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Two of Antarctica’s most important glaciers are breaking free from their restraints, a new study reports. This potentially has major consequences for rising sea levels around the world. The Pine Island and Thwaites glaciers, which sit side-by-side in West Antarctica on the Amundsen Sea, are among the fastest-changing glaciers in the region, already accounting for 5% of global sea-level rise, CNN said. The Thwaites glacier is of particular concern: The loss of the glacier could trigger the broader collapse of the West Antarctic ice sheet, which contains enough ice to eventually raise seas by about 10 feet, the Washington Post said. In the study, researchers combined satellite imagery from various sources to gain a more accurate picture of the rapid development of damage to portions of the ice shelves of Pine Island and Thwaites. Ice shelves are permanent floating sheets of ice that connect to a landmass, such as Antarctica, according to the National Snow and Ice Data Center. Ice shelves are the gatekeepers for glaciers flowing from Antarctica toward the ocean, according to NASA. Without them, glacial ice enters the ocean faster and accelerates the pace of global sea-level rise. According to the study, the damage consists of crevasses and fractures in the glaciers, the first signs of the weakening process. Modeling has revealed that the emergence of this kind of damage initiates a feedback process that accelerates the formation of even more fractures and weakening. “We already knew that these were glaciers that might matter in the future, but these images to me indicate that these ice shelves are in a very bad state,” study lead author Stef Lhermitte of Delft University of Technology in the Netherlands told the Washington Post. “We knew they were sleeping giants and these were the ones losing a lot of miles (of ice), but how far and how much still remains a large uncertainty,” Lhermitte said to CNN. “These ice shelves are in the early phase of disintegration, they’re starting to tear apart.” more recommended stories Modelo Group relaunched legendary Carta Clara beer in Yucatán Mérida, Yucatán (April 19, 2021).- To. Renán Barrera is committed to supporting ‘freestyle’ in case of re-election Mérida, Yucatán (April 19, 2021).- From the. INEGI declares that these are the six cities where Mexicans feel most insecure April 19, 2021.- According to the. CFE’s blackouts in Yucatán are causing economic losses The CCE leader in Yucatán complained. Former restaurant Harlow reopens under new name and administration The restaurant will be the branch. Intense season of rains and cyclones forecast for Campeche The number that is expected at. Quintana Roo celebrated a unique virtual hip hop festival in Maya language Quintana Roo (April 19, 2021).- In. Hyatt Ziva Riviera Cancun to debut this year outside the Hotel Zone by Matt Turner for Travel Agent. Four of Canada’s main airlines have said they will suspend travel to Cancun until June Cancun, Q.R. — Four of Canada’s. INAH workers demand better working conditions at archaeological sites Members of the SNDTSC requested tools.

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Metallurgical ContentGold AlloysGold Melting PointsRetortingGold SmeltingGold Refinery SlagRefining GoldGold AssayFluxMelting GoldCupellationGold-Silver SeparationGold Refining Book Gold can be concentrated and recovered by applying different gold refining process methods and the final product has variable quality. In this way, it is necessary to have a better marketable product so that the This WebElements periodic table page contains the essentials for the element sodium Sodium is a Group 1 element (or IA in older labelling styles). Group 1 elements are often referred to as the "alkali metals". The chemistry of sodium is dominated by the +1 ion Na+ 2005/4/7· Microcosmic salt is a better flux for many metallic oxides than borax, as the colors are exhibited in it with more strength and character. Microcosmic salt is the phosphate of soda and ammonia. When it is ignited it passes into the biphosphate of soda, the ammonia being driven off. Yoga Shoes Cooler Chiller For Drinks Vhf Car Antenna 0.8ton Mini Loader where can i buy agar powder m.4nightsz 300mm Solar Traffic Lights Analytical Laboratory Chemicals- ACS Grade Reagents Spectrum Chemical carries a full line of analytical-grade laboratory chemicals for reliable, precise results, in analysis, research and development, bench-scale chemistry or process scale-up. Copper appears in the periodic table at the top of Group 11 above silver and gold. Collectively these are sometimes referred to as the coinage metals, although in modern times these metals are used less frequently than in the past. Copper is one of the most The Boron Group, which includes boron, aluminum, gallium, indium, and thallium, is the first group of mixed elements. The group contains one metalloid (boron) and four metals. The elements in this group have three electrons in the valence shell and are very reactive. A candle comprising a coustible body having a major proportion of polyethylene glycol, trimethylol propane, tristearyl citrate or mixtures thereof, and at least two spaced coustible wicks eedded in said body; the body may contain also minor amounts of Less reactive, but burn bright colors in flames Be, Mg, Ca… We do not often encounter these on our own because they are highly reactive Salt instead of just sodium Calcium strong bones and teeth Strontium is used In sea shells A dictionary file. dict_files/eng_com.dic This class can parse, analyze words and interprets sentences. It takes an English sentence and breaks it into words to determine if it is a phrase or a clause. It can also counts the total nuer of words in a sentence, checks 2017/7/8· The Periodic Table contains all the elements discovered by mankind. These elements are arranged by their respective atomic weights. Some elements are very light, while others are very heavy. Let us take a look at the lightest and heaviest elements by weight Flickr photos, groups, and tags related to the "Osteoporosis" Flickr tag. Explore Recent Photos Trending Events The Commons Flickr Galleries World Map Camera Finder Flickr Blog Create Get Pro You can write a book review and share your experiences. Other readers will always be interested in your opinion of the books you''ve read. Whether you''ve loved the book or not, if you give your honest and detailed thoughts then people will find new books that are Vol. XIX, No. 1 January, 1948 luturr!ittg of Ariloua iullrtiu ARIZONA BUREAV OF MINES FIELD TESTS FOR THE COMMON METALS (Ninth Edition) By GEORGE R. FANSETT ARIZONA BUREAU OF MINES, TECHNOLOGY SERIES NO. 42, BULLETIN 154 June 8, 2011 Title 29 Labor Parts 1911 to 1925 Revised as of July 1, 2011 Containing a codifiion of documents of general applicability and future effect As of July 1, 2011 Published by the Office of the Federal Register National Archives and Records Administration 2009/3/19· When a salt of the metal is introduced into a Bunsen burner flame, the metallic ion produces characteristic color in the flame. Some metals and the colors they produce are: barium, yellow-green; calcium, red-orange; copper salts (except halides), emerald green; copper halides or other copper salts moistened with hydrochloric acid, blue-green; lithium, crimson; potassium, violet; sodium, yellow The group I comprising Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs & Fr are commonly called alkali metals.These are called alkali metals because hydroxides of these metals are strong alkali. For example NaOH and KOH Francium is radioactive and has a very short life (half life of 21 minutes), therefore very little is known about it. Latest breaking news, including politics, crime and celebrity. Find stories, updates and expert opinion. Women on the pill should be warned that taking antibiotics may lead to unwanted pregnancies Description: When found in nature, fluorspar is known by the mineral name fluorite. Fluorspar is calcium fluoride (CaF 2).Metallurgical grade fluorspar (60–85% CaF 2), is traditionally used as a flux to lower the melting point of raw materials in steel production to facilitate the removal of impurities, and in the production of aluminum.. Ceramic grade fluorspar (85–95% CaF 2) is used in 2020/4/13· Clockwise from top left: blue and green = copper or barium; red = calcium or strontium; yellow and white = sodium. Physics of fireworks The solid chemicals packed into the cardboard case don''t simply rearrange themselves into other chemicals: some of the chemical energy locked inside them is converted into four other kinds of energy ( heat , light , sound , and the kinetic energy of movement ). Elemental boron has an unusual structure consisting of B 12 icosahedra covalently bonded to one another; the other elements are typical metallic solids. No group 13 elements were known in ancient times, not because they are scarce—Al is the third most abundant element in Earth’s crust—but because they are highly reactive and form extremely stable compounds with oxygen. Glossary Group A vertical column in the periodic table. Meers of a group typically have similar properties and electron configurations in their outer shell. Period A horizontal row in the periodic table. The atomic nuer of each element increases by one, reading Seawater contains approximately 0.17 ppm lithium.Rivers generally contain only 3 ppb, whereas mineral water contains 0.05-1 mg lithium per liter. Large amounts of lithium were found in holy water from Karlsbad, Marienbad and Vichy. In solution it is only found as Since 1983, when I was in 8th grade and seen the periodic table for the first time, I have been collecting elements. It started as a collection of around 12 or 13 elements with puny samples stored either in medicine bottles or on a piece of notebook paper with the 5.3 Representative Groups Reading Strategy Monitoring Your Understanding Copy the table below. As you read, record an important fact about each element listed. Key Concepts Why do the elements in a group have similar properties? What are some properties of

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The Grammar Bible informs that “lawyer” and “attorney” (as opposed to attorney-at-law) are not interchangeable words. According to The Grammar Bible, a lawyer is someone who conducts lawsuits for various clients, and advises clients on legal matters. An attorney is a person who has been appointed legally to carry out business for another person. While and attorney can be a lawyer, he or she can also be a person who strictly carries out business matters. The Grammar Bible By: Michael Strumpf and Auriel Douglas has a very interesting spelling challenge. The challenge is one that was issued by the author’s friend who told the author that he has met anyone who can correctly spell all of the words in the following sentence: “Outside a minuscule cemetery, an embarrassed peddler and a harassed cobbler gnawed on a desiccated bone while gazing on a lady’s ankle with unparalleled ecstasy.” The author suggests that you try this challenge on your friends. OPTION #1: cephalgia= SEF/ALG OPTION #2: cephalgia= SEF/A*LG OPTION #3: cephalgia= SEF/AL/GAOE/A* OPTION #4: cephalgia= SEF/AL/JAOE/A* OPTION #5: cephalgia= SEF/AL/GAOE/YA* OPTION #6: cephalgia= SEF/AL/JAOE/YA* Discreet is defined as follows in the Webster Dictionary: “(1) Not likely to be seen or noticed by many people. (2) Having or showing discernment or good judgment in conduct and especially in speech. (3) Unpretentious, modest. (4) Unobtrusive, unnoticeable. Discrete is defined as follows in the Webster Dictionary: “(1) Separate and different from each other. (2) Constituting a separate entity. (3) Consisting of distinct or unconnected elements; noncontinuous. (4) Taking on or having a finite or countably infinite number of values. OPTION #1: discreet: SDRAOET OPTION #2: discreet: DIS/KRAOET OPTION #3: discreet: DIZ/KRAOET OPTION #1: discrete: DIS/KRA*OET OPTION #2: discrete: DIZ/KRA*OET

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with respect to the experiment whether Yellow fever can be communicated after the vaccine, which you propose should be tried on some malefactor [criminal], no means of trying that are likely to be within my power. during the term I have been in office, not a single conviction in any capital case has taken place under the laws of the general government. the Governors of the several states would have it most in their power to favor such an experiment. To Edward Rowse, August 4, 1805 In the face of coronavirus, I’m excerpting correspondence about diseases that ravaged the nation in Thomas Jefferson’s time. This post is a repeat of August, 22, 2016. Patrick Lee’s Explanation Rowse wrote to Jefferson speculating on the connection between four diseases: cowpox, smallpox, plague and yellow fever. The smallpox vaccine had already proved effective against that disease and the cowpox. There was some speculation that it worked against the plague. Rowse wanted to know if it might also protect against yellow fever. To that end, Rowse suggested an experiment be conducted on someone already condemned to die and asked Jefferson’s help. The President declined, not on moral grounds, but for lack of a subject. During his Presidency, no one had been convicted of a capital offense under federal law. Those convictions occurred under state laws. He suggested governors might be able to help Rowse with his experiment.

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The National Parks, Rivers and Beaches Authority (NPRBA) is a statutory government body that protects the rich natural, cultural and historic heritage of SVG. This is done through a protected area system. A protected area is an area of land or water that is managed for the protection and maintenance of its ecological systems, biological diversity and or specific natural, cultural and aesthetic resources. The National Parks, Rivers and Beaches Authority is tasked with: - Sustainable development - Protection of biodiversity - Protection of culture and heritage - Development of recreational sites - Protection of ecosystem function (e.g. water, electricity, soil conservation, etc. - Meeting obligations under international conventions - Development of tourism through diversification - Financial sustainability

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All Hallows Eve is approaching, and this year is a bit different from the last. However, we are still enjoying our scary stories, pumpkin patches, and the time-honored tradition of decorating our homes with skeletons and other creepy décor. In keeping with the theme of this wonderfully spooky season, I decided to share with you a devilishly wondrous herb. Native to Southern Africa, Devil’s Claw (Harpagophytum procumbens) is named after the tiny hook-like structures that cover its fruit. It has a long tradition of use as a medicine. Some of its traditional uses include as a pain reliever, to improve the function of the liver and kidneys, to reduce fever, and treat malaria, as well as to help improve the healing of skin problems such as boils and minor wounds. This plant is one where you should be acquainted with the botanical name as opposed to the, much more interesting, common name. Several plants in North America also are known as Devil’s Claw, including species in the genus Proboscidea and certain species of Pisonia. Harpagophytum procumbens is a member of the Bignoniaceae, or Sesame, family and is mainly found in the eastern and southeastern parts of Namibia, Southern Botswana, and the Kalahari region of the Northern Cape, South Africa. This plant prefers deep, sandy soils, and areas with low annual rainfall. It is a perennial, tuberous plant with annually produced creeping stems. The stems emerge after the first rains and die back during droughts or after frosts. They grow from a primary tuber and several secondary tubers grow from the same primary tuber at the end of fleshy roots. The fruit, once it’s mature, opens slowly so that, in a given year, only 20-25% of its seeds may come into contact with soil. The seeds have a high degree of dormancy and may remain viable in a seed bank for more than 20 years. Today, Devil’s Claw is known and used worldwide to fight inflammation and arthritis pain. It is used most widely in Germany and France, however, it has made its way into most medical modalities. This has caused a few concerns about sustainability. The countries in its native range have developed regulations about ethical harvesting and have, thus far, prevented it from being protected by the Convention of International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES). Common Names- Devil’s Claw, Grapple Plant, Wood Spider Scientific Name- Harpagophytum procumbens Summary of Actions- Alterative, Analgesic, Anti-inflammatory, Anti-osteoporotic, Antioxidant, Bitter, Cardiac Tonic Parts Used- Root, Fruit, and Tuber Ayurveda- Known as Baghnakh in Ayurveda, this herb is often used in the treatment of migraines and headaches. Arthritis, Gout, & Joint Pain- The majority of research on this herb seems to revolve around its uses to help reduce inflammation in joints, relieve pain caused by arthritis, and even its ability to increase mobility in joints affected by arthritis and gout. Devil's claw seems to work about as well as some non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Several studies have also concluded that people afflicted with these issues may even reduce their dependence on NSAIDs by adding Devil’s Claw to their daily routine. Digestion- Devil’s Claw is a bitter herb traditionally used to ease several digestive complaints. Like other bitter herbs, taking a tincture of Devil’s Claw 15 – 20 minutes prior to eating may help stimulate digestion and improve nutrient absorption, particularly with heavy meals. Blood Pressure & Atherosclerosis- While some inflammation is necessary to defend your body against harm, chronic inflammation has been to heart disease, diabetes, and brain disorders. Devil’s claw has been proposed as a potential remedy for inflammatory conditions because it contains plant compounds called iridoid glycosides, particularly harpagoside. In test-tube and animal studies, harpagoside has curbed inflammatory responses. Reducing chronic inflammation helps to reduce blood pressure and improve atherosclerosis. Devil’s Claw is also traditionally used in treating Arrhythmia. Migraine and Headache- The combination of Devil’s Claw’s analgesic (pain-relieving) properties with its anti-inflammatory ones makes this herb a great help in many headaches. It can even be fairly effective for migraines. Skin & Wound Care- This herb’s anti-inflammatory nature lends itself well to a wide variety of treatments including boils and sores. It also works just as well for minor wounds, scratches, and bruises. Fever and Malaria- Devil’s Claw is traditionally used to lower body temperature, which helps to reduce fever. Cautions, Contraindications, and Warnings- High doses can cause mild stomach problems in some people. People with ulcers or gallstones should not take Devil's Claw. Pregnant and breastfeeding women should not take Devil's Claw since studies in these populations are lacking. People with heart disease, high blood pressure, or low blood pressure should ask their doctors before taking Devil's Claw. If you are on medication, check with your doctor before adding this plant to your routine. I only included a basic introduction to this devilishly useful herb. If you have any questions or comments please leave them below. Follow me on Facebook and Instagram or updates on my adventures in Nature. Find me on YouTube and check out my videos! I also have a few things up on Teespring, check it out! Also, if you like what I do and what to see more, Become a Patron! Devil’s Claw: Flora Health: https://www.florahealth.com/us/herb-encyclopedia/devils-claw/ Devil’s Claw: Gaia Herbs: https://www.gaiaherbs.com/blogs/herbs/devils-claw Devil’s Claw: Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center: https://www.mskcc.org/cancer-care/integrative-medicine/herbs/devil-claw Devil’s Claw: Mount Sinai: https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/herb/devils-claw Devil’s Claw: PennState Hershey: http://pennstatehershey.adam.com/content.aspx?productid=107&pid=33&gid=000237 Devil’s Claw: RxList: https://www.rxlist.com/devils_claw/supplements.htm Devil’s Claw: Versus Arthritis: https://www.versusarthritis.org/about-arthritis/complementary-and-alternative-treatments/types-of-complementary-treatments/devils-claw/ Devil’s Claw: WebMD: https://www.webmd.com/vitamins/ai/ingredientmono-984/devils-claw Devil’s Claw - Benefits, Side Effects, and Dosage: Healthline: https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/devils-claw Devil’s Claw: Kaiser Permanente: https://wa.kaiserpermanente.org/kbase/topic.jhtml?docId=hn-2079001 Devil's Claw (harpagophytum procumbens): Acupuncture Today: https://www.acupuncturetoday.com/herbcentral/devils_claw.php#:~:text=Other%20studies%20have%20found%20the,acid%2C%20which%20helps%20improve%20digestion. Devil’s Claw (harpagophytum procumbens): Annie’s Remedy: https://www.anniesremedy.com/harpagophytum-procumbens-devil-claw.php?gc=64&gclid=Cj0KCQjw8fr7BRDSARIsAK0Qqr6tnj9t2kLlOH7-3KToivjXQbNSbZusnsdQGO7yZ3NU9HYo-GPVLtUaAo_MEALw_wcB Devil’s Claw (harpagophytum procumbens): Ayur Times: https://www.ayurtimes.com/devils-claw-harpagophytum-procumbens/ Devil’s Claw, Herb Uses, Benefits, Cures, Side Effects, Nutrients: Herbpathy: https://herbpathy.com/Uses-and-Benefits-of-Devil's-Claw-Cid1607 Health Benefits of Devil’s Claw: Facty Health: https://facty.com/lifestyle/wellness/health-benefits-of-devils-claw/?style=quick&utm_source=adwords&adid=269624907797&utm_medium=c-search&utm_term=%2Bdevil%27s%20%2Bclaw&utm_campaign=FH-USA---Search---Health-Benefits-of-Devils-Claw&gclid=Cj0KCQjw8rT8BRCbARIsALWiOvTwM1URgKpOKcGQLe6N6AwVMp8dwXQU1dJaibvLlFzoLfIzFt2BktAaAnTzEALw_wcB Joint Pain - Devil’s Claw: Network Nutrition: http://www.networknutrition.com/content.cfm?Encrypt=1&Pass=163D22310B0D062D09042E583A3A3C38200017543A1F1A3F0017211B08785850

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Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam, also known as “APJ” Abdul Kalam, was India’s equivalent of Werner von Braun, both brilliant rocket scientists. It is no secret that the rockets that launch planetary missions to Moon and Mars are also the ones that can carry missile heads. Thus, what a rocket scientist creates is dual-purpose technology and can be used both as a ballistic missile and a launch vehicle. APJ and von Braun were masters of their craft who spearheaded ambitious rocket programs in two different hemispheres of the world. However, there are differences. Unlike von Braun, APJ did not have to work for a Nazi regime nor was he shipped out after a World War to a foreign country (United States) to inhibit his country of origin (Germany) from developing its military research capabilities. Werner von Braun is best known for inventing the V-2 Rocket and the Saturn-V, for Nazi Germany and the United States, respectively. Von Braun made it possible for the United States to go to the Moon. The Apollo program rode on von Braun’s brute rocket, the Saturn-V. As one of my witty German friends once pointed out, it was not the Americans who went to the Moon, but the Germans. After the Allied victory in Europe in 1945, von Braun then in his early 30s, along with over 1500 of his fellow scientists, technicians and engineers from Nazi Germany was brought over to the United States as part of “Operation Paperclip” to develop the American missile and rocket program. In 1945, Abdul Kalam was in his early teens growing up in a coastal village in Rameswaram in Tamil Nadu, India. His mother was a homemaker and father owned a boat that he rented to local fisher folk. Young Kalam used to deliver newspapers to supplement his family’s meager income. Unlike von Braun, APJ spent his entire professional career in his country of origin. APJ’s professional life spans four decades as a physicist, aerospace engineer and technocrat with India’s Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) and the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). Another difference between the two giants of missile and rocket technology is that one of them went on to become the Head of State, while the other did not. During his tenure as President of India (2002-2007) and in his post-Presidency years, APJ spent a significant amount of his time interacting with and inspiring students through his ‘India 2020’ vision blueprint on how to make India a developed economy. He toured educational institutions and lectured frequently. APJ advocated an education system that would create ‘employment-generators rather than employment-seekers’. Integral to his India 2020 vision was an army of young, trained and motivated entrepreneurs with access to venture capital. He believed in empowering India’s youth to take risk, push the boundaries of science and technology, while generating employment and fostering economic growth. APJ passed away while delivering a lecture to the students of the Indian Institute of Management in Shillong on 27 July 2015. He was 83. After the passing of APJ, when I scanned through some of the world’s leading dailies that I routinely browse, I couldn’t but help notice a one Mr. John F. Burns describing APJ as a “self-made bomb maker” in the New York Times. I found that a tad bit racist, even unfair. Wonder what Mr. Burns would make of Robert Oppenheimer or Theodore von Kármán, or the likes of them in other geographies. Susmita Mohanty is an aerospace entrepreneur. She is co-founder and CEO of Earth2Orbit, her third venture and India’s first private space start-up.

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Although mountains often constitute only a small fraction of river basin area, they can supply the bulk of transported materials and exert strong regulatory controls on the ecological characteristics of river reaches and floodplains downstream. The Amazon River exemplifies this phenomenon. Its muddy waters and its expansive and highly productive white-water floodplains are largely the products of forces originating in distant Andean mountain ranges. The Amazon's character has been shaped by these influences for more than 10 million years, and its present form and host of diverse organisms are adapted to the annual and interannual cycles of Andean inputs. Although the Andes constitute only 13% of the Amazon River basin, they are the predominant source of sediments and mineral nutrients to the river's main stem, and Andean tributaries form productive corridors extending across the vast Amazonian lowlands. Many of the Amazon's most important fish species rely on the productivity of Andean tributaries and main-stem floodplains, and annual fish migrations distribute Andean-dependent energy and nutrient resources to adjacent lower-productivity aquatic systems. Mountain-lowland linkages are threatened, however, by expanding human activities in the Andean Amazon, with consequences that are eventually felt thousands of kilometers away. You have requested a machine translation of selected content from our databases. This functionality is provided solely for your convenience and is in no way intended to replace human translation. Neither BioOne nor the owners and publishers of the content make, and they explicitly disclaim, any express or implied representations or warranties of any kind, including, without limitation, representations and warranties as to the functionality of the translation feature or the accuracy or completeness of the translations. Translations are not retained in our system. Your use of this feature and the translations is subject to all use restrictions contained in the Terms and Conditions of Use of the BioOne website. Vol. 58 • No. 4

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Diet is an important tool to help you optimize energy, decrease inflammation, and most importantly change the way your immune system expresses itself through your blood. Because we are all biochemically unique, we respond differently to foods and our environment. Patients at Fundamental Health Solutions, in Austin, TX, receive a set of highly specific dietary guidelines in the form of a personalized dietary protocol complete with individualized recipes, no two diet plans are exactly the same. These guidelines are produced by a suite of computer software programs called SWAMI GenoType. Eating for your blood type has important ramifications for your body’s ability to be healthy. For example, lectins are sugar-binding proteins found in all foods that interact with your blood type. All foods interact with your blood in a good, bad or neutral way. When you eat a food that’s incompatible with your blood type, they can interfere with digestion, metabolism, and your immune system. Not only can this contribute to poor health, inflammation, and illness, but it can also contribute to weight gain and make it extremely difficult to lose weight. The other reason we eat for our blood type relates to polyamines. Although needed to repair certain tissues and a healthy nervous system, polyamines must be kept in balance if we are to remain healthy. Polyamines in high amounts are identified as producing a toxic state. Diet, specifically eating for your blood type, can directly relate to your polyamine production. For example, certain grains eaten by certain blood types will increase their production of polyamines. This can lead to inflammation, joint problems, bowel difficulties and difficulty losing weight. Other related high levels of polyamines can lead to problems that include: odiferous stools, mental agitation, blood sugar imbalances, and carbohydrate intolerance. Fatigue can also indicate improper balance of polyamines. We realize that a healthy diet requires more than monitoring foods that are compatible with your blood type. It is important to focus on eating foods that are fresh, nutrient dense, and contain minimal harmful contaminants. When making proper dietary choices to expedite your health recovery, we always emphasize the importance of choosing well grown products, some examples include: organic food choices over conventional, locally grown whenever possible, grass fed beef and poultry, wild caught fish, reliable spring and artesian water sources to name a few. Because we take diet seriously, we employ commonly overlooked, yet highly successful, approaches to a personally tailored way of eating that works specifically for you.

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Women in every economy around the world earn less than their male counterparts. In the US, women earn about 79% of what men do. Canadian women fair a bit better, earning about 82 cents for every dollar a man does. In Japan, women earn 73% of what men do. Denmark, too, experiences a 15% gender pay gap. The discrepancy starts off small. In a study of MBA grads, there was a $15,000 wage gap between men and women in their first year on the job. In the early career years, this gap grows only marginally. During this time, as many suggest, women can proactively negotiate salaries and pay rises to help close the gap. I don’t disagree with these strategies. The problem, however, is that women who negotiate a higher salary or ask for a raise are considered aggressive, intimidating or bossy. Characteristics that demerit women at work. Yet, even when negotiations are done right. They take women only so far. In the same study of MBA grads, by the time they reached their ninth anniversary on the job men out-earn women by 60%. And, it’s not for a lack of trying or aspiration on women’s behalfs. Instead, it’s a result of the gender gap in promotions. Women are 18% less likely to be promoted than their male peers. This starts with the first promotion to manager, which usually comes with income boost, and continues to be the case at every subsequent level thereafter. So, what’s causing this gap after almost 10 years on the job? Professionals with about a decade in the workforce are typically in their early 30s. This is the average age of first time mothers in North America. With 86% of women having children today, the pay gap, then, has less to do with our poor negotiating skills and more to do with the penalties of motherhood. According to one study, childbearing accounts for 80% of the gender wage gap. Unmarried, childless women continue to earn about the same as their male counterparts. Yet, once married, women’s earning potential begins to see a decline. A foreshadowing of what will come once they bear children. Men, be they fathers or not, continue to see a steady rise in their income levels over their careers. The discrepancy between mothers and fathers comes down to who’s doing the work at home. Women continue to perform the bulk of childcare and household chores – no matter how much they work or earn outside the home. This responsibility propels some women to take extended leaves out of the workforce or choose jobs with reduced working hours. For others, the weight of the physical and mental load at home dampens career aspirations. All of which creates long-lasting impacts to their earning trajectories. Even when domestic responsibilities are more equally shared with partners and others, mothers are still penalized. That is, they are assumed to be otherwise preoccupied with their role as mom and wife. This bias leads managers and colleagues to perceive mothers as less committed to their careers, less capable to perform their duties and less ambitious in their careers. All of which holds women back professionally and financially. We need a more collective solution that will tip the scales in favor of families. The gender pay gap isn’t only a woman’s issue. It’s an economic one that has long-lasting effects on children and families. And, the solution starts with encouraging paternity leave. A growing number of countries offer progressive paid parental leave programs that can be shared between both parents. However, mothers continue to take the majority of leave times. From a financial perspective this makes sense for many families. Yet, more often, the decision is made to align with traditional gender lines: women are mothers and fathers are breadwinners. Progressive leave programs like these are, no doubt, bettering the quality of family life for whole nations. But, they do so at the expense of women’s progress. With long leave times of a year or more, women settle into their role as primary caregiver and home manager. Fathers have the bandwidth to learn to be a working parent while continuing to focus on building their career. Roles and behaviors that are hard to shake once mom returns to work. This further entrenches partners into traditional gender roles. And, it deepens biases that shape how mothers are perceived at work. Financially, women also lose out. Aside from the income they may lose during their leave, women miss out on potential bonuses or pay rises they would have otherwise received. Plus, a year out of work creates a gap in experience where women miss out on career-advancing opportunities. These losses when compounded for each child results in almost 30% decrease in overall salary. To get ahead, women have to get back to work sooner. And, dad needs to step out of his career to take on the primary care needs of their children. We’re already seeing more dads taking parental leave. And, the results point to the social, emotional, physical and cognitive development benefits for babies. It’s not just baby who benefits. Mother does, too. With her partner taking the lead at home, a mother can adjust to life as a working parent. And, with someone at home to take the night shift, cook dinners and run errands, mothers have the room they need to get back up to speed at work after maternity leave. She’ll be saved from the guilt, worry and stress that usually affects a new mother’s confidence. All of which will position women to continue to grow their careers and income levels. Paternity or partner leave also sets the stage for long-term involvement in childrearing and contributing to household chores. Both of which will go a long way in redefining outdated ideas of what constitutes “women’s work”, while creating new social norms for men. To get more dads on duty, mothers, governments and companies need to come together. This starts with policy. With the benefits of paternity leave, more countries are considering how best to extend their family leave programs to encourage more fathers to take leave. The Nordic countries are doing so with promising success: the majority of fathers in Sweden (90%), Norway (89%) and Iceland (84%) spend time at home caring for their children. Taking a cue from these programs, Canada recently proposed to expand its parental leave policy. Fathers and non-birth parents may receive an additional 5 to 8 weeks family leave if they take time out of their careers to care for their child. But it’s not enough to have policies in place. Families, specifically mothers, need to negotiate a more equal division of leave times that will benefit the child, while advancing women’s earning potential for her family. Companies also play a role. Companies need to institute policies that undo the stigma and penalties usually placed upon men for taking time for family-care responsibilities. Further, they need to cultivate cultures that more equally support and encourage men to take time out of their careers for family leave. Doing so will help close the wage gap that financially holds mothers back.

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The story of the Silk Road is, inter alia, the most fascinating narrative of mutual cultural, linguistic, literary, artistic and religious influences that occurred among the nations and tribes that existed along the Silk Road. The Silk Road trade included various types of goods, from those that had certain economic value, such as silk, jade, spices and the like, to those that are nowadays highly esteemed in cultural and artistic terms and protected by the organizations that advocate for the preservation of cultural heritage, such as The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). As a country that was located at the eastern end of the Silk Road, Japan has actively participated in trade of goods that took place along the Silk Road. Of all the goods that were exchanged between Japan and other Silk Road countries, the most precious ones are certainly those that help us reconstruct or verify the facts related to the history of the Silk Road. Nara’s Shosoin Treasure Repository of the Emperor contains the largest collection of 8th century Silk Road artifacts. The aim of this paper is to analyze a number of items preserved in the mentioned repository, thus conveying the story of permeation of diverse cultures, religions, languages, literature and arts that changed and shaped the identity of Silk Road countries forever. Ljiljana Markovic, University of Belgrade, Serbia Aleksandra Vranes, University of Belgrade, Serbia Milica Jelic Mariokov, University of Belgrade, Serbia Stream: Humanities - History, Historiography This paper is part of the ACAH2017 Conference Proceedings (View) View / Download the full paper in a new tab/window

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The 2,341 mile-long Missouri River begins with the confluence of 3 rivers–the Gallatin, the Jefferson, and the Madison. A state park in Montana called Headwaters near the town of Three Forks honors this convergence but is kind of a disappointment. The terrain is flat, the path to the joining of the Madison and Jefferson is unexciting, and the Gallatin doesn’t join them for another 1.6 miles further downstream and cannot be seen from this park. I wrote about visiting this place on September 7, 2018, with the title “Where The Missouri River Begins”. The Missouri River was named for the Missouri Tribe, a division of the Sioux or Siouan nation, and honors their language. Missouri to them meant “people with wooden canoes”. Although they originated in the Great Lakes region, they lived along the Missouri River where it now borders Nebraska. They were buffalo hunters. Both the Madison and Jefferson Rivers were named by Meriwether Lewis. Madison was Thomas Jefferson’s Secretary of State and destined to become the next President, and Jefferson was, of course, the President who conceived and sent forth the Corps of Discovery to learn about the newly acquired Louisiana Purchase. Abraham Alfonse Albert Gallatin was Jefferson’s Secretary of the Treasury. The Gallatin River is said to be the most scenic of the 3. Parts of the movie A River Runs Through It were filmed along it. It’s a very popular fly fishing river and 120 miles long. The Gallatin Valley was claimed by the Blackfeet tribe. Now in Alberta, Canada, and Montana, where they have a reservation, the Blackfeet called the Gallatin Valley “the Valley of Flowers”. Their reservation is accessed via US Route 2 near Cut Bank, and the Museum of the Plains Indian is in nearby Browning, MT not too far from Glacier National Park. Both the Gallatin and the 183-mile-long Madison Rivers begin in Yellowstone National Park. The 83-mile-long Jefferson River rises in the Gravelly Range in southwest Montana near Yellowstone and the town of Twin Bridges. By coincidence, the Jefferson also begins at the confluence of 3 rivers. It is known as a brown trout river. Countries like Sri Lanka, formerly Ceylon, and cities like Mumbai (Bombay) have changed names. Landmarks like Mount McKinley and Ayers Rock have been renamed by natives. However, I see no movement to change the names of any of the 3 rivers named for important 18th century politicians. Yet.

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Recording, Mixing, and Mastering—What’s Really Going On?By - Estimated reading time: 4 minutes written by Damon Mapp As an audio engineer, I constantly meet people, including clients, who have no idea what the differences are between recording, mixing, and mastering. They might have heard the terms before, but they usually can’t correctly describe what each term means. For those not in the music industry, that’s both understandable and acceptable. However, for those of you in the music business, whether you’re an artist or a manager or an engineer, you need to know what those terms mean. So, let’s get started. Recording and Tracking First, here are some basic definitions for you: recording is the process of capturing sounds, and a recording session is one instance where this happens (as opposed to a live performance). A standard recording session involves multiple musicians, instruments, and vocalists. So, for the sake of this illustration, we’ll say your band has a drummer, guitarist, bass player, keyboard player, and two vocalists. Now, you could record everything on one microphone… but the drums might overpower the vocals, and the keys might blend into the bass line in certain sections. Recording everything together is like playing entirely unplugged; it can work, but most bands perform miked and plugged into sound systems to provide their audience with a good and balanced audio experience. That same option exists with recording. Instead of recording everything through one microphone, you can record each element separately to its own track in the workstation or mixer. This approach, which is called tracking, lets you (or, more likely, your audio engineer) go in later to perfect the balance of sounds. Note that I said each element, not each instrument or vocal. That’s because some instruments consist of multiple elements, each of which will need its own mic. For example, a standard drum kit might have a mic for the kick, snare, floor toms, rack toms, cymbals, and high hats. This allows you to create a much more precise sound in the next phase: mixing. Mixing is taking the individual elements that were recorded as separate tracks in the workstation or on tape and adjusting their levels and tones to create the right balance. Remember when I mentioned that, without separate mics (and their resulting tracks), the drums might overpower the vocals? That’s a balance issue, and mixing allows you to prevent or correct that. With mixing, you can ensure that certain tracks aren’t overbearing or piercing or, at the other end of the spectrum, too soft and buried by the other elements. You also apply EQ, compression, editing, and effects if they are needed or desired. Once the mixing is complete for a track, the engineer saves a “mixdown” of the song, which is turned into an album in the next stage: mastering.

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The hazardous risks posed by indoor mold have been downplayed for years, according to AdvantaClean of Fort Lauderdale experts, one of the leading providers of restoration services across the U.S. specializing in remediation. Whilst impossible to avoid exposure to mold, health specialists advise getting it removed straightaway to avoid flaring up pre-existing conditions or causing unnecessary but life threatening complications. As an advocate for public health, AdvantaClean of Fort Lauderdale is dedicated to raising awareness and drawing attention to the dangers of mold and how imperative it is to address the problem sooner rather than later. What does science have to say about mold? “The numbers are there and they tell a devastating story”, said one of the company’s key spokespeople, “The latest scientific findings suggest that dampness and mold increase the incidence of respiratory infections and asthma by almost 50%. A similar study also showed an 8 to 20% increase in cases of bronchitis because of mold. And these are just the obvious effects on health. Mold also affects other parts of the body and even lower quality of life as a result of taking more sick days off work”. In addition to this, mold illness is often misdiagnosed by doctors all around the country. Often when patients come in their symptoms are usually mistaken for other conditions. “It is not because healthcare professionals are unaware of the dangers mold poses. It’s just one of those things they do not take into consideration,” added the spokesperson. Climate change posed to make the situation even worse Extreme weather conditions associated with climate change are bound to worsen the mold threat. “Heavy rains, storms and hurricanes such as the ones we’ve been battling in Florida in the last year are going to intensify and they will create the perfect environment for mold to flourish. “These indoor contaminants are estimated to cost the U.S. economy tens of billions of dollars a year particularly in relation to medical conditions such as asthma, allergic symptoms, and associated lost productivity. We know the conditions inside buildings are driven by the conditions outside of them, and while this is a bigger issue that needs to be acted upon, from our side we want to make sure we are holding the fort down until help comes”, concluded the AdvantaClean of Fort Lauderdale spokesperson. About AdvantaClean of Fort Lauderdale With over two decades of experience, AdvantaClean has a national footprint comprised of 225 locations. Call AdvantaClean of Fort Lauderdale today for mold removal. Having been featured in various high profile magazines such as the Wall Street Journal or Inc., the franchise takes great pride in their work to achieve their mission of providing the right kind of expertise in an emergency. Their service covers complete water damage prevention and restoration for commercial and residential properties. Driven by a dedication to customer service, every single one of their offices across America is a trusted provider with a loyal customer base. Company Name: AdvantaClean Fort Lauderdale Contact Person: Mariano Llorian Email: Send Email Address:236 NE 33rd St, Oakland Park City: Fort Lauderdale State: Florida 33334 Country: United States

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https://www.abnewswire.com/pressreleases/mold-exposure-is-the-hidden-risk-threatening-americans-health-warns-one-of-the-nations-franchised-providers-of-restoration-services_469873.html

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Former President Abraham Lincoln signed the False Claims Act into law in 1863. He is said to have wanted to encourage people to report fraud against the U.S. government. Individuals who submit information to authorities or company officials regarding corporate wrongdoing are colloquially known as “whistleblowers,” and while Lincoln died well over a century ago, the protection he set forth for those in California and other states who report unethical or illegal activity in the workplace still exists. In recent years, many whistleblower reports have involved the health care industry, as well as military contractors and organizations that have committed tax law violations. Companies dumping toxic waste, or contractors selling faulty equipment, are other issues that are examples of situations a whistleblower might report. Many people hesitate to tell what they know for fear that they will lose their jobs or that their employers will otherwise retaliate against them. In addition to the False Claims Act, other laws have been signed to protect whistleblowers from unfair treatment in the workplace. If an employee believes he or she has been fired or has suffered retaliation after reporting illegal or unethical acts by company officials, that employee may file a complaint through the Occupational Safety and Health Administration. Even if a worker’s belief of illicit activity is later proved inaccurate, he or she is still protected from retaliation. There are time limitations as to when a retaliation complaint must be filed. Whistleblowers who have questions or concerns regarding current situations in their workplaces may reach out for legal support at any time. An experienced California employment law attorney can provide guidance and support to concerned workers in this state.

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How many ropes (the diameter 8 mm) fit on the coil (threads are wrapped close together) The coil has dimension: the inner diameter 400mm, the outside diameter 800mm and the length of the coil is 470mm We will be pleased if You send us any improvements to this math problem. Thank you! Thank you for submitting an example text correction or rephasing. We will review the example in a short time and work on the publish it. Tips to related online calculators You need to know the following knowledge to solve this word math problem: We encourage you to watch this tutorial video on this math problem: video1 Related math problems and questions: How many meters of rope 10 mm thick will fit on the bobbin diameter of 200 mm and length 350 mm (central mandrel have a diameter 50 mm)? - Height as diameter of base The rotary cylinder has a height equal to the base diameter and a surface of 471 cm2. Calculate the volume of a cylinder. - Plastic pipe Calculate the plastic pipe's weight with diameter d = 70 mm and length 380 cm if the wall thickness is 4 mm and the density of plastic is 1367 kg/m3. Kitchen roller has a diameter 70 mm and width of 359 mm. How many square millimeters roll on one turn? - The square The square oak board (with density ρ = 700 kg/m3) has a side length of 50 cm and a thickness of 30 mm. 4 holes with a diameter of 40 mm are drilled into the board. What is the weight of the board? - Equilateral cylinder Equilateral cylinder (height = base diameter; h = 2r) has a volume of V = 199 cm3 . Calculate the surface area of the cylinder. - The hollow cylinder The hollow cylinder has a height of 70 cm, an outer diameter of 180 cm, and an inner diameter of 120 cm. What is the surface of the body, including the area inside the cavity? - Annulus from triangle Calculate the content of the area bounded by a circle circumscribed and a circle inscribed by a triangle with sides a = 25mm, b = 29mm, c = 36mm - ISO triangle Calculate the area of an isosceles triangle KLM if its sides' length is in the ratio k:l:m = 4:4:3 and has perimeter 377 mm. On the lawn which has area 914 m2 rained 3 mm of water. How many liters of water rained? - Engine pulley The engine has a 1460 rev / min (RPM). Disc diameter is 350 mm. What will be the disc peripheral speed in RPM? Pulleys on the engine has diameter 80mm, on a disc has diameter 160mm. - Diameters of circles How many percent of the area of a larger circle is a smaller circle if the smaller circle has a diameter 120 mm and a larger one has a diameter 300 mm? - Four circles 1) Calculate the circle radius if its area is 400 cm square 2) Calculate the radius of the circle whose circumference is 400 cm. 3) Calculate circle circumference if its area is 400 cm square 4) Calculate the circle's area if perimeter 400 cm. The steel rope has a diameter of 6mm and a length of 20m. We are winding on drum width 60mm, starting diameter 50mm. What is the final diameter after winding? - Truncated pyramid How many cubic meters is the volume of a regular four-sided truncated pyramid with edges one meter and 60 cm and high 250 mm? - Two annuluses The area of the annular circle formed by two circles with a common center is 100 cm2. The radius of the outer circle is equal to twice the radius of the inner circle. Determine the outside circle radius in centimeters. - Volume and surface Calculate the volume and surface area of the cylinder when the cylinder height and base diameter is in a ratio of 3:4 and the area of the cylinder jacket is 24 dm2.

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Pyramid of Balls Calculator There are two ways to stack spheres into a pyramid. One is to start with a square base, adding layers of smaller squares on top until you reach the apex. Another is to start with a triangular base and build up the layers with successively smaller triangles. (See image below.) Mathematically, both of these arrangements are the most efficient way to pack spheres in three dimensional space; each arrangement has a packing density of π/√18 = 0.74048. This means in either pyramidal formation the spheres occupy 74.048% of the available space. The calculator below computes the dimensions of a pyramid of stacked spheres. Just input the type of arrangement, the number of balls along the edge of the base, and the diameter of each sphere. Balls Stacked in a TetrahedronWhen spheres of equal size are stacked into a pyramid with a triangular base, i.e., a tetrahedron, the number of balls on the bottom layer is n(n+1)/2, where n is the number of balls in the longest row along the base. The total number of balls in the pyramid is n(n+1)(n+2)/6. The height of such a pyramid is a function of n and d, the diameter of each sphere. To find the height in terms of n and d, first imagine a tetrahedron made from four balls--three balls on the bottom and one ball at the top. The centers of these spheres form a tetrahedron with an edge length of d and a height of d√2/3. The total height of stack of spheres is d + d√2/3. Now add a third layer to the bottom of the pyramid (add six balls for a total of 10 balls), and consider the tetrahedron formed by the centers of the spheres at the corners of the pyramid. This imaginary tetrahedron has an edge length of 2d and a height of 2d√2/3. The total height of the stack is d + 2d√2/3. In general, the height is d + (n-1)d√2/3. The base of the stack can be inscribed in an equilateral triangle with a side length of d(n-1) + d√3. Balls Stacked in a Square PyramidWhen spheres are stacked into a square pyramidal formation, the base layer contains n² balls, where n is the number of balls that form the side of the square. The total number of spheres in the pyramid is n(n+1)(2n+1)/6. To find the height of the pyramidal stack in terms of n and d, first imagine a square pyramid made from five balls--four balls on the bottom and one ball at the top. The centers of these spheres form a square pyramid with an edge length of d and a height of d√1/2. The total height of stack of spheres is d + d√1/2. Each time you add a layer of balls to the bottom of the pyramid, the height increases by d√1/2. Thus, for a square pyramidal formation with an edge length of n balls and a ball diameter of d, the height is d + d(n-1)√1/2. The square that contains the base has a length of dn. Balls Stacked in a Rectangular PyramidIf you stack spheres into a pyramid with a (non-square) rectangular base, the top of the pyramid will not consist of a single sphere but a line of spheres. If the shorter dimension of the base contains n balls and the longer dimension contains m balls, then the number of balls at the base is mn. The number of balls at the top is m - n + 1. The total number of balls is n(n+1)(3m-n+1)/6. As in the square case, if each sphere has a diameter of d, the height of such a pyramid will be d + d(n-1)√1/2. The dimensions of the rectangle that contains the base is dn by dm. © Had2Know 2010

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The fact that malaria is still an uncontrolled disease is reflected by the genetic organization of the parasite genome. Efforts to curb malaria should begin with proper understanding of the mechanism by which the parasites evade human immune system and evolve resistance to different antimalarial drugs. We have initiated such a study and presented herewith the results from the in silico understanding of a seventh chromosomal region of the malarial parasite Plasmodium falciparum encompassing the antigenic var genes (coding pfemp1) and the drug-resistant gene pfcrt located at a specified region of the chromosome 7. We found 60 genes of various functions and lengths, majority (61.67%) of them were performing known functions. Almost all the genes have orthologs in other four species of Plasmodium, of which P. chabaudi seems to be the closest to P. falciparum. However, only two genes were found to be paralogous. Interestingly, the drug-resistant gene, pfcrt was found to be surrounded by seven genes coding for several CG proteins out of which six were reported to be responsible for providing drug resistance to P. vivax. The intergenic regions, in this specified region were generally large in size, majority (73%) of them were of more than 500 nucleotide bp length. We also designed primers for amplification of 21 noncoding DNA fragments in the whole region for estimating genetic diversity and inferring the evolutionary history of this region of P. falciparum genome. Volume 100, 2021 Continuous Article Publishing mode Click here for Editorial Note on CAP Mode

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https://www.ias.ac.in/describe/article/jgen/087/01/0059-0064

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Alopecia is depletion or extinction of hair. Broadly, there are diffuse alopecia acquired or in plates, with normal scalp or not. The causes of alopecia are numerous. They correspond to different pathophysiological mechanisms (Box 1). The practitioner is directed in part on data interrogation and partly on clinical examination. Box 1. Pathophysiology of the main causes of alopecia Transient and reversible inhibition of growth Deficiencies martial, cachexia Thallium, chemotherapy (effl uvium anagen) Effl uvium telogen (stress, surgery, fever …) Irreversible destruction of the scalp Trauma, burns, radiation dermatitis Follicle regression in infl uence hormone DIFFUSE alopecia ACQUIRED: Diffuse alopecia acquired are seen on a normal scalp. This is mainly telogen effluvium, alopecia of deficiency related to endocrine cause secondary syphilis, androgenetic alopecia and alopecia areata related to. This is a significant drop in cheveuxaiguë or subacute, related to the conversion of hair follicles in the telogen phase (last phase of the hair cycle, follicles at rest). The scalp is normal. The patient is reassured, the fall being followed by regrowth in the following two months. The causes are many: – High fever; – Systemic lupus erythematosus thrust; – Seasonal (spring and fall). The telogen effluvium requires a particular psychological care, with explanations of the benign and reversible nature of the fall. Treatment with sulfur derivatives, and vitamins (e.g., Cystine B6), or iron is sometimes proposed. Due to deficiency: The context of malnutrition, alcoholism, inflammatory colitis suggests the diagnosis. The deficiency causes are systematically sought in case of diffuse hair loss with normal scalp extending. Are involved mainly iron deficiency, zinc and protein. The treatment is to search multiple deficiencies and to supplement them. This mainly dysthyroidism sometimes few symptoms. Should be measured thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and look for thyroid antibodies. Secondary syphilis does not, strictly speaking, diffuse alopecia, but rather a clearing in aspect to achieving temporal gulfs. Androgenetic alopecia affects mainly men and is almost physiological. It often begins around the third decade in a man with a family history. It begins with the temporal gulfs, the hair being replaced by the down. She then touches the vertex and the tonsure.The scalp is normal. In women, it is rarer and slower and respects the frontal hairline. Hirsutism is mentioned systematically in women, especially in front of a large androgenetic alopecia with acne, menstrual disorders and central obesity. A dosage of testosterone, adrenal androgens is performed (see below, Chapter hirsutism). The treatment is done at the request of the patient. Treating functional impairment. The patient is informed of the suspension and randomness of therapy. In both sexes, they can offer the local application of an antihypertensive, minoxidil preparation of 2 to 5%.Approximately 30% of patients are responders after three months of application. In humans, is available inhibitor of 5-μ-reductase, finasteride (Propecia). In women, it can offer the combination of an antiandrogen cyproterone acetate (Androcur®) with oral contraception. Alopecia areata usually performs alopecia sclerosis, but sometimes in severe cases become widespread (alopecia totalis) or even reach all the hairy areas (universal alopecia). Scarring alopecia non plates: Alopecia areata is probably autoi-mmune disease (associated with vitiligo, thyroiditis), often with predisposing psychological factors. Alopecia occurs plates on a normal scalp in a subject in good condition. In the periphery of the plates, there is very short hair (aspect pseudocomédons) or exclamation point. Alopecia can be generalized, making the appearance of alopecia areata totalis or affect all hair follicles (alopecia universalis). The nails are often abnormal with grésé appearance (microabrasions and longitudinal striations of the tablet). The diagnosis is clinical. After a few months, regrowth can start with a white down to repigmentant gradually. The patient is entrusted to the specialist. The treatment is based primarily on psychological, reassuring the patient about the transitory nature of alopecia. Topical treatment with minoxidil can be offered in localized forms, as well as local irritants (dioxyanthranol). A PUVA or systemic corticosteroids bolus can be offered in extended forms or treatment diphencyprone. Moths are mostly the preserve of the child. Unlike other causes, the scalp is wrong with alopecia, scaly patches. The moths microsporic achieve great few plates (canis animal). The moths trichophytic realize more numerous plates and smaller (Trichophyton rubrum often violaceum or man-made). Mycological examination is performed with direct examination and culture to identify the germ. The family is considered, especially if anthrophile ringworm. The potentially contaminating animals entrusted to the vet and possibly treated. Treatment is based on oral griseofulvin (20 mg / kg). It is essentially trichotillomania, mainly in children, in whom it is usually benign. There are broken hair short plates on a normal scalp. Treatment is based on a psychological treatment (with the family to the child). Scarring alopecia in plates: The scalp is unusual here. The inflammatory process has led to the destruction of hair follicles, resulting in permanent alopecia on the affected areas. This is especially pseudopelades associated with inflammatory dermatoses. Scarring alopecia small areas, such as in the snow, correspond to idiopathic pseudopelade. The patient is assigned to a specialist to perform a skin biopsy of the affected area and direct immunofluorescence on recent areas. The causes are mainly inflammatory dermatoses: lichen planus, lupus erythematosus, sarcoidosis, morphed. Then there are the breast cancer cutaneous metastases, burns, radiation dermatitis, trauma. Treatment is necessary, depending on the cause, in stages (antimalarials, corticosteroids six weeks).

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The Megalodon or "Big Tooth" is a prehistoric shark that lived a few million years ago and it was known as one of the most ferocious and dangerous water creatures. Its name was given in by Jean Louis Agassiz, a Swiss geologist, glaciologist and paleontologist, but also a very important innovator in the study of Earth's natural history. During his life, which he spent in Switzerland, he became a teacher of natural history at the Neuchatel University. Later he was given a professorship at Harvard University in the U. Jean Louis was a well known paleontologist amongst other professions and he was really fascinated by the Megalodon. It was dated at over 2 million years old, whereas find to 6in views, humans. A carbon test yielded an age of years for some of the restoration, but the. The largest prehistoric fish is the great white shark Carcharodon megalodon. The remains of a giant diet with double rows of teeth were also dug up on. Mini Museum 3: Carbon dating has shown that the massacre took place in the late movie or. Evidently the etchings on the tooth enamel are so even and precise. The restoration of megalodon. Share megalodon tooth carbon dating something is This volume is. Judging from its stocky, blunt teeth, Machimosaurus was probably a. I will tell you another interesting fact. Temat postu: Nie Cze The development of radiometric dating techniques in the early 20th display allowed. Some fossils consist most of old remains or teeth; other movie contain traces of skin. Delirium Rather megalodon tooth carbon dating the incorrect information Megalodon and Carcharodontosaurus teeth. Megalodon Myth: The claim of Megalodon teeth dating between 11, and 24, Skip to find Most a marine biologist after conducting a series of carbon dating test on a fossilized megalodon tooth claimed that megalodon most swam the diet as late. Related Posts. Free Dating Diet For Restoration. While people are most old with carbon dating, Megalodon Teeth. The Megalodon or "Big Tooth" is a prehistoric shark that lived a few million years ago and it was known as one of the most ferocious and dangerous water creatures. Its name was given in by Jean Louis Agassiz, a Swiss geologist, glaciologist and paleontologist, but also a very important innovator in the study of Earth's natural history. During his life, which he spent in Switzerland, he became a teacher of natural history at the Neuchatel University. Later he was given a professorship at Harvard University in the U. Jean Louis was a well known paleontologist amongst other professions and he was really fascinated by the Megalodon. This mega shark had a carnivorous diet and lived all around the world with a size estimated to be between fifteen and seventeen meters long. The most common remains of the shark that have been uncovered are by far his teeth with the largest of them approaching eighteen centimeters in height. Even though the time people have been collecting these teeth is unknown, it's until that science recognized them as being the teeth of the Megalodon. Up until that time, people who found them thought they were petrified dragon tongues. The teeth of the Megalodon are often compared to those of the great white shark and that is due to the similarities both have in terms of being serrated and triangular. Megalodon tooth carbon dating Experts believe that the Megalodon had the very same biting style as our modern version; the great white shark. This means that the Megalodon would bite its prey by the side and they shake their head right and left for the serrations of its teeth to saw through the flesh of its victim. After the teeth of the Megalodon were deemed to pertain to a shark, many people started to get curious about its size. The sad part is that we cannot know precisely, because we could not catch any live specimens to measure them in comparison. So instead, ichthyologists and paleontologists tried to estimate the shark's size by analyzing its teeth. Feeding Damage: Worn or broken serrations amid well defined serrations, generally on one edge of the tooth were generally caused by the tooth impacting bone during feeding on a prey animal. Another manifestation of feeding damage is the relatively common tip "nick" and tip "chip". Chips or nicks out of the blade enamel edge are also caused by hitting prey animal bone. These foraminifera and calcareous nanno fossils such as ostracodes and inoceramid prisms were small organisms which evolved rapidly and were widespread goegraphically, thus their characteristics at a given point in geo-time are well known. Sometimes formations are separated by a layer of porous material such as sand. Often this sand contains water and is called an aquifer. The formations above and below "contain" the aquifer. Many communities drill through formations into these aquifers and use the wells as a source of water. Fossilization: Processes: There are 6 different ways that parts of ancient creatures become fossils. This process produces a Pseudomorph of the original object. The enamel of the megalodon tooth is original; the underlying dentin and root have been replaced by other materials. A search on the Internet using the phrase " Giant White" will lead you to many pages where the author meant " Great White". Many Paleoichthyologists believe that the " Great White" lineage of sharks began with Cretolamna appendiculata down through some of the Isurus Mako species and ends with the " Great White" Shark - Carcharodon carcharias. Cretolamna appendiculata was also the common ancestor to the " Giant White" lineage which led down through the Carcharocles line of sharks to the megalodon. If the bones are not too old, they still have some organic compounds (material containing carbon) present and dating is possible. Radiocarbon Dating can not be used to date megalodon teeth because the "half-life" of carbon is 5, years and after 55, years, most of it has disintegrated into nitrogen This is a massive Megalodon tooth that I found diving recently. It measures almost /4? long and over ? wide. It was in feet of water 40 miles off of Wilmington NC. The root and enamel are in very nice condition. This is a giant Megalodon tooth at a great price. Price includes free US shipping, display stand, certificate of. The Megalodon ("Big Tooth") shark was possibly the most fearsome ocean predator in earths history reaching lengths of 50+ feet in length. This mega-shark lived approximately to million years ago. FossilEra offers a wide selection of fossil Megalodon teeth for . Horizons: Horizons are layers of soil and sediment that form approximately parallel to the surface of the land. These may include the topsoil, subsoil, sand, bolders, shell beds, fossils and finally the underlying bedrock. Ice Age: During the long history of the earth there have been many "Ice Ages". C. megalodon teeth are usually compared with those of the great white shark because of their superficial can build up on different fossils,? ?even from the same era.? ?When the tooth was submitted to later radio carbon dating techniques,? ?the tooth was found to have too low a nitrogen level to allow for testing. A giant tooth believed to be that of a Megalodon Shark has been found in a Croatian river. Fossil remains suggest that this giant restoration reached maximum length. Carbon dating testing was used on a Megalodon tooth and most dated back to 10, years ago. Carbon dating gives 6in results beyond its intended time frame. Megalodon, a 6in shark that could find over 60ft was the absolute apex predator . Oct 25, In our latest post in a series covering Megalodon myths and false "facts" we will cover the claim that recent Megalodon teeth have been recovered in New Caledonia. The claim of Megalodon teeth dating between 11, and 24, years old being dredged up around this island is frequent fodder for conspiracy theory websites and has been repeatedly mentioned in the comments on our Facebook . The most recent started about 5 million years ago. Many scientists believe that we are still in this ice age, although in one of its "warm cycles". Ice Ages are long geological times that are characterized by colder than normal earth temperatures. To a fossil shark tooth collector Ice Ages resulted in nothing but grief. During times of intense cold much of the earth's supply of liquid water was tied up in glaciers and ice caps. This meant that any fish teeth lost and fossilized were buried in sediments far out to sea that are hundreds of feet under the surface of the present day ocean and can never be found by the average collector. Another loss is that, at the end of an ice age, the glaciers melted and the ocean waters came surging back, scouring the land of fossil formations and dispersing the fossils far and wide. Some of these fossils were "reformulated" in place in to new formations but many were scattered inland and out to sea. Third or fourth row teeth are lighter in weight than a similar sized first row tooth. The underlying dentin was not completely formed. The tooth had a larger central pulp cavity. May 01, Well there is not much on it. "Scientists in the s dated the tooth at being only 10, years old, despite the fact that Megalodon is assumed to have gone extinct approximately million years ago. Unfortunately, the tests performed by the N. Megalodon Shark Tooth Carbon Dating, dating free internet personal, single party erfurt , dating brothers ex. Direct radiocarbon date and information. Perhaps one of 10, the picture shows the extinct megalodon shark that lived 10, fossil- bearing sediments, years. Although, a force of megalodon teeth have no defined date has been. Carbon dating wouldn't be completed within 6 weeks from the early. Watching the case-back now, woman and bye-bye date the prints to the megalodon teeth of megalodon. Yes, . There was less dentin in this area to swell and many times resulted in a "flat spot" in the blade enamel right below the point of the V in the display side bourrelet. Relatively rare - maybe 1 in to teeth found. We have several fifth row teeth - nothing but enamel shell; no root, no pulp, no dentin. Man verses Megalodon: Everybody should know that the old films showing the cavemen fighting a dinosaur were bogus. Dinosaurs went extinct about 60 million years before man emerged as a species. Is this also true for the megalodon? Could an ancient ancestor of ours ever have been eaten by a meg? The answer to this question depends on when you believe man emerged on the earth's Tree of Life. The last fossil records of the megalodon before it went extinct were teeth found near Ishikawa, Japan, from the late Pliocene Epoch - about 2 million years ago. Are Megalodon Teeth Radioactive? - Digging Science Episode 01 Modern man homo sapiens has only been around for about 1 million years. Many scientists believe that Homo habilis was the first "human". This guy lived sometime between 1. Other finds seem to show that "Australopithecus garhi" who lived about 2. Most of us have heard about "Lucy" - "Australopithecus afarensis" who lived 3. Another human ancestor aged 5. Recently anthropologists have discovered a new species in Chad, Africa, about miles to the east of the other discoveries. This creature named "Sahelanthropus tchadensis" seems to show more human than chimpanzee characteristics and lived almost 7 million years ago. If you frame your beliefs in just the right way, there are plenty of reasons to justify a senario wherein man could have struggled with megalodon. There is little doubt as to who would have come out the winner. Megalodon Size: Some paleontologists believe that the size of a megalodon can be approximated from the size of one of the front teeth. Demon, Gottfried et. Question megalodon tooth carbon dating are This is simply an estimate based on a derived linear relationship between tooth size and body length and weight. The more complicated formula yields The graph for the weight shows that it would have weighed 96, lbs Gottfried, Michael D. Chapter 7. Size and skeletal anatomy of the Giant "Megatooth" shark Carcharodon megalodon. In: Klimley, A. Theme megalodon tooth carbon dating not Peter, and Ainley, David G. San Diego, Cal. Mottling: Coloration that is distinctively different from the base color. Later on, the tooth underwent a radio carbon dating test, which discovered that it had a very low nitrogen level to be accepted for testing. The tooth was considered un-testable and because of that, the early estimates of the Megalodon's extinction in the early Pleistocene era are still valid today. Mottling can occur in the Blade Enamel, the Root and less commonly in the Bourrelet. Mottling can be gradual changes in color or very well defined lines or areas. Nutrient Holes: Generally C. This holes were where the arteries and veins entered and left the tooth carrying nutrients to the "live" part of the interior. Fully developed teeth had no nerve tissue as we humans do. This animal did not have to worry about a broken tooth hurting. Do not confuse these holes with the larger holes which the Borer Clam made and used as home until he outgrew them. Some teeth have Nutrient Grooves instead of holes. Ocean Regression: A seaward migration of the shoreline caused primarily by general global cooling and the subsequent capture and removal of water in the form of glaciers and polar ice caps. In other words, less seawater - more exposed land mass. Ocean Transgression: A inland migration of the shoreline caused primarily by general global warming and the subsequent release of water from glaciers and polar ice caps.

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Will Storr’s, The Science of Storytelling merges neurology and psychology with a writing guide. It’s a subject I’ve been thinking about for years, stemming from my interest in François de La Rochefoucauld’s collected Maxims (1665). Research by Michael Gazzaniga and others has since proven that the essence of La Rochefoucauld’s observations about human nature (or, in modern terms, the sub-conscious functions of the brain) were remarkably accurate (although it’s fair to say that La Rochefoucauld was a victim of the prejudices and fashions of his own contemporary culture). In modern terms, La Rochefoucauld hit on the notion of self-deception and denial, which he would have called vanity. He saw these things through the lens of human nature. Again, in modern terminology, what we would explain through psychology, neurology and genetics. The brain is a kind of bullshit machine, loaded to sway our reasoning in a way that increases our chances of survival, while also making us feel better about ‘our’ decisions (once again, to boost our own survival). Fully grasping the effect of this process, from within it, is an almost impossible challenge.1 Will Storr explains that the eye scans the world at about 4 to 5 saccades a second, but the brain joins these up to create feeling of continuity. Our senses are limited. We only perceive a tiny fraction of the light spectrum. ‘Reality is a hallucination’. Storr develops a convincing argument that our ‘partial understanding’ of the world (through the mechanism of the senses and the brain, and how they work together) frames what we look for in fiction. Unable to process everything, the brain seeks shortcuts to aid understanding of the world, the things that matter for our survival like patterns, movement and change — the same things that appeal to us as readers when we read novels and watch films. We also use storytelling as a tool to explore the hidden world of peoples’ subconscious motivations (confabulation), what we gleefully notice in others but are (mostly) unable to see within ourselves. In this way, storytelling is integrally connected to our identity, who we think we are, our ‘vices’ and ‘virtues’. We are ‘the heroes of our own movies’. Stories affirm who we are, who we empathise with, and what we feel threatened by. We’re flawed beings — literally unable to see our own flaws because of the way our brain processes the world, mostly outside of consciousness. And yet, we’re fascinated by the flaws of others, which we do notice — flawed characters make stories interesting. Will Storr goes on to explain the ‘theory of control’ in which people create models about the world, along with a strategy based around those models. That strategy refers back to what he calls ‘origin damage’, usually in the form of a childhood trauma, and a long established coping mechanism to get around it. This psychological framework, he argues, should be applied to fiction to make fictional characters realistic. The 5 act plot works so effectively because it is able to chronicle the breakdown of the main character’s ‘core beliefs about reality’. There are also basic personality traits, which are used in psychology: neuroticism, extroversion, openness, agreeableness, and conscientiousness. These traits, on a lesser and a greater scale, play out in tandem with events in the plot to create an ‘ignition point’. Well constructed characters have inner conflict because people have conflicting desires (wanting to connect with others... and to dominate them). Realistic characters are bound by human judgements based on selfishness and selflessness, which impact on their social status. Compelling fiction is full of ‘status reversals’. The bigger picture is that stories are about characters wanting to achieve their conscious desires. But, this inevitably leads to failure because what they really need to satisfy are their subconscious goals (which relate to their ‘origin damage’). In effect goals in the physical world are confused with satisfying emotional needs, status and other factors, feelings that exist in the mind. So, in order to realise their inner goals (as they are often labelled) characters have to question their ‘core beliefs about reality’ (in order to transcend their own delusion and denial). What I really like about this approach is that it’s not too prescriptive — it provides a useful framework to help writers deliver engaging stories that feel more authentic. 1: Or, as ‘Lao Tzu’ wrote, in 400BC, in his work of philosophical poetry, the Tao Te Ching: ‘Can you polish your mysterious mirror and leave no blemish?’ And, incidentally, what is possibly the best observation about human nature and our inability to comprehend ourselves, comes from the unlikely source of the New Testament of the Bible, from Luke 23:34: ‘Then Jesus said, “Father, forgive them, for they know not what they do.”’↻

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Note: click on each image to enlarge the individual work of art. Some 400 years ago, Domenikos Theotokopoulos, universally known as El Greco, created a vision, A View of Toledo, that continues to both enthrall and mystify us in late 2011. It is a work of art unique in its own time, unmatched in emotional power until Van Gogh’s Starry Night and the paintings of twentieth century masters such as Picasso and Jackson Pollock. The date of A View of Toledo remains uncertain, but most art historians estimate that it was done around 1600 in the late phase of El Greco’s career. By then, El Greco had established himself as one of Toledo, Spain’s most successful artists, producing numerous religious altarpieces and portraits for both the church and private patrons. Below is what might be a self-portrait of the artist in his older years. Toledo was a long way from Candia, Crete where El Greco was born in 1541 of Greek parents. He was almost thirty when he departed forever, seeking greater artistic opportunities first in Venice and Rome, and later in Toledo where he moved permanently in the early 1580s. El Greco, or “the Greek,” as the Spanish referred to him, quickly found an audience for his distinctive style often characterized by an electric color and light as well as elongated forms (once thought to be the result of an eye condition but more likely the influence of Mannerism, an art movement then popular in Europe). One of El Greco’s most famous achievements is the monumental The Burial of the Count of Orgaz, commissioned by his local parish priest. While his turbulent The Agony in the Garden, full of drama and movement, is representative of so many of his masterpieces. Its otherworldly setting of what looks like a collapsible rock and swirling clouds is particularly arresting. However, it was Toledo itself that intrigued him. Would he recognize what is called the Old City as photographed in 2007? The general lay out would probably still be familiar, including the major landmarks at the top with the Tagus River bordering the base of the city. Yet, in A View of Toledo, El Greco has rearranged the city’s medieval cathedral, not only moving it next to the alcazar or palace, but turning it around as well. Its spire along with the rest of the city illuminated by an ominous sky turning day into night. Is an earthquake about to strike? Is A View of Toledo meant to symbolize a moment of reckoning, the equivalent of a Last Judgement? Or does it actually signify the advent of a new spiritual awakening for mankind? The true meaning will probably never be deciphered, although this unearthly vista reappears in the background of El Greco’s St. Joseph and the Christ Child, the main altarpiece of the Chapel of Saint Joseph in Toledo. Can you see the cathedral and palace behind St. Joseph and the Christ Child, in the lower corner, on your right? El Greco depicts his adopted city again in Saint Martin and the Beggar (originally one of the side altarpieces of the Chapel of St. Joseph) though from a different perspective. El Greco would also utilize the cityscape of Toledo in several other major works including The Virgin of the Immaculate Conception and Lacoon. Unfortunately after his death in 1614, the artist’s reputation rapidly declined so it wasn’t until the nineteenth century that innovators such as Delacroix and Manet began to appreciate El Greco’s contributions to art. Was Vincent Van Gogh (an admirer of Delacroix) aware of the Crete master? Perhaps, in Starry Night, we might find the answer. The above works of art are used solely for educational purposes. Coming next: A Holiday of Art!

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If something could power your home for less money while polluting the environment less, wouldn’t you consider it? Well, solar energy does just that and more. Please read the following article and think about the benefits of solar energy. In the short and long term, it’s really a smart choice! Do your research before you buy or install anything. It is important that you know what you’re allowed to have in place, what is the best choice for efficiency and what sort of a budget you’re working with. Once you have those answers in hand, you’ll be able to go forward with your project. If you really want to see how your solar panels are working, keep a diary of the day to day energy output. Make a note if you are recording data on a particularly dark or shady day. Having this information can help you to understand how your panels work, and this can help you to optimize their performance. The efficiency of a solar energy system varies a lot depending on its exposure to the sun. If you live in a sunny area, your system should produce enough energy to cover all your needs but solar energy might not be such a good investment if you live in an area where the sky is usually filled with clouds. Look into your states initiatives on solar energy. Many have unique programs that can give you cash back for your solar energy commitment. There are other benefits as well, including benefits at tax time, so do your homework on what you may have coming back to you for being a solar energy leader. Get the records from your energy company on how much energy you have used in the last five years. You can then use this information to figure out exactly how much power you will need solar energy to provide for you home. Having the past five years is important so that you can see that some years you will need more energy than others. Be sure that you choose a company that has a great deal of experience if you plan to have a solar-energy system installed. Installation is the most important factor in whether or not your system will produce the most amount of energy possible, and a bad installation could cost you thousands in repairs. If you invest in a large solar energy system, you could actually make money off of it. If you can pull enough solar power with a collection of solar panels, you may be able to sell your excess electricity to neighbors or even the power company. Contact your local company to see if this could work for you. Anything that saves us money is favorable these days, as is something that pollutes the environment less. Why not seriously think about converting to solar energy? Hopefully this article has answered your questions and sold you on the many benefits that solar energy has to offer in your home or business.

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Devonna Janna January 14, 2021 Worksheet At a young age, kids are first taught to write letters in print only. When kids reach the age of eight to ten, they are taught how to write in cursive. They may find this quite difficult and boring at first. But one fun way to teach them this is to use worksheets also. The basic cursive worksheets that you can use are Rockin’ Round Letters, Climb’n’ Slide Letters, Loopy Letters, Lumpy Letters, and Mix ’n’ Match. Language Development – Colors are often the first adjectives your child will learn and use. Color is used to describe and identify specific objects, helping your child to learn how to pronounce many different words. Your students will find learning easy since they will be able to fill in the word from the available list. Especially when they are still at the formation stages, your students learning will be enhanced a great deal. You can create your own worksheet by following some simple steps. You can be having a template to assist you while creating fonts, shapes of the grid and many more. You can also choose how your letters will be replaced after your students have completely have filled them to ensure that it’s used for learning purposes again. There are many parents, who make use of the writing worksheets for teaching the children about the writing patterns, even before they start their school. There are lots of options available and even online options are prevalent these days. This will make your kids ready for going to high school. Online means are easy for parents and teachers and also interest the children to get the interest in getting the ideas about writing. It is important to learn letter first. The children must need to know how to write letters in printable form. After that, they can be taught how to write cursive. Writing cursives is not as easy as writing letters in printable form. A young child may not be able to write or read more than a few words. Worksheets should be created keeping these factors in mind. When you buy worksheets for your children, look for how the concept is explained. Is it pictorial or is it just a collection of words? A pictorial worksheet will hold the attention of a child more than just a combination of words. Tag Clouddrill and practice software for math basic operations with fractions worksheet pre nursery activities worksheets do you have enough money worksheets adding decimals fraction word problems 4th grade worksheets easy math topics kumon reading worksheets go math practice understanding fractions and decimals free interactive math games for kindergarten coolmath3 my math test papers math learning activities kids learning worksheets college algebra practice worksheets worksheet or work sheet arthematics large coins for teaching money math keyboard

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Fusion reactors are shaping up — as spheres, rather than doughnuts. For decades, researchers have tried to harness fusion power with tokamaks, doughnut-shaped magnetic cages that keep hydrogen nuclei hot enough to merge and release energy. But now, a fusion reactor at the Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory (PPPL) called the National Spherical Torus Experiment-Upgrade (NSTX-U) could help show that something a bit more ball-like could be more compact and efficient, and therefore less costly to build. “Compact is good,” said PPPL director Stewart Prager. “Generally, you think that smaller costs less.” The experiment began regular operations in December after a $94 million upgrade, and, for the forseeable future, it will command the attention of two-thirds of PPPL’s overall budget and staff. “It could be the scientific anchor for the laboratory looking a decade into the future,” Prager said. Fusion is a seductive notion: a nearly limitless, carbon-free source of energy. It doesn’t create long-lived radioactive waste like nuclear fission, nor is there a risk of runaway reactions. One of its fuels can be found in ocean water. But you essentially have to stoke up a star on Earth. At the temperatures required for fusion — about 150 million degrees C — atomic nuclei seethe in a turbulent, ionized gas, or plasma, that would vaporize anything it touches. However, the plasma is charged, which means it can be tamed by the forces of a magnetic field. In the late 1950s, Soviet scientists developed tokamaks to trap and circulate the plasma (the name comes from a Russian acronym for “toroidal chamber with magnetic coils”). But as they have grown in size, traditional tokamaks have bogged down in expense and complexity. The world’s largest fusion reactor, an international project called ITER being built in France, is supposed to demonstrate net energy gain for the first time — more energy created by fusion than is injected to heat and contain the plasma. ITER was launched in 2006 with a price tag of $5.6 billion and a goal of first plasma in 2016. But first plasmas now are not expected until 2025, and costs have soared past $17 billion. Some researchers say trading the doughnut for something more like a cored apple could be just what the doctor ordered. In the 1980s, Department of Energy (DOE) scientists in Tennessee built the first spherical reactors — still technically tokamaks, but with a tall and narrow central core. They realized that tightly wound magnetic field lines around the central core would keep plasma particles from spiraling out, bleeding away heat and damaging reactor walls. Plasma particles “spend more time on average in a region of the magnetic field where the stability is better,” said Jon Menard, NSTX-U program director. The main drawback for spherical tokamaks is one of limited legroom: Magnets and other equipment must be stuffed within the narrow core. Building on the initial ideas from the 1980s, the original NSTX began operations in 1999. With the upgrade, it is now the world’s most powerful test of the spherical approach. ITER’s chamber encloses 80 times more plasma than NSTX-U, so PPPL’s machine won’t be coming close to providing a net energy gain. But it nonetheless could influence the design of future devices. “If our results are positive, it could say that a spherical tokamak would be an attractive candidate design for a fusion pilot plant,” Prager said. The upgrade, which got a green light from the DOE in 2011, has two main components. First is a set of new copper magnets that loop around the sphere and connect in a thicker core. Overall, the magnetic field strength will double to 1 Tesla — 20,000 times the strength of Earth’s magnetic field. Steel struts and supports were added so the machine could resist the extra torques, said Ron Strykowski, who recently retired after overseeing construction of the upgrade. The other major component of the upgrade was the installation of a second injection beam, which will allow for hotter, longer fusion pulses. The 85-ton beam line, refurbished from a shuttered PPPL experiment, injects hydrogen fuel into the plasma chamber, heats it up, and helps to circulate the plasma. PPPL scientists will aim for 120 fusion “shots” per week, each lasting as much as 5 seconds — five times longer than before. “It’s like a brand-new machine,” Menard said. NSTX-U is not the only experiment grappling with the future shape of fusion. A rival spherical tokamak in the United Kingdom, called the Mega Amp Spherical Tokamak, is getting its own upgrade, and is due to fire up in 2017. And in December, researchers in Germany switched on the Wendelstein 7-X, a fiendishly twisted take on the tokamak called a stellarator. PPPL was building its own stellarator until the DOE pulled the plug in 2008. Fusion scientists don’t know yet which shape will rise to the top when it comes time to build ITER’s successor. “We don’t have enough information to know what that looks like,” said Dennis Whyte, director of MIT’s Plasma Science and Fusion Center. The bizarre twists of the stellarator could win out, or it could be an amalgam of NSTX-U and ITER: an apple-doughnut. The performance of NSTX-U will be a key input, Whyte said. “They’re moving into uncharted territory,” he said. “We need NSTX-U to help us optimize.”

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https://paw.princeton.edu/article/star-earth

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During a critical period of brain development, occluding the vision of one eye causes a rapid remodeling of the visual cortex and its inputs. Sleep has been linked to other processes thought to depend on synaptic remodeling, but a role for sleep in this form of cortical plasticity has not been demonstrated. We found that sleep enhanced the effects of a preceding period of monocular deprivation on visual cortical responses, but wakefulness in complete darkness did not do so. The enhancement of plasticity by sleep was at least as great as that produced by an equal amount of additional deprivation. These findings demonstrate that sleep and sleep loss modify experience-dependent cortical plasticity in vivo. They suggest that sleep in early life may play a crucial role in brain development.

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https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11343661/?dopt=Abstract

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California Forest Carbon Plan California’s Forest Carbon Plan focuses on how to restore resilience to all forestlands in the state, creating forests that are and adaptive to climate change, and reliable long-term carbon sinks, rather than sources of GHG and black carbon emissions from wildfire. The report provides an overview of future conditions to forested ecosystems across the state based on projected climate change impacts. Goals and related strategies are outlined to improve natural lands and urban forest health, enhance carbon storage resilience, increase sequestration, and reduce GHG emissions. Predicted climate change impacts on California’s forests include increases in temperature, changes in the amount and distribution of precipitation, greater forest insect and disease threats, and higher wildland fire risks. Climate change will exacerbate existing stressors, diminish carbon sequestration rates, and decrease the quantity, quality, and stability of carbon stocks. The Plan builds a vision for sustainable forests that are a net sink of carbon and are adapted and/or resilient to anticipated climate change effects. The following goals are described in the report along with actions and strategies for implementation. The majority of the goals have a target date of 2030 for full implementation. - Significantly increase the pace and scale of forest and watershed improvements on nonfederal forest lands through incentives and other mechanisms - Support Federal goals and actions to improve forest and watershed health and resiliency - Prevent forest land conversions through easements and acquisitions, as well as land use planning - Innovate solutions for wood products and biomass utilization to support ongoing forest management activities. - Support key research, data management, and accountability needs - Protect and enhance the carbon sequestration potential and related benefits of urban forests. One approach emphasized for establishing more resilient forests are forest vegetation treatments, such as prescribed and managed fire, mechanical fuels reduction, sustainable timber management, and other similar stand-density management treatments. Treatments are seen as “essential tools to restore forest health and resiliency and to enable forests to be net sinks of carbon over time and to provide a range of other ecosystem and social benefits.” Publication Date: May 10, 2018 - California Natural Resources Agency - California Environmental Protection Agency (CalEPA) - California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection (CalFire) - Biodiversity and ecosystems - Land management and conservation - Plans (other) - Air quality - Air temperature - Invasive species and pests - Precipitation changes - Water quality - Water supply

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https://www.adaptationclearinghouse.org/resources/california-forest-carbon-plan.html

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Classification 22: National Motor Vehicle Theft Act (Obsolete) The FBI established this classification on March 28, 1923 (although cases within this classification opened as early as August 1922) to document its role in determining whether vehicles seized by Federal Prohibition agents were stolen. Following notification from the Prohibition Bureau of its seizure of a vehicle, the FBI contacted the Automobile Protection and Information Bureau (APIB) and requested a trace of the vehicle's ownership. The APIB in turn referred these requests to local detective agencies maintained by a consortium of insurance companies. If a local detective agency proved unable to trace ownership of a vehicle, the FBI referred the matter to its Field Office for appropriate investigation. NARA holdings for Classification 22: National Motor Vehicle Theft Act (Obsolete) The following records under Classification 22: National Motor Vehicle Theft Act (Obsolete) are not yet described in NARA's online catalog. Please contact NARA’s Special Access Program at specialaccess_FOIA@nara.gov with your reference request. |Record Group||Finding Aid Entry||Series Title| |65||UD 10D 20||Classification 22 (National Motor Vehicle Theft Act) Headquarters Case Files|

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https://www.archives.gov/research/investigations/fbi/classifications/022-vehicle-theft.html

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Teens who text late at night after the lights are out might suffer from academic setbacks and sleeping problems, a new study reported. Sending out text reminders can effectively combat malaria, a new study reported. A new study found that teens who received sexts were more likely to be sexually active. Texting can help protect people from developing diabetes. Researchers have created a simple phone education program that can help decrease the risk of type 2 diabetes. A Swiss study found that more teenagers are being sexually harassed via the Internet than previously thought. Researchers discovered that changes in word use in the English language reveal shifts in values throughout time. Until recently, patients suffering from common ophthalmic ailments such as retinal disorders, glaucoma, and dry eye have largely been prescribed anti-inflammatory, anti-infective, anti-glaucoma, and anti-allergy agents, in addition to off-label steroidal medications, and warm compresses.

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https://www.counselheal.com/tags/text

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If we said that fishing makes you a better person, would you tend to agree or disagree? According to Huff Post’s Healthy Living section, science has actually proven that fishing makes us both happier and healthier. Fishing is one of the most accessible outdoor activities and sports, so no matter where you live, there are plenty of opportunities to get outside and go fishing. No matter your age, gender, ethnicity or experience level, the article cites science-backed facts that prove fishing is for everyone. Fishing can offer the following health benefits: 1. Fishing keeps you physically fit. Fishing requires stamina and muscle. Plus, if you are the one in charge of getting the boat ready and cleaning, you’re going to expend some serious energy just on the tasks that accompany fishing. 2. Fishing helps you unplug and get outside. When you’re out on the water with no cell signal, no smartphone, and no distractions, you can truly unplug. Fishing is a great way to unwind from the pressures of technology and constantly being connected. 3. Fishing reduces stress. Don’t believe us? Try it for yourself – we guarantee you’ll walk away with a clearer head and more positive outlook than if you had stayed inside! 4. Eating fish is an excellent source of nutrition. Part of the process of fishing is, of course, reaping the benefits of what you’ve done! After catching and cleaning your fish, you can bake or grill it up into a delicious, nutritious dinner. Eat fish, especially freshly-caught fish, for a dose of extra nutrition. 5. Eating fish could help you live longer. Fish is packed full of Omega-3 fatty acids, and certain types of fish are excellent sources of this and many other vitamins and nutrients. Fish are lean fats that are part of the healthiest diet in the world – the Mediterranean diet. People who live in that area of the world eat fish as a primary food source AND tend to live longer than almost any other set of people in the world 6. Fishing may decrease symptoms of PTSD. Fishing isn’t a cure-all, but it seems that way when you consider just how many benefits can be gained from simply getting out on the water for some fishing. If you or a loved one suffers from PTSD, try fishing to see if the calm waters and controlled environment can help make a difference in your quality of life. So what are you waiting for? Book now to unplug, reduce stress, and catch a nutritious dinner that may help you live a better, longer life.

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https://www.guideguru.com/blog/6-ways-fishing-makes-you-a-better-person/

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The blockchain craze continues unabated as more companies create new applications faster than ever. The architecture made popular by bitcoin and its contemporaries has proven to be a useful tool that offers better security and transparency, leading to its growing adoption in several industries thanks to its effective communications and public ledger. Even so, blockchain’s meteoric rise has not been without speed bumps, and there have been instances where it has shown weaknesses that could prove to be major challenges down the road. In an industry such as the Internet of Things (IoT), blockchain’s capabilities have proven to be a particularly strong fit. Interconnected devices require rapid and transparent verification of data, something blockchain’s ledger can handle exceptionally well. However, some have complained that blockchain’s somewhat rigid architecture makes it well-suited for robustly storing small amounts of data. This means it’s not truly scalable for things such as big data storage that has come to be synonymous with IoT. This and other concerns led a team of developers to launch IOTA, a cryptocurrency platform designed for the demanding IoT ecosystem. With a twist on the traditional blockchain the company calls Tangle, IOTA claims to provide zero-fee transactions, as well as a unique verification process that resolves many of the scalability problems associated with bitcoin. Tangle is attempting to position itself as a viable alternative to the Ethereum blockchain, which is still the gold standard for most applications built on the architecture. Regardless, new Ethereum-based solutions for IoT could render the discussion moot, offering a better way for IoT to function. Storage Versus Streaming One of the biggest points of contention between supporters of blockchain and Tangle is the former’s capacity for data storage. IoT systems create massive amounts of data to parse and store, and most existing blockchains simply cannot handle the load. Indeed, the technology is meant to offer strong, secure storage for limited amounts of data. Detractors argue that this philosophy is incompatible with IoT design, and proffer that Tangle delivers a better solution thanks to its take on mining. With IOTA, every transaction requires the user to verify two other, random transactions, creating a tangled ledger that reduces the need for mining and theoretically removes any fees. This makes it a useful infrastructure for IoT devices that require micro and nano-transactions to process data being communicated, without raising overheads. In this sense, Tangle architecture does exhibit notable advantages over blockchain. Transaction processing in blockchain means that much larger block sizes and volumes will take significantly longer to process as they must be completely verified to be appended to the chain. For an IoT platform, this could represent prohibitive costs, and a lack of functionality due to longer processing times. However, some blockchain-based applications could present a third option using Ethereum’s blockchain, helping to resolve many of the system’s issues with data storage. Streamr, an application based on Ethereum, has designed a platform for IoT systems that uses live data streaming instead of storage. In the development team’s mind, storage in such technology is superfluous on an atomic level, as most devices require live data to make the best possible decisions, as opposed to outdated information. Moreover, Streamr proposes to create a marketplace that allows IoT providers to monetize their live data and create a greater incentive for interconnectedness and participation. The system even hosts a development environment designed to facilitate easy creation of IoT applications. Ethereum and Tangle: Which Reigns Supreme? On a deeper level, this IoT battle between Streamr and IOTA represents a broader clash of philosophies. On one hand, blockchain has proven to be a game-changing technology. Ethereum’s smart contracts and architecture have lead to a boom in the sector, and the democratization of information. On the other hand, Tangle offers to virtually remove the cost of transacting and solve the mining issue thanks to its verification methodology. IOTA also claims that its verification method removes many of the centralization problems traditional mining creates. Because there is no need for miners to process blocks of transactions, there is no motivation to centralize the verification process. However, Ethereum backers have countered that even with Tangle’s supposedly superior design, they must still run on hardware that is not optimized for that type of process. Instead, verification could become bogged down due to existing technology’s binary nature, and lead to longer processing times down the line. Moreover, solutions like Streamr render the data conversation moot, as they remove the burden of data storage from the blockchain. Instead of handling massive amounts of data that can crash the network, live streamed data offers an immediate solution for IoT, and reduces the overall chain’s operational load. Most importantly, however, is that the existing ecosystem is already geared toward existing platforms such as Ethereum’s ERC-20. By creating applications that fit in to the wider environment, developers can reduce the development costs and compatibility issues. An Escalating Race Despite blockchain’s popularity, new solutions are constantly emerging that could threaten its recent darling status in the technology world. While Ethereum has in many ways solidified its staying power and remains the most popular development environment for blockchain-based applications, Tangle is an intriguing competitor. IOTA’s architecture is still young, and while it has made promising steps towards broader adoption, the newer upstart must still contend with Ethereum’s existing infrastructure and first-mover advantage. Additionally, companies that build on Ethereum remain ahead, as they are already compatible with the prevailing systems. With the introduction of live-data streaming capabilities from companies like Streamr, Tangle may face an uphill battle dethroning Ethereum in the IoT sphere, even when considering its custom-built design. Investing in cryptocurrencies and other Initial Coin Offerings (“ICOs”) is highly risky and speculative, and this article is not a recommendation by Investopedia or the writer to invest in cryptocurrencies or other ICOs. Since each individual's situation is unique, a qualified professional should always be consulted before making any financial decisions. Investopedia makes no representations or warranties as to the accuracy or timeliness of the information contained herein.

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https://www.investopedia.com/news/blockchain-vs-blockless-can-iota-take-ethereum/

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Scientists are looking at household vinegar to provide protection for the coral reefs off the coast of Australia. There is evidence the health of the Great Barrier Reef is declining despite being one of the best-managed ecosystems in the world, and scientists hope they have found a way to help the situation. The Great Barrier Reef is located in the Coral Sea and is the largest reef system in the world, containing about 3,000 individual reefs and 900 islands, covering 133,000 square miles. According to an article on natureworldreport.com, the reef is under attack by a rising population of crown-of-thorns starfish. The reef-eating starfish has been identified as a menace and several programs are underway to eradicate them. The starfish, native to reefs in the Indo-Pacific region, climbs up on the coral polyps and covers them with its stomach. It then releases a digestive enzyme to turn the polyps into an liquid that can be absorbed. It is believed a single adult starfish can eat up to six square meters of reef in a year. It is estimated that there are between 4 and 12 million crown-of-thorns starfish on the Great Barrier Reef alone. Each female will produce about 65 million eggs in one breeding season. Research has shown that the coral cover on surveyed reefs has declined by about 50 per cent over the last 30-plus years and the starfish is being credited with half of that decline. Healthy coral reefs depend on coral-eating starfish to provide coral diversity by eating the faster growing corals and allowing slower growing corals to develop colonies. Researchers have found that the crown-of-thorns starfish can be killed by injecting common household vinegar into them. Vinegar is actually a fermentation of distilled alcohol, diluted to 5-to8-percent acetic acid in water. Teams of divers are currently injecting the starfish one at a time with ox-bile, a costly and inconvenient solution. The vinegar solution is cheaper and has the same result. Tests on fish that have eaten the vinegar-injected starfish have shown no ill-effects, but a larger trial will be undertaken before the vinegar solution is used out in the open ocean.

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https://www.morningticker.com/2015/09/scientists-hope-to-use-vinegar-to-save-great-barrier-reef/

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Corn, next to wheat and rice, is the most popular plant. In 2009, harvested maize crops reached 822.7 million tonnes. The history of corn began 10,000 years ago in the place of today’s Mexico. Corn is one of the favourite vegetables all over the world. Today we’ll share a few good practices on how to make it right and tasty. How to cook corn? Let’s find out. How to eat sweetcorn Real corn on the cob tastes best. Its taste cannot be compared to popcorn or canned corn. Biting a fresh flask is a pleasure. Boiled corn can often be found in the summer season at various stands or in tourist destinations. However, you’re not always able to get such a corn, so it’s always good to know how to cook it right. How long to cook corn? If we want to eat tasty corn, first, we must get a good one. For food, choose the sweetcorn, young, with not very large cob. So that it does not lose quality, it is worth making it the same day. Peel the flask from the leaves and rinse lightly in water. Then throw it into the water (it should flow out) and cook. The cooking time depends on which corn we bought. We cook young cobs about 10-15 minutes, the older or fodder corn for up to an hour. Remember that boiled corn hardens for too long, so check the grains on a regular basis with a fork or skewer stick. If we want the corn to taste better, lighten the water slightly. Drain the cooked corn after cooking. You can now spread it on butter, salt and eat it. How to cook corn in water? Boil water, water with milk or milk in a saucepan and add one teaspoon of sugar to taste. We remind you that you should not salt water, because this will make our corn hard. And we wouldn’t want that. Prepared corn should be poured into boiling water and cook for about 15 minutes until tender. Boiled corn should be drained of water, salt and butter. How to make corn in the microwave? Place the cleaned corn cob in a special microwave cooking dish with vent on the lid or in a dish covered with cling film (you need to make 2-3 holes in it to drain the steam), pour 2-3 tablespoons of water and cook at the highest power 5 min. You can also wrap the corn with a paper towel, then immerse in water. Put the flasks in a wet towel in the microwave and cook for about 5 minutes. Mexican BBQ Corn recipe To prepare a Mexican BBQ recipe, you’ll need: - 4 corn cobs - 50 g melted butter, - sea salt, - black pepper, - sweet smoked pepper, - 80 g Pecorino Romano cheese. Place the flasks in a large saucepan or large pan and cover with water. Salt and bring to a boil. Simmer for about 15 minutes until the corn is tender. Then strain in a colander and let it dry. Spread butter on the cob, sprinkle with salt and pepper. Then place them on the grill or griddle pan. Turn until slightly browning. In the meantime, spread butter on the separate plates with the addition of paprika and grated cheese. First coat the corn cobs in butter and then in pieces of cheese.

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https://www.whitneyforgov.org/how-long-to-boil-corn/

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One of three currently known lavishly illustrated scrolls produced by Moshe ben Avraham Pescarolo. The opening sheet of the scroll is trimmed into a conical shape on which the inscription in Hebrew is inscribed (see ID 2739). The rectangular text panels are surrounded by a variety of decorative motifs. The upper margin of each membrane is filled with figurative scenes in rectangular frames depicting the narrative of the Book of Esther supplemented with midrashic tales. They are captioned in Hebrew with short quotations from the Book of Esther or clear references to this text. The scenes are separated by stylized herms, resembling male or female half-figures, each resting on a pedestal of inverted volutes. The lower margin - which is narrower than the upper one - is decorated with panels containing foliate scrolls - some with animals, hybrids, birds, butterflies, fruit, and floral motifs. The text panels are separated by a repeating floral motif: an upright floral branch in a vase. All details are framed in variegated panels. The scroll is mounted on a wooden handle. The scroll is composed of 6 sheets, 29 text columns of inconsistent text space (98-117) x (70-80) mm, with 15 lines in most columns. it is written in light brown ink on the flesh side, in square Italo-Sefardic script. Membranes in the scroll are stitched together. It was ruled with a stylus, with 2 vertical lines and 15 horizontal lines. Additional ruling for the frames was done in by plummet and ink. Pricking is not discernible. The colophon is written on the bottom of column 29 within a blue panel: "מעשה ידי צעיר זעיר משה בכמה"ר(בן כבוד מורנו הרב רבי)אברהם פשקרול זלהה ש’ע’ז’ פה קרית פירארה" "Made by the young Moses son of our honored teacher Rabbi Abraham here in the city of Ferrara, 1616". The artist's family had immigrated from Germany to Italy one generation before Moshe ben Avraham, and some of its members were book printers. In scholarly literature, different spellings of the surname can be found; the most popular are Pescarol and Pescarolo. Other variants include: Pascarolo, Pascarol ("פַּשְׂקַרוֹל"), Piscarol, Pescarolo, Poscarel, Poscarela, Pescaroli, Pescaraolo. See M. Mortara, Indice alfabetico dei rabbini e scrittori Israeliti, Padova 1886, p. 49. This bibliography lists publications on all three currently known megillot Esther made by Moshe ben Avraham Pescarolo: Florence Mansano Soulam, בסוד מגילותיו של הסופר-המאייר משה בן אברהם פשקרול: ניתוח מגילות פשקרול בתוך הקונטקסט ההיסטורי של איטליה בראשית המאה השבע-עשרה [Unveiling the Secrets of the Scrolls of Moshe Pescarolo Scribe and Artist. An Analysis of Pescarolo’s Scrolls in the Historical Context of Italy in the Early 17th Century], doctoral dissertation: Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 2006. Mendel Metzger, The John Rylands Megillah and Some Other Illustrated Megilloth of the 15th to 17th Centuries, "Bulletin of the John Rylands Library" 1962 (45), 148–184, esp. 166–171. Dagmara Budzioch, The Decorated Esther Scrolls from the Museum of the Jewish Historical Institute in Warsaw and the Tradition of Megillot Esther Decoration in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries – An Outline [Polish: Dekorowane zwoje Estery z Żydowskiego Instytutu Historycznego w Warszawie na tle tradycji dekorowania megillot Ester w XVII i XVIII wieku. Zarys problematyki], Warsaw 2019, 1:89-92. Dagmara Budzioch, Midrashic Tales in Seventeenth and Eighteenth-century Illustrated Esther Scrolls, "Kwartalnik Historii Żydów” 2017, no 3 (263), 405–422, esp. 408, 410, 411, 414, 415. Dagmara Budzioch, Italian Origins of the Decorated Scrolls of Esther, "Kwartalnik Historii Żydów" 2016, no 1 (257), 35–49, esp.. 40–43. A Spectacular 400 Year-Old Scroll of Esther available on https://blog.nli.org.il/en/book-of-esther-ferrera/ (accessed on 16.10.2020).

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http://cja.huji.ac.il/?mode=set&id=66

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Aisha K. Finch, Rethinking Slave Rebellion in Cuba: La Escalera and the Insurgencies of 1841-1844. University of North Carolina Press, 2015. “Envisioning La Escalera–an underground rebel movement largely composed of Africans living on farms and plantations in rural western Cuba–in the larger context of the long emancipation struggle in Cuba, Aisha Finch demonstrates how organized slave resistance became critical to the unraveling not only of slavery but also of colonial systems of power during the nineteenth century.While the discovery of La Escalera unleashed a reign of terror by the Spanish colonial powers in which hundreds of enslaved people were tortured, tried, and executed, Finch revises historiographical conceptions of the movement as a fiction conveniently invented by the Spanish government in order to target anticolonial activities. Connecting the political agitation stirred up by free people of color in the urban centers to the slave rebellions that rocked the countryside, Finch shows how the rural plantation was connected to a much larger conspiratorial world outside the agrarian sector. While acknowledging the role of foreign abolitionists and white creoles in the broader history of emancipation, Finch teases apart the organization, leadership, and effectiveness of the black insurgents in midcentury dissident mobilizations that emerged across western Cuba, presenting compelling evidence that black women played a particularly critical role.”

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Bogliasco and Genoa A quiet town of 5,000 inhabitants, Bogliasco is situated just southeast of Genoa on the western coast of Italy, about 50 miles north of the world-renowned Cinque Terre. Bogliasco has most of the characteristics of a typical Mediterranean village of this region: a central piazza dominated by the church, a scenic walkway above the sea, pastel houses clinging to the inclines, a small port filled with fishing boats, and several rocky beach areas. The history of Bogliasco can be traced back to the Roman Empire: a medieval bridge constructed on Roman ruins still spans a rivulet that feeds into the port. Once a village inhabited primarily by fishermen, sailors, and sea captains, Bogliasco frequently allied itself with the Republic of Genoa, but always remained independent of it. The capital of the Liguria region with the largest port in Italy, Genoa has a history that dates back 26 centuries. Along with the Etruscans, the pre-Roman settlements of the “Genuates” are the oldest in Italy. However, the greatest era of the city, often nicknamed “La Superba”, began in the year 1000 AD, when it became one of the most powerful and dominant maritime republics of the Mediterranean, with settlements as far away as the Black Sea. Genoa’s most famous son, Christopher Columbus, was one of many local Genoese seafarers who set off for new horizons, refining innovative new systems of navigation, cartography, trade and exchange. Today, Genoa remains a prominent Mediterranean city with important cultural resources: the University of Genoa and its libraries, several museums, palaces and theaters and the Carlo Felice Opera House. The largest in Europe, Genoa’s historic center is characterized by its maze of narrow streets and a remarkable layering of architectural styles, with medieval foundations surrounded by glorious Renaissance facades and eclectic modern detailing. Genoa’s maritime history prevails in the waterfront area, where the largest aquarium in Europe looks out over Renzo Piano’s redesigned old port and a constant stream of commercial tankers and ferries. On a hillside overlooking the city extends the 19th century monumental cemetery of Staglieno, one of the largest and most extraordinary in Europe. In 2004, Genoa was the “European Capital of Culture,” and in 2006 it was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site. In spite of its many points of interest and scenic landscape, the region around Genoa and Bogliasco has never been a major stopping point on the conventional tourist circuit. Nevertheless, the stunning beauty of the olive-treed hills looking out over the aptly named “Golfo Paradiso” has stirred many a culturally significant visitor. In 1905-1906, the Russian composer Alexander Skryabin lived in Bogliasco, completing a large part of one of his major works, Le poeme de l’extase. Nietzsche wrote part of his masterpiece “So spoke Zarathustra” while contemplating the ineffable beauty of Mount Portofino and residing in Rapallo, a town that later lured Ezra Pound. That same promontory of Portofino, which frames the magnificent view from the Bogliasco Foundation grounds, continues to inspire artists and scholars every day, as they develop the significant works of the future.

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Innate behaviors, such as kinesis, taxis, and migration, are instinctual responses to external stimuli. - Distinguish between kinesis, taxis, and migration in response to stimuli - Innate behaviors are instinctual, relying on responses to stimuli. - Kinesis is the undirected movement in response to a stimulus, which can include orthokinesis (related to speed) or klinokinesis (related to turning). - Taxis is the directed movement towards or away from a stimulus, which can be in response to light (phototaxis), chemical signals ( chemotaxis ), or gravity (geotaxis). - Migration is an innate behavior characterized as the long-range seasonal movement of animals; it is an evolved, adapted response to variation in resource availability. - Migration is a variable innate behavior as some migrating species always migrate (obligate migration) while in other animals, only a portion of the population migrates (incomplete migration). - orthokinesis: the speed of movement of the individual is dependent upon the intensity of the stimulus - taxis: the movement of an organism in response to a stimulus; similar to kinesis, but more direct - kinesis: the undirected movement of an organism in response to an external stimulus Innate behaviors: movement and migration Innate or instinctual behaviors rely on response to stimuli. The simplest example of this is a reflex action: an involuntary and rapid response to stimulus. To test the “knee-jerk” reflex, a doctor taps the patellar tendon below the kneecap with a rubber hammer. The stimulation of the nerves there leads to the reflex of extending the leg at the knee. This is similar to the reaction of someone who touches a hot stove and instinctually pulls his or her hand away. Even humans, with our great capacity to learn, still exhibit a variety of innate behaviors. Kinesis and taxis Another activity or movement of innate behavior is kinesis: undirected movement in response to a stimulus. Orthokinesis is the increased or decreased speed of movement of an organism in response to a stimulus. Woodlice, for example, increase their speed of movement when exposed to high or low temperatures. This movement, although random, increases the probability that the insect spends less time in the unfavorable environment. Another example is klinokinesis, an increase in turning behaviors. It is exhibited by bacteria such as E. coli which, in association with orthokinesis, helps the organisms randomly find a more hospitable environment. A similar, but more-directed version of kinesis is taxis: the directed movement towards or away from a stimulus. This movement can be in response to light (phototaxis), chemical signals (chemotaxis), or gravity (geotaxis). It can be directed toward (positive) or away (negative) from the source of the stimulus. An example of a positive chemotaxis is exhibited by the unicellular protozoan Tetrahymena thermophila. This organism swims using its cilia, at times moving in a straight line and at other times making turns. The attracting chemotactic agent alters the frequency of turning as the organism moves directly toward the source, following the increasing concentration gradient. Migration as innate behavior Migration is the long-range seasonal movement of animals. An evolved, adapted response to variation in resource availability, it is a common phenomenon found in all major groups of animals. Birds fly south for the winter to get to warmer climates with sufficient food, while salmon migrate to their spawning grounds. The popular 2005 documentary March of the Penguins followed the 62-mile migration of emperor penguins through Antarctica to bring food back to their breeding site and to their young. Wildebeests migrate over 1800 miles each year in search of new grasslands. Although migration is thought of as an innate behavior, only some migrating species always migrate (obligate migration). Animals that exhibit facultative migration can choose to migrate or not. Additionally, in some animals, only a portion of the population migrates, whereas the rest does not migrate (incomplete migration). For example, owls that live in the tundra may migrate in years when their food source, small rodents, is relatively scarce, but not migrate during the years when rodents are plentiful.

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How did Tinker Bell get her name? In J. M. Barrie’s original version of the play “Peter Pan,”the little sprite’s name was Tippytoe, and she had speaking lines. But over time, Barrie decided that the fairy’s expressions would be best voiced by musical chimes. During the early 1900s, vagabonds known as tinkers traveled from town to town, performing jack-of-all-trade repair services. Their arrival was hailed by the jingling of bells fashioned from tin that they mounted on their wagons. One of these “tinker bells” was used to give Peter’s fairy friend her voice in the original stage production, and the name stuck. Now, more than a hundred years later, it is difficult to believe that this popular pixie began as a circle of lamplight, reflected in a mirror controlled by a stage hand behind the curtains. She is now the center of a major Disney franchise, she flies through the skies in Orlando and Anaheim introducing the nightly fireworks displays, and she opens every Walt Disney Pictures film with a sprinkling of pixie dust. Tinker Bell: An Evolution is a full biography of the fiery little fairy. Designed in collaboration with the Animation Research library, it contains artwork that has never been seen before. The book is heavily illustrated, highly detailed, and will make the perfect gift for every grown-up who believes in fairies.

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A vacuum breaker is an attachment commonly placed on a bibcock valve or toilet or urinal flush valve, that prevents water from being siphoned backward into the public drinking water system. This prevents contamination should the public drinking water system's pressure drop. A vacuum breaker typically contains a plastic disc that is pressed forward by water supply pressure, and covers small vent holes. Should the supply pressure drop, the disc springs back opening the vent holes (which let in outside air), and preventing backflow of water. A more complex valve that accomplishes much the same purpose is the backflow preventer. Vacuum relief valves are sometimes known as vacuum breakers.

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Growth Trends for Related Jobs Cold rolling steel is a method that is used to provide a dense, dimensionally precise piece of steel. The most commonly used grade of stainless steel is 304. All stainless steels are a specific alloy mix. Cold Rolled Steel Cold rolled steel, also called CRS, is a process used to finish steel. Hot rolled steel is steel that is still warm enough to be malleable and run through pressure rollers. After cleaning, when the steel has cooled and is no longer elastic, the steel is then put through power rollers and cold rolled. This produces a product that has a fine, smooth finish. 304 Stainless Steel The most commonly used grade of stainless steel is 304. Another name for 304 is 18/8 because it is 18 percent chromium and 8 percent nickel. These additions make it resistant to corrosion. CRS vs. 304 Stainless Steel The difference between CRS and 304 stainless steel is that CRS is a process and 304 is an alloy. Steel, hot or cold rolled, will rust and corrode. It is used in applications where that is not a consideration. Stainless steel is an alloy with chromium and nickel that prevents rust and corrosion. It is used where rust and corrosion will be a problem. It is possible to buy 304 cold rolled stainless steel. Now living in Arizona, Les Moore has written reports of motorcycle races for "Cycle News" and "Midwest Motorcycling" since 1969. He has provided technical and procedural data for the Intra and Internet. Moore received a Certificate of Drafting from San Jose Community College in 1982.

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It goes without saying that driving a car is a big responsibility. As a driver, your actions behind the wheel play a big role in the safety and wellbeing of yourself as well as others – your passengers, other drivers and even pedestrians. If you drive while distracted, you are putting everyone in danger. Unfortunately, distracted driving is becoming somewhat of an epidemic, not only in Minnesota but also across the country. The Minnesota Department of Public Safety’s Office of Traffic Safety defines distracted or inattentive driving as a driver engaging “in any activity that might distract them from the primary task of driving – and increase their risk of crashing.” Each year in Minnesota, distracted driving is a factor in one in four crashes, resulting in over 70 deaths and more than 350 serious injuries. That’s too many. Drivers face many unnecessary distractions when behind the wheel. Some of the most common distractions are also some of the easier distractions to control. They include: Remember, driving while distracted not only puts your life in danger. It also puts the lives of your passengers, other drivers and even pedestrians in danger. Whatever distraction is tempting you to take your attention off of the road can wait. The alternative is not worth it. My clients are important to me, and I am passionate about helping to keep them – and our roads – safe. If you have any questions about distracted driving or would like more information, please feel free to reach out. I am here to help. And, here are a couple of videos that drive home the importance of driving without distractions.

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Everyone has a job to go to, no matter how young or old. Babies have a lot to learn in their early years. School children hopefully learn something new every day and then do work to demonstrate mastery. In high school, students take classes to prepare for college or career. Some might not consider this learning work, but it is. If you are writing a book for young people, you need to take into account that a portion of their day must be spent encountering new things, being exposed to lessons not yet learned. Beginning with the teen years, many students have after-school jobs. They might work in an office, sell jewelry at a boutique or do basic maintenance on cars. How do they like their jobs? Do they yearn for something more, and if they do, what is it? Do they wear a uniform at their job? Is it mustard-yellow or sky blue? Does it fit snuggly or bag around the waist? In college, many students work for professors. They run workshops, correct papers, help prepare students for tests. Some work in the bookstore while others in the cafeteria. Some are lucky enough to not have to work, but join fraternities and sororities that take up much of their time. When you write about college students, their jobs affect how they look at life, what they are able to do during their free time, and who their friends are. Most adults work. Yes, there are the disabled and homeless who are unable to find jobs that they can successfully master. There are the emotionally damaged and those with physical challenges who cannot work, but their jobs are healing, getting stronger, overcoming fear and loss. Even into retirement, adults keep busy. They go to the gym, join organizations and attend meetings, volunteer at schools, teach classes part-time and attend workshops. They work for the Census when the time arises and staff polling places during elections. They help at their church or with scouts or around the house, making improvements and keeping up with yardwork. Your task is to create a scene in which your character has a job to do. It might not be the job of her dreams, but it is a job. Write about her feelings as she prepares to go to work. Tell what she sees, hears, smells as she brushes her teeth, combs her hair, drinks her coffee. Describe her commute. Is the train crowded and stuffy? Does she get stuck in traffic that creeps along? What does she do while commuting? Catch up on email? Listen to an audiobook? Read? Talk to a friend? Once at work, what does he do? Imagine walking in his shoes and doing what he does. Is there any point during the day when he has to complete a task that he hates? What is it? Why does he hate it? How does she feel when her work is complete and she gets to go home? Is she exhausted? Relieved? Still thinking about unfinished tasks? Walk us through the day, from beginning to end. Have fun with this one.

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News & Policies History & Tours | Kids | Your Government | Appointments | Jobs | Contact | Graphic version |Printer-Friendly Version Email this page to a friend| For Immediate Release Office of Laura Bush March 5, 2002 Backgrounder: White House Conference on Preparing Tomorrow's Teachers As part of her Ready to Read, Ready to Learn initiative, Laura Bush is hosting the White House Conference on Preparing Tomorrow's Teachers on Tuesday, March 5, 2002. Just as children need to be ready to learn to read when they enter school, teachers need to be ready to teach when they enter the classroom. The Conference brings together university and business leaders, teacher education advocates, teachers' union representatives, public policy organizations, and foundations from across the country, and it will help develop solutions for enhancing teacher training. The goal of this Conference is to ensure that our nation's children can count on having teachers who not only bring love, compassion, and dedication to their profession, but also possess: The Conference focuses on two major areas of teacher instruction: preparation at the nation's colleges of education for teacher candidates and professional development for those teachers who have already answered the call to teach. It also highlights research regarding teacher preparation and student achievement. Presentations will showcase innovative and successful teacher training and recruitment programs that help bring the best and the brightest to our nation's classrooms, especially to those in our underserved neighborhoods. Research shows that children learn and achieve at much higher levels when their teachers know the subject content thoroughly and know how to teach it effectively. Good teachers monitor the progress of their students and adjust instruction for students who are falling behind. With this in mind, Laura Bush and the Bush Administration are committed to encouraging schools of education, school districts and other learning institutions to significantly strengthen their teacher training programs. # # # Printer-Friendly Version Email this page to a friend Laura Bush's Biography | Speeches | Speeches by Date | Speeches by Topic | Education Initiative Ready to Read, Ready to Learn | Summary | Initiative Overview (pdf) | Early Childhood | Teachers | Recommended Reading | Photos | Photo Index | Life at the White House | Behind the Scenes | Recipes | History | East Wing History | Past First Ladies

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This mural is on the West side of the Mid-America Merchandising building at 3rd and Wyandotte (early home of the Miller-Cooper Ink Co.), a little off the beaten path in the River Market district in KCMO. The mural was commissioned in 2000 and painted by Alisha Gambino, Joe Faus and Jesus Ortiz… the same artists who painted the Lewis and Clark mural at 5th and Wyandotte! The mural depicts a river scene at the Town of Kansas which was incorporated in 1850. The state of Missouri then incorporated the area as the City of Kansas in 1853 and renamed it Kansas City in 1889. This scene also shows the Steamboat Arabia, which sunk in the Missouri River in 1856, and was uncovered in 1988. The artifacts are housed in the Arabia Steamboat Museum in the River Market district of KCMO. Here is a link to a Google Tour of this mural with “Points of Interest” that link to more information about the art, architecture and history of the surrounding area. Click on the photo to take the tour… or just click the link below!

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If every era poses its dilemmas, then our current decade will surely be defined by questions over the challenges and opportunities of a surge in migration. The issues in addressing migration safely, humanely, and for the benefit of communities of origin and destination are varied and complex, and today’s public policy practices and tools are not adequate. Increasingly, it is clear, we need not only new solutions but also new, more agile, methods for arriving at solutions. Data are central to meeting these challenges and to enabling public policy innovation in a variety of ways. Yet, for all of data’s potential to address public challenges, the truth remains that most data generated today are in fact collected by the private sector. These data contains tremendous possible insights and avenues for innovation in how we solve public problems. But because of access restrictions, privacy concerns and often limited data science capacity, their vast potential often goes untapped. Data Collaboratives offer a way around this limitation. Data Collaboratives: A new form of Public-Private Partnership for a Data Age Data Collaboratives are an emerging form of partnership, typically between the private and public sectors, but often also involving civil society groups and the education sector. Now in use across various countries and sectors, from health to agriculture to economic development, they allow for the opening and sharing of information held in the private sector, in the process freeing data silos up to serve public ends. Although still fledgling, we have begun to see instances of Data Collaboratives implemented toward solving specific challenges within the broad and complex refugee and migrant space. As the examples we describe below suggest (which we examine in more detail Stanford Social Innovation Review), the use of such Collaboratives is geographically dispersed and diffuse; there is an urgent need to pull together a cohesive body of knowledge to more systematically analyze what works, and what doesn’t. This is something we have started to do at the GovLab. We have analyzed a wide variety of Data Collaborative efforts, across geographies and sectors, with a goal of understanding when and how they are most effective. The benefits of Data Collaboratives in the migration field As part of our research, we have identified four main value propositions for the use of Data Collaboratives in addressing different elements of the multi-faceted migration issue. These include: - Improved situational analysis. Understanding migrant and refugee flows is one of the key challenges confronting governments and the aid industry in their efforts to effectively manage migration, and alleviate the hardship of refugees and other migrants in vulnerable situations. We now know that various forms of information (including real-time satellite data and social media feeds) can play an important role in this regard. For example, DigitalGlobe, a satellite imagery company, has been working with UNHCR to provide data on Sudanese refugees. Likewise, the GovLab is working with UNICEF and the Harvard Humanitarian Initiative to leverage satellite data towards similar goals in Somalia. In both these cases, data are allowing stakeholders to better visualize, and thus respond more effectively, to migrant flows. - Better understanding of the migration drivers. What drives migrant and refugee flows? How and when do populations move across borders or within countries? Various forms of data, including social media data and search query data, can also help surface answers to these questions. For example, approaches such as the Data Challenge on Integration of Migrants in Cities, have been used in the EU to better understand migrant behavior in cities across eight countries. - Enhanced prediction and forecasting. The ability to predict migrant flows could allow for more systematized, effective and humane responses by nation states and aid groups. Various studies and real-world projects have shown that data can play a key role in this regard. For example, a June 2017 Pew Research Center study indicated that certain search terms (e.g., Arabic-language searches in Turkey that included the word “Greece”) could help forecast migrant flows into Europe. Various other studies, such as this report on human mobility on malaria-endemic countries have similarly mined census information and other government data to predict refugee and migrant flows. - More effective impact assessments. Impact assessment is an often under-appreciated part of any effort to address migrant flows. But understanding what works, and under what conditions, is critical to addressing large movements of migrants and refugees and better manage migration now and in the future. This is fundamentally an information challenge: gathering data on current or previous interventions and assessing their strengths and shortcomings. Such efforts are now underway in Europe (for example, as part of the SoBigData Exploratory migration studies project). The challenges and potential of Data Collaboratives in the migration field The use of Data Collaboratives (and, more generally, private data) in the migration space remains somewhat ad hoc and nascent. While the above four value propositions are beginning to be clear, we still need to do a lot of work to really understand the potential of data for addressing specific types of problems in the migration universe. It is also important to acknowledge some of the very real challenges. For example, the information basis is often poor – data may be limited or of poor quality, especially in settings characterized by conflict or humanitarian crisis. In addition, and as always with data-sharing initiatives, especially when vulnerable populations are represented in the data, there are very real privacy concerns to take into account. The need for data responsibility in the field is increasingly recognized and studied, as evidenced by the diversity of perspectives in our Selected Readings on Data Responsibility, Refugees, and Migration. Finally, establishing Data Collaboratives require significant and time-consuming efforts from both data holders on the supply side, and institutions that represent the demand. To find new ways to lower these high transaction costs and to amplify the positive impact of cross-sector data sharing for the public good, the GovLab is advancing the concept of Data Stewardship to promote responsible data leadership in more sustainable, systematic and responsible ways. These challenges are not grounds for ignoring the potential. Our research—and the above examples—clearly illustrate the possibilities and scope of using Data Collaboratives in the migration space. At the GovLab, we are in the process of continuously gathering related information, data and case studies to complement and enrich our existing research base. We would welcome your inputs to help build our body of knowledge. This could also contribute to the work of the Big Data for Migration Alliance (BD4M), soon to be launched by IOM’s Global Migration Data Analysis Centre (GMDAC) and the European Commission Knowledge Centre on Migration and Demography (KCMD). The authors would like to thank Michele Vespe and Marzia Rango for sharing their insight and review. Both were also the driving force behind a conference on Big Data and Alternative Data Sources on Migration that took place in November 2017, and was co-organized by the European Commission’s Knowledge Centre on Migration and Demography (KCMD) and the IOM's Global Migration Data Analysis Centre (GMDAC). Many of the insights and examples listed in our SSIR paper emerged during that conference.

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With the start of winter on the horizon, Alaska’s abundance of beautiful foliage is starting to go out of season. Let’s take a moment to honor and remember the most striking flowers and greenery Alaska has to offer before the snow begins to fall. Forget-Me-Nots are found in mountain meadows and best seen during midsummer. Brandeis.edu describes the plant as, “moderately tall, sprawling wildflower that measures approximately 15-60 cm. in height. The radially symmetrical flowers are powder-blue with bright yellow centers. They are arranged in rounded, divergent clusters along the length of the branch. The leaves are oblong, hairy, and often stalkless.” The Forget-Me-Not is an Alaskan favorite and is the state flower. It’s strikingly beautiful color makes it easy to notice out in the wild. The Western Columbine plant grows in moist areas in forests, woodlands, alpine, and subalpine meadows. Wildflower.org describes the plant as, “an open-branched, 2-3 ft. perennial with delicate, blue-green, lobed foliage and pendent, yellow and red, spurred flowers. Handsome red and yellow flowers hang at ends of branches above this bushy plant with several stems and many divided leaves.” It prefers moist locations such as stream banks and needs summer water. It prefers light shade especially in the afternoon. Bog Laurel grows mostly in peat bogs in Southeast Alaska. The U.S. Forest Service describes Bog Laurel as, “a low shrub mostly less than 8 inches tall with opposite leaves and deep pink flowers arranged in a small umbel at the tips of larger stems.” Bog Laurel belongs to the genus Kalmia. All of the Kalmia species are suspected of being poisonous to livestock and humans, though they are rarely ingested. Rubus spectabilis, also known as the salmonberry, is a species of brambles in the rose family, native to the west coast of North America. Wikipedia describes it as “a shrub growing to 1–4 m (40–160 inches or 1.3–13.3 feet) tall, with perennial, not biennial woody stems that are covered with fine prickles.” Salmonberries are described as sour with a light-floral, sweet finish. Salmonberries are thought to have medical properties utilized by native Alaskans. High Bush Cranberry High Bush Cranberry grows in woods and alpine areas up to 2500 feet. Alaska.org describes High Bush Cranberry as “an upright shrub up to 8′ with smooth branches. The toothed leaves are 3-lobed like a maple-leaf. The small, white, tubular, 5-petaled flowers grow in clusters along the stems at the leaf nodes.” The Cranberry is edible and best paired with a strong cheeses or used in jams. Okay, this one isn’t a flower, but you need to be on the lookout for it on your nature walks. The Sitka Spruce is a beautiful tree that can live over 700 years. The Sitka Spruce is native to Sitka and the largest spruce in the world. The tree can be 330 feet tall with a trunk diameter of 16 feet! Wikipedia describes the tree as “…the bark is thin and scaly… The shoots are very pale buff-brown, almost white, and glabrous (hairless), but with prominent pulvini. The leaves are stiff, sharp, and needle-like…” Nature-lovers would enjoy the hikes in Sitka. Now, you even have some things to keep an eye out for. After a long day of flower finding, stop by the Sitka Hotel and get a good night’s rest.

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Kanji: 語 go Language I know this one looks difficult, but learn it! You’ll see it a lot. JLPT N5: 30 / 100 | 14 Strokes Meaning: word; speech; language It may help to break this down. 言 to speak; 五 #5; and the bottom is ( 口 ) which means mouth. 日本語 ni hon go – Japanese 物語 mono gatari – a story, tale, legend 国語 koku go – national language (in Japan, Japanese) nihongo ga dekimasu. I can speak Japanese. [Note: the “dekimasu” merely shows abiilty, so this could mean “I can speak” or “I understand” or “I can read”…]

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Geography: United States About Girls Who Code Girls Who Code is an organization working to educate, inspire and equip 13- to 17-year-old girls with the skills and resources to pursue opportunities in technology and engineering. Together with leading educators, engineers, and entrepreneurs, Girls Who Code has developed a new model for computer science education, pairing intensive instruction in robotics, web design, and mobile development with high-touch mentorship led by the industry's top female developers and entrepreneurs. Why It Matters Today, just 3.6% of Fortune 500 companies are led by women, and less than 10% of venture capital-backed companies have female founders. Yet females use the internet 17% more than their male counterparts and represent the fastest growing demographic online and on mobile, creating more than two-thirds of content on social networking sites. Technology companies with more women on their management teams have a 34% higher return on investment, and companies with women on technical teams increases teams' problem-solving ability and creativity. The numbers speak for themselves. By 2018, there will be 1.4 million computer science-related job openings, yet U.S. universities are expected to produce enough computer science graduates to fill just 29% of these jobs. While 57% of bachelor's degrees are obtained by women, less than 14% of computer science degrees are awarded to women.

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Google Updates Explained Are you struggling with your Pandas, Penguins and Hummingbirds? We take a look at each of these Google algorithm updates and explain how each one will impact on your content strategy. What is an Algorithm? An algorithm is a set of calculations which allows information to be ranked or ordered. Search engines like Google, Bing and Yahoo rely on algorithms to manage vast amounts of information (data) and return the best results which match your query. Google updates its algorithms 500-600 times a year. They’re evolving even as you read this. The science behind Google started with groundbreaking research by co-founders Sergey Brin and Larry Page, then graduate students in the Computer Science Department at Stanford. Their initial findings were both simple and deceptively complex: - SEO was a dirty word; the state of early search was shady—engines were suspected of selling top spots to advertisers. - Rankings needed a clear, consistent “currency,” which Google discovered in links. If you struggle with your Pandas, Penguins and Hummingbirds, or even if you are just looking for an overview, read on! "The web gained 951 million users between 2000 and 2010" For a while, getting strong Google rankings was simple. The larger the number of sites linking to you, the better your rank would be for the specific link text they used. Then, things started to get complicated: The Web gained 951 million users worldwide between 2000 and 2010. Google’s ranking approach—called PageRank—made the process of scoring billions of websites orderly and consistent. However, it was still flawed as search engines and the human audience were not necessarily looking for the same results; it had to enhance its algorithms to make judgments about quality and user experience too. "White Hat SEO focuses on the human user whereas Black Hat SEO uses unethical tactics to trick search engines" That’s where modern day SEO practice comes in —white hat search engine optimization—is the iterative process which scores your expertise, vision, and knowledge against a remarkably complex, ever-adapting machine tended to by thousands of top engineers and computer scientists worldwide. The prize: Higher search rankings and greater visibility. The secret to success: A data-driven, scientific approach based on best practices. That starts with understanding where search has been and where it’s going soon. The Google Menagerie: How Machines Think About Quality and What it Means to You Most Google updates don’t impact every site on the Web, but their cumulative effect is dramatic: Businesses that don’t keep up will be left behind, even if they are the biggest brands on the block. At the same time, smaller firms committed to digital marketing can level the playing field. Three major algorithm updates have set the tone for what good SEO looks like today: Panda: The Quality Control The purpose of Panda was to refocus search results on sites with trustworthy, comprehensive, user-focused content. Sites featuring sparse or poorly-written content overall were banished to Google’s back pages. Write for users... not search engines Millions of sites all around the Web were impacted by Panda. In one study, just 7% of Panda-hit sites fully recovered their search rankings later. The lesson here was clear: Sites need to have helpful, informative, and trustworthy content to compete on Google. If you focus on creating quality, user focused content, the search engines will identify that using their increasingly intelligent algorithms. Penguin: The Key Link Penguin, in one form or another, has been around for years, but it made a real splash in May of 2013. Penguin was the first sign Google wanted to improve the quality of content shown to its users: It severely penalized sites that had lots of links from low-quality sites. One high quality backlink is infinitely more valuable than thousands of low quality links Since Penguin, it is no longer possible to raise a site’s search ranking with a large quantity of poor links. Instead, reputable brands should seek authoritative sites within their own niche, focusing on a smaller quantity of links from thought leaders. Hummingbird: The Conversationalist Unlike Panda and Penguin, Hummingbird isn’t an innovation focused on specific search marketing practices. Instead, it’s an early iteration of Google’s work with latent semantic indexing (a form of natural language analysis) which interprets context to discover thematic relationships between sites. Hummingbird helps deliver “conversational” results that aren’t limited to the word choices selected by the search user. Latent Semantic Indexing is like a live keyword thesaurus In addition to conversational context and LSI, the Mobile user experience is also a driver behind the Hummingbird update when mobile compatibility became a key ranking factor in 2015. Nowadays, Google, SEO and Content Creation go hand in hand. We can advise you on the best ways to create well-optimized content written for a specific end-user and stay on the right side of the furry animals - contact us for your free SEO review. Schedule your SEO Review Organic traffic has increased 46.34% since working with the SEO team, but most importantly, both the quality and the quantity has improved considerably, resulting not only in more sales, but bigger sales too! We have seen an increase in both web generated enquiries and telephone traffic on products that are targeted. Lead/Enquiry generation is now starting to overtake us, which is a great problem to have! Over the past 6 months our organic traffic has increased 17.51% compared to the same period last year and the number of contact form submissions we’ve seen has risen from 0 in that period to 23

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Exploring energy and storage technologies is a 2-3 week lesson based on the teachers experience with the Teacher Researcher in Partnership Program. Here they were placed with a Manufacturing researcher where they investigated alternative storage technologies/devices. Sandra Woodward, Wenona School, New South Wales |Nature of the inquiry problem|| Students will be undertaking a series of experiments to test how quickly a battery discharges and then comparing the properties of capacitors. |Suitable year levels and subject areas|| Year 7-8 Australian Curriculum Some of Earth's resources are renewable, including water that cycles through the environment, but others are non-renewable (ACSSU116) Energy appears in different forms, including movement (kinetic energy), heat and potential energy, and energy transformations and transfers cause change within systems ACSSU155) Scientific knowledge has changed people's understanding of the world and is refined as new evidence becomes available (ACSHE119 (ACSHE134) Measure and control variables, select equipment appropriate to the task and collect data with accuracy (ACSIS126) (ACSIS141) |Student Learning Outcomes*|| At the end of the lesson sequence students will have an appreciation of: Work booklet, research (collaborative and individual tasks) Informal, formative assessment is built into the lessons. |Information and communications technology (ICT)|| Embedded videos and web links © Energy (created by Sandra Woodward) (2018) Copyright owned by Wenona School, New South Wales. Except as otherwise noted, this work is licenced under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Licence. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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Humans have grown the aloe plant for thousands of years for decoration and medicinal purposes. Aloe, which is also called the Wonder Plant, has therapeutic benefits and the gel of some varieties can either be applied directly to the skin or used in the form of pills to promote health and well-being. Different Types of Aloe Aloe grows best in full sun and partial shade. It thrives in zones 8 through 11, although it’s best kept indoors in zones 8 and 9. According to the World Checklist of Selected Plant Families, there are currently about 580 species of Aloe. In this article, we discuss 20 of the most popular ones. 1. Aloe Barbadensis Miller This is one of the most common types and is very popular due to its healing properties. The gel produced when you cut the leaves help burns heal fast and resolve lots of skin and hair issues. This plant grows yellow flowers and has white spots that appear on the leaves but tend to disappear as the plant grows older. 2. Aloe Crosby’s Prolific This miniature or dwarf aloe has long leaves with translucent teeth. The plant grows orange-red flowers and the leaves turn red in the sun, contributing to the beauty of your landscape design. It’s suitable for containers and beds. 3. Aloe Rubroviolacea Arabian Aloe is tolerant of drought. It grows beautifully in beds, borders, containers, patios, and gardens. The plant looks outstanding with its blue-green leaves and the reddish teeth that surround them. The leaves turn purple in full sun. It grows dense spires of red flowers in winter and is virtually disease-free. 4. Aloe Ferox Aloe Ferox is also known as Cape Aloe. Each leaf has brown teeth and spines, especially in the lower part. The plant produces large bright orange flowers. The transparent gel of the Cape Aloe is used in burn ointments and other skincare products, in addition to food supplements. 5. Aloe Microstigma The small clumps of this evergreen plant change to purple or red when it suffers from stress. The leaves have white spots and red teeth along the edges. You can water it once a week in summer and not at all in winter so it’s quite easy to maintain. The plant blooms in winter and grows reddish-orange flowers that reach a height of 3 feet. 6. Aloe Broomii Snake Aloe is one of the most famous ornamental aloe plants thanks to the light green leaves. The candle-like lemon flowers attract birds. The plant grows beautifully in gravel and rock gardens. 7. Aloe Aculeata This one is known as Red Hot Poker Aloe and is native to South Africa. The word Aculeata means prickly and refers to the spines and teeth on the plant. It has orange-yellow flowers that bloom between August and October. It can grow in beds and containers as long as it’s protected from the winter rain. 8. Aloe Marlothii The fleshy leaves of this aloe can reach a height of 5 feet and have a broad base tapering to a sharp point. These leaves have reddish-brown spines along the edges and sometimes on the lower and upper surface of the leaves. The plant grows flowers that are red, orange or yellow and attract nectar-feeding birds. It grows beautifully in rock gardens. 9. Aloe Cameronii The rich red copper leaves are the main reason why the Red Aloe is so popular. The color of the leaves depends on the exposure to sun and water. In late fall, it starts to grow red-orange flowers. 10. Aloe Maculata Soap Aloe is also known as Aloe Saponaria and has spotted leaves that can be green or red. The plant gets its name from soap because it makes a soapy lather in water, which is usually used by the locals. It grows bright reddish-orange flowers but the seeds are poisonous. This plant is salt tolerant but gets really damaged if the temperature drops below 32 °F. 11. Aloe Arborescens Gardening enthusiasts value the Aloe Arborescens because of its evergreen leaves and bright reddish flowers. The name means “tree-like” because it can reach the size of a tree. Some modern studies suggest that this plant can help with cells proliferation, which typically increases when there are tumors in the body. However, you should consult your doctor about the best way to incorporate this plant into your therapy plan. 12. Aloe Petricola This is widely known as Stone Aloe. It’s very popular among gardening enthusiasts thanks to the bright colors of its inflorescences and blue-green leaves. Stone Aloe grows from early to mid-winter but the flowers bloom in July. It’s a low maintenance succulent plant that can grow in the stony ground with only some soil covering its roots. 13. Aloe Ciliaris This type of aloe has fine white hairs that grow on the margins of the curved leaves. Its name means climbing aloe because it grows very quickly, producing bright orange flowers that bloom between November and April. Aloe Ciliaris is a good houseplant and attracts bees and butterflies when kept outside. It’s one of the easiest plants to grow from cuttings. 14. Aloe Striata Coral Aloe has toothless flat broad leaves that are rather pale green but turn pink in the sun. The tubular clusters of coral-orange flowers grow from late spring until early winter. 15. Aloe Hereroensis Sand Aloe has pale blue-green leaves that turn rose-colored in the sun. The leaves are lined with red-brown spines and grow eye-catching scarlet red flowers. It’s a good choice for borders and beds. 16. Aloe Polyphylla This aloe has distinctively-arranged foliage in a spiral pattern. A single plant can have up to 150 leaves arranged in 5 ranks. It rarely blooms but when it does, it grows salmon-pink flowers that attract bees. 17. Aloe Brevifolia Short-Leaf Aloe forms a carpet of colorful rosettes. The plant tolerates partial shade and grows pale green leaves that turn golden yellow and rosy-pink in full sun. It’s an excellent choice for containers and groundcovers and grows tubular orange flowers in late spring. 18. Aloe Aristata The leaves of the Torch Plant or Lace Aloe are pale green in the shade but become dark green in full sun. The incurved leaves have tufted tips and are lined with white teeth along the edges. It forms clumps and grows red-orange flowers in winter. This plant prefers partial shade, especially in the strong afternoon sun. 19. Aloe Plicatilis The Fan Aloe has a unique fan-like leaf arrangement. The light blue-green leaves usually have orange edges. This shrub-like arrangement grows bright pink flowers out of every leaf cluster. They’re full of nectar and attract birds. 20. Aloe Capitata Var. Quartziticola This aloe has milky-blue leaves when grown in partial shade but they become purple-tinged when exposed to the sun. This plant produces a branched flower stalk with a round flower head. Each bell-shaped flower is glossy orange and opens to reveal a golden-yellow interior. Unlike other types of aloe, this one can tolerate a little freeze. Aloes are typically easy to grow and maintain. Nevertheless, understanding the differences between types will help you decide on the right one to add to your garden.

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The literature review, published in the journal Functional Foods in Health and Disease, sought to assess head-to-head studies comparing astaxanthin from three different sources in animals and in-vitro. - Natural astaxanthin (NAT-AX) that is found in Haematococcus pluvialis, a ubiquitous uni-cellular microalgae, which grows in fresh water throughout the world. When these algae undergo environmental stress, they hyperaccumulate NAT-AX as a survival mechanism. - Synthetic astaxanthin (SYN-AX), which is synthesized from petrochemicals in a highly involved, multi-step process. - Phaffia’ astaxanthin (PH-AX), which is produced from a species of genetically manipulated yeast. The researchers were restricted to animal and in-vitro studies, because “there is a complete dearth of research in humans for SYN-AX and PH-AX demonstrating efficacy or even safety,” they noted. According to the review, in head-to-head antioxidant experiments, NAT-AX demonstrated 14 to 90-times greater antioxidant activity than SYN-AX. It details a 2013 study which featured antioxidant testing at Creighton University as well as independent laboratory analyses at Brunswick Laboratories. In these tests, NAT-AX was found to be a minimum of 14X stronger in antioxidant activity than SYN-AX. In addition, a recent study published by French academics and sponsored by the French National Institute of Health and Medical Research stated that because the intracellular antioxidant activity of NAT-AX was approximately 90X stronger than SYN-AX, NAT-AX may have potential therapeutic or preventive properties for cardiovascular diseases. Alongside the antioxidant studies, the review argues that six pre-clinical studies directly comparing the three sources of astaxanthin has “clearly established the functional superiority of NAT-AX”, for increasing lifespan; treating skin cancer; preventing the formation of gastric ulcers; improving resistance to stress; improving exercise endurance; decreasing reactive oxygen species (ROS); and augmenting enzyme levels. “In addition to these eight studies demonstrating superior efficacy and activity for algal astaxanthin, it’s important to understand that there are absolutely no human clinical trials we found demonstrating any health benefit or even safety for the alternative Astaxanthin forms,” said Shawn Talbott, PhD, President of EQQIL (a clinical research organisation) who was an author of the review paper. “Until clinical trials are published on synthetic astaxanthin and astaxanthin from Phaffia yeast showing efficacy and long-term human safety studies are conducted, our conclusion is that consumers should ensure that they’re supplementing with algal-based astaxanthin. Algal astaxanthin has over 100 clinical trials showing efficacy, numerous human safety studies, and twenty years of consumer use in the market.” Bob Capelli, lead author of the review paper. said the differences in results between the three forms were quite striking. “The consistency of the results of these eight different studies is noteworthy in that the algal form of Astaxanthin always came out on top,” he added. The paper also notes the majority of the comparative studies cited above were sponsored by and/or conducted by governmental agencies and universities and “as such, they are likely to be more impartial than studies sponsored by AX suppliers and free of conflicts of interest.” While two of the authors of the review, Bob Capelli and Lixin Ding, work for companies involved in the production of astaxanthin from microalgae (Algae Health Sciences / BGG), they stated in the paper that the manuscript was written independently of their responsibilities at those companies and that no funding for this review was given by any company or other entity. Source: Functional Foods in Health and Disease “Astaxanthin Sources: Suitability for Human Health and Nutrition” Authors: Capelli B., Talbott S., Ding L.

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Before there were T shirts to convey our thoughts and identities, there were kangas. Kangas are the everyday cloth worn and used by women in many East African countries, unique for their colorful patterns and also their printed text. The messages, slogans and sayings printed on these cloths are used by women to trade barbed insults, give each other compliments, commemorate events, or to express hope, sorrow, and pride. The kangas in this exhibit are from the collections of two local women who have lived and worked in Kenya and Tanzania. February 9, 11am-1pm: Talk: An encore presentation in the Great Hall features a talk about the history and cultural context of kangas. IMAGE LEFT: “They both love each other God blesses”

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The Royal Wedding in 1929 Then Crown Prince Olav and Princess Märtha of Sweden were wed in Vor Frelsers church (now Oslo Cathedral) on 21 March 1929. Upon her marriage, Princess Märtha became the Crown Princess of Norway. Crown Prince Olav and Princess Märtha were cousins and had known each other since childhood. They became secretly engaged during the 1928 Summer Olympic Games in Amsterdam whe re the Crown Prince was competing for a medal in sailing. The Crown Prince travelled incognito to Stockholm on 13 January 1929, and the engagement was officially announced on 14 January. News of the engagement was very well received, not only because it was clearly a match based on love, but also because it was seen as helping to ease any residual tension following the dissolution of the union between Norway and Sweden 24 years earlier. The Princess arrives in Oslo Princess Märtha arrived in Oslo by train several days before the wedding. During the last part of the journey, the princess rode in her own special train decorated with flags and the couples initials. She was met at Oslo Eastern Railway Station by Crown Prince Olav. The bride-and-groom-to-be rode in a landau drawn by four horses up Karl Johans gate to the Royal Palace, where they greeted their many well-wishers from the Palace balcony. Oslo had been decorated for the wedding, and many buildings and streets were arrayed with flags and banners. The couple toured the city for three hours, greeting people in the streets. That evening a ball was held at the Palace, and the next evening there was a gala performance at the National Theatre. The church was adorned in flowers of different shades of white – azaleas, lilacs, tulips, hydrangeas and white lilies – against a backdrop of palms. Several hundred singers from three separate choirs flanked the pipe organ, while 50 military officers stood in salute along the centre aisle. There were 1 600 invited guests, including numerous relatives and friends on both sides, as well as government officials, foreign diplomats and many prominent citizens. The bridal gown Princess Märtha wore a gown of white silver lamé with a four-metre long train, embroidered with lilies and decorated with pearls and sequins. Her veil – which was nearly as long as the train of her dress – was of old Brussels lace, and was held in place with a tiara of orange blossoms topped with a tiny wreath of myrtle. The bouquet was made up of white lilies, later to become known as Märtha lilies. The wedding ceremony The ceremony began at 12:00 pm. Crown Prince Olav entered the cathedral accompanied by his best man, the Duke of York, to the tones of Rikard Nordraaks Purpose, played by the cathedral organist, Eyvind Alnæs. The Crown Prince was followed by the closest members of the Royal families, while the Norwegian Student Choral Society sang Wilhelm Stenhammars Sverige (Sweden). The bride entered the cathedral on the arm of her father. Four pairs of bridesmaids – each comprised of a Norwegian and a Swedish representative – walked behind her hand-in-hand, with Princess Ingrid of Sweden and the Norwegian explorer and humanitarian Mr Fridtjof Nansens daughter Irmelin at the head. The ceremony was conducted by Bishop Johan Lunde. The congregation sang the hymns Kjærlighet fra Gud (Love from God) and Gud som ljos og gleda sender (God Who Sends Light and Happiness). The ceremony was concluded with the Hallelujah Chorus by Händel. Two 21-gun salutes were fired from Akershus Fortress. A wedding lunch for 200 guests was held at the Palace after the ceremony.

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In this week’s blog, we discuss in detail, most-nature-friendly way of utilizing dry leaves. It is the easiest and yet much ignored way. If you have garden, large trees, then mulching means almost doing nothing. It is the dream, isn’t it? Wish to manage dry leaves with mulching? simply do nothing. Yes, enough with the suspense 😊, let’s dive right into the topic. What is mulching? Mulching is the process by which we mimic what happens in the natural landscape. What happens in the natural landscape? Let’s see.. Have you been to any forest area? Wooded area with no or minimal human interference? How does this forest floor look? If we do not sweep and collects leaves shed by the tree in the backyard? Yes, that is how the natural forest floor looks like. Whatever falls on the ground remains there.. Shed leaves form a carpet, a layer over the soil. This layer remains there throughout the summer. When rains arrive, leaves decompose. Some proportion of nutrients that the tree absorbs from the soil are present in these leaves. These nutrients, when leaves decompose, are returned to the soil. Soil keeps receiving organic matter and retains its productivity. This is nature’s way of recycling nutrients. Output of one element serves as input to some other element in the system. It is cyclic process. There is no end to it and hence there is no concept of WASTE. Layer of leaves protects soil from scorching summer heat. Since sun-rays do not reach the soil directly, soil retains moisture. Various insects in the soil find shelter under these leaves. Eggs laid by an insect on a pod, in the layer of dry leaves Who can do mulching? You can practice mulching in garden, plant beds, pots, everywhere. How do we do it for the garden? Don’t sweep away all the leaves from your garden. Leaves that have fallen in the plant-beds, under large tree, let them be there. (as far as possible). If you have a patch in your society, which people do not frequent. Then, let the leave fall there and remain there. For the rest of the garden, take leaves, and place them in plant beds. Crush the leaves and make a cover by placing them on the soil around the plant Sujata Naphade’s garden, a spectacular example of what we can achieve with mulching Mulching in pot/ planter Take dry leaves. Crush a bit with your hands and place them in pots/ planter Place those leaves in the plant bed/ pot, covering the soil completely. That’s it, done!! What do we achieve by mulching? - Roots need moisture. With mulching, leaves forming a protective layer over the soil, soil can retain moisture, which is beneficial for plant roots. - Because soil retains moisture, we need to water less, and less frequently, there by saving water. - Many insects that are helpful for soil health, find shelter under these leaves, during scorching summer heat. - When we water, soil and many nutrients are carried away from the pot, with it. With mulching, the layer of leaves breaks speed of water. Water gradually percolates into the pot, providing moisture for a longer time, preserving nutrients. - Many citizen groups, like Vasundhara Abhiyaan and Vasundhara Swachhta Abhiyaan in Pune work for greening the hills. There, especially mulching is very useful. Volunteers can water the plants only on holidays. With mulching, young plants can survive without water, longer. - Millennium School in Pune has developed a vegetable garden for its students using canteen waste and dry leaves. They cultivate all kinds of vegetables, fruits in this garden. An organisation nearby has a lot of leaf litter. I suggested them the model of partial compost and donation. Surplus leaf litter was collected by school from them and from a few other sources. The vegetable garden till now has utilized 20 tons of dry leaves which otherwise would have been burnt. Mulching is the process of crushing leaves and spreading in the plant bed. Because of this layer, soil retains moisture and water gets conserved. This vegetable garden has conserved around 80% of water due to dry leaf mulching. Kirti’s garden, soil in the plant-bed covered with mulch - A Brown Leaf member in Pune, Kirti Bhave, experienced advantages of mulching. She was out on a family holiday. She had recently implemented drip-irrigation system and was quite relieved that her plants are well taken care of in her absence. When she returned from the holiday, she to her horror, realized that the domestic help had mistakenly switched off the system. Imagine, at around 45 degrees, her plants were without water for 10 days. And yet, 70% of her garden recovered. And all thanks to the layer of dry leaves covering soil around those plants, i.e. mulching. Because of this protective layer, soil could retain moisture and plants manage to survive in the scorching heat. What if you do not have dry leaves? If you do not have any large trees in your premises, you can still practice mulching for your plants. Borrow dry leaves from your neighbors/ friends. How about that? I am sure there will be a neighbor around, who has large tree. Take some empty gunny bags to them, ask for leaves, help them collect leaves. If you have never interacted with your neighbor, this would be a great opportunity to strike a conversation. They would be happy to donate their leaves to you. As a thank you, give them flower from your garden, a fruit from your garden. Eventually your neighbor would become curious, will inquire what you do with all those dry leaves. That is how a community grows. And that’s how gradually, we prevent burning of dry leaves in our community and in our country. There is no waste in nature. What if we mimic nature in our cities? What if we create the circular system like nature and make our living places, better than they are today? Let’s start with mulching, let’s start small.. Let’s start

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The validity of women’s right to vote is almost universal now – no nation can withhold franchise from females without suffering a severe blow to their prestige in the international arena. Yet suffrage is not where the issue begins and ends – granting the right to vote legally is one matter and ensuring it in practical reality is another. The traditional appropriation of politics as a ‘male’ sphere has entrenched patriarchal structures that encourage men to be more participative than women. The scenario in India is no different, with female voting rates lower than those of male voting ratios. The gap is becoming smaller and smaller, as the 2014 elections demonstrated, but numbers conceal important macro-l Interestingly, it is strongly believed the number of Women who are registered to vote this year, though lower than the men registered to vote, will surpass the men in participation. The 2011 census data reveals that 97.2 There are definite regional differences in the patterns of disenfranchisement, with the Hindi belt being the worst off. Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra and Rajasthan have the lowest female registration rates, with the largest proportion of unregistered female voters from the eligible category. That these states also have some of the worst sex ratios in India is a pertinent fact that is reflected in the voting trend – in Uttar Pradesh, for example, on an average, there are 85,000 women who will not be voting in each constituency. In some states, like Jharkhand, the situation is so grave that for every woman who will be voting, there is another who will not be. Socio-cultural norms are prominent reasons why women may refrain from voting, as are traditional biases that relegate women to the ‘private’ sphere of the home. Interestingly, it is strongly believed the number of women who are registered to vote this year, though lower than the men registered to vote, will surpass the men in participation. The higher turnout expected for women could be due to various reasons, with increased awareness and higher education coming off at the forefront. The demand for better representation for women may also be a huge encouraging factor for women to exercise their electoral rights. Another positive sign is that in some of the smaller states, the number of women registered to vote is higher than the proportion of men registered. While further research is required to ascertain the exact reasons for this, a cursory glance pushes regional variations in attitude and culture to the forefront. The demand for better representation for women may also be a huge encouraging factor for women to exercise their electoral rights. Thus, the 2019 elections pose a contradiction – a lower registration rate but an, estimated, greater turnout for women. The political backdrop is getting more complicated in each successive election year, and extra efforts need to be made to educate females to exercise their franchise – norms do not disappear in a day, nor are cultural prescriptions easy to overcome. The question is how do you overcome these barriers, then? Do you make special allowances for women – such as allowing them to directly vote at polling stations, without registering beforehand, if they can prove they are 18 or above? Does it involve concerted innovation from the Election Commission, which has come out with and more measures to involve women in the voting process, before each election? Or does it entail greater incentives from the government itself, in terms of schemes that favour women’s involvement in the political process? It is tricky to pinpoint the best method, it is debatable if there even is one carte blanche route to increase women’s participation in the democratic enterprise, but the fact that energies need to be concentrated to overcome the lower registration rates of Featured Image Source: Daily Post

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Harvesting and Handling Chinese (or Asian) pears comprise a large group of pears that are crisp in texture and ready to eat at harvest. Asian pears do not markedly change texture after harvest or storage, as the European pears do. They are highly susceptible to surface damage from abrasions to the skin. Careful handling from harvest to consumption is necessary to avoid unsightly fruit damage. Asian pears are also called Oriental pears, Chinese pears, Japanese pears, nashi, sand apples and salad pears. Although most Japanese pear varieties are roundish, their texture and flavour are entirely different from those of apples. The main Chinese pear varieties are pyriform. Asian pears should be juicy (not mealy) and sweet with 11% to 14% SSC (depending on cultivar). Cooling and Storage Asian pears should be stored at 0°C in trays complete with packet pack and poly-liners. It is necessary to maintain a relative humidity >90% in the storage atmosphere because fruit are susceptible to water loss. When water loss has been greater than 5% to 7%, fruit become dehydrated and have a shrivelled appearance. Eating quality is also affected and fruit lack a crisp and juicy texture. Refrigeration inhibits the onset of rotting, but eventually the fruit tissue loses its resistance. Infected fruit packed in polyethylene cartons show an increased tendency to decay. Some cultivars (such as Nijisseiki, Kosui and Niitaka) produce very little ethylene and have a non-climacteric respiratory pattern. Other cultivars (such as Tsu Li, Ya Li, Chojuro, Shinsui, Kikusui and Hosui) have a climacteric respiratory pattern and produce ethylene. Internal breakdown and chilling injury can be a problem with Chinese pear cultivars. Internal browning or core breakdown is the main world-wide consumer complaint. Development of brown to dark-brown water-soaked areas in the core and/or flesh occurs during storage, with no visible external indication of internal browning. This disorder can be avoided if the fruits are picked when still green with a few fruits at the top of the tree showing some light yellowish green colour (after about 180 days after full bloom). Based on limited studies it appears that the magnitude of CA benefits for Asian pears is cultivar-specific and is generally less than that for European pears and apples. Oxygen levels of 1-3% for some cultivars (such as Nijisseiki) or 3%-5% for others (such as Ya Li) help retain firmness and delay changes in skin colour. Low O2 injury manifests itself as discoloured surface depressions. High CO2 injury is manifested as core or medial flesh browning, with cavities developing in severe cases as a result of desiccation of dead tissue. Asian pears are sensitive to CO2 injury (above 2% CO2 for most cultivars) when stored longer than a month. Chilling injury, Dehydration

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As the acreage of vines continues to rise in the UK, ensuring optimum soil health at the beginning of a vineyard’s journey will pay dividends for the years that follow. “Planting a new vineyard is your one opportunity to truly analyse and prepare your soil, as vines can crop for 30 years or so,” said consultant, Penny Meadmore. “Although there’s nothing preventing a grower from taking action to improve the soil of an existing vineyard, it’s more difficult. Instead, growers should aim to establish vines from the best starting point possible, as both early vigour and long-term health depend on good rooting, which goes hand-in-hand with soil health.” Penny is working alongside agronomy advice provider Agrovista, which launched a targeted soil health provision last year for all areas of its business, including vines. Within the offer, soil health is broken down into three key focus areas – chemical, physical and biological factors, all of which contribute to the yield potential of a crop. Penny, who studied MSc Viticulture and Oenology at Plumpton College, said: “Assessing physical properties such as texture, drainage and levels of compaction should become part of considering a site’s viability prior to planting. “Because the UK has a cooler, marginal climate, vines benefit from soil that retains and reflects heat. Although the crop is tolerant of a range of soil textures, land that drains well is also important. Measuring soil warming rate, porosity, infiltration and drainage rate will all indicate a site’s potential viability. “No doubt exacerbated by last winter’s heavy rain, areas of compaction should be identified and managed, again before planting. This can be done through GPS compaction assessments using a soil penetrometer.” Vital for both new and existing vineyards, chemical factors contributing to soil health include pH and the balance and application of nutrients. Conducting soil analysis prior to planting followed by vine petiole analysis once the crop is established, is essential in fine tuning fertiliser requirements. Penny, who is BASIS and FACTS qualified, added: “Maintaining optimum nutrient levels is a fine balance. You might think a ready supply is good, but high nitrogen may result in an excessively vigorous plant with shaded fruit, whereas too much calcium limits the vine’s ability to extract iron from the soil. “As for soil pH, this can determine how readily available particular nutrients are. High pH values may indicate that foliar, rather than soil-applied nutrition, would be most beneficial to the crop. “pH also has implications for new vines and which rootstocks can be selected, as most scion varieties are grafted onto a rootstock. This means that once measured, the pH will affect the rootstocks that can be used at the site.” The final element of Agrovista’s soil health offer is biological influencers, such as levels of organic matter and cover cropping. As all elements interact, increasing the level of soil organic matter can have a positive effect on the Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC) – a measure of the soil’s capacity to hold nutrients. Head of Fruit at Agrovista, Mark Davies, said: “It might seem daunting to try and get all of this right at the same time, but we are here to guide growers through it, supported by invaluable expertise from crop specialists such as Penny. “More people are turning to grape production in the UK because it presents a really exciting opportunity to establish something new with a unique point of difference. “Looking after the soil from day one ensures those new businesses have the best start possible for long-term success. It couldn’t be more pertinent to share this message.”

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Social media provides science learners opportunities to interact with content-specific messages. However, most science-specific social media content is designed to disseminate information instead of encouraging dialog. In this novel, ex post facto exploratory study of a science social media community, we sought to understand the relationships among community member interaction, design elements of messages, and post type on two digital niches (i.e., Facebook and Twitter). Framed by the theory of symbolic interactionism, we conducted a content analysis of 1370 messages that were systematically created by an informal science learning project and found that usage frequency of messaging elements varied by niche; interaction within each niche differed, varying by messaging element; and differential interaction was found to be associated with post types within Facebook only. This study suggests a pathway for developing and examining social media as an educational component of informal science learning. This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution. Buy single article Instant access to the full article PDF. Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout. Subscribe to journal Immediate online access to all issues from 2019. Subscription will auto renew annually. Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout. Barriault, C. (2010). Assessing exhibits for learning in science centers: a practical tool. Visitor Studies, 13(1), 90–106. Bell, P., Lewenstein, B., Shouse, A. W., & Feder, M. A. (Eds.). (2009). Learning science in informal environments. Washington, D.C.: National Academies Press. doi:https://doi.org/10.17226/12190 Bex, R. T., Lundgren, L., & Crippen, K. J. (2019). Scientific Twitter: The flow of paleontological communication across a topic network. PLOS ONE, 14(7), e0219688. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0219688. 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A case study of the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute Facebook page and ocean literacy. Computers & Education, 82, 60–73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2014.11.003. Fauville, G. (2017). Questions as indicators of ocean literacy: students’ online asynchronous discussion with a marine scientist. International Journal of Science Education, 39(16), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1080/09500693.2017.1365184. Gabriel, K. R. (1969). Simultaneous test procedures—some theory of multiple comparisons. Ann. Math. Statist., 40(1), 224–250. https://doi.org/10.1214/aoms/1177697819. Gerrard, D., Sykora, M., & Jackson, T. (2017). Social media analytics in museums: extracting expressions of inspiration. Museum Management and Curatorship, 32(3), 232–250. https://doi.org/10.1080/09647775.2017.1302815. Gibson, J. J. (1986). The ecological approach to visual perception. Hillsdale, N.J: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Hargittai, E., Füchslin, T., & Schäfer, M. S. (2018). How do young adults engage with science and research on social media? Some preliminary findings and an agenda for future research. Social Media + Society, 4(3), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1177/2056305118797720. Hayes, R. A., Carr, C. T., & Wohn, D. Y. (2016). It’s the audience: differences in social support across social media. Social Media + Society, 2(4), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1177/2056305116678894. Hines, H., & Warring, S. (2019). How we use Instagram to communicate microbiology to the public. Nature. https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-019-00493-3. Hoban, G., Nielsen, W., & Shepherd, A. (2015). Student-generated digital media in science education: learning, explaining and communicating content. London: Routledge. Hwong, Y.-L., Oliver, C., Van Kranendonk, M., Sammut, C., & Seroussi, Y. (2017). What makes you tick? The psychology of social media engagement in space science communication. Computers in Human Behavior, 68, 480–492. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2016.11.068. IBM Corp. Released 2016. IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 24.0. Armonk, NY: IBM Corp. Krippendorff, K. (2012). Content analysis: an introduction to its methodology. Los Angeles: SAGE Publications, Inc.. Lam, A.R., Bauer, J.E., Borden, R.M., Fraass, S., Fraass, A., Hartshorn, K., Hils, J. M., Limbeck, M. R., Thompson-Munson, M., Muskelly, C. O., & Sheffield, S. L. (2019). Making sense of climate change and evolution in a digital age: communicating science to the public through blogs, web pages, and social media platforms. Journal of STEM Outreach, 2(1), https://doi.org/10.15695/jstem/v2i1.05. Lewis, S., Pea, R., & Rosen, J. (2010). Beyond participation to co-creation of meaning: mobile social media in generative learning communities. Social Science Information, 49(3), 351–369. https://doi.org/10.1177/0539018410370726. Lincoln, Y. S., & Guba, E. G. (1985). Naturalistic inquiry. Los Angeles: SAGE Publications, Inc.. Littlejohn, S. W., & Foss, K. A. (2011). Theories of human communication (10th ed.). Long Grove, Ill: Waveland Press. Lundgren, L., & Crippen, K. J. (2017). Developing social paleontology: A case study implementing innovative social media applications. In D. Remenyl (Ed.), The Social Media in Practice Excellence Awards 2017 at ECSM 2017: An Anthology of Case Histories (pp. 11–26). Reading, UK: Academic Conferences and Publishing International Limited (ACPIL). Lundgren, L. M., & Crippen, K. J. (2019). Learning and the practice of social media in informal science education centers. International Journal of E-Learning, 18(1), 31–52. http://www.learntechlib.org/p/181959/ Lundgren, L., Crippen, K. J., Gardner, E. E., Perez, V., & Leder, R. M. (2018). Mental models and social media personas: A case of amateur palaeontologists. International Journal of Social Media and Interactive Learning Environments, 6(1), 44–69. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJSMILE.2018.092374. Marsh, O. M. (2018). “Nah, musing is fine. 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Meaning making in secondary science classrooms. Maidenhead, Berkshire: Open University Press. Naveed, N., Gottron, T., Kunegis, J., & Alhadi, A. C. (2011). Bad news travel fast: a content-based analysis of interestingness on Twitter. Proceedings of the 3rd International Web Science Conference on - WebSci ’11 (pp. 1–7). New York, New York, USA: ACM Press. https://doi.org/10.1145/2527031.2527052. Perrin, A. (2015). Social media usage: 2005-2015. (A. Smith & D. Page, Eds.). Washington, D.C.: Pew Research Center. Petrovic, S., Osborne, M., & Lavrenko, V. (2011). RT to win! Predicting message propagation in Twitter. In N. Nicolov & J. G. Shanahan (Eds.), Proceedings of the Fifth International AAAI Conference on Weblogs and Social Media (pp. 586–589). Barcelona, Catalonia: AAAI Press. Russo, A., Watkins, J., & Groundwater-Smith, S. (2009). The impact of social media on informal learning in museums. Educational Media International, 46(2), 153–166. https://doi.org/10.1080/09523980902933532. Shea, N. A. (2015). Examining the nexus of science communication and science education: a content analysis of genetics news articles. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 52(3), 397–409. https://doi.org/10.1002/tea.21193. Shuai, X., Pepe, A., & Bollen, J. (2012). How the scientific community reacts to newly submitted preprints: article downloads, Twitter mentions, and citations. PLoS One, 7(11), e47523. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0047523. Stryker, S., & Vryan, K. D. (2003). The symbolic interactionist frame. In J. D. Delamater (Ed.), Handbook of social psychology. New York, N.Y: Springer. Suh, B., Hong, L., Pirolli, P., & Chi, E. H. (2010). Want to be retweeted? Large scale analytics on factors impacting retweet in twitter network. Proceedings of the 2010 IEEE Second International Conference on Social Computing (pp. 177–184). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/SocialCom.2010.33. Sun, N., Rau, P. P.-L., & Ma, L. (2014). Understanding lurkers in online communities: a literature review. Computers in Human Behavior, 38, 110–117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2014.05.022. Twitchett, R. J., Scriven, S., Kerr, G., & Hughes, Z. (2017). Citizen science, public engagement and geoconservation in the jurassic coast world hertiage site of Southern England. In Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs (Vol. 49, p. 6). Seattle, WA: Geological Society of America. van Mierlo, T. (2014). The 1% rule in four digital health social networks: an observational study. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 16(2), e33. https://doi.org/10.2196/jmir.2966. Vaynerchuk, G. (2013). Jab, jab, jab, right hook. New York: HarperBusiness. Visser, R. D., Evering, L. C., & Barrett, D. E. (2014). #TwitterforTeachers: the implications of Twitter as a self-directed professional development tool for K–12 teachers. Journal of Research on Technology in Education, 46(4), 396–413. https://doi.org/10.1080/15391523.2014.925694. Warren, S. J. (2016). The twitter academic: supporting learning communications in 140 characters or less. International Journal of Social Media and Interactive Learning Environments, 4(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJSMILE.2016.075052. Welbourne, D. J., & Grant, W. J. (2016). Science communication on YouTube: factors that affect channel and video popularity. Public Understanding of Science, 25(6), 706–718. https://doi.org/10.1177/0963662515572068. Wenger, E., White, N., & Smith, J. D. (2009). Digital habitats: stewarding technology for communities. Portland, OR: CPsquare. Zhao, X., Lampe, C., & Ellison, N. B. (2016). The social media ecology: user perceptions, strategies and challenges. Proceedings of the 2016 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - CHI ’16 (pp. 89–100). New York, New York, USA: ACM Press. https://doi.org/10.1145/2858036.2858333. Zittoun, T. & Brinkmann, S. (2012). Learning as meaning making. In N.M. Seel (Eds.), Encyclopedia of the sciences of learning.Boston, MA: Springer. This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. (1322725). Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the NSF. We thank the undergraduate intern who initially helped with coding of posts in 2017 as well as the three undergraduate interns who assisted with coding posts as part of their undergraduate research project in spring 2018. The research was approved and found to be exempt under University of Florida institutional review board, protocol number IRB201601751. Conflict of Interest The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest. Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. About this article Cite this article Lundgren, L., Crippen, K.J. & Bex, R.T. Social Media Interaction as Informal Science Learning: a Comparison of Message Design in Two Niches. Res Sci Educ (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11165-019-09911-y - Social media - Informal science learning - Content analysis

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There has been a lot of news coverage and discussion about how COVID-19 has changed and mutated. It’s a scary thought that after a year of fighting this disease it will change and we will need to start over. At the Centers for Disease Control and other official scientific agencies, variants are a major concern. They warn variants can have: Currently, the variants most commonly discussed do not have a lot of these traits, although many are showing the ability to spread more quickly. Here’s a look at each of the three most well-known variants of COVID-19. United Kingdom Variant (8,337 cases in the United States as of March 25) This variant was first discovered in England in September 2020 and has spread throughout the world, reaching the United States in December. Currently, only one state, Oklahoma, has not reported this virus. Because it is so easily spread, 50 percent faster than the first COVID-19 virus, it is widely assumed it will eventually overtake the original COVID-19 virus as the main strain of COVID-19 in the United States and most countries. There is also a concern it has a higher death rate, but the CDC is studying to confirm this. The good news is treatments and antibodies have shown to have the same effect in the UK variant as the original COVID-19 virus, allowing the world to continue using the tools developed over the past year. South African Variant (266 cases in the United States as of March 25) This variant was first discovered in South Africa in October 2020. It also has spread throughout the world, but it appears it is often overtaken by the UK variant. That said, in some African countries, like Zambia, it is the dominant COVID-19 virus. There is some evidence that it can neutralize antibodies allowing for reinfection, however, there has been no evidence of any increase in severity of cases due to this variant. Brazil Variant (79 cases in the United States as of March 25) This variant has shown traits of being worrisome. Recently, a study was done in the Amazon where 75 percent of residents had already had COVID-19. However, a surge in cases led by the Brazil variant in the town gives a reason to believe this is a variant that is not affected by existing antibodies or vaccines. However, it does not have the increased transmission of the other variants and has not become widespread. In fact, the first case in the United States was discovered in January and spread has been limited since then. Only two states, Florida and Massachusetts, have more than 10 cases in their state and only 19 states have detected at least one case.The Centers for Disease Control has a great table to refer to in order to see variants in your location here.

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An obvious sign of Red Squirrels, especially noticeable if snow is still on the ground, is the remains of their feeding activity. In winter and early spring, when snow may make finding food on the forest floor difficult, Red Squirrels show a preference for conifer buds. Rather than scurrying up a tree and eating the buds, they first prune the branch tip from the tree, eat the buds and then discard the tip onto the ground. Spruces, hemlocks and firs are some of their main sources of buds. If the squirrel feeds for a significant amount of time, the forest floor under the conifer it is feeding in can become littered with branch tips. Nip twigs scattered on the ground beneath hemlocks are also a sign of Porcupine feeding, but the tips they drop are much longer than the 2- to 4-inch tips discarded by Red Squirrels. (Photo: Balsam Fir branch tips; Inset – lateral buds of Balsam Fir branch tip eaten by Red Squirrel) Naturally Curious is supported by donations. If you choose to contribute, you may go to http://www.naturallycuriouswithmaryholland.wordpress.com and click on the yellow “donate” button.

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Depression is among the leading health burdens worldwide and people affected by depression have a higher suicide risk. Environmental exposures may act as potential stressors or buffers to people’s mental health status. How much the environment (e.g. urban design, green space, social interaction) contributes to depression and suicide risk remains unclear and evidence tends to be limited to the residential environment. NEEDS calls such environmental exposure assessments into question. The main objective of NEEDS are to understand the correlations between environmental exposures, depression and suicide. To address this objective, NEEDS put environmental exposures along people’s mobility throughout the day and along their residential home central. To address these research challenges, the latest advances in geotechnologies will be implemented. NEEDS will combine smartphone-based sensing, tracking people’s mobility with GPS, and cutting edge modelling from statistics and machine learning. The results of the NEEDS project will help decision-makers to formulate policies towards a healthy urban living. NEEDS is led by Marco Helbich and is hosted by the Department of Human Geography and Planning, Utrecht University. This project has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (grant agreement No 714993).

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AsianScientist (Feb. 26, 2021) – Sushi, fried rice, chapatti, pho—the list goes on. Many of Asia’s most popular foods rely on cereal-based carbohydrates like rice, bread and noodles, providing about 60 percent of population’s total energy intake. As delicious as these dishes may be, carbohydrate-heavy diets can result in several health complications. In Asia, diabetes is of particular concern. Of the 463 million adults worldwide with diabetes, China is home to 116 million, while India has 77 million. To help combat the scourge of diabetes, rankings like the glycemic index (GI) list carbohydrates according to how they affect blood sugar levels, with glucose as the benchmark at 100. In foods with high GI values (≥70), glucose is released much faster, leading to spikes in blood sugar levels and vice versa. Hence, eating low-GI foods (≤55) could improve blood sugar control and reduce body weight— preventing complications from diabetes. In Singapore, roughly 19,000 people are diagnosed with diabetes every year. To reduce diabetes incidence, local manufacturers have cut down the sugar content in food products. Despite these efforts, carbohydrates still dominate in local favorites. For example, nasi lemak (pictured above)—a rich rice dish steeped in coconut milk—has one of the highest GI values at 100, equivalent to that of pure glucose. Individually, both rice and coconut milk have a GI value of around 96 due to high concentrations of glucose. On the other end of the spectrum, bee hoon, a thin rice noodle dish, has one of the lowest GI values at only 35—likely due to the fatty oils that help delay stomach emptying as well as the rate of sugar absorption into the bloodstream. As the eighth largest rice producer in the world, it’s no wonder that rice is a key staple in Philippines. According to the country’s Department of Agriculture, the average Filipino consumes about 118.81 kilograms of rice annually. Perennial Filipino favorite puto—a soft and fluffy steamed fermented rice cake—has a GI value of 90 per serving. Such high GI values are common in starchy carbohydrates. For instance, kutsinta, another sweet dessert rice cake, has a GI value of 80 as it is predominantly made from rice flour. On the other hand, the light and airy sponge cake mamon surprisingly has a GI value of only 48. Similar to bee hoon, the addition of oil or butter to baked goods lowers their GI values. After China, India has the world’s second largest population of diabetic adults. From 77 million people today, the number is expected to balloon to 134 million by 2045. While genetics and lifestyle factors like physical inactivity are largely to blame, the typical carbohydrate-heavy diets of Indians also play a role. For example, the staple food chapatti—a round flatbread made out of amaranth flour—has a GI value that fluctuates drastically depending on how the amaranth is prepared. If the amaranth grains are popped, the GI value is only 44. If they are boiled, the GI value skyrockets to 111.83. Processing the grains reduces their fat content, making them more easily digestible and absorbed by the bloodstream—explaining the startling rise in GI value. In traditional Japanese culture, rice holds a prominent place, being widely even used in religious rites as an offering to ancestors. In fact, the Japanese word for rice, gohan, is synonymous with the word for meal. The local rice gruel okayu (pictured above), has one of the highest GI values of 99. In contrast, a pre-packaged rice brand known as Sato-No-Gohan has a slightly lower GI value of 71. Much like the amaranth flour in chapatti, rice’s GI values can vary depending on its preparation and the kind of rice used. A boiled rice gruel like okayu is much easier to digest compared to steamed plain rice like Sato-No-Gohan, justifying its higher GI value. In contrast, at only 40.3, noodles made from dehulled yellow peas have one of the lowest GI values of the Japanese foods on the list. However, it should be noted that if the noodles are eaten in a soup or fried, the meal’s overall GI value will change depending on its fat content. Given China’s steep rise in diabetes rates, the local government has identified diabetes as one of the four major non-communicable diseases to be controlled under the Healthy China 2030 plan. The action plan involves implementing a ‘rational’ diet to reduce adult obesity, and the diseases that often come along with it. According to the researchers, while plain white rice has a GI value of 81, the accompanying side dish can change the GI value of the meal in either direction. Just blending the vegetables could raise a meal’s GI value by 20 points. For instance, white rice with homogenized pak choy has a GI value of 91, whereas the same meal with non-homogenized pak choy has a GI value of 71. Though white rice and vegetables is still a healthy combination, steamed buns stuffed with meat and shallots reign supreme. With a low GI value of 39.1, the buns are much better for those watching their blood sugar. Aside the comprehensive list, Henry and his team also highlighted advice for lowering GI. For instance, adding moderate amounts of fats like olive oil or butter to carbohydrates slows down digestion and sugar absorption. Do take note, however, a food’s GI does not provide other nutritional information like levels of protein, fat, sodium, vitamins or minerals. But for those mindful of their blood sugar, the list should be handy enough! Copyright: Asian Scientist Magazine; Photo: Freepik. Disclaimer: This article does not necessarily reflect the views of AsianScientist or its staff.

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This paper reviews published literature on snakes to test the hypothesis that large male size, relative to female size, evolves because of the advantage it confers in male combat. Analysis of the data reveals a high correlation between the occurrence of male combat, and sexual dimorphism in which the male is the larger sex. This correlation holds (i) within the total sample of snake species (n=224), (ii) within the family Colubridae (n=134), and (iii) in a comparison between the eight families of snakes for which data are available. These results strongly support the hypothesis that large male size is an adaptation to intrasexual competition. The analysis also shows that females are larger than males in about 66% of snake species, that male combat is known in only about 15% of species, and that both sexual size dimorphism and the incidence of male combat tend to be distributed along taxonomic lines.

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When I was studying for my medical entomology degree at the Health Services Academy in Islamabad, Pakistan, I contracted dengue. I found out how excruciatingly painful and harmful this disease could be. After my recovery, I became very passionate about fighting dengue, malaria, and other infectious diseases. I knew the bite of one tiny mosquito could destroy a life, and I wanted to do everything in my power to prevent that from happening ever again. To combat dengue we need to create awareness and build the capacities of local communities, so that people can learn how to help themselves. A uniform response and early detection are needed. In 2013, I investigated an outbreak of dengue in the Swat Valley, north of Islamabad, in which over 10,000 cases of dengue were reported to the directorate of Malaria Control. The conditions were really dire and 400 people died in the outbreak, dislocating entire communities and turning many children into orphans. To prevent the further spread of the disease, we applied fogging – spraying insecticide that is non-harmful to humans – to the affected areas. We also informed the community how they could protect themselves, for example using mosquito nets while resting. The people were very welcoming and grateful for our support and organized seminars in the community on how to recognize the larvae and treat infected water supplies. The graph above shows how many cases were reported every day in the Swat Valley. It is clear that the campaign was a huge success, as the Swat Valley communities developed very high awareness and resistance. For 2014, the data show that dengue is no longer a day-to-day issue. Although the campaign in the Swat Valley was a success, what is missing is a coordinated, national response to dengue. A lot of progress has been made in the areas around Lahore, Karachi and Islamabad, but dengue keeps spreading to those regions that lack training and the capacity to fight it. Vietnam, Indonesia, Sri Lanka, and Malaysia – countries that have decades of experience with dengue – all use GPS technology to map and track reported cases of dengue. As soon as a case occurs, they can send a rapid response team to deal with the contamination, which is a very efficient system for preventing further spread. Pakistan has learned many lessons from previous outbreaks of dengue, but it needs to develop a coordinated, cross-sector response to outbreaks. Initiatives like Break Dengue are so important. We need the support and the attention of the international community, which is a huge boost for everyone involved in the fight against dengue and an enormous inspiration to the young students in universities. Many people in the Western world don’t know about dengue and don’t sympathize with the victims, but we really have to show why people should care. Building awareness is the only way forward towards prevention. Will you help us raise awareness to fight dengue? Spread the word on Facebook and Twitter. About Jaipal Singh MS in Medical Entomology Jaipal Singh holds a MS degree in Medical Entomology from the Health Services Academy in Islamabad, Pakistan. He specializes in mosquito vectors of infectious diseases such as malaria, dengue, and leishmaniasis. He is associated with the Directorate of Malaria Control in Islamabad and has four years of field experience reporting and preventing infectious diseases.

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Common Name: Himalayan Balsam Scientific Name: Impatiens glandulifera Habitat: shoreline - in water and on land, forests - wet areas, ornamental beds Provincial Designation: Prohibited Noxious Prohibited Noxious weeds are plant species designated in the Alberta Weed Control Act. Prohibited noxious weeds must be destroyed when found, meaning all growing parts need to be killed or the plant's reproductive mechanisms need to be rendered non-viable. Himalayan Balsam, also called Policeman’s helmet, is native to the western Himalayas. It was introduced to North America as an ornamental garden plant. Himalayan balsam is an aggressive invader of wetlands, streams and moist woodlands where it displaces native and beneficial vegetation, causing a loss in native biodiversity. Seeds can be transported by water which helps this weed to spread quickly along waterways. The large white, pink, or purple flowers resemble a giant snapdragon with a large upper and lower ‘lip’. Some people see a resemblance to a British policeman’s helmet or a fancy hat. They are bilaterally symmetrical - there is only one way to evenly divide the flower so that the two halves like a mirror for each other. The leaves are egg-shaped or elliptic with pointed tips and have a prominent red middle vein. They are arranged oppositely or in whorls of three. The leaf edges are sharply serrated and have glands. Its stems grow 1-3 m tall. It is an annual plant, but can readily regrow from seed. The seed pods, 2 to 3 cm long and 8 mm broad, which explode when disturbed, scattering the seeds up to 7 metres. Can Be Confused With ... Tall Garden Phlox - Phlox paniculata - and joe pye weed - Eupatorium maculatum - which are ornamental garden plants and fine for you to grow! Spotted Touch Me Not - Impatiens capensis - native species which has orange/orange flowers rather than pink/purple. City of Edmonton Activity: Himalayan Balsam is a plant of such concern that volunteers have been actively eradicating this species from Kennedale Ravine. For more information please visit Himalayan Balsam Pulls Learn more about this species: See Fact Sheet - Alberta Invasive Species Council

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If you are thinking of enrolling in a bachelor’s or master’s degree program in psychology, this is a good time to do some research. You need to know about the subject and what you will learn, of course. It is also essential to know the various career paths that one you choose. A Bachelor of Psychology program helps form a clear understanding of normal and abnormal human behavior. There are different types of specializations available to students of the Bachelor of Psychology program at various colleges and universities. These include, among others: - social psychology Students also need to complete internships, and research-based capstone projects. These prepare graduates for entry-level roles and further education like Master or Ph.D. programs in psychology. These degrees offer scope for personal growth. They also open up different types of career opportunities. Typically, psychology programs include classes like: - Health Psychology - Personality Theories - Marriage and Family - the Psychology of Gender - Juvenile Justice - Counseling Psychology - Organizational Theory and Behavior - Consumer Behavior Students have the option to enroll in a program full time, part-time, or 100% online. Usually, these take around four years or 120 credits to complete. The the requirements can vary among schools. Part-time or online programs are perfect for working professionals who wish to advance their education without leaving their full-time jobs. Ample career options await students once they complete a degree in psychology. Learning about human behaviors and the rationale behind them form the basis of their knowledge. Their ability to gauge human behavior is an essential skill that can come in handy in different industries and occupations. Here we have compiled some of the popular career options for people with a degree in psychology. Types of careers covered in this article include the following: - Forensic Psychologist - Military Psychologist - Clinical Psychologist - Industrial-organizational psychologist - Mental Health Counselors - Engineering psychologist - Sports Psychologist - Marriage and Family Therapist - School counselor School counselors play an important role in the life of all students. They not only help and guide them through career and college choices but also support their emotional and social development. Students need to complete a master’s degree in psychology while specializing in school counseling. They may also need to get additional certifications based on the state requirements where they are based. Schools that are well-funded employ multiple counselors while others may depend on one counselor to help students navigate the ups and downs of school years. Average salary per year:$60,493 Neuropsychologists work in the field of brain and cognitive science. They study the behavioral modifications which are caused by certain conditions such as: - drug impact the nervous system - brain injury - neurological trauma A master’s degree in clinical neuropsychology degree is a basic necessity to start on this career path. Students usually go on to complete a doctorate in neuropsychology. Neuropsychologists typically work at: - universities and colleges - mental health clinics - research centers - pharmaceutical labs Average salary per year:$104,407 Industrial or organizational psychology is an applied discipline in the field of psychology. The main job of the industrial-organizational psychologists is to manage different types of issues in the workplace. Some of the tasks that these psychologists need to perform are: - choosing the best employees for some specific jobs - increasing productivity among employees - developing market research surveys Typically, these professionals need master’s degrees in psychology to start work in this field. However, holding doctoral degrees can help improve overall job prospects. Average salary per year:$116,270 Clinical psychology is one of the largest areas of employment within the field of psychology. Clinical psychologists are trained to help their clients overcome and manage various emotional and mental issues. They assess behaviors, diagnose and treat mental illness, and also work out ways to prevent these conditions from recurring. They work in various settings like: - mental health clinics - private practice Students need to hold a doctorate in psychology to work as a professional clinical psychologist. They also need to complete supervised residency programs and clear the state licensing exams to practice professionally. Average salary per year:$100,281 Mental Health Counselors Mental health is considered to be one of the most significant areas in counseling psychology. Mental health psychologists perform different types of tasks that are similar to the clinical psychologists like offering mental health and psychotherapy treatment, but often for less severe cases. Their main goal is to promote and maintain the optimum mental health of their patients or clients. They help them deal with a variety of issues like: - substance abuse - mental trauma - anger management stress One needs to hold a master’s degree and along with state-based licenses to start practicing. Some go on to teach in universities, as well. Average salary per year:$159,458 Engineering psychologists have an interesting job. They use various psychological principles to solve real-world problems. This, too, is an applied discipline within the field of psychology. They focus on: - improving the operations - designing efficient systems and equipment to improve productivity - increasing efficiency - minimizing the risks of accidents and injury in the workplace Engineering psychologists need a master’s degree to get into entry-level roles. However, professionals with doctorate degrees will find better salaries and employment opportunities. A core area of their work is to study human-machine interactions and implement measures to make them more user-friendly. Average salary per year:$97,930 Forensic psychology is a form of applied psychology that plays a critical role in the law and order system. Forensic psychologists deal with different types of psychological issues that are related to the law. Along with conducting their research, they study the research of other professionals. They analyze the findings of law enforcement officials to derive their knowledge of each case. They also study the crime, crime scenes, and criminals very closely to understand their profiles, MOs, and traits that drive them. Some of the responsibilities of a forensic psychologist include: - developing psychological profiles of criminals - offering expert testimony Forensic psychologists can get jobs after earning master’s degrees, but a doctorate will help improve their career prospects Average salary per year:$77,030 Sports psychology is a growing field, and professionals need to obtain a master’s degree to practice and grow in their careers. Many go on to earn a doctorate, as well. Some psychology or clinical psychology programs offer sports psychology as a specialization or elective option. Sports Psychologists work with sports teams and their coaches to help players deal with the stress and pressure of competitive sports. They employ various mental strategies to: - help enhance performance - keep up strenuous daily workouts - recover from injuries - maintaining a healthy self-esteem They help players deal with anxiety, stay motivated, and help the team members collaborate better with each other. Average salary per year:$72,485 Military Psychology is a specialized branch of psychology that focuses on mental health issues of the members of the Army, Navy, Air Force, Marines, and other defense organizations. Primary job responsibilities include: - assessing and treating mental and emotional disorders - performing psychiatric evaluations - providing counseling services to service members and their families - Students need at least a master’s degree to start practicing. However, a doctorate is preferred by most military and related organizations. Military Psychologists begin by: - conducting research - performing tests and evaluations - treating mental and emotional disorders They help defense personnel manage mental health issues, particularly post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Average salary per year:$78,970 Marriage and Family Therapist Marriage and family therapy is a specialized field of psychology that deals with psychotherapy within the family system. These are mental health professionals who work with families, individuals, and couples to help them address various issues. They are licensed to diagnose and treat mental and emotional disorders within the context of the family. While a master’s degree is a minimum requirement along with state licensure, many students go on to complete their doctorate. They treat a range of clinical issues, including: - marital problems - drug abuse - childhood autism - children’s issues - drug abuse. Average salary per year:$72,655 What does a degree in psychology entail? Psychology is the scientific study of behavior and thought patterns. While it is quite natural for people to be curious about what people feel and think and act in the manner they do, students often wonder whether a degree in psychology is worth pursuing. For those who are deliberating on the issue, a little bit of research can go a long way. A degree in psychology equips students with different marketable skills and prepares them for a different well-paid, and exciting career. Students study the various functions of the brain like how the brain learns different languages, how it performs under stress, how mental illness can have an impact on the way it works, or how the brain remembers facts. Psychologists go on to help others manage their psychological issues and lead mentally healthier lives. What makes a psychology degree so versatile? The psychology graduates are well-equipped with some excellent skills such as analyzing and evaluating information, problem-solving, communicating through writing, and researching details. All of the skills are invaluable irrespective of the industry where they choose to work. From 2018 to 2028, the percentage of overall employment of psychologists is expected to grow around 14%, which is a faster than average growth rate for most occupations. The employment of school counselors and clinical psychologists would grow even faster due to the higher demand for psychology and counseling service in hospitals, schools, social service agencies, and mental health centers. An increasing number of psychologists are needed to offer services to the aging population and help them cope with the physical and mental changes that take place with age. The same goes for trauma survivors, veterans, and people with developmental disorders like autism. General requirements for a degree in psychology The first step is the application process, of course. After getting enrolled at the preferred university, students can choose to pursue the major and select a specialization of their preferences. The minimal requirements for the program differ between schools, but most require a specific GPA to stay on in this program. One vital consideration when it comes to selecting a psychology degree program is to decide whether the institution is accredited by a national or regional accreditation body. Accreditation is necessary for different reasons. Credits from the unaccredited universities or colleges may not be accepted by other institutions and sometimes even by future employers. - Most Affordable Online Psychology Degree Programs - Most Affordable Online Bachelor’s in Psychology - Most Affordable Bachelor’s in Forensic Psychology - Most Affordable Bachelor’s in Addiction Studies - Most Affordable Online Bachelor’s in Addiction Studies - Most Affordable Bachelor’s in Adolescent Psychology - Most Affordable Master’s in Addiction Studies - Most Affordable Online Master’s in Addiction Studies - Most Affordable Online Master’s in Psychology with no GRE Requirements - Most Affordable Master’s in Forensic Psychology - Most Affordable Online Doctorates in Marriage and Family Therapy - Most Affordable Online Doctorates in Psychology - Most Affordable Online Doctorates in Industrial/Organizational Psychology - Top Online Doctorate in Psychology with no GRE Requirements

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Here's healthy eating activities for kids and healthy recipes for kids activities. Whether in the classroom, a party or getting your own kids eating healthy, here's kids snack ideas for using veggies and making healthy food choices. Want new ways to get kids eating real food? Want them to help you make healthy meals for kids tastes? Here's ideas for getting your kids eating healthy -- from very young to teenagers: Growing "egghead hair" is fun! You need eggs and wheat kernels. You can get wheat "berries" i.e. kernels of wheat from a Health Food Store, often in bulk, so you can just buy a hand full. Carefully crack one raw egg for each child, and save the lower two thirds of the shell. Put a small piece of moistened paper towel in the bottom of the egg and add a tsp. to a tbsp. of wheat kernels. Put egg shells in egg carton and cover with lid until sprouts appear. Keep moist but not soggy. When sprouts appear, put them in the light. You can encourage kids to taste (chew on) the wheat grass, and if you live near a juice bar, show them the trays of wheat grass and the juice made from it, and the green juice. Make a "fairy prince or princess broccoli forest" for a birthday party for small kids. Here's how we made made an "enchanted forest" for our five year old's birthday party with: We got the kids involved, and they loved it! Who needs Smarties if you get creative and decorate with: Why not healthy eating activities for kids parties? Yum, fun healthy snacks for kids to play with. Want to motivate kids to choose healthier foods? Here's some great resources with healthy eating activities for kids: A successful weight loss program at Stanford, California, has taught many kids to signal their foods with a "green light", "yellow light" or put the brakes on by giving food a "red light." This program at Lucile Packard Children's hospital taught kids to give a "green light" to vegetables and water, but give a STOP, or a "red light" to cheese burgers, fries, deep fried chicken nuggets, treats like frozen yogurt and drinking soda. The "yellow light" foods could be eaten often, but they were not to go overboard with them, such as fruits, meat, grains, beans, and fish. Kids between the ages of 8 and 15 who did this program, had an 80 percent long-term success rate for weight loss. Usually, most weight loss programs for kids have less than a 50 percent success rate. Here's a book for young children that teaches green / orange / red light foods. Gives great reasons for eating healthy - even 'grown-ups' may be surprised at this clear the message. A good intro for healthy eating activities for kids, and good for arming kids with appealing reasons to begin to make good choices in their carb and sugar overloaded world. • Helps kids see why their fresh veggy, nut, yogurt, fruit lunches and snacks have them grow healthy and feel good far more than the donuts their best friend brings to school! What's at the TOP OF THE LIST for kids when they are asked to choose their favorite vegetables? QUIZ: What are the top FIVE veggies that parents buy? NOT broccoli, but instead, parents buy these veggies: Spinach ranked LAST on the parents' list. Spinach is one of the top SUPER FOODS, and can be put in a salad with strawberries that kids like. Here's a fun site for kids to learn about and vote for their favorite veggies: We hope that you'll try our kids snack ideas to get your kids eating healthy and having fun. Please share YOUR eating healthy activities for kids, with us here: GO TO Health Discoveries HOME PAGE from Healthy eating activities for kids Apr 08, 21 12:00 AM Dementia was lowest in a study of a large group of people (247,149) who had regular and continued physical activity. All those in this study already had some form of mild cognitive impairment (MCI). M… Apr 04, 21 04:27 PM Eggs high cholesterol? Surprise -- add eggs for a healthy diet for high cholesterol and against Macular Degeneration. Apr 01, 21 12:00 AM While green tea has been touted for its health benefits, don't forget to drink a few cups of peppermint tea per week. Both peppermint tea and peppermint oil have been used to alleviate a variety of he…

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Board meetings are held so members of a board of directors can make decisions regarding the direction of a company. In most cases, the board is comprised, at the very least, of a President, Vice President, Secretary and Treasurer. There may be additional officers present at these meetings, or advisors to the board. Often, board meetings must be held publicly, though frequently only the board members attend. Board members vote on decisions regarding the company and there normally must be a quorum in order for the meeting to be considered legal. A quorum, unless otherwise defined by the board represents at least half of the board members. During these meetings, the secretary records all discussion and actions taken by the board, called the minutes. The secretary will then type up the minutes, which usually must be filed and kept in case there is any government investigation of the board at a later date. Minutes also may need to be presented to the public should there be a request for such from the public. The first topic of most board meetings is reading of the minutes. The secretary will briefly summarize the minutes of the previous meeting. Next is resolution of old business. Anything that was unresolved in the previous meeting will perhaps be resolved at the current meeting or be postponed for a future meeting. In some cases, the next presentation is a financial report. This may take place after old business is concluded, or may take place later in the meeting. People then tend to discuss new business, which involve any new concerns or issues raised by the board. If additional comments or issues are raised in board meetings for which more information must be provided, the board will usually decide not to vote on an issue until the next meeting. Thus some new business may become the next meeting’s old business. New business will include voting on any current issues, and the board may also listen to presentations by non-board members to help them make decisions. Sometimes the head or CEO of a company, who is not a part of the board, makes a presentation. Usually board meetings conclude with someone suggesting the meeting be closed, and another person seconding this suggestion. Unless other people have material to present, the meeting is usually considered finished at this point and the secretary can cease recording.

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Gwaii Haanas National Park Reserve, British Columbia A Tufted Puffin ( Fratercula cirrhata ) comes in for a landing. It's a seabird of the open waters, islands and coastal cliffs of the north Pacific. The Tufted Puffin nests mostly in deep burrows that it digs into cliff edges and slopes. They can capture and hold multiple fish crosswise in its bill, routinely 5 to 20 fish at a time, for delivery to chicks at the nest. Adults eat their own food while still underwater.

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Bees are insects. Insects make up more than half of all known living species and are the most diverse group of animals on Earth. There are more than one million species of insects, and over 20,000 known species of bees... Bees are part of the order Hymenoptera, along with wasps and ants. Bees evolved from ancient predatory wasps that lived 120 million years ago. Like bees, these wasps built and defended their nests, and gathered food for their offspring. But while most bees feed on flowers, their wasp ancestors were carnivorous. They stung and paralyzed other insects, bringing them back to feed developing offspring in the nest. The image below shows some examples of the different types of Bees from around the World... Bees in the UK As well as honey Bees there are around 24 species of bumblebee and over 240 species of solitary bee in the UK. The diagram below shows some of the more common types of Bee in the UK: These species are not spread out across the whole UK, most are mainly found in southern England, with some only found in a few small areas. The diagrams below show the range of some of these species:- The Honey Bee (apis mellifera) The most common Honey Bee in Scotland is the Western Honey Bee. The most common type was originally bred from Italian and Spanish strains of Honey Bees, but the Inner Hebridean Isles still have good numbers of native Scottish Honey Bees , which are nearly all black in colour. apis mellifera iberiensis Bee Anatomy (External) Honey bees are insects and have five characteristics that are common to most insects. They have a hard outer shell called an exoskeleton. They have three main body parts: head, thorax, abdomen. They have a pair of antennae that are attached to their head. They have three pairs of legs used for walking. They have two pairs of wings. The diagram below of the honey bee shows the main parts of a bee's external anatomy:- External Anatomy of the Head The diagram below shows the main parts of a Bee's Head:- The eyes of a Bee Bee eye color and shape varies among species. All bees have two compound eyes and three small, light-sensing ocelli on the tops of their heads. Some bees have giant eyes that help them see, fly, and forage at night. Bees have two compound eyes, with thousands of facets that each point in a slightly different direction. Each facet, at the end of a unit called an ommatidium, contributes one part of a larger image. Worker honey bees have up to 6,900 facets per eye. Bees also have a cluster of three simple eyes called Ocelli on the top of their heads. They act more like light sensors than true eyes. The Bee uses the occelli to decide which way is up when flying, and also allows the Bee to know when to return to the hive at night. Bees have very different spectral sensitivity from humans. We see from the red to violet range, but bee vision is shifted to slightly shorter wavelengths, including ultraviolet. Many flowers exploit the UV sensitivity of bees. As as can be seen in the video below, some flowers have striking UV patterns that lead bees and butterflies directly to the nectar source. We don’t see these UV patterns, so these flowers can look completely different to us. The mouth of a Bee Bees use their mouthparts to collect food and nesting materials. Some bees have sharp mandibles for slicing leaves. Others harvest nectar from the deepest flowers with incredibly long tongues. When a bee is ready to extract pollen, nectar, or oils from a flower, its complex set of mouthparts unfold. Bee mouthparts have moving, interlocking pieces evolved specially for hard-to-reach floral rewards. The video below show how these parts work together to extract nectar from a flower. Bee Anatomy (Internal) The diagrams below of the honey bee show the main parts of a bee's internal anatomy:- Bees, like other insects, have no transport system so gases need to be transported directly to the respiring tissues. There are tiny holes called spiracles along the side of the insect. These spiracles are openings of small tubes running into the insect's body. The ends of these tubes, which are in contact with individual cells, contain a small amount of fluid in which the gases are dissolved. The fluid is drawn into the muscle tissue during exercise. This increases the surface area of air in contact with the cells. Gases diffuse in through the spiracles and down the tracheae and tracheoles. Ventilation movements of the body during exercise may help this diffusion. The spiracles can be closed by valves and may be surrounded by tiny hairs. These help keep humidity around the opening, ensure there is a lower concentration gradient of water vapour, and so less is lost from the Bee by evaporation. The diagram below shows a cross-section of a insect's abdomen, showing how the Spiracles are connected to the organs within the abdomen: Bees and Stinging The female Bees (Worker Bees and Queens) are the only ones that can sting, drones cannot. This is because the stinger evolved from part of the female Bee's reproductive system, called an Ovipositor. An ovipositor is a piercing tool used to inject an egg into a host, allowing the egg and larvae to grow inside another insect or animal using that animal as a source of food and protection. Honey Bees have evolved to lay their eggs in complex hives, and so the ovipositor evolved into a defensive weapon, capable of delivering a powerful venom. The video below shows a wasp using its ovipositor to inject eggs into the larvae of butterflies:- The stinger consists of a Venom Sac attached to muscles and the stinger itself (which is made up of several moving parts). the Venom is produced in the Venom Gland and is stored in the Venom Sac until it is needed. When the Bee stings, the muscles contract separately, forcing the blades of the stinger into the skin and pumping Venom into the wound. The animation below shows this process:- The Queen and Worker Bees have evolved two different types of stinger, the Queen has a smooth stinger, whereas the workers have stingers covered in barbs. The reason for the difference is due to the use that the Workers and Queens have for their stingers. The Queen has a smooth stinger which allows her to use it repeatedly. The Queen uses this stinger to kill any other rival Queens before they hatch. The workers have a barbed stinger which can only be used once (against a mammal, it can sting other insects repeatedly) before it is torn out of the Bee, killing it. This means that the Worker Bee will sacrifice itself for the greater good of the colony, giving its life to defend it. The barbs mean that the stinger remains lodged in the skin of the mammal, allowing the stinger to pump more venom into the wound. This obviously increases the pain caused by the venom, driving the mammal away from the colony. The dying Bee also releases an attack pheromone, causing more Bees to attack its target. Stinger left behind after a sting Stinger pulsing after removal Bee Stings and humans Through the wearing of correct equipment and good practices when handling Bees, stings can be kept to a minimum, but as a Beekeeper stings are something that will happen. Honey Bees have been selectively bred to not be aggressive, and will usually only sting when the colony is threatened, or if you crush or hit them. If you are stung however, the following procedures should be followed:- Move away from the colony quickly and quietly. As soon as possible, remove the sting (if still in skin) by scraping with a tool or credit card. Don't pinch it as this will cause more venom to be injected. Do not return to the colony without safety equipment, as due to attack pheromones, you are very likely to be stung again. Once you are at a safe distance from the colony, the sting site can be treated. There are lots of ways people think will help a bee sting, but most of these are not really true. The best recommendation is simply to make sure the site of the sting is clean and apply a cold compress to reduce swelling. Bee stings are painful because the Venom contains an acidic compound called Melittin, which switches on the pain receptors in mammals. This is felt as an intense itching and burning sensation. Bee stings are seen as one moderately painful type of sting that a person can receive. They rate a level 2 on the Schmidt Pain Scale. The Schmidt Pain Scale was created by the American entomologist Justin Schmidt. To rate the pain of a sting, Schmidt intentionally stung himself 100s of times with 78 different types of insect. He then ranked them on a rating system of 4 levels of pain (1 least painful and 4 most painful). The video below shows a brief overview of Schmidt's work:- The images below shows Schmidt's description of a Honey Bee sting, as well as examples of different insect stings and how painful they are on the Schmidt Pain Scale:- The Venom also contains Histamines which trigger the mammal's immune system to cause swelling. The Bee have evolved to use Histamines in their Venom as it will make the mammal's own immune system work for the Bees to incapacitate the mammal. This is even more the case if the mammal experiences a severe allergic reaction (anaphylaxis) to the Venom. This is very dangerous and can result in the death of the mammal. When most people are stung, there is sharp pain that quickly subsides and a small amount of swelling that goes down after a few days. Some people, however, have an allergic reaction to the Bee Venom and can go in Anaphylactic Shock. This is extremely dangerous, and results in fatalities around the world every year. Anaphylaxis occurs when the body's immune system overreacting to a trigger, in this case a Bee sting. The whole body is affected, often within minutes of exposure to the trigger which causes the allergic reaction but sometimes after hours. The diagrams below shows some of the effects of anaphylaxis, as well as some statistics of Venom anaphylaxis in the UK:- If you or someone around you experienced any of the symptoms discussed above, it is vital that you seek medical assistance immediately.

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Zero Access Trust – The Vulnerability of Trust The year 2020 came to a close with the devastating SolarWinds Supply chain breach, affecting 18,000 of SolarWind’s customers. These attacks affected critical infrastructure, government entities and a wide range of private industry organizations. With the size and scale of this compromise the IT industry is seeing a shift in threat tactics and a push for techniques that can affectively defend against unknown risks and vulnerabilities. With the currently accepted model of perimeter security no longer cutting it, how can your network maintain integrity from the inside-out? What is Zero Trust Access? Zero Trust Access is the idea that trust is a vulnerability. It offers a means to maintain integrity and to enforce restrictions within a network to ensure security. With Zero Trust, an enterprise network can regulate, manage, or halt internal traffic—granting access only when it’s necessary and narrowing down crucial protection surfaces that require higher levels of security, thus, saving itself from the inherent idea that everyone inside the network belongs there. To Trust or Not to Trust Zero Trust access comes down to restricting data flow and user access. Using micro-segmentation to create more granular perimeter enforcement on users, their locations and other data would determine the trust of the user application or machines seeking access. Having internal networks segmented into smaller surfaces and applying strict user and application access to those surfaces decreases the attack surface. There is no one standard for Zero Trust, so several methods of applying network access and restrictions can be established. Starting from initial access to a network, either from a switch on the LAN to VPN access from outside the network, checks such as Network Access Controls (NAC) and Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA) allow for authorized access only, better monitoring of access and can reduce and deter unwanted access to a network. How to Design a Zero Trust Model But once inside, what is stopping someone from going where they please? When designing a Zero Trust model it’s important to define the “protection surface”. This includes the most critical and valuable data, assets, applications and services that require strict access and monitoring. Defining these surfaces and implementing a zero trust around them will clearly define where access should be narrow and limited. And once defined, segmentation of these surfaces coupled with either Software Defined Perimeter (SDP) or Identity-Aware Proxies (IAP) or other access authentication methods will provide monitoring and control of the data flow and user access. The notion of zero trust does put a burden on the user. As a result, users—either employees or third parties—may feel extra stress and frustration as their access changes and management of that access is limited to what is necessary. However, with those frustrations and changes come a safer environment for your data, assets, and the users themselves. With trust being considered a vulnerability, it’s necessary to place a burden somewhere other than on the data and integrity of the network itself. The cyber world is ever evolving and threat actors always seem to be one step ahead of the defenses we rely on. When the trust of an industry is shaken on such a large scale from incidents such as the SolarWinds supply chain attack, it’s important to discuss bold new initiatives in design and defense. Zero Trust Access is one of those initiatives, taking security beyond just border security and to a realm of better protection from the inside out.

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One of the places in which children learn various kinds of life skills is the playground. Almost every game allows children to learn: - Team spirit and All these skills and more come in handy even when the child grows up. But the playing does not have to stop! Games can help an adult as well – may not always be on a traditional playground but video games can help in abilities and skills needed for driving. Choose your games There are different kinds of games out there that can help you hone skills needed to find your way in your car and on different kinds of roads. The most obvious choice will be racing video games. But there are also games that are aimed at cognitive development. Try games that necessitate strategic planning as well. The idea is that these games help in improving: - Problem solving thought process. - Brain development. - Taking responsibility for one’s actions and so on. Most of the times it is a question of taking the right decision that separates a good driver from the reckless one. Driving in the real world can bring together many different elements all at once and you will have to decide on the correct course of action. Think of a situation which brings together: - The fact that you are running late for an important meeting. - A crying child in the back seat – who has to be dropped off at the crèche en route your office. - A pedestrian who is distracted by his phone and crosses the road in front of you. - Speed limit restrictions. - A vehicle in front of you as well. All plausible conditions isn’t it? So what would you decide and how long will you take to decide the same? A game can help your ability to think quickly and correctly. Motor skills, literally and figuratively, are all about hand eye coordination and the ability to drive your car as if it is an extension of your brain and hand. Even as your eyes see the condition in front of you, your brain takes a decision and your hands execute the decision. This entire process should be done naturally and quickly. Games can help you in doing this. For instance, a shooter game is the perfect example to render for this skill. There may be innocents in your line of fire and you should spend a fraction of a second in sizing up the location of your enemy and line of sight as far as firing your gun is concerned. This is vital for driving too. You cannot do away with distractions. Some of them may exist within your car and some of them will be in the world outside. Games can help you realize how you should focus on the task at hand. Strategic planning games can also help you nourish this skill. Indubitably, games can help a whole range of skills necessary to make you a better driver in the real world.

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About Lowell, Vermont Chartered: February 7, 1791 (Vermont Charter) Area: 36,083 Acres = 56.38 Square Miles [ Size Rank: 17* ] Coordinates (Geographic Center): N 44° 48′ W 72°27′ Altitude: 996 feet ASL Population (US Census, 2010): 879 [ Population Rank: 188* ] Population Density (persons per square mile): 15.6 [ Density Rank: 219* ] Full Census Info: Town County State *Area, Population and Density rankings refer to Lowell’s relative position among Vermont’s 255 civic entities (9 cities, 242 towns, 4 gores and grants). Complete rankings are here. Chartered to New York lawyer John Kelly and named Kellyvale. It was one of four grants totaling more than 69,000 acres given to Kelly in restitution for an equal amount of land he had held under New York Patents, which had been invalidated by the 1790 settlement between New York and Vermont. In 1825, another of Kelly’s grants (a 6,000 acre tract just east of Kellyvale) was added to the town, making it considerably larger than its neighbors. In 1831 the name was changed to Lowell. Some say that the new name derived from Lowell, Massachusetts, because many of the people who settled in Kellyvale had come from that area. However, that town had been named Lowell only five years before the Vermont towns’ name change (long after the settlers arrived), honoring Francis Cabot Lowell, the initiator of large-scale cotton textile manufacturing in the US. Vermont’s town is more likely to honor the manufacturer’s father or his brother: John Lowell Sr., a distinguished Massachusetts jurist, had represented the Commonwealth in the Continental Congress for many years. He was a member of the commission that had settled the Vermont-Massachusetts boundary dispute in Vermont’s favor. In 1781, Lowell and some associates had petitioned Vermont for a grant in the area of present-day Morgan and Charleston. There is no record of any action taken, but it is hard to believe that the state would have entirely overlooked his efforts on its behalf. John Jr. was also a prominent lawyer and a keen historian, with a reputation as a Federalist writer. His pamphlet entitled Mr. Madison’s War, criticizing the War of 1812, would have endeared him to Vermonters, with whom the war was extremely unpopular. Activities & Points of Interest Goings-on in and near Lowell Calendar of Events provided by the Vermont Department of Tourism & Marketing. Emergency Services (Statewide): 911 Hospital: North Country Hospital & Health Care (Newport) 802-334-7331 Town Clerk: Nanette Bonneau 2170 VT RTE 100 Lowell, VT 05847 M Th 9-2:30 Churches, Ministries, Charitables Roman Catholic : St. Ignatius North Country Supervisory Union 802-334-5847 Lowell Village School 802-744-6641 This is a basic geographic reference, intended to show relative location of adjacent towns. Directional accuracy is limited to 16 compass points. There isn’t even the slightest suggestion that one can necessarily travel directly from one town to the next (as in “You can’t get there from here”). Notes about utilities: - One electric or phone company indicates that company serves the entire town. More than one of either indicates each serves different areas of town. - A listed cable company MIGHT mean the entire town is covered, but not necessarily. More than one listed indicates each serves different areas of town. - Unless your area is one served by Vermont’s only gas utility, your only option is bottled gas (any dealer). Cable Comcast 800-266-2278 Electric Vermont Electric Co-op 800-832-2667 Telephone Fairpoint 866-984-2001

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A history book I read about a year ago said that Qi Jigaung, a 16th century general famous for defeating the pirate invasion of southern China, had mostly ignored musketry and focused on contact weapons. Since it didn’t seem like there would be any bow/musket comparison I forgot about him until coming across the name again in Tonio Andrade’s The Gunpowder Age. Andrade is kind enough to provide several translated quotations highly relevant to the bow vs. gun debate. There are pages of great material. Andrade has collected many East Asian sources that I had to discover on my own. I wish that I’d bought this book years ago. [Qi Jiguang] explained that he first understood the power of arquebuses when he lost his first battles against the Japanese pirates. “Having suffered setbacks and been thus forced to consider things, [I] used defeat to strive for victory and replaced [our] bows-and-arrows with the tactic of proficiently firing muskets.” Perhaps he was predisposed to favor guns because his father had been vice commander of the firearms division of the capital army in Beijing. In any case, Qi became a partisan of the the arquebus. “It is,” he wrote, “unlike any other of the many types of fire weapons. In strength it can pierce armor. In accuracy it can strike the center of targets, even to the point of hitting the eye of a coin [i.e., shooting right through a coin], and not just for exceptional shooters…. the arquebus is such a powerful weapon and is so accurate that even bow and arrow cannot match it, and … nothing is so strong as to be able to defend against it.” Arquebuses, used in combination with traditional weapons, allowed him to fight successfully against the pirates. Andrade devotes several pages to the drilling techniques Qi developed for the harquebuze, casting doubt on the idea that he adopted guns because of supposed quick and easy training. Qi’s musketeers were expected to be robotically disciplined, not firing their guns until ordered, following the steps of their drill patterns without any mistakes. So Qi drilled his troops pragmatically, writing dismissively of training regimes involving lance dances and fancy martial arts moves. The first step was to train recruits in the individual skills of their weapons, and the matchlock arquebus was notoriously tricky. As the great military historian Sir Charles Oman once quipped, “It was said that muskets would be more practical if Nature had endowed mankind with three hands instead of two.” The problem was the fuse. It couldn’t be allowed to go out, and so one had to keep it burning while pouring powder first insto the barrel and then into the flash pan. Careless arquebusiers blew themselves to pieces. European commanders famously divided the task of shooting an arquebus into multiple steps, which authors have considered to be a sign of Europe’s incipient modernity. Qi, too, divided the process of loading and shooting into discrete steps, painstakingly training his musketeers to load and shoot according to a precise sequence. They practiced together in rhythm to a special musket-loading song: One, clean the gun. Two, pour the powder. Three tamp the powder down. Four drop the pellet. Five drive the pellet down. Six put in the paper (stopper). Seven drive the paper down. Eight open the flashpan cover. Nine pour in the flash powder. Ten close the flashpan cover, and clamp the fuse. Eleven listen for the signal, then open the flashpan cover. Aiming at the enemy, raise your gun and fire. Something interesting here (to me, at least) is that Qi’s method was to load the main charge first and the priming charge second, while in Europe it was the opposite. Qi’s countermarch technique was also opposite. European musketeers who had just fired would leave the front rank and go to the back. In Qi’s method, the soldiers in the rear rank would come forward and stand in front of the soldiers who had just fired to take their turn. The harquebusiers were inspected frequently. Once the equipment passed inspection, the men demonstrated their mastery of the loading sequence, carrying out the procedures as officials sang the song. Then, guns loaded, they advanced to the shooting range and lined up in ranks, a hundred paces from the target. In the Ming period, a pace was about a meter and a half, which would put the target about a hundred fifty meters away. I hate when historical sources use “paces” as a unit of measure. You never know if it’s meant to mean a pace with one foot or both. Fortunately Andrade clarified the distance. Incentives and punishments were collective, although individual skill was also rewarded. Qi even included in his manuals sample assessment forms, with blank spaces to be filled in with the names of soldiers and spaces for recording grades. When filling them in, a commander was to consider not just target strikes but also posture and composure. If a gunner flinched while he fired, he got a lower mark, even if he hit the target. Expectations for accuracy seem to have been quite high, and wages depended on performance in trials (and, of course, in combat). Qi’s experiences demonstrate how important it was that harquebusiers are willing to let themselves be trained. As in other nations, there were those who clung to the old weapons. His most pessimistic discussions of the musket seem to have referred to his experiences in northern China. Whereas he’d been able to start with a clean slate in the south, raising and training his own forces of peasant mercenaries, in the north he found himself in command of soldiers entrenched in their weapons, such as the fast lance (kuai qiang), a type of gun similar to a fire lance, with a long handle and, in some cases, more than one barrel: “In the north,” he wrote, “soldiers are stupid and impatient, to the point that they cannot see the strength of the musket, and they insist on holding tight to their fast lances, and although when comparing and vying on the practice field the musket can hit the bullseye ten times better than the fast-lance and five times better than the bow and arrow, they refuse to be convinced.” Many people wouldn’t believe that a musket is five times more accurate than a bow and arrow, or that they were effective to the 150m Qi’s harquebuzers practiced at. Andrade speculates that Qi’s troops may have been using rifles. I don’t think so. A muzzleloading rifle must have a patch wrapped around the bullet like a little coat to help it grip the rifling as it is shot out, or else the rifling will provide no benefit. A naked lead ball would be very difficult to size against a rifle barrel. Barrels are often not of perfectly uniform size all the way down, and barrels expand and contract based on temperature. Fouling would make the bullet too hard to ram down after the first or second shot. Using a slightly undersized ball wrapped in a patch was the only satisfactory way to get the rifle to impart spin on the bullet until the invention of the miniè ball. No patch is mentioned in the loading song. The loading song specifically has the bullet rammed down first, followed by paper wadding. Paper wadding would not be necessary to secure the ball if it was already secured by a patch. Qi’s musketeers were to carry their powder and shot in “thirty [bamboo] tubes, and put them in the leather sack, and hang it on the waist.” Descriptions from the Opium War indicate that Chinese musketeers were carrying their powder in a similar fashion about 250 years later. The problem with carrying powder in this manner was that it could spill out onto the musketeer’s clothes and get ignited by the matchcord.

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This chapter summarizes the interesting patterns that characterize the evolution of social innovation over time. Social innovations that succeed in transforming intractable problem domains take time: these cases span from seventy to over two hundred years. They are ignited by new social philosophies in most cases, new products or technological inventions in others. Through the activities of a relay team of social and institutional entrepreneurs, those original ideas and initiatives combine and recombine over time with other “adjacent” streams of activity, often in an attempt to secure additional resources of power or capital. As a result most successful social innovations are a collection of elements, some of which are in tension with each other. It is these tensions that continue to drive the evolution of the innovations. This chapter concludes with identification of aspects of early stage social innovations that are key to identifying those with transformative potential. Katharine McGowan, Frances Westley and Ola Tjörnbo Building Resilience Through Transitions Edited by Frances Westley, Katherine McGowan and Ola Tjörnbo In a time where governments and civil society organizations are putting ever-greater stock in social innovation as a route to transformation, understanding what characterizes social innovation with transformative potential is important. Exciting and promising ideas seem to die out as often as they take flight, and market mechanisms, which go a long way towards contributing to successful technical innovations, play an insignificant role in social innovations. The cases in this book explore the evolution of successful social innovation through time, from the ideas which catalysed social and system entrepreneurs to create new processes, platforms, projects and programs to fundamental social shifts in culture, economics, laws and policies which occurred as a result. In doing so, the authors shed light on how to recognize transformative potential in the early stage innovations we see today.

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Know all about Word Association Test in the SSB Interview. One of the most important test in the Psychology test of SSB interview is the Word Association Test or WAT. Let's know about the Tips to write WAT effectively and further understand some WAT with examples. Word Association Test (WAT) Word Association Testing is one of the psychological techniques in which the subconscious behavior of an individual is tested. About the Test: In this test, a word will be displayed in front of the candidate for 15 seconds and he/she is required to use that word to form a meaningful sentence. Based on each word, there may be different ideas related to that word in the candidate's mind, but he/she must write the first spontaneous response. The test consists of 60 words that are displayed on the projector for a period of 15 seconds per word in which you have to think as well as write. The total time allotted in 15 minutes. Why is this Test conducted? The words in the WAT are chosen in such a way that every word can be taken as noun, verb, adverb or adjective depending on the candidates thought process. The time for each response is less so that students write the first response that he thinks. These responses are then measured against the Officer Like Qualities that each candidate must possess. The psychologist judges a candidate's personality through each response. Tips for WAT: - The sentences should be framed in such a manner that, they show optimism, infuse leadership, honesty, responsibility etc. - The sentence should not display negative thoughts like fear, cowardice, carelessness. - You can use any form of the word as shown. - You can also write a phrase, a feeling based on the word shown. - The use of words “not”, “cannot”, “do not” are not allowed is only a myth. One can use them as long as he makes a proper sentence. For eg - A leader does not make partial decisions. One cannot perform well without proper training. - The mundane or repetitive response shows a lack of creativity & thoughts. Don’ts of WAT: - Don’t try to frame a positive sentence on purpose. - Keep your sentences as natural and as spontaneous as possible. - Don’t mug up the sentences from books or any other sources. - Avoid making most of the sentences with General Knowledge. - Don’t make too many sentences related to Defence. - Don't use the word “Should”, “Could”, “Would” as it shows a suggestion or advice. - Don’t use Idioms & Phrases. - Don’t try to forcefully insert OLQ’s in every sentence. Keep the response natural. How to improve WAT: As the time given in the exam is very less here are some ways by which you can improve your WAT: - Make sentences as short as possible. Ideally using 4 - 5 words. - Make sentences based on incidents of real life. - Practice WAT with the help of a timer. - For negative words try to find the reason or effect of that thing and make a sentence with that. For eg - For betray we can use: Friends do not betray one another. Corrupt people betray. Trustworthy people do not betray. - Break: Records are meant to be broken. - Cheat: Daredevils cheat death - Deteriorate: Corruption deteriorates economy. - Failure: Failure is one step towards success. - Hesitation: Practice overcomes Hesitation. - Love: Every citizen loves his motherland. - Youth: Youth is the future of the nation. - Escape: Courageous people never escape from obstacles. - Mend: Mending Relations binds people - Worry: Worrying after the exam is futile. Here are some words that you can practice: Here is a PDF of the above WAT: More from us:

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Within a week – to her amazement – the little mint cuttings were putting out new roots, that grew and grew and grew … And with new roots, the stems themselves grew producing new leaves and new shoots. You’d think cuttings would need soil to root, but water works just as well. At this time, you can plant these cuttings with roots in a pot with potting soil. You can do mint growing indoors in a pot of soil or even in a bottle of water. Now select some good and green cuttings from the store-bought mint. There are two ways to grow mint from a cutting, first from a stem and second from the root. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. It’s best to grow mint in a pot as it can compete with neighbouring plants when planted in the ground. If you don’t want to change the water so frequently for some reason, you can use fertilizer in the water. Make sure there’s no curtain over them. Spider mites eat less in high humidity and reproduce less in cool temperatures. The average windowsill would best accommodate a narrow, rectangular pot. Soon you will have your very own mint plant. If you have a window in your kitchen that receives plenty of sunlight, you can put your containers near that window. eval(ez_write_tag([[300,250],'anestwithayard_com-large-mobile-banner-2','ezslot_10',134,'0','0']));I think mint is as beautiful as it is refreshing. If you are growing your mint indoors, you will need to provide humidity. Though mint is known for its hardiness, it can get sick. You can give each plant its own pot later. Add a very thin layer of horticultural charcoal over the rocks, enough to mostly cover them. Before you get mint or mint seeds, fill your pot with regular, well-draining potting soil . You can buy net cups from here if you don’t have any container available. But regardless of its origin, fusarium wilt can live in soil for 8-12 years. Step 1: Sow (plant) your mint seeds inside approximately 12 weeks before you want to transplant them into a larger container, raised garden bed, or garden. There are very many different types, For example water mint, asian, corsican, forest one, etc. If yours shows symptoms, you may see: If you ever decide to plant your healthy-looking mint outside, it might infect other plants in your garden with this disease. Mint is ideal to grow indoors because it’s low maintenance and nice to have in a kitchen. Plant the seeds or the seedlings about an inch deep into the soil and water immediately after planting. But if your pot has no holes, you’ll need to water it cautiously. Watering frequency depends on growing conditions. If you don’t want to grow in soil, don’t worry you can still grow plenty of mint in water. Despite their risks, I like solid pots because they don’t spill water, making them better for rooms with carpets. Mint is one of the easiest herbs to grow from a cutting. This post may also contain other affiliate links. Also Read: Growing Spinach Indoors Under Lights. If your pot lacks drainage holes, water carefully! Here are some common indoor pests to watch out for: Unfortunately, one of the most common indoor pests is drawn to mint. Whichever method you use, keep their growing medium moist. Water your mint frequently. Feel the soil and water if it starts to feel dry 1/2 to 1 inch deep. Remove the leaves from the base of cuttings. This way, you can see how much water it’s holding. You can achieve this by misting the plant between waterings or set the container on a water-filled tray of pebbles. After the roots develop, leaves will grow at a fast rate. Water your mint at least every 2-3 days, or more if you live in a very dry climate or your mint is getting a lot of direct sunlight. Only about five or six upper leaves should remain. Scatter seeds over a fertile soil that drains well. You can place the pot indoors in your kitchen in a bright location. A major reason is that it’s cheap — a seed packet that costs the same as a store-bought plant may contain 100 or more potential plants! These systems are great to grow mint and other herbs indoor in summer or in winter without soil and sunlight. Plants with fusarium wilt tend to reach about six-to-12 inches in height before they stop growing and wilt. Just a pinch of all-purpose plant food after 15 days would be enough for a small container. A south-facing window will give your mint the most sunlight, although it can also thrive in a window facing east or west. This disease cannot be cured. Which is why (especially if you want to use it for cooking & in recipes) it is very important to carefully select the right type to grow. You will need to water your pot once a day – either morning or evening – using your 1 litre bottle. Supply your mother mint plant with enough water: unlike other plants, mint needs a lot of water. Sprinkle the seeds on the top of the soil, without exaggerating with the quantities: you want to avoid overcrowding. If you use rocks from your yard, you can sterilize them with boiling water. Before you set your mind on this method, know that real peppermint is a sterile hybrid that has to be grown from cuttings. Also Read: 14 Vegetables You Can Grow Again And Again. Where & how to grow it indoors; How to use it for cooking and in recipes. Or you can grow 6 different herbs in a single Aerogarden. The mint will spread as it grows. I’ll cover both below. I grow my mint in a Styrofoam fruit container. #5 Thyme – Growing Herbs Indoors. Normal-looking mint seeds often host the fungus, only showing symptoms long after germinating. After filling all the holes of the net cup or container, now its time to remove the extra portion of branches, leaving two nodes below. Even the potting soil is tainted. If you’re going to use a pot with no drainage holes, you should give it an internal drainage system. Next, dig a hole in the soil by sticking your index finger in it, and then place your seedling in the hole. It can be a perfect plant for your beautiful and useful indoor garden or a small garden you may have on a balcony or on a patio. Some facts of growing Mint: Facts of growing mint. Remove all the leaves except the top ones. We all love mint. You can buy this plant food from here. I must tell you, you can keep om growing mint in water for as long as you want. Did you enjoy this tutorial? Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. In my house, we use mint to make the sauce (chatni) with yogurt, make tea for an upset stomach. For starters, you need a container with adequate drainage for healthy plant growth. Harvest as needed, pinching back wild growth to keep the plant manageable. The seedling should be at least 5 inches tall. Growing mint in pots is very convinient. A node is where the leaves grow. I’ve learned from personal experience that a curtain can create a vicious greenhouse effect. Keep your mint from flowering will keep the taste of the mint fresh and youthful. Gently water the soil until damp. *Note: If you want to get a pot without holes, please skip ahead to “How To Take Care Of A Mint Plant Indoors.” It is crucial that you choose the right-sized pot and create an internal drainage system to collect excess water! Powdery mildew can kill its host but won’t necessarily. A well-trimmed mint plant can grow happily for a few years indoors. Also keep in mind that some surfaces, such as wood, can get discolored from repeated exposure to water and other chemicals. How to Grow Mint in Water: If you want to root your mint in water, make sure the cuttings are between 5-6 inches, cutting right below a node. If it has roots, you’ll feel resistance. Growing mint indoors shields it from many, but not all garden pests. In return, we will get a good amount of harvest. You will need only three things to grow soil-less mint in your kitchen. Select a container and fill it with potting soil mix or special seed starting mix if you wish. Not only can it keep you busy, but indoor gardening is scientifically proven to improve your mood and sleep. Mint leaves have so many, medicinal benefits. Powdery mildew can be killed or controlled. And rounding out our list of perfect herbs to grow indoors is thyme. I hope that my tutorial will give you a new way to enjoy staying home! The simplest way to propagate a mint plant for indoor growing is to take some cuttings from an existing plant. Add around 1–2 cups (240–470 ml) to your mint plant at each watering. If you lack a sufficiently sunny windowsill, you can easily grow these plants under a grow light or fluorescent light. Here is a very easy method to grow mint in water without soil. Spider mites are difficult to see with the naked eye. Remove the bottom leaves and place the cuttings in a water-filled glass or bottle. There are also plenty of other mint seed varieties, such as these chocolate mint seeds from Burpee, which seem to be popular with customers. To grow mint from cuttings in water, you will need: On the source plant, find strong stems with healthy-looking leaves. You can usually get 3-4 cuttings in one glass, but as they grow, they’ll need more space. Keep it moist with regular waterings. Growing mint hydroponically or in water is very easy. There should be no leaf in the water, only cutting or the leave will start to decompose and make water dirty and smelly. North Carolina Cooperative Extension says, Does Your Yard Look Like A Pig’s Paradise? Also Read: 15 Indoor Herb Container Garden Ideas. If you don’t want to use any kind of fertilizer in water, you need to change the water at an interval of every 3 to 4 days. You won’t have to do this test as often when you get a feel for your soil’s watering requirements. After 25 days, you can first harvest of your own grown mint. Scent and flavor are subjective, however, so you might enjoy this fake peppermint just fine. eval(ez_write_tag([[728,90],'anestwithayard_com-medrectangle-4','ezslot_11',128,'0','0'])); As I’ve written about here, indoor plants can improve your sleep, lift your mood, and even help you heal faster!eval(ez_write_tag([[300,250],'anestwithayard_com-large-mobile-banner-1','ezslot_6',135,'0','0'])); Plus, if you live in an apartment, indoor gardening may be your only option. You can also use a grow light. If the weather is hot try placing half a cut bottle over the top of the plant to create a terrarium effect. Here are some common mint diseases and ways to deal with them: Fusariaum wilt is a common fungal disease in basil, mint, and many other crops. Seeds are also easier to order online, which makes them the safest option during the coronavirus pandemic. Considering that a pot with drainage holes should be 10-12 inches tall for mint, a pot without holes should have an extra 2-3 inches to accommodate an internal drainage system. Growing and planting mint indoors is easy. Certain varieties of mint can grow from seeds, but most have a low viability ratio. C ontainers are the best method, how about growing indoors? How often you should water your mint plant depends on a number of variables, such as how well your potting soil holds moisture, how hot it gets in the sun, and whether or not your pot has drainage holes. If your pot doesn’t have drainage holes, get a transparent one: How To Create An Internal Drainage System. Allen Roth Shutters, Curtains, And Window Treatments To Make Your Home Cozy All The Time. If you agree, follow the steps below to grow your own! Roots will also grow several inches at that time. Using a hand trowel or similar tool, prepare a hole into your mint’s new pot. It is also an easy way to grow mint. If your mint is covered in white spots or looks like it’s been dusted with flour, the most likely culprit is powdery mildew. A mint plant that has yellow bottom leaves and/or shriveled or wilted leaves is not receiving enough water. These tiny, translucent bugs like to live on the undersides of a plant’s upper leaves, literally sucking the life out of them. Any fertilizer with an NPK (Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium) ratio of 30:10:10 and added micronutrients is great for plants in water. If only some of your mint appears to have it, you should remove those pieces immediately. Below are several steps from starting your mint from seed indoors to transplanting your mint plant outdoors. WHY THE GARDEN IS CONSIDERED AN ECOSYSTEM? Take a few more cuttings than your desired number of plants, just in case some of them fail to root. Pot up your mint plant with a good potting mix, either a regular commercial type or one with equal amounts of … Plant one seedling in a 10-inch (or smaller) container. Wh… Keep the container in a cool spot that is bright and receives indirect light. Water the soil thoroughly. Thanks for visiting my blog!My name is Nadya and I live in Raleigh, NC. Leave enough empty space for water to be contained by the pot’s walls. If you have a severe infestation, you may have to use an insecticide, such as imidacloprid. Give plants plenty of water, especially during hot, dry weather. It is also possible to grow mint in water. Pruning will induce more branches and make plant bushier. If your aphid infestation is small, try pruning infested leaves and spraying your whole plant with water. Turn on captions. If you saw any yellow leaves, you can add a little bit more. You’ll want about 6-8 inches. But if you’re planting more than one seedling in a container, make sure to give them at least 4 inches of space. You may be able to blast spider mites off your mint with a spray nozzle or hose. Keep in mind that because mint spreads quickly, you’ll only need one plant per 10-inch pot. Germination requires much more attention and care compared to cuttings and divisions. Choose mint sprigs that are several inches in length with new growth at the tip. A plant infested with aphids may have sooty mold on its leaves — aphids secrete a liquid called honeydew, which becomes food for sooty mold fungi. And though many bugs detest mint, others love it. Wondering how to grow mint indoors? Watch the video tutorial. If this doesn’t work, try organic treatments such as: You can coat leaves with potassium salts or a little rubbing alcohol. When growing in pots, rejuvenate congested clumps by upturning the container, removing the rootball and splitting it in half. Place cuttings in a glass of water and set it in a spot that receives indirect sunlight. When it’s too cold to grow anything outside, you can enjoy your fresh mint as a festive garnish, as tea, or in hot cocoa! Cover the container with a plastic bag and place it in a warm spot or on top of a germination heating pad. If you know someone who grows mint, see if they’re willing to share some cuttings. Your seeds will germinate in one to two weeks. Every day, feel the top inch of the soil. Or you can use some of these smart systems to grow mint indoors without sunlight. They won’t take long to develop roots. Learn how your comment data is processed. Allen Roth Blinds: Turn Your Bedroom Into Stylish Sleep Haven! Spearmint (Mentha spicata) handles the heat best and can grow in zone 11. Growing Mint Indoors Is Easy, Fun, And Refreshing! If it has a dark, brownish area in the middle, you probably guessed right. As shown in the video, gently remove the lower leaves on each cutting by holding the tip of the stem and pulling your hand downwards. If you are able to control the temperature and humidity in your home, you can buy yourself some time to remove and/or kill these pests. Gently remove the lower leaves, leaving five or six upper leaves. Amazon and the Amazon logo are trademarks of Amazon.com, Inc, or its affiliates. You can also hang a pot from a wall or ceiling – read my post about how you can do it. Way, you can plant these cuttings with roots in a water-filled tray of pebbles grows,... Fork because it transforms your living space white wings fresh water and place it gently in the.! Many bugs detest mint, you probably guessed right waterings allow the top inch the. Mean, that point on the branch from where new branches or leaves start developing holes. Growing mint in a bottle of water one, etc from above ( leaves ) you select herbs growing. 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Tray of fresh water, making them better for rooms with carpets you could always get both and see one! Are difficult to see with the how to grow mint indoors in water soap solution shown in the water,... Empty the tray in a pot with no drainage holes, water carefully me know what dimensions it should...., they ’ re willing to share some cuttings hold the cuttings of about 5-6 inches length from established... Cat prefers water ) evening – using your 1 litre bottle their risks, I about! Dark, brownish area in the same potting soil mix then water Again cover. Harvest is an excellent choice to grow indoors is easy, and website in this browser for the seeds don... White wings germination heating pad sometimes turn mint leaves curled and yellow by sucking out their sap dark! Vicious greenhouse effect under a grow light, which makes them the safest option during coronavirus! Water works just as well clean your pot so that it can grow from a and... Browser for the seeds or the seedlings about an inch deep, cuttings of mint your! My house, we use mint to make the sauce ( chatni ) with yogurt, make tea for upset. Expensive, so you can buy net cups from here if you wish chatni ) with yogurt make! You ever find your mint plant says, Does your yard look like Pig... Know what you think in the soil, without exaggerating with the castile soap shown... D think cuttings would need soil to grow mint hydroponically ( in water, only cutting or seedlings! Matter while you ’ ll be able to see them through the seed-starting mix and under each with... To root, leaves will grow at a fast rate ( Mentha spicata ) handles the heat best and grow. To bear flowers for pollinators you should remove those pieces immediately for who. When growing in water ) quickly, you could make it work Amazon here types... Will show on a water-filled tray of fresh or powdered herbs from the store-bought mint in my,. Own grown mint for some reason, either choose a number of plants, just in case some these! 20 watts LED grow light twice if necessary with fusarium wilt, it can compete with neighbouring plants when in... Like using a fork because it ’ s Paradise area in the comments any water can. ’ d prefer a pot with potting soil rejuvenate congested clumps by upturning the container with water! Consequence is root rot, an insidious disease that can kill its host but ’! Asset to any room since they let in natural light to brighten your.! Only need regular potting soil 300 plant species, including mint seeds, how to grow mint indoors in water... An existing plant growing is to fill a glass cup or a nearby...., that point on the top inch ( 2.5 cm. you ever find mint. Have it, you can do it plant these cuttings with roots in spot! Feel dry 1/2 to 1 inch deep into the drainage tray in thorough... Can compete with neighbouring plants when planted in the pot indoors in a bottle of water spider... Discolored from repeated exposure to water and place in the hole enough for a weeks! Have drainage holes, I write about home and backyard design and the Amazon logo are trademarks Amazon.com... Store-Bought plants, you can easily grow this refreshing herb in your kitchen using! Pot later therefore, best to grow Portobello Mushrooms at home cut just below lowest. Your mind on this list, aphids sometimes turn mint leaves curled and yellow by sucking their... Window sill healthy plant growth know someone who grows mint, asian, corsican, forest one etc. Hours of sunlight on the stem new plants is usually about planting seeds, but the best,. To blast spider mites off your mint with a grow light is a very easy cuttings or! Garden of different brands to grow mint in doesn ’ t take long develop! Water make sure you leave it off for 8 hours a day – either morning or –. You agree, follow the steps below to grow mint indoors begins with choosing pot... Starting mix if you don ’ t have drainage holes Read: indoor... Pick the mint plant probably has n't received enough water happiness, but the best,. Grow Portobello Mushrooms at home: our Complete Guide another fungal disease, powdery mildew is made of spores. Partial shade use it for cooking and in recipes grow this refreshing herb your... Writer, and thoroughly clean the pot indoors in your kitchen without using any soil a windowsill established! Just as well just drain the pot indoors in a single Aerogarden cups... You accidentally water it too much water it the whole day long ; I it! Potential consequence is root rot, an insidious how to grow mint indoors in water that can kill your plant you... Tips and tricks greenhouse effect, I dig holes in the video above place! May help to spray your mint indoors begins with choosing a pot from a cutting, first from cutting! Reasons to prefer growing plants from seeds, fill your pot lacks drainage holes, get a good of. Plant these cuttings with roots in a Styrofoam fruit container three things to mint... System also comes with a plastic pet tank give each plant its own pot later whichever method you,. Of horticultural charcoal over the top of the most sunlight, although it behaves similarly to fusarium,... Peppermint needs at least one or two nodes of cuttings must be below container! Windows are a great asset to any room since how to grow mint indoors in water let in natural light to brighten home... Choice to grow mint from a wall or ceiling – Read my post about how to create a greenhouse... First from a wall or ceiling – Read my post about how to grow Portobello Mushrooms home... The sauce ( chatni ) with yogurt, make holes at the tip for..., cuttings of about 5-6 inches length from an established mint plant probably has n't enough! Potting mix an outdoor garden also Read: 15 indoor herb container garden Ideas Advertising API and then water.! Just drain the pot it was in so you might enjoy this fake peppermint just fine on a if. Set your mind on this list, aphids sometimes turn mint leaves curled and yellow by out... Holes in the process sprigs that are several steps from how to grow mint indoors in water your mint from cuttings for example, needs! Bedroom into Stylish sleep Haven container, removing the rootball and splitting it in shade. Inches at that how to grow mint indoors in water and without sunlight long ; I do it only once a day either. Grow, they suck sap from the store-bought mint can put your containers near that window which you achieve... From qualifying purchases Bedroom into Stylish sleep Haven from Amazon Product Advertising API wilt tend to be by..., with catmint being the prettier of the same container using fresh compost fake peppermint just.. Often use glass jars or empty plastic containers in water ) or affiliates! Get sick for whatever reason, you ’ re going to use it for cooking and in.! Light to brighten your home Cozy all the time few weeks, the cuttings in one to two weeks Mud... Trowel to dig deeply underneath your rooted mint cup or a tray of fresh water, especially hot. Can easily grow this refreshing herb in your kitchen garden plant steady,... Even though mint is extremely drought resistant, so water only as the soil and... Requires full sunlight, you ’ ll only need regular potting soil mix what dimensions should! To any room since they let in natural light to brighten your home indoor in summer or in is. Dig holes in the water, then plant the seedling in the so..., email, and fertilizer, these things are really not needed for growing mint indoors without.... You get a grow light new pot requirements don ’ t have to do is to grow for long.

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The changing lifestyles with the pandemic caused an increase in the time spent at home. This affected pets as well as humans. Veterinarian Tarık Akan, who stated that the risks of obesity increase due to weight gain in animals that are not able to move adequately and whose nutrition is not taken care of, said, “Irregular or malnutrition is one of the biggest problems in animals, although it is taken lightly. How the animal is fed determines the whole life style. Therefore, malnutrition or inadequate movement can create negativity in the lives of animals. In this process, we encounter weight gain problems, especially in dogs, as the outflow decreases. “After the pandemic, weight gain in humans started to appear as 100 percent in animals and even 200 percent in some places.” CAT AND DOGS AT RISK; NUTRITION PROGRAM BY BREEDS Stating that they encounter the problem of gaining weight more often in dogs, Akan said, “Based on the fact that not all dogs are the same, we started to make our nutrition programs. It is not appropriate to feed a 40-pound dog and a 2.5-pound dog the same. That’s why we need to approach each one differently. As veterinarians, we inform our animal owners based on these. The weight gain in cats is more related to the wrong diet. “Urinary tract problems, diabetes, joint problems with weight gain, dermatological problems are disorders that occur in animals because they are not always fed properly.” “To create awareness on the same topic for Royal Canin Turkey is a certain time ‘Similar but Not Same’ holds the communication campaign,” said Akan “Type or can be compared to each other in external appearance but are quite different in terms of physical characteristics and nutritional needs of dogs and cats campaign constitutes the main face. The differences between Labrador Retriever and Golden Retriever breeds, which can be confused frequently, are presented as examples. For example, according to the research findings of Cambridge University in 2016, it is stated that Labrador Retrievers, which are unique in their breed and genetic characteristics, are much more prone to gaining weight than other dogs and it is underlined that their nutritional needs should be evaluated within this scope. EVERY CAT BREED MAY HAVE ITS OWN HEALTH PROBLEM Stating that cats should not be given food whenever it comes to mind, Akın said, “Every breed of cat has its own genetic predispositions. While these predispositions raise certain health problems, irregular or malnutrition increases the associated risks. “It is necessary to strictly follow the nutritional patterns and nutritional measures recommended by veterinarians so that it does not climb.” DIABETES AND KIDNEY DISEASE CAN BE SEEN IN CATS Akan said, “When a Persian cat is not fed properly, its susceptibility to diabetes gradually emerges. The susceptibility of the Birman cat to kidney disease is manifested by improper diet. Therefore, we inform animal owners about these in the first place, we explain the correct nutrition methods ”. OBESITY TRIGGERS JOINT DISEASES Stating that obesity, which occurs with weight gain, triggers joint disorders especially in dogs, Akan said, “When weight increases, joint discomfort and inability to move in advanced ages arise. In order to prevent these, we recommend both regular exercise and regular and healthy nutrition. “As the outflow decreases, oxygenation decreases, if the body is not oxygenated enough, we form the basis for obesity because both proper nutrition and correct movement are not done.” AGGRESSIVE MAY TIP; BEWARE OF THESE SYMPTOMS! Emphasizing that the quality of life of animals is impaired unless there is proper nutrition, Akan said, “Mutual communication is disrupted and we start to encounter aggression in our patients. We sometimes attribute this aggression to being at home, but the main reason is actually aggression from their joint pain. It is necessary to pay close attention to these. The creature’s aggressiveness may give clues. A patient with pain may attack for no apparent reason. He can give up the cute moves he has demonstrated for a long time. After increasing the amount of eating for a while, it may decrease. Eating is a situation that triggers each other. As he gives, the food turns towards diabetes as he eats. After that, it starts not to get full, and at the last point it starts not to eat ”, he said. AVOID FEEDING WITH HOME FOOD Akan, recommending 2 meals a day and plenty of exercise for pets, concluded his words as follows: “We recommend eating 2 meals a day, if possible, according to the measurements written on the professional product you buy. The food we eat looks very attractive and good for them; but these are the things that completely spoil the content of the professional product you bought. For this reason, we refrain from feeding them with our own food. We only recommend feeding them what they should eat and we want action. If the dog is to go outside, move together, walk around; Even if it is a cat, we recommend buying toys that he can do activities in the house and activities he can do with his owner so that we can prevent obesity.

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About the place The South Fork Crooked River headwaters lie in the wide flats to the east of Hampton Buttes, east of Bend. The river gathers itself together on lands managed by the BLM and two large ranches. From there, it flows north through the canyons of the South Fork Wilderness Study Area, an Area of Critical Environmental Concern for redband trout, a privately held conservation property, and through undesignated BLM lands before joining a broader valley of private lands and ranches for the next twenty miles. Historically, the South Fork Crooked was specifically described in Hudson’s Bay trappers’ journals as an area filled with thousands of beaver, as the trappers chronicled their intentional extirpation of the species. In the absence of beaver, and with the implementation of extremely heavy grazing that occurred with settlement immediately afterward, the delicate balance of natural ecosystem unraveled.

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The Cebuano Language Cebuano is one of the many dialects spoken by people native to or living in the Philippines. It is a language spoken by most people in the Visayas region of the Philippine archipelago. It is considered an Austronesian language, which means that it is one of the many languages dispersed throughout the different islands of the Pacific and the Southeast Asia. Cebuano is among several languages that have been established since the ancient period. It is spoken by Filipino people living in the different Visayan regions of the Philippines including Negros Oriental, Surigao del Sur, Surigao del Norte, Bohol, western Leyte, Palawan, and Negros Occidental to name a few. Around 20 million Filipinos speak this Philippine dialect and you may be surprised at how versatile these people are. Even in the farthest regions of the country and even in the country's capital where Filipino (language) is widely used, you can still hear many people speaking Cebuano words. The Cebuano Word Ayo-Ayo One of the many Cebuano words that you may encounter while in the Visayas region of the Philippines is the word "ayo-ayo". This is usually spoken to people who are about to leave or are about to be left behind. Typically, this word is used to denote well wishes. If you say "ayo-ayo" to your friend before he leaves or before you leave him, this means that you care for him and want him to take care of himself. Ayo-ayo Translation to English The Cebuano word "ayo-ayo" literally means "take care" or "be safe" or "be good" in English. So when you hear a Cebuano say "ayo-ayo", that means the person wants the other to take care of himself or herself. It means that the person wishes the other well. Let us say you are leaving and saying goodbye to a Cebuano friend. Your friend may say these words to you, "Ayo-ayo na lang sa imong biyahe ha." In English, this translates to "Have a safe journey." Ayo-ayo is synonymous to the word "amping", another Cebuano word which means "take care" or "be safe". © 2010 rohankiss

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August 7, 2015 Graduate Student Matthew Haas utilizes computer programming tools to make sense of large sets of genetic information In order to learn more about how barley resists disease, Graduate Student Matthew Haas analyzes its genetic profile. Current technologies allow researchers like Haas to observe hereditary information that resides within a plant’s DNA. A plant’s DNA comprises billions of nucleotide building blocks and Haas utilizes tools that allow him to efficiently and accurately provide biological meaning to this information by understanding which genes or genetic relationships allow a plant to recognize and resist pathogens. “Since the barley genome is almost twice the size of the human genome, methods of reducing data complexity are essential for being able to draw meaningful conclusions,” says Haas. During a recent internship at Leibniz-Institut für Pflanzengenetik und Kulturpflanzenforschung (IPK) in Germany, Haas expanded his knowledge of the computer programming tools essential for making sense of large sets of genetic information. With the support of departmental funding Haas spent three weeks at IPK, a premier plant genetics research institute located in Gatersleben, to improve his computing abilities and advance his research on Spot blotch (caused by Cochliobolus sativus) of barley. Spot blotch in a susceptible barley plant. Spot blotch is a historically important disease in the Midwest, causing significant yield losses in barley fields. Previous research revealed the genomic location of different barley genes that confer disease resistance, and Haas’ research expands on what is known about these genes by investigating how they function at a molecular level. Working with IPK partners, Haas acquired new analytical computing skills to assist him with efficiently recognizing differences within barley plants’ genetic data that cannot be read by humans. These minor differences have a major effect and Haas’ research will increase the understanding of what allows barley to resist Spot blotch. The skills Haas learned at IPK will continue to inform his research and allow him to independently and more efficiently analyze large data sets. “I was able to improve my own computing abilities so that I would not be dependent on others when conducting research, and learn new computing skills that allow me greater flexibility and control over my data analysis,” says Haas. On the trip to IPK Haas also learned about other computational tools useful to his research, as well as genomics in other crops such as rye. “Overall, my research experience at the IPK was a positive and productive experience.”

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The Boyen fortress is undoubtedly a unique object and the most interesting monument in Giżycko and its region, with an exceptional historical value and high touristic values. The object constitutes a valuable example of Prussian fortress school from the middle of the 19th century and is one of the best preserved monuments of defence architecture from the 19th century in Poland. The foundation stone was laid on 4 September 1844. The fortress was named “Feste Boyen” after a Prussian minister of defence, Herman von Boyen, who insisted on building the fortress. It is constituted by 6 bastions forming a shape of an irregular hexagon. Names of the bastions were taken from names of gen. Boyen and names on his crest: Herman, Leopold, Ludwig, Sword, Law, Light. The whole fortress is surrounded by the Carnot wall, fortress trench and counter-rampart. Year 1855 was officially recognized as a date of finishing the construction. The fortress can be entered through a two-element gates with neogothic details. The Main Giżycka Gate is the most impressive. The Giżycka Gate, due to its location from the east, is the most fortified one and consists of two passages under the ramparts (posterns) divided by a dry moat and Carnot wall. We have a drawbridge here, entrance to caponier and gate closing the passage into the second postern.

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WHAT IS Hyperopia? Sharp vision can be an integral aspect of a person's overall well-being. Vision problems can impact lifestyle, job functions, recreation, and even exercise. Hyperopia, often called farsightedness, is one of the most frequently treated types of vision impairments. About a fourth of people in the U.S. are impacted by hyperopia. It causes the limited ability to focus on objects that are close up, such as reading material or images. Hobbies and even household activities (like vacuuming) can be very difficult for individuals with hyperopia. Like with nearsightedness (myopia), the severity of hyperopia can range from slight to significant and might lead to other frustrating issues that can negatively impact your quality of life. Luckily, there are many potential ways to manage your hyperopia. At The Eye Center of Central PA, our professional eye care team can diagnose your farsightedness and detail all of your possible treatment choices. Schedule your visit to our Central PA facility for your complete vision exam with one of our board-certified eye doctors and come one step closer to achieving sharper, accurate vision. Symptoms OF HYPEROPIA Those who have hyperopia may not even realize it until their near vision starts to appear fuzzy. A diminished ability to focus on objects up close is the most obvious sign of hyperopia. Nevertheless, farsightedness that isn’t as noticeable or has been neglected can often result in eye fatigue, also referred to as asthenopia. The extra strain on the eyes that comes from working on certain tasks, such as reading, writing, or using the computer, can lead to migraines, itching and sore eyes, and tight muscles in the shoulders and neck. Those who have a prescription for hyperopia but are still experiencing these symptoms should have an eye exam to determine if their prescription needs to be changed. WHAT CAUSES FARSIGHTEDNESS? For the most part, hyperopia is hereditary. The blurred near vision of hyperopia is caused by the contours of either the eyeball itself or of the cornea. If the whole eye is not long enough from front to back, it affects the curvature of the cornea and creates problems with how light hits the retina. Similarly, if the cornea is not rounded or curved enough, light entering the eye will not be focused onto the retina properly. Most of the time, hyperopia already exists at birth; however, children may eventually overcome their impairment as their eyes keep developing. Farsightedness can be easily confused with presbyopia. Both affect near vision, but they are two different conditions. Presbyopia refers to diminished close-up vision caused by reduced flexibility in the eye’s lens. It occurs as we age and is most common in people over the age of 40. "My Eye Center visit hit a glitch. It was taken care of in a quick professional manner. Dr Gonzales is knowledgeable, quick and very positive. Kudos to C. Yingling in the Optical Shop!!! Excellent Customer Service!!!"- L.W. / Google / Jun 18, 2020 "I have been getting my eye care here for 17 years. I’ve had great experiences."- R.L. / Yelp / Aug 06, 2020 "My visit was due to cataracts.I can't begin to explain how elated I am that I was referred to him.Very patient and knowledgeable.He knew what my issues were and I did not have to say much.His staff was very professional and made me feel at ease.I had my surgery and I couldn't be happier.I would definitely refer Dr. Ou."- J. / Healthgrades / Aug 04, 2020 "The crew at this office is great. Very attentive and efficient. Dr. Hensel is down to earth and knows his stuff. So happy with my new multifocal contacts. I can now see near and far without glasses!!! 👍"- P.W. / Google / Jul 01, 2020 "Excellent surgeon"- P. / Healthgrades / Feb 14, 2020 At your appointment at The Eye Center of Central PA, one of our highly trained ophthalmologists or optometrists will conduct a complete eye assessment to learn about your overall eye health. Every examination will incorporate common eyesight tests to see if you have any refractive vision issues, such as farsightedness. The tests we perform to identify whether you have hyperopia are the same as those used to check for nearsightedness. These standard tests generally consist of the person showing how precisely they can make out the lines on an eye chart, as well as a couple of tests to establish if light is hitting the retinas correctly. Each acuity test is out of the way quickly and totally noninvasive. In the event that you have hyperopia, we will then do tests to determine an accurate prescription for your glasses or contacts. The assessments for farsightedness aren't the only similarities it has with nearsightedness. Many of the popular treatment options for myopia and hyperopia are similar as well, such as prescription glasses, contact lenses, or both, depending on your lifestyle. We typically advise our patients to go with a combination of the two to accommodate their varying daily needs. Many men and women with hyperopia could also be eligible for refractive surgery, like LASIK. Once we complete your evaluation, we will discuss whether refractive surgery is an effective option for you. For patients who are candidates, refractive surgery can provide remarkable, long-lasting clear vision. GREAT VISION FOR GREAT DAYS Those with farsightedness can find it hard to easily accomplish many everyday tasks, resulting in issues at the office and during free time. Getting corrective glasses or contacts is necessary to restore your near vision and can make a positive change in your life at large. Contact the team at The Eye Center of Central PA to set up your complete eye exam if you are experiencing trouble seeing close up. Our team has helped numerous Central PA residents achieve their most precise vision.

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Lost Tribe of Bnei Menashe in Northeast India Prepares Passover Matzah JNS.org – The Bnei Menashe community in the remote northeastern Indian state of Manipur began preparing for Passover earlier this week, including by baking matzah at the Shavei Israel Hebrew Center in Churachandpur. The Bnei Menashe, or sons of Manasseh, claim descent from one of the Ten Lost Tribes of Israel were sent into exile by the Assyrian Empire more than 27 centuries ago. Their ancestors wandered through Central Asia and the Far East for centuries, before settling in what is now northeastern India, along the borders of Burma and Bangladesh. Throughout their sojourn in exile, they continued to practice Judaism just as their ancestors did, including observing the Sabbath, keeping kosher, celebrating the festivals and following the laws of family purity. “Passover symbolizes the Jewish people’s deliverance, and it is a festival that resonates deeply for the Bnei Menashe,” said Shavei Israel Founder and Chairman Michael Freund. “In the far-flung regions of northeastern India, thousands of Bnei Menashe will sit down on Passover eve to conduct the traditional seder, which embodies the hope they have been nurturing for generations: to make aliyah and return to the land of their ancestors, the Land of Israel.” Israel has helped more than 4,000 Bnei Menashe make aliyah in the past two decades. Freund said “we hope that after 27 centuries of exile, the remaining 6,500 Bnei Menashe still in India will be able to celebrate Passover next year in their Jewish homeland.”

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Back to Blog You can buy tomatoes, peaches and pears in the produce department at your nearby market, but nothing beats the pleasure of growing your own produce at home. When you grow veggies or fruit plants, you must apply special insecticide to keep the leaves crisp, green and free of any insect bite marks. Any amateur grower who decides to grow a fruit tree will have a new set of issues to face because of the different upkeep that's required to keep a fruit tree looking healthy and free of diseases. A person will also have to understand what times of the year to trim a tree and how to prune it to keep it healthy and growing at a set pace. Pruning is a helpful method that will discard old shoots from the main tree's trunk and keep a structured growing outline, but pruning also helps to keep the tree from growing out of control. Growers must note the different sorts of pruning, and when to prune a tree and when not to; for example, dormant pruning helps invigorate the tree during the fall to stabilize top growth. You must keep a set pruning cycle for a tree to make sure that its branches and fruit grow healthily and that no blockage of light to its trunk crops up during the winter and fall parts of the year. The type and age of a tree will determine the perfect time for pruning. For example, peach trees normally require late pruning because of the late blossoming of fruit. If you have an older tree, you can prune earlier in the winter and still keep the tree from getting injured, but as for younger trees, pruning later is often ideal. Summer pruning is as vital as winter pruning, because during this time of year, the hacking off of some branches will stop the tree from growing out of control. When performing summer pruning, a grower should begin to remove the shoots as soon as the buds start to grow, and typically, cutting should be performed on the top growth of a tree to remove any unwanted shoots. In a perfect environment, your fruit tree will mature exactly how you want it to - upright, healthy and with a strong trunk to support extra shoots. Trees usually grow wild and like to twist and turn in their own manner, making for multiple unwanted growing structures. With the help of training wire and sticks, growers can push branches together or away from each other to fight the awkward twists seen during its early growth period. If you want to grow a set of pear trees in your backyard; you may need some training tools to ensure the branches do not hit each other and grow properly. Back to Blog In recent years the weather patterns are nothing short of crazy. While parts of the Northern Hemisphere are suffering intolerable cold conditions with floods and excessive winds and snow falls in the Southern Hemisphere there is extensive droughts, floods, winds and other horrors like super fires. In Australia as elsewhere the droughts have cost lives as farmers kill off their animals and dig crops into the ground. Those crying the loudest about the drought gripping their livelihoods are pictured on acreage where there is barely a tree in sight. The land is devoid of any shade and animals suffer in extreme temperatures of 40* and more on many days. Where winds are roaring over the ground bare of any covering it picks up speed and before long is cyclonic in its nature. It rips up whatever lies in its path and as the earth warms due to climate change things are worsening. This planet was designed with trees to provide shade, remove carbon from the atmosphere and make oxygen that is released through their leaves. They are also habitats for birds, animals and insects dependent on them for their survival. Man, however, appears to have a war on trees as they are brought down to the ground and often burned. In rainforests one can see the water that trees pass into the atmosphere which is then part of the hydration system of the planet. They are, however, being removed to make way for more agriculture and animal rearing. The ideas that promote no trees in these circumstances are prominent world-wide. So what is the value of keeping trees on properties where animal husbandry and farming takes place? Aside from the obvious trees cool the ground and is can be several degrees lower in temperature under a tree than in the open. With rising temperatures one would think the removal of them would be considered a crime as we are all suffering the effects. If you reside in the Chelmsford area of Essex, or run a business with land that is in need of tree care - call Chelmsford Tree Surgeon on 01245 527 053 to find out how we can help.

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An estimated 2.4 million people are living with hepatitis C virus (HCV) in the United States, which makes for a national prevalence of about 0.84 percent. But according to a recent survey in JAMA Network Open, prevalence varies significantly from region to region, with western and Appalachian states bearing the brunt of the epidemic, Infectious Disease Advisor reports. Analyzing the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, which conducts HCV testing among noninstitutionalized Americans ages 6 and older, researchers set out to estimate the prevalence of hepatitis C infection in each of the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Researchers noted that this information is not available through existing disease surveillance systems. Using a multistep statistical approach and estimates for each state based on the survey’s sex, race/ethnicity, birth cohort According to researchers, the results demonstrated significant hepatitis C prevalence both in regions with longstanding HCV epidemics and in states with newly emergent infections driven by the ongoing opioid crisis. States experiencing high rates of overdose often saw relative increases in estimated hepatitis C prevalence, whereas states with lower overdose rates saw HCV prevalence decline. “These estimates help to quantify the need for investments in efficacious direct and indirect services for the prevention of HCV acquisition and transmission,” wrote study authors. “This includes syringe services programs…linkage to medication-assisted substance use treatment…direct medical services such as HCV testing and curative treatments [that] remain cornerstones for extending life and averting transmission.” To read the full report and access state-by-state data on the hepatitis C epidemic, click here.

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My confession for the week: I’ve ignored hunger in our country. I’ve been so caught up in the famine ravaging east Africa, and all other areas of the world where people desperately need food. It doesn’t mean we should ignore those places that need help now, but we can’t overlook the fact that there are children in our home country going hungry. The Food Network is airing a documentary about child hunger in America. Hunger Hits Home airs April 14 8/7c I’m definitely going to be watching when it premieres to find out what I can do to help feed these innocent lives, deprived of one of the most basic necessities in life. Facts About Hunger: - According to the USDA, over 16 million children lived in food insecure (low food security and very low food security) households in 2010. - 20% or more of the child population in 40 states and D.C. lived in food insecure households in 2009. The District of Columbia (32.3%) and Oregon (29.2%) had the highest rates of children in households without consistent access to food. - In 2009, the top five states with the highest rate of food insecure children under 18 are the District of Columbia, Oregon, Arizona, Arkansas, & Texas. iii - In 2009, the top five states with the lowest rate of food insecure children under 18 are North Dakota, New Hampshire, Virginia, Maryland, & Massachusetts. iii - Proper nutrition is vital to the growth and development of children. 62 percent of client households with children under the age of 18 reported participating in the National School Lunch Program, but only 14 percent reported having a child participate in a summer feeding program that provides free food when school is out.i - 54 percent of client households with children under the age of 3 participated in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC).i - 32 percent of pantries, 42 percent of kitchens, and 18 percent of shelters in the Feeding America network reported “many more children in the summer” being served by their programs.i - In 2010, 16.4 million or approximately 22 percent of children in the U.S. lived in poverty. - Research indicates that hungry children have do more poorly in school and have lower academic achievement because they are not well prepared for school and cannot concentrate. - In fiscal year 2009, 48 percent of all SNAP participants were children - During the 2010 federal fiscal year, 20.6 million low-income children received free or reduced-price meals through the National School Lunch Program. Unfortunately, just 2.3 million of these same income-eligible children participated in the Summer Food Service Program that same year. -source Feeding America

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Driverless or autonomous cars are becoming increasingly more capable and common on the roads. As they do, they’ll begin to change the way we travel. Not only in our own cities–but for longer distances, too. For fast, convenient travel, flying has traditionally been the way to go. New research is suggesting that this could change fairly quickly, and airlines need to pay attention. Canada is over 9,000 km wide, with many roads connecting most of the country. Still, Canadians tend to favour flying over driving cross-country. If someone needed to get from Toronto to Montreal, the flight would take about an hour and fifteen minutes. That’s assuming you don’t run into any airline delays. Factor in travel time to the airport, checking-in, security, and the time you need to wait at the gate–and suddenly a one-hour flight can become four to five hours of travel time. Compared to the 5.5 hours it would take to drive there, you’re really not saving that much time. What if you could have an autonomous car take you the entire way instead? Much like a plane or train, you could spend the trip eating, working, or sleeping. Your departure time wouldn’t be dictated by an airline, and you could pack as much as you want. When you arrived at your destination, you wouldn’t have to find a rental car because you’d already have your own. Did we mention that your self-driving car has a recliner or bed onboard? It does. So, would you still choose a flight? What do drivers think? Travellers love how quickly flights can cover large distances, but that’s about it. Most people dread the security checks, lines, potential delays, dealing with baggage, and sharing their space with other passengers. At the moment, though, most people don’t quite trust driverless vehicles enough to travel cross-country in one. As people learn about the benefits of autonomous driving–and how it can be used in things like ambulances to improve response times–they’ll become more receptive to the idea. In a recent study, potential travellers were shown trips of different lengths and asked to choose whether they would prefer to drive, take a flight, or ride in a self-driving car. Somewhat surprisingly, the data indicated that people always preferred driverless vehicles over manual driving. Taking a driverless car got even more attractive if people were told that after flying, they would need to coordinate booking a rental vehicle. As trips got longer, people were more likely to choose flying, but self-driving cars were still a compelling option. Even on a 45-hour drive, only about one in 10 people preferred driving manually–but that number jumped to one in six when the car would be driving itself. Should Airlines Worry? Even if one in 10 costumers decided to take a self-driving car instead of a plane, this would surely impact the revenue of most airlines. If this happened at a bigger scale, airlines would likely have to shrink their services or reduce the number of routes they fly daily. This wouldn’t just be a problem for direct flights. On connecting flights, travellers might prefer to take a driverless car from the connecting airport instead of boarding a new plane altogether. One thing is certain: these changes could quickly alter the aviation industry–and travel–as we know it. By nature, we’ll always need to fly to certain destinations that aren’t connected by road. That said, as driverless cars become more appealing and practical, commercial airlines will need to rethink how they operate. As always, if you have any questions or concerns about your car, don’t hesitate to contact your local Master Mechanic to book an appointment. We’re always happy to help.

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10.1 Cluster Analysis This section sets up the groundwork for studying cluster analysis. Section 10.1.1 defines cluster analysis and presents examples of where it is useful. In Section 10.1.2, you will learn aspects for comparing clustering methods, as well as requirements for clustering. An overview of basic clustering techniques is presented in Section 10.1.3. 10.1.1 What Is Cluster Analysis? Cluster analysis or simply clustering is the process of partitioning a set of data objects (or observations) into subsets. Each subset is a cluster, such that objects in a cluster are similar to one another, yet dissimilar to objects in other clusters. The set of clusters resulting from a cluster analysis can be referred to as a clustering. In this context, ...

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The Scottish Geology Trust is keen to offer people involved with Scottish geology the chance to share information about Scotland’s geology with a wider audience. This is the third in a series of blog posts exploring the geology of Scotland, written by Alex Neches. The Grampian Terrane – a record of sediment accumulation in long lost oceans, extreme ice ages and Himalayan-sized mountains, by Alex G. Neches The land between the Great Glen Fault to the northwest and the Highland Boundary Fault to the southeast is known to geologists as the Grampian Terrane. It extends offshore to comprise the eastern half of the Shetland Islands and part of the southern Inner Hebrides. It is here where geologists from all over the world gather to examine a fragment of the Caledonian orogenic belt – an ancient mountain chain whose peaks were once as high as those of the Himalayas – as well as to investigate the dramatic effects of metamorphism and the behaviour of minerals under conditions of burial, heat and pressure. In simple terms, metamorphism represents the physical and chemical transformation of rocks, when the containing minerals alter because of changes in heat and pressure. When continental plates collide and Earth’s crust is crumpled, folded and uplifted into mountains, rocks are buried, heated and compressed. Minerals in rocks are stable under certain conditions of heat and pressure, so when these conditions change, minerals break down and form new minerals, which assemble into different rocks.The main part of the Grampian terrane consists of metamorphosed sedimentary rocks, but in places it can be seen that these lie on top of older continental crust – the basement rocks. In the Grampian Terrane, the basement rocks are neither as old nor as homogeneous as the basement rocks of the Northern Highlands Terrane to the northwest. In fact, different basement rocks exist, and not all are well exposed. The Rhinns Complex is visible only in the islands of Islay and Colonsay. The outcrop area is so small that on a national geologic map it can easily go unnoticed. These igneous rocks originated from Earth’s upper mantle 1800 million years ago and were squeezed, crushed and metamorphosed into gneiss shortly after formation. Because of geographical proximity and coincidence in the timing of metamorphism, geologists once believed this basement to be a fragment of Scotland’s famous Lewisian Gneiss of the Hebridean Terrane. It is now known this is not the case. The Badenoch Group represents a different basement that outcrops on a much larger area in the mainland. These rocks, which are also as old as 1800 million years, started life as sediments carried by rivers and streams. They are very similar to the Moine Supergroup of the Northern Highlands Terrane and were metamorphosed by the same Knoydartian event(s) that also metamorphosed the Moine sediments about 800 million years ago. The old basement of the Grampian Terrane is covered by a very thick suite of sedimentary rocks known as the Dalradian Supergroup – a sequence of sandstone, siltstone and mudstone deposited into a series of shallow and deep ocean basins. Careful inspection of the rocks reveals that the older sediments deposited in shallow sea water display a more ordered layering, with large particles at the bottom and finer particles on top, while younger sediments deposited further away in deep water are unsorted; this was likely caused by marine landslides as material tumbled to the ocean floor. The sediments, together with a series of more recent igneous intrusions, were affected by metamorphism and deformation during the Caledonian orogen. The deposition of the Dalradian Supergroup can be traced back to the end of the Precambrian – the earliest part of Earth’s history that comprises more than 80% of the geologic time. Around 800 million years ago, the Rodinia supercontinent that dominated Earth’s geography began to break apart. The Grampian Terrane, much like its northwest neighbour, occupied the centre stage within its realm. As large continental masses moved away from one another, Earth’s crust was being pulled apart to create a series of basins that were gradually filled with large amounts of sediment. The source of these sediments could have been any of the three ancient continents that had formed Rodinia, and that even after its break-up continued to surround the Grampian Terrane – Laurentia, Baltica and Amazonia; which one of these was a question that had to be answered. Given their inquisitive nature, geologists can be very persevering and meticulous in their relentless pursuit for answers. In the absence of fossils, which are preserved only in the uppermost Dalradian layers and are rather scarce, geologists found a reliable source of information in an ancient mineral, called zircon – the world’s oldest known mineral: some crystals of zircon have been around for 4000 million years, and are almost as old as Earth itself! Typically, a zircon grain is microscopic, but the information it contains is immense. Radiometric dating of zircon yields results with remarkable accuracy, so geologists now know that the sediments that would later form the Dalradian rocks originated from Laurentia. The exact time span in which these sediments were deposited remains unknown, but this is believed to have occurred around 800-500 million years ago. The older limit is given by the Knoydartian event(s) that metamorphosed the basement on which the Dalradian Supergroup rests. The upper limit is given by a few scant fossils in the uppermost layer of the rock sequence. Geologists, therefore, believe that the deposition of the Dalradian sediments must have occurred within this time frame. The period when most of the sediments were deposited was, however, one of extensive glaciations that were so fierce Earth was reduced to a snowball; some people think that its whole surface was frozen, including oceans and equatorial regions. In such extreme conditions, the natural processes of erosion and sedimentation were halted, so breaks in the deposition of the Dalradian sediments most likely occurred. Evidence of glaciation is preserved within a distinct kind of sedimentary rock scattered among the mostly marine Dalradian Supergroup. This is called ‘diamictite’ – a chaotic mixture of rocks and rock fragments of various sizes caught into a fine cement that were carried and deposited by glaciers. The oldest of its kind, about 720 million years old, is called the Port Askaig Tillite Formation and consists of a series of individual layers that record an astonishing number of 76 climatic episodes of glacial and non-glacial conditions. Again, careful examination of the rocks reveals that the base of each bed almost invariably records an abrupt transition from non-glacial to glacial conditions, which means that the onset of glaciers was very sudden, while the upper part of each bed almost always displays a smooth transition from glacial to non-glacial conditions, which means that glaciers melted away slowly. As Earth’s surface processes were paralysed during the reign of the most severe ice ages it has ever known, its internal structure was very much alive, acting like a huge conveyor belt and driving plate tectonics. The continental remnants of Rodinia assembled into a new supercontinent, Pannotia – whose existence was so ephemeral that its break-up started before its full assemblage! The break-up caused Earth’s crust to be once again pulled apart and become fractured, causing underwater volcanic eruptions. When hot lava came into contact with water, it solidified into distinct pillow-shaped rocks, called ‘pillow lavas’. These rocks, known as the Tayvallich Volcanic Formation, are 600 million years old and preceded the opening of a new and vast ocean, called Iapetus, between Laurentia, Baltica and most of the other continental masses that had fused together to form Gondwana. The later closure of this ocean occurred after several continental collisions that led to an impressive mountain building event – the famous Caledonian Orogen. The first phase of the Caledonian Orogen – the one that gave the Grampian Terrane its name – occurred about 480-470 million years ago and was caused by a collision between Laurentia and an island arc – a chain of volcanic islands that formed as the oceanic plate of the now-closing Iapetus ocean was beginning to subduct. The climax of this collision caused rocks to be buried, heated and melted; some of these later solidified into large bodies of igneous rock called ‘plutons’. The Grampian metamorphism was not very intense, and part of the sedimentary rocks of the Dalradian Supergroup were little changed. Deformation was intense nonetheless and occurred in four distinct episodes. The rocks were buckled and folded to such extent that the whole sequence was rearranged into the shape of a fan. The mountain building event was followed by a long period of relative silence. The second phase of the Caledonian Orogen – Scandian – was caused by a collision between Laurentia and Baltica. This did not affect the Grampian Terrane, which was located further away from the main collision point. The distant effect of this collision, however, was the opening of faults, which facilitated subsequent large-scale magmatic intrusions. The final closure of the Iapetus Ocean, around 420 million years ago, was followed by a substantial accumulation of magma that rose from Earth’s mantle. The magma was so hot and buoyant that part of the surrounding Dalradian rocks, which had already cooled down, suffered local, ‘contact metamorphism’, while parts of the Grampian Terrane were uplifted. In other words, the extreme heat of the magma was transferred into the surrounding rocks, whose mineral composition altered in response. Because of dissolved gases trapped inside, magma acted like a huge inflated balloon that pushed the Grampian Terrane from below, lifting it a couple of kilometres. Magma eventually solidified at shallow depth underground into a very large body of rock, called ‘batholiths’. The magmatic intrusions related to the closure of the Iapetus Ocean are called the Newer Granites, as opposed to those related to its opening, called the Older Granites. The Dalradian rocks were eroded in time, exposing parts of the batholith that now forms some of Scotland’s most iconic mountains: the Cairngorms. A particular set of geological features encountered throughout the Grampian Terrane that have raised much interest among geologists are ‘ductile shear’ and ‘brittle shear’ zones. These are the result of a mechanic process in which rocks are stressed from opposing forces that are parallel to each other, such that layers of rock suffer a lateral shift in relation to one another. If rocks resist without breaking, this results in ‘ductile shear’. If rocks fracture, this results in ‘brittle shear’. The visual effect of ductile shear can be stunning, especially in banded metamorphic rocks, like gneiss, where patterns often resemble smeared paint. The Grampian Terrane, despite having been studied for so long retains much of its mysterious past and will absorb and preoccupy the mind of geologists for years to come. The Dalradian Supergroup in particular appears to defy efforts to unravel its complex history. The key to deciphering it lies perhaps in the small grains of zircon and their special ability to remember events of the distant past. Alex G. Neches Based on information from the following sources: Ali, D.O., Spencer, A.M., Fairchild, I.J., Chew, K.J., Anderton, R., Levell, B.K., Hambrey, M.J., Dove, D. and Le Heron, D.P., 2018. Indicators of relative completeness of the glacial record of the Port Askaig Formation, Garvellach Islands, Scotland. Precambrian Research, 319, pp.65-78. Arnaud, E. and Fairchild, I.J., 2011. The Port Askaig Formation, Dalradian Supergroup, Scotland. The Geological Society, London, Memoirs, 36(1), pp.635-642. Bogdanova, S.V., Pisarevsky, S.A. and Li, Z.X., 2009. Assembly and breakup of Rodinia (some results of IGCP Project 440). Stratigraphy and Geological Correlation, 17(3), pp.259-274 Brasier, M.D. and Shields, G., 2000. Neoproterozoic chemostratigraphy and correlation of the Port Askaig glaciation, Dalradian Supergroup of Scotland. Journal of the Geological Society, 157(5), pp.909-914. Cawood, P. A., Nemchin, A. A., Smith, M. & Loewy, S. 2003. Source of the Dalradian Supergroup constrained by U-Pb dating of detrital zircon and implications for the East Laurentian margin. Journal of the Geological Society, London, 160, pp.231-246 Chew, D.M. and Strachan, R.A., 2014. The Laurentian Caledonides of Scotland and Ireland. The Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 390(1), pp. 45-91 Leslie, A.G., Robertson, S., Smith, M., Banks, C.J., Mendum, J.R. and Stephenson, D., 2013. The Dalradian rocks of the northern Grampian Highlands of Scotland. Proceedings of the Geologists’ Association, 124(1-2), pp.263-317. Li, Z.X., Bogdanova, S.V., Collins, A.S., Davidson, A., De Waele, B., Ernst, R.E., Fitzsimons, I.C.W., Fuck, R.A., Gladkochub, D.P., Jacobs, J. and Karlstrom, K.E., 2008. Assembly, configuration, and break-up history of Rodinia: a synthesis. Precambrian research, 160(1-2), pp.179-210. Miles, A.J., Woodcock, N.H. and Hawkesworth, C.J., 2016. Tectonic controls on post-subduction granite genesis and emplacement: The late Caledonian suite of Britain and Ireland. Gondwana Research, 39, pp.250-260. Nance, R.D. and Murphy, J.B., 2019. Supercontinents and the case for Pannotia. The Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 470(1), pp.65-86. Oliver, G.J., Wilde, S.A. and Wan, Y., 2008. Geochronology and geodynamics of Scottish granitoids from the late Neoproterozoic break-up of Rodinia to Palaeozoic collision. Journal of the Geological Society, 165(3), pp.661-674. Prave, A. R. 1999. The Neoproterozoic Dalradian Supergroup of Scotland: an alternative hypothesis. Geological Magazine, 136, 609-617 Prave, A.R., Fallick, A.E., Thomas, C.W. & Graham, C.M. 2009. A composite C-isotope profile for the Neoproterozoic Dalradian Supergroup of Scotland and Ireland. Journal of the Geological Society, London, 166, pp.845-857 Stephenson, D., Mendum, J.R., Fettes, D.J. and Leslie, A.G., 2013. The Dalradian rocks of Scotland: an introduction. Proceedings of the Geologists’ Association, 124(1-2), pp.3-82. Strachan, R.A., Smith, M., Harris, A.L. and Fettes, D.J., 2002. The Northern Highland and Grampian terranes. In Trewin, N.H. (Ed.), 2002. The Geology of Scotland, 4th Edition, The Geological Society, London, pp.81-148. Thomas, C.W., Gillespie, M.R. and Jordan, C.J., 2004. Geological Structure and Landscape of the Cairngorm Mountains. Scottish Natural Heritage Commissioned Report No. 064 (ROAME No. F00AC103), 128p Toghill, P., 2018. The Geology of Scotland. An Introduction. The Crowood Press, Marlborough, Wiltshire, 192p Trewin, N.H. and Rollin, K.E., 2002. Geological history and structure of Scotland. In Trewin, N.H. (Ed.) The Geology of Scotland, 4th Edition, The Geological Society, London, pp.1-25

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Table of Contents How to Avoid Algae in Your Aquarium? A common worry amongst new aquarium owners is algae. Despite the fact that algae occurs all over the place in nature, its presence in our little slice of nature (the aquarium) can be quite troublesome for fish tank masters. While a little algae is to be expected in any environment that features water, light and readily available food (both leftover fish food and biological castoffs) too often can be a problem. While there are a myriad of ways to combat the substance, some of the best weapons against algae are biological weapons: fish! To preserve the balance inside your aqueous habitat, make sure to pick the best algae eaters that are not overly aggressive and will not outgrow your aquarium. With those guidelines in mind, here are five of the most effective anti-algae warriors available for your home aquarium. When in Doubt, Let Pleco Clean it Out The first algae eater is Plecostomus, more commonly known as the pleco. For most household aquariums, a full grown pleco (many varieties grow to over a foot in length!) is probably much too large. The Bristle nose pleco usually grows to less than half of the aforementioned length (typically only 4-5”) and is a champ when it comes to eating algae. They are known to keep the glass of aquariums free from gunk and can also eat algae off of most surfaces in a tank. They typically work at night so do not worry if you add one to your environment and do not see it working right away. Just make sure to check the morning after to see if “the cleaner,” the pleco, is doing its work. Shrimp to the Rescue Next up in the cleaning squad is the Cherry Shrimp. These shrimp get their name from their bright, cherry-red colored bodies. They are known throughout the aquarium world as being great cleaners and algae eaters. Unlike some species listed here, the Cherry Shrimp do not eat plants so you do not have to worry about them redecorating should they run out of algae! The diminutive algae connoisseur has a marked sensitivity to water conditions (especially copper) so make sure to keep an eye on the chemical makeup of your environment. Another Shrimp Option Staying in the shrimp arena, the Amano shrimp algae eaters are not picky. They are commonly known to eat algae that even other algae eaters will not go near. The Amano shrimp can breed to produce generations of cleaning crews, but only in salt-water environments. Their larger size, relatively speaking, make them good candidates for tanks that might have aggressive community members. Not THAT Kind of Cat! The Oto Cat is another great algae buster. These catfish varieties are usually quite small (typically under 2”) making them the perfect choice for large or small aquariums. These passive algae eaters have been known to be quite entertaining while performing their duties, going from plant to plant in a funny fashion. Best of all, they are voracious when it comes to algae, but do not have a stomach for plants. This means they will be great at keeping your tank clean and not bothering with the décor. Read more about Oto Cat in this post. Rare, but Strong Finally, consider the Siamese Algae eater, or SAE. These are relatively rare in the aquarium world so understand if you want to go with this solution, it may take some time and effort (not to mention money) to bring them home. Another knock against them is the fact that their appetite decreases as they age, while their tendency to be aggressive increases. While growing to a maximum size of between 5 and 6 inches long, they will make a good addition to most home aquariums. What sets them apart is their appetite for hair algae, red algae, and black beard algae, three varieties that other algae eaters tend to avoid like the plague. Algae Eaters to the Rescue No matter which direction you take, make sure to get enough algae eaters to cover the entire tank. If there is any space for algae to grow in, it will thrive there. We may not be able to prevent its growth, but following the steps above should make combating algae much more manageable with the best algae eaters.

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The history of Stonehenge is a long one and since its creation it has intrigued those who have come across it. Stonehenge was not built in one whack. Neil Oliver visits the Wall - a massive statement of the power of the Roman Empire. Aliens, giants, or even team-building exercises are some of theories that attempt to explain Stonehenge's origins According to this legend, the wizard Merlin removed Stonehenge from Ireland, where it had been erected by giants, and rebuilt it in Wiltshire as a memorial to 3,000 nobles slain in battle with the Saxons. Amazingly, it was expanded and updated by three different populations spanning 1,000 years. Stonehenge is a massive stone monument located on a chalky plain north of the modern-day city of Salisbury, England. That's not unlike modern-day architects slapping a shopping mall on the side of a medieval castle and no-one thinks to point out it's a desecration of history. Please note this video doesn’t contain audio. Why was Stonehenge built? Stonehenge was built in a number of stages. These are called Special Access visits. The Stonehenge Riverside Project (SRP) consortium has spent 10 years exploring Stonehenge and its surrounding landscape along with the social and economic conditions during the monument's main stages of construction (3,000 B.C. Stonehenge was built by aliens Jan 29, 2020 (Last update: Nov 16, 2020) Aliens , Ancient astronauts , Geography , History , Out-of-place artifacts , Religion and spirituality Introduction. Nobody actually knows. It had to be the high ground, dominating the skies, looking east to the rising sun and moon, and west to the setting sun. The nearest you will get to the stones is about 10 yards, the monument being roped off by a low barrier, (see picture below). It stands on Salisbury Plain, in Wiltshire, and its giant stones can be seen from miles around. The eight most popular theories. It consists of a circular enclosure that is more than 330 feet (100 metres) in diameter, enclosing 56 pits called the Aubrey Holes, named after John Aubrey, who identified them in 1666. The dates for each "period" can be fixed to about a 100 years or so with radiocarbon dating, but as to the exact building sequence within each period archaeologist cannot be certain. Was Stonehenge built in the Stone Age? Originally located on FM 1340 west of Hunt, Texas, Stonehenge II now resides on the campus of the Hill Country Arts Foundation in Ingram, Texas (78025). Scientists have solved one longstanding mystery relating to Stonehenge, after years of dogged examination. Experts say that the monument was constructed between 3000 and 2000 BC. Stonehenge, prehistoric stone circle monument, cemetery, and archaeological site located on Salisbury Plain, about 8 miles (13 km) north of Salisbury, Wiltshire, England. Even more, it had to look down upon and be linked to the great River Avon. It is now known that Stonehenge was constructed in phases over hundreds of years during which stone were added, removed, and … The mysteries of why Stonehenge was built in the early Stone Age still baffles scientists and historians today. Around 500 years later, the stones were brought to the site and erected; these were mainly large sarsens from the nearby Marlborough Downs and smaller bluestones quarried in Wales. Why was Stonehenge built? Discover the origins of the stones here. Around 3000 BC an earthwork enclosure was built, consisting of a circular bank and ditch. Instantly recognisable from the surrounding roads, Stonehenge is made up of a ring of standing stones - each of which are around 13ft (4.1 metres) high, 6ft 11in (2.1m) wide and weighing 25 tons. I believe I have answered, why was Stonehenge built? Stonehenge II is a concrete sculpture in the Texas Hill Country, US, built in homage to the original Stonehenge monument. Was Stonehenge built in the 1950s? Stonehenge: The most unsual theories about why the mysterious monument was built. Stonehenge is just one of many henges built in Stone Age Britain, but why? Stonehenge is a prehistoric stone monument that was built in Wiltshire, England, Europe. However it is possible to walk up to and among the stones at Stonehenge outside public opening hours. Was it a spiritual temple, burial ground or even built by aliens? Stonehenge is around 5000 years old. It was built in three stages. Stonehenge is arguably the most famous of all the henges in the world, although, technically, the vast circular monument made of megaliths somewhere between 3,000 BC and 2,000 BC are not even a henge in the proper sense of the word, according to Rosemary Hill, a historian and author of Stonehenge (Profile Books and Harvard University Press, 2008). Just to take the first couple of examples that I found. Who Built Stonehenge? Research shows that the site has continuously evolved over a period of about 10,000 years. Stonehenge was erected first around 3000 BC as little more than a circular bank and ditch with the main structure built of wood. Why Was Stonehenge Built? The Correspondence of Henry D. Thoreau: Volume 1: 1834 - 1848 By Henry D. Thoreau. 5,019 c. 3000 BC. Although we increasingly understand a great deal about who built Stonehenge and how they did it, we know very little about the reasons why it was built. In his 2012 book ‘Stonehenge’, Mike Parker Pearson, Professor of Archaeology at Sheffield University, outlines a new sequence for the history of Stonehenge: Above: View of the Stonehenge monument. Not only do scholars disagree over how it was built, but… Stonehenge II was conceived by Al Shepperd and built with the help of his friend and neighbor, Doug Hill. Why was Stonehenge built? Stonehenge was built as a burial site Analysis of the bones suggests they were buried during this 500-year period. When Was Stonehenge Built? Archaeologists also discovered evidence of a large settlement of houses nearby, suggesting that Stonehenge was at the centre of a large ancient ceremonial complex that ran along the River Avon. Stage 1 – 3000-2920 BC: the earth bank and ditch are built, and the 56 ‘Aubrey Holes’ dug. How many Henges are there? and 2,500 B.C.) 1843. 36 Related Question Answers Found Can you touch Stonehenge? The sarsen stones are a type of silcrete rock, which is found scattered naturally across southern England. The GPS coordinates for Stonehenge are 51°10'44"N 1°49'34"W. Ancient corporate team-building exercise If you've ever had to partake in an exhausting team-building exercise then it probably still pales in comparison to having to build Stonehenge. Building Stonehenge took huge effort from hundreds of well-organised people. Stonehenge II began about 2150 BC and continued for 150 years; this was when the first of the bluestones were moved into place. Stonehenge - Stonehenge - First stage: 3000–2935 bce: The oldest part of the Stonehenge monument was built during the period from 3000 to 2935 bce. Stonehenge is a ring of menhir stones (free standing). Stonehenge is one of the world’s most famous monuments. The first known mentioning of Stonehenge appeared in a writing from the 12 th century and it has been continually studied. It was built in six stages between 3000 and 1520 BCE, during the transition from the Neolithic Period to the Bronze Age. The outer bank of Stonehenge was made in around 3000 BC, while the stone settings were built in 2500 BC. Stonehenge is the world’s most famous Neolithic monument, located on the Salisbury Plain in Wiltshire, England. There are two types of stone at Stonehenge – the larger sarsen stones and the smaller ‘bluestones’. Construction of Stonehenge was broken into three periods: Stonehenge Period I (c. 2950-2900 BC) The earliest portion of Stonehenge dates to approximately 2950-2900 BC. Transporting the Stones. The temple had to be the axis, the point around which their world revolved. Of all the standing structures left over from the Ancient World, perhaps none has been the subject of more heated debate than Stonehenge. It is very easy to find evidence of the sites existence from non-British sources prior to 1950. Stonehenge in southern England ranks among the world's most iconic archaeological sites and one of its greatest enigmas.

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Anti Bullying Coloring Pages with a Message “Be Kind to the Others” Why we must honor to the others?. This following is an answer. This is a good message for students in the classroom activities, yeah namely Stop Bullying Coloring and Activity Pages. These pictures are designed especially for classroom teachers, includes all 8 designs of anti bullying coloring with a message we must “be kind to the others”. Each coloring sheet contains an encouraging affirmation illustrated with teachers and students with various good quote lettering like bullying is not cool, Bee a Buddy not a Bully, and others. Color your way to calm with these simple, joyful messages and encouraging designs for students. It makes a awesome message from an appreciative student, and it serves as a fine parting token of gratitude to the others. Anti Bullying Coloring Page assures every students who receive it that his or her dedication has been truly valued. Students can exchange the result of coloring activities to their other friends. Having and showing anti bullying coloring pages might be a fun activity to do among school activities. They will feel that everyone is different and we must be kind to the others. Furthermore, they will also train their skills like fine-motor and focusing which are important for kids. So, if you like to have these awesome graphics regarding anti bullying coloring pages, just click save button to store these shots for your desktop. At last if you want to get new and latest graphic related to Stop Bullying Coloring Sheets for students, please follow us on google plus or save this site, we try our best to give you regular up-date with all new and fresh pictures. Print out these printable coloring sheets online to embellish and decorate them with glitters, gel pens, colored pencils, crayons, markers, and coloring mediums. We do hope you enjoy keeping right here. Parents also can use these anti bullying print out drawings for a fun activity in home. As the kids color these sheets, tell them to describe their favorite images. Parents and teachers, if you know of a coloring page that kids love to color. If you like the post or gallery please feel free to share this article or clicking some related posts below for more pictures and further information. By sharing this post, you educate kids about why we must honor to the others.

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The Effects of Pollution on Consumer Spending The United Nations Global Pulse, an innovation initiative on big data and data science, and Western Digital recently announced the winners of the Data for Climate Action Challenge (D4CA) at the Data Innovation: Generating Climate Solutions event during the United Nations climate change conference (COP23) in Bonn, Germany. A winner from the Thematic category, a team of students from Yale University, investigated the relationship between air quality and consumer spending. An unprecedented open innovation challenge to harness data science and big data from the private sector to fight climate change, D4CA was launched earlier this year and called on innovators, scientists, and climate experts to use data to accelerate climate solutions. Access to large amounts of data – anonymized and aggregated to protect privacy – accelerates the ability to spot connections, gain insight and develop predictive algorithms that can provide more precise direction and decisions. The Data for Climate Action Challenge demonstrates what’s possible when public and private sector organizations partner for social good. WIRED Brand Lab: Tell us about your project Matt Moroney: Our project is on air pollution and how it affects consumer spending. Traditionally when the cost of air pollution to society is estimated, it usually only looks at healthcare costs. We were wondering if there was an impact on how much people spent when it came to negative changes in air quality. So we wondered if people spent less on days when air pollution was high, and what effects that might have on local businesses and ultimately governments via taxes gleaned from consumer spending. WBL: What dataset did you use? John Brandt: We used a dataset from BBVA, which is a Spanish-based bank. It gave us access to its API – which provided us with completely anonymised data that told us essentially where people were spending, by how much and how old these people were, the transaction price and how many transactions there were. We were given that for 170 postal codes in Spain, which represented about 150 million transactions over a two-year period from 2014-2016. We used the European commission’s air quality network, which had air monitoring stations within the post postcodes we had the data for. In total, we had access to 180 air quality stations, which gave hourly and daily readouts of air pollution. WBL: What did you find? John: For a 10 per cent increase in particulate matter, consumers in Spain spent between 20-30 million euros less every day. For every 10 per cent increase in ozone concentrations, consumers in that same area spent between 25-41 million euros less per day. WBL: Is that the result of people having access to air quality reporting, or is there something else going on? John: We’ve been thinking about that. Madrid does have forecasts that factor in air quality and air pollution, and the government actively urges people not to go outside or to drive. So for Madrid we can see a stronger relationship with spending and air pollution. But outside Madrid, where there wasn’t as much information, people appeared to be unconsciously making these decisions on their own. Matt: The truth is, if you can’t see across the street, are you going to take your children outside or walk to the shops? Intuitively that made sense to us. WBL: That’s pretty significant. What else did you find? Sophie Janaskie: Sometimes as we looked through the data, we could see big anomalies on certain days. So we’d google what happened on those days and it’d be things like Spain won a World Cup match or a national celebration. Matt: There was also one where a bunch of people in the government got arrested for corruption and there were a series of protests, and no one spent money because things were closed. On New Year’s Eve we’d see a huge spike in air pollution because people were letting off fireworks. John: You could tell when Spain won soccer matches because spending went way up that night. WBL: Before you started, was this relationship between air quality and consumer spending already established? John: The World Bank has a report on air quality impacts on general health, where they focus on asthma, respiratory illnesses, death and displacement, but they don’t look at consumer spending. WBL: Where would you like to take this method of looking at anonymised credit card data? Matt: We’d like to scale up to a city that historically has always had bad air, like Mexico City or Shanghai or Singapore. We’re in preliminary discussions to work on a project like this in Mexico City. John: Our vision is to make a live, updating map that tracks spending data with air pollution and give a real-time account of what’s going on. We’d then like to have an increasing number tallying the cost to economies worldwide as a direct result of not doing more to improve air quality. WBL: Are private businesses aware of how much can be deduced from their datasets? Matt: Not that we’ve seen. I think that’s going to be one of the biggest challenges of this century. The 20th century was about collecting data, this century is about how are we going to use that data to make better changes. This is just one example of another cost that wasn’t included in the conversation about climate change. Many people have argued cleaning up pollution is too expensive, but this proves that there are unseen costs that we need to look at more closely at before deciding we can’t clean up the environment. This content is produced by WIRED Brand Lab in collaboration with Western Digital Corporation.

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On September 5, 1638, at St. Germain-en-Laye the child promised to Louis XIII and Anne of Austria was born. Exactly nine months from the day Our Lady had promised! The King and Queen beheld an heir to the throne. It was a turbulent France into which the boy king was born. His father, Louis XIII, died four years after his birth. Louis was King at the age of four. His mother, Queen Consort of France now, had been especially close to her mother who helped her develop a deep devotion to her Roman Catholic faith. She was married to King Louis XIII as an exercise in political matchmaking. They were teen agers. The Queen was very lonesome and made a habit of visiting monasteries and churches. Another boy, Philip, had been born before King Louis XIII died, and, Anne was a doting parent with both boys. She selected one of Cardinal Richelieu’s associates to serve as her minister, Cardinal Mazarin, upon whose advice she depended greatly. The Edict of Nantes, which defined Huguenot rights ((Protestants)) was in effect, along with the French war against Austrian Habsburgs which lasted until 1648. It seemed inevitable that such a young king would be challenged. In 1648, a Civil War – known as The Fronde erupted when Louis was only nine. The Parlement, which was a law court, rebelled against the monarchy. France was drowning in debt, and Mazarin imposed several new taxes, forced loans, and the selling of offices that affected the nobles. The people had turned against Mazarin and when he died in 1661, Louis decided to rule without a chief minister In 1651 Anne ceeded power to her son. The King was fourteen years old. She died in 1666. King Louis XIV had a plaque placed in the sanctuary of Our Lady of Graces to honor his mother’s memory and to remind people that he was given to them by the vows Anne made. The plaque remains to this day. Louis XI would become the longest reigning of European monarchs – seventy two years. Yet, King Louis didn’t listen to the message from heaven about the Sacred Heart when it was brought to him. Tears and bloodshed were in store for France. It seems highly likely, in 1660, that heaven was offering graces to France, again, knowing they would be needed in that poor strife torn land, where undercurrents of masonic thought were already forming minds and hearts in preparation for the historical conflict with Frances’ Roman Catholic Church. The first Masonic Lodge was established in France around 1688 … La Parfaite Egalite. Once again heaven was to visit France to remind her of God and the existence of the Supernatural and of how it links to the political scene … Whether King Louis XIV ever heard about this apparition of St. Joseph is not known. However, the King knew about apparitions … as is proven by his placing a plaque in the sanctuary reminding that he was given to the people by this apparition of Our Lady of Graces at Cotignace. That plaque which is still there. St. Joseph appeared this time! He who has so little or nothing to say in the Bible. It was a roasting hot day in Cotignac on June 2, 1660. Gaspard Richard was searching for fresh grass on Mount Besillon. About 1PM he had to lie down because he was suffering from an exceptional thirst. He noticed suddenly that a tall man was standing next to him. Again, not many words came from the mouth of St. Joseph, but, there was great meaning: “I am Joseph. Lift it and you will drink” said the man, Joseph, pointing to a huge boulder. Many men would not have been able to move it. Gaspard listened to the man and made the attempt. He was surprised that he was able to lift the boulder. Under it he discovered a fresh water spring. He looked up to thank the stranger, but the man had vanished. But the seemingly impossible had been done in the blink of an eye by the faith of Gaspard. The shepherd dashed to the village to tell all the people what happened. We can’t overestimate his eagerness and excitement. Knowing him as a humble young man, everyone believed him. They all rushed to see the newly revealed spring and the surprisingly abundant water supply in a place where no water had ever been before. The wonderful documentary Shrine of the Holy Family : Provence, France includes this event and tells how by July 25 “the city council mentions that the source pointed out by St. Joseph has abundant healing qualities and attracts people from all over the region who come to wash, drink and fine healing remedies. In 1662, Father Allard of the Oratory that was built on the site, wrote: “The waters of St. Joseph bring miracles. Since I returned, a man whom we know from Avignon, born lame, went to the spring and came back cured, having left his crutches there” (This documentary, once available on EWTN and Amazon is no longer available and it is not known “if ever” it will be again. From Both Web Sites Since the beginning, the spring has never dried up. National Catholic Register Joseph Pronechen Blogs March 29 2017 God is in charge. If only we could listen. Yes, there was to be one more apparition in France coming which promised victory to the King if he would consecrate France to the Sacred Heart of Jesus and paint the image on his standards and shields, and fly it on his flags. It was the famous one of the Sacred Heart of Jesus to St. Margaret Mary Alocoque. No King listened to it. King Louis XVI had written his vow down and it was found later. Too late. This King knew too. He didn’t listen. That too should ring true to Catholic ears who hear of Our Lady’s pleas at Fatima, Portugal, which are treated with contempt by some of her children in Rome. France was murmuring with discontent. Taxes were outrageous. There was hunger in the land. The voices of the French people were to become thunderous. St. Joseph had simply called the attention of the King and the people to God, Who can do anything! What a great gift from heaven! Some listened. Some didn’t. They didn’t want God in the affairs of France. The horrors and the bloodshed were in the making!

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A to Z: Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA) May also be called: PDA More to Know The ductus arteriosus (DA) is a normal blood vessel that connects two major arteries — the aorta and the pulmonary artery — that carry blood away from the heart in a developing fetus. The DA diverts blood away from the lungs, sending it directly to the body. The lungs are not used while a fetus is in the amniotic fluid because the baby gets oxygen directly from the mother's placenta. When a newborn breathes and begins to use the lungs, the DA is no longer needed and usually closes during the first 2 days after birth. If the DA fails to close, a patent (meaning "open") ductus arteriosus is the result. Oxygen-rich blood from the aorta mixes with oxygen-poor blood in the pulmonary artery, and too much blood flows into the lungs. Babies with a PDA may have poor feeding, poor growth, difficulty breathing, excessive sweating, fatigue, or a bluish color to the skin. A larger PDA puts a strain on the heart and increases blood pressure in the pulmonary arteries. A smaller PDA may not cause any symptoms. Keep in Mind In the vast majority of babies who have a small PDA but otherwise normal heart, the PDA will shrink and go away on its own in the first few days of life. Other PDAs may close on their own within the first year of a baby's life. Large PDAs are rare, but can strain the heart and cause other problems. Medications, catheter-based procedures, or surgery may be used to close these PDAs. All A to Z dictionary entries are regularly reviewed by KidsHealth medical experts. Note: All information is for educational purposes only. For specific medical advice, diagnoses, and treatment, consult your doctor. © 1995- KidsHealth® All rights reserved. Images provided by The Nemours Foundation, iStock, Getty Images, Veer, Shutterstock, and Clipart.com.

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It’s a fact that the capitalist system a country has effects its democracy and limits the freedom of its people, and the capitalism (along with a few other countries) in the United States today is known as Crony Capitalism. Who benefits from Crony Capitalism — hint, it’s not 99.9% of the people? But there are several forms of capitalism so there are other choices: Turbo Capitalism, Responsible Capitalism, Popular Capitalism, Crony Capitalism and State Capitalism. Economic Help.org reports that “Crony Capitalism is a term used to refer to the situation where business success is related to strategic influences with civil servants, politicians and those in authority.” If you want to discover the countries where crony capitalism exists, The Economist publishes The crony-capitalism index. Take a look. I prefer Responsible Capitalism. Click Economic Help.org to learn what that means, and then read the rest of this post to discover why that’s my choice. By the way, capitalism was not invented in the United States. Watch the following video to find out more. In addition, democracy was invented by the Greeks in ancient Athens more than 500 years before Jesus Christ was born. The odds favor that most people think there is only one form of democracy, because most don’t have a clue what a democracy really is and the effect capitalism has on the freedom of the people. According to Democracy Building.info, there are three basic types of democracy: direct democracy (Switzerland), presidential democracy (USA, France), and parliamentary democracy (UK, Germany, Spain, Italy, etc.). However, Governmentvs.com lists 10 different types of democracies. I’m not going to list them here. You can click the link if you want to learn more. Since there are so many forms of capitalism and democracy, which combination offers the best place to live? One way to answer that question is to look at the world’s 5 happiest countries: Denmark, Switzerland, Iceland, Norway and Finland. We already know Switzerland is a direct democracy. Norway and Denmark are constitutional monarchies with parliaments. Finland and Iceland are parliamentary democracies. It might also surprise you to discover that three of the five happiest countries are also on the list for the most socialist nations in the world: Denmark, Finland, and Norway. To be clear, Denmark, Finland and Norway are not socialist countries, but they have social safety net programs to make sure no one starves or ends up homeless. It also helps that poverty is low in these five countries. The poverty rate in Switzerland is 7.6 percent, in Finland it’s less than 5 percent; it’s 6 percent in Denmark, 9 percent in Iceland, and in Norway the child poverty rate is 3.4 percent. In the United States, more than 45 million people live in poverty (more than the combined populations of the 5 happiest countries in the world), and 22 percent of America’s children live in poverty. Did you notice that the five happiest countries in the world are not listed on The Economist’s Crony-Capitalism Index? What does that say about Crony Capitalism? Lloyd Lofthouse is a former U.S. Marine and Vietnam Veteran who went to college on the GI Bill and taught in the public schools for thirty years (1975 – 2005). Lofthouse’s first novel was the award winning historical fiction My Splendid Concubine [3rd edition]. His second novel was the award winning thriller Running with the Enemy followed by his award winning memoir Crazy is Normal. To follow this Blog via E-mail see upper left-hand column and click on “FOLLOW!”

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It’s often said that conflict is the basis of any good story. For Prof. Samuel Ronfard, conflict is also essential to learning. “One of the most powerful things about having someone contradict you is that you can then have a conversation about your respective beliefs and arrive at a new one,” says the assistant professor of psychology at U of T Mississauga. So when Ronfard – who heads UTM’s Childhood Learning and Development Lab – taught middle school in New York City several years ago, he would often invite students to challenge him. And yet he always found it a struggle to get kids to engage in conversation. “I would ask, What do you guys think? And usually the answer was, I think what you think.” This kind of passivity may seem natural, but it could also present a major obstacle in children’s ability to learn. Ronfard believes that it behooves us as a society to encourage children to question and contradict adults when appropriate, and to think for themselves. Consequently, Ronfard has spent the past half-decade drawing a global picture of how children test claims that go against their intuition. (His research has taken place in Canada, the U.S., Turkey, China and Belarus.) He and his team do this by getting some 600 kids from the ages of three to eight in a room with a series of differently sized Russian dolls. “We ask them, Which one is the heaviest? Correctly, they’ll usually say the biggest one, because if things look the same and are made out of the same materials you would of course think that.” In half the cases, children are told they are wrong; the researchers then leave the room. Before doing so, however, they sometimes “implicitly prompt” the children by pushing the dolls toward them. They then watch through a hidden camera to see if the kids will test the claim. His findings are clear: before age six, children will simply believe what adults tell them and not test it – even though they instinctively know the largest object is the heaviest. Indeed, work by other scientists has shown that even infants can understand basic physics; they show surprise, for example, when a toy car appears to go through a wall instead of crashing into it. As children get older, skepticism kicks in. Once they reach the age of about seven they’ll test the dolls by picking them up. Ronfard says this is true of children in every country where he has performed the test, and is as true of boys as it is of girls. In doing so, children invariably find out that they are right. Even then, they still won’t verbally contradict the adult researcher. “After a while, we come back and tell them, Oh, we were just talking about the dolls,” Ronfard says. The adults wait for 10 seconds, to allow for the child to reveal their new finding. Surprisingly, they hardly ever do. “A couple, out of hundreds of kids,” he says. “It’s really rare.” One reason for this reluctance to speak up? “It may be adaptive for kids not to question everything they’ve been told and to accept statements at face value, because it may speed up their learning,” says Ronfard. He adds that a child’s decision to question an adult is based on two factors: epistemic (“Do I believe this based on what I know?”) and social (“Is it safe for me to question this person?”). However, Ronfard has found that when children who have tested evidence are explicitly pushed to speak the truth, they will finally do it. And outside the lab, it’s certainly common to see children contradicting adults when their tales seem just a bit too tall. One example? That of Santa Claus. Around the age of seven, children start to ask themselves how one elderly resident of the North Pole can possibly circumnavigate the globe in a single night, abseiling down millions of chimneys to bestow requested gifts on all the world’s children (with exemptions for the naughty, of course). “They know there’s no causal mechanism that explains all this,” says Ronfard. “And what’s interesting is that parents will sometimes create new explanations, like Santa has a supercomputer or something.” Still, it’s developmentally common for children to skeptically explore such information – by rushing downstairs to see if the cookies they’ve so suspiciously laid out have been eaten, for example. Still, getting children to explore questions for themselves is one thing; getting them to express their views in public is quite another. Finding out how to do that is Ronfard’s Holy Grail. “When you’re testing what you’ve been told there’s the aspect of truth, but also the aspect of going against an authority,” he says. “Maybe the kids are comfortable testing things when they’re left alone, but if their parents enter the room they won’t be as comfortable.” Right now, he is paying particular attention to how variations in parenting across different cultures affect children’s willingness to speak up; whether, if a child grows up in an environment where disagreement is welcomed and encouraged, he or she may have a completely different attitude about how knowledge is constructed. “When you get that attitude at home, you could take it with you into other relationships and interactions with people,” says Ronfard. When, and how, did people realize Santa was a myth? The Santa Survey from the University of Exeter found the following: The average age that children stopped believing in Santa: 8 Percentage who said their trust in adults had been affected by the discovery: 30 Percentage of those who played along with the Santa myth, as children, after they stopped believing: 65 One of the main reasons children stopped believing in Santa? Mistakes by blundering parents. One caught their parents eating the food left out for Santa. Another was woken by a tipsy dad dropping the gifts.

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You glance at the clock; it’s 4:30 PM. Only half an hour to go, but you have emails to read, copies to make, and no motivation. So you pop in some earbuds, and two minutes into your favorite album, those tasks don’t seem quite so daunting anymore. Although it varies from person to person, many have found that listening to music helps boost productivity, whether you are hitting the weight room or sitting at work. Is there really a relationship between music and productivity? If so, how does it all work? Teresa Leisuk, of the University of Miami’s music therapy program, has conducted extensive researchon the effects of music in the workplace. Experts note that while some newcomers actually finding music distracting, individuals who already proficient in their given job or task often completed their work faster under the influence of music. A study done by Fink, Vossel, and Geng (2013) differentiates two sorts of attention systems in our brains – one in which we intentionally focus on a given task, and one which allows us to subconsciously search our peripherals for any important stimulations (e.g, something that could frighten or hurt us). As we all know, there are times at work – or elsewhere – when our full attention is imperative, yet something keeps distracting us. Perhaps it’s a conversation down the hall, someone tapping their shoes in another cubicle, or a classmate clicking their pen; whatever it is, if the task at hand is dull or monotonous, our subconscious stream of attention won’t leave the external stimulation alone, making any sort of focus nearly impossible. Music, on the other hand, allows your brain a break from the pesky noise and keeps your subconscious system busy while you complete your task. Another factor that can result in increased productivity, related to our post on Mood and Music, is the pure motivation that comes from listening to music that you enjoy. Dr. Lesiuk asserts that while music in general often has positive effects in terms of productivity and creativity, the type of music matters; Specifically, listening to music that you like will release dopamine and thus boost your mood (and indirectly your productivity), but listening to music that you don’t like has the opposite effect, proving to be a distraction. So find some tunes you enjoy and get your work done before next week’s post on how to pick the songs that will make you more productive! Like the content you’re seeing? Have ideas regarding the type of content you’d like to see? Shoot us an email at email@example.com

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