: in fact, it was a mini-lecture. At first I thought I heard a question begin to emerge, but it disappeared – after that the ‘lecture’ was in full flow. … Finally the chair [of the session] rose to stop him by thanking him and saying it was halfway through lunch, to much relief.” If you have a lot to say or would like to address a very narrow, technical point in the presentation, it’s probably best to wait until after the session to talk to the speaker. Remember that the presenter is not the only person to whom you are speaking. I think it’s best to focus on questions of general interest, not just to the one or two people who specialize in, for instance, tidal dissipation parameters. Of course, this is a scientific conference where the audience is full of specialists, so there’s a balance to strike here. Also, at most conferences, there are only a few minutes for questions, so keeping your question short leaves time for others. 5. Don’t ambush the speaker – Once, early in my grad career, a very preeminent astronomer introduced himself at breakfast and expressed a big concern about some recent work I’d done. It was a very good point, and, at the time, I said I didn’t have an answer but would get back to him. After I gave my talk later that afternoon, this astronomer raised the same question, publicly suggesting to hundreds of others that my results were probably wrong. Of course, I still didn’t have an answer for him. (As it turned out, he was wrong, and we responded to those concerns in a few subsequent papers.) The point of the story is not to complain but to say that it’s not helpful to attack a speaker publicly since it can be hard for someone to come up with a thoughtful response on the spot. I think it’s much more effective (and more polite) to raise such concerns privately (at least at first), perhaps one-on-one or via e-mail. Then, if the presenter refuses to respond or obfuscates, maybe it makes sense to raise your concerns in a public forum so the community is aware of the problem. 6. When in doubt, save it for the post-session – In the end, you almost always have a chance to talk with the speaker later. So if you’re hesitant to ask during the question session, approach the speaker afterward. It’s true that there are some jerks in the scientific community, but the vast majority of scientists I’ve met are considerate and thoughtful. And even most jerks love it when someone has taken enough interest in their work to ask questions. If you’re uncomfortable approaching someone you don’t know, reach out to your colleagues at the conference to see if anyone knows the speaker. And then, of course, e-mailing the question is always possible. Another good reason to write it down.

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With people living such busy lives one thing that can often be neglected is sleep. Many people think if they just cut out an hour or two of sleep each night they will be able to get so much more done during the day, but this habit can take a toll on your health eventually. The more sleep deficient you become, the more health issues that arise. It can cause you to have a weaker immune system, increase in chronic inflammation which can cause heart issues, decrease in mental function/alertness, and increase in risk for obesity. The link between sleep deprivation and obesity is likely due to the change in hormones when your body is not well rested. Ghrelin, which is a hormone that tells you when to eat is increased with sleep deprivation and Leptin, a hormone that tells you when you are full is decreased. So basically, your body is telling you to consume more during this time than if you had adequate sleep. Also, during sleep deprivation people typically reach for foods that are high in fat and sugar, leading to more weight gain. So what can you do to help this? Start making sleep a priority and try to get 7-9 hours of sleep each night and here are some tips to help make that happen: 1) Exercise regularly 2) Don't eat too close to bedtime 3) Avoid drinking caffeine in the afternoon 4) Avoid alcohol before bed because it reduces the quality of your sleep 5) Set an alarm for when it is time to go to bed which will allow you to get your 7-9 hours of sleep

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Thanksgiving is one of the more important occasions of the year in many parts of the world. India, China, Canada, Croatia, and America are just some of the countries that prepare a feast of merriment during the last quarter of the year. Considerably, the biggest Thanksgiving celebration happens in the United States. It officially opens the Christmas season for America with a joyful holiday filled with great food, great gifts, and great company. What Thanksgiving is all about? Thanksgiving Day is mostly celebrated in many Christian nations. It symbolizes an acknowledgement of God’s grace. It is the harvest festival for some, celebrating the blessing of a bountiful produce the whole year through. In the United States of America, Thanksgiving is celebrated every fourth Thursday of November since 1621. In 1789, President George Washington declared Thanksgiving as an American occasion. It was President Abraham Lincoln, however, who declared that the last Thursday of November is a national holiday in observance of Thanksgiving Day. Generally, Thanksgiving is reflected through spectacular parades, happy family reunions, an exciting exchange of gifts, and of course, a sumptuous feast. In different states, there are parades held to celebrate the annual crop. There’s the McDonald’s Thanksgiving Parade in Chicago, the IKEA Thanksgiving Day Parade in Philadelphia, and the UBS Spectacular Parade in Chicago. The biggest Thanksgiving parade, however, is in New York City. The Macy’s Thanksgiving Day Parade is an annual event that is much awaited and much anticipated. Family reunions are quite common during Thanksgiving. Since it has been proclaimed as a national holiday, people are usually on break to celebrate and have time for some merriment with family members and friends who are usually busy for the most parts of the year. Gift-giving is also a popular tradition celebrating Thanksgiving Day. Jewelries, flowers, chocolates, wines are used to show people’s gratitude towards one another. With gifts flooding every home’s way, little children can’t help to get excited and enjoy the day. Among all the activities during Thanksgiving, the Thursday dinner is definitely the best. This is a time when homemakers usually dish out their best recipes. An ordinary Thanksgiving feast composed of roast turkey, mashed potatoes with gravy, pumpkin pie, apple pie, cranberry sauce, and sweet corn. The Day After Thanksgiving Day The Friday after Thanksgiving dinner is known as the Black Friday People who are in school and in office usually have this as a day off. Thus, it is spent on a shopping spree. Retailers seize this opportunity to sell their goods to people who are looking for the perfect Christmas presents.

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What do you get when you add a theoretical physicist with a radio astronomer? A binary pair? A parent of binary twins? And mix that result with actual observations but interpreted and algorithmed? All stars born as binary pairs? The instant question is what about our own stars partner in an at least binary system if in not triple star creation or multiple born suns system? And what would that mean for everything? Almost certainly yes - though not an identical twin. And so did every other sunlike star in the universe, according to a new analysis by a theoretical physicist from UC Berkeley and a radio astronomer from the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory at Harvard University. Many stars have companions, including our nearest neighbor, Alpha Centauri, a triplet system. Astronomers have long sought an explanation. Are binary and triplet star systems born that way? Did one star capture another? Do binary stars sometimes split up and become single stars? "We ran a series of statistical models to see if we could account for the relative populations of young single stars and binaries of all separations in the Perseus molecular cloud, and the only model that could reproduce the data was one in which all stars form initially as wide binaries. These systems then either shrink or break apart within a million years." ... Based on this model, the sun's sibling most likely escaped and mixed with all the other stars in our region of the Milky Way galaxy, never to be seen again. Does it increase the possibility of Nice model, Immanuel Velkovsky, catastrophic plasma and comparative mythology, Saturn and Jupiter Myth, the birth of planets from our own sun or Venus from Saturn or Jupiter or other ideas like planets cores being pulled out by a passing object ... If this is even close to being reconfirmed then what about models of universe, galaxy and singular solar systems? Multiple stars born in a birthing event or sibling stars born from the parent Sun? 'Do binary stars sometimes split up and become single stars?' or do single stars split up and become binary stars? And planets born from stars and brown dwarf star like gas giant planets like Jupiter and Saturn? Mythology of second Suns in the sky or at least 2nd sun like objects for a while? Coalsack star alignment? How much of these highly theoretical peer reviewed 'evidence' do you use to argue for your own particular ideas? According to Stahler, astronomers have known for several decades that stars are born inside egg-shaped cocoons called dense cores, which are sprinkled throughout immense clouds of cold, molecular hydrogen that are the nurseries for young stars. Through an optical telescope, these clouds look like holes in the starry sky, because the dust accompanying the gas blocks light from both the stars forming inside and the stars behind. ... Using these data, Sadavoy and Stahler discovered that all of the widely separated binary systema - those with stars separated by more than 500 AU - were very young systems, containing two Class 0 stars. These systems also tended to be aligned with the long axis of the egg-shaped dense core. The slightly older Class I binary stars were closer together, many separated by about 200 AU, and showed no tendency to align along the egg's axis. New evidence that all stars are born in pairs | Phys.org

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Prime Rib Before the Fall by David A. Sherwood The Case for Death among Animals as Part of the Original Created Order Adapted from Kingdom Prologue by Meredith G. Kline It is clear from Scripture that human death is a consequence of sin. See Gen. 2:16-17; 3:19, 22-23; Rom. 5:12; 6:21-13; 8:10; 1 Cor. 15:21; Jas. 1:15. What is not as clearbut often assumedis that death among animals is a consequence of human sin and that therefore there was no animal sacrifice before the Fall. We would argue that death among plants and animals was part of God's original design and that, furthermore, man was permitted to eat meat from the beginning. In his Kingdom Prologue, Meredith Kline notes that consecration, the subordination of the interests of person or thing to those of another, is a prominent theme in the creation. This often involves death. When a banana or a pear or a potato is eaten, its life is sacrificed in the interests of a higher form of life. It would be consistent with this principle for animal life to be sacrificed in ways that would benefit man (e.g. food and clothing). Or, to put it another way, man has dominion over all of the creation, not just vegetation. And his dominion over animals would not consist simply in the establishment of petting zoos, but in using animals in a wide variety of ways consistent with the cultural mandate to subdue the earth. This supposition is confirmed by Ps. 104:21, which refers to animals feeding on other animals in the context of the creation; and by 1 Tim. 4:3-5 which, reflecting the terminology of Gen. 1:31, asserts the goodness of the foods that God had created but which the false teachers were condemning. Meat is very likely in view. Three arguments are offered against this thesis: - Gen. 1:29 states that all plants are given for food. Some have taken this to mean that we were originally created to be herbivores. But there is nothing in this statement that is restrictive, as if plants were the only food for man. Since animals would have such a wide variety of uses, only man's general dominion is mentioned in v. 28 (but this would have included their usefulness as food). Also, the provision of all plants as food sets the stage for the single prohibition in 2:16-17. This observation adequately accounts for the focus upon vegetation in v. 29. - Gen. 9:3 is thought by some to be the first authorization to eat meat. But since the postdiluvian covenant is characterized by a republication of creation ordinances, this may apply to the permission to eat meat. So v. 3b could be translated, "Even as the green plants I gave you everything." However, it is more likely that God is here removing the clean-unclean distinction that applied on the ark (cf. 7:2ff). As in the case of the theocratic community of Israel, there were clean and unclean animals on the ark to symbolize the holy realm (in this case, the ark). But when this "theocracy" came to an end, the principles of common grace resumed and man was permitted once again to eat all kinds of animals. Kline summarizes: "The point of Genesis 9:3 is not, therefore, that all edibles, not only vegetation were now permitted, but rather that all varieties of meats-not just the flesh of clean animals-were permitted, just as were all varieties of green plants." - Some have thought that the idyllic descriptions of paradise, which include the lion's eating straw like the ox and the peaceful cohabitation of predators and their prey, argue against carnivorous activity prior to the Fall-the assumption being that the final state involves a return to the conditions of Paradise. (Is. 11:6-7; 65:25) But it seems precarious to press the poetic and symbolic language of the prophets into the service of literalistic conclusions. It is better to see these as metaphors for the consummate peace that will characterize the final state. Death, therefore, is not inconsistent with the unadulterated blessedness of man's original state. Indeed, this blessedness consisted, in part, in his dominion over the death that surrounded him. Death, whether found among flora or fauna, was adapted to promote man's good and well being. The tragedy of the Fall is that that over which man had dominion now has dominion over him. We have become the subjects and victims of death. Death no longer serves our interests; we serve the interests of death. But is it not striking how this ties into the drama of redemption? It is remarkable that, even prior to the Fall, this principle was established: that life springs forth from death. Or, in Jesus' words, "Truly, truly, I say to you, unless a grain of wheat falls into the earth and dies, it remains alone; but if it dies, it bears much fruit." And so it was that, in the fullness of time, when we lay dead in our sin, when we were under the sentence of death both temporal and eternal, God sent forth his Son to die. And by his death we are given the gift of life, even life eternal. It is thus in the death, resurrection, and life-giving power of the Son of God that this creation ordinance finds its consummate fulfillment.

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Bird Without Borders 1 x 60' Found nowhere else on earth but the last few pockets of wilderness along East Asia’s rugged coastline, the black-faced spoonbill is the only spoonbill currently regarded as endangered. Biannually, this enigmatic bird undertakes a mammoth migration that navigates through the heart of Asia. The route is full of danger from predators, weather, and – most of all – the urbanisation of this rapidly developing region. For the very first time, this magnificent migration has been captured on film. We document an epic journey, 2,000km from its wintering grounds in Taiwan, across coastal China, and the Yellow Sea, to the world’s most dangerous flashpoint – the demilitarized zone between North and South Korea – finally reaching the bird’s annual breeding ground. The film crew crisscrossed East Asia, flying over 16,000km to capture breathtaking images of one of the region’s most loved birds. This story transcends any political, geographic or ethnic borders. We reveal a group of dedicated scientists and conservationists who are divided by these borders but share one common goal – the conservation and protection of this endangered species and their last remaining habitats.

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Edit video by editing text | Stanford News Excerpts: A new algorithm allows video editors to modify talking head videos as if they were editing text – copying, pasting, or adding and deleting words. Fried acknowledges concerns that such a technology might be used for illicit purposes, but says the risk is worth taking. Photo-editing software went through a similar reckoning, but in the end, people want to live in a world where photo-editing software is available. As a remedy, Fried says there are several options. One is to develop some sort of opt-in watermarking that would identify any content that had been edited and provide a full ledger of the edits. Moreover, researchers could develop better forensics such as digital or non-digital fingerprinting techniques to determine whether a video had been manipulated for ulterior purposes. In fact, this research and others like it also build the essential insights that are needed to develop better manipulation detection. None of the solutions can fix everything, so viewers must remain skeptical and cautious, Fried said. Besides, he added, there are already many other ways to manipulate video that are much easier to execute. He said that perhaps the most pressing matter is to raise public awareness and education on video manipulation, so people are better equipped to question and assess the veracity of synthetic content. Now it is Possible To Change the Video Speeches of Humans by Changing the Transcript Only / Digital Information World Excerpt: With time, video manipulation is becoming increasingly easier, especially with the advancement in AI (Artificial Intelligence). Researchers of Max Planck Institute for Informatics, Princeton University, and Stanford University in collaboration with Adobe created a new algorithm that allows changing human speech in the video by changing the transcript text. Characteristics of a speaker are well-maintained while the video is altered. First, the phonemes and pronunciation of words are analyzed from the original video and then a model is created so the mouth of the speaker replicates those movements accordingly. After the transcript is edited, the algorithm looks for the segments that comprise of those words’ lip movements. These movements are then replaced with the original. When a certain part is replaced, it can have several pauses and distortions. To make it look smooth and inflow, the algorithm does its part. Currently, the algorithm needs a minimum of 40 minutes of the original video for its training. A video (featured below) also has been released in which Stanford’s Ohad Fried explains an easy way to change phrases while maintaining its quality. The biggest drawback of this tech is that people may spread misinformation/fake videos by editing speeches of politicians, or influential people. However, Fried thinks the photo editing software does the same, and still, we have been living through it.

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I have always been told “knowledge is power,” yet I have never held this to be true. Imagine knowledge without purpose, what would be the point? It would be about as useful buying apples at the grocery without any intent of eating apples. Sure, you may invite a friend over and the apples will be eaten, but in all likelihood they’re just a waste. This decouples knowledge from power. Perhaps an application of knowledge can produce power, but it is not required to obtain and/or maintain power. As Robb pointed out, a star athlete has power, but little knowledge outside of their chosen sport. In either case, I find it interesting that knowledge and power have very similar properties. One of which is that both are notoriously difficult to quantify. How does one quantify a human construct? One way in which we, as humans, can quantify power would be how much “stuff” or “money” someone has amassed. Yet, inherently most people toss this aside as an inaccurate because power can come in many forms. Political figures could be rather poor, and yet be very influential and powerful. How to quantify this? Can we quantify this? One of the characteristics of being human is constantly searching for patterns. Our brains are sorting and matching machines, perhaps this is even the essence of humanity, the basis of our souls. When facing a problem such as categorizing or quantifying, I am a firm believer that there is always a way. That being said, although I do not know of a way to quantify power, there is a way. Perhaps through surveying a populous to determine political influence (such as an election process), how much money someone has amassed, or simply how often someone manages to obtain what they desire. Similar to power, knowledges is difficult to quantify. It is not something you can point to and say “look, here is how much of it I have,” so how do we count how much knowledge or skill we have. One way, the easiest way, would be to create some sort of counting scheme for how much you have learned. The most straight forward way of doing this would be to use something such as Anki cards. Which is exactly what I am going to use. I would like to see exactly how much I learn and how effective I learn. Therefore, I am going to use Anki cards to keep track of different subjects in order to maximize how much knowledge I can obtain. However, simple Anki card statistics is not enough alone to quantify knowledge. Knowledge without a purpose is pointless. Therefore, I intend to write a post about various subjects in the hope of demonstrating that I have learned a particular skill/fact, that knowledge has an application/purpose (no matter how abstracted), and hopefully others can use the knowledge I have gained. I intend to write a short post regarding something I have learned as often as I get a chance to. I am hopeful that I can accomplish several posts a week and will post them here.

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Friday, March 16, World Sleep Day is a little reminder to us all to try to get some much-needed shut-eye. Here we round up some recent studies which show how important sleep is for good health. Reduced risk of obesity Various studies have linked a lack of sleep to an increased body mass index (BMI) and risk of obesity. A study published last year found that children who slept longer had lower Body Mass Index (BMI) scores than those who slept less, and for every hour later that a child goes to bed, their BMI score also increases by a small amount. A UK study which looked at the effect of sleep deprivation in adults also found that the waist measurements of people who slept on average six hours per night were three centimeters higher than those who slept nine hours a night, and these participants also had more chance of being overweight. Reduced risk of Alzheimer’s disease A lack of sleep is increasingly found to be a risk factor for developing Alzheimer’s disease and other forms of dementia. One US study found that those who reported worse sleep quality, more sleep problems and daytime sleepiness had more biological markers for Alzheimer’s disease in their spinal fluid than people who did not have sleep problems. A 2015 study also demonstrated the importance of sleep in keeping the brain healthy when it found that sleeping on the side, rather than on the back or front, opens a passage in the brain called the glymphatic pathway. Opening this pathway bathes the brain with cleansing cerebrospinal fluids (CSF) and interstitial fluid (ISF) and flushes out amyloid β and tau proteins, a buildup of which are found in the brains of those with Alzheimer’s disease. Reduced risk of depression As with dementia, there is increasing evidence to suggest that sleep could be a large factor in developing depression and other mental health disorders. A US study found that less than 8 hours sleep a night, or taking longer to fall asleep, is linked to negative, intrusive and repetitive thoughts like those seen in anxiety and depression. UK research published last year in The Lancet also suggested that treating insomnia and sleep problems could be an important first step to take to also help treat mental health problems such as anxiety, depression, and paranoia. Reduced risk of gestational diabetes A large-scale meta-analysis published last year found a link between a lack of sleep during pregnancy and an increased risk of gestational diabetes. After looking at eight studies which included 17 308 pregnant women, the researchers found that an average of less than 6 hours sleep a night was associated with a 1.7 fold increase in the risk of being diagnosed with gestational diabetes. In addition, in one study where sleep was measured objectively, rather than self-reported by the women, those who slept less than 6.25 hours per night had a 2.84 fold increase in risk of having the condition compared to women who slept more than 6.25 hours per night.

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Using Wake on LAN on Linux01 Dec 2017 Most PCs support Wake On LAN (WOL). In fact, the built-in ethernet adapter supports this feature. It allows to put a machine in sleep or hibernate mode and to wake it up remotely from the same network. After the machine wakes up, logging in by using SSH is possible. Follow these steps on the machine you want to support WOL: ifconfigdisplays all network devices ethtool [network device]displays the qualities and settings of a network device. Here you can see if your ehternet adapter supports WOL. ethtool -s [network device] wol g: this command turns on WOL in case it is supported, but not activated yet Finally use this command from another PC to wake up the machine: ether-wake -i [network device] [MAC address] ether-wake commands works among others on the RHEL distribution. On some other Linux distributions, the command can be slightly different. Alternative commands are

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To many individuals, their pets are their family, and high-quality care is essential for the animal’s health and longevity. The emergence of technology within the animal health realm has wholly improved quality of life for animals. Here are a few approaches in which technology has changed the veterinarian world. How Modern Technology is Improving Veterinary Care 3D Printing is a new process that is used to make a tangible, observable, three-dimensional structure. The layers of this structure are made using computer programming to create the structure. The initial structure is a digital design, and it can be used to make a model of an animal bone. This information can be customized for the pet through the use of tomography scanning. By viewing these digitization’s, veterinarians and those performing the surgery can have a better understanding of the animals’ muscle and bone structure before entering surgery. The models that are created with 3D printing also help those that have pets understand what’s going on inside the body of their pet. Many other technologies, such as Keebovet ultrasounds and color Doppler software, assist in developing 3D prints by providing a clearer, easier to read visuals that are essential for diagnosis. With rDNA being much more accessible and less expensive, it has opened the door to gene therapy opportunities for animals. These kinds of procedures would enable veterinarians to replace part of the genes that are either damaged or not there, and this type of DNA ‘surgery’ can treat a plethora of issues in a beloved animal. A dog may be prone to a dangerous blood condition called hemophilia, where the body cannot clot blot as fast as it should. In this case, the animal’s gene that is mutated can be treated with gene therapy. It can also manage another DNA called muscle-wasting disease. Titanium is being used for pets that require prosthetics. The titanium prosthetic is adhered to the bone and grows with it over time. This is used for cases where a limb has to be amputated in the pet. Sometimes an animal might have an extremely hard time breathing due to a medical issue such as a trachea that has experienced a degree of collapse. In this case, since the windpipe would be extremely constricted, a tracheal titanium stent inserted in the windpipe could prove extremely beneficial by creating breathing space for airflow through the trachea. Technology is constantly changing. From baby animals to senior creatures, our beloved pets require tender, skilled care with the combination of these emerging technologies. As time goes on, these advancements will become more accessible, affordable, and even more widely performed in veterinarian offices everywhere.

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