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Maryon Lane

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<mask> (15 February 1931 – 13 June 2008) was a South African ballet dancer who became well known in Britain as a ballerina of the Sadler's Wells Theatre Ballet and as a soloist with the Royal Ballet. Early life and training <mask> was born as Patricia Mills in Zululand, a district of Natal province (now KwaZulu-Natal) on the Indian Ocean coast of South Africa. When she was about 13 years old, in 1944, her family took her to Johannesburg, in the northern province of Transvaal (now Gauteng). There she studied with the best ballet teachers in the city, including Marjorie Sturman, a specialist in the Cecchetti method, and Reina Berman, who had been trained by Cecchetti principles before switching to the syllabus of the Royal Academy of Dancing (RAD). In 1946, soon after World War II had ended and peace had returned to Europe, Mills left South Africa and emigrated to the UK, having won an RAD scholarship to attend the Sadler's Wells Ballet School in London. After only a year's tuition there, she was taken into the corps of the Sadler's Wells Theatre Ballet. It was at this point that she adopted her professional name.The company then included a South African dancer named Patricia Miller, so a name change from Patricia Mills was essential: <mask> <mask>, distinctively spelled, was her choice. Professional career The Sadler's Wells Theatre Ballet was then a small, young troupe founded by Ninette de Valois to nurture dancers and choreographers after the parent company, the Sadler's Wells Ballet, became resident at the Royal Opera House, Covent Garden. Owing to the need to replenish the depleted roster of leading dancers, <mask> rose rapidly through the ranks. By 1948, at age 17, she had been named a principal dancer and was appearing in prominent roles in works by de Valois and Frederick Ashton, the chief choreographer of the company. Petite, with dark hair, a pretty, oval face, and ideal proportions, she possessed a vivid personality, a firm technique, and an innate musicality. De Valois considered her the type of dancer that was most valuable of all: not a great star but a repertory dancer capable of demi-caractère and dramatic work as well as the purely classical. Throughout her career, <mask> was admired for her musicality, attack, and sheer domination of the stage.In repertory works, she displayed great charm in such lighthearted roles as Swanilda in Coppélia, Lise in Ashton's La Fille Mal Gardée, and the title characters in John Cranko's Pineapple Poll and Léonide Massine's Mam'zelle Angot, but she was also effective as the vapid Ballerina in Michel Fokine's Petrushka, as the Betrayed Girl in de Valois's The Rake's Progress, and as the adulterous, runaway Bride in Alfred Rodrigues's Blood Wedding. She was praised for her execution of the notoriously demanding and often unrewarding fairy variations in the prologue to The Sleeping Beauty as well as for her performance as the Princess Aurora, the title role. Her greatest contribution at the time, however, was the part she played in the creation of new ballets, in particular those of the young Kenneth MacMillan. In 1955, MacMillan cast <mask> in a principal role in Danses Concertantes, set to the Stravinsky score and with designs by Nicholas Georgiadis, then also at the beginning of a great career. The success of the ballet was such that de Valois immediately transferred it, and <mask>, to the main company at the Royal Opera House in Covent Garden. <mask> would finish her performing career there as a solo dancer in 1968. Roles created Among the roles that <mask> created in new works or productions are the following.1947. Valses Nobles et Sentimentales, choreography by Frederick Ashton, music by Maurice Ravel. Role: principal dancer. 1950. Trumpet Concerto, choreography by George Balanchine, music by Franz Joseph Haydn. Role: principal dancer, with Svetlana Beriosova, David Blair, Elaine Fifield, David Poole, Pirmin Trecu, and corps de ballet. 1951.Casse Noisette (The Nutcracker), choreography by Frederick Ashton, music by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky. Role: Crystallized Flower, leader of the corps de ballet in "Waltz of the Flowers." 1953. Somnamabulism, choreography by Kenneth MacMillan, music by Stan Kenton, arranged by John Lanchbery. Role: pas de trois with David Poole and Kenneth MacMillan. 1954. Café des Sports, choreography by Alfred Rodrigues, music by Antony Hopkins.Role: Urchin. 1954. Laiderette, choreography by Kenneth MacMillan, music by Frank Martin. Role: Clown, dancing an extended pas de deux with David Poole and a pas de trois with Poole and Johaar Mosaval; an all-South African cast. 1955. Danses Concertantes, choreography by Kenneth MacMillan, music by Igor Stravinsky. Role: principal dancer.1955. House of Birds, choreography by Kenneth MacMillan, music by Federico Mompou, arranged by John Lanchbery. Role: pas de trois with David Poole and Doreen Tempest. 1955. Madame Chrysanthème, choreography by Frederick Ashton, music by Alan Rawsthorne. Role: Madame Chrysanthème, at the New York premiere at the Metropolitan Opera House. 1956.Noctambules, choreography by Kenneth MacMillan, music by Humphrey Searle. Role: Hypnotist's Assistant, with Leslie Edwards as the Hypnotist, Nadia Nerina as the Faded Beauty, Desmond Doyle as the Rich Man, Anya Linden as the Poor Girl, and Brian Shaw as the Soldier. 1957. The Prince of the Pagodas, choreography by John Cranko, music by Benjamin Britten. Role: Belle Rose. 1958. Ondine, choreography by Frederick Ashton, music by Hans Werner Henze.Role: dancer in lead couple, with Brian Shaw, of a divertissement with Merle Park, Doreenb Wells, Peter Clegg, Pirmin Trecu, and corps de ballet. 1958. Agon, choreography by Kenneth MacMillan, music by Igor Stravinsky. Role: principal dancer. 1961. Diversions, choreography by Kenneth MacMillan, music by Arthur Bliss. Role: a pas de quatre with Svetlana Beriosova, Donald MacLeary, and Graham Usher.Personal and later life <mask> was married to her Royal Ballet colleague David Blair, with whom she had twin daughters in 1960. In 1961, Blair was promoted to be Margot Fonteyn's regular partner but was soon overshadowed by the arrival of Rudolf Nureyev in 1962. Both <mask> and Blair, along with other leading dancers of the company, sank into relative obscurity in the blaze of publicity about the partnership of Fonteyn and Nureyev. After leaving the Royal Ballet in 1968, <mask> occasionally made guest appearances with London Festival Ballet, Ballet Rambert, and her former home company. She found a new vocation, however, as an inspired and inspiring teacher at the London Ballet Centre. She then taught at the Royal Ballet and Ballet Rambert schools and with other companies, schools and seminars. In middle age, after her husband died in 1976, she went to live in Cyprus, a former British stronghold in the eastern Mediterranean.There she settled in the Greek Cypriot town of Kyrenia, a thriving cultural centre and popular tourist destination on the northern coast of the island, where she founded her own small school, the Maryon Lane Ballet Academy. After some years of teaching local students, she died in 2008, at age 77. References 1931 births 2008 deaths Prima ballerinas South African ballerinas Dancers of The Royal Ballet South African emigrants to Cyprus People from Natal People educated at the Royal Ballet School

Aymer de Valence, 2nd Earl of Pembroke

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<mask>, 2nd Earl of Pembroke (c. 127523 June 1324) was a Anglo-French nobleman. Though primarily active in England, he also had strong connections with the French royal house. One of the wealthiest and most powerful men of his age, he was a central player in the conflicts between Edward II of England and his nobility, particularly Thomas, 2nd Earl of Lancaster. <mask> was one of the Lords Ordainers appointed to restrict the power of Edward II and his favourite Piers Gaveston. His position changed with the great insult he suffered when Gaveston, as a prisoner in his custody whom he had sworn to protect, was removed and beheaded on the instigation of Lancaster. This led <mask> into close and lifelong cooperation with the King. Later in life, however, political circumstances combined with financial difficulties would cause him problems, driving him away from the centre of power.Though earlier historians saw <mask> as the head of a "middle party", between the extremes of Lancaster and the king, the modern consensus is that he remained essentially loyal to Edward throughout most of his career. <mask> was married twice, and left no legitimate issue, though he did have a bastard son. He is today remembered primarily through his wife <mask> St Pol's foundation of Pembroke College, Cambridge, and for his splendid tomb that can still be seen in Westminster Abbey. He was also an important figure in the wars surrounding the attempted English occupation of Scotland. Family and early years Aymer was the son of <mask> Valence, son of Hugh X, Count of La Marche and Isabella of Angoulême. William was Henry III's half-brother through his mother's prior marriage to King John, and as such gained a central position in the Kingdom of England. He had come to the earldom of Pembroke through his marriage to <mask> Munchensi, granddaughter of William Marshal.Aymer was the third son of his family, so little is known of his birth and early years. He is believed to have been born some time between 1270 and 1275. As his father was on crusade with Lord Edward until January 1273, a date towards the end of this period is more likely. With the death in battle in Wales of his remaining brother William in 1282 (John, the elder brother, was dead in 1277), Aymer found himself heir to the Earldom of Pembroke. He married Béatrice <mask> sometime before October 1295. <mask> Valence died in 1296, and Aymer inherited his father's French lands, but had to wait until his mother died in 1307 to succeed to the Earldom. In 1320, his first wife Béatrice <mask> died.In 1321, Aymer married his second wife Marie de St Pol. Through inheritance and marriages his lands consisted ofapart from the county palatine in Pembrokeshireproperty spread out across England primarily in a strip from Gloucestershire to East Anglia, in south-east Ireland (Wexford), and French lands in the Poitou and Calais areas. In 1297 he accompanied Edward I on a campaign to Flanders, and seems to have been knighted by this time. With his French connections he was in the following years a valuable diplomat in France for the English King. He also served as a military commander in Scotland, fighting against Robert the Bruce. In 1306 at the Battle of Methven he won the day over Bruce in a sneak attack, only to be soundly defeated by Bruce at Loudoun Hill the next year. Ordinances and Piers Gaveston Edward I died in 1307 and was succeeded by his son Edward II.The new King at first enjoyed the good will of his nobility, Valence among them. Conflict soon ensued, however, connected especially with the enormous unpopularity of Edward's favourite Piers Gaveston. Gaveston's arrogance towards the peers, and his control over Edward, united the Baronage in opposition to the King. In 1311 the initiative known as the Ordinances was introduced, severely limiting Royal powers in financial matters and in the appointment of officers. Equally important, Gaveston was expelled from the realm, as Edward I had already done once before. <mask>, who was not among the most radical of the Ordainers, and had earlier been sympathetic with the King, had now realised the necessity of exiling Gaveston. When Gaveston without permission returned from exile later the same year, a Baronial council entrusted <mask> and the Earl of Surrey, with the task of taking him into custody.This they did on 19 May 1312, but not long after Thomas of Lancaster, acting with the Earls of Warwick, Hereford and Arundel, seized Gaveston and executed him on 19 June. This act had the effect of garnering support for the King, and marginalising the rebellious earls. As far as <mask> was concerned, the seizing and execution of a prisoner in his custody was a breach of the most fundamental chivalric codes, and a serious affront to his honour. The event must therefore be seen as pivotal in turning his sympathies away from the rebels and towards the King. Later years In the following years <mask> worked closely with the King. He was appointed the King's lieutenant in Scotland in 1314, and was present at the disastrous English defeat at the Battle of Bannockburn, where he helped lead Edward away from the field of battle. In 1317, however, while returning from a papal embassy to Avignon, he was captured by a <mask> Lamouilly, and held for ransom in Germany.The ransom of £10,400 was to cause <mask> significant financial difficulties for the remainder of his life. Although ostracised because of the murder of Gaveston, Thomas of Lancaster had regained virtual control of royal government in the period after England's defeat at Bannockburn. Proving himself as incapable to rule as Edward, however, he soon grew unpopular. <mask> was one of the magnates who in the years 1316–1318 tried to prevent civil war from breaking out between the supporters of Edward and those of Lancaster, and he helped negotiate the Treaty of Leake in Nottinghamshire in 1318, restoring Edward to power. Peace did not last long, however, as the King by now had taken on Hugh Despenser the Younger as another favourite, in much the same position as Gaveston. <mask>'s attempts at reconciliation eventually failed, and civil war broke out in 1321. In 1322 Lancaster was defeated at the Battle of Boroughbridge in what is now North Yorkshire, and executed.<mask> was among the Earls behind the conviction. Also in 1322, <mask> founded a leper hospital in Gravesend. After Boroughbridge <mask> found himself in a difficult situation. The opponents of Hugh Despenser and his father had lost all faith in him, but at the same time he found himself marginalised at court where the Despensers' power grew more and more complete. On top of this came his financial problems. On 23 June 1324, while on an embassy to France, he suddenly collapsed and died while lodging somewhere in Picardy. Legacy T. F. Tout in 1914, one of the first historians to make a thorough academic study of the period, considered <mask> the one favourable exception in an age of small-minded and incompetent leaders.Tout wrote of a "middle party", led by <mask>, representing a moderate position between the extremes of Edward and Lancaster. This "middle party" supposedly took control of royal government through the Treaty of Leake in 1318. In his authoritative study of 1972, J. R. S. Phillips rejects this view. In spite of misgivings with the King's favourites, <mask> was consistently loyal to Edward. What was accomplished in 1318 was not the takeover by a "middle party", but simply a restoration of royal power. Aymer and his sister Agnes rented one of the old manor houses of Dagenham in Essex, which has been called Valence House ever since; it is now a museum. Aymer married twice; his first marriage, before 1295, was to Beatrice, daughter of <mask> Clermont, Lord of Nesle in Picardy and Constable of France.Beatrice died in 1320, and in 1321 he married <mask> St Pol, daughter of <mask> Châtillon, Count of St Pol and Butler of France. He never had any legitimate children, but he had an illegitimate son, <mask> Valence, whose mother is unknown. <mask>'s most lasting legacy is probably through his second wife, who in 1347 founded Pembroke College, Cambridge. The family arms are still represented on the dexter side of the college arms. <mask> <mask> was buried in Westminster Abbey, where his tomb effigy can still be seen as a splendid example of late gothic architecture, elaborating on the design of the nearby tomb of Edmund Crouchback, Earl of Lancaster. Media <mask> was portrayed by Sam Spruell in the 2018 movie Outlaw King about Robert the Bruce. Notes Sources Phillips, J. R. S. Valence, <mask> <mask>, eleventh earl of Pembroke (d. 1324), Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (Oxford, 2004).|- 1270s births 1324 deaths <mask> Aymer English generals English people of the Wars of Scottish Independence English people of French descent 13th-century English nobility 14th-century English nobility

Rashid Johnson

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<mask> (born 1977) is an American artist who produces conceptual post-black art. <mask> first received critical attention when examples of his work were included in the "Freestyle Exhibition" curated by Thelma Golden at the Studio Museum in Harlem in 2001. He studied at Columbia College Chicago and the School of the Art Institute of Chicago and his work has been exhibited around the world. In addition to photography, <mask> makes audio installations, video, and sculpture. <mask> is known for both his unusual artistic productions and for his process of combining various aspects of science with black history. Early life <mask> was born in Illinois to an academic and scholar mother, Dr. <mask>m, and a Vietnam-war veteran father, <mask>, who was an artist but worked in electronics. His parents divorced when he was 2 years old and his mother remarried a man of Nigerian descent.<mask> has stated that growing up his family was based in afrocentrism and that his family celebrated Kwanzaa. <mask> was raised in the Wicker Park neighborhood of Chicago, Illinois and Evanston, Illinois, a suburb. A photography major, he earned a 2000 Bachelor of Fine Arts from Columbia College Chicago and a 2005 Master of Fine Arts from the School of the Art Institute of Chicago. While at the School of the Art Institute of Chicago, one of his mentors was Gregg Bordowitz. <mask> followed a generation of black artists who focused on the "black experience" and grew up in a generation that was influenced by hip hop and Black Entertainment Television. Because of his generation's high exposure to black culture within pop culture, his contemporary audiences have a greater understanding of the "black experience," which has enabled him to achieve a deeper race and identity interaction. His work has been exhibited at the Art Institute of Chicago; the Whitney Museum of American Art, New York; the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York; the Detroit Institute of Arts; the Walker Art Center, Minneapolis; the Corcoran Museum of Art, Washington, DC; the Institute of Contemporary Photography, New York; the Brooklyn Museum of Art, New York; and the Museum of Contemporary Art, Chicago.Career Early career As a college junior, he opened his first show at the Schneider Gallery. By 2000, he had earned a reputation for his unique photo-printing process and political content. The Freestyle exhibition at the Studio Museum in 2001 is credited with launching <mask>'s career. The curator of the show, Thelma Golden, is credited with coining the term "post-black art" in relation to that exhibit, although some suggest the term is attributable to the 1995 book The End of Blackness by Debra Dickerson, who is a favorite of <mask>'s. The term post-black now refers to art in which race and racism are prominent, but where the importance of the interaction of the two is diminished. <mask>'s most controversial exhibition was entitled Chickenbones and Watermelon Seeds: The African American Experience as Abstract Art. The subject matter was a series of stereotypical African-American food culture items such as watermelon seeds, black-eyed peas, chicken bones, and cotton seeds placed directly onto photographic paper and exposed to light using an iron-reactive process.In 2002, he exhibited at the Sunrise Museum in Charleston, West Virginia. The exhibit, entitled Manumission Papers, was named for the papers that freed slaves were required to keep to prove their freedom. The exhibition was described as being as much a cultural commentary as an imagery display, and it related to the previous "Chickenbones" exhibit. He geometrically arranged abstractions of feet, hands, and elbows in shapes such as cubes, church windows and ships. This was a considered as study in racial identity because the body parts were not identifiable. Also in 2002, presenting his photographic work using chicken bones, <mask> exhibited at the Museum of Contemporary Art, Chicago, as part of the UBS 12 x 12: New Artists, New Work series. In 2002 he exhibited his homeless men in the Diggs Gallery of Winston-Salem State University.The exhibit was entitled Seeing in the Dark and used partially illuminated subjects against deep black backgrounds. He also exhibited his homeless men work, including George (1999), in Atlanta, Georgia as part of the National Black Arts Festival at City Gallery East in July and August 2002. George was part of the Corcoran Gallery of Art November 2004 – January 2005 Common Ground: Discovering Community in 150 Years of Art, Selections From the Collection of Julia J. Norrell exhibition. George and the Common Ground exhibition appeared in several other places including the North Carolina Museum of Art in 2006. He took part in the Chicago Department of Cultural Affairs artist Open Studio Program rotation in the Chicago Landmark/National Register of Historic Places Page Brothers Building during the summer of 2003 with a three-week exhibition. He explored the "historical and contemporary nature of photography". At that time, he was represented by George N'Namdi, who owned G.R.N'Namdi, the oldest African-American-owned, exhibiting commercial gallery in the country. In conjunction with the Renaissance Society at the University of Chicago, <mask> exhibited The Evolution of the Negro Political Costume in December 2004. He presented replicas of three outfits worn by African-American politicians. He included a late 1960s dashiki worn by Jesse Jackson, a 1980s running suit worn by Al Sharpton in the '80s and a business suit worn by then United States Senator-elect Barack Obama. The presentation, which invited inspection, was as likely to evoke humorous response to the Jackson dashiki as well as critical commentary about the presentation of political attire. <mask> explored the theme of escapism at the Indianapolis Museum of Contemporary Art in a show entitled The Production of Escapism: A Solo Project by <mask>. He addressed distraction and relief from reality through art and fantasy.<mask> used photos, video and site-specific installation to study escapist tendencies through often with a sense of humor that bordered on the absurd. Post-graduate career During the summer of 2005, he took part in a Chicago Cultural Center artist exchange program exhibition featuring five emerging Chicago contemporary artists and five from Kaohsiung, Taiwan. Half of the ten were women (four from Taiwan). As part of the Crossings exhibition almost all artists had their first chance to exhibit in the country of the others. In this forum, Chicago Tribune art critic Alan G. Artner said <mask>'s audio selection imposed his artistry on all the other exhibits since he chose a rap song combined with a blunt video. Artner became a <mask> detractor in 2005 when <mask> had this and another simultaneous exhibit appearing in Chicago. He described <mask>'s exploration of the politics of race as "sloganeering or cute self-advertising" in his two-dimensional works, and his apolitical three-dimensional installations as "glib and superficial" representations.He classified <mask>'s work as more suitable for the audience seeking nothing more than American pop culture. Artner also derided <mask>'s short video contribution to the Art Institute of Chicago's Fool's Paradise exhibition as a "conflation of gospel singing with beat boxing ... that says nothing worth saying about race." Other Chicago critics describe <mask>'s subsequent work as relatively hip. The following year, after obtaining his master's degree, he moved to the Lower East Side in New York City, where he taught at the Pratt Institute. Although he is generally referred to as a photographer and sometimes referred to as a sculptor, in certain contexts, he has been referred to as an artist-magician. In an ensemble 2006 showing entitled Scarecrow, <mask> exhibited a life-sized photographic nude self-portrait that was supposed to be menacing and abrasive, but that was perceived as interesting and amusing. His Summer 2007 "Stay Black and Die" work in The Color Line exhibition at the Jack Shainman Gallery left one art critic from The New York Times wondering whether he was viewing a warning or exhortation.However, at the same time he participated in the Wadsworth Atheneum Museum of Art's For Love of the Game: Race and Sport in America exhibition that seemed to clearly address manners in which questions about race have been asked and answered on American sports fields of play. As a post-black artist, his mixed-media work, such as his Spring 2008 exhibition The Dead Lecturer, plays on race while diminishing its significance by playing with contradictions, coded references and allusions (E.g., The New Negro Escapist Social and Athletic Club (Emmett), right). The exhibit was described as "a fictional secret society of African-American intellectuals, a cross between Mensa and the Masons" that was a challenge to either condemn or endorse. Rise to prominence In November 2011, he was named as one of six finalists for the Hugo Boss Prize. In April 2012, the Museum of Contemporary Art, Chicago, presented <mask>'s first major museum solo exhibition. MCA Pamela Alper Associate Curator Julie Rodrigues Widholm curated the exhibition in close collaboration with the artist. The exhibition was a survey of the previous ten years of the artist's work.Additionally, a new MCA commission was to be shown for the first time. Throughout that latter 2010's, <mask> addressed the idea of mental health in multiple series of works, namely Anxious Men and Anxious Audiences and Broken Men. Techniques and processes <mask> uses "alchemy, divination, astronomy, and other sciences that combine the natural and spiritual worlds" to augment black history. According to a Columbia College Chicago publication, <mask> works in a variety of media with physical and visual materials that have independent artistic significance and symbolism but that are augmented by their connections to black history. According to the culture publication Flavorpill, he challenges his viewers with photography and sculpture that present the creation and dissemination of norms and expectations. However, the Chicago Tribune describes the productions resulting from his processes as lacking complexity or depth. Seattle Post-Intelligencer writer Regina Hackett described <mask> as an artist who avoids the struggles of black people and explores their strengths, while inserting himself as subject in his "aesthetic aspirations" through a variety of forums.<mask> has garnered national attention for both his unusual subject matter and for his process. In addition to portrait photography, <mask> is known for his use of a 19th-century process that uses Van Dyke brown, a transparent organic pigment, and exposure to sunlight. He achieves a painterly feel with his prints with the application of pigment using broad brush strokes. He uses a Deardorff, which forces him to interact with his subjects. His use of shea butter and tiles in his, respective, sculptural and mosaic work have significant meaning to <mask>. The former being a "signifier of African identity," whereas the latter have a more personal connection for him. As a student, a Russian and Turkish Bathouse became a place of refuge, with him viewing the white tiles as a canvas.He would even take his college assigned-reading in there with him. Personal life <mask> is married to artist Sheree Hovsepian. They live in New York City and have a son. Selected exhibitions Solo 2002: "12x12: New Artist/New Work," Museum of Contemporary Art, Chicago, IL 2003: "The Rise and Fall of a Proper Negro," moniquemeloche, Chicago, IL 2005: "Stay Black and Die," moniquemeloche, Chicago, IL 2005: "The Production of Escapism," Indianapolis Museum of Contemporary Art, Indianapolis, IN 2008: "Sharpening My Oyster Knife," Kunstmuseum Magdeberg, Germany 2008: "The New Escapist Promised Land Garden and Recreation Center," moniquemeloche, Chicago, IL 2008: "Cosmic Slops," Richard Gray Gallery, Chicago, IL 2009: "Other Aspects," David Kordansky Gallery, Los Angeles 2009: "The Dead Lecturer: Laboratory, Dojo, and Performance Space," Power House Memphis, Memphis, TN 2009: "Smoke and Mirrors," Sculpture Centre, Long Island City, NY 2012: "A Message to Our Folks," Museum of Contemporary Art, Chicago, IL 2012: "Rumble," Hauser & Wirth, New York, NY 2013: "New Growth," Ballroom Marfa, TX 2014: "Remembering D.B. Cooper," moniquemeloche, Chicago, IL 2015: "Anxious Men" at the Drawing Center in New York City.

Anton Friedrich Justus Thibaut

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<mask> (4 January 177220 March 1840), was a German jurist and musician. Early life He was born at Hamelin, in Hanover, the son of an officer in the Hanoverian army, of French Huguenot descent. After school in Hameln and Hanover, Thibaut entered the University of Göttingen as a student of jurisprudence, went from there to Königsberg, where he studied under Immanuel Kant, and afterwards to the University of Kiel, where he was a fellow-student with Niebuhr. Here, after taking his degree of doctor of laws, he became a Privat-dozent. His younger brother was <mask>, a mathematician. Jurist Early career In 1798 he was appointed extraordinary professor of civil law, and in the same year appeared his Versuche über einzelne Theile der Theorie des Rechts (1798), a collection of essays on the theory of law, of which by far the most important was entitled Über den Einfluss der Philosophie auf die Auslegung der positiven Gesetze, wherein he sought to show that history without philosophy could not interpret and explain law. In 1799, he published his Theorie der logischen Auslegung des römischen Rechts, one of his major works.In 1802 he published a short criticism of Feuerbach's theory of criminal law, which recalls in many ways the speculations of Jeremy Bentham. The same year appeared Über Besitz und Verjahrung, a treatise on the law of possession and the limitation of actions. In 1802 Thibaut was called to Jena, where he spent three years and wrote, in <mask>'s summer-house, his chief work, System des Pandektenrechts (1803), which ran into many editions. The fame of this book results from its being the first modern complete compendium of the subject, distinguished alike by the accuracy of its sources and the freedom and unpedantic manner in which the subject is handled. It is, in effect, a codification of the Roman law as it then obtained in Germany, modified by canon law and the practice of the courts into a comprehensive system of Pandect law. At the invitation of the grand-duke of Baden, Thibaut went to Heidelberg to fill the chair of civil law and to assist in organizing the university; and he never left the town, though in later years, as his fame grew, he was offered places at Göttingen, Munich and Leipzig. His class was large, his influence great; and, except Gustav Hugo and Savigny, no civilian of his time was so well known.Civil law essay In 1814 appeared his Civilistische Abhandlungen ("Treatises on Civil Law"), of which the principal was his famous essay, the parent of so much literature, Über die Nothwendigkeit eines allgemeinen bürgerlichen Rechts für Deutschland ("On the Necessity of a General Civil Law for Germany"). It was inspired by the enthusiasm of the so-called German Wars of Liberation against Napoleon (1813–1814) and written in fourteen days. <mask> himself explained in the Archiv für die civilistische Praxis, in 1838, the origin of this memorable essay. He had realized the change denoted by the march of German soldiers to Paris in 1814, and the happy future opened up for Germany. The system of small states he hoped and believed would continue; for the big state he considered crushing to the life of the individual and harmful as concentrating the "warm life" of the nation in one central point. In his judgment the only unity practicable and needful for Germany was that of law; and for this he urged all the German governments to labour. The essay was as much a condemnation of the entire state of jurisprudence as an argument for codification; it was a challenge to civilians to justify their very existence.Savigny took up the challenge thus thrown down when he wrote Über den Beruf unserer Zeit für Gesetzgebung und Rechtswissenschaft (1814); and a long controversy as to points not very clearly defined took place. The glory of the controversy belonged to Savigny; the real victory rested with Thibaut. Later life In 1819 he was appointed to the upper house of the newly constituted Baden parliament. He was also made member of the Scheidungsgericht (divorce court). In 1836 Thibaut published his Erorterungen des römischen Rechts. One of his last works was a contribution in 1838 to the Archiv für die civilistische Praxis, of which he was one of the editors (see below). Thibaut married, in 1800, a daughter of Professor Ahlers of Kiel.He died after a short illness, at Heidelberg. Legacy Thibaut, a man of strong personality, was much more than a jurist: he has a place in the history of music. Palestrina and the early composers of church music were his delight; and in 1824 he published, anonymously, Über die Reinheit der Tonkunst (Purity of Music), in which he eulogized the old music, especially that of Palestrina. He was an ardent collector of old compositions, and often sent young men to Italy, at his own expense, to discover interesting musical manuscripts. Among the masters of German prose, too, Thibaut has a place. His style, though simple, is richly expressive. The framers of the new German civil code (Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch) in 1879 owed the arrangement of their matter in no small degree to Thibaut's method and clear classification, but beyond this, the code, based on the civil law of the several German states, which was adroitly blended by the usus pandectarum into an harmonious whole, does not reflect his influence.He was one of the earliest to criticize the divisions found in the Institutes, and he carried on with Gustav Hugo a controversy as to these points. <mask>'s legal work was soon superseded by that of his successor, Karl Adolf von Vangerow (1805–1870), and his textbooks fell out of use. John Austin, who owed much to him, describes him as one "who for penetrating acuteness, rectitude of judgment and depth of learning and eloquence of exposition, may be placed by the side of <mask> von Savigny, at the head of all living civilians." References 1772 births 1840 deaths People from Hamelin Jurists from Lower Saxony German male musicians People from the Electorate of Hanover 18th-century jurists 19th-century jurists

Blanche Robinson

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<mask> (Mrs. <mask>, née Williams; 18 May 1883, near Liberty, Kansas – 19 August 1969, Los Angeles) was an American composer and well-known piano accompanist. During her prolific years as a composer, she lived in New York City. During her more active years as a piano accompanist, she lived in Los Angeles. In her published music, she was known as Mrs. M<mask> or Mrs. M<mask>. Two <mask>s & two <mask> of the same era {| border= .2px solid #000000; cellpadding="5" style="color: black; background-color: #ffffdd;" |-valign="top" |width="100%"|(i) Because <mask>'s maiden name was "Williams" and (ii) because <mask> wrote and used poetry in art songs that she composed, she might be confused with <mask> (b 1895), the poet from Virginia — who, separately, might be confused with <mask>, PhD (1879–1944), the author and former head of the English department at Hunter College. '|} Music career Before she became a teenager, <mask> began accepting engagements in concert work, and under the management of Mr. Pardee and Miss Weber toured the Middle West in recital as concert pianist. In 1901 her father's business called him to California, and the family moved to Los Angeles.For nearly three years after arriving in Los Angeles, <mask> did concert work and was soloist on many notable programs. Around 1904, <mask> began specializing exclusively in accompaniment. She accompanied artists that included George Hamlin, Jeannie Jornelli, Marcella Craft, Maggie Teyte, Heimo Haitto, and Pavlowa, Franz Wilcez and Hugo Herrman. For nine years she was the accompanist for the Woman's Lyric Club, and for five years of the Ellis Club. <mask> became a pupil in composition of Frederick Stephenson in Los Angeles. Her The Woman at Home, a chorus for women's voices, was performed with much success by the Lyric Club. Among her better-known compositions are Songs of You, The Mystic Hour, Youth, Fairies, Butterflies, The Dawn of Dawns, and a chorus for men's voices, A Song for Heroes.She performed under the management of Mr. Behymer in concert work. She also performed with Ebell Club, the Friday Morning Club, the Gamut Club, and many leading artists who toured Los Angeles. Family Father: Oliver David Williams (1854 Kentucky – 1932, Venice, California) Mother: Joanna Williams, née Dickerson (25 Oct 1855 Crawfordsville, Indiana – Oct 1949, Venice, California) Husband: Martin Hennion <mask> (18 January 1878 Missouri – 2 May 1964 Los Angeles) and <mask> were married September 27, 1904, in Los Angeles, at the Central Methodist Episcopal Church, Los Angeles. <mask> died August 19, 1969, in Los Angeles.<ref>"Vital Records: Deaths," Los Angeles Times, August 21, 1969</ref> Her ashes are stored at Woodlawn Memorial Cemetery, Santa Monica, next to those of her daughter Dorothy B<mask> (1906 Los Angeles – 2004), also a pianist. Music club and sorority affiliations Both <mask> and her daughter, <mask>, were members of The Dominant Club, a Los Angeles charitable club of women musicians founded in 1906 that promotes women in classical music and chamber music. <mask> was a charter member and past president of The Dominant Club. In 1928, <mask> was inducted as an honorary member of Sigma Alpha Iota (ΣΑΙ), Sigma Xi Chapter of the University of California, Los Angeles.ΣΑΙ is an international fraternity for women in music. Early education At age nine, <mask>'s family moved to Chicago; there, she began eight-years of study with William Charles Ernest Seeboeck (21 August 1859 Vienna, Austria – 1907 Chicago), a gifted pianist and composer who had been a student of Anton Rubinstein (1829–1894). Selected compositions "Love Was a Beggar," written for Mary McCormic, music by <mask> "Love's Trilogy," a song for four-part chorus of women's voices, words by E. Sterrett, music by <mask>, G. Schirmer (1925) "The Fairies," words & music by <mask>, G. Schirmer (1926) "The Woman at Home," a chorus for women's voices "Songs of You" "The Mystic Hour" "Youth," music by <mask>, words by Mrs. Louise Stedman Bostick "Butterflies" "The Dawn of Dawns," music by <mask>, words by Ina Donna Coolbrith "The Chudder Weaver," for high or medium voice, music by <mask>, words by Frances Hull Topping (b. 1879), G. Schirmer (©July 3, 1937) "Two pictures," for voice and piano, G. Schirmer (©1924) LCCN unk84197289 "The Lover's Errand" Ellis Club of Los Angeles Collection of Musical Arrangements and Papers Processed by the staff of the Dept. of Music Special Collections, UCLA UCLA Library, Performing Arts Special Collections Online Archive of California "Baffled," in C minor, music by <mask> (TTBB - voice parts only); words by Helen Combes (mimeograph, n.d.) (©May 31, 1932), Harms, Inc. "Marmela," music by <mask> (TTBB, voice parts only); words by Mabel W. Phillips (mimeograph, n.d.) "A Song for Heroes," music by Robinson (TTBB), words by Edwin Markham (mimeograph, n.d.) "King Robert of Sicily," music by Robinson (SATB with narration; chorus parts only); words by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow (mimeograph, n.d.) "Liebestraum," by Franz Liszt, arrangement (TTBB) and words by Robinson (mimeograph, n.d.) Discography Participation in a judges panel to select a California state song In 1921, Lynden Ellsworth Behymer (1862–1947), impresario, and Bessie Bartlett Frankel (Mrs. Cecil Frankel), donated a sum of money to the California Federation of Music Clubs to hold a contest for lyrics to a state song "of real value." The judges were Benjamin Franklin Field (1868–1960), chairman of the federation and chairman of the committee of judges, Grace Atherton Dennen (1874–1927), editor and publisher of The Lyric West, and Blanche Robinson. The judges selected Mary Lennox of San Francisco on January 17, 1922, as the winner for her composition, California, Sweet Homeland of Mine.References 1883 births 1969 deaths Women classical composers American classical pianists American women classical pianists Burials at Woodlawn Memorial Cemetery, Santa Monica 20th-century American women pianists 20th-century classical pianists 20th-century American pianists

Notker the Stammerer

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<mask> the Stammerer ( – 6 April 912), also known as <mask>us (From ), or simply <mask>, was a Benedictine monk at the Abbey of Saint Gall, now in Switzerland, where he was a leading literary scholar of the Early Middle Ages. He was active as a poet, scholar and possibly composer, as he is usually credited with an important collection of early sequences in Liber hymnorum. <mask> wrote Vita Sancti Galli and is commonly accepted to be the "Monk of Saint Gall" (Monachus Sangallensis) who wrote Gesta Karoli (the "deeds of Charlemagne"). He was contemporary with the fellow monks Tuotilo and Ratpert. Biography <mask> was born around 840, to a distinguished family. He would seem to have been born at Jonschwil on the River Thur, south of Wil, in what would become much later (in 1803) the canton of Saint Gall in Switzerland; some sources claim Elgg to be his place of birth. He studied with Tuotilo at Saint Gall's monastic school, and was taught by , and the Irishman, Moengall.He became a monk there and is mentioned as librarian in 890 and as master of guests in 892–4. He was chiefly active as a teacher, and displayed refinement of taste as poet and author. Ekkehard IV, the biographer of the monks of Saint Gall, lauds him as "delicate of body but not of mind, stuttering of tongue but not of intellect, pushing boldly forward in things Divine, a vessel of the Holy Spirit without equal in his time". He died in 912. He was beatified in 1512. Works He completed Erchanbert's chronicle, arranged a martyrology, composed a metrical biography of Saint Gall, and authored other works. In his martyrology, he appeared to corroborate one of St Columba's miracles.St Columba, being an important father of Irish monasticism, was also important to St Gall and thus to <mask>'s own monastery. Adomnan of Iona had written that at one point Columba had through clairvoyance seen a city in Italy near Rome being destroyed by fiery sulphur as a divine punishment and that three thousand people had perished. And shortly after Columba saw this, sailors from Gaul arrived to tell the news of it. <mask> claimed in his martyrology that this event happened and that an earthquake had destroyed a city which was called 'new'. It is unclear what this city was that Notker was claiming, although some thought it may have been Naples (previously called 'Neapolis' – new city). However Naples was destroyed by a volcano in 512 before Columba was born, and not during Columba's lifetime. His Liber Hymnorum, created between 881 and 887, is an early collection of Sequences, which he called "hymns", mnemonic poems for remembering the series of pitches sung during a melisma in plainchant, especially in the Alleluia.It is unknown how many or which of the works contained in the collection are his. The hymn Media Vita was erroneously attributed to him late in the Middle Ages. Ekkehard IV wrote of fifty sequences composed by <mask>. He was formerly considered to have been the inventor of the sequence, a new species of religious lyric, but this is now considered doubtful, though he did introduce the genre into Germany. It had been the custom to prolong the Alleluia in the Mass before the Gospel, modulating through a skillfully harmonized series of tones. <mask> learned how to fit the separate syllables of a Latin text to the tones of this jubilation; this poem was called the sequence (q.v. ), formerly called the "jubilation".(The reason for this name is uncertain.) From 881–7 Notker dedicated a collection of such verses to Bishop Liutward of Vercelli, but it is not known which or how many are his. The Monk of Saint Gall The "Monk of Saint Gall" (Latin: Monachus Sangallensis; the name is not contemporary, being given by modern scholars), the ninth-century writer of a volume of didactic eulogistic anecdotes regarding the Emperor Charlemagne, is now commonly believed to be <mask> the Stammerer. This monk is known from his work to have been a native German-speaker, deriving from the Thurgau, only a few miles from the Abbey of Saint Gall; the region is also close to where Notker is believed to have derived from. The monk himself relates that he was raised by Adalbert, a former soldier who had fought against the Saxons, the Avars ("Huns" in his text) and the Slavs under the command of Kerold, brother of Hildegard, Charlemagne's second wife; he was also a friend of Adalbert's son, Werinbert, another monk at Saint Gall, who died as the book was in progress. His teacher was Grimald von Weißenburg, the Abbot of Saint Gall from 841 to 872, who was, the monk claims, himself a pupil of Alcuin. The monk's untitled work, referred to by modern scholars as De Carolo Magno ("Concerning Charles the Great") or Gesta Caroli Magni ("The Deeds of Charles the Great"), is not a biography but consists instead of two books of anecdotes relating chiefly to the Emperor Charlemagne and his family, whose virtues are insistently invoked.It was written for Charles the Fat, great-grandson of Charlemagne, who visited Saint Gall in 883. It has been scorned by traditional historians, who refer to the Monk as one who "took pleasure in amusing anecdotes and witty tales, but who was ill-informed about the true march of historical events", and describe the work itself as a "mass of legend, saga, invention and reckless blundering": historical figures are claimed as living when in fact dead; claims are attributed to false sources (in one instance, the Monk claims that "to this King Pepin [the Short] the learned Bede has devoted almost an entire book of his Ecclesiastical History"; no such account exists in Bede's history – unsurprisingly, given that Bede died in 735 during the reign of Charlemagne's grandfather Charles Martel); and Saint Gall is frequently referenced as a location in anecdotes, regardless of historical verisimilitude (Pepin the Hunchback, for example, is supposed to have been sent to Saint Gall as punishment for his rebellion, and – in a trope owed to Livy's tale of Tarquin and the poppies – earns a promotion to rich Prüm Abbey after advising Charlemagne through an implicit parable of hoeing thistles to execute another group of rebels). The Monk also mocks and criticizes bishops and the prideful, high-born incompetent, showy in dress and fastidious and lazy in habits, whilst lauding the wise and skillful government of the Emperor with nods to the deserving poor. Several of the Monk's tales, such as that of the nine rings of the Avar stronghold, have been used in modern biographies of Charlemagne. The Monk of Saint Gall is commonly believed to be Notker the Stammerer: Louis Halphen has delineated the points of similarity between the two: the Monk claims to be old, toothless and stammerering; and both share similar interests in church music, write with similar idioms, and are fond of quoting Virgil. The text is dated to the 880s from mentions in it of Carloman (died 880), half-brother of Charles the Fat, the "circumscribed lands" of Carloman's son Arnulf, who succeeded as King of the Germans in 887, and the destruction of Prüm Abbey, which occurred in 882. Notes References Sources External links Opera Omnia by Migne Patrologia Latina with analytical indexes Notker's commentary on The Consolation of Philosophy by Boethius from e-codices.com Catholic Encyclopedia, accessed on 25 April 2006 Saint of the Day, April 6: Notker Balbulus at SaintPatrickDC.org 840s births 912 deaths Year of birth uncertain Frankish Benedictines Medieval writers Medieval Latin poets 9th-century Latin writers Beatified people Frankish historians 9th-century Christian monks 10th-century Christian monks Benedictine monks Male musicians 9th-century musicians 10th-century musicians Writers of the Carolingian Empire Carolingian poets 9th-century composers 10th-century composers

Luigi Ontani

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<mask> (Grizzana Morandi, 24 November 1943) is an Italian multidisciplinary artist, known as a painter, photographer and sculptor. Early life and education <mask> was born 24 November 1943 in Grizzana Morandi, Italy. <mask> studied at the Academy of Fine Arts of Bologna. <mask> began his artistic career in the 1970s when he became known for his tableau vivants: photographed and videotaped performances in which he presented himself in different ways: from Pinocchio to Dante, Saint Sebastian to Bacchus. These displays of "actionism" (different from Viennese Actionism, to which Hermann Nitsch is associated) verge on kitsch and raise personal narcissism to a higher level. Career Throughout his long career <mask> has expressed his creativity and poetics through the use of many different techniques: from his "oggetti pleonastici" (1965–1969), made in plaster, to the "stanza delle similitudini," made with objects cut in corrugated fiberboard. He has often anticipated the use of techniques subsequently adopted by other artists: his first Super 8 films were made between 1969 and 1972.With his work "Ange Infidele" (1968) Ontani begins to experiment with photography. From the beginning his photography has been characterized by some particular elements: the subject is always the artist himself, who uses his own body and face to personify historic, mythological, literary and popular themes; the chosen formats are usually miniature and gigantography, and each work is considered unique. From the late 1960s on are "Teofania" (1969), "San Sebastiano nel bosco di Calvenzano, d'apres Guido Reni" Tentazione," "Meditazione, d'apres de la Tour," "Bacchino" (1970), "Tell il Giovane," "Raffaello," "Dante," " Pinocchio" (1972), "Lapsus Lupus," the diptych "EvAdamo" (1973), "Leda e il Cigno" (1974), "I grilli e i tappeti volanti" that will be followed by other "d'apres," and the first Indian cycle "En route vers l'Inde, d'apres Pierre Lotti." His first artistic photography has a historic importance because it anticipates a phenomenon that will be widespread and popular from the 1980s. While working on his photographs Ontani began to make his first tableaux vivants. From 1969 to 1989 the artist made around 30 of these exhibitions, again foreshadowing the so-called interactive installations, which are based on the mixture of various technologies. With this same attitude he has created works in papier-mâché, glass, wood (he has made numerous masks, especially on Bali, with Pule wood) and, more rarely, in bronze, marble, and fabric.He has also made notorious works in ceramic, thanks to the cooperation with Bottega Gatti of Faenza, Venera Finocchiaro in Rome, and the Terraviva laboratory of Vietri: some of them are his "pineal" masks, the "Ermestetiche," and the last great works such as "GaneshaMusa" and "NapoleonCentaurOntano." <mask> has not used all these different techniques as ends in themselves but as occasions to experiment new possibilities and formulate new variations of the themes and subjects that interest him the most: his own "transhistoric" travel through myth, the mask, the symbol and iconographic representation. He has exhibited his works in some of the most important museums and galleries of the world, from the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum to the Pompidou Centre, the Museo Reina Sofía to the Frankfurter Kunstverein. He has also participated in several editions of the Venice, Sydney, and Lyon biennales. Recently he has had four important retrospectives at the MoMA (2001), the SMAK in Ghent (2003–2004), the MAMbo in Bologna (2008), and the Accademia di San Luca, also called the Accademia Nazionale di San Luca, in Rome (2017). The retrospective in Rome marks his receiving the Premio Presidente della Repubblica award in 2015. In 1982, <mask>'s work was featured in the exhibition, "Italian Art Now: An American Perspective" at the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, alongside other Italian artists, Sandro Chia, Enzo Cucchi, Gilberto Zorio, Giuseppe Penone, Nino Longobardi, and Vettor Pisani.<mask>'s work was credited on Bjork's album Volta as the inspiration for the costume that she can be seen wearing on the album's cover photo. Group exhibitions Venice Biennale (1972,1978,1984,1995) Pompidou Centre, Paris: "Identité italienne: Art en Italie depuis 1959" (1981) Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, New York City: "Italian Art Now: An American Perspective" (1982) Frankfurter Kunstverein: "1960-1985 Aspekte der Italienischen Kunst" (1986) VI Sydney Biennale (1986) Museo Reina Sofía, Madrid: "La otra escultura. A Palazzo Carpegna a Roma" (in Italian) Italian contemporary artists 1943 births Living people People from Grizzana Morandi Accademia di Belle Arti di Bologna alumni

Terry Richardson

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Terrence "<mask>" <mask> (born August 14, 1965) is an American fashion and portrait photographer. He has shot advertising campaigns for Marc Jacobs, Aldo, Supreme, Sisley, Tom Ford, and Yves Saint Laurent among others, and also done work for magazines such as Rolling Stone, GQ, Vogue, Vanity Fair, Harper's Bazaar, i-D, and Vice. Since 2001, <mask> has been accused by multiple models of sexual misconduct. In 2017, brands and magazines that had worked with <mask> in the past began distancing themselves from him, and said they would no longer employ him. He has not actively worked as a photographer since 2018. Early life <mask> was born in New York City, the son of Norma Kessler, an actress, and <mask>, a fashion photographer who struggled with schizophrenia and drug abuse. <mask>'s father was Irish Catholic and his mother is Jewish.Following the divorce of his parents, <mask> moved to Woodstock, New York, with his mother and stepfather, English guitarist Jackie Lomax. <mask> later moved to the Hollywood neighborhood of Los Angeles, where he attended Hollywood High School. He moved with his mother to Ojai, California, where he attended Nordhoff High School, when he was 16. <mask> originally wanted to be a punk rock musician rather than a photographer. He played bass guitar in the punk rock band The Invisible Government for four years. He played bass for a variety of other punk bands in Southern California including Signal Street Alcoholics, Doggy Style, Baby Fist and Middle Finger. Career <mask>'s mother reportedly gave him his first snapshot camera in 1982, which he used to document his life and the punk rock scene in Ojai.In 1992, <mask> quit music and moved to the East Village neighborhood of New York City, where he began photographing young people partying and other nightlife. It was in New York City that he had his first "big break." His first published fashion photos appeared in Vibe in 1994. His Vibe spread was shown at Paris' International Festival de la Mode later that year. Following the showing, <mask> shot an advertising campaign for fashion designer Katharine Hamnett's spring 1995 collection. The campaign was noted for images of young women wearing short skirts with their pubic hair showing. <mask> then moved to London and worked for the magazines The Face, i-D and Arena.Throughout his career, <mask> has shot the campaigns of fashion brands and designers such as: Marc Jacobs, Aldo, Supreme, Sisley, Tom Ford, and Yves Saint Laurent. He has also worked for magazines such as Rolling Stone, GQ, Vogue, Vanity Fair, and Harper's Bazaar. <mask> has produced several campaigns for Diesel, including the 'Global Warming Ready' which won a Silver Lion for Print at Cannes Lions International Advertising Festival in 2007. He has produced several private portraits for the company's founder, Renzo Rosso. In September 2011, they hosted a mutual book launch together with fashion editor Carine Roitfeld, at Colette in Paris. In 2012 <mask> embarked on his first solo exhibition at Los Angeles's OHWOW Gallery, titled <mask>wood. In May 2012, a video of model Kate Upton performing the Cat Daddy dance for <mask> in his studio went viral.In December 2012, Lady Gaga announced that <mask> was filming a documentary about her life. Vice co-founder Gavin McInnes defended <mask> in 2004, saying his work was criticized by "first-year feminist types." Gallery shows <mask> held his first gallery showing in 1998. The show, entitled These Colors Don't Run and held at Alleged Gallery, coincided with the release of his first book entitled Hysteric Glamour. His work was later included in another show entitled Smile at Alleged Gallery. <mask> had his first Paris show at Galarie Emmanuel Perrotin in 1999. <mask>'s "Feared by Men Desired by Women" was shown at an exhibition at London's Shine Gallery the following year.Terryworld, an exhibition of <mask>'s work of the name, was shown in 2004 at Deitch Gallery in New York City. The Orange County Museum of Art showed <mask>'s work as part of a group show entitled Beautiful Losers in 2005. Mom + Dad, a show exhibiting work from <mask>'s book of the same name, was held at Half Gallery in New York City in 2011. The same year, photographs from <mask>'s book Hong Kong were shown at Art Hong Kong. <mask>'s work was later shown at Los Angeles's OHWOW Gallery. The exhibition was titled Terrywood and ran from February 24 to March 31, 2012. Music videos <mask> has directed music videos since the late 1990s.He directed videos for Death in Vegas and Primal Scream as well as alternate music video of the song "Find a New Way" by Young Love, and Whirlwind Heat's "Purple" featuring models Susan Eldridge and Charlotte Kemp Muhl. He directed the music video for "Red Lips" by Sky Ferreira. He also makes a cameo appearance in Thirty Seconds to Mars's video for "Hurricane". The music video for "Oldie" by Odd Future was recorded during a photoshoot with <mask> and was published on March 20, 2012. <mask> can be seen in the video snapping photos of the collective while they party and play in front of a large white backdrop. On August 29, 2013, he directed Beyoncé in a music video at Coney Island for her single "XO". He also directed "Wrecking Ball" by Miley Cyrus.In late 2013 <mask> did the treatment on the music video for "Do What U Want" by Lady Gaga and R. Kelly from her third studio album titled Artpop, but the film was never released. On August 21, 2017, <mask> directed the Anitta music video, "Vai Malandra", at Vidigal, Rio de Janeiro. Style There are several repeating themes in <mask>'s work, notably that of putting high-profile celebrities in mundane situations and photographing them using traditionally pedestrian methods, such as the use of an instant camera. His work also explores ideas of sexuality, with many of the pieces featured in his books Kibosh and Terryworld depicting full-frontal nudity and both simulated and actual sexual acts. Initially, many of <mask>'s subjects would be shot before a white background but he eventually expanded to other backdrops. He is also known for posing with his subjects, often giving them his trademark glasses so they may "pretend to be him" or, in the case of actress Chloë Sevigny, posing them in makeup and costume so that they look like him. <mask> counts Larry Clark, Nan Goldin, Diane Arbus and Robert Frank as early influences on his artistic style.His work has been praised by Helmut Newton. <mask> described his style as, "Trying to capture those unpremeditated moments when people's sexualities come up to the surface." <mask> is also known for his nonsexual portraiture. He has taken portraits of a wide variety of celebrities and politicians. Personal life Relationships and family <mask> was married to model Nikki Uberti from 1996 to 1999. <mask> dated political staffer and business woman Audrey Gelman from 2011 until 2013. He started dating his long-time photography assistant, Alexandra "Skinny" Bolotow in 2014.On March 19, 2016, Bolotow gave birth to twin boys. He has said it was "the most intense, inspiring, , and humbling experience of my life." The couple married in 2017 in Taos, New Mexico. He currently resides in Bearsville, New York. Philanthropy In 2010, <mask> became involved with RxArt, a charity that donates art to children's hospitals. Allegations of sexual misconduct Since 2001, <mask> has been accused multiple times of using his influence in the fashion industry to sexually exploit models during photo shoots, including coercing them to engage in sexual acts with him. Models with whom he has worked (including Rie Rasmussen and Jamie Peck) have accused <mask> of sexual misconduct, including exploitation.In a 2010 interview at French Institute Alliance Française, Marc Jacobs said that <mask> is "not ill-spirited". <mask> published a letter in 2014 in The Huffington Post defending himself against the accusations. <mask> said that the allegations are false and that he considers himself "considerate and respectful" of his photography subjects. Models including Noot Seear, Daisy Lowe, and Charlotte Free have defended him. In 2017, due to the allegations of <mask>'s sexual misconduct, many fashion brands and fashion magazines decided to no longer commission his work, including Valentino, Bulgari, and the Condé Nast magazines: Vogue, Glamour, Wired, Vanity Fair, and GQ. Following the professional repercussions, he has not actively worked since 2018. Publications (1998) Hysteric Glamour.Hysteric Glamour (Tokyo). . (1999) Son of Bob. Little More (Tokyo). . (2000) <mask> – Feared by Men, Desired by Women. Shine Gallery (London). . (2002) Too Much. Sisley (Italy). (2004) <mask> – The <mask> Purple Book. Purple Institute (Paris). . (2004) <mask>. Stern Gruner + Jahr (Hamburg). . (2004) Terryworld.By Dian Hanson. Taschen (Hong Kong; Los Angeles). . (2006) Kibosh. Damiani Editore (Bologna). . (2006) Manimal. Hysteric Glamour (Tokyo). (2007) Rio, Cidade Maravilhosa. Diesel/Vintage Denin (Brazil). (2011) Hong Kong.Diesel (Hong Kong). (2011) Mom & Dad. Mörel Books (London). (2011) Lady Gaga x <mask>. Grand Central Publishing (New York City). . (2016) Skinny. Idea Books (London). References External links 1965 births American erotic photographers 21st-century American photographers Commercial photographers Fashion photographers Jewish American artists Living people People from Hollywood, Los Angeles Artists from New York City People from Ojai, California Hollywood High School alumni Documentary photographers American music video directors People from the East Village, Manhattan 21st-century American Jews

André Carson

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<mask><mask> (born October 16, 1974) is an American politician serving as the U.S. representative for since 2008. A member of the Democratic Party, his district includes the southern four-fifths of Indianapolis, including Downtown Indianapolis. He became the dean of Indiana's congressional delegation following the retirement of Representative Pete Visclosky in 2021. He is the grandson of his predecessor, U.S. Representative <mask> (1938–2007), whose death in office triggered a special election. <mask> was the second Muslim to be elected to the United States Congress, following Keith Ellison of Minnesota in 2006. Personal life and early career <mask> was born and raised in Indianapolis. He graduated from Arsenal Technical High School in Indianapolis and received a Bachelor of Arts degree in criminal justice and management from Concordia University Wisconsin (2003), and a Master of Science degree in business management from Indiana Wesleyan University in Marion, Indiana (2005).At a young age, <mask>'s interest in public service was shaped by his grandmother, the late Congresswoman <mask>. <mask> grew up in a rough neighborhood, and he credits that experience for shaping his policy views on issues like education, public safety and economic opportunity. From 1996 to 2005, <mask> worked as a compliance officer for the Indiana State Excise Police, the law enforcement arm of the Indiana Alcohol and Tobacco Commission. He was later employed in the anti-terrorism division of Indiana's Department of Homeland Security and then as a marketing specialist for Cripe Architects + Engineers in Indianapolis. He served as a member of the Indianapolis/Marion city-county council from 2007 to 2008. In December 2007, <mask>'s grandmother, <mask>, who had represented Indiana's 7th district in Congress since 1997, died of lung cancer. Three months later, <mask> won a special election for his grandmother's vacant seat in the House of Representatives.<mask> has retained that legislative seat ever since. Before being elected to public office, <mask> was a Democratic Party Committeeperson in Indianapolis. In 2007, <mask> won a special caucus of the Marion County Democratic Party to become the City-County Councilor for the 15th Council district of Indianapolis-Marion County. <mask> converted to Islam in the 1990s after his exposure to the poetry of the Sufi mystic Rumi and reading The Autobiography of Malcolm X. Before converting to Islam, <mask> attended a Baptist church and was educated in a Catholic school. U.S. House of Representatives Committee assignments House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence Subcommittee on Counterterrorism, Counterintelligence and Counterproliferation (Chair) Subcommittee on Strategic Technologies and Advanced Research House Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Railroads, Pipelines, and Hazardous Materials Subcommittee on Aviation Caucus memberships Congressional Progressive Caucus New Democrat Coalition Congressional Arts Caucus Afterschool Caucuses Congressional Black Caucus Congressional Automotive Caucus Cancer Action Caucus Children's Caucus Climate Change Caucus Human Rights Caucus United States Congressional International Conservation Caucus Labor and Working Families Caucus Study Group on Public Health Democratic Budget Group LGBT Equality Caucus Military Family Caucus Renewable/Efficient Energy Caucus Americans Abroad Caucus He also serves as the Congressional Black Caucus liaison to the Sustainable Energy and Environment Coalition (CBC Liaison). In the 2008 presidential election, <mask> endorsed Senator Barack Obama in April 2008, and later won Obama's endorsement for his own May 2008 Democratic primary battle.<mask> was the first member of Indiana's Congressional Delegation to announce his support for then-candidate Obama. Tenure On March 20, 2010, <mask> told reporters that health care protesters outside the Capitol hurled racial slurs at fellow Congressional Black Caucus (CBC) member Rep. John Lewis, a Democrat from Georgia. <mask> came off the House floor and told reporters his story about health care protesters hurling racial slurs during their walk from the Cannon House Office Building to the chambers. Conservative blogger Andrew Breitbart offered a $100,000 reward for any proof of these accusations. Although audio and video recordings of the protest have been posted online, no proof of the racial slurs has yet been provided, and the reward remains unclaimed. On August 28, 2011, <mask> addressed a gathering of supporters and mentioned the Tea Party movement during his speech. "This is the effort that we're seeing of Jim Crow," <mask> said."Some of these folks in Congress right now would love to see us as second-class citizens. Some of them in Congress right now of this Tea Party movement would love to see you and me... hanging on a tree." <mask> declined calls to resign, reaffirming, "I stand on the truth of what I spoke", and clarified that his comments were directed at certain tea party leaders and not the tea party as a whole. Political positions Afghanistan and Iraq <mask> believes that "American efforts to capture and kill al Qaeda terrorists have greatly diminished" because of the Iraq War. During the War in Afghanistan, <mask> would often state his belief that al Qaeda and the Taliban posed the most imminent threat to the United States. Accordingly, he pushed for a reduction of troops in Iraq to cover the needs of the then-ongoing War in Afghanistan. Consumer protection On June 26, 2009, <mask> introduced the Jeremy Warriner Consumer Protection Act (), which would require GM and Chrysler to carry liability insurance that would cover vehicles produced before they filed for bankruptcy in early 2009.The bill is named for Jeremy Warriner, an Indianapolis resident who lost his legs when his defective Chrysler vehicle caught fire during a car accident. Disease prevention On July 24, 2008, <mask> voted to pass the Tom Lantos and Henry J. Hyde United States Global Leadership Against HIV/AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria Reauthorization Act () which provided aid to developing countries fighting high rates of HIV/AIDS, malaria, and tuberculosis. He successfully included an amendment in this bill which created "a transatlantic, technological medium of exchange that allows African scientists and American medical professionals to collaborate on the best methods for treating and preventing the spread of HIV/AIDS on the African continent." Economic recovery On February 13, 2009, <mask> voted to pass the H.R. 1, the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009, a $787 billion economic stimulus package aimed at helping the economy recover from a deepening worldwide recession. This act included increased federal spending for health care, infrastructure, education, various tax breaks and incentives, and direct assistance to individuals. The ARRA has led to billions of dollars in investment in <mask>'s district, including grants to hire more police officers and save teaching jobs, and landmark investments in green technology that will create hundreds of new jobs.Education <mask> has stated his support for programs that improve teacher education and training, improve aging school infrastructure and increase access to affordable, secondary education. <mask> is the author of H.R. 3147, the Young Adults Financial Literacy Act, which was introduced on July 9, 2009. This legislation would establish a grant program to fund partnerships between educational institutions aimed at providing financial literacy education to young adults and families. On September 17, 2009, <mask> voted to pass H.R. 3221, the Student Aid and Fiscal Responsibility Act, which will invest in the Pell Grant program and other student financial aid programs to make college more affordable. <mask> made a speech to an Islamic group that resulted in criticism from groups when he stated that American public schools should be modeled on Islamic madrassas.He granted an interview to reporter Mary Beth Schneider of The Indianapolis Star in which he maintained his speech remarks had been taken out of context. On the same date, he issued a press release clarifying his position that no "particular faith should be the foundation of our public schools." Energy and environment <mask> has supported investment in the development of new technologies that will reduce American dependence on foreign oil, create thousands of new jobs and begin to correct the adverse environmental effects of fossil fuels. <mask> has opposed legislation to increase offshore drilling for oil or natural gas, instead promoting use of solar, wind, biofuel, biomass, and other renewable fuels. On June 26, 2009, <mask> voted to pass H.R. 2454, the American Clean Energy and Security Act, which seeks to comprehensively address the effects of climate change by funding development of alternative energy technologies and implementing a cap and trade system. Financial services <mask> has been a Member of the House Committee on Financial Services since taking office in 2008.<mask> voted to pass legislation enacting the Troubled Asset Relief Program on October 3, 2008. He has also voted to pass legislation increasing oversight over the Troubled Asset Relief Program, limiting executive pay, reforming sub-prime mortgage markets and regulating the financial industry. <mask> was a cosponsor of , the Credit Cardholders Bill of Rights, which sought to increase transparency and regulation in the credit card industry. This legislation was signed into law by President Obama on May 22, 2009. <mask> has voiced his support for legislation creating the Consumer Finance Protection Agency and monitoring systemic risk in the financial sector. Health care reform <mask> is a strong supporter of health care reform legislation that increases access to medical care for millions of uninsured Americans and provides a more stable system for those at risk of losing their health insurance. On July 30, 2009, he signed a letter from the Congressional Progressive Caucus to House leadership, calling for a robust public option to be included in any health care reform bill.He has opposed taxes both on the medical device industry and employer provided health insurance plans as a means to pay for health care reform. Instead, he has called for finding savings in the current health system by reducing waste, fraud and abuse in the Medicare system, as well as implementing a surcharge on the wealthiest Americans as a means to cover the costs of reform. He has also voiced his opposition for health care reform legislation that increases the deficit. On November 7, 2009, <mask> voted to pass H.R. 3962, the Affordable Health Care for America Act, the House version of legislation designed to reform the American health insurance industry. Housing Citing a high foreclosure rate in Indianapolis, <mask> has named foreclosure prevention and increased affordable housing to be among his top priorities. On May 7, 2009, <mask> voted to pass the Mortgage Reform and Anti-Predatory Lending Act of 2009 (), which regulates the mortgage lending industry by setting limits on types of loans offered to potential borrowers.<mask> authored an amendment to this legislation that funded the distribution of information about foreclosure rescue scams through targeted mailings. Impeachment of Donald Trump On December 18, 2019, <mask> voted for both articles of impeachment against President Donald J. Trump and was one of only two House Representatives from Indiana to do so, along with Rep. Peter Visclosky. Israel <mask> is opposed to the Israeli settlements in built in Palestinian territory, describing them as "illegitimate and a major barrier to peace". In July 2019, <mask> voted against a House resolution condemning the Global Boycott, Divestment, and Sanctions Movement targeting Israel. The resolution passed 398–17. In September 2021, <mask> was one of 9 Congressmen to vote against funding Israel's Iron Dome missile defense program. National security <mask> is the only Member of Congress to have served in a Department of Homeland Security Fusion Center.He has voted to increase appropriations funding for the Department of Homeland Security. In 2017, <mask> attended a protest, at Indianapolis International Airport against President Donald Trump's executive order to temporarily place limits on immigration until better screening methods are devised. <mask> decried the executive order as being part of a "bigotry campaign" and stated "For those who want to make America great again, we have to remind them that the first article of the constitution says congress shall make no law respecting [the] establishment of religion. Make no mistake about it: This is a Muslim ban." Public safety In 2009, <mask> introduced two pieces of legislation aimed at reducing incidents of recidivism. The Recidivism Reduction Act () aims to attack the cycle of recidivism by ensuring prompt access to federal supplemental security income and Medicaid benefits for ex-offenders re-entering society and addressing the gap in mental health services. The Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act would repeal federal laws that prevent drug felons from receiving TANF benefits.In 2008, <mask> helped the City of Indianapolis secure a federal COPS grant to hire more police officers. The grant was awarded as part of the ARRA. Political campaigns 2008 Special election In 2008, <mask> won the nominating caucus of the Marion County Democratic Party, giving him the Democratic nomination for the special election to succeed his late grandmother, Congresswoman <mask>. During this election, he was endorsed by U.S. Senator Evan Bayh, then-Senator Barack Obama, former Indianapolis Mayor Bart Peterson, Marion County Sheriff Frank J. Anderson, then-Representative from Indiana's 8th district Brad Ellsworth, and retired U.S. Congressman Andy Jacobs, Jr. U.S. House Majority Leader Steny Hoyer (D-Md.) and U.S. House Speaker Nancy Pelosi (D-Calif.) contributed $4,000 each from their own campaign funds and $10,000 each from their political action committees to the <mask> campaign.<mask> defeated Republican State Representative Jon Elrod and Libertarian Sean Shepard in the special election on March 11, 2008, securing 53% of the vote. <mask> won the primary election with 46%, while Woody Myers received 24%, David Orentlicher received 21%, and Carolene Mays received 8%. <mask> and was set to face off in the General Election against Elrod, but Elrod dropped out. Gabrielle Campo was selected by a party caucus to face the incumbent, <mask>. <mask> was re-elected in November 2008 to his first full term in Congress with 65% of the vote. Since that time, <mask>'s hometown newspaper, The Indianapolis Star, has praised him for "going strong" in his first year in office, writing that <mask> has "[proven] himself to be relentlessly positive and seriously hardworking." 2010 In 2010, <mask> again faced perennial Republican candidate Marvin Scott, who took issue with <mask>'s Muslim faith during the general election.However, <mask> handily defeated Scott to retain his seat. 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020 See also List of African-American United States representatives List of Muslim members of the United States Congress References External links Congressman <mask> official U.S. House website <mask> for Congress |- 1974 births 21st-century American politicians African-American members of the United States House of Representatives African-American Muslims African-American people in Indiana politics American former Christians Concordia University Wisconsin alumni Converts to Islam from Protestantism Democratic Party members of the United States House of Representatives Indiana Democrats Indiana Wesleyan University alumni Indianapolis City-County Council members Living people Members of the United States House of Representatives from Indiana Muslim members of the United States House of Representatives Arsenal Technical High School alumni 21st-century African-American politicians 20th-century African-American people

Andrew Ference

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<mask> (born March 17, 1979) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey defenseman. Ference started in the NHL during the 1999–2000 season and played for the Pittsburgh Penguins, Calgary Flames, Boston Bruins and the Edmonton Oilers. In 2011, Ference helped the Bruins to their sixth Stanley Cup championship. Ference was born in Edmonton, Alberta, but grew up in Sherwood Park, Alberta. Playing career WHL and Pittsburgh Penguins Ference began his hockey career in the Western Hockey League (WHL) with the Portland Winterhawks. After two full seasons with the team, he was selected 208th overall by the Pittsburgh Penguins in the 1997 NHL Entry Draft. Ference was not ranked by Central Scouting for the draft.In response, Ference sent a letter to every NHL general manager indicating his belief he would play in the NHL and also enclosed testing results conducted by the University of Alberta. Ference played two more seasons with Portland and had a brief stint in the International Hockey League (IHL) with the Kansas City Blades before joining Pittsburgh in 1999. After making his NHL debut on October 1, 1999, in a game against the Dallas Stars, Ference scored his first NHL goal a month later against the Nashville Predators on November 13, 1999. He split his rookie season between Pittsburgh and their American Hockey League (AHL) affiliate, the Wilkes-Barre/Scranton Penguins, finishing with 6 points (2 goals, 4 assists) in 30 NHL games and 28 points (8 goals, 20 assists) in 44 AHL games. The next season, Ference continued to share time between both Penguins teams. <mask> played in his first NHL playoffs with Pittsburgh in 2001, playing 18 games and scoring 3 goals and 10 points before the Penguins were eliminated by the New Jersey Devils. In his third NHL season, Ference established himself as a full-time NHLer, scoring 11 points in 75 games.Calgary Flames and NHL Lockout On February 9, 2003, in the middle of the 2002–03 season, <mask> was traded to the Calgary Flames for future considerations. He posted 4 assists in 16 games during the remainder of the season with Calgary. The next season, he registered 16 points with 4 goals and 12 assists in 72 games for Calgary and also played 26 playoff games posting 3 assists. Calgary reached the Stanley Cup Finals, where they lost to the Tampa Bay Lightning. With the 2004–05 NHL season suspended due to a lock-out, <mask> played in the Czech Republic for HC České Budějovice. <mask> returned to the Flames when the NHL restarted the next season. He played all 82 games of the season for the first time in his career, scoring 4 goals, and 27 assists for a career high 31 points.Boston Bruins The following season, on February 10, 2007, he was traded, along with teammate Chuck Kobasew, to the Boston Bruins for defenceman Brad Stuart and centre Wayne Primeau. Ference scored 1 goal, along with 15 assists, during the 2008–09 NHL season. On March 23, 2010, he agreed on a three-year contract extension with the Bruins worth an annual average salary of $2.25 million. On April 22, 2011, Ference was fined $2,500 for an obscene gesture to the crowd at the Bell Centre in Game 4 of the playoffs first round series against the Montreal Canadiens. Ference's initial comments after the incident indicated it was an "equipment malfunction," though he later confessed it had been an intentional gesture following an emotional playoff goal. Some teammates credited this incident as a turning point in their eventual Stanley Cup Victory. In the Bruins 4–3 game 7 victory over the Montreal of the same series, Ference drew much ire for a questionable collision to the head of Canadiens' Jeff Halpern, but upon a disciplinary hearing it was ruled that the hit did not warrant any sort of disciplinary action.On June 15, 2011, Ference and the Boston Bruins defeated the Vancouver Canucks 4–0 in Game 7 of the Final to win the Stanley Cup. The next season Ference scored 6 goals, a career high, and was named alternate captain during home games for the first half of the season, and during away games for the second half of the season. Edmonton Oilers On July 5, 2013, he signed a four-year deal as a free agent with his hometown team, the Edmonton Oilers. On September 29, Ference was named the 14th captain in Oilers NHL franchise history, succeeding Shawn Horcoff, who had been traded to the Dallas Stars. On October 7, 2015, after serving as the Oilers captain for the past two seasons, it was announced that Ference had relinquished his role as captain and was named as an alternate captain, along with Taylor Hall, Jordan Eberle and Ryan Nugent-Hopkins. After playing in just six games of the 2015–16 NHL season, Ference was placed on IR to undergo season-ending hip surgery. On September 16, 2016, Ference announced his retirement after 16 seasons.He however remained on the Oilers long-term injured list for the duration of the 2016–17 season, before formally ending his career at the conclusion of his contract on July 13, 2017. Post playing career In 2018 Ference joined the NHL as its first director of social impact, growth and fan development. His focus will be on grass-roots growth, community development efforts, engaging minority fans and players, and better facilitating relations between players and the league. Personal life Family Ference and Krista Bradford, a former professional snowboarder, married in 2002. They have two daughters together. Environmentalism Ference's association with environmentalist David Suzuki while in Calgary led him to create a carbon-neutral program for the NHL, which now includes over 500 players who purchase carbon offset credits to counteract the negative environmental impact of professional sports. In February 2012, National Geographic began a ten-episode Web series called "Beyond the Puck" highlighting <mask>'s life as a NHL Player and "eco-warrior."Stanley Cup Parade On September 5, 2011, following the Bruins Stanley Cup championship, Ference organized and led a parade and flash mob in Boston's North End, which is the area where he resided during the NHL season. After bringing the Stanley Cup to and from Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital on a bike trailer, Ference brought the Cup to an area of the North End outside the TD Garden. There, the Cup was hoisted up on a platform carried by friends and family, and paraded through the North End, with many stops at local shops along the way. Ference and the other Cup-carriers were accompanied by a marching band, members of The Boston Bruins Ice Girls, and the Boston Bruins mascot Blades. Hundreds of fans also joined them for the parade, which was concluded with a dancing flash mob. Other Ference is a fan of English Premier League football club Arsenal F.C. Ference is also a member of the popular November Project workout tribe in Boston and Edmonton.Career statistics Regular season and playoffs International Awards and honours References External links 1979 births Living people Boston Bruins players Calgary Flames players Canadian ice hockey defencemen Edmonton Oilers players Ice hockey people from Alberta Kansas City Blades players Memorial Cup winners Motor České Budějovice players Pittsburgh Penguins draft picks Pittsburgh Penguins players Portland Winterhawks players Sportspeople from Edmonton Sportspeople from Sherwood Park Wilkes-Barre/Scranton Penguins players King Clancy Memorial Trophy winners Canadian expatriate ice hockey players in the Czech Republic

Rob Henry (American football)

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<mask>, III (born January 26, 1990) is a former American football safety. He previously played safety and quarterback for the Purdue Boilermakers. <mask> attended Trinity Catholic High School in Ocala, Florida, where he played both football and baseball, and competed in track & field. <mask> led Trinity Catholic to two conference championships and a runner-up in the 2B State Championship game. He ended his high school football career with over 4,300 total yards and 39 touchdowns. After his senior season, he moved on to Purdue University where he redshirted in 2009. In his first collegiate appearance, <mask> ran for 16-yards against Notre Dame.He would later assume the starting quarterback position after an injury to <mask>. His first career start was against Northwestern, which saw him lead the Boilermakers to a 20-17 win on the road lead by his career high, 132 yards rushing. <mask> went on to start 5 games for the season, with a 3-game set back, which he injured a finger on his throwing hand. Against Minnesota he had a career-high running for 3 touchdowns. In the final game of the season against Indiana he had a career-high 252 yard passing and 3 touchdown passes. He became the first Purdue quarterback to lead the Boilermakers in both passing and rushing yardage in the same season, with 996 passing yards and 547 yards rushing. After a starting quarterback battle in the off season, <mask> was named the Boilermakers' starting quarterback for the 2011 season and was voted co-captain, but he tore the ACL in his right knee.With backup Marve still recovering from his owen ACL injury, Caleb TerBush took over as the starting quarterback in their place. <mask> returned in 2012, and was named the third-string quarterback behind TerBush and Marve. To get on the field, the Boilermakers used <mask> as both a running back and wide receiver, in addition to quarterbacking. <mask> was named the starting quarterback for the Boilermakers during 2013 fall camp. <mask> beat out true freshman, Danny Etling, and redshirt freshman, Austin Appleby. <mask> started the first 5 games of the season for the Boilermakers, before being replaced just before halftime during their 5 game of the season by Etling. The week following <mask>'s removal from quarterback, he was moved to safety.High school career <mask> went to Trinity Catholic High School in Ocala, Florida. There he was coached by John Brantley, and was a Mr. Football finalist and first team all-state after passing for 2,600 yards and 24 touchdowns as senior, while rushing for 350 yards and six touchdowns. He led the Celtics to the 2B state championship game, but lost 21–17 to Pahokee High School. As a result, he was named to Reebok Florida Phenoms third team. It wasn't clear if he would start as a junior, but he won the battle, and went on to pass for 1,100 yards and 10 touchdowns while also rushing for 250 yards and five scores, while missing some time with a knee injury. He was a two-time all-county selection in football, and led his team to state finals his senior season. As a freshman and sophomore, he played free safety and wide receiver, while John Brantley was at quarterback.He was a first team all-division his freshman and sophomore seasons. He also participated in basketball and track and field. <mask> committed to Purdue University on July 23, 2008. He choose Purdue over football scholarships from Vanderbilt University and Northern Illinois University. College career 2009 season In 2009, <mask> sat for the season using his redshirt to learn head coach Danny Hope's offense. 2010 season The 2010 season began with <mask> slated second on the depth chart behind transfer, <mask>. However, Hope said that <mask> would see playing time even if the game was still undecided.Against Notre Dame, <mask> only got three carries for 16 yards. After a win against Minnesota, he was named the Big Ten Freshman of the Week. He was named the team's Leonard Wilson Award winner (unselfishness and dedication). He was also the first Purdue quarterback in school history to lead the team in both rushing and passing yardage in a season. He completed 86 of 162 pass attempts (53.1 percent) for 996 yards with eight touchdowns and seven interceptions, while rushing for 547 yards and four touchdowns on 104 attempts (5.3 yards per carry). For the season, <mask> appeared in 11 games, making seven starts in 2010. 2011 season After a starting quarterback battle in the off season, <mask> was named the Boilermakers' starting quarterback for the 2011 season, but he tore the ACL in his right knee.With backup Marve still recovering from his own ACL injury, Caleb TerBush took over as the starting quarterback in their place. 2012 season <mask> entered his junior season looking at splitting playing time with TerBush and Marve. With TerBush working mostly with the first team, he was expected to start the first game of the year, until it was announced (one hour prior to gametime) that he had been suspended and Marve was the starting quarterback. <mask> was promoted to second string, seeing most of his action in the second half of play. <mask> finished the day 7 for 9 passing for 1 touchdown and 1 interception. After not playing in the Notre Dame game, <mask> was named the backup against Eastern Michigan, as Marve was sidelined with his third ACL tear. <mask> played a few plays in the second quarter, before seeing increased playing time in the 3rd quarter due to the Boilermakers large lead.Most of his plays came throwing the ball, as Coach Hope felt that was his largest area in need of improvement. 2013 season With Marve and TerBush out of the mix due to graduation, and new Purdue head coach Darrell Hazell, <mask> entered fall camp with the Boilermakers competing with freshmen Danny Etling and Austin Appleby for Purdue's starting quarterback spot. Two weeks before the regular season opener at Cincinnati, Hazell named <mask>'s starting quarterback. Statistics As of the end of the 2013 regular season, <mask>'s statistics are as follows: <mask> had a 3–9 career record as the starting quarterback for Purdue. Professional career Prior to the 2014 NFL Draft, <mask> was projected to be undrafted by NFLDraftScout.com. He was rated as the thirty-fourth-best quarterback in the draft. On May 10, 2014, <mask> signed as an undrafted free agent with the Oakland Raiders.Playing style <mask> is a dual-threat quarterback, known more for his ability to run the ball, than for his throwing arm. References External links Purdue profile 1990 births Living people American football quarterbacks Purdue Boilermakers football players Players of American football from Florida Sportspeople from Ocala, Florida

Tim Parks

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<mask> (born 19 December 1954) is a British novelist, translator, author and professor of literature. Career He is the author of eighteen novels (notably Europa, which was shortlisted for the Booker Prize in 1997). His first novel, Tongues of Flame, won both the Betty Trask Award and Somerset Maugham Award in 1986. In the same year, <mask> was awarded the Mail on Sunday/John Llewellyn Rhys Prize for Loving Roger. Other highly praised titles were Shear, Destiny, Judge Savage, Cleaver, and In Extremis. He has also had a number of stories published in The New Yorker. Since the 1990s <mask> has written frequently for both the London Review of Books and The New York Review of Books, as well as publishing various works of non-fiction, most notably A Season with Verona, shortlisted for the William Hill Sports Book of the Year and Teach Us to Sit Still, shortlisted for the Wellcome Book Prize.Between 1993 and 2019 <mask> taught as a university professor at IULM University, Milan. He is also a translator and has translated works by Alberto Moravia, Antonio Tabucchi, Italo Calvino, Roberto Calasso, Niccolò Machiavelli and Giacomo Leopardi. His non-fiction book Translating Style has been described as "canonical in the field of translation studies". He twice won the John Florio Prize for translations from the Italian. In 2011 he co-curated the exhibition Money and Beauty: Bankers, Botticelli and the Bonfire of the Vanities at Palazzo Strozzi in Florence, and a book of the same title was published in 2012 by Giunti. . The exhibition was loosely based on <mask>' book Medici Money: Banking, Metaphysics, and Art in Fifteenth-Century Florence. Personal life <mask> married Rita Baldassarre in 1979.The couple have three children. They divorced in 2017. Bibliography Fiction Home Thoughts, 1987. Family Planning, 1989. The trials and tribulations of a mother, father and their children as they cope with the unexpected and sometimes violent behaviour of Raymond, who is suffering from a mental illness but will not agree to professional help. Cara Massimina, 1990, a murder story first published under the pseudonym "John MacDowell", but later in the author's own name. Later released in the US under the title Juggling the Stars.Goodness, 1991. Shear, 1993. Mimi's Ghost, 1995, sequel of Cara Massimina. Europa, 1997. Destiny, 1999. Judge Savage, 2003. Rapids, 2005.Talking About It, 2005. A collection of short stories. Cleaver, 2006. Dreams of Rivers and Seas, 2008. The Server, 2012. Published in paperback as Sex is Forbidden. Painting Death, 2014.Book 3 in the Cara Massimina trilogy. Thomas and Mary: A Love Story, 2016. In Extremis, 2017. Italian Life: A Modern Fable of Loyalty and Betrayal, 2020. Non-fiction Italian Neighbours, 1992. Relates how the author and his wife came to a small town near Verona and how they integrate and become accustomed to the unusual habits of their newfound neighbours. An Italian Education, 1996.Follow up to Italian Neighbours and recounts the milestones in the life of the author's children as they progress through the Italian school system. Translating Style, 1997. Adultery and Other Diversions, 1999. Hell and Back: Reflections on Writers and Writing from Dante to Rushdie, 2001. A Season With Verona, following the fortunes of Hellas Verona F.C. in season 2000–2001. Medici Money: Banking, Metaphysics, and Art in Fifteenth-Century Florence, 2005.The Fighter: Essays, 2007. Teach Us to Sit Still: A Sceptic's Search for Health and Healing, 2010, Harvill Secker, . In this book, <mask> describes his search for relief from chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CPPS). His urologist thinks surgery will be the only solution, but after several examinations, no clear cause is found for the pain. <mask> wonders if the pain can be (partly) psychosomatic. In his search, he reads the book A Headache in the Pelvis: The Definitive Guide to Understanding and Treating Chronic Pelvic Pain () by psychologist (and long time CPPS-sufferer) David Wise and neurourologist Rodney Anderson (Stanford University), in which the authors describe methods of 'paradoxical relaxation' to prevent chronic tensing of the pelvic musculature. <mask> starts doing the recommended relaxation-exercises daily, and later on, also practices Vipassana-meditation.He experiences his body and life in a new way, and the pain diminishes for the most part. Italian Ways: On and Off the Rails from Milan to Palermo, 2013. Where I’m Reading From: The Changing World of Books, 2014. The Novel: A Survival Skill, 2015. A Literary Tour of Italy, 2015. Life and Work: Writers, Readers, and the Conversations Between Them, 2016. Out of My Head: On the Trail of Consciousness, 2018."Her Programme," in Writers and Their Mothers, Dale Salwak, ed., 2018. Pen in Hand: Reading, Rereading and Other Mysteries, 2019. The Hero's Way: Walking with Garibaldi from Rome to Ravenna, 2021. Translations of Italian works Alberto Moravia, Erotic Tales, Secker & Warburg, 1985. Original title La cosa. Alberto Moravia, The Voyeur, Secker & Warburg, 1986. Original title L'uomo che guarda.Antonio Tabucchi, Indian Nocturne, Chatto & Windus, 1988. Original title Notturno indiano. Alberto Moravia, Journey to Rome, Secker & Warburg, 1989. Original title Viaggio a Roma. Antonio Tabucchi, Vanishing Point, Chatto & Windus, 1989. Original title Il filo dell'orizzonte. Antonio Tabucchi, The Woman of Porto Pim, Chatto & Windus, 1989.Original title La donna di Porto Pim. Antonio Tabucchi, The Flying Creatures of Fra Angelico, Chatto & Windus, 1989. Original title I volatili del Beato Angelico. Fleur Jaeggy, Sweet Days of Discipline, Heinemann, 1991. Original title I beati anni del castigo. The translation won the John Florio Prize. Giuliana Tedeschi, There is a Place on Earth: A Woman in Birkenau, Pantheon Books, 1992.Original title C'è un punto della terra. Roberto Calasso, The Marriage of Cadmus and Harmony, Knopf, 1993. Original title Le nozze di Cadmo e Armonia. The translation won the Italo Calvino Prize. Italo Calvino, The Road to San Giovanni, Pantheon Books, 1993. Original title La strada di San Giovanni. The translation won the John Florio Prize.Italo Calvino, Numbers in the Dark, Pantheon Books, 1995. Original title Prima che tu dica pronto. Fleur Jaeggy, Last Vanities, New Directions, 1998. Original title La paura del cielo. Roberto Calasso, Ka, New York: Knopf, 1998. Original title Ka. Roberto Calasso, Literature and the Gods, New York: Knopf, 2000.Original title La letteratura e gli dei. Niccolò Machiavelli, The Prince, Penguin Classics, 2009. Original title Principe. Giacomo Leopardi, Passions, Penguin Classics, 2014. Original title Le passioni. Cesare Pavese, The Moon and the Bonfires, Penguin Classics, 2021. Original title La luna e i falò.Secondary literature 2003: Gillian Fenwick: Understanding <mask>. University of South Carolina Press, Columbia, . 2001: Gillian Fenwick: "<mask> (19 December 1954 - )," in Dictionary of Literary Biography, vol. 231: British Novelists Since 1960, Fourth Series. United States Gale, . Notes External links Interview with <mask> in Bomb Interview with <mask> in The Quarterly Conversation, 4 March 2013. Interview with 3:AM Review of Destiny at Spike Magazine Review of Europa at The Occasional Review Parks author page and archive from The New York Review of Books Parks author page and archive from The London Review of Books Official website of <mask> Without Illusions: Jonathan J. Clarke interviews <mask>, Los Angeles Review of Books, 6 July 2016.1954 births Living people 20th-century English male writers 20th-century British novelists 21st-century English male writers 21st-century British novelists Alumni of Downing College, Cambridge British male novelists British non-fiction writers Harvard University alumni John Llewellyn Rhys Prize winners Literary translators New Statesman people The New York Review of Books people Postmodern writers Writers from Manchester English expatriates in Italy Male non-fiction writers

Jo Brigden-Jones

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<mask> (born 19 April 1988) is an Australian kayaker. She represented Australia at 2012 Summer Olympics in the K-4 500 m event. Personal Nicknamed Goanna, Brigga, JBJ, <mask> and <mask>e, <mask> was born on 19 April 1988 in Mona Vale, New South Wales. She attended Newport Public School before going to Oxford Falls Grammar School and Freshwater Senior Campus for high school. From 2006 to 2010, she attended the University of Technology, Sydney where she earned a Bachelor of Nursing. She earned a Graduate Diploma of Clinical Practice (Paramedic) from Charles Sturt University. In 2010, she injured her shoulder which required ten months out of competitive sport.In 2013, she again injured her shoulder, requiring another long period out of sport. She is a nurse and a paramedic. , she lives in the Sydney suburb of Mona Vale. <mask> raced for Australia at the London 2012 Olympic Games in the K4 500m event. Her crew finished in 9th place. <mask> is a World Championship medalist, having won a Bronze medal in the K2 200m event at the 2011 World Championships in Szeged, Hungary. Brigden-<mask> is a member of the Manly Surf Life Saving Club.She started surf lifesaving when she was six years old through an Australian programme called Nippers. In her mid-teens, she left the sport for a while but took it up again when she was nineteen. At that time, she added surfski paddling to her surf lifesaving competition events. She has competed for Manly in surf lifesaving competitions. Brigden-<mask> is tall and weighs . Kayaking Brigden-<mask> came into the kayaking in 2001 following a talent identification program. <mask> made her first Australian Team at the age of 15.She raced in Europe as part of the Australian Junior Kayak Team and won her first international medal at the prestigious Bochum Regatta in Germany. She won a silver medal in the U16 K1 1000m. Her primary training base is Narrabeen, Sydney with a secondary training base on the Gold Coast of Queensland. Her international training base is in Varese, Italy, the same location as the Australian Institute of Sport European Training Centre. She is a member of the Sydney Northern Beaches Kayak Club, and has a canoe scholarship with the Australian Institute of Sport and the NSW Institute of Sport. In 2010, Brigden-<mask> was ranked second in the world in the solo kayak paddler event. She finished third in the K2 200m event and fifth in the K4 500m event at the 2011 World Championships in Szeged, Hungary.She finished 7th in the K4 500m event at the 2011 World Cup 3 in Duisburg, Germany. She finished fifth in the K4 500m event at the 2011 World Cup 2 in Racice, Czech Republic. She finished first in the K4 500m event at the 2012 Oceania Championships in Penrith, Australia. She finished first in the K4 500m event at the 2012 National Championships in Penrith, Australia. At a 2012 World Cup event in Moscow in the two person kayak, she finished first. Brigden-<mask> was selected to represent Australia at 2012 Summer Olympics in the K-4 500 m event. The London Games will be her Olympic debut.Before the start of the Games, she and her canoe teammates trained in Italy at the AIS European Training Centre located in Varese. <mask> and her teammates finish 9th at the London 2012 Olympic Games. In 2016, <mask> controversially missed selection for the 2016 Rio Olympic Games. In the domestic selection trails, Brigden-<mask> had 3 wins in K1 races and 3 second places in K1 and K2 races. She was then forced into a race off with teammate Naomi Flood at the World Cup in Duisburg. But both athletes were racing in different events but their results were compared. <mask> was only allowed to race the K1 200m event, and was not allowed to contest her preferred distance, the 500m.As a result of the World Cup race, <mask> was not selected for the 2016 Rio Olympic Team. Following the 2016 World Cup, <mask> commenced work as a paramedic with NSW Ambulance. <mask> had planned to hang up her paddle and retire from kayaking. <mask> was drawn back to paddling, as she loves the sport and has great friends who were still training and racing. <mask> decided to go along to training to keep fit and for the coffee catch ups after training. It was her competitive nature that kicked in and she decided to keep racing. Incredibly at the 2017 National Championships, <mask> won the K1 200m.Even <mask> was baffled, but delighted. <mask> hadn't been able to train as much as she used to given her full-time shift work hours. <mask> continued to pursue full-time work and training and went on to race internationally bringing home two silver medals at the World Cups and a place in the K1 500m A final at the World Championships. In 2018, The Australian women's K4 500 (Alyce Burnett (QLD), Alyssa Bull (NSW) and Jaime Roberts (WA), <mask>-<mask> (NSW)), canoe sprint team shocked even themselves with a stunning silver medal at the ICF World Cup in Szeged, Hungary. The Australian crew, which only came together two months ago, chased the highly rated New Zealand team to the line, and in the process set the fastest ever time for a women's K4 500 crew. The crew went on to place 7th at the 2018 World Championships in Portugal. In 2019, <mask> and her K4 teammates qualified Australia a K4 500m quota position for Australia to race at the Tokyo Olympic Games, when they finished 7th at the 2019 World Championships in Szeged, Hungary.<mask> is currently in training to qualify herself onto the Australian Olympic Team for 2020. <mask> has been named on Australian Kayak Teams every year since 2004. This includes Australian Junior Team, Australian Youth Olympic Festival, Under 23 Team, Senior Team and Olympic Team. <mask> holds 38 Australian National Titles over various boat categories and distances. Career After finishing high school in 2005, <mask> began studying a Bachelor of Nursing at the University of Technology, Sydney. <mask> was supported by UTS through the Elite Athlete Program during her years studying at UTS. She worked as a Registered Nurse on a casual basis from 2012 to 2015.In 2012, she started studying a Post Graduate course in Paramedics through Charles Sturt University. She managed her study alongside her training and her work as a RN. <mask> commenced work in her dream career as a Paramedic in 2016. <mask> had wanted to become a paramedic since she was 10 years old. <mask> currently works full-time as a Paramedic for NSW Ambulance. Awards, Honours and roles Honours Post nominal initials - OLY, Olympian Manly Pathway of Olympians - plaque placed in 2013 for Olympian status Australia Day Ambassador 2016, 2017, 2018 & 2019 Awards Australia Day Award 2018 NSW Institute of Sport - Personal Excellence Award Charles Sturt University Distance Education Sports Person of the Year 2012 & 2014 Sport Achievement Award - Australian Institute of Sport 2011 Paddle NSW Female Paddler of the Year 2011 Pittwater Council - Sportsperson of the Year 2010 University of Technology, Sydney, Sportswoman of the Year 2008 & 2009 University of Technology, Sydney, Full Blue award 2008 & 2009 Layne Beachley 'Aim For the Stars Foundation' scholarship Roles NSW Institute of Sport, Athlete Advisory group member Australian Institute of Sport and Lifeline Community Custodian Australian Olympic Committee - Olympians Unleashed program NSW Premier Sporting Challenge Ambassador References Living people 1988 births Australian female canoeists Canoeists at the 2012 Summer Olympics Canoeists at the 2020 Summer Olympics Australian Institute of Sport canoeists Olympic canoeists of Australia New South Wales Institute of Sport alumni University of Technology Sydney alumni

Ani Lorak

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Karolina Myroslavivna Kuiek (born 27 September 1978), popularly known as <mask>, is a Ukrainian singer, songwriter, actress, entrepreneur, and former UN Goodwill Ambassador. Having received Ukraine's most prestigious and honorary title, the People's Artist of Ukraine, <mask> has been cited as one of the most powerful and influential women in her country, as well as ranked one of the most beautiful women from Eastern Europe. <mask> reported the highest income of all singers in Ukraine in 2014. <mask> became known outside of the former Soviet Union after she represented Ukraine at the Eurovision Song Contest 2008 with the song "Shady Lady", coming in second place behind Dima Bilan from Russia. Early life <mask> had a notably tough childhood, which she later claimed shaped her personality. <mask> was born in the provincial city of Kitsman, Chernivtsi Oblast in Western Ukraine. She lived in the same house as Hero of Ukraine, singer and composer Volodymyr Ivasyuk spent his childhood as <mask>'s maternal grandfather had bought it from the Ivasyuks after they had decided to move away from Kitsman.Prior to her birth, her parents – a journalist and an announcer – had separated, however, her mother chose to still give Lorak her father's surname upon her birth. Lorak developed the desire to become a singer as early as the age of four. She often performed at various school vocal competitions. As a child, she listened a lot to Russian singers such as Alla Pugacheva and Larisa Dolina, which were popular at the time she was young. Speaking Ukrainian as her native language, Lorak was raised by a single mother. After having lived in Kitsman for several years, the family moved to Chernivtsi, where they lived in bitter poverty. From the age of six until seventh class, she and her brothers were placed in a foster home in Chernivtsi as her mother was unable to provide for her children full-time.When she was nine, her eldest brother Serhii died while in combat during the Soviet–Afghan War. Lorak's eldest brother had gone there to receive money to take Lorak and her two brothers out of the foster home. Serhii had also been the first one to recognise her musical potential. When the family was given an apartment in Chernivtsi after all, Lorak was subject to severe bullying in her new school due to her poor background. Career 1992-1998: Early career in Ukraine and first albums In 1992, at the age of 13, she took part in the Chernivtsi singing competition Pervotsvit, which she won. There, she met Yuriy Falyosa, who became her first producer. As a result, at the age of 15, she signed her first professional contract for the duration of ten years.In that timeframe, as part of her contract duties, she was not allowed to marry or give birth. Kuiek became known as <mask> <mask> from March 1995 onwards after she took part in the popular children's music television programme Morning Star on Channel One Russia. Intending to perform there mononymously as Karolina, she was told that that was undesirable as there was another famous singer at the time in Russia who performed under that pseudonym. As a result, the stage name "<mask> <mask>" was invented, which was the name "Karolina" read backwards. After participating in "Morning Star", <mask>'s star started to rise in Ukraine. In the summer of 1995, <mask> was one of the laureates of the Chervona Ruta festival, that year held in Sevastopol and Simferopol, which led to her definite breakthrough in the Ukrainian show business. <mask> <mask> moved to Kyiv later that year to start recording her first album.She was named "Discovery of the Year" at the popular Ukrainian festival Tavria Games in 1996. The same year she released her first Russian-language album, "Khochu letat" (I Want to Fly). <mask> continued recording new songs in 1997. Her two videos, "Manekenschitsa" and "Bozhe moy," were filmed and the latter became a soundtrack to the movie "The Right to Choose". In the spring of 1998, her new video, "Ya vernus," was shot and in December <mask>'s second Russian-language album "Ya vernus" was released. The mastering of this album took place in New York. Simultaneously, her two music videos "O moya lyubov" and "Dozhdlivy gorod" were filmed to accompany her new album.1999-2005: Honoured Artist of Ukraine, Ukrainian albums and first Eurovision attempt At the outset of 1999, <mask> started her first extensive and international touring, performing in the United States, France, Germany, Hungary, and in every major city of Ukraine. In 1999, she earned the title of the Honoured Artist of Ukraine. That same year, she got acquainted with Igor Krutoy, who wrote the composition "Zerkala" for her, which brought her more initial fame in Russia. In 2000, she released her third album with Falyosa as the main producer, titled "www.anilorak.com," containing Russian, Ukrainian, and English compositions. She returned to singing completely in Ukrainian again a year later, releasing her fourth album, "Tam, de ty ye...". This was followed by a second album in Ukrainian, titled "Ani Lorak" in 2004, which mostly had the same songs as her 2000 album. In 2004-2005 <mask> <mask> was a UN GoodWill Ambassador in Ukraine for HIV/AIDS.In 2005, <mask> <mask> made her first attempt to perform at the Eurovision Song Contest and was virtually certain to sing the home country's entry in Kyiv, but ultimately failed to be selected. Her narrow defeat in the 2005 national pre-selection competition was particularly controversial, given that the winners – GreenJolly – were only added later and did not have to qualify for the final by winning one of the fifteen preliminary heats, unlike all other finalists. However, their song "Razom nas bahato", had a larger societal impact at the time, following the Orange Revolution. <mask> finished in second place in the Ukrainian national final with the song "A Little Shot Of Love". Afterwards, she released her first and only English-language album Smile. 2006-2012: Changes of producer, Eurovision 2008 and Solntse In 2006, this was followed by "Rozkazhi," her ninth album, again fully in Ukrainian. Shortly after the album's release, <mask> ended her contract with Falyosa and started to work with producer Konstantin Meladze.That same year, <mask> released a duet with Meladze's brother Valery Meladze, which became <mask>'s first radio hit in Russia. In 2007, she celebrated the fifteenth anniversary of her artistry with the album 15, fully in Russian bar one song in English. However, the collaboration with Meladze quickly fell through, leaving Lorak without a producer. In 2007, <mask>'s friend and colleague Philipp Kirkorov successfully produced Belarus' Eurovision 2007 effort and opted to bring <mask> to Eurovision in Belgrade in 2008. In late 2007, it was announced that Ukrainian public broadcaster NTU had internally selected <mask> to represent the country at Eurovision in Belgrade, and that the public and a jury would choose the song. It was the third and last internal selection the country had before internally selecting Go_A in 2021. On 23 February 2008, Lorak performed five potential entries in a special show.The song "Shady Lady", written by Karen Kavaleryan and Philipp Kirkorov won the show with a landslide victory. Shortly after, she recorded a Russian version of her Eurovision song "Shady Lady" with the title "S neba v nebo." <mask>, similar to Dmitry Koldun a year prior, held an extensive promo campaign and visited other countries to present her song, including Malta, Russia, Bulgaria, Spain and Germany. At the 2008 Eurovision Song Contest in Belgrade, she sang the song "Shady Lady" in the second semi-final on 23 May 2008, winning a place in the final. She took second place in the final after Dima Bilan, giving Ukraine its second runner-up position in a row and its third-best score of all-time. Italian designer Roberto Cavalli designed the ornate dress for <mask>'s performance at the contest, which was made with Swarovski Diamonds. Greek choreographer Fokas Evangelinos designed her stage show, involving four dancers.Prior to performing in the final, <mask> had won the Artistic Award, voted the most popular entry among the former winners of the contest. After her second-place finish at Eurovision, <mask> returned to Ukraine in newfound stardom. For her result, she and Philipp Kirkorov were given the title People's Artist of Ukraine. In Chernivtsi, where her career had taken off in 1992, she received a star on the Star Alley in the centre of the city. In 2009, she released her tenth album, Solntse, which was produced by Dimitris Kontopoulos, who had previously produced her Eurovision effort. The album became her most successful effort until that moment. In October 2009, <mask> was ranked 41st in a top 100 of "most influential women in Ukraine" compiled by experts for the Ukrainian magazine Focus.In 2010, Lorak released a compilation album titled "The Best". At the time, she continued releasing, almost exclusively in Russian and performed in countries in the Russian-speaking world. 2013-2017: Criticism for performing in Russia, Razve ty lyubil... and tour show Karolina In 2013, <mask> returned to Greece to produce her fourteenth "Zazhigay serdtse" together with Kontopoulos. Diana Golde and Ruslan Kvinta also wrote several songs for the album. From March to June 2014, Lorak was a coach on the fourth season "Holos Krainy". During this season, she coached singer Mykyta Aliekieiev, whom she also helped to start his career. In the wake of the annexation of Crimea and the War in the Donbass, Lorak continued performing in Russia.This led to severe criticism from several politicians and parts of the Ukrainian society. During several of her concerts in Odesa and Kyiv in 2014, protesters gathered in front of the concert venues. In November 2014, activists gathered to protest against her concert in the Palace of Ukraine. A concert in Odesa was subsequently cancelled as a result. <mask>'s appearance in the New Year's programme on the television channel Inter was subject to severe criticism on social media. Her star on the Star Alley of Chernivtsi was first vandalised with the text "PTN GFY" and on the night of 29 to 30 January 2015, stolen. In May 2015, the Chernivtsi City Council decided to not reinstate a new star for <mask>.Meanwhile, <mask> scored large commercial success in Russia, performing several duets alongside singer Grigory Leps, which included "Ukhodi po-angliyski" and "Zerkala,"

Ani Lorak

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which both fared well in the Russian radio charts. At the end of 2016, she released her next Russian-language album Razve ty lyubil?.... In 2017, she toured the region with the tour "Karolina." 2018-present: tour shows DIVA and The BEST At the start of 2018, <mask> started her next tour, titled DIVA, which received positive reviews from music critics. A live album and recording of the tour were released in 2020. In Autumn 2018, <mask> became a coach at the seventh series of The Voice of Russia. In August 2019, she debuted her jubileum concert tour THE BEST.In late 2019, <mask> released her twelfth studio album Za mechtoy, for which she wrote the majority of the songs herself. In 2021, she starred in an episode of the Russia-1 television show Sud’ba cheloveka, in which she gave a rare account into her personal life and career history. Business ventures In 2005, <mask> <mask> and her fiancé Murat opened the Angel Lounge, a restaurant that specializes in Mediterranean cuisine in the center of Kyiv. In 2009, they opened a Ukrainian travel agency called "Holiday Travel", which is a sub-division of "Turtess Travel", a company Murat works for. In 2010, <mask> became an Oriflame advert. She participated in several catalogues and developed a new fragrance called Chiffon by <mask> <mask>. In 2011, <mask> was announced the fifth richest singer in Ukraine, with her team's revenues amounting to $2.35 million that year.Her typical fee is $25,000-$40,000 per concert. Personal life On 21 August 2009 <mask> married her longtime Turkish fiancé and manager Murat Nalçacıoğlu, whom she met in 2003 when vacationing in Turkey. Murat Nalçacıoğlu, is a Turkish hotel manager and travel agent. <mask> confirmed her pregnancy at the end of November 2010. Their daughter, Sophia, was born on 9 June 2011. She and her family lived in a house on the outskirts of Kyiv, Ukraine but frequently travel to Turkey. The couple's marriage was officially annulled in January 2019.Charity Lorak spends a lot of time on charitable activities. Since 2004-2005 <mask> has been a UN Goodwill Ambassador on HIV/AIDS in Ukraine. UNICEF and UN in Ukraine have awarded a commendation to Lorak for assistance and help to HIV-positive citizens of Ukraine. In 2005, Lorak was conferred with the St. Stanislav Order of the 4th degree and the Officer's Cross "for strengthening the international authority of Ukraine, for the high professionalism, great creative achievements, charity and adherence to the ideals of chivalry." Albums Studio albums Live albums Compilation albums Remix albums Video albums Songs Singles Promotional singles Awards 1992 Second prize of the Prevotsvit festival in Ukraine (Chernivtsi). 1994 First prize of the international festival Veselad (Kyiv). First prize of the international festival Dolia (Chernivtsi).1995 Winner of the "Morning Star" television contest (Moscow). Second prize of the all-Ukrainian festival "Chervona Ruta" (Sevastopol). 1996 Winner of the Super Final of the "Morning Star" television contest (Moscow). Winner in the "Finding of 1995" nomination of the "Tavriyski Igry" festival. Grand-Prix winner of the global competition of young performers "Big Apple Music-96" (New York). 1997 Prize-winner of the "Song-97" festival (Moscow, Kyiv). Winner of the Grand-Prix of the President of Ukraine following the results of the all-Ukrainian festival "Song Vernissage-97".1998 Award winner in the "Singer of the Year" and "Pop Music of the Year" nominations of the "Tavriyski Ihry-98" festival. 1999 Award winner in the "Singer of the Year" nomination of the "Tavriyski Ihry-99" festival. 2000 The song "Zerkala" [Mirrors] was recognized as the best club release of 2000. 2001 Award winner in the nomination "Singer of the Year" of the "Tavriyski Igry-2001" festival. "Ani Lorak Nazavzhdy" [Ani Lorak Forever] recognized as the best Ukrainian musical film of 2000. 2002 The CD 'Tam de ty ye...' becomes Gold. Ani enters the Top 100 list of the sexiest women of the world.<mask> <mask> recognized as "The Best Singer of the Year" on the "Tavriyski Igry-2002" festival. 2003 Winner in the "Singer of the Year" nomination of the "Tavriyski Igry-2003" festival (Ukraine). Recognized as the "Singer of the Year 2002" by the ELLE magazine. 2004 "Singer of the Year 2003", UBN Awards, UK. "Singer of the Year 2003" according to the ELLE magazine. Gold Disc for the "<mask> Lorak" album. 2005 <mask> <mask>'s composition "Мriy pro mene" [Dream about me] was recognized as the best song of 2004 at the "Zolotoy Gramofon" [Golden Gramophone] contest.The composition of <mask> <mask> "Try zvychnykh slova" [Three usual words] recognized as the best song of 2004 - at the "Zolota Zharptytsia" [Golden Firebird] competition. <mask> <mask> recognized as the best singer of 2004. Audience Choice Award "Zolota Zharptytsia". 2006 <mask> <mask> wins the international music award "Zolota Sharmanka" [Gold Sharmanka] for the song "Rozkazhy" [Tell me]. <mask> <mask> was recognized as the most beautiful woman of Ukraine by the readers of the VIVA magazine. The "Rozkazhy..." album becomes Gold according to sales results. 2008 In May 2008, <mask> <mask> became the silver prize winner of the Eurovision Song Contest 2008.Received the "Artistic Award Eurovision Song Contest," which is awarded to the best artist of the contest. According to the magazine "Focus," <mask> <mask> is the No. 1 artist in the public interest. According to the magazine "Focus" <mask> <mask> entered the top 100 most influential women in Ukraine. 2009 According to Eurovision Song Contest Radio <mask> <mask> with the song "Shady lady" became "Best singer of 2008". In March 2009, <mask> <mask> was awarded the "Person of the Year" award in the nomination "Idol of Ukrainians." 2010 At the presentation of the annual WORLD FASHION AWARDS 2010 award, the International TV channel on World Fashion WORLD FASHION CHANNEL recognized <mask> <mask> as a Fashion singer.In December, <mask> <mask> received the Golden Gramophone for the song "For You" and was awarded the "Song of the Year" diploma as the author of music and the co-author of the words. 2011 In March, at the awarding of the "Personality of the Year" award, <mask> <mask> received the award in the "Star Solo" nomination. 2012 In December <mask> gets "Gold Gramophone" award for the song "Obnimi menya krepche" ("Hug Me Tight"), and the song "Obnimi Menya" ("Hug Me") awarded "Song of the Year." According to "Seven Days" magazine <mask> <mask> is the most beautiful woman in Russia. 2013 In March <mask> <mask> became "the most beautiful woman" according to the Viva! magazine. At the ceremony "Persons of the Year, 2012" <mask> <mask> got the Personality of Ukrainian Culture award.<mask> <mask> got "Choreography of the Year" from RU.TV channel at the Russian Music Awards ceremony, which took place on May, 25. This summer at the Muz-TV 2013 Award in Moscow <mask> <mask> was named as "The Best Performer of the Year" and got the long-awaited plate. 2014 In May, <mask> <mask> received awards from the music channel RU.TV in two categories: "Best duet" for a song with Grigory Leps "Mirrors" and "Karolina" show had won in the nomination "The best concert show of the year". In June, <mask> <mask> became the owner of a special award from the recording company «Panik Records» for the sale of her English-language single, «I'm Alive» in the iTunes Store in Greece. On September 20 <mask> <mask> took part in the annual ceremony EMA. Eurasian Music Award held at the Central Stadium in Almaty. The singer became the owner of the prestigious award in the category "Best Artist of Eurasia."In December, <mask> <mask> received the "Golden Gramophone" award for song with Grigory Leps "Mirrors." And the singer became the winner of the "Song of the Year - 2014" award for the song "Slow" on "Inter" TV channel. 2015 <mask> <mask> won the nomination "Singer of the Year" and received the coveted samovar at the RU.TV Awards. In June, <mask> <mask> became the "Singer of the Year" at MUZ-TV Awards, which took place in Astana. At the annual awards ceremony Fashion People Awards <mask> <mask> received award in the nomination "Fashion singer of the year." In November, <mask> <mask> received her fifth "Golden Gramophone" for the lyrical song "Ships". 2016 <mask> <mask> awarded as the most stylish singer by Fashion People Awards.2017 At the end of May, <mask> <mask> and Mot win the nomination "Best duet of the year" with the song "Soprano" at the RU.TV Awards. In June, <mask> <mask> and Emin win the "Fashion duet" award for their song "I can't tell" at the annual "Fashion People Awards" award ceremony. Later in June <mask> <mask> received the award in the nomination "The Best Album of the Year" for the album "Didn't You Love Me?" at the MUZ-TV Awards. In September, <mask> <mask> becomes the winner of the special nomination "High Plank" of the MUSICBOX Award. <mask> <mask> became the leader of the popular vote of the First Channel and Odnoklassniki. <mask> <mask> received her 9th statuette "Golden Gramophone" for a duet song with Moto "Soprano."At the ceremony of awarding the music award "Major League" from "New Radio" <mask> <mask> and Moth became owners of the Golden Siren for the song "Soprano." In December, <mask> <mask> received the diploma of the festival "Song of the Year" for the song "You Still Love." <mask> <mask> and Mot got VK Music Award for the song "Soprano". 2018 "The Best Female Singer of the Year," ZARA Music Awards. "Show of the Year," BraVo international music premia (DIVA). At the end of May, <mask> <mask>'s show DIVA gets the award as the best show of the year at RU.TV's 8th Russian Music Award of RU.TV. In the beginning of June, <mask> <mask>'s show DIVA is recognized as the best concert show of the year at the Fashion People Awards 2018 in Moscow.At the MUZ-TV Award 2018 <mask> <mask> and get the cherished award for the song "Soprano" - the best duet of the year. Notes References External links 1978 births Living people People from Kitsman 21st-century Ukrainian women singers 20th-century Ukrainian women singers Eurovision Song Contest entrants for Ukraine Eurovision Song Contest entrants of 2008 Ukrainian pop singers English-language singers from Ukraine Recipients of the title of Merited Artist of Ukraine Russian-language singers Recipients of the title of People's Artists of Ukraine Winners of the Golden Gramophone

Wesley Warren Jr.

original

<mask>. (June 23, 1963 – March 14, 2014) was an American man who attracted worldwide attention for his problems with scrotal elephantiasis, which caused his scrotum to grow to a weight of and hang down a little below his knees. After launching a campaign to raise the money for an operation to resolve the problem, for which he raised only $2,000, he underwent surgery in April 2013 after visiting Dr. Joel Gelman of the University of California, Irvine's Center for Reconstructive Urology, who was aware that <mask> could not afford the surgery and so performed it for free. <mask>'s struggles with his condition and his subsequent operation were filmed by a British television crew for a documentary The Man with the 10-Stone Testicles, which aired on Channel 4 in the United Kingdom on June 24, 2013. He died of complications from diabetes on March 14, 2014. Onset of <mask>'s condition Born in Orange, New Jersey on June 23, 1963, <mask> was a former resident of New York City, where he worked in security and as a messenger. He moved to Las Vegas in the 1990s and worked on commission to find locations for automated teller machines in the Las Vegas Valley. He fell ill in late 2008 and attributed the onset of his condition to accidentally striking his testicles while sleeping.He said: "I had never felt such pain. It was like a shooting pain through my entire body. When it stopped, it was like a huge tractor trailer went off the top of me. I think it ruined my lymph nodes down there". The following morning he found that his scrotum had swelled to "the size of a soccer ball". <mask>'s condition was not unknown in the tropics, but is very rare in the United States. In tropical regions, it is caused by parasites that are spread by mosquitoes, causing an infection called lymphatic filariasis.Parasitic worms block the body's lymphatic system and cause fluids to collect, resulting in a swelling called lymphedema. In <mask>'s case, however, doctors found no trace of an infection and suggested that it may have resulted from trauma. He underwent a two-week course of antibiotics, but this had little effect and a series of doctors, including a lymphedema specialist, were unable to find a solution. The swelling continued to grow to such a size that he became unable to work. In early 2010 he underwent an eight-week course of treatment at University Medical Center in Las Vegas. They were unable to determine the cause of the swelling, writing up 20 different documentations in the process. He was given multiple courses of antibiotics and anti-viral medications, which failed to resolve the condition.The lymphedema had a severe effect on <mask>'s personal life and health. He already weighed before the onset of the condition and he suffered from high blood pressure and asthma. The swelling increased his weight to about . Because his penis and testicles were enclosed by his gigantic scrotum, he was unable to urinate normally or to have sex. Simply keeping his scrotum under cover was a challenge in itself, which he eventually solved by wearing an upside-down full-size hooded sweatshirt over it with his legs in the sleeves. Traveling on buses required him to bring along a milk crate and a cushion on which to rest his scrotum during the journey. As travel was so difficult, he would spend most of his time in his apartment's living room watching television while propping his scrotum on top of the milk crate.<mask>'s doctor advised him to seek surgery on Medicaid, which would involve cutting away the swollen tissue and performing reconstructive surgery, including skin grafts to restore his penis and testicles. However, <mask> was advised that they might have to be removed along with the tissue. This was not welcome news: "Basically, he was telling me there was a good chance that I would be castrated and have to go to the bathroom through a tube for the rest of my life. I really would like to have a relationship with a woman. I should be in the prime of my life right now." Fund-raising campaign At a further evaluation at the Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center in California, he was advised that there was a better chance of saving his penis and testicles, but that the procedure would cost a seven-figure sum, which he did not have. In the hope of raising the money, he went public in a segment on Howard Stern's radio and TV show and set up an address to receive offers of help or financial support.He said: "I don't like being a freak, who would? But I figured that the Stern show is listened to by millions of people and they might want to help me. I hope some millionaire or billionaire will want to help me." He acknowledged that the choice of address was not the classiest, but it was at least memorable, and noted that The Howard Stern Show was a good platform for him to make an appearance as its audience is predominantly male. <mask>'s appearance attracted widespread media interest. He was subsequently profiled by the Las Vegas Review-Journals medical correspondent, Paul Harasim, in two pieces in the fall of 2011 that were viewed over a million times. He appeared on Comedy Central's Tosh.0 show in a sketch showing a skateboarder running into <mask>'s scrotum and being knocked down.A British documentary film-making company, Firecracker Films, signed a contract with him to make a documentary about his condition. A month after the first Las Vegas Review-Journal story and The Howard Stern Show appearance, <mask> had received $8,000 in donations via PayPal and an offer of help from The Dr. Oz Show. The show's producers offered him free surgery from Dr. Mehmet Oz in exchange for exclusive rights to his story. <mask> declined, expressing fear that he would not survive the operation: "I'm not sure they are the best doctors. I might be castrated or bleed out on the operating table." Dr. Mulugeta Kassahun, a Las Vegas urologist who grew up in Ethiopia, where scrotal elephantiasis is more common, urged him to seek surgery soon despite the risks as the worsening condition posed an increasing risk to <mask>'s life. "An infection, a real concern with his condition, may well kill him," Kassahun told the Las Vegas Review-Journal."If we have to do emergency surgery trying to save his life from infection, it won't be a surgery trying to save his testicles and penis." By this time, his scrotum was growing at a rate of per month. Corrective surgery <mask> was subsequently offered treatment in Greece by Dr. E S Z Prokopakis Head of Male Genito-urethral Plastic Surgery Unit at the IASO Group of Hospitals in Athens Greece, following a recommendation from James Lane, a former sufferer of scrotal elephantiasis who had been treated there. However, he was said to be "worried he's too big to get in the airplane bathroom for the flight." Dr. Joel Gelman of the University of California, Irvine's Center for Reconstructive Urology also offered to carry out the surgery and waive his normal fee if the use of the hospital's facilities was paid for by Nevada Medicaid. He told the Las Vegas Review-Journal that to date, he had "never lost a patient or a testicle." The operation was carried out on April 8, 2013, by Gelman and three other surgeons who had donated their expertise.<mask>'s weight by this stage had increased to and his penis was buried inside his testicle sac. The 13-hour operation required all four surgeons to cut away <mask>'s engorged scrotum simultaneously while carrying out skin grafts to cover <mask>'s newly exposed penis and testicles. <mask>'s severe anemia complicated the task and the surgeons discovered that some of the veins in the mass were as much as quarter of an inch (6 mm) wide. According to Gelman, "With the fluid and other tissues, I would say the total weight he was carrying around probably exceeded 160 pounds [72 kg]." The operation, which was recorded by a British film crew, was followed by a program of physical therapy which began a week afterwards. He was released from hospital in late April and was reportedly recuperating in nearby housing. The operation went ahead, even though Gelman had not yet received authorization from Nevada Medicaid, as he felt that it was unfair to <mask> to "endure a cancellation."Gelman was critical of Nevada Medicaid's stance, saying that it's "terrible that Nevada isn't handling this the right way. When there's no expertise in a state to handle something, it doesn't seem right that Nevada can't pay the hospital when the doctors work for free." He commented that he and the other surgeons had donated their expertise not only to help <mask>, but to show to other sufferers from scrotal elephantiasis that something could be done for them as well. He was optimistic about <mask>'s future: "There are a lot of shows about makeovers, but this is a real makeover. He's basically a new man." Documentary Firecracker Films' documentary film, titled The Man with the 10-Stone Testicles, was aired on the British television network Channel 4 on June 24, 2013, as part of their anthology series Body Shock. The film received mixed reviews from the British media.The Daily Mirror's Kevin O'Sullivan commented that Channel 4's "deep sleaze divers" were responsible for scheduling the documentary and that the channel was "the home of shameless voyeurism", while a psychologist interviewed by Metro said that it "appeals to our voyeuristic tendencies – there's something a bit titillating about peeking into the very private aspects of other people's lives and when those people happen to be afflicted by problems that we don't have ourselves, it gives us some emotional distance ... But because so few are affected by medical conditions like elephantiasis, it somehow becomes acceptable to be so personal and almost invasive." However, Metro's TV critic Keith Watson commented that "beneath the freak show facade ... there was a rather inspiring story of human fortitude in the face of outlandish bad luck", while Grace Dent of The Independent similarly felt that there were "subtler ideas present", calling it "an unflinching look at the reality of today's American healthcare system." Alex Harvey of The Times wrote that the film told <mask>'s story "with compassion and detail". The Guardian's Stuart Heritage felt that it "just fell on the right side of exploitation ... We got to see the man, and experience his pain and worries and embarrassment. It sounded like a car crash, but it turned out to be relatively sensitive to the subject." It also proved to be a ratings hit, with nearly 4 million viewers and up to 13% of audience share over its two time slots – 3.05 million (13.3%) at 9 p.m. and 818,000 (4.6%) at 10 p.m.It was the sixth most-tweeted broadcast of the week June 24–30, recording 76,636 tweets and peaking at 1,923 per minute. Sue Oriel of Firecracker Films told the Metro that it had got "the entire [United Kingdom] talking" and said: "Every once in a while a programme comes along that just blows an audience away. This is one of those shows." The documentary was picked up by TLC for a premiere in the United States, airing on August 19, 2013 under the title The Man with the 132 lb Scrotum. In Australia it was aired on Seven Network on September 25, 2013, under the title of The Man with the Biggest Testicles and was replayed on 7mate on October 1, 2013 and on Seven Network on March 20, 2014 following <mask>'s death. Death <mask> Jr. died at the University Medical Center of Southern Nevada on March 14, 2014, at the age of 50; a friend of <mask> stated that he had been at the University Medical Center of Southern Nevada for five and a half weeks, and had suffered multiple heart attacks brought on by diabetes infections. His death was not tied to his reconstructive surgeries.References External links Bodyshock – 10 Stone Testicles from 4oD 1963 births 2014 deaths African-American people Deaths from diabetes People from Las Vegas People from Orange, New Jersey

Jules Brulatour

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<mask> (April 7, 1870 – October 26, 1946) was a pioneering executive figure in American silent cinema. Beginning as American distribution representative for Lumiere Brothers raw film stock in 1907, he joined producer Carl Laemmle in forming the Motion Picture Distributing and Sales Company in 1909, effectively weakening the stronghold of the Motion Picture Patents Company, headed by Thomas Edison, a large trust company that was then monopolizing the American film industry through contracts with hand-picked, established studios. By 1911 <mask> was president of the Sales Company. He was a founder of the Universal Film Manufacturing Company, later known as Universal Pictures. Biography Origins <mask> was born in New Orleans on 7 April 1870 to Thomas and <mask>. His grandfather <mask> was a wine importer from Bordeaux. Early career <mask> moved to New York City in 1898 to work for the Manhattan Optical Co. based in Creskill as a sales representative of photographic paper, cameras and lenses.In 1907, he became sales chief for Lumiere North American Co. Through the Sales Company, the growing number of independent filmmakers were able to obtain raw stock from Lumiere, for which <mask> remained sole US distributor, thereby cutting into profits for Kodak mogul George Eastman, whose film supply was exclusive to the Patents Company. Eastman soon realized he was on the losing side and approached <mask> with a contract to sell his stock to the independents through the Sales Company. <mask> accepted and his long association as head of distribution for Eastman Kodak began. In addition to his position with Kodak and his presidency of the Sales Company, <mask> also launched the Animated Weekly newsreel series and co-founded Peerless Pictures. He was also an advisor and producer for the French-based Eclair Film Company, which opened in 1911 an extensive, state-of-the-art studio at Fort Lee, New Jersey, then the center of the burgeoning American movie industry. Eclair was a leader in technical and artistic advancements afoot in filmmaking at the time, and its American branch was hailed as a mecca for top talent, which Brulatour helped cultivate.Dorothy Gibson In fact, its first leading lady, Dorothy Gibson, already well known as a model for leading illustrator Harrison Fisher, not only became a big star in Eclair vehicles but she landed the married <mask> as a boyfriend. His mistress proved herself a marketable screen personality, especially as a comedian in such popular one-reelers as Miss Masquerader (1911) and Love Finds a Way (1912). But her best-known role was that of herself in the drama Saved From the Titanic (1912), based on her real-life experiences as a survivor of the famous maritime disaster. The movie, produced by Brulatour, was the first of many cinematic and theatrical productions about the sinking. It was released May 16, 1912, just over a month after the Titanic went down. Brulatour also produced the first newsreel about the Titanic disaster (Animated Weekly, issue No. 7, released April 22, 1912).After the success of Saved From the Titanic, Dorothy Gibson retired from Eclair, choosing to study opera which Brulatour encouraged and financed. In 1913 her new career was interrupted when she was involved in a car accident in which a pedestrian was killed. The resulting lawsuit revealed that the car driven by Dorothy was owned by <mask> and that she was his lover. Although he was already separated from his wife, Clara Isabelle Blouin <mask>, the court scandal prompted her to initiate a divorce which was finalized in 1915. With Clara he had three children, Claude, Yvonne, and Ruth. Film production and Universal Film Meantime, <mask> had teamed up again with Carl Laemmle to form the Universal Film Manufacturing Company, later known as Universal Pictures. This corporation, begun in 1912, drew together competing studios in an unprecedented amalgamation of talent and resources.Serving as Universal's first president, <mask> was accused of conflict of interest by George Eastman, and although he denied the charge, he resigned. Despite its unfortunate outcome for <mask> personally, the consolidation of the leading independent filmmakers under the umbrella of Universal was a major turning point in the history of American motion pictures. The merger not only signaled the triumph of a free market in the industry but lead to the creation of the first major Hollywood studio –– Universal City, constructed in 1914–1915 in Los Angeles in an effort by Laemmle to centralize operations. In 1914 <mask> funded the construction of larger studios for Peerless Pictures at Fort Lee as well as the rebuilding of Eclair's processing laboratory, storage vault and offices, which had burned, destroying negatives for almost all the firm's films made over the last three years. Throughout 1915–1916, while his girlfriend appeared with moderate success in Metropolitan Opera House productions, <mask> was promoted to the presidency of the Eastman Kodak Company. He also helped form another studio at Fort Lee, Paragon Films, for which he built a large facility specifically for the on-site production of Eastman stock. Political influence By 1917 <mask> was a very rich man, reportedly worth several million dollars, and he was increasingly powerful politically.That year he was appointed to the executive committee of the National Association of the Motion Picture Industry. <mask> chiefly conferred with the group's War Cooperation Subcommittee, which networked with the US government for the promotion of public welfare and propaganda films. It is believed that his sudden high profile in Washington, D.C. determined him to legitimize his relationship with Dorothy Gibson, whom he finally married on July 6, 1917, a week before his first conference with President Woodrow Wilson and United States Treasury Department Secretary McAdoo. The next year <mask> was invited to join the film division of President Wilson's Committee on Public Information, but this appointment was less fruitful. Arguments and financial troubles arose almost immediately, and allegations flew of undue influence from media baron William Randolph Hearst and even of bribes from Brulatour; nothing was proven but he resigned under pressure. Privately, <mask>'s life was also unraveling. His marriage to Dorothy infuriated his first wife, who started proceedings against him, claiming the union was illegal since he had obtained a divorce in Kentucky instead of New York, the state of his residency.This was a drawn-out, complicated affair, and the stress ruined his second marriage, which was finally dissolved as an invalid contract in 1919, a humiliated Dorothy Gibson leaving New York shortly thereafter to live in relative peace and anonymity in Paris. She was allotted alimony and permitted the use of the Brulatour name. In 1926, after a three-year investigation of Kodak by the Federal Trade Commission, <mask> was severely fined, along with George Eastman, for "conspiracy to hinder and restrain commercial competition." Hope Hampton and declining career <mask> married a third time in 1923. His new wife was starlet Hope Hampton, a Texas-born beauty queen who was just beginning in movies. Though still head of Kodak, Brulatour was increasingly interested in his new bride's career, which he personally managed. Like Dorothy before her, Hope's film work was short-lived, and she took another page from her predecessor's book when she decided to go into opera, urged on and funded by Brulatour.The last 20 years of his life were largely uneventful. He and Hope were opening night regulars on Broadway; she especially was a magnet for press attention. Giving up acting and singing by the early-1940s, Hope devoted herself to the high-life –– entertaining lavishly, dressing extravagantly and delighting in being dubbed "Duchess of Park Avenue" in the society columns. But there were a few odd episodes, such as an unsolved shooting incident in 1939, in which Brulatour was wounded by a would-be assassin whom he refused to identify. And in 1941, he was chagrined to learn that the boozy flop of an opera singer in Citizen Kane, the hit RKO film directed by and starring Orson Welles, was partly based on Hope and his ex-wife Dorothy. <mask> died on 26 October 1946 in Mount Sinai Hospital after an illness that lasted several weeks. Distinctions 1930: French Legion of Honor for his services to the motion picture industry during World War I.Personal life With his first wife Clara Isabelle, he had a son and two daughters. References Footnotes American film studio executives American film producers 1870 births 1946 deaths People from Louisiana American film production company founders NBCUniversal people

Henry Bradford Endicott

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<mask> (September 11, 1853 – February 12, 1920) was the founder of the Endicott Johnson Corporation as well as the builder of the Endicott Estate, in Dedham, Massachusetts. During World War I he served in numerous public capacities, including as a labor strike negotiator and as director of the Massachusetts Committee on Public Safety. He was born in Dedham, and died of spinal meningitis at the Brooks Hospital in Brookline. He was born poor but died a multimillionaire, one of the richest men in the world, and was called "a typical Horatio Alger type." The village of Endicott, New York was named for him. Personal life <mask> was born in the family homestead in Dedham, the son of <mask>, a businessman and state and local official, and Sarah Fairbanks. He was a descendant of John Endecott, the first governor of Massachusetts, on his father's side and direct descendant of Jonathan Fairbanks on his mother's.He was graduated from Dedham High School after three years. He had two children, <mask> and Gertrude Adele, with his first wife, Caroline Williams Russell, whom he married on May 23, 1876. They divorced in 1904. He remarried in Rye Beach, New Hampshire to fellow Dedhamite Louise Clapp Colburn, a widow with two children from her first marriage to Isaac Colburn (1853–1914), Samuel Clapp Colburn and Katherine Farwell Colburn. He adopted the Colburn children in 1916. He was the uncle, through his sister Elizabeth, of Phillip E. Young. Endicott liked to hunt and he enjoyed cigars.When about to smoke in the company of a close friend, it was characteristic of him that he would pull a cigar from his vest pocket, clinch it with his teeth and, taking another perfecto from his vest, he would vigorously thrust it into the mouth of his companion. Business career Endicott spent his boyhood on the farm of his father where his first venture into business was to sell the milk of the farm, the profits of which be divided with his mother. He then went to work for a short time in a plumber's shop, but lost his job because he went to the Massachusetts State Fair in Reading after his boss told him he would be fired if he did so. He was 22 when he went in business for himself. He had obtained work in the leather district and having acquired a little experience and a modest capital he launched the firm of H.B. Endicott & Co. The company, which dealt in sheepskins, was headquartered at 27 High Street in Boston, a few doors down from the offices of the later Endicott Johnson Corporation 10 High Street.He became treasurer of the Commonwealth Shoe & Leather Company, and it was through his connection with this firm that he entered the shoe manufacturing business. Endicott went to the factory of the Lestershire Boot & Shoe Company near Binghamton, New York, to investigate an order of leather his company had made from them. he was their principal creditor, and the company had fallen into financial difficulties in 1890. Recognizing the potential of the company, he bought it. Under his ownership, the renamed Lestershire Manufacturing Company grew to many times its original size. He sold half of the company to the company's foreman, George F. Johnson, but as Johnson did not have enough any money Endicott loaned him $150,000. Their company became the Endicott Johnson Corporation.He operated factories in New York and had tanneries in Maine and Massachusetts. He was one of the largest employers in the country but there was never a strike at any of his factories, and he did not hesitate to fraternize with his employees. He once stepped into the lunch room at a factory and, sitting beside a group of his employees, he ate a frugal meal which did not cost more than 15 cents. He chatted with the men at his side and spoke complimentary of the meal. During World War I he made a million dollars or more in profit. Endicott also served as director of the Chase National Bank of New York, the United Shoe Machinery Corporation, the State Street Trust Company, and of the United States Smelting and Refining Company. He joined the board of Shawmut Bank after the Third National Bank closed merged with it.In 1920 he called on workers to speed up production, but said that employers must make "the conditions under which the work is speeded up as bright, sunny, comfortable and attractive as possible in all ways." When the US Government brought a suit against United Shoe pursuant to the Sherman Anti-Trust Act, it named <mask> as a defendant. One of the chief antagonists the case was his fellow Dedhamite, Louis Brandeis. Charities and public service Within 12 hours of the 1917 Halifax Explosion, Endicott organized and sent a relief train to help with the recovery. It was an accomplishment which testified to his remarkable executive ability and power as an organizer for the train left the North Station bearing a large force of doctors and nurses that was assembled in haste from all over the state, as well as supplies. He served as chairman of the Massachusetts–Halifax Relief Commission. He was also chairman of the Emergency Public Health Committee during the influenza epidemic of 1918.During this epidemic he rallied the forces of the state for combating the disease and it is estimated that the service of this committee saved 10,000 lives. He also regularly gave out free shoes to those in need. He showered gifts upon the little New York town in which his big shoe factory was located and has been generous in providing means for public improvement in his native town of Dedham. A few years before he died Endicott gave the New York town where his factory was located a $50,000 clubhouse. Every Christmas for many years he gave "a small sized fortune to the poor people of that town." In 1919 it was for $10,000. World War I He was appointed by Governor Samuel W. McCall as food administrator and the executive manager of the Massachusetts Committee on Public Safety during World War I.His activities in these two posts kept him constantly in the public eye and it was through his interest in seeing that Massachusetts and New England kept its resources unremittingly behind the government in the prosecution of the war that he first entered the industrial field as an adjuster of disputes. As executive manager of the public safety committee he first directed a general inventory of the state s resources available to aid in the war. As food administrator he laid out a program of food conservation and regulation which was imitated throughout the nation. During this time he was a dollar-a-year man, taking only $1 in salary, and he tore up the lawn on the Sanderson Street side of his estate to grow potatoes and other vegetables in order to support the war effort and show the need for Victory Gardens. Endicott also took out $1 million in liberty bonds from his personal account, and an equal amount from his company's. When Endicott resigned from his war commission appointments, Governor McCall stated: Let me say here that nothing could exceed the patriotism and efficiency of the work you have rendered. I understand that from the time you were appointed until yesterday, a period of 23 months, you have not once been to your place of business.I know that you have devoted yourself wholly to the patriotic work of rendering service to the country in the sore time through which we have passed. <mask> himself said that I am not a politician. I do not want any public office in this State or in the nation. My sole object in doing the work I am engaged in is to render the public such service as I am capable of—a duty I feel incumbent on every citizen of this country in this crisis. I am enlisted for the war. All my energies, all my time, my business experience, and knowledge of affairs I willingly and gladly give the State and nation. I shall feel amply repaid if I can convince myself that I have been able to contribute something in behalf of the common cause in which the United States is engaged—the defeat of Prussianism and autocracy and the triumph of democracy as we understand it in America.In his war work <mask> never hesitated to cut red tape when by so doing he made the work of his department more efficient and brought speedier and more satisfactory results. He said "This is the way that private business is run. No private business could be run the way the government conducts its business. It would be in the hands of a receiver in no time." Labor disputes Endicott enjoyed the confidence of both labor and capital, and he was called upon over and over again to adjust disputes which had engendered much bitter feeling on both sides. Endicott was also appointed by the governor as a strike mediator and settled over 100 strikes, including ones at the Boston and Maine railroad, the elevated Boston railroad companies, and in factories around New England. In a single year he settled disputes affecting over 100,000 workers.He said that when attempting to end a strike "The first principle is to give a square deal to both employer and employee." When asked for a specific case, Endicott cited the Boston Elevated Railway strike, saying the carmen demanded 73 cents an hour and that the trustees were only willing to give 53 cents. After investigating the wages paid to the carmen in other large cities, he settled on 60 cents an hour, saying that it was only a fair wage when the importance of the men's work was considered. His reputation brought him appointment by President Woodrow Wilson as one of 15 public representatives at the National Labor Conference in Washington, D.C. in October 1919. He was disappointed with the results of the conference. Endicott Estate On January 12, 1904, Endicott's home burnt to the ground while he and his family were away. The fire department was not able to get to the estate in time as they were dealing with three other fires simultaneously, including one at the fire house, and deep snow.The fire was discovered around 10 p.m. by a caretaker who lived in the house. It took several hours to extinguish the flames. The house and furnishings were valued at more than $15,000. It is said that "<mask> took the burning of the homestead as a divine command to rebuild, and rebuild he did, although not without incident." He cleared the ashes away and built a new homestead on the parcel, today known as the Endicott Estate, and bought a new fire truck for the Town. The three story building he constructed has nine bathrooms, eight bedrooms, a library, a music room, a ballroom, a mirrored parlor, a butler's kitchen, a linen room, and servants' quarters. When a radiator burst during the construction, "causing a raging river to crash down the main stairway," he tore down one end of the house and burned a pile of beautiful wall paneling, parquet floors, and elegant woodwork, much to the dismay of his neighbors.An additional 70 feet was then added onto the house. While he was building his mansion, his distant cousins were living in the Fairbanks House just away without electricity or indoor plumbing. When he died in 1920 he left the building to his wife, who in turn left it to her daughter Katherine in 1944. Katherine died in 1967 without any children and willed the land and the estate to the town for "public educational purposes, public recreational purposes, or other exclusively public purposes." At the time "town didn't know quite what to do with it" and it was given to the Commonwealth to be used as a governor's mansion, but those plans were scuttled. What was a nine car garage on the Mt. Vernon Street side of the property today serves as the Endicott branch of the Dedham Public Library.End of life Death and funeral In January 1920, while on a hunting trip in North Carolina with other Boston men, which was meant to be a vacation from his public and business affairs, he came down with influenza. The frequent and intense headaches he suffered on the return trip caused him to take up residence at the Hotel Touraine rather than at his home in Dedham so to be closer to his doctors. He was taken to the hospital on February 10 where he was operated on, but remained delirious until his death on the 12th. His family was at his bedside. The funeral services were extremely simple, and took place in the home of Clarence W. Barron at 334 Beacon Street in Boston. A number of prominent men, including Harvard president A. Lawrence Lowell, served as pallbearers at his funeral, with Governors Calvin Coolidge and McCall serving as the head pallbearers. The funeral was led by James Hardy Ropes, dean of the Harvard University Extension School.He was buried in the Forest Hills Cemetery. McCall and Coolidge issued statements upon his death, with the former saying that he would "take rank with the great patriots of Massachusetts." President Woodrow Wilson telegramed his condolence to <mask>, saying "Permit me to express our heartfelt sympathy with you in your bereavement. Mr Endicott's disinterested and public spirited services have made the country his debtor. His loss is a real one." The presidential message of sympathy was only one of scores from all parts of the United States. The Wall Street Journal ran an editorial praising him saying that it was rare to find someone so adept at both business and statesmanship.Legacy The two executors of his will each posted $18 million bonds, the largest ever in Norfolk County. The "shoe king's" estate was worth $11,674,976 in personal property and $92,500 in real estate, including $3.9 million in 'liberty bonds and $6.2 million in Endicott Johnson stock, large amounts of other stock and bonds, and $873,990 in cash. He left nearly the entire amount to his immediate family, with some friends and old servants receiving small bequests. His obituary ran in newspapers across the country. After news of his death reached the stock market, the stock price of the Endicott Johnson Corporation tumbled. In 1928, his estate received a tax refund of $546,599, one of the largest in the country. In 1921 Endicott's widow Louise gave $35,000 to the American Legion to build a clubhouse nearby the family Estate on Whiting Ave. His daughter Gertrude pre-deceased him.Notes References Works cited Further reading 1854 births 1920 deaths Businesspeople from Dedham, Massachusetts Philanthropists from Dedham, Massachusetts

Stephen Cluxton

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<mask> (born 17 December 1981) is an Irish Gaelic footballer who plays as a goalkeeper at senior level for the Dublin county team, which he captains. <mask> made his senior debut for Dublin during the 2001 Championship. Since then he has established himself as Dublin's first-choice goalkeeper and has won eight All-Ireland medals, beginning with wins in 2011 and 2013, and six championships in a row from 2015 to 2020. <mask> is the only player in the history of the game to captain a team to seven championship titles. He has also won a record 16 Leinster medals, five National Football League medals and six All Stars. Early life Born in Coolock, <mask> was raised in a house that had a strong association with association football. His father, Pat, won a lot of medals with Postal Celtic, while <mask> himself played with St David's Primary School and Tolka Rovers.Playing career College <mask> first played competitive Gaelic football with St David's CBS in Artane. He initially played association football at school and was reluctant to play Gaelic football as he believed that the sport was "too brutal". <mask> was eventually persuaded to join the St David's Gaelic football team and began as a corner-forward because of his ability to kick the ball off the ground before later moving to corner-back. The suspension and emigration of the school's first and second-choice goalkeepers saw <mask> fill in as goalkeeper. University During his studies at Dublin City University, <mask> was selected for the college's senior football team. On 25 February 2006, he won a Sigerson Cup medal as goalkeeper following DCU's 0–11 to 1–04 defeat of Queen's University Belfast in the final. Club Cluxton joined the Parnells club at a young age and played in all grades at juvenile and underage levels.Known for his shot stopping, reflexes and agility in these grades, some deemed him a "little small for a goalkeeper and questioned his aerial ability" when he eventually joined the club's senior team. <mask> subsequently worked on these "perceived weaknesses" in his game. He plays midfield with them. Inter-county Minor and under-21 <mask> first played for Dublin at minor level as a 17-year-old. On 7 August 1999, he was in goal when Dublin defeated Wexford by 2–13 to 1–12 in the Leinster final replay. <mask> subsequently joined the Dublin under-21 team, making his first appearance on 18 February 2001 in a Leinster quarter-final defeat of Longford. After a disappointing debut season in the grade, <mask> won a Leinster Championship medal in 2002 after a 1–17 to 2–04 defeat of Wicklow in the final at St Conleth's Park.On 6 October 2002, <mask> was in goal for Dublin when they suffered a 0–15 to 0–07 defeat by Galway in the All-Ireland final. Senior 2001–2005 <mask> made his championship debut in goal for Dublin on 27 May 2001 in a 2–19 to 1–13 Leinster Championship defeat of Longford. He made two appearances during the championship before being replaced by regular goalkeeper Davy Byrne who returned from injury. Byrne's retirement from Dublin in February 2002 allowed <mask> to take over as first-choice goalkeeper. <mask> made his National Football League debut against Donegal in 2002; he would go on to complete his 99th league appearance against Donegal in 2018. On 14 July 2002, he was in goal when Dublin won their first Leinster Championship title in seven years after a 2–13 to 2–11 defeat of Kildare in the final. <mask> ended the season by winning his first All Star Award as well as being named the RTÉ/Hibernian Young Personality of the Year.On 5 July 2003, <mask> was red-carded for kicking Steven McDonnell in the 43rd minute of Dublin's All-Ireland Qualifier defeat by Armagh. Dublin manager Tommy Lyons publicly blamed him for the defeat stating that his dismissal "turned the whole game." Reports suggested that <mask> walked home alone from Croke Park without his gearbag as many suspected that he would receive a lengthy ban. The uncertainty led to <mask> questioning his future involvement with the team, particularly when St. Patrick's Athletic and other professional football clubs offered him a contract to switch codes and play in the League of Ireland. Ultimately, he received a one-month ban and soon returned to the Dublin panel. On 17 July 2005, <mask> won his second Leinster Championship medal after Dublin's 0–14 to 0–13 defeat of Laois in the final. 2006–2012 <mask> won a third Leinster Championship medal on 16 July 2006 when Dublin retained the title after a 1–15 to 0–09 defeat of Offaly in the final.He ended the season by winning his second All Star Award in goal. On 15 July 2007, <mask> won his fourth Leinster Championship medal when Dublin completed a hat-trick of provincial titles following a 3–14 to 1–14 defeat of Laois in the final. In spite of some questionable kick-outs in the All-Ireland semi-final defeat by Kerry, <mask> conceded just two goals in six championship games and was presented with his third All Star Award. <mask> won a fifth Leinster Championship medal on 20 July 2008 when Dublin retained the title for a fourth successive year after a 3–23 to 0–09 defeat of Wexford in the final. On 12 July 2009, <mask> was in goal for Dublin's fifth successive Leinster Championship triumph after a 2–15 to 0–18 defeat of Kildare in the final. He was later nominated for an All Star Award, however, he lost out to Kerry's Diarmuid Murphy. Dublin surrendered their title to Meath in 2010 in a game which saw <mask> concede five goals, however, he won a seventh Leinster Championship medal the following year after a 2–12 to 1–12 defeat of Wexford in the final.On 18 September 2011, <mask> lined out in goal against Kerry in his first All-Ireland final. In the 72nd minute of the game and with the sides level he scored a free kick to secure a 1–12 to 1–11 victory and a first All-Ireland title for Dublin in 16 years. Shortly after the final whistle, <mask> was presented with the match ball by Tomás Ó Sé, however, in keeping with his intensely private persona, he avoided the post-match celebrations and retreated to the dressing room. Dublin teammate Paul Flynn paid tribute afterwards: "He [<mask>] is out training an hour before everybody else and he kicks them over with his eyes closed. I didn't even look at the kick. I looked at him and he just kicked it and ran back. He is a phenomenal man, I am delighted for him."<mask> ended the season by winning a fourth All Star Award as well as being nominated for Footballer of the Year. On 22 July 2012, <mask> won an eighth Leinster Championship medal after a 2–13 to 1–13 defeat of Meath in the final. Dublin later surrendered their All-Ireland title, however, <mask> ended the season with another All Star nomination but lost out to Donegal's Paul Durcan for the goalkeeping position. Jim Gavin's appointment as manager of Dublin in October 2012 resulted in <mask> taking over the captaincy of the team. 2013–2020 On 28 April 2013, he won his first silverware as captain when the Dublin team defeated Tyrone by 0–18 to 0–17 to win the National Football League title for the first time in 20 years. He later won a ninth Leinster Championship medal when he captained Dublin to a 2–15 to 0–14 defeat of Meath in the final. He was later criticised on The Sunday Game for time wasting by taking 7 minutes and 54 seconds to take seven frees during the game.On 22 September 2013, <mask> captained Dublin for the first time in an All-Ireland final. He ended the game as Dublin's second top scorer with two points from frees in Dublin's 2–12 to 1–14 defeat of Mayo. <mask> ended the year by winning a fifth All Star Award, while he was also nominated for Football of the Year for a second time. On 27 April 2014, <mask> won a second successive National League medal as captain of the team following Dublin's 3–19 to 1–10 defeat of Derry in defending their title. He later won his 10th Leinster Championship medal as Dublin retained the title for a fourth successive year following a 3–20 to 1–10 defeat of Meath. Dublin later surrendered their All-Ireland title, however, <mask> ended the season with another All Star nomination but lost out to Donegal's Paul Durcan for the second time in three seasons. <mask> captained Dublin to a third successive National League title on 26 April 2015 after a 1–12 to 2–07 defeat of Cork in the final.Later that season Dublin's dominance continued in the Leinster Championship, with <mask> winning an 11th provincial medal when he captained Dublin to a 2–13 to 0–06 defeat of Westmeath in the final. On 20 September 2015, he became the first goalkeeper to score in three All-Ireland finals when he captained Dublin to a 0–12 to 0–09 defeat of Kerry. It was his third All-Ireland winners' medal. <mask> again lead Dublin to an All-Ireland Final in 2016 against Mayo. This ended a draw after a relatively poor game due to difficult weather conditions, on a scoreline of 2–09 to 0–15. He captained Dublin to win the replay on a scoreline of 1–15 to 1–14. In 2017, Dublin were narrowly defeated in the National League final by Kerry by a single point.Dublin then went on to win a record seven Leinster titles in-a-row. On 17 September, <mask> again captained Dublin to a historic 3-in-a-row All-Ireland titles with another narrow 1–17 to 1–16 victory against Mayo. Having been outplayed in the first half, the Dubs turned the game around to win a thrilling game courtesy of a 75th-minute Dean Rock free. <mask> started in six of Dublin's games during the 2018 National League, during which time he made his 100th league appearance. On 1 April 2018, he captained Dublin to a fifth league title in seven seasons after an 0–18 to 0–14 defeat of Galway in the final. During the subsequent Leinster semi-final defeat of Longford, <mask> suffered an injury to the lower back after a challenge by James McGivney. The injury resulted in him missing his first championship game since 2004, however, he won a 14th Leinster medal as a non-playing substitute after Dublin's 1–25 to 0–10 defeat of Laois in the final.On 2 September 2018, <mask> made his 200th appearance for Dublin when he captained the team to a record-equalling fourth successive All-Ireland title after a 2–17 to 1–14 defeat of Tyrone in the final. In doing so he broke his own record by becoming the only player in the history of the championship to captain a team to four All-Ireland titles in-a-row. It was his fifth time captaining the team to the title while it was his sixth All-Ireland winners' medal overall. While his teammates celebrated, <mask> took out a broom and swept the changing room floor. <mask> became his county's most capped player on 17 October 2020, overtaking Johnny McDonnell's record against Meath in the National League. On 19 December 2020, <mask> won his eight All-Ireland senior title and seventh as captain as Dublin defeated Mayo in the 2020 All-Ireland Final. 2021 & 2022 <mask> was missing from the Dublin panel in both the 2021 League and Championship campaigns as Dublin shared the Allianz Division 1 Football League title with Kerry, and lost their first Championship match since 2014 against Mayo in the 2021 All Ireland Senior Football Championship Semi-Final, ending their quest for 7 All Irelands in a row, and bringing the most successful and continuously dominant period in the history of Gaelic football to an end.His absence was a discussion point in the media throughout the year, with some speculation as to whether no announcement was in-keeping with <mask>’s low profile personality, or whether the departure was more acrimonious in nature. On 8 January 2022, in the aftermath of Dublin's O'Byrne Cup victory over Offaly, Dublin manager Dessie Farrell announced that <mask> would not be returning to the Dublin fold for the coming league and championship, all but confirming <mask>'s retirement. International rules <mask> made his debut appearance for Ireland in the International Rules Series during the 2002 test series won by Australia. He was part of the victorious Irish team during the 2004 International Rules Series, winning the Irish player of the tournament award. <mask> kept a clean sheet when he played in goal for Ireland in the 2010 International Rules Series in Limerick. <mask> captained Ireland during the 2011 International Rules Series in Australia. Ireland went on to win the Series.Injury ruled him out of the 2013 International Rules Series so Paddy O'Rourke filled his gloves. Reception <mask> has been described by some commentators as the "best Gaelic football goalkeeper of all time". Irish Times writer Malachy Clerkin described him as having had "one of the GAA's greatest careers", while Colm O'Rourke has described <mask> as "the best goalkeeper I have seen". Personal life <mask> is a secondary school teacher at St David's CBS, Artane, where he teaches Physics. He served as a member of the school football team coaching staff. He teaches Biology at St Vincent's CBS. Charity work In April 2011, while participating in a charity association football match between Darndale F.C.and Liverpool/Manchester United Legends in aid of Autism Ireland, Cluxton clashed with former Republic of Ireland national football team player Jason McAteer. <mask> and McAteer were both sent off. Career statistics Honours Team Dublin City University Sigerson Cup (1): 2006 Dublin All-Ireland Senior Football Championship (8): 2011, 2013 (c), 2015 (c), 2016 (c) 2017 (c) 2018 (c) 2019 (c) 2020 (c) Leinster Senior Football Championship (16): 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2011, 2012, 2013 (c), 2014 (c), 2015 (c), 2016 (c), 2017 (c), 2018 (c), 2019 (c), 2020 (c) National Football League (5): 2013 (c), 2014 (c), 2015 (c), 2016 (c), 2018 (c) O'Byrne Cup (1): 2007 Leinster Under-21 Football Championship (1): 2002 Leinster Minor Football Championship (1): 1999 Ireland International Rules Series (2): 2004, 2011 (c) Individual Awards GAA-GPA All Stars Awards (6): 2002, 2006, 2007, 2011, 2013, 2019 GPA Gaelic Team of the Year (2): 2006, 2007 All Stars Footballer of the Year (1): 2019 In May 2020, a public poll conducted by RTÉ.ie named Cluxton as goalkeeper in a team of footballers who had won All Stars during the era of The Sunday Game. Also in May 2020, the Irish Independent named Cluxton at number four in its "Top 20 footballers in Ireland over the past 50 years". References External links Parnells GAA website Dublin GAA at HoganStand.com Official Dublin GAA website 2005 Sigerson Cup Final 1981 births Living people Alumni of Dublin City University DCU Gaelic footballers Dublin inter-county Gaelic footballers Gaelic footballers who switched code Gaelic football goalkeepers Irish international rules football players Irish schoolteachers Parnells Gaelic footballers (Dublin) Science teachers Winners of eight All-Ireland medals (Gaelic football) Tolka Rovers F.C. players Republic of Ireland association footballers Association footballers from County Dublin Association footballers not categorized by position

Pino Locchi

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Giuseppe "<mask>" <mask> (November 10, 1925 – November 21, 1994) was an Italian actor and voice actor. After starting his screen career as a child actor in the 1930s, <mask> later became a very prominent voice actor dubbing foreign films for release in the Italian market. Biography <mask> began his acting career in 1932 starring in the film The Last Adventure and he continued his acting career as a child until 1942. As a voice actor, he dubbed the voices of many actors. He was the official Italian voice of Sean Connery until his death in 1994. Other actors he dubbed included Tony Curtis, Roger Moore, Charles Bronson, Terence Hill, Sidney Poitier, Jean-Paul Belmondo and many more. Because <mask> was Sean Connery's official voice actor, he was the primary Italian voice of James Bond.<mask> continued to dub Bond while he was portrayed by George Lazenby and Roger Moore. In his animated film roles, he performed the Italian voices of characters in Disney animated feature films. He was the voice of Baloo the Bear in the 1967 film The Jungle Book and Little John in the 1973 film Robin Hood (Both characters were voiced by Phil Harris). He also voiced King Triton in the Italian dub of The Little Mermaid. <mask>'s daughter <mask> works as a theater actress. Death In the summer of 1994, <mask> suffered a heart attack followed by a stroke. He died in November later that year just eleven days after his 69th birthday.After his death, Luciano De Ambrosis became the new Italian voice actor of Sean Connery. Filmography Cinema The Last Adventure (1932) Zaganella and the Cavalier (1932) Sette giorni cento lire (1933) Black Shirt (1933) Mr. Desire (1934) The Canal of the Angels (1934) The Joker King (1935) 100 Days of Napoleon (1935) La luce del mondo (1935) God's Will Be Done (1936) Fireworks (1938) Who Are You? (1939) Gli ultimi della strada (1939) Disturbance (1942) The Affairs of Messalina (1951) - Uncredited La trappola di fuoco (1952) VIP my Brother Superman (1968) - Voice The Immortal Bachelor (1975) Stark System (1980) El Hombre de la multitud (1986) Dubbing roles Animation Baloo in The Jungle Book Little John in Robin Hood King Triton in The Little Mermaid Wise Owl in So Dear to My Heart Sir Kay in The Sword in the Stone Toughy in Lady and the Tramp Gus in Cinderella (1967 redub) Bear in Bedknobs and Broomsticks Grifter Chizzling in Hey There, It's Yogi Bear! Maurice/Philippe in Paris When It Sizzles Eric in The Vikings Albert DeSalvo in The Boston Strangler Terry Williams in Wild and Wonderful Johnny Dark in Johnny Dark Joe Maxwell in So This Is Paris Archie Porter in Tarzan in Manhattan Myles Falworth in The Black Shield of Falworth Andriy Bulba in Taras Bulba Bellboy in The Lady Gambles Jerry Florea in Six Bridges to Cross Pete Hammond Jr. in The Rat Race Sidney Falco in Sweet Smell of Success John "Joker" Jackson in The Defiant Ones Nick Holden in Operation Petticoat David Wilson in Who Was That Lady? Cory in Mister Cory Bernard Lawrence in Boeing Boeing Joe Martini in The Midnight Story Jackson Leibowitz in Captain Newman, M.D. Britt Harris in Kings Go Forth Ben Matthews in The Rawhide Years Leslie Gallant III in The Great Race Ferdinand Waldo Demara in The Great Impostor Paul Hodges in The Perfect Furlough Rene de Traviere / The Purple Mask in The Purple Mask Tino Orsini in Trapeze Martin N. Fenn in The Mirror Crack'd Captain Jones in Francis Trinity in They Call Me Trinity Trinity in Trinity Is Still My Name Plata in ... All the Way, Boys!Sir Thomas Fitzpatrick Phillip Moore in Man of the East Kid in Watch Out, We're Mad! Barthelemy Cordell in The Inheritor Antoine Maréchal in Tender Scoundrel Julien Maillat in Weekend at Dunkirk François Holin in Ho! Yancy Hawks in The Wild and the Innocent Clay in Hell Bent for Leather Joe Maybe in Ride a Crooked Trail Jim Harvey in Tumbleweed Ring Hassard in Sierra John Clum in Walk the Proud Land The Utica Kid in Night Passage Audie Murphy in To Hell and Back Clay O'Mara in Ride Clear of Diablo Matt Brown in Cast a Long Shadow Luke Cromwell in The Duel at Silver Creek Reb Kittridge in Gunsmoke Thomas in Beyond Glory Billy the Kid in The Kid from Texas John Gant in No Name on the Bullet John Woodley in Joe Butterfly Rau-Ru Ponce de Leon in Band of Angels Homer Smith in Lilies of the Field Ben Munceford in The Bedford Incident John Prentice in Guess Who's Coming to Dinner Virgil Tibbs in In the Heat of the Night Virgil Tibbs in They Call Me Mister Tibbs! Virgil Tibbs in The Organization Roy Parmenter in Little Nikita Donald Crease in Sneakers Samuel Trautman in First Blood Samuel Trautman in Rambo: First Blood Part II Richard Aldrich in Star! Oliver Hardy in Laurel and Hardy (1955-1958 redubs) Vince Everett in Jailhouse Rock Danny Fisher in King Creole Chad Gates in Blue Hawaii Pacer Burton in Flaming Star Ross Carpenter in Girls! Girls! Girls!Mike Windgren in Fun in Acapulco Rick Richards in Paradise, Hawaiian Style Ted Jackson in Easy Come, Easy Go Steve Grayson in Speedway Charlie Rogers in Roustabout Mike Edwards in It Happened at the World's Fair Husband E. Kimmel in Tora! Tora! Tora! Mr. Beamish in St. Elmo's Fire Juror #1 in 12 Angry Men Jack in Middle of the Night Mr. Pym in Two Evil Eyes Sherif Ali in Lawrence of Arabia Francisco in Behold a Pale Horse Major Grau in The Night of the Generals Feodor Sverdlov in The Tamarind Seed Nicky Arnstein in Funny Lady Deacon in The Baltimore Bullet Lou Caruthers in Back to the Future Tom Robinson in To Kill a Mockingbird Narrator in Far and Away Gordon Grant in A Kiss Before Dying Child Catcher in Chitty Chitty Bang Bang Charlie Foster in A Breath of Scandal John McBurney in The Beguiled Burt Hanson in Autumn Leaves Vin Tanner in The Magnificent Seven References Bibliography Roberto Curti. Italian Crime Filmography, 1968–1980. McFarland, 2013. External links <mask> <mask> at Behind the Voice Actors 1925 births 1994 deaths Male actors from Rome Italian male film actors Italian male voice actors Italian male stage actors Italian male child actors Italian voice directors 20th-century Italian male actors

Wilfred Hudleston Hudleston

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<mask> FRS (né Simpson) (2 June 1828 – 29 January 1909) was an English geologist, ornithologist and paleontologist. <mask> was born at York on 2 June 1828. He was the eldest son of John Simpson of Knaresborough (the third in succession to practise medicine) and Elizabeth, daughter of Thomas Ward of Dore House, near Handsworth. His mother was an heiress through her mother, <mask> (died 1856), of the family of Hudleston of Hutton John, Cumberland. <mask>, who with the rest of his family assumed the surname of Hudleston by royal licence in 1867, was educated first at St Peter's School, York, and afterwards at Uppingham, proceeding to St John's College, Cambridge, where he graduated B.A. in 1850 and M.A. in 1853.At Cambridge, he was interested chiefly in ornithology, which he had begun to study at school. In 1855 he spent a summer in Lapland, collecting with Alfred Newton and John Woolley. After visiting Algeria and the eastern Atlas with Henry Baker Tristram and Osbert Salvin, he spent more than a year in Greece and Turkey adding to his collections. From 1862 to 1867, he systematically studied natural history and chemistry, attending courses of lectures at the University of Edinburgh, and afterwards at the Royal College of Chemistry in London. Undecided at first whether to make chemistry or geology his chief subject, he was drawn to the latter by the influence of John Morris. Settling in London, although he lived part of the year on property at West Holme, Dorset, and at Knaresborough, he began his career as a geologist. Engaging actively in the work of the Geologists' Association, he served as secretary from 1874 to 1877, and supplied many reports of their excursions.He was president of the association (1881–83). He became a fellow of the Geological Society of London in 1867, was secretary (1886–90), and president from 1892 to 1894. He contributed to the society's Journal, among others, a paper (with the Rev. J. F. Blake) on the Corallian rocks of England. Other papers on the Jurassic system appeared in the Geological Magazine, and in 1887 he began to publish in the Palæontographical Society's volumes a monograph on the inferior oolite gastropods, which, when completed in 1896, comprised 514 pages of letterpress and 44 plates in 9 parts. It was largely founded on his own collection of these fossils, which he bequeathed to the Sedgwick Museum, Cambridge. In 1884, Hudleston was elected Fellow of the Royal Society.In 1886 and the following year he undertook some dredging in the English Channel for mollusca, and aided the foundation of a marine laboratory at Cullercoats, Northumberland. Early in 1895 he made a journey in India, travelling from Bombay as far as Srinagar. <mask>, who received the Geological Society's Wollaston Medal in 1897, presided over the geological section of the British Association in 1898. He received, with the other three original members, a gold medal at the Fiftieth Anniversary 'Jubilee Meeting of the British Ornithologists' Union' in December 1908. He was also a president of the Devonshire Association and other local societies. In 1906 he funded the construction of what became the Dove Marine Laboratory, now part of the University of Newcastle, after the original site had been destroyed by fire. In 1910 he posthumously co-authored a book entitled "A history of the Dove family : and their descendants in connection with Cullercoats, Northumberland".<mask> died on 29 January 1909, aged 80, at his country house at West Holme, near Wareham, Dorset. He is buried at St Andrew's Church on Ham Common; his headstone records that he was "An eminent scientist whose work and research did much towards the advancement of geology". Works HUDLESTON, W. H. 1877. Notes on the Chemical Composition of some of the Rocks of the Lizard District. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London 33, pp. 924 – 928. HUDLESTON, W. H. 1882.Silurian Fossils in the North-West Highlands. Nature 25, 582 – 583. https://doi.org/10.1038/025582c0 HUDLESTON, W. H. 1885. The geology of Palestine. Printed London : E. Stanford. HUDLESTON, W. H. (1887–1896). A monograph of the inferior Oolite Gasteropoda. Palaeontographical Society Monographs.514 pp., pls. 1 - 44. HUDLESTON, W. H. & WILSON, E. 1892. A catologue of British Jurassic Gasteropoda comprising the genera and species hitherto described, with references to their geological distribution and to the localities in which they have been found. Published by the authors and Dulau and Co., London. HUDLESTON, W. H. 1900. The war in South Africa, 1899-1900.Printed London : Harrison. HUDLESTON, W. H. 1907. Artesian Wells in Dorset and elsewhere ... From "Proceedings" Dorset Natural History and Antiquarian Field Club, etc. Publisher: "Dorset County Chronicle" Printing Works: Dorchester. HUDLESTON, W. H., LISH, J. J. & MEEK, A. 1910.A history of the Dove family : and their descendants in connection with Cullercoats, Northumberland. Printed by Andrew Reid & Co., Newcastle upon Tyne (for Armstrong College). HUDLESTON, W. H. The Growth of Germany: a study of the causes which have led to the consolidation of the German Empire under the leadership of Prussia. With two illustrations. Publisher: Richard Jackson, Leeds (1913). Fossil eponyms Pectinatites (arkellites) hudlestoni Cope, 1967. [Order: Ammonitida].Kimmeridge Clay Formation (Kimmeridgian), Hudlestoni Zone, Rope Lake Head, Kimmeridge, Dorset, England. Myophorella hudlestoni (Lycett, 1877). [Class: Bivalvia, Order Trigoniida]. Elsworth Rock Formation, (Oxfordian), Elsworth, Cambridgeshire, England. Hudlestonia Buckman, 1889. [Order: Ammonitida - Family: Hildoceratidae]. Hudlestonella Cossmann, 1909 [Class: Gastropoda - Family: Pseudomelaniidae].From the Cretaceous of the Russian Federation. References Attribution External links 1828 births 1909 deaths Fellows of the Royal Society Fellows of the Geological Society of London Wollaston Medal winners Alumni of St John's College, Cambridge

Hilda Clark (doctor)

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<mask> (12 January 1881 – 24 February 1955) was a British physician and humanitarian infrastructure creator worker. In August 1914, she was the instigator of what became a Quaker relief infrastructure across Europe and through Russia, the Friends War Victims Relief Committee, which may have been the infrastructure across Europe that made the Kindertransport possible. That and memories of even the worst Nazis of mothers who told them that after WW1, "Only the Quakers would feed us." <mask> was the bedrock and cornerstone of this infrastructure. Life Summary Her own WW1 relief work was with her life-long friend Edith Pye, a nurse and midwife, together they founded and ran a maternity hospital at Chalons-sur-Marne from 1914-18. By July 1919 <mask> was in Vienna, to witness the devastation and famine setting up a Quaker Help Mission at #16 Singerstrasse, she was joined by Edith Pye and then a Bertha Bracey in 1921. Bertha Bracey was to become extremely significant subsequently in the Kindertransport.By 1923, Vienna was on its feet and both women became engaged in various relief efforts with <mask> criss-crossing Europe and passing through the Quaker Help Mission in Vienna. As the Nazi regime took on momentum and Austria was annexed to the Third Reich in the Anschluss (12 March 1938) <mask> became the Co-ordinator of the German Emergency Committee and returned to Vienna to use her expertise and connections, in generating documentations and placements and qualifications for Jewish people to aid their escape. Early life <mask> was born 12 January 1881 at Green Bank, Street, Somerset and was the youngest child of the Quaker shoe manufacturer William Stephens <mask> and the social reformer Helen Priestman <mask>. The <mask> family of Street were Quakers of shoe-making fame as C. and J. Clark Ltd. Manufacturer of boots, shoes & sheepskin rugs. As a child, she was involved in athletics and gymnastics. She had a Quaker education at Brighthelmston, at Birkdale in Southport, Lancashire, about 1896–7, and The Mount, in York, from about 1897 to 1900, before studying medicine at Birmingham University and the Royal Free Hospital, London where she graduated M.B.and B.S. in 1908. She was the sister of <mask>, the feminist and historian and the niece of <mask>, one the first pioneering women to formally train in medicine in Britain. Her mother and great-aunts helped to found a number of women's rights organizations in the 1860s. She developed expertise in pulmonary care treating her own sister <mask> for TB. During her medical training in Birmingham, she met Edith Pye in 1907-8 where Edith Pye qualified as a nurse and a midwife. This was to become a life-long friendship, which sustained them both.<mask>'s side of the correspondence between them survives, carefully curated by Edith Pye and these letters form the basis of the book "War and its Aftermath" published in 1956. This account is written by a Quaker who has read one side of the original correspondence that survives, the letters from <mask> to Edith Pye, all lovingly preserved and organised and archived in Quaker Archives in London. It is clear that Edith Pye kept the whole of her side of the correspondence, which runs from 1908 when they met to the outbreak of WWII, when they could only return to England. <mask> specialised in the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis. She was instrumental in administering the TB vaccine, tuberculin, developed by Dr W. Camac-Wilkinson. She opened and ran two tuberculin dispensaries, the first at her home town of Street in Somerset, the second, by appointment as Medical Officer of the Portsmouth Municipal Tuberculin Dispensary in 1911. In 1910 she successfully treated her sister, <mask>, a suffragist who was suffering from tuberculosis.<mask> gave a paper on "Tuberculosis Statistics: Some Difficulties in the Presentation of Facts bearing on the Tuberculosis Problem in a Suitable Form for Statistical Purposes", later published in Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine, 1914. <mask> was a vital element of the Relief work based in England ensuring the supplies identified by her sister were organised and sent out. World War 1: Friends War Victims Relief Committee - Establishment of a Relief Infrastructure Across Europe & Into Russia In August 1914, <mask> was the driving force behind creating the Friends War Victims Relief Committee with Edmund Harvey another Quaker from Leeds. <mask> understood even before the guns were in place that i) the war would not "be over by Christmas" and ii) that as never before civilians would be affected and displaced. This initiative turned into a Quaker infrastructure that spread across Europe and across Russia. At the end of the war, <mask> and Edith were both exhausted but by July 1919 <mask> had set out for the humanitarian catastrophe that was unfolding in Vienna. She was allocated accommodation and created the kwakerhilfesmission (Quaker Help Mission) at Singerstrasse #16, which became a hub from which not only relief but also initiatives designed to get people back on their own feet.It was to Singerstrasse #16 she returned as Coordinator of the German Emergency Committee to use her accumulated expertise and contacts in Vienna, to create the documentation required by other countries so that Jewish people could escape. 1914-1918 Maternity Hospital at Chalons-sur-Marne, France For World War 1, the midwifery expertise of Edith Pye was needed and they went together to the maternity hospital at Chalons, close enough to the western front, to hear the boom of the cannons and from time to time to need to evacuate mothers and babes in arms into the cellars. <mask> was a doctor which informed her organisational and logistic abilities in identifying what was needed and working out how to get it there. There is one harrowing account of a 13-year-old girl, casualty not of the enemy but of drunken soldiers who had raped her, who the whole community of the hospital, mothers and medical staff cared for such that by the time the child was born the young woman was able to take it home. There is a letter from <mask> to Edith Pye, taking great delight in the legion d'honneur awarded to Edith Pye, as she commented "for once it has gone to the right person". The legion d'honneur is located in the archive of the Royal College of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, of which Edith Pye was the President from 1929-49. Her nursing and midwifery certificates are also located there.In the 1940s she was awarded an OBE for her services to midwifery. Edith Pye became a Quaker by convincement, whereas <mask> was a "birthright" Friend and of very historic Quaker stock, but this has tended to mean that she has been given the credit for the work of Edith Pye, and distorted the historical memory with a room named for <mask> at Friends House (London) but not one for Edith Pye who was at least as deserving of recognition. <mask> was also a mainstay from England and was an essential part of ensuring the relevant supplies arrived from England. 1919-1923 Vienna - "A Dying City" After World War I, they returned to England exhausted after their work at the maternity hospital in Chalons-sur-Marne but in 1919, a letter arrived from General Smuts in Vienna, telling them of the catastrophic conditions in the imperial capital of a collapsing empire. General Smuts knew the <mask> family through Margaret, an elder sister of <mask> (and Alice) because <mask> has gone to South Africa after the Boer War to organise war relief. General Smuts found himself part of the British occupying forces. It was he who ordered that Allied servicemen should have no greater rations than the Viennese had access to.Vienna became a magnet for all the ethnic "Germans" from all parts of the vast Austrian Empire both bureaucrats and veterans and their families from across the former empire with no homes to return to, in newly independent countries happy to be free of the Austro-Hungarian empire, they all converged on Vienna in a truncated and defeated Austria, prostrate with economic sanctions of the victorious Allies. By the middle of July <mask> was in Paris (with a hat box) working out how to get to Vienna, the only way was via Trieste. By the end of July <mask> wrote to Edith Pye with hand-written letter heading Quaker Help Mission 16 Singerstrasse, District 1 Vienna, in accommodation in the centre of Vienna allocated by the authorities, a building with an extremely ornate frontage. <mask> was to write of the wretchedness of having to eat, while hearing those outside with nothing to eat and described it as worse that the shelling at the western front. The next letter was dated 6 weeks later in September 1919. It was the same address but in German and in the German style and printed and even included a phone number. <mask> reported in 1919 on behalf of the Save the Children Fund about the dire condition of children's health in Austria during that country's famine years and proposed cheap dietary solutions to rectify the deficiencies.She organised a scheme to buy cows from the Netherlands and Switzerland and fodder from Croatia and Czechoslovakia in order to produce much needed milk for children. During a visit to Hungary with Dr Hector Munro and Mr Buxton in August 1919, they sent a telegram to the Under-Secretary of Foreign Affairs in London, seeking urgent medical supplies for the hospitals of Budapest. Quaker feeding programmes in postwar Germany and Austria 1923-1937 Humanitarian Activism During the 1920s <mask> was an active member of a number of various Women's organisations including the League of Nations, the Women's Peace Crusade (of which she was secretary), the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom, the International Commission for the Assistance of Child Refugees as well as Quaker campaigns such as the Friends' Service Council. She was also an early supporter of the British Society for the Study of Sex Psychology, an organisation concerned with gay rights and acceptance. She also became a noted speaker about international affairs on behalf of the League of Nations and other international bodies. <mask> was Chairman of the Anti-Opium Committee of the Women's International League which advocated state control of 'dangerous drugs'. 1938 Anschluss: Return to Vienna - the Vanishing Window before the Outbreak of WW2 As the Nazi regime took on momentum and Austria was annexed to the Third Reich in the Anschluss (12 March 1938) <mask> returned to Vienna, in her role as Honorary Secretary, to use her expertise and connections, in generating documentations and placements and qualifications for Jewish people to aid their escape."Only those most closely concerned can know what the work owed at this stage of rapid expansion to the steady faith and practical experience on <mask>." Sources vary: "According to J Ormorod Greenwood, "between March 1938 and the outbreak of war, the office of the old Baroque palace in Singerstrasse #16 handled 11,000 applications affecting 15,000 people, prepared detailed case papers for 8,000 families and single persons, and got 4,500 individuals away to many countries each of which had its (own) different immigration procedures." "According to meticulous statistics that survive 6,000 cases, representing 13,745 persons, were registered between 15 March 1938 and 28 Aug 1939 and 2,408 of this total were ultimately able to leave. They included 509 women, 1,588 men and 311 dependants, the largest number, 1,264 going to 'England', 165 to the United States, and 107 to Australia (Schmitt HA (1997) Quakers & Nazis Columbia/London: University of Michigan Press p163) suggests the "discrepancies are probably largely due to the fact that Greenwood's figures include the children who travelled to England on the Kindertransport". By the outbreak of World War II <mask> had returned safely to England. Later life and death Her home in London was bombed in 1940 and she moved to Kent, where she was active in the Soldiers, Sailors and Airmens Families Association. She became disabled as a result of Parkinson's disease and returned to Street in 1952, where she died at her home on 24 February 1955 and was buried at the Street Quaker burial ground.Edith Pye continued to live in Street after <mask>'s death and herself died in 1965, she was buried under the same headstone. Publications The Dispensary Treatment of Pulmonary Tuberculosis. London, Bailliere & Co. 1915 Pye, Edith Mary (ed) War and its Aftermath. Letters from <mask> from France, Austria and the Near East 1914-1924. London, Friends Book House, 1956 The Armaments Industry: a study of the report of the Royal Commission on the Manufacture of and Trade in Arms and Munitions of War and of the Evidence published in the Minutes of the Commission during 1936. London, Women’s Peace Crusade 1937 References Bailey, Brenda A Quaker Couple in Germany York: Sessions 1994 <mask>, <mask> 1908-1940 Original Correspondence (Quaker Archives) Holmes, Rose (2015) 1933-39 A moral business: British Quaker work with refugees from fascism. Doctoral thesis (PhD), University of Sussex.Pye, Edith Mary (ed) War and its Aftermath. Letters from <mask> from France, Austria and the Near East 1914-1924. London, Friends Book House, 1956 Spilelhofer Shiela 1919-1942 Stemming the Dark Tide: Quakers in Vienna, William Sessions Limited, 2001 1881 births 1955 deaths People from Street, Somerset Alumni of the University of Birmingham English women medical doctors English humanitarians Women humanitarians English Quakers Tuberculosis researchers British pulmonologists Alumni of the UCL Medical School 20th-century English women writers 20th-century English writers

Cynthia Tse Kimberlin

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<mask> (born <mask>se in Ganado, Arizona, United States; Chinese name: 謝美玲; pinyin: Xiè Měilíng; Cantonese: Tse6 Mei5ling4) is an American ethnomusicologist. She is the executive director and publisher of the Music Research Institute and MRI Press, based in Point Richmond, California. Her primary area of expertise is the music of Africa, in particular Ethiopia and Eritrea. Early life Kimberlin was born on the Navajo Nation, in Ganado, Apache County, Arizona and grew up in the San Francisco Bay Area of Northern California. Traveling to Ethiopia, she was sent to the northern province of Eritrea, where she served as a Peace Corps volunteer from 1962 to 1964. During this time she took it upon herself to conduct ethnomusicological fieldwork, although she had not yet received training in the field. She recorded many types of Eritrean and Ethiopian music (including songs of the Tigray-Tigrinya people), using a borrowed Philips reel-to-reel tape recorder with 3-inch reels.Many of these recordings are now of historical significance, as younger Tigray-Tigrinya people are largely unfamiliar with these songs. Education She earned a B.A. degree in musicology from the University of California, Berkeley in 1962, directly after which she joined the Peace Corps, which had been founded a year earlier. In 1968 she received a master of arts degree in ethnomusicology from the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), writing her thesis on the subject of contemporary Ethiopian popular songs. While there, her instructors included Mantle Hood, Klaus Wachsmann, Charles Seeger, David Morton, Tsun-yuen Lui, Nicolas Slonimsky, and Paul Chihara. In 1972 she returned to Ethiopia for more extensive fieldwork, recording a total of 97 reel-to-reel tapes of music performed by musicians from Shewa, Wollo, Begemder, Gojjam, Tigray, Eritrea, Welega, and Gamu-Gofa, in Addis Ababa, Harar, and Jijiga. While there she also devoted intensive study to the masenqo, a traditional one-stringed bowed instrument.While in Addis Ababa, she spent six months as a Fulbright Professor at Addis Ababa University in the Theater Arts Department, which was at that time under the chairmanship of Tesfaye Gessesse. In 1976, she received her Ph.D. in ethnomusicology from UCLA. For her Ph.D. dissertation, she focused on the theory and practice of qenet (mode) among masenqo players of the Amhara people of Ethiopia, which she recorded in and around Addis Ababa. Works, awards, and current position In 1983 Kimberlin released an LP recording entitled Ethiopia: Three Chordophone Traditions, which included her field recordings of plucked and bowed string instruments of Ethiopia (begena, krar, and masenqo), along with her extensive liner notes. She also wrote the liner notes for The Music of Nigeria: Igbo Music (Bärenreiter Musicaphon, UNESCO Collection, 1983), an LP recording featuring the music of the Igbo ethnic group of Nigeria, where she has also conducted fieldwork. Music from her Three Chordophone Traditions LP was used in the 1999 documentary film Adwa, by Haile Gerima (who was a classmate of Kimberlin's at UCLA). In addition to African musics, Kimberlin's scholarly interests include intercultural music after 1950, American music, African-East Asian reciprocities in music, ethno-biography, global issues relating to music change, and theoretical studies in music.The Music Research Institute, of which Kimberlin serves as executive director, is a 501(c)(3) non-profit educational institution, which was founded in 1984 by Dr. Marcia A. Herndon, who served as executive director from 1984 to 1997). Kimberlin joined the Institute in 1986 and has served as executive director since 1997. Kimberlin has taught at San Francisco State University, the University of California, Berkeley, Addis Ababa University (Ethiopia), and the University of Ife (now Obafemi Awolowo University, Nigeria). Kimberlin has presented papers at numerous music conferences in the United States, Europe, Nigeria, Japan, and China, including many symposia organized by the ethnomusicologist and composer Akin Euba, whose opera Chaka has been released on CD by MRI Press. She is the recipient of a Fulbright Dissertation Award, a Fulbright Teaching/Research Award, an American Council of Learned Societies grant, and a Beyond War Award recipient (for U.S. Peace Corps volunteers, 1987). Kimberlin lives in Point Richmond, California with her husband Jerome. For many years she was affiliated with the Office of the President (Academic Affairs) at the University of California, Berkeley, and she also served as archivist for the Ethnomusicology Archive at UCLA.Selected publications <mask>, <mask>-Ling (1968). "Ethiopian Contemporary Popular Songs." M.A. thesis. Los Angeles: University of California, Los Angeles. Unpublished. <mask>, <mask>-Ling (1976)."Masinqo and the Nature of Qanat." Los Angeles, California: The University of California, Los Angeles. <mask>, <mask>, and <mask> (1984). "The Morphology of the Masinqo: Ethiopia's Bowed Spike Fiddle". In Selected reports in Ethnomusicology 5, pp. 249–61. <mask>, <mask> (1989)."Ornaments and Their Classification as a Determinant of Technical Ability and Musical Style." In African Musicology: Current Trends: A Festschrift Presented to J. H. Kwabena Nketia, ed. Jacqueline Cogdell Djedje and William G. Carter. Atlanta: Crossroads Press. Vol. 1, pp. 265–305.Kimberlin, <mask> (2000). "Women, Music, and 'Chains of the Mind': Eritrea and the Tigray Region of Ethiopia, 1972-93." In Music and Gender, ed. Pirkko Moisala and Beverley Diamond. Foreword by Ellen Koskoff. Urbana, Illinois: University of Illinois Press. "Orchestra Ethiopia 1963-1975: Halim El-Dabh, Catalyst for Music Innovation and Preservation" (2005).In Multiple Interpretations of Dynamics of Creativity and Knowledge in African Music Traditions: A Festschrift in Honor of Akin Euba on the Occasion of His 70th Birthday, ed. Bode Omojola and George Dor. Point Richmond, California: MRI Press. . Discography 1972 - Ethiopia [West Germany]: Barenreiter Musicaphon. LP. Anthology of African Music series; vol. 3: Three Chordophone Traditions. Recorded in 1972 in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia by <mask> Kimberlin.Re-released on CD by Auvidis/UNESCO in 1996. References External links <mask> Kimberlin page at Music Research Institute site <mask> Kimberlin biography from UCLA Ethnomusicology Archive page Music Research Institute, Inc. site American ethnomusicologists Year of birth missing (living people) Peace Corps volunteers American people of Chinese descent Living people People from Ganado, Arizona University of California, Berkeley alumni Addis Ababa University faculty American women musicologists San Francisco State University faculty University of California, Berkeley faculty Obafemi Awolowo University faculty American expatriates in Nigeria American expatriates in Ethiopia American women anthropologists 21st-century American women

William McWaters

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<mask> (ca. 1844–1875) was an American gunfighter from Missouri who once rode with <mask>. Though not as well known today as the likes of the James-Younger Gang, McWaters did belong to that fraternity of dangerous men spawned by the Kansas-Missouri border wars and American Civil War. Early life <mask>s was the second of eight children raised by Missouri native <mask> and his Kentucky-born wife Mary. He lived on farms across Missouri in Platte, St. Charles and Cedar counties over the first sixteen years of his life. In the late1840s McWaters' father, along with John Salmon (a relative of his mother) and a John Dyer, were arrested in St. Charles County for beating up one Alexander Balbridge. The case was later thrown out on grounds that the original court documents failed to list a prosecutor.According to an 1875 newspaper biographical sketch, McWaters, when not yet thirteen, participated in a pro-slavery raid across the Missouri border into Kansas. When the American Civil War broke out some five years later, McWaters joined a group of guerilla fighters, commonly called bushwhackers. On September 3, 1861, his group sabotaged a bridge that led to the derailment of a Hannibal and St. Joseph Railroad train that carried Union soldiers among its passengers. The attack, which became known as the Platte Bridge Railroad Tragedy, killed nearly twenty passengers and crew and injured scores more. Civil War Later McWaters joined a unit of Confederate soldiers led by Jim Gilden, then under the command of General Sterling Price. After six months service he returned to his father's farm only to find that his father and a brother had been killed in the partisan backlash over the railroad derailment, their farm laid to ruin and the rest of his family driven from the county. He then threw his lot in with Confederate guerilla fighters <mask>. Anderson and the brothers John and Fletch Taylor in taking out his revenge against Union soldiers and sympathizers.Over the course of their campaign McWaters' company reportedly killed a Captain Cheeseman and some forty of his men in skirmishes across Missouri. Later they fell in with Quantrill and crossed over into Kansas where McWaters participated in the Lawrence Massacre in which nearly two hundred men and boys were put to death in retaliation for an 1861 Union raid on Osceola, Missouri. Quantrill and Anderson had a falling out after they carried their campaign into Arkansas and McWaters chose to return with Anderson to Missouri to continue their guerilla attacks there. News accounts of the day reported that during this time McWaters barely escaped Union capture on a number of occasions, often with the assistance of a Jennie Mayfield. Post-war In 1867 McWaters became a suspect in the murder of General Joseph Bailey, sheriff of Bates County. When a citizen recognized McWaters as he and a friend sojourned at Humansville, a posse was formed shortly after the two had hastily left town. The chase ended a few hours later at a roadside way station where the pair was ordered to surrender.Just as it appeared he would comply, McWaters jumped on his horse and escaped in a hail of bullets. An 1875 account alleges that at some point after the war's end McWaters returned to Platte City where he opened a saloon. Trouble soon followed though, when McWaters fatally shot a man during a dispute and his friend John Taylor was shot and killed by a policeman. It is unclear whether these shootings were part of the same event. McWaters escaped to St. Joseph, Missouri where it is alleged he shot the policeman in a gun battle that "took" the life of Fletch Taylor. {In fact Charles Fletch Taylor died in 1912!} McWaters then fled to Wyoming where he married Susie Davis, Fletch Taylor's former fiancée on December 31, 1868, in Otoe County, Nebraska.In early February 1873, McWaters and two other men, Woodson and Lacy, had a quarrel with the Wyoming, Nebraska deputy postmaster, a Dr. Wolf (or Wolfe) and later severely assaulted him while he was alone in the post office. The group then rifled through the mail only leaving after failing to find anything of value. A few days later, Granville Hail, a United States Marshall, arrived in town to arrest the trio. The arrest went badly though as Hail was wounded and Dr Wolf killed in the pursuing gun fight. Later McWaters was arrested in St. Louis and brought back to Nebraska where, for some reason, the charges were eventually dropped. In February 1874, McWaters and a man named John Crook were arrested after a shooting in Nebraska City that killed Rudolf Wirz, a store clerk and wounded two others, including the store's owner, Peter Dold. The two were captured in Iowa a few days later and held over for trial.McWaters and Crook later made their escape after wrestling a gun away from a guard during a shift change and with the help of friends fled to the sanctuary of Indian Territory. The pair soon parted company after a quarrel and McWaters decided to head for Hays City, Kansas where he was recognized and once again arrested. At the time, the cell he was placed in was still under construction and when an opportunity arose while standing near his guard and two workers, McWaters managed to lock the cell door on the three and escape on the back of the local postmaster's horse. For a short period McWaters hid among the Niitsítapi People in Nebraska or Wyoming, but this came to an end after he killed a warrior during a dispute over a bottle of whiskey. His journey next brought him to Sparta, Oregon where a relative of his resided and he would shoot in the back George Weed, a former Union soldier, after becoming enraged over a gambling dispute and the brass Union Army buttons the man wore on his coat. Capture During this time detectives hired by Sherriff Farber of Nebraska City had been searching for McWaters and not long after the Weed murder received a tip that he was hiding in Sacramento, California. City Intelligence.Taken Back.— Sheriff Farber, of Nebraska City, left for home on Saturday with <mask>, the murderer, who was arrested here by Chief Karcher and Deputy Sheriff O'Neil about two weeks ago. The prisoner expressed his perfect willingness to go, intimating that he would not attempt to escape, but the Sheriff, in order to see that he did not, pinioned him hand and foot, and fastened both his leg irons to a ringbolt in the floor of the car. McWaters promised Chief Karcher that his brother would come out to Sacramento and kill him (the Chief) before a year elapsed, but Karcher didn't seem to feel much worried over the threat. During his stay in the city prison Waters was confined in "Mortimer's cell." On sundry occasions be complained to the officers that something' annoyed him at night and prevented his sleeping, and on Saturday morning be alleged most positively (having evidently been informed of the Mortimer ghost stone?) that during Friday night something caught hold of his right arm, as he lay on his mattress, and forcing it out upon the floor, sat upon it in such a manner that he could not lift it for a long time. Sacramento Daily Union, Volume 48 - November 1874.In December 1874, McWaters was found guilty of second degree murder for the killing of Rudolf Wirz and the following month was sentenced to twenty-one years hard labor at the Nebraska State Penitentiary in Lincoln. Nebraska State Penitentiary On January 17, 1875, just as he was beginning his long sentence, McWaters instigated a prison uprising that started with the overpowering a guard and the capturing the deputy warden. Through a ruse, with McWaters made up to look like the deputy warden, the convicts were able to gain control of the prison. Their escape was foiled when one of the captured guards managed to untie himself and warn the citizens of Lincoln of what had transpired. Early the next morning a contingent of Company I, 23rd Infantry Regiment (United States) arrived from Omaha and a tense standoff ensued. Eventually McWaters realized there was no hope for escape. The convicts released their hostages, which included the warden's wife, and surrendered.One guard, Jean Grosjean, was wounded in the leg Death <mask> was shot and killed by a prison guard, on May 26, 1875. Some days earlier the prison staff had been put on alert after word leaked to the warden that McWaters was planning another uprising. On that day, guard Hugh Blaney observed McWaters whispering to another inmate before entering a latrine and a few minutes later when he reappeared with a rock in his hand, Blaney took it as a threat and shot him dead. Later, newspapers sympathetic to the Southern cause would charge that McWaters was shot down without provocation. He was survived by his wife and two children. Epitaph From an 1875 print article that appeared in a number American newspapers: The result has been told. He had a dozen scars on his person and bullet holes in his body, and a dozen times escaped from prison; and his rollicking stories would fill a book.He was thoroughly educated in deeds of violence and never talked about anything else with relish but "getting the drop" on someone. He rode like a Comanche and was as cool and wily as Modoc Jack. His clear, steel eye never glowed except in the excitement of an affray. He had a fine figure, and might have been a gentleman – an Aubrey or Kit Carson. External links <mask>, ca. 1865 Cantey Myers Collection Source and Notes 1844 births 1875 deaths American outlaws Bushwhackers Outlaws of the American Old West

Tokischa

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<mask> (born 17 March 1996), known mononymously as <mask>, is a Dominican rapper. After working as a model for photographer Raymi Paulus, she was asked to enter the music industry. She signed a recording contract with Paulus Music and released her debut single "Pícala" to great regional success. Her lyrics and public image have often been catalogued as "controversial" yet "liberating" by international media outlets, sparking controversy and receiving widespread media coverage. Early life <mask> was born into poverty in 1996 and spent most of her childhood and adolescence in the small town of Los Frailes, a neighborhood of Santo Domingo, on the southern coast of the Dominican Republic. Despite initial reports that she had suffered from constant bullying in high school, she denied it and stated that "I did not suffer bullying, I have always been a very rebellious person, I have not been like children who understand that they must respect and silence everything that is told to them, no, I defend myself". <mask> demonstrated her talent and creativity for art and music since age ten.She later studied fine and dramatic arts. At the age of sixteen, she dedicated herself to professional modeling, in addition, she worked in a call center for a year. At age twenty, while <mask> was doing a photoshoot for a magazine in her hometown, she met producer and designer Raymi Paulus, who was fascinated by her voice and talent for music, asking her to record some songs in her studio. She eventually signed a record deal with her label Paulus Music. Career 2018-present: First releases and regional success In 2018 <mask> debuted with the song “Pícala”, with Dominican singer Tivi Gunz. The music video, which reached one million views in the opening week, has scenes that show a psychedelic and hallucinogenic trip caused by the consumption of some substances. In November, she released the song “Que Viva” with Químico Ultra Mega.It was also presented at the Dominican Trap Festival, which takes place annually in different locations around the country. In February 2019, <mask> released the single “Perras Como Tú”, as part of the soundtrack for the Mexican film Miss Bala: Merciless. In September, she released the extended play Freestyle #007, featuring DJ Scuff. She parallelly released the single “Empatillada”, with Jamby El Favo. The following month, she released the single “Twerk” with Eladio Carrión. Its music video reached more than five million views on the YouTube platform in a short time. The following year, <mask> premiered the song “Varón”, one of her most controversial songs.In February, she collaborated on the single "Amor & Dinero" by Jinchoo. In October, she released the song "Desacato Escolar" with Yomel El Meloso and Leo RD, which was partly censored on several platforms for a limited time. The following month, she released the single “Hoy Amanecí”, featuring Tivi Gunz. In December, she published “El Rey de la Popola”, with Dominican singer Rochy RD. The song became a hit on the social network TikTok. In January 2021, <mask> published the single “Yo No Me Voy Acostar”, alongside Yailin La Más Viral and La Perversa. That same month she premiered “Bellaca Putona”, with Químico Ultra Mega, which managed to position itself at the top of the charts in her home country.During the year, she continued to release songs in the urbano umbrella genre and collaborations with regional artist. <mask> made international headlines in the summer of that year after several collaborations with A-list Latin artists like J Balvin and Rosalía. Both music videos were filmed in Santo Domingo. Both <mask> and Rosalía largely teased their song "Linda", which was produced by Leo RD. It was released on September 1. They collaborated again the following year on "La Combi", from the latter's album Motomami. A week before, "Perra", the Balvin collaboration, was released for digital download.<mask>, together with her record label Paulus Music, had previously signed a distribution deal with Equity Distribution, Roc Nation's indie distribution company earlier that season. Artistry <mask> cultivates various musical styles, where trap, hip hop, rap and urbano stand out. However, she has stated in different occasions that there is no genre that identifies her. Her songs have quite personal and "the most honest possible" lyrics. One artist who inspired her early in her career was DJ Scuff. <mask> is also a fan of rock music. She has stated that: "I chose to trap because it is the closest thing ther".is now to rock, which has always been my favorite genre.Trap is modern rock. At that time I was very unleashed, and I expressed myself that way". Controversies In December 2019, <mask> signed up on OnlyFans and started to post sexually-explicit content after having previously been censored on Instagram. The popular opinion on this move of <mask> was negative, with many attacking her for "selling herself online". In 2021, the singer opened up about the controversy to ABC, stating that "I opened my account because I have always liked explicit content, sexuality, sexiness and morbid. That had always caused trouble to me as a child since my family saw me taking hot pictures. Instagram deleted a couple photos of me some years ago so, when OnlyFans became a thing, I saw the opportunity to do it with no censorship nor explanation.I also met a team of professionals who taught me how to make an economic profit out of it. That helped me quite a lot during the pandemic. All investment I did in my music in the last months has come from this platform". In October 2020 she released the track "Desacato Escolar", a collaboration with Yomel El Meloso and Leo RD, on streaming platforms. The track caused controversy for its lyrics referencing prostitution. It even got taken down off YouTube. Nevertheless, it saw a Streisand effect and grew rapidly in numbers.<mask> talked about it to RTVE, stating that: "I think that those people who criticize him do not want to accept life as it is. Dembow and urban music in general are the expression of the neighborhood and the underworld, of what is lived. If the rap tells you about crime and weapons, it is because that exists, not because the artist is inventing it. We cannot ignore those realities. Prostitution is the same, it has always existed, and if they talk about it in songs, it is because it is like that. If that person who criticizes feels very neat, then perhaps it is because he does not want to know about these realities or that all that comes to light, but we sing about what we live, and that is inevitable". Her most notorious and recent controversy came in August 2021, when the rapper posed semi-naked at the sanctuary of the Virgin of Altagracia in La Vega.The town's mayor, released a statement in which he condemned that <mask> "failed to the ethical norms and values that that govern the civilized and exemplary coexistence of our municipality". The rapper later expressed her regrets online and stated that "I didn't do it with the intention of offending, if not more to show that anyone can pray, come from wherever, or whatever it represents". Despite the apology, the La Vega Prosecutor's Office ruled that the performer will not be able to visit the sanctuaries of that province for a year, after Mayor Kelvin Cruz filed a complaint against her. References 1996 births Living people Dominican Republic women rappers Latin music songwriters People from Puerto Plata, Dominican Republic Urbano musicians 21st-century Dominican Republic artists 21st-century rappers 21st-century women musicians OnlyFans creators Women in Latin music

Ted DiBiase Jr.

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{{Infobox professional wrestler | name = <mask>. | image = <mask>e-Jr-T4.jpg | image_size = | alt = | caption = DiBiase in 2011 | birth_name = <mask>.| alma_mater = Mississippi College | birth_date = | birth_place = Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States | resides = | children = 2 | spouse = | family = <mask> (grandfather)Helen Hild (grandmother)<mask> (father)<mask> (half-brother)<mask> (brother) | names = <mask>eTed <mask>. | height = | weight = | billed = Madison, Mississippi | trainer = Chris YoungbloodHarley Race's Wrestling Academy | debut = July 8, 2006 | retired = 2017 }}<mask>. (born November 8, 1982) is an American businessman and former professional wrestler, best known for his time with WWE. Part of the DiBiase wrestling family, he was trained by Chris Youngblood and Harley Race's Wrestling Academy and debuted in 2006. He won the Fusion Pro Tag Team Championship with his brother Mike DiBiase in February 2007, and also toured Japan with Pro Wrestling Noah. He signed a developmental contract with WWE in July 2007, and was assigned to their developmental facility, Florida Championship Wrestling (FCW), where he won the FCW Southern Heavyweight Championship in December 2007. Due to injury, he relinquished the championship in January 2008. He made his WWE television debut on May 26, 2008, and quickly formed a tag team with Cody Rhodes. The duo won the World Tag Team Championship twice before forming The Legacy faction alongside Randy Orton.Following The Legacy's dissolution, DiBiase moved into singles competition and received the Million Dollar Championship from his father <mask>e. DiBiase left WWE in 2013 due to family commitments and other business pursuits. Early life <mask> was born in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, and was raised in Clinton, Mississippi. He knew fellow professional wrestler Christie Ricci as a child, as they attended a Sunday school class together. He graduated from Clinton High School in 2001. At Clinton, DiBiase was the football team's starting quarterback. He enrolled at Mississippi College in Clinton and was a starting wide receiver for Mississippi College's football team before leaving the squad following his freshman season.He also played soccer in college, and received awards in both sports. He graduated in 2005 with a Bachelor of Science and Bachelor of Business Administration. During his time in college, DiBiase considered becoming a minister. Professional wrestling career Early career (2006–2007) DiBiase and his older brother Mike DiBiase, received professional wrestling training from Chris Youngblood in Amarillo, Texas, before going to train at Harley Race's Wrestling Academy. The <mask> brothers made their professional wrestling debut on July 8, 2006 for World League Wrestling (WLW), the promotion run by Harley Race in Eldon, Missouri in conjunction with the Wrestling Academy. On February 17, 2007, they won the Fusion Pro Tag Team Championship by defeating Raheem Rashaad and Juntsi. In early 2007, DiBiase also wrestled on tours in Japan for Pro Wrestling Noah, where he competed against wrestlers including the former GHC Junior Heavyweight Champion, KENTA.World Wrestling Entertainment / WWE Florida Championship Wrestling (2007–2008) In July 2007, DiBiase signed a developmental deal with World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE) and debuted in their training territory Florida Championship Wrestling (FCW). He made his FCW debut on August 4 in a tag team match, in which he and Jake Hager defeated Keith Walker and Heath Miller. In October, DiBiase became a member of the Next Generation Hart Foundation faction alongside Harry Smith, TJ Wilson, Nattie Neidhart, and <mask>. He quickly separated from the group, however, and gained Maryse as a valet. On December 18, 2007, DiBiase defeated TJ Wilson to win the FCW Southern Heavyweight Championship in New Port Richey, Florida. DiBiase, however, was unable to defend it due to an injury sustained, so he awarded the championship to his partner Heath Miller on January 19, 2008. As of March 2008, DiBiase had suffered from a multitude of injuries including sciatica, a fractured left knee, separated ribs, broken finger, and bone spurs in his elbow.Due to these injuries, DiBiase competed sporadically in FCW for the next few months, competing in both tag team and singles competition. The Legacy (2008–2010) DiBiase made his WWE television debut as a villain on May 26, 2008, where he cut a promo about his intent to become a champion like his father, <mask> Sr., challenging the World Tag Team Champions, Cody Rhodes and Hardcore Holly. At the Night of Champions pay-per-view, DiBiase won the World Tag Team Championship in his first match in WWE, after Rhodes betrayed Holly, revealing himself to be DiBiase's partner. After holding the title for just over a month, they dropped it to John Cena and Batista on the August 4 episode of Raw. The following week, DiBiase and Rhodes used their rematch clause to regain the title. DiBiase and Rhodes were soon joined by Manu, forming a stable of multi-generation superstars. On the October 27 episode of Raw, DiBiase and Rhodes lost their title to CM Punk and Kofi Kingston.It was during this time that Randy Orton became linked to Rhodes, DiBiase, and Manu on television, criticizing them in a mentor-type role. On the November 3 episode of Raw, DiBiase was attacked by Orton, after he interfered in Orton's match. This storyline attack was to allow DiBiase to be written out of WWE storylines, so he could film the direct-to-video movie, The Marine 2. On the January 12, 2009, episode of Raw, DiBiase returned to aid Manu and Sim Snuka in attacking Cody Rhodes and Randy Orton. Instead, however, DiBiase turned on them and helped Rhodes and Orton assault Manu and Snuka, thus joining The Legacy faction. As part of The Legacy, DiBiase entered the Royal Rumble match in order to help Orton win, and lasted until the final four, before being eliminated by Triple H. Rhodes and DiBiase became involved in Orton's scripted rivalry with the McMahon family, helping him to attack Shane and Stephanie McMahon, and Stephanie's real-life husband, Triple H. DiBiase was also elevated to main event status as a result of joining The Legacy, competing in handicap and six-man tag team matches, as well as the occasional singles match against Orton's opponents and rivals. On April 26, at the Backlash pay-per-view, DiBiase, Rhodes, and Orton defeated Triple H, Batista, and Shane McMahon in a six-man tag team match, which, per the pre-match stipulation, resulted in Orton winning the WWE Championship.During WWE's tour of Australia in early July, DiBiase suffered an arm injury, but did not miss any time because of it. Throughout mid-2009, DiBiase and Rhodes continued to compete against and attack Orton's rivals, particularly Triple H, preventing him from earning a match for Orton's championship. As a result, Triple H reformed D-Generation X (DX) with Shawn Michaels and they defeated DiBiase and Rhodes at SummerSlam. DiBiase and Rhodes later defeated DX in a submissions count anywhere match at the Breaking Point pay-per-view, before losing to DX in a Hell in a Cell match at the Hell in a Cell pay-per-view in October. Tension between the members of The Legacy began building in 2010, when Orton attacked DiBiase and Rhodes for accidentally costing him a chance to win the WWE Championship at the Royal Rumble pay-per-view. In February 2010, DiBiase defeated Mark Henry in an Elimination Chamber qualifying match, earning a chance to win the WWE Championship. At the Elimination Chamber pay-per-view, he eliminated Orton from the Elimination Chamber match, but was eliminated by Kofi Kingston soon after.On the February 22 episode of Raw, Orton turned on The Legacy, believing they had a plan to turn on him, and in retaliation, they attacked Orton the following week. As a result, the three competed in a triple threat match at WrestleMania XXVI in which Orton defeated Rhodes and DiBiase. Million Dollar Champion (2010–2011) After WrestleMania, DiBiase debuted a new gimmick of an arrogant millionaire, similar to his father's old gimmick. On the April 5 episode of Raw, DiBiase was given possession of the Million Dollar Championship and access to a trust fund by his father. DiBiase then began looking for a "Virgil", a manservant like his father used to have. He offered the position to R-Truth, who refused, provoking a feud between the two. On the May 17 episode of Raw, DiBiase revealed his "Virgil"—the original Virgil who had worked for his father.In his first singles pay-per-view match at Over the Limit, DiBiase was defeated by R-Truth. During the match, DiBiase suffered a concussion, but was able to appear on Raw the following night. On the June 21 episode of Raw, DiBiase fired Virgil in favor of the managerial services of his on-screen girlfriend Maryse. In September 2010, DiBiase entered in a feud with Goldust over the Million Dollar Championship, after Goldust stole the title from him. On the November 15 episode of Raw, Goldust returned the Million Dollar Championship belt to <mask> Sr., who then offered to give it back to his son, but he refused the offer, proclaiming that he was interested in another belt. Later in the night DiBiase attacked WWE United States Champion Daniel Bryan, setting up a match at Survivor Series for the championship, in which he was unsuccessful. DiBiase was a Pro for the fourth season of NXT, in which he and Maryse mentored Brodus Clay.On the January 25, 2011, episode of NXT, Clay traded DiBiase for Alberto Del Rio as his Pro. As part of the 2011 supplemental draft on April 26, DiBiase was moved to the SmackDown brand. In his first match on SmackDown, DiBiase lost to his former tag team partner Cody Rhodes. The following week, DiBiase was accompanied to the ring by Rhodes. On the June 3 episode of SmackDown, DiBiase lost to former rival, Daniel Bryan via submission. After the match, Rhodes and DiBiase attacked Bryan, but were stopped by Sin Cara. On the July 8 episode of SmackDown, DiBiase teamed with Rhodes in a winning effort against the team of Bryan and Ezekiel Jackson.After DiBiase lost a match against Randy Orton on the August 26 episode of SmackDown, Rhodes attacked him, ending their association. The DiBiase Posse (2011–2013) On the September 16 episode of SmackDown, as Rhodes was ridiculing the audience, DiBiase disguised himself as a fan by wearing a paper bag on his head before attacking Rhodes, turning into a fan favorite. DiBiase then challenged Rhodes for the WWE Intercontinental Championship at Night of Champions, but was unsuccessful. In a YouTube video published on September 22, DiBiase introduced his new gimmick to hold tailgating parties with fans just before WWE events, terming those who tailgated with him as the "DiBiase Posse"; DiBiase also acknowledged that mimicking his father's rich gimmick "didn't really work out". In November 2011, Jinder Mahal chastised DiBiase about forsaking his wealthy upbringing to hang out with commoners, starting a feud and leading to DiBiase defeating Mahal on the December 9 episode of SmackDown. Three weeks later, Mahal defeated DiBiase to conclude the feud. In January 2012, Hunico started a feud with DiBiase when Hunico was offended that he was not invited to one of DiBiase's Posse parties.Both traded victories in regular singles matches on SmackDown, with DiBiase wrestling despite a wrist injury. Although <mask> beat Hunico in a flag match, Hunico cheated to win the last match in the series in February. On March 6, DiBiase suffered a broken ankle during television tapings. That same month, DiBiase announced that he was undergoing shoulder surgery. DiBiase returned on September 16 at Night of Champions, participating in the pre-show WWE United States Championship number one contender battle royal, but was eliminated by Tensai. <mask>'s only televised match in 2013 saw him defeat Michael McGillicutty on the May 9 episode of Superstars. On August 26, after suffering from depression and anxiety, DiBiase announced that he was not renewing his WWE contract, which expired on September 1.Independent circuit (2013–2017) DiBiase made his first wrestling appearance since leaving WWE on October 12, 2013, in the opening round of Family Wrestling Entertainment's Grand Prix tournament, defeating Colt Cabana. On October 18, 2013, DiBiase was announced to appear at Tommy Dreamer's House of Hardcore 3. At the event, he participated in a pre-show meet and greet. After that, he did not wrestle again until he had two matches for Mississippi-based promotion Pro Wrestling EGO in 2016 and 2017. Charity and business In May 2012, DiBiase started his own non-profit organization, the Ted DiBiase Foundation. As part of the foundation, individuals with life-threatening illnesses or disabilities were offered the chance to meet DiBiase at WWE live events, and further programs for youth leadership and community causes are being developed. He also participates in programs as a leader for the Heart of David Ministry.When DiBiase left WWE, he took up an executive position with CollegeGarageSale.com, a college textbook e-commerce website. He is now the vice president of business development for One Life. Other media In late 2008, DiBiase began filming the movie The Marine 2, in which he plays the main character, Joe Linwood. The Marine 2 is a direct-to-DVD-and-Blu-ray project, and was released on December 29, 2009. The film was DiBiase's first acting experience, and he spent six weeks in Thailand for filming. For the movie, DiBiase performed all his own stunts, which resulted in him separating the cartilage between two of his ribs during a fight scene. On August 26, 2009, DiBiase appeared on the late-night talk show The Tonight Show with Conan O'Brien along with Cody Rhodes, The Great Khali, and Big Show.He has his own YouTube show, The DiBiase Posse, which focuses on his life outside of the ring. Personal life DiBiase is a third generation professional wrestler. His grandfather "Iron" <mask>, his grandmother Helen Hild and his father "The Million Dollar Man" <mask> are professional wrestlers. His older half brother Mike and his younger full brother Brett are also former professional wrestlers. On March 27, 2010, DiBiase and his brother Brett inducted their father into the WWE Hall of Fame. DiBiase married his high school sweetheart, Kristen, a nurse, on October 30, 2008. DiBiase and his wife have a son, who was born in 2012, and a daughter.On February 15, 2008, DiBiase was arrested for DUI in Hillsborough County, Florida, after his Cadillac sport utility vehicle crashed into another vehicle. No one was seriously injured in the crash, but DiBiase failed a field sobriety test, and when breathalysed, was found to have a blood alcohol level of 0.137–0.138. He was released later that day on a $500.00 (US Dollar) bail bond. Championships and accomplishmentsFlorida Championship WrestlingFCW Southern Heavyweight Championship (1 time)Fusion Pro WrestlingFusion Pro Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Mike DiBiase IIPro Wrestling IllustratedRanked No. 34 of the best 500 singles wrestlers in the PWI 500 in 2010World Wrestling Entertainment''' Million Dollar Championship (1 time) World Tag Team Championship (2 times) – with Cody Rhodes References External links 1982 births American male film actors American male professional wrestlers Living people Million Dollar Champions Mississippi College Choctaws football players People from Clinton, Mississippi Professional wrestlers from Louisiana The Hart Foundation members

Stéphane Grappelli

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<mask> (; 26 January 1908 – 1 December 1997, born <mask>) was a French-Italian jazz violinist. He is best known as a founder of the Quintette du Hot Club de France with guitarist Django Reinhardt in 1934. It was one of the first all-string jazz bands. He has been called "the grandfather of jazz violinists" and continued playing concerts around the world well into his eighties. For the first three decades of his career, he was billed using a gallicised spelling of his last name, Grappelly, reverting to <mask> in 1969. The latter, Italian spelling is now used almost universally when referring to the violinist, including reissues of his early work. Biography Early years <mask> was born at Hôpital Lariboisière in Paris, France, and christened with the name Stefano.His father, Italian marchese <mask>, was born in Alatri, Lazio, while his French mother, Anna Emilie Hanoque, was from St-Omer. Ernesto was a scholar who taught Italian, sold translations, and wrote articles for local journals. <mask>'s mother died when he was five, leaving his father to care for him. Although he was residing in France when World War I began, Ernesto was still an Italian citizen, and was consequently drafted into the Italian Army in 1914. Having written about American dancer Isadora Duncan, who was living in Paris, Ernesto appealed to her to care for his son. Stéphane was enrolled in Duncan's dance school at the age of six, and he learned to love French Impressionist music. With the war encroaching, Duncan as an American citizen fled the country; she turned over her château to be used as a military hospital.Ernesto subsequently entrusted his son to a Catholic orphanage. Grappelli said of this time: I look back at it as an abominable memory ... The Place was supposed to be under the eye of the government, but the government looked elsewhere. We slept on the floor, and often were without food. There were many times when I had to fight for a crust of bread Grappelli compared his early life to a Dickens novel, and said that he once tried to eat flies to ease his hunger. He stayed at the orphanage until his father returned from the war in 1918, settling them in an apartment in Barbès. Having been sickened by his experiences with the Italian military, Ernesto took Stéphane to city hall, pulled two witnesses off the street, and had his son naturalized as a French citizen on 28 July 1919.His first name, "Stefano", was Gallicized to "Stéphane". Grappelli began playing the violin at the age of 12 on a three-quarter-sized violin, which his father purchased by pawning a suit. Although Stéphane received violin lessons, he preferred to learn the instrument on his own: My first lessons were in the streets, watching how other violinists played ...The first violinist that I saw play was at the Barbès métro station, sheltered under the overhead metro tracks. When I asked how one should play, he exploded in laughter. I left, completely humiliated with my violin under my arm. After a brief period of independent learning, Grappelli was enrolled at the Conservatoire de Paris on 31 December 1920, which his father hoped would give him a chance to learn music theory, ear-training, and solfeggio. In 1923, Grappelli graduated with a second-tier medal.Around this time, his father married a woman named Anna Fuchs and moved to Strasbourg. Grappelli remained in Paris because he disliked Fuchs. At the age of 15, Grappelli began busking full-time to support himself. His playing caught the attention of an elderly violinist, who invited him to accompany silent films in the pit orchestra at the Théâtre Gaumont. He played there for six hours daily over a two-year period. During orchestra breaks, he visited Le Boudon, a brasserie, where he would listen to songs from an American proto-jukebox. Here he was introduced to jazz.In 1928, Grappelli was a member of the orchestra at the Ambassador Hotel while bandleader Paul Whiteman and jazz violinist Joe Venuti were performing there. Jazz violinists were rare, and though Venuti played mainly commercial jazz themes and seldom improvised, Grappelli was struck by his bowing when he played "Dinah". As a result, Grappelli began developing a jazz-influenced style of violin music. Grappelli lived with Michel Warlop, a classically trained violinist. Warlop admired Grappelli's jazz-inspired playing, while Grappelli envied Warlop's income. After experimenting with the piano, Grappelli stopped playing the violin, choosing simplicity, a new sound, and paid performances over familiarity. He began playing piano in a big band led by a musician called Grégor.In 1929, after a night of drinking, Grégor learned that <mask> used to play the violin. Grégor borrowed a violin and asked Grappelli to improvise over "Dinah". Delighted by what he heard, Grégor urged Grappelli to return to playing the violin. In 1930, Grégor ran into financial trouble. He was involved in an automobile accident that resulted in several deaths, and fled to South America to avoid arrest. Grégor's band reunited as a jazz ensemble under the leadership of pianist Alain Romans and saxophonist André Ekyan. While playing with this band, <mask> met gypsy jazz guitarist Django Reinhardt in 1931.Looking for a violinist interested in jazz, he invited Grappelli to play with him in his caravan. Although the two played for hours that afternoon, their commitments to their respective bands prevented them from pursuing a career together. In 1934 they met again at Claridge's in London, England, and began a musical partnership. Pierre Nourry, the secretary of the Hot Club de France, invited Reinhardt and Grappelli to form the Quintette du Hot Club de France, with Louis Vola on bass and Joseph Reinhardt and Roger Chaput on guitar. Also located in the Montmartre district was the artistic salon of R-26, at which <mask> and Reinhardt performed regularly. The Quintette du Hot Club de France disbanded in 1939 upon the outbreak of World War II; Grappelli was in London at the time, and stayed there for the duration of the war. In 1940, jazz pianist George Shearing made his debut as a sideman in Grappelli's band.Post-war When the war was over, Reinhardt came to England for a reunion with <mask>. They recorded some titles in London with the "English Quintette" during January and February 1946 for EMI and Decca, using a rhythm section consisting of English guitarists Jack Llewelyn and Alan Hodgkiss together with the Jamaican jazz bassist Coleridge Goode. Grappelli chose to remain in England, while Reinhardt returned to Paris before undertaking an only moderately successful visit to America, where he performed in a new style using an amplified archtop guitar with Duke Ellington's orchestra. On Reinhardt's return, he and Grappelli reunited periodically for concerts on occasions when the latter was visiting Paris; however, the pre-war Quintette was never re-formed. The pair also briefly toured Italy, where they were supported by an Italian rhythm section of piano, bass and drums; the tour was documented, with around 50 tracks recorded for an Italian radio station, about half of which can be heard on the album Djangology (released in 2005). This was to be the last set of recordings featuring the pair, with Reinhardt moving into a more bebop/modern jazz idiom and playing with younger French musicians prior to his early death in 1953, aged only 43. Throughout the 1950s, Grappelli made occasional visits to the recording studio, but the opportunities for a swing violinist of his generation were becoming limited; despite attempts to modernise his style, Grappelli was never particularly interested in the bebop style which was then fashionable in the jazz world.He made a brief filmed appearance in Paul Paviot's 1957 film Django Reinhardt, in which he plays "Minor Swing" alongside Joseph Reinhardt, Henri Crolla and others. In the 1960s, Grappelli made regular appearances on the BBC Light Programme, French Public Radio, and the pirate station Radio Luxembourg. In 1967, he returned to Paris to take up a regular engagement providing music for diners at the "Le Toit de Paris" restaurant in the Paris Hilton Hotel, a position he kept up until 1972, for it provided regular work plus accommodation at the hotel. He played in a standard "lounge jazz" format, accompanied by a pianist and drummer. Grappelli was making a living, but by now had very little impact on the jazz world. In 1971, British chat-show host Michael Parkinson, a longtime jazz fan, came up with the idea of including Grappelli on his show, where he would be joined by the classical violinist Yehudi Menuhin, with the two musicians performing a duet. Although Menuhin had no jazz training and a distinctly classical style of playing, the result went down very well with the British public.The pair went on to record three collaborative albums between 1972 and 1976, with Menuhin playing parts written out by Grappelli while the latter improvised in a classic jazz fashion. During their appearance on Parkinson's show, Menuhin played his prized Stradivari dating from 1714, while Grappelli revealed his instrument was made by Goffredo Cappa in 1695. In 1973, British guitarist Diz Disley had the idea of prising Grappelli away from his "lounge jazz" format with piano players to play once again with the backing of acoustic guitars and double bass, re-creating a version of the "Hot Club" sound, but now with Grappelli as sole leader. Grappelli's reservations about returning to this format were dissipated following a rapturous reception for the "new" (old) format group at that year's Cambridge Folk Festival, after which he favoured the guitar-based trio (with double bass) for a series of increasingly successful concert tours around the globe. These tours would virtually occupy the remainder of Grappelli's life; away from the touring circuit, however, he also favoured numerous other instrumental combinations on record. Other guitarists in the British "Diz Disley Trio" providing his instrumental backing over the years included Denny Wright, Ike Isaacs, the Irish guitarist Louis Stewart, John Etheridge and Martin Taylor, while double bass was often provided by Dutchman Jack Sewing; in his later years, Grappelli also used a Parisian trio which included guitarist Marc Fosset and bassist Patrice Carratini. In April 1973, Grappelli performed with great success during a week at "Jazz Power" in Milan, accompanied by such notable Italian jazz musicians as guitarist Franco Cerri, bassist/arranger Pino Presti and drummer Tullio De Piscopo.Grappelli played on hundreds of recordings, including sessions with Duke Ellington, jazz pianists Oscar Peterson, Michel Petrucciani and Claude Bolling, jazz violinists Svend Asmussen, Jean-Luc Ponty, and Stuff Smith, Indian classical violinist L. Subramaniam, vibraphonist Gary Burton, pop singer Paul Simon, mandolin player David Grisman, classical violinist Yehudi Menuhin, orchestral conductor André Previn, guitar player Bucky Pizzarelli, guitar player Joe Pass, cello player Yo Yo Ma, harmonica and jazz guitar player Toots Thielemans, jazz guitarist Henri Crolla, bassist Jon Burr and fiddler Mark O'Connor. Grappelli recorded a solo for the title track of Pink Floyd's 1975 album Wish You Were Here. This was made almost inaudible in the mix, and so the violinist was not credited, according to Roger Waters, as it would be "a bit of an insult". A remastered version with Grappelli's contribution fully audible can be found on the 2011 editions of Wish You Were Here. Grappelli made a cameo appearance in the 1978 film King of the Gypsies with mandolinist David Grisman. Three years later they performed in concert. In the 1980s he gave several concerts with British cellist Julian Lloyd Webber.In 1997, Grappelli received the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award. He is an inductee of the Down Beat Jazz Hall of Fame. Grappelli continued touring with great success up to the last year of his life; in 1997, although his health was by now poor, he toured the United Kingdom in March and then played concerts in Australia and New Zealand, giving his last public performance in Christchurch, New Zealand, before returning to Paris via Hong Kong. He made his final recording, four tracks with the classical violinist Iwao Furusawa, plus guitarist Marc Fosset and bassist Philippe Viret, in Paris in August 1996 (released as As Time Goes By: <mask> <mask> and Iwao Furusawa). Personal life and legacy In May 1935, Grappelli had a brief affair with Sylvia Caro that resulted in a daughter named Evelyne. Sylvia remained in Paris with her daughter for the duration of World War II. Father and daughter were reunited in 1946 when Evelyne travelled to London from France to stay with Grappelli for about a year.From 1952 to 1980 he shared much of his life with a female friend, Jean Barclay, for whom he felt a deep brotherly affection. Grappelli never married, however, and it is widely accepted that he was gay; in 1981 he met Joseph Oldenhove, who would be his companion until his death. Grappelli died in Paris on 1 December 1997, suffering heart failure after a series of minor cerebral attacks. His funeral, on 5 December, took place at the Église Saint-Vincent-de-Paul, Paris, within sight of the entrance to the Lariboisière Hospital where he had been born 89 years earlier. His body was cremated and his ashes entombed in the city's Père Lachaise Cemetery. He is the subject of the documentary Stephane <mask> - A Life in the Jazz Century. Discography Albums Djangology: Django Reinhardt, the Gypsy Genius (1936 to 1940, released in 2005, Bluebird) <mask> <mask> and Django Reinhardt the Gold Edition (1934 to 1937, copyright 1998) Unique Piano Session Paris 1955 (1955, Jazz Anthology) Improvisations (Paris, 1956) Feeling + Finesse = Jazz (1962, Atlantic) Afternoon in Paris (1971, MPS) Manoir de Mes Reves (1972, Musidisc) Homage to Django (1972, released 1976, Classic Jazz) <mask> <mask> (1973, Pye) Black Lion at Montreux with the Black Lion All-stars (Black Lion), recorded 4 July 1973 Just One of Those Things!(1973, Black Lion) Recorded at the 1973 Montreaux Jazz Festival I Got Rhythm!

Serge Ibaka

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<mask> (; born 18 September 1989) is a Congolese-Spanish professional basketball player for the Milwaukee Bucks of the National Basketball Association (NBA). <mask> was drafted by the Seattle SuperSonics with the 24th overall pick in the 2008 NBA draft. <mask> is a three-time NBA All-Defensive First Team selection and has twice led the league in blocks. Although born in the Republic of the Congo, <mask> plays for the Spain national team. In 2019, he won his first NBA championship as a member of the Toronto Raptors. Early life <mask> was born in Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo, and is one of 18 children. Both his mother and his father were basketball players.His father played in the Republic of the Congo and with the Congolese national team, and his mother played for the Democratic Republic of the Congo. He started playing basketball at a very young age with his first club, Avenir du Rail, using the sport as an escape from his mother's untimely death and his father's imprisonment during the Second Congo War. His father organized for the family to flee the country prior to the war, but ended up as a political prisoner upon their return. After playing for the Avenir du Rail senior team, <mask> later joined rival club Inter Club junior team. <mask> preferred the club because of its better structure, as it provided sneakers and meals. With Inter's senior team, he played in the 2006 FIBA Africa Clubs Champions Cup, the highest competition in Africa. There, he led the competition in rebounds and was named to the competition's All-Star Five.Professional career CB L'Hospitalet (2007–2008) In March 2007, <mask> moved to France at the age of 17 and joined a second-division basketball team before moving to Spain, where he taught himself Spanish. In Spain, he soon began playing with a second-division basketball club CB L'Hospitalet. He averaged 10.8 points and 8.2 rebounds and shot 55%. In 2008, he entered several international showcases, picking up an MVP award at the Reebok Eurocamp and the attention of NBA scouts. An NBA scout at one of the camps said that "athletically he's off the charts—there's no telling how good he can be". Transition to the NBA <mask> was selected by the Seattle SuperSonics with the 24th pick in the 2008 NBA draft. He became the first player from the Republic of Congo to be selected in the draft, although the Oklahoma City Thunder (the re-branded SuperSonics that relocated to Oklahoma City six days after the draft) agreed to keep him in Europe.He then signed a three-year contract with Ricoh Manresa from the ACB League in Spain, keeping the option to leave for the NBA after each season. In the ACB, he averaged 7.1 points, 4.5 rebounds, and 1 block in 16 minutes per game. In July 2009, the Thunder paid the buyout, and signed him to a two-year contract with two more optional seasons. Oklahoma City Thunder (2009–2011) Although coming to the NBA as a raw talent, <mask> had managed to become a starter in the Thunder rotation. He was often used for his energy in the paint, whether on defense or rebounding. In his first NBA season, <mask> played 18.1 minutes per game in 73 games, averaging 6.3 points, 5.4 rebounds and 1.3 blocks per game. His blocks average led all rookies in the 2009–10 season, and he ranked number 20 overall.In the first round of the playoffs against the Los Angeles Lakers, he played in 6 games, averaging 25.5 minutes, 7.8 points, 6.5 rebounds and 2 blocks per game. His 7 blocks in game two in Los Angeles was a record (youngest player to have 7 blocks in playoff game). On 19 February 2011, <mask> participated in the 2011 NBA Slam Dunk Contest. He began the contest with a free-throw line dunk. In the second round, <mask> grabbed a stuffed animal from the rim with his mouth and dunked in one motion. However, he lost out to Blake Griffin in the competition. Real Madrid (2011) During the 2011 NBA lockout, <mask> signed a two-month contract with Real Madrid in Spain alongside Spain national basketball team teammate and friend Rudy Fernández with an option to return to the NBA at the end of the lockout.Over 6 games in the Euroleague, he averaged 5.5 points, 4.7 rebounds and 2 blocks in 15 minutes per game. Return to Oklahoma City (2011–2016) After the lockout, <mask> returned to the NBA from Spain. On 19 February 2012, he recorded his first career triple-double against the Denver Nuggets, scoring 14 points, grabbing 15 rebounds and getting a career-high 11 blocks. He played all 66 games in the shortened season as a starter, averaging the most blocks in the league, 3.6 per game. In voting for the Defensive Player of the Year, he finished second behind Tyson Chandler of the New York Knicks. In Game 4 of the Western Conference Finals against the San Antonio Spurs, <mask> went 11–11 from the field. Oklahoma City went on to win the series in six games and advance to the 2012 NBA Finals.In the Finals <mask> averaged 7 points and 5 rebounds, but the Thunder fell to the Miami Heat in five games. In August 2012, <mask> signed a four-year deal worth $48 million with the Thunder. During the 2012–13 NBA season, <mask> upped his scoring average from 9.1 to 13.2. He also averaged 7.7 rebounds, and a league-leading 3.0 blocks. For his defensive efforts, <mask> finished 3rd in Defensive Player of the Year voting, behind LeBron James and the winner, Marc Gasol. In the playoffs, the Thunder beat the Houston Rockets in 6 games, but fell to the Memphis Grizzlies in five games. <mask> averaged 12.8 points, 8.4 rebounds, and 3 blocks in the postseason but shot only 43.7% from the field, a near 14% drop off from his regular season field goal percentage of 57.3%.In 2013–14, <mask> averaged career highs of 15.1 points and 8.8 rebounds per game, and led the league in total blocks (219) for the fourth straight season. In a series-clinching win over the Los Angeles Clippers in the conference semifinals, <mask> suffered a left calf injury that was expected to sideline him for the remainder of the 2014 playoffs. However, he made his return in Game 3 against San Antonio Spurs in the Conference Finals. The Thunder eventually fell to the Spurs in six games as <mask> averaged 12.2 points, 7.3 rebounds and 2.4 blocks throughout the playoffs. <mask> was also named to the NBA All-Defensive First Team for the third consecutive year. On 19 February 2015, <mask> recorded 21 points and a career-high 22 rebounds in the 104–89 win over the Dallas Mavericks. On 17 March 2015, he was ruled out for four to six weeks after undergoing arthroscopic surgery to address right knee soreness.On 4 January 2016, <mask> scored a season-high 25 points in a loss to the Sacramento Kings. Orlando Magic (2016–2017) On 23 June 2016, <mask> was traded to the Orlando Magic in exchange for Victor Oladipo, Ersan İlyasova and the draft rights to Domantas Sabonis, the 11th pick of the 2016 NBA draft. He made his debut for the Magic in their season opener on 26 October, recording 14 points and seven rebounds in a 108–96 loss to the Miami Heat. On 13 November 2016, he scored a career-high 31 points and hit a game-winning baseline jumper to lead the Magic to a 119–117 win over his former team, the Oklahoma City Thunder. Toronto Raptors (2017–2020) On 14 February 2017, <mask> was traded to the Toronto Raptors in exchange for Terrence Ross and a future first-round draft pick (later used to draft Anžejs Pasečņiks). He made his debut for the Raptors ten days later, scoring 15 points in a 107–97 win over the Boston Celtics. On 21 March 2017, against the Chicago Bulls, <mask> was ejected after an altercation with Bulls' center Robin Lopez.The next day, <mask> received a one-game suspension. On 7 July 2017, <mask> re-signed with the Raptors to a reported three-year, $65 million contract. On 4 November 2018, he made his first 14 shots on the way to a career-high 34 points in a 121–107 win over the Los Angeles Lakers. He finished the game 15 of 17 from the field and became the first player to start a game 14 of 14 from the field since Shaquille O'Neal did it in February 2006. On 3 February 2019, <mask> had 16 points and 12 rebounds in a 121–103 win over the Los Angeles Clippers, marking a career-best sixth straight double-double, Toronto's longest streak since Chris Bosh had eight in November 2009. On 12 March, <mask> was suspended for three games without pay due to an altercation with Marquese Chriss during a game against the Cleveland Cavaliers. In June 2019, <mask> helped the Raptors defeat the Golden State Warriors in six games during the NBA Finals to win his first NBA championship.On 5 February 2020, <mask> hit a game winning three pointer to lead the Raptors to a 119-118 win over the Indiana Pacers, extending the Raptors' win streak to 12, a franchise record. Los Angeles Clippers (2020–2022) On 25 November 2020, <mask> signed with the Los Angeles Clippers. <mask> was reunited with former Raptors teammate Kawhi Leonard, both of whom were part of the 2018-19 championship squad. In his first game with the Clippers, <mask> had 15 points and 6 rebounds in a Clippers 116–109 win over the Lakers. Milwaukee Bucks (2022–present) On 10 February 2022, <mask> was traded to the Milwaukee Bucks as part of a four-team trade. National team career At youth level, <mask> represented the Republic of the Congo. At the 2006 FIBA Africa Under-18 Championship in Durban, he led all players in scoring and rebounds with an average of 18.6 points and 13.8 rebounds respectively.Years later, <mask> expressed a desire to play for the Spain national basketball team. After living in the country for four years, he was granted Spanish citizenship on 15 July 2011. His team won the gold medal in the Eurobasket 2011, beating France in the final by a score of 98–85. He won a silver medal with Spain at the 2012 Summer Olympics. Personal life <mask> speaks four languages: Lingala, French, English and Spanish. <mask> is an avid chef. On his popular YouTube series “How Hungry Are You” <mask>, who refers to himself as Mafuzzy Chef, has served numerous delicacies to his teammates, including beef penis to Kawhi Leonard and lamb brain to the Raptors bench players.<mask> is known for his sophisticated fashion. In 2019, he was named to Vanity Fair's Best Dressed List. <mask> refers to his sartorial efforts as “Art”. <mask> has a daughter, Ranie, who was born when he was still a teenager, shortly after he left the Republic of the Congo. Ranie was raised by her mother and Ibaka's father; father and daughter did not know of each other until Ranie was 3 years old, and they met for the first time when she was 5 years old. <mask>'s younger brother, Igor, is a former NCAA basketball player for the Oklahoma State Cowboys. On 3 April 2017, <mask> was announced as the newest member elected to the board of directors of the NBPA Foundation.The NBPA Foundation is the charitable arm of the National Basketball Players Association, the union for current professional basketball players in the NBA. The Foundation provides strategic funding and support for players' community engagement initiatives worldwide. Ibaka is related to Romanian actor and TV host Cabral Ibacka. Relationships <mask> has been in relationships with Angela Simmons (2017 - 2018), Keri Hilson (2012 - 2016) and Hedisa Visapa (2011).

Gerry Collins (politician)

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<mask> (born 16 October 1938) is a former Irish Fianna Fáil politician who served as Minister for Foreign Affairs from March 1982 to December 1982 and 1989 to 1992, Minister for Justice from 1977 to 1981 and 1987 to 1989, Minister for Posts and Telegraphs from 1970 to 1973, Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister for Industry and Commerce and Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister for the Gaeltacht from 1969 to 1970. He was a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) for the Munster constituency from 1994 to 2004. He served as a Teachta Dála (TD) for the Limerick West constituency from 1967 to 1997. Early life <mask> was born in Abbeyfeale, County Limerick, in 1938. The son of <mask>, his father was a former adjutant of the West Limerick Brigade of the Irish Republican Army during the Irish War of Independence. He took the republican side during the subsequent Civil War. He was elected to Dáil Éireann at the 1948 general election as a Fianna Fáil candidate.<mask> was educated locally at St. Ita's College before later attending the Patrician College, Ballyfin. Following the completion of his secondary schooling, he attended University College Dublin, where he became secretary of the Kevin Barry Cumann of Fianna Fáil. He unsuccessfully ran for Student Union president but was defeated by Brendan Ó Cathaoir. <mask> subsequently worked as a vocational school teacher. Political career <mask> first became involved in politics in 1965, when he was appointed assistant general-secretary of Fianna Fáil. Following the death of his father in 1967, he was elected to Dáil Éireann for Limerick West in the subsequent by-election. He was also co-opted onto Limerick County Council and various other local committees.Following Fianna Fáil's re-election at the 1969 general election, <mask> secured promotion as a Parliamentary Secretary to George Colley, the Minister for Industry and Commerce and the Gaeltacht. Here he largely had responsibility for the promotion of Gaeltacht affairs and the Irish language. Minister for Posts and Telegraphs (1970–1973) In the wake of the Arms Crisis in 1970, a major reshuffle of the cabinet took place. Four ministers, Charles Haughey, Neil Blaney, Kevin Boland and Mícheál Ó Móráin, were either sacked, resigned or retired from the government, due to the scandal that was about to take place. <mask> was appointed Minister for Posts and Telegraphs. It was a tough time for Fianna Fáil, as the party nearly faced a split due disagreements over its Northern Ireland policy. <mask>, in spite of coming from a strong republican background, remained loyal to Taoiseach Jack Lynch in his moderate approach to the Northern Ireland situation.During his tenure as a Minister, <mask> introduced a controversial law which prohibited organisations committed to violence, such as the IRA, from making media broadcasts. On 19 November 1972, an interview with Seán Mac Stíofáin was broadcast on the RTÉ This Week radio programme. Mac Stíofáin was arrested on the same day and the interview was later used as evidence against him on a trial of IRA membership, and on 25 November, he was sentenced to six months imprisonment by the Special Criminal Court in Dublin. Political fallout arising from the interview was considerable and some days later, <mask> sacked the entire RTÉ Authority as he felt that they disobeyed the controversial new law. In 1973, Fianna Fáil were ousted after sixteen years in government, as the National Coalition of Fine Gael and the Labour Party took office. <mask> was retained on Jack Lynch's new front bench as Spokesperson for Agriculture. After two years in that position he was promoted to Spokesperson for Justice in a front bench reshuffle in 1975.In this capacity he was highly critical of the government's management of the Garda Síochána. Minister for Justice (1977–1981) In defiance of the opinion polls and political commentators Fianna Fáil swept to power with a huge 20-seat Dáil majority following the 1977 general election. <mask>, at thirty-eight years of age, was one of the youngest members of Jack Lynch's new cabinet and was appointed Minister for Justice. In spite of the sensitive nature of the portfolio, he was viewed as a safe pair of hands. He had a good working relationship with the Garda Síochána, primarily due to his establishment of the Ryan tribunal, which saw all ranks receive huge pay increases in his first year in office. In December 1979, Jack Lynch resigned as Taoiseach and as Fianna Fáil leader. The succession resulted in a straight contest between Charles Haughey and George Colley.The latter had the backing of the majority of the existing cabinet, including <mask>, however, a backbench revolt saw Haughey become Taoiseach. <mask>, much to his disappointment, was retained in his existing position as Minister for Justice, holding office until Fianna Fáil lost power following the 1981 general election. Minister for Foreign Affairs (1982) The Fine Gael-Labour government was short-lived and Fianna Fáil returned to power, following the February 1982 general election. <mask> was rewarded by being named Minister for Foreign Affairs, in Haughey's second cabinet. One of the major incidents of his tenure at Iveagh House was the outbreak of the Falklands War. Although Anglo-Irish relations were at an all-time low, <mask> opposed the act of aggression by the Argentinian government at United Nations and EEC levels. The Fianna Fáil government fell in October of that same year and <mask>'s party were out of power following the November 1982 general election.A period of instability followed within Fianna Fáil as a number of TDs attempted to oust Charles Haughey as party leader. Desmond O'Malley was seen as the clear front-runner to succeed Haughey, however, <mask>'s name was also mentioned alongside former European Commissioner Michael O'Kennedy. In the end, Haughey survived as party leader, after being told at a meeting of the parliamentary party by <mask> that Fianna Fáil had lost credibility due to his continued leadership. In spite of this he was subsequently appointed front bench spokesperson on Foreign Affairs on the new front bench. Minister for Justice/Foreign Affairs (1987–1992) The results of the 1987 general election saw Fianna Fáil return to power as a minority government. <mask> was disappointed to return to his old position as Minister for Justice, preferring instead to take over as Foreign Minister, however, he was once again regarded as a safe pair of hands in a controversial portfolio. Fianna Fáil retained power following the 1989 general election, albeit with the support of the Progressive Democrats in a coalition government.<mask> returned to the cabinet in his preferred position as Minister for Foreign Affairs. January 1990, saw him take over as President of the European Community Council of Ministers during Ireland's six-month tenure. This was largely seen as a very successful presidency for the Irish government and was a personal triumph for <mask>. In 1991, tensions began to surface within Fianna Fáil regarding the continued leadership of Charles Haughey. Minister for Finance Albert Reynolds was the main challenger, however, he had little support from his cabinet colleagues. In an infamous interview on the Six One News <mask> made a plea to Reynolds asking him not to challenge Haughey for the leadership of the Fianna Fáil party: "This is going to wreck our party right down the centre and it's going to burst up government". The incident was much parodied, particularly by Dermot Morgan later that year.Reynolds's leadership challenge failed on that occasion and Haughey survived. In February 1992, Haughey stepped down as Taoiseach and Fianna Fáil leader and Reynolds immediately threw his hat in the ring in the leadership contest. <mask> contemplated running in the leadership race after a number of approaches from his colleagues, however, in the end he declined to stand. Reynolds won the subsequent leadership election by a large majority. The formation of his new cabinet caused widespread shock as <mask> and seven of his cabinet colleagues were effectively sacked in favour of supporters of the new Taoiseach. This effectively brought <mask>'s domestic career in politics to an end. Member of the European Parliament (1994–2004) In 1994, <mask> was elected as an MEP for the Munster constituency.He retired from domestic politics at the 1997 general election, being replaced by his brother, Michael J<mask>. <mask> was re-elected to the European Parliament in 1999, but lost his bid for another term at the 2004 European Parliament elections. Subsequent to this defeat, he announced his retirement from politics. References External links 1938 births Living people Ministers for Foreign Affairs (Ireland) Fianna Fáil TDs Members of the 18th Dáil Members of the 19th Dáil Members of the 20th Dáil Members of the 21st Dáil Members of the 22nd Dáil Members of the 23rd Dáil Members of the 24th Dáil Members of the 25th Dáil Members of the 26th Dáil Members of the 27th Dáil Politicians from County Limerick MEPs for the Republic of Ireland 1999–2004 MEPs for the Republic of Ireland 1994–1999 Fianna Fáil MEPs Ministers for Justice (Ireland) Irish schoolteachers Parliamentary Secretaries of the 19th Dáil

Deborah Chung

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<mask> (professionally known as D.D.L<mask>, ; born 1952) is an American scientist and university professor. Early life and education <mask> was born and raised in Hong Kong. Her mother was <mask> (United States World War II veteran with the Flying Tigers and the United States Army in China), whose mother was Lee Sun Chau (one of the first female doctors of Western Medicine in China). <mask> studied at Ying Wa Girls' School and King's College (Hong Kong). She moved to the United States in 1970 and received a B.S. degree in Engineering and Applied Science and an M.S.degree in Engineering Science from California Institute of Technology (Caltech) in 1973. At Caltech, she conducted research under the supervision of Pol Duwez. She, Sharon R. Long, Flora Wu and Stephanie Charles are the four first women to receive B.S. degrees from Caltech. <mask> received a Ph.D. degree in Materials Science from Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1977. Her thesis, which was on graphite intercalation compounds, was supervised by Mildred S. Dresselhaus. Career and awards In 1977, <mask> joined the faculty of Carnegie Mellon University, where she taught materials science and electrical engineering.In 1986, she joined the faculty of University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, where she directs the Composite Materials Research Laboratory and was named Niagara Mohawk Power Corporation Endowed Chair Professor in 1991. In 1991, she became Fellow of the American Carbon Society. In 1998, she became Fellow of ASM International (society). She received the Chancellor's Award for Excellence in Scholarship and Creative Activities from State University of New York in 2003 and was named Outstanding Inventor by State University of New York in 2002. In 1993, she was honored as "Teacher of the Year" by Tau Beta Pi (New York Nu). <mask> was the first American woman and the first person of Chinese descent to receive the Charles E. Pettinos Award, in 2004; the award was in recognition of her work on functional carbons for thermal, electromagnetic and sensor applications. In 2005, she received the Hsun Lee Lecture Award from Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences.In 2011, she received an Honorary Doctorate Degree from University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain. In addition, <mask> received the Robert Lansing Hardy Gold Medal from American Institute of Mining, Metallurgical, and Petroleum Engineers (AIME) in 1980. Scientific work Scope The main theme of <mask> research is composite materials, with emphasis on multifunctional structural materials, materials for thermal management and electronic packaging, materials for electromagnetic interference shielding, structural materials for vibration damping, and structural materials for thermoelectricity. <mask> invented "smart concrete" (concrete that can sense its own condition), nickel nanofiber (also known as nickel filament, for electromagnetic interference shielding) and conformable thermal paste (for improving thermal contacts, with applications in microelectronic cooling). <mask> is highly productive in scientific research, with research funding provided mainly by the Federal government of the United States. Scientific impact A. Pioneer and international leader in the field of multifunctional structural materials (without device incorporation), with the following specific contributions.1. Invention of smart (self-sensing) concrete and associated development of piezoresistivity-based strain sensing in cement-based and carbon fiber composites. 2. Discovery of the function of the interlaminar interface in carbon fiber polymer-matrix composites as a sensor, thus enabling unprecedentedly high sensitivity to changes at this damage-prone interface. 3. Development of the self-sensing in carbon fiber polymer-matrix composite beams under flexure by surface resistance measurement, with the strain at the tensile and compressive surfaces separately and sensitively determined, and with the piezoresisitivity mechanism elucidated. 4.Development of capacitance-based self-sensing, with applications including 3D-printing monitoring (with unprecedented ability of sensing interlayer defects in the build). 5. First report of structural capacitors (i.e., capacitors in the form of structural materials). 6. Pioneering the emerging field of conductive dielectric materials, first determination of the electric permittivity of carbons and metals, and discovery of the application in electret-based self-powering (with self-charging capability), with the discovery allowing structures to be energy sources (a new untapped source of energy), and with elucidation of the dielectric behavior in terms of the carrier-atom interaction (carrier meaning the mobile charges). 7. Discovery of interface-derived viscoelasticity and the consequent development of structural materials that are effective for vibration damping.B. Pioneer and international leader in the field of thermal interface materials for microelectronic cooling, with the following specific contributions. 1. Changing the paradigm of the design of thermal interface materials from thermal-conductivity-based design to conformability-based design, thereby resulting in the development of superior but low-cost thermal interface materials that excel due to conformability. 2. Development of highly effective thermal pastes with conformable solid components. C. Pioneer and international leader in the field of materials for electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding, with the following specific contributions.1. Changing the paradigm of the design of EMI shielding materials from electrical-conductivity-based design to interface-area-based design, thereby resulting in the development of a highly effective EMI shielding material in the form of nickel-coated carbon nanofiber (originally known as nickel filament). 2. Discovery of absorption-dominated EMI shielding in metals, the shielding of which has long been assumed to be dominated by reflection. 3. Discovery of unusually high EMI shielding effectiveness in exfoliated-graphite-based flexible graphite sheets, which are valuable for EMI gasketing. 4.Development of radio-wave reflective concrete and its application in automobile lateral guidance. Books <mask> is the author of "Carbon Materials", World Scientific, 2018,Carbon Composites, 2nd Edition, Elsevier, 2016, Functional Materials, World Scientific, 2nd Ed., 2021 and Composite Materials: Science and Applications, 2nd Edition, Springer, 2010. She is the Editor of two book series, The Road to Scientific Success and Engineering Materials for Technological Needs. Professional leadership According to the 2020 Stanford University publication-based ranking of all the researchers in the world (living and dead) for all fields (not just science), <mask> is ranked No. 14 among 177,931 researchers in the world in the field of Materials. (If only women are counted, <mask> is ranked No. 1 in the world in this field.If only researchers of Chinese descent are counted, <mask> is ranked No. 1 in the world in this field.) According to the 2021 Stanford University ranking of all the researchers in the world in the field of building and construction, <mask> is ranked No. 1. Among the researchers in University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, for all fields combined, <mask> is ranked No. 1. <mask> is among 100 scientists featured in the book Successful Women Ceramic and Glass Scientists and Engineers: 100 Inspirational Profiles.She has been interviewed by the news media concerning various scientific topics including conductive concrete for melting snow, smart concrete, and batteries. <mask> is Associate Editor of the Journal of Electronic Materials, and is a member of the Editorial Board of the Carbon journal, a member of the Editorial Board of the New Carbon Materials journal, and an Editor of Carbon Letters. She is also a member of the Editorial Board of "Materials Chemistry and Physics" journal, "Functional Composite Materials" journal, and "Polymer and Polymer Composites" journal. She also served as the Chair of the 21st Biennial Conference on Carbon held in Buffalo, New York, in 1993. Moreover, she was a member of the Advisory Committee of the American Carbon Society. In addition, <mask> serves as a reviewer for a large number of scientific research journals. Recent work at the National Academies includes serving as a member of the Panel on Review of In-house Laboratory Independent Research in Materials Sciences at the Army’s Research, Development, and Engineering Centers in 2018-19.Patents <mask> is the inventor in numerous issued patents related to cement, carbon, ceramics and composites. Recent patents include the following. D.D.L. <mask>, "Cement-based material systems and method for self-sensing and weighing”, U.S. Patent 10,620,062 B2. D.D.L. <mask>, "Systems and method for monitoring three-dimensional printing", U.S. Patent 10449721. D.D.L.<mask>, "Thixotropic liquid-metal-based fluid and its use in making metal-based structures with or without a mold", U.S. Patent 9993996 B2; China Patent CN 105458254A; Hong Kong patent pending D.D.L. <mask> and Xiaoqing Gao, "Microstructured high-temperature hybrid material, its composite material and method of making", U.S. Patent 9409823. D.D.L<mask> and Sivaraja Muthusamy, "Cement-Graphite Composite Materials for Vibration Damping", U.S. Patent 8,211,227 (2012). D.D.L<mask>, "Electrically conductive electret and associated electret-based power source and self-powered structure”, U.S. Patent 11081285 (Aug. 3, 2021). Research journal publications <mask>'s scientific publications have been highly cited.Google Scholar: h-index = 103, 39437 citations, annual citations reaching 3053. Web of Science: h-index = 75, 22395 citations, annual citations reaching 2000. <mask>'s scientific journal publications since 2016 are listed below. Teaching <mask> is a dedicated teacher of materials science both in the classroom and in the research laboratory. Her courses include Principles of Material Design, Experimental Methods in Materials Science and Engineering and Smart Materials. Most of her research has involved graduate students, but she also supervises undergraduate research. Graduate students involved in authoring the above recent publications are Po-Hsiu Chen, Andi Wang, Yoshihiro Takizawa, Xinghua Hong, Asma A. Eddib, Min Wang, Ailipati Delixiati, Alexander S. Haddad, Xiang Xi and Wenyi Yang.Undergraduate students involved in authoring the above recent publications are Patatri Chakraborty, Sanjaya Somaratna, Miguel Ramirez and Chi Xu. In addition, <mask> shares her life experience with students. Historical work <mask> is a co-author of the book Piloted to Serve, an autobiography of her mother, Rebecca Chan <mask> (1920-2011), a nurse with the Flying Tigers, United States Army and China National Aviation Corporation during World War II. <mask>'s historical work pertains to modern Chinese history, as centered around her mother Rebecca Chan <mask> and grandmother Lee Sun Chau (1890-1979). Chau was one of the earliest Chinese female doctors of Western Medicine in China. Speaking <mask> speaks broadly on topics related to science and history. The venues include conferences, universities, and community events.Recent keynote/plenary lecture engagements include the 2017 International Carbon Conference held in Sydney, Australia. and the 2021 Turkish 3rd National Carbon Conference. References External links Dr. <mask>'s Research Laboratory Web Site 1952 births California Institute of Technology alumni Carnegie Mellon University faculty Alumni of King's College, Hong Kong Hong Kong emigrants to the United States Living people MIT School of Engineering alumni American materials scientists Carbon scientists People from East Amherst, New York Scientists from New York (state) University at Buffalo faculty

Faiz Ahmad Faiz

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<mask> (13 February 1911 – 20 November 1984) was a Pakistani poet, and author in Urdu and Punjabi language. He was one of the most celebrated writers of the Urdu language in Pakistan. Outside literature, he has been described as "a man of wide experience" having been a teacher, an army officer, a journalist, a trade unionist and a broadcaster. <mask> was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature and won the Lenin Peace Prize. Born in Punjab, British India, <mask> went on to study at Government College and Oriental College. He went on to serve in the British Indian Army. After Pakistan's independence, <mask> became the editor to The Pakistan Times and a leading member of the Communist Party before being arrested in 1951 as an alleged part of conspiracy to overthrow the Liaquat administration and replace it with a left-wing government.<mask> was released after four years in prison and went on to become a notable member of the Progressive Writers' Movement and eventually an aide to the Bhutto administration, before being self-exiled to Beirut. <mask> was an avowed Marxist, and he received the Lenin Peace Prize by the Soviet Union in 1962. His work remains influential in Pakistan literature and arts. <mask>'s literary work was posthumously publicly honoured when the Pakistan Government conferred upon him the nation's highest civil award, Nishan-e-Imtiaz, in 1990. Personal life Early life <mask> <mask> was born into a Jatt family on 13 February 1911, in Kala Qader (present-day Faiz Nagar), District Narowal, Punjab, British India. <mask> hailed from an academic family that was well known in literary circles. His home was often the scene of a gathering of local poets and writers who met to promote the literacy movement in his native province.His father Sultan Muhammad Khan was a barrister who worked for the British Government, and an autodidact who wrote and published the biography of Amir Abdur Rahman, an Emir of Imperial Afghanistan. Education Following the Muslim South Asian tradition, his family directed him to study Islamic studies at the local Mosque to be oriented to the basics of religious studies by Maulana Hafiz Muhammad Ibrahim Mir Sialkoti, an Ahl-i Hadith scholar. According to Muslim tradition, he learned Arabic, Persian, Urdu language and the Quran. <mask> was also a Pakistan nationalist, and often said, "Purify your hearts, so you can save the country...". His father later took him out of Islamic school because <mask>, who went to a Madrassa for a few days found that the impoverished children there, were not comfortable having him around and ridiculed him, as much as he tried to make them feel at ease. <mask> came to the Madrassa in neat clothes, in a horse-drawn carriage, while the students of the school were from a very poor backgrounds and used to sit on the floor on straw mats In 'Faiznama', his close friend Dr. Ayub Mirza recalls that Faiz came home and told his father he was not going to attend the Madrassa anymore. His father then admitted him to the Scotch Mission School, which was managed and run by a local British family.After matriculation, he joined the Murray College at Sialkot for intermediate study. In 1926, <mask> enrolled in Department of Languages and Fine Arts of the Government College, Lahore. While there, he was greatly influenced by Shams-ul-Ulema, Professor Mir Hassan who taught [Arabic] and Professor Pitras Bukhari . Professor Hasan had also taught the renowned philosopher, poet, and politician of South Asia, Dr. Muhammad Iqbal. In 1926, Faiz attained his BA with Honors in Arabic language, under the supervision of Professor Mir Hassan. In 1930, Faiz joined the post-graduate program of the GC, obtaining MA in English literature in 1932. The same year, <mask> passed his post-graduate exam in the 1st Division from Punjab University's Oriental College, where he obtained a master's degree in Arabic in 1932.It was during his college years that he met M. N. Roy and Muzaffar Ahmed who influenced him to become a member of the Communist Party. Marriage In 1941, <mask> became affectionate with Alys <mask>, a British national and a member of Communist Party of the United Kingdom, who was a student at the Government College University where <mask> taught poetry. The marriage ceremony took place in Srinagar while nikah ceremony was performed in Pari Mahal. He and his spouse stayed in the building what is now called Government College for Women, M.A. Road. Faiz’s host, M D Taseer, who was posted as a college principal at that time, was later married to Alys's sister Christobel. Faiz's nikkah ceremony was attended by Bakshi Ghulam Mohammad, Ghulam Mohammed Sadiq, and Sheikh Abdullah along with others.While Alys opted for Pakistan citizenship, she was a vital member of Communist Party of Pakistan, played a significant role in Rawalpindi Conspiracy Case when she brought together the communist mass. Together, the couple gave birth to two daughters Salima and Moneeza Hashmi. Career Academia and literacy In 1935 <mask> joined the faculty of Muhammadan Anglo-Oriental College at Amritsar, serving as a lecturer in English and British literature. Later in 1937, <mask> moved to Lahore to reunite with his family after accepting the professorship at the Hailey College of Commerce, initially teaching introductory courses on economics and commerce. In 1936, <mask> joined a literary movement, (PWM) and was appointed its first secretary by his fellow Marxist Sajjad Zaheer. In East and West-Pakistan, the movement gained considerable support in civil society. In 1938, he became editor-in-chief of the monthly Urdu magazine "Adab-e-Latif (lit.Belles Letters) until 1946. In 1941, <mask> published his first literary book "Naqsh-e-Faryadi" (lit. Imprints) and joined the Pakistan Arts Council (PAC) in 1947. <mask> was a good friend of Soviet poet Yevgeny Yevtushenko who once said "In <mask>'s autobiography... is his poetry, the rest is just a footnote". During his lifetime, <mask> published eight books and received accolades for his works. <mask> was a humanist, a lyrical poet, whose popularity reached neighbouring India and Soviet Union. Indian biographer Amaresh Datta, compared Faiz as "equal esteem in both East and West".Throughout his life, his revolutionary poetry addressed the tyranny of military dictatorships, tyranny, and oppressions, <mask> himself never compromised on his principles despite being threatened by the right-wing parties in Pakistan. <mask>'s writings are comparatively new verse form in Urdu poetry based on Western models. <mask> was influenced by the works of Allama Iqbal and Mirza Ghalib, assimilating the modern Urdu with the classical. Faiz used more and more demands for the development of socialism in the country, finding socialism the only solution of country's problems. During his life, <mask> was concerned with more broader socialists ideas, using Urdu poetry for the cause and expansion of socialism in the country. The Urdu poetry and Ghazals influenced <mask> to continue his political themes as non-violent and peaceful, opposing the far right politics in Pakistan. Military service On 11 May 1942, <mask> was commissioned in the British Indian Army as a second lieutenant in the 18th Royal Garhwal Rifles.Initially assigned as a public relations officer in the General Staff Branch, <mask> received rapid promotions in succession to acting captain on 18 July 1942, war-substantive lieutenant and temporary captain on 1 November 1942, acting major on 19 November 1943 and to temporary major and war-substantive captain on 19 February 1944. On 30 December 1944, he received a desk assignment as an assistant director of public relations on the staff of the North-Western Army, with the local rank of lieutenant-colonel. For his service, he was appointed a Member of the Order of the British Empire, Military Division (MBE) in the 1945 New Year Honours list. <mask> served with a unit led by Akbar Khan, a left-wing officer and future Pakistan Army general. He remained in the army for a short period after the war, receiving promotion to acting lieutenant-colonel in 1945 and to war-substantive major and temporary lieutenant-colonel on 19 February 1946. In 1947, <mask> opted for the newly established State of Pakistan. However, after witnessing the 1947 Kashmir war with India, <mask> decided to leave the army and submitted his resignation in 1947.Internationalism and communism <mask> believed in Internationalism and emphasised the philosophy on Global village. In 1947, he became editor of the Pakistan Times and in 1948, <mask> became vice-president of the Pakistan Trade Union Federation (PTUF). In 1950, <mask> joined the delegation of Prime minister Liaquat Ali Khan, initially leading a business delegation in the United States, attending the meeting at the International Labour Organization (ILO) at San Francisco. During 1948–50, <mask> led the PTUF's delegation in Geneva, and became an active member of World Peace Council (WPC). <mask> was a well-known communist in the country and had been long associated with the Communist Party of Pakistan, which he founded in 1947 along with Marxist Sajjad Zaheer and Jalaludin Abdur Rahim. <mask> had his first exposure to socialism and communism before the independence of State of Pakistan which he thought was consistent with his progressive thinking. Faiz had long associated ties with the Soviet Union, a friendship with atheist country that later honoured him with high award.Even after his death, the Russian government honoured him by calling him "our poet" to many Russians. However his popularity was waned in Bangladesh after 1971 when Dhaka did not win much support for him. <mask> and other pro-communists had no political role in the country, despite their academic brilliance. Although <mask> was a not a hardcore or far-left communist, he spent most of the 1950s and 1960s promoting the cause of communism in Pakistan. During the time when <mask> was editor of the Pakistan Times, one of the leading newspapers of the 1950s, he lent editorial support to the party. He was also involved in the circle lending support to military personnel (e.g. Major General Akbar Khan).His involvement with the party and Major General Akbar Khan's coup plan led to his imprisonment later. Later in his life, while giving an interview with the local newspaper, <mask> was asked by the interviewer as if he was a communist. He replied with characteristic nonchalance: "No. I am not, a communist is a person who is a card carrying member of the Communist party ever made. The party is banned in our country. So how can I be a communist?...". Rawalpindi plot and exile The Liaquat Ali Khan's government failure to capture Indian-administered Kashmir had frustrated the military leaders of the Pakistan Armed Forces in 1948, including Jinnah.A writer had argued that Jinnah had serious doubt of Ali Khan's ability to ensure the integrity and sovereignty of Pakistan. After returning from the United States, Ali Khan imposed restrictions on Communist party as well as Pakistan Socialist Party. Although the East Pakistan Communist Party had ultimate success in East-Pakistan after staging the mass protest to recognise Bengali language as national language. After Jinnah founded it, the Muslim League was struggling to survive in West-Pakistan. Therefore, Prime minister Liaquat Ali Khan imposed extreme restrictions and applied tremendous pressure on the communist party that ensured it was not properly allowed to function openly as a political party. The conspiracy had been planned by left-wing military officer and Chief of General Staff Major-General Akbar Khan. On 23 February 1951, a secret meeting was held at General Akbar's home, attended by other communist officers and communist party members, including Marxist Sajjad Zaheer and communist <mask>.General Akbar assured <mask> and Zaheer that the communist party would be allowed to function as a legitimate political party like any other party and to take part in the elections. But, according to communist Zafar Poshni who maintained, in 2011, that "no agreement was reached, the plan

Faiz Ahmad Faiz

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was disapproved, the communists weren't ready to accept General's words and the participants dispersed without meeting again". However the next morning, the plot was foiled when one of the communist officer defected to the ISI revealing the motives behind the plot. When the news reached the Prime minister, orders for massive arrests were given to the Military Police by the Prime minister. Before the coup could be initiated, General Akbar among other communists were arrested, including <mask>. In a trial led by the Judge Advocate General branch's officers in a military court, <mask> was announced to have spent four years in Montgomery Central Jail (MCJ), due to his influential personality, Liaquat Ali Khan's government continued locating him in Central Prison Karachi and the Central Jail Mianwali. The socialist Huseyn Suhravardie was his defence counselor.Finally on 2 April 1955, <mask>'s sentence was commuted by the Prime minister Huseyn Suhrawardy, and he departed to London, Great Britain soon after. In 1958, <mask> returned but was again detained by President Iskander Mirza, allegedly blamed <mask> for publishing pro-communist ideas and for advocating a pro-Moscow government. However, due to Zulfikar Ali Bhutto's influence on Ayub Khan, <mask>'s sentence was commuted in 1960 and he departed to Moscow, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics; he later settled in London, United Kingdom. Return to Pakistan and government work In 1964, <mask> finally returned to his country and settled down in Karachi, and was appointed Rector of Abdullah Haroon College. Having served as the secretary of the Pakistan Arts Council from 1959 to 1962, he became its vice-president the same year. In 1965, <mask> was first brought to government by the charismatic democratic socialist Zulfikar Ali Bhutto who was tenuring as Foreign minister in the presidency of Ayub Khan. Bhutto lobbied for <mask> and gave him an honorary capacity at the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (MoIB) working to rallying the people of West-Pakistan to fight against India to defend their motherland.During the 1971 Winter war, <mask> rallied to mobilise the people, writing poems and songs that opposed the bloodshed during the Bangladesh Liberation War. In 1972, Prime minister Zulfikar Ali Bhutto brought him back when Bhutto appointed <mask> as Culture adviser at the Ministry of Culture (MoCul) and the Ministry of Education (MoEd). <mask> continued serving in Bhutto's government until 1974 when he took retirement from the government assignments. <mask> had strong ties with Bhutto, and was deeply upset upon Bhutto's removal by Chief of Army Staff General Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq in 1977, in a military coup codename Fair Play. Again, <mask> was monitored by Military Police and his every move watched. In 1979, <mask> departed from Pakistan after learning the news that Bhutto's execution had taken place. <mask> took asylum in Beirut, Lebanon, where he edited the Soviet-sponsored magazine Lotus and met well-known Arab figures like Edward Said and Yasser Arafat, but returned to Pakistan in poor health after the renewal of the Lebanon War in 1982.In 1984, <mask> died in Lahore, Punjab Province, shortly after hearing that he had received a nomination for the Nobel Prize for Literature. Legacy Although living a simple and restless life, <mask>'s work, political ideology, and poetry became immortal, and he has often been called the "greatest poet" of Pakistan. <mask> remained an extremely popular and influential figure in the literary development of Pakistan's arts, literature, and drama and theatre adaptation. In 1962, <mask> was awarded the Lenin Peace Prize which enhanced the relations of his country with the Soviet Union which at that time had been hostile and antagonistic relations with Pakistan. The Lenin Peace Prize was a Soviet equivalent of Nobel Peace Prize, and helped lift Faiz's image even higher in the international community. It also brought Soviet Union and Pakistan much closer, offering possibilities for bettering the lives of their people. Most of his work has been translated into the Russian language.<mask>, whose work is considered the backbone of development of Pakistan's literature, arts and poetry, was one of the most beloved poets in the country. Along with Allama Iqbal, <mask> is often known as the "Poet of the East". While commenting on his legacy, classical singer Tina Sani said: Accolades and international recognition <mask> was the first Asian poet to receive the Lenin Peace Prize, awarded by the Soviet Union in 1962. In 1976 he was awarded the Lotus Prize for Literature. He was also nominated for the lenin Prize shortly before his death in 1984. At the Lenin Peace Prize ceremony, held in the grand Kremlin hall in Moscow, <mask> thanked the Soviet government for conferring the honour, and delivered an acceptance speech, which appears as a brief preface to his collection Dast-i-tah-i-Sang (Hand under the rock): In 1990, he was belatedly honoured by the Pakistan Government when ruling Pakistan Peoples Party led by Prime minister Benazir Bhutto, accepting the recommendation, and posthumously awarded Faiz, the highest civilian award, Nishan-e-Imtiaz in 1990. In 2011, the Pakistan Peoples Party's government declared the year of 2011 "as the year of Faiz <mask>".In accordance, the Pakistan Government set up a "Faiz Chair" at the Department of Urdu at the Karachi University and at the Sindh University, followed by the Government College University of Lahore established the Patras, Faiz Chair at the Department of Urdu of the university, also in 2011. The same year, the Government College University (GCU) presented golden shields to the University's Urdu department. The shields were issued and presented by the GCU vice-chancellor Professor Dr. Khaleequr Rehman, who noted and further wrote: "Faiz was poet of humanity, love and resistance against oppression". In 2012, at the memorial ceremony was held at the Jinnah Garden to honour the services of Faiz by the left-wing party Avami National Party and Communist Party, by the end of the ceremony, the participants chanted his name: "The Faiz of workers is alive! The Faiz of farmers is alive...! Faiz is alive....!". Translations <mask> <mask>'s poetry has been translated into many languages, including English and Russian.A Balochi poet, Mir Gul Khan Nasir, who was also a friend of <mask> <mask>, translated his book Sar-e-Wadi-e-Seena into Balochi with the title Seenai Keechag aa. Gul Khan's translation was written while he was in jail during Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto's regime for opposing the government's policies. It was only published in 1980, after Zia-ul-Haq toppled Bhutto's government and freed all the political prisoners of his (Bhutto's) regime. Victor Kiernan, British Marxist historian translated <mask> <mask>'s works into English, and several other translations of whole or part of his work into English have also been made by others; a transliteration in Punjabi was made by Mohinder Singh. <mask> <mask>, himself, also translated works of notable poets from other languages into Urdu. In his book "Sar-i Waadi-i Seena سرِ وادیِ سینا" there are translations of the famous poet of Dagestan, Rasul Gamzatov. "Deewa", a Balochi poem by Mir Gul Khan Nasir, was also translated into Urdu by <mask>.Plays, music, and dramatic productions on Faiz "Hum Dekhenge" by Iqbal Bano Sheeshon ka Maseeha شیشوں کا مسیحا by Omer Khawaja and Shabana Azmi. Dard Aayega Dabe Paon درد آئے گا دبے پاؤں by Sheela Bhatiya. Kuchh Ishq kiya Kuchh Kaam کچھ عشق کیا کچھ کام written by Danish Iqbal and staged by IPTA Delhi. This multi-media Stage Production was premiered at the Sri Ram centre, New Delhi on 11 November 2011. The Play is a Celebration of Faiz's Poetry and featured events from the early part of his life, particularly the events and incidents of pre-independence days which shaped his life and ideals. Directed by K K Kohli the musical Production featured Artists like Shamir Abadan, Jaishri Sethi, Dr Naseem, Izhar, Minhaj, Prateek Kapoor, Twinkle Khanna and Amit Bajaj in lead roles. The script was the first part of a Faiz trilogy written by Danish Iqbal on the occasion of the Faiz Centenary Celebrations.Chand Roz Aur Meri Jaan چند روز اور میری جان – A dramatised reading of <mask>'s letter and letters written by his wife Alys <mask>. This Production was initially done at the start of his birth centenary celebrations at India Habitat Center, New Delhi by Danish Iqbal and Salima Raza. 'Chand Roz Aur Meri Jaan' was also done at Amritsar Faiz Festival organised by Preet Ladi, at Punjab Natshala, Amritsar, on 6 October 2011. This time it was done by Suchitra Gupta and Danish Iqbal. 2011 Drama Festival of Delhi Urdu Academy is basically devoted to Productions about <mask>. Apart from 'Kuchh Ishq kiya Kuchh Kaam' by IPTA, Delhi and 'Chand Roz Aur Meri Jaan' by Wings Cultural Society, this Festival will also feature Plays by Peirreot's Troupe on Faiz, namely 'Jo Dil Pe Guzarti Hai'. The festival also presented, for the first time on stage 'Tera Bayaan Ghalib', directed by Dr Hadi Sarmadi and performed by Bahroop Arts Group, which was an adaptation of one of <mask>'s few plays for the radio.Ye Dagh Dagh Ujala یہ داغ داغ اُجالا A profound piece of poetry, written by <mask> <mask>z inspires Raj Amit Kumar to make a film Unfreedom which was released on 29 May 2015 in North America. The idea behind Unfreedom came from the desire to express the lack of freedom in the socio-economic structure of India's contemporary times. Jatt and Juliet یہ داغ داغ اُجالا A profound piece of poetry, written by <mask> <mask>z inspires Raj Amit Kumar to make a film Unfreedom which was released on 29 May 2015 in North America. The idea behind Unfreedom came from the desire to express the lack of freedom in the socio-economic structure of India's contemporary times. In popular culture A collection of some of <mask>'s celebrated poetry was published in 2011, under the name of "Celebrating Faiz" edited by D P Tripathi. The book also included tributes by his family, by contemporaries and by scholars who knew of him through his poetry. The book was released on the occasion of Mahatma Gandhi's birth anniversary in the Punjab province in Pakistan.A <mask> poem is read in the British 2021 television sitcom We Are Lady Parts. See also List of Urdu-language writers References Further reading Dryland, Estelle. "<mask> <mask> and the Rawalpindi Conspiracy Case." Journal of South Asian Literature 27.2 (1992): 175–185. Online <mask>, <mask>, Jamil Jalibi, and Fahmida Riaz AMINA YAQIN. "Variants of Cultural Nationalism in Pakistan: A Reading of <mask> <mask>, Jamil Jalibi, and Fahmida Riaz." in Shared Idioms, Sacred Symbols, and the Articulation of Identities in South Asia (Routledge, 2009).123–148. External links Research Based Segregation of Faiz Ahmed Faiz Poetry- The website segregates the Selected poetry of <mask> <mask> into Love, Romance, Sad, Social, Political and Religious Poetry Profiles and tributes Indian politician's tribute to <mask> <mask> A tribute to Alys <mask> Mushaira.org entry on Faiz Ahmed Faiz Works Selected poetry of Faiz Audio recitation and ghazals, nazms, qitaat of Faiz in Roman transliteration Selected poems of Faiz <mask>, translated by Azfar Hussain 1911 births 1984 deaths Communist Party of Pakistan politicians People from Sialkot Poets from Lahore Urdu-language poets from Pakistan Pakistani communists Pakistani Marxists Nigar Award winners Lenin Peace Prize recipients Recipients of Nishan-e-Imtiaz Punjabi academics Punjabi people Pakistani scholars Government College University, Lahore alumni Poets from Punjab, Pakistan Pakistan Movement activists Pakistani progressives Pakistani Communist writers Pakistani Communist poets Pakistani revolutionaries Writers from Lahore 20th-century poets Oriental College alumni Murray College alumni Pakistani poets Pakistani lyricists Pakistani songwriters Pakistani prisoners and detainees British Indian Army officers Members of the Order of the British Empire Indian Army personnel of World War II Progressive Writers'

Pernessa C. Seele

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<mask><mask> (born October 15, 1954) is an American immunologist and interfaith public health activist. <mask> is the CEO and founder of Balm in Gilead, Inc., a religious-based organization that provides support to people with AIDS and their families, as well as working for prevention of HIV and AIDS. In 1989 she initiated the Harlem Week of Prayer, with 50 churches, synagogues and mosques participating. This became an annual event and organizing force for the religious community to respond to the AIDS crisis. <mask> incorporated a growing organization as "The Balm in Gilead, Inc." This national movement to address public-health issues through communities of faith" has grown to include more than ten thousand churches, and numerous branches in the United States, Africa and the Caribbean. After 30 years in New York, <mask> and the organization are now based in Richmond, Virginia. Early life and education <mask> was born to Luella and <mask> in Lincolnville, South Carolina, about 20 miles from Charleston.It was an all-black rural town, where religious revivals were part of the community fabric and a way to mobilize civic action. <mask> studied biology as an undergraduate at Clark College (now Clark Atlanta University) where she earned a B.S. In 1979 she earned a master's degree in immunology at Atlanta University. She went to New York to start a career in science research. Career <mask> went to New York to work at Rockefeller University in the immunology of malaria. Then she took a job at Sloan Kettering Memorial Hospital in cancer research. Still in her twenties, she moved out of that to do what she called "little jobs".In the early 1980s, the biological mechanisms of AIDS were still unknown, but the medical community was becoming aware of an epidemic crisis. <mask> felt called to use her immunology degree in a different way. <mask> developed one of the first AIDS education programs, held at a methadone clinic. She worked at Harlem Hospital as an administrator in the AIDS Initiative Program. Confronted with the needs of patients and their families in the wards, she decided to try to organize the large Harlem religious community in their support. Harlem religious communities at first associated the disease with downtown gay men. Religious leaders like Frederick Williams and Preston Washington credit a fiery former immunologist, <mask> C<mask>, for changing the way they see the disease.As an administrator at Harlem Hospital, Ms. <mask> grew weary of watching dozens of patients die alone, without the spiritual support of their congregations. In 1989 Seele met with leaders of 50 churches, mosques, and Ethiopian Hebrews, to ask them to come together in prayer and education, for the first Harlem Week of Prayer. Religious congregations were encouraged to include education programs on AIDS and its prevention, as well as to create support for patients and their families. Her leadership was supported by major religious leaders in Harlem: Dr. Preston Washington, Dr. Frederick B. Williams, Dr. Wyatt Tee Walker, Dr. <mask>. Butts, Bishop Norman N. Quick, Dr. James A. Forbes, and numerous others. By 1991, 100 congregations participated in the annual week of prayer, as the Harlem community came to realize that HIV/AIDS was their disease, too. The Harlem Week of Prayer and mobilization began to receive national attention. <mask> was invited to churches and public health groups in other cities to speak about it.<mask>'s effort to address public health issues through communities of faith received technical assistance and support from the federal government. She received funding from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to expand the program to six pilot cities. The CDC recognized the potential of the movement to prevent HIV/AIDS and support patients. <mask> incorporated the Balm in Gilead, Inc., to create an organization with non-profit status. By 2003 the organization reached 10,000 churches, and 70 community organizations had been created to implement its programs in the United States, some African nations, and the Caribbean. Through a cooperative agreement with the CDC, the Balm in Gilead, Inc. operates the Black Church HIV/AIDS National Technical Assistance Center. For years CDC has provided funding and technical assistance to communities of faith to mobilize efforts in education and prevention of HIV/AIDS.In 2004 <mask> and her organization launched the African American Denominational Leadership Health Initiative. It was a partnership between the Balm In Gilead and the women's societies and councils of three Black religious denominations: the African Methodist Episcopal Church (AME), the African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church and the Christian Methodist Episcopal Church. It was designed to build the capacity of these denominations to address cervical cancer, HIV/AIDS and other health issues in Black communities. Legacy and honors (selected) 2006 - <mask> was the guest of President George W. Bush and his wife for his fifth State of the Union address, in which he renewed the government's commitment to the fight against HIV/AIDS in the black community. 2006 - Time magazine listed her among the Top 100 Americans. 2008 - <mask> was a featured speaker at the XVII International Conference on AIDS at Mexico City. 1996, Manhattan Borough, President Award 1997, Harlem United Community AIDS Center, Life Award 1997, State of Michigan, special tribute 1997, Community Works, Harlem Women Making a Difference Award 1998, Unity Fellowship Church, Bishop <mask> Visionary Award Citations References American Journal of Public Health, August 2003, p. 1207.Essence, October 1996, p. 42. Los Angeles Times, June 7, 2003, p. B20. New Pittsburgh Courier, February 15, 2003, p. A1. New York Times, March 2, 1999, p. F7. External links The Balm in Gilead, Inc., Official website 1954 births African-American religious leaders American activists People from New York (state) People from Charleston County, South Carolina Clark Atlanta University alumni Living people 21st-century African-American people 20th-century African-American people

Junio Valerio Borghese

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<mask> (6 June 1906 – 26 August 1974), nicknamed The Black Prince, was an Italian Navy commander during the regime of Benito Mussolini's National Fascist Party and a prominent hard-line Fascist politician in post-war Italy. In 1970 he took part in the planning of a neo-fascist coup (dubbed the Golpe Borghese) that was called off after the press discovered it; he subsequently fled to Spain and spent the last years of his life there. Early career <mask> was born in Artena, Province of Rome, Kingdom of Italy. He was born into a prominent noble family of Sienese origin, the House of Borghese, of which Pope Paul V was a notable member. His father, Livio Borghese, was the 11th Prince of Sulmona and younger brother to the more famous Scipione Borghese. Borghese was the second son of the prince and, as such, had the title of Patrician of Rome, Naples and Venice and the style of <mask>e. However, the press and the English-language historiography routinely used the courtesy style <mask>e.Borghese was first educated in London, England, and, from 1923, he attended the Royal Italian Navy Academy (Accademia Navale) in Livorno. In 1929, the naval career of Borghese began. By 1933, he was a submarine commander. Borghese took part in the Second Italo-Abyssinian War. During the Italian intervention in the Spanish Civil War, he was in command of the submarine Iride, where he allegedly lost two seamen after his unit was depth-charged by the British destroyer HMS Havock. World War II At the start of the Second World War, Borghese took command of submarine Vettor Pisani, and in August 1940 was in command of submarine Sciré, which was modified to carry the new secret Italian weapon, the human torpedo. Known as "slow speed torpedoes" (siluri a lenta corsa, or SLC), and nicknamed "pigs" (maiali) for their poor maneuverability, these were small underwater assault vehicles with a crew of two.These were part of the 1ª Flottiglia Mezzi d'Assalto (MAS), the "First Assault Vehicle Flotilla" (later called Decima Flottiglia MAS), an elite naval sabotage unit of the Royal Italian Navy (Regia Marina Italiana). As commander of Sciré Borghese took part in several raids using SLC. The first of these, in September and October 1940, were directed at Gibraltar. The September raid was abandoned when the harbour was found to be empty. In the October raid Borghese took Sciré deep into Gibraltar Bay, making a difficult submerged passage in order to release the SLC as close to target as possible. For this he received the Medaglia d'Oro al Valor Militare (MOVM), despite the mission's overall lack of success. In May 1941 a further attempt ended in failure, but on 20 September 1941 a successful mission damaged three merchant ships in the harbour.After this last attack he was promoted to Capitano di Fregata, and named commander of the Decima MAS''' sub-surface unit. On 18 December 1941, he reached Alexandria in Sciré and launched the daring raid by three SLCs that heavily damaged the two Royal Navy battleships and and two other ships in the harbour. The six Italian Navy crew that attacked Alexandria harbour all received the Medaglia d'Oro al Valor Militare, and Borghese was named Cavaliere dell'Ordine Militare di Savoia. In May 1943, Borghese took command of the Decima Flottiglia MAS("10th Assault Vehicle Flotilla"), or Xª MAS with Roman numerals, which continued active service in the Mediterranean and pioneered new techniques of commando assault warfare. The roman numeral was in memory of Caesar's famous Decima Legio. 8 September 1943: the Armistice After Italy's surrender to the Allies on 8 September 1943, the Xª MAS was disbanded. While some of its sailors joined the Allies, Borghese chose to continue fighting with the Italian Social Republic (RSI) alongside the German Armed Forces (Wehrmacht).On 12 September 1943, he signed a treaty of alliance with Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine. Many of his colleagues volunteered to serve with him, and the Decima Flottiglia was revived, headquartered in Caserma del Muggiano, La Spezia. By the end of the war, it had over 18,000 members, and Borghese conceived it as a purely military unit. The X Flottiglia gained a reputation for never firing a shot at any Italian military units fighting with the Allied forces. In April 1945 when the US command discovered that the British had granted permission to Marshal Josip Broz Tito of Yugoslavia, and his Communist troops, to occupy northeastern Italy from Venice to the east, Borghese moved the bulk of the X Flottiglia from the Ligurian and Piedmontese area to the Veneto. The X Flottiglia built a line of defense on the Tagliamento river where they resisted until the arrival of the Allied troops. In this action the X Flottiglia lost over eighty percent of the fighting sailors dispatched to the front against Tito's troops, and the Italian Communist Partisans allied with Tito.At the end of the war, Borghese was rescued by Office of Strategic Services officer James Angleton, who dressed him in an American uniform and drove him from Milan to Rome for interrogation by the Allies. Borghese was then tried and convicted of collaboration with the Nazi invaders, but not of war crimes, by the Italian Court. He was "sentenced to 12 years imprisonment, discounted to 3 years, due to his glorious expeditions during the war, his defence of north east borders against Tito's IX Corps and his defence of Genoa harbour". He was released from jail after four years' imprisonment by the Supreme Court of Cassation in 1949. Political activism after the war With his record as a war hero and his support of Fascism, he became a figurehead for pro-fascist, anti-communist groups in the immediate post-war period, acquiring the nickname Black Prince. Borghese wrote a supportive introduction, affirming his political ideology of an idealistic neo-fascist new aristocracy meritocratically based purely on character, to far right revolutionary-conservative theorist Julius Evola's book Men Among the Ruins . He later wrote a memoir of his wartime exploits, published as Sea Devils in 1954.He was associated with the Movimento Sociale Italiano (MSI), the neo-Fascist party formed in the post-World War II period by former supporters of the dictator Benito Mussolini. Later, advocating a harder line which the MSI was not able or willing to uphold, he broke from the MSI to form an even stauncher neofascist formation, known as the Fronte Nazionale. Attempted coup Following a last minute aborted coup d'état plot which fizzled out in the night of 8 December 1970 (the Feast of the Immaculate Conception), referred to as the Golpe Borghese, he was forced to cross the border to avoid arrest and interrogation. In 1984, ten years after <mask>'s death, the Supreme Court of Cassation ruled that no coup d'état attempt had happened. Nevertheless, the attempt is well known in Italy and film director Mario Monicelli made a biting satire of it called Vogliamo i colonnelli (1972) (We want the Colonels, as the Fascist Greek colonels were pulling the strings behind the scenes). The main character (played by Ugo Tognazzi) is a bombastic Neo-fascist politician called Tritoni (Triton), a clear allusion to Borghese, who was sometimes called the frog prince in Italy, after his time in the Frogmen assault Unit Dècima MAS. Final years and death Latterly regarded as a political outcast and shunned by his ancestrally blue blood social connections for his "heretical" political extremism and disregard for the external norms of modern aristocratic etiquette and behavior, Borghese died under mysterious circumstances in Cádiz, Spain, on 26 August 1974, aged 68.The death certificate records the cause of death as "acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis"; however, since Borghese was visited by a physician who found him in good shape just a few days before, it has been suggested that the circumstances of his death, characterized by a sudden onset of abdominal pain immediately after supper, could be compatible with arsenic poisoning. He is buried in the Borghese family chapel in the Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore, Rome. Family He was born as <mask> <mask> Scipione Ghezzo Marcantonio Maria of the Borghese princes in Rome, in one of the most important families of the Roman nobility, of ancient Sienese origins, with 4 cardinals, a pope and Napoleon Bonaparte's sister, Paolina, among his ancestors. He was the second son of Prince Livio <mask> of Sulmona (1874-1939), Prince of Rossano, Prince of Vivaro Romano, Prince of Monte Compatri, Duke of Palombara, Duke of Poggio Nativo and Castelchiodato; his mother was Princess Valeria Maria Alessandra Keun (Smyrna, 1880-Catania, 1956), daughter of Alfred August Keun and Virgina Amirà. His parents separated in Rome on May 31, 1911. As a consequence of the fact that his father was a diplomat (with the rank of plenipotentiary minister), <mask> <mask> spent the first years of his life traveling between Italy and the main foreign capitals , staying in China, Egypt, Spain, France and Great Britain. In Italy he mostly spent his time in and around Rome.He married in Florence, on 30 September 1931, the Russian countess Darya Vasilyevna Olsufeeva (Moscow, 1909 - Rome, 1963), sister of Alexandra "Assia" Vasilyevna Olsufeeva, wife of Andrea Busiri Vici. They had four children: Elena Maria Nives (born in Rome in 1932); <mask> Livio Vasilj Michele Scipione Romano Maria (Rome, 1933 - Rome, 1999), who married Nikè Arrighi, with whom he had his daughter Flavia; Livio Giuseppe Maria della Neve (Rome, 1940 - Sperlonga, 1989), who married Piera Loreta Rita Vallone (1941), from whom he had: Daria (1968), who married Carmelo Tibor Salleo of the Barons of San Filippo, Livia, Marcantonio (Rome, 1970), who married Francesca d'Amore and Niccolò; Andrea Scirè Maria della Neve [78] (Rome, 1942), who married Marisa Canti, from whom he had: Luca, Alessio (twins), Karen and <mask>. Further reading Paul Kemp : Underwater Warriors'' (1997) References 1906 births 1974 deaths People from the Metropolitan City of Rome Capital Italian fascists Italian neo-fascists Italian military personnel of the Second Italo-Ethiopian War Regia Marina personnel of World War II People of the Italian Social Republic Submarine commanders <mask> Valerio Italian nobility 20th-century Italian politicians Italian anti-communists Italian Social Movement politicians Burials at Santa Maria Maggiore

Robert Lang (producer)

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<mask> is a Canadian film producer, director, writer. He began his career in Montreal working at the National Film Board of Canada as a documentary film director and cinematographer in the mid-1970s. In 1980, he moved to Toronto, where he founded his own independent production company, Kensington Communications, to produce documentaries for television and non-theatrical markets. Since 1998, <mask> has been involved in conceiving and producing interactive media for the Web and mobile devices. Career <mask>'s work in television includes a number of documentary and factual series: Museum Secrets, a 22-part television series that investigates the stories behind artifacts in great museums around the world for History, UKTV and BBC Worldwide; Shameless Idealists, a five-part series that profiles a number of prominent change-makers and social activists for CTV; Diamond Road, a three-part series about the diamond industry for TVO, ZDF Arte and Discovery Times; The Sacred Balance, a four-part miniseries for CBC and PBS based on the book by geneticist and environmentalist Dr. David Suzuki; 72 Hours: True Crime, a true crime factual series for CBC and TLC; and Exhibit A: Secrets of Forensic Science, a forensic crime series hosted by Graham Greene for Discovery and TLC. Most recently, <mask>'s productions include: Nature's Cleanup Crew for CBC's The Nature of Things and ZDF Arte, a one hour documentary about the busy urban scavengers who clean up the mountains of waste humans leave behind; The Shadow of Gold for TVO, Arte France and SVT, co-produced with Films å Çinq and CAPA in Paris, a feature documentary examination of the global gold industry from raw material to market; and between 2015 and 2017, <mask> produced two one-hour documentaries, Champions vs Legends and The Equalizer, produced by Kensington Communications in co-production with Berlin Producers for broadcast on CBC’s The Nature of Things, SRC Explora and ZDF/Arte. in 2017, he was director/writer/producer of a point-of-view 1-hour documentary for TVOntario and Canal D, called Risk Factor.In 2015, <mask> produced a one-hour documentary for TVOntario and CPAC called The Drop: Why Young People Don't Vote. Before that he was responsible for several documentary films, including: as producer, co-writer of Raw Opium, which examines the failure of the War on Drugs through the lives of people involved in the international opium trade (TVO, ZDF Arte, SBS); as director/writer/producer of Return to Nepal, in which musician Bruce Cockburn travels to the remote Humla district of Northwestern Nepal (CBC documentary); as co-writer / director, producer of Almost Home: a Sayisi Dene Journey, an intimate portrait of a Canadian aboriginal community in transition for CBC Nature of Things and APTN; as director/producer of River of Sand, which explores the ancient culture, popular music, and current struggles of the people of Mali, West Africa for Vision TV and TVO; as producer/co-director of Separate Lives, the Gemini-winning documentary which follows the lives of conjoined twins from Pakistan and the pioneering operation that gave them a chance at a new life for Discovery; as director/co-producer of The Biggest Little Ticket, a children’s musical fantasy special for CTV which won several awards and Mariposa: Under a Stormy Sky, a documentary music special for CTV. He has produced many interactive digital projects over the years, from River of Sand interactive website (1998), to The Sacred Balance online (2003), Diamond Road interactive documentary (2007), Museum Secrets Interactive (2011), ScopifyROM, a mobile app to enhance the museum experience at the Royal Ontario Museum (2013) and Risk Navigator mobile app (2017). <mask> was recipient of the Queen's Gold Jubilee Medal in 2002, was named North American Trailblazer of the Year by MIPDOC in 2009 and his work in film and television has garnered many national and international awards (see Awards section below for details). He's also been active in the production community as a founding member of the Documentary Organization of Canada, as a board member for The Real News since 2007 and as the founder of the Hot Docs CrossCurrents Fund in 2013.

Peter Pohl

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<mask> (born 5 December 1940) is a Swedish author and former director and screenwriter of short films. He has received prizes for several of his books and films, as well as for his entire work. From 1966 until his retirement in 2005, he was lecturer in Numerical analysis at KTH Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm, Sweden. Biography <mask> was born on 5 December 1940 in Hamburg, Germany. He lost his father during World War II and moved to Sweden with his mother in 1945, where he started school in 1947. He went to the Södra Latin gymnasium in Stockholm until 1959. During this period, he engaged in medium-distance running, with good results, but he quit running when he was 19 years old.From his 15th until his 30th (1970), <mask> was part of the schools summer camp at Värmdö and later at Blidö. This period of his life is described in the books that form the Rainbow Series and are of particular influence of his other books. He studied mathematics and physics and was a research assistant at the Swedish National Defence Research Institute for several years, starting in 1963. <mask> soon returned to university in order to graduate at KTH Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm, where he received his doctorate in Numerical analysis in 1975. He became a lecturer in Numerical analysis and wrote several textbooks on this subject. <mask> started filming in 1980 and won various prizes for his work. His writing career started in 1983 and two years later he published his first and most successful book, translated in English as Johnny, My Friend.Since then, he has published () 26 works of fiction. He retired as a lecturer in 2005. Director Before he published his first book, <mask> created a number of short films. Most of them were published in the 1980s and many have won various prizes, from, among others, the Union Internationale du Cinéma, Swedish short film and video, and Nordic short film. <mask> has made a number of short films, mainly in the 1980s. Filmography Nyckeln (The key), 1981, 15 minutes. It has been awarded several prizes: Viktor (1st prize in amateur category) from Svensk Smalfilm och Video (now Sveriges Film- och Videoförbund, SFV), 1982.Silver medal and editing prize (klippningspriset) at Nordisk Smalfilm, 1982. 1st prize in the category Fantasy and 5th prize in all categories, short film contest, Argentina, 1982. Du har ju mej! (But you have me! ), 1982, 20 minutes. Won the bronze prize and the actor prize at Svensk Smalfilm och Video in 1982. Medan nålen vandrar, 1982, 18 minutes.Visiten (The visit), 1982, 12 minutes. Alla klockor stannar (All clocks stop), 1983, 27 minutes. Resan till havet (The journey to the sea), 1984, 23 minutes. The contents are similar to those in his book Havet inom oss (the sea inside us). Bronze medal at Svensk Smalfilm och Video, 1986. Muntlig tentamen (Oral exam), 1984. Bronze medal at Svensk Smalfilm och Video, 1984.Bronze medal at Union Internationale du Cinéma (UNICA), European short film contest in the German Democratic Republic, 1984. Stipendiet (The scholarship), 1985, 20 minutes. Director prize and prize for best female actor, Sandy gala, Västerås, 1987. Silver medal and actor prize at Svensk Smalfilm och Video, 1988. Ja, jag kommer! (Yes, I'm coming! ), 1986, 16 minutes.Gunga flöjt. Bronze medal at Svensk Smalfilm och Video, 1989. Det blir bättre nästa gång (It will be better next time), 1989, 20 minutes. Silver medal and actor prize at Svensk Smalfilm och Video, 1991. Silver medal at Nordisk Smalfilm Gold medal and prize for best film at UNICA, European short film contest in Switzerland, 1991. Änglar behövs dom? (Angels, are they needed?), 1990. This film was made after his book Glittras Uppdrag (Glittras assignment) Author <mask> has published a total number of 35 books: 9 textbooks and 26 works of fiction. He is primarily known for his works of fiction. His fiction is mostly drama, but also includes two works of poetry, a book with fairy tales and a "picture book without pictures" that defies categorisation. In most of his books, children and teenagers are the main characters. He considers this to be the most important period of a life. Typical themes are loneliness, betrayal, lies, a longing for friendship, death.On his website, he writes that he does so because it is reality for many adults, youths and kids, and it would be a shame to be silent about that. Of his drama, two books were translated into English: Johnny, My Friend about a mysterious new boy in the neighborhood, and I miss you, I miss you! about the loss of a twin sister. In total, 13 of his books have been translated into 13 languages, mostly in Norwegian, Danish and German, but more recently also in languages such as Estonian and Polish. Among the books he published in the first four years of his writer career are three of the autobiographical books that form the rainbow series. Those are true and about his own life Those start with Regnbågen har bara åtta färger (The rainbow has only eight colours). In this book, <mask> described his early childhood, starting immediately after he moved to Sweden, until he was eight years old.The story takes place between 1945 and 1948. It is followed by Medan regnbågen bleknar (While the rainbow is fading), covering the period 1949 – 1952. Vilja växa (Want to grow up) described the period 1952 – 1958. The fourth book, Vi kallar honom Anna, he describes one year, particularly one summer, where he, part of the summercamp organisation, observes how a teenage boy is severely bullied. This book was published before Medan regnbågen bleknar and Vilja växa, just shortly after Regnbågen har bara åtta färger, and received a lot of attention and prizes. The final book in the series is Klara papper är ett måste, which starts in 1966. Additionally, the book De Stora Penslarnas lek, which <mask> describes as a starting point for his writing, contains fairy tales, based on the fairy tales from the grandfather in Regnbågen har bara åtta färger.Other books, such as I miss you, I miss you! and Sekten are based on true stories that came to him directly or indirectly. Some of his books were originally published as adult literature, but later recategorised as books for youth. <mask> does not consider himself an author of primarily youth literature. However, some books were written for children. Examples are Glittras uppdrag, a fairy tale about an angel that protects a six-year-old boy, and Malins kung Gurra, written for a contest organised by publisher Rabén & Sjögren. Bibliography Textbooks Linjära differensekvationer med konstanta koefficienter; Liber, 1976 Numeriska Metoder (with Gerd Eriksson and Germund Dahlquist); THS, 1977 220 ± 30 Exempel i Numeriska Metoder (with Gerd Eriksson); THS, 1978 Introduktion till BASIC-programmering; THS, 1979 Analytiska och Numeriska Metoder (with Eike <mask>); KTH, 1984 Elementära Numeriska Metoder; THS, 1991 Problem och Exempel i Numeriska Metoder; THS, 1992; Print on Demand 1997 Grunderna i Numeriska Metoder; THS, 1995; NADA, KTH 1999 Grundkurs i numeriska metoder; Liber, 2005.Fiction Janne, min vän (Johnny, My Friend), 1985. Translations: Danish (Min bedste ven, 1987), Norwegian (Janne min venn, 1988), German (Jan, mein Freund, 1990), Dutch (Jan, mijn vriend, 1991), English (Johnny, My Friend, 1991, translated by Laurie Thompson), French (Jan, mon ami, 1995), Italian (Il mio amico Jan, 1996 and 2005), Estonian (Janne, mu söber, 1997), Japanese (1997), Icelandic (Janni vinur minn, 1997), Low German (Jan, mien Fründ, 2000). Prizes: Litteraturfrämjandets debutantpris (prize for first appearance), 1985; Nils Holgersson Plaque 1986; Honorary list, 11th edition of the Premio Europeo di Letteratura Giovanile (European Prize for Youth Literature), Pier Paolo Vergerio, Padova, Italy, 1987 Deutscher Jugendliteraturpreis (German youth literature prize), 1990. Kulturskylt, Stockholm Public Library, November 1999 Regnbågen har bara åtta färger (The rainbow has only eight colours), 1986 Translations: German (Der Regenbogen hat nur acht Farben, 1993), Dutch (De regenboog heeft maar acht kleuren, 1995) Vi kallar honom Anna (We call him Anna), 1987. Translations: German (Nennen wir ihn Anna, 1981), Danish (Vi kaldar ham Anna, 1989), Norwegian (Vi kaller ham Anna, 1989), Dutch (We noemen hem Anna, 1993). Prizes: Eule des Monats (Owl of the Month), Bulletin Jugend & Literatur (Bulletin Youth + Literature), Hardebek, Germany, 1991 Nominated for the Deutscher Jugendliteraturpreis, 1992 Vlag en Wimpel, Amsterdam, Netherlands, 1994 Havet inom oss (The ocean within us), 1988. This book has largely the same contents as the short film Resan till havet.Alltid den där Anette! (Always that Anette! ), 1988 De Stora Penslarnas Lek (fairy tales) Medan regnbågen bleknar (While the rainbow is fading), 1989. Translations: German (Während der Regenbogen verblasst, 1994), Norwegian (Mens regnbuen blekner, 1991) Prizes: Heffaklumpen, children books prize, Expressen, 1989. Kan ingen hjálpa Anette? (Can nobody help Anette? ), 1990 Malins kung Gurra (Malins king Gurra), 1991 Translations: German (Ich bin Malin, 1992), Danish (Du må gerne sova i min hånd, 1993)), Norwegian (Malin og Kong Gurra, 1994), Estonian (Pärast viimast hoiatust, 1999) Man har ett snärj, 1991 Glittras uppdrag (Glittrag assignment), 1992.Translations: German (Glittrag Auftrag, 1997) Jag saknar dig, jag saknar dig! (I miss you, I miss you! ), 1992 Translations: German (Du fehlst mir, du fehlst mir!, 1994), Danish (Jeg savner dig, jeg savner dig, 1993), Norwegian (Jeg savner deg, jeg savner deg, 1993), Dutch (Ik mis je, ik mis je!, 1994), Finnish (Sinä ja minä ikuisesti, 1997), Icelandic (Ég sakna þin, 1998), English (I miss you, I miss you!, 1999), Slovene (Pogrešam te, pogrešam te, 1999) Prizes: Augustpriset (August prize), Bokförläggarföreningen, 1992 Deutscher Jugendliteraturpreis, Germany, 1995 En röd sten till Carina (A red stone to Carina), 1993 Vill dig (Want you), 1994. Poems. Vilja växa (Want to grow up), 1994. När alla ljuger (When all are lying), 1995. Translations: Danish (Når alle lyver, 2000) Minns det (Remember that), 1996.Poems. Men jag glömmer dig inte (But I won't forget you), 1997. Translations: German (Aber ich vergesse dich nicht, 1998), Norwegian (Men jeg glemmer dig ikke, 1998), Danish (Men jeg glemmer deg aldri, 1998) Prizes: Nominated for Augustpriset, 1997. Fällt aus dem Rahmen, Fachzeitschrift für Kinder- und Jugendmedien, April 1998. Intet bortom det yttersta, 1998. Translations: German (Unter der blauen Sonne, 2002), Norwegian (Tims historie, 1999). Prizes: Fällt aus dem Rahmen, October 2002 Klara papper är ett måste, 1998 Tillsammans kan vi förändra världen (Together we can change the world), 1998."Picture book without pictures" Man kan inte säga allt, 1999. Translations: Norwegian (Man kan ikke sige alt, 2001), Finnish (Valonarkaa, 2000) Jag är kvar hos er (I am still with you), 2000 Translations: German (Ich werde immer bei euch sein, 2003), Estonian (Ma olen ikka teiega, 2003) Tusen kolor, 2002. Translations: Norwegian (Tusind kugler, 2004), , 2005 Sekten (The sect), 2005. Nu heter jag Nirak (Now my name is Nirak), 2007. Anton, jag gillar dig! (Anton, I love you! ), 2008.Not published yet. Number of translations per language (Swedish) 26, soon 27 ; ; ; ; ; English, Finnish, ; French, Italian, Low German, Slovenian, ; Total 13 books have been translated into at least one language. In total, the books have been translated to 13 different languages. References External links Website <mask> (Swedish) Full bibliography Partial list of translations 1940 births Living people German emigrants to Sweden Swedish male writers Swedish-language writers Swedish children's writers Swedish writers of young adult literature KTH Royal Institute of Technology faculty August Prize winners

Mervyn Brogan

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Lieutenant General Sir <mask>, (10 January 1915 – 8 March 1994) was a senior officer in the Australian Army who served as Chief of the General Staff from 1971 to 1973. A 1935 graduate of the Royal Military College, Duntroon, where he was the Corps Sergeant Major and was awarded the Sword of Honour, and of the University of Sydney, where he earned a Bachelor of Engineering degree, Brogan served in the Second World War on the staff of New Guinea Force during New Guinea Campaign, and as an observer with the British Army during the Western Allied invasion of Germany. After the war he was commandant and chief instructor at the School of Military Engineering during the 1949 Australian coal strike, and, as Director of Military Training, reopened the Land Warfare Centre at Canungra in 1954. When he was appointed the Chief of the General Staff in 1971, he was the first occupant of that position to possess a university degree. He presided over the withdrawal of Australian troops from the Vietnam War, the ending of the National Service scheme, and the consequent reduction of the size of the Army, and sweeping organisational changes. Early life <mask> was born in Crows Nest, New South Wales, on 10 January 1915, the son of <mask> and his wife Hilda. He had an older brother, Bernard Alwyn, who later became a wing commander in Royal Australian Air Force.Upon receiving his leaving certificate, he was awarded a scholarship to study at the Sydney Technical College; but as part of the Combined Schools team, he played rugby against the Royal Military College, Duntroon, which had moved from Canberra to the Victoria Barracks, Sydney, due to the Great Depression, and decided to go there instead. His application was accepted, and he entered the Royal Military College on 25 February 1932. In his final year, Brogan was the Corps Sergeant Major, the senior cadet appointment, and on graduation was awarded the Sword of Honour. He was commissioned as a lieutenant in the Australian Staff Corps on 11 December 1935. On 16 March 1936, he entered the University of Sydney, where he earned a Bachelor of Engineering degree. He did some work on the fortifications on Rottnest Island guarding the city of Perth. He was on the university's swimming and water polo teams, and was a blue in rugby.After graduation he was posted to Melbourne as the Adjutant and Quartermaster, 3rd Division Engineers on 7 August 1938, and then to Army Headquarters at Victoria Barracks, Melbourne, on 23 March 1939. He played rugby for Victoria in 1938 and 1939, and attended tryouts for the Wallabies. Second World War When the Second World War broke out in 1939, he sought an appointment with the Second Australian Imperial Force (AIF), but instead was sent to Duntroon as an instructor on 11 November 1939. He became a temporary captain on 1 July 1940. On 25 June 1941, he married Shiela Jones, the daughter of David Samuel Jones, a teacher at the Duntroon School. Her brother gave the bride away, and his acted as his best man. They had two children, Edward and Daryl.He joined the AIF on 22 September 1941, and was allotted the AIF service number NX76403. He was appointed GSO2 of Home Forces on 22 December 1941. This became Second Army on 6 April 1942. He was promoted to the temporary rank of major on 1 July 1942; this became substantive on 1 September. On 8 November 1942, he became Deputy Assistant Quartermaster General (DAQMG) of New Guinea Force. He became Assistant Quartermaster General (AQMG) of I Corps and New Guinea Force with the temporary rank of lieutenant colonel on 2 August 1943, and AQMG of New Guinea Force on 27 August 1943. He was involved in organising the air supply in support of the Salamaua–Lae campaign, for which he was mentioned in despatches on 23 December 1943, and was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire on 27 April 1944.He was GSO1 of the Military Training Branch at Allied Land Forces, South West Pacific Area (LHQ) from 5 January 1944 to 6 November 1944. He represented the ACT in rugby in 1941 and 1944. In 1945, <mask> was sent as an observer with the British Army during the Western Allied invasion of Germany. Soon after he arrived, he came down with malaria, a legacy of his service in New Guinea, to the surprise of the doctors, who were not used to seeing a tropical disease in North West Europe. Post-war <mask> remained in Europe until 1947, when he returned to Australia to become commandant and chief instructor at the School of Military Engineering. He assisted in organising Royal Australian Engineers to mine coal during the 1949 Australian coal strike. He then went back to Britain as a student at the Joint Services Staff College there from 1950 to 1952.In 1954, he became Director of Military Training. In the years since the Second World War, the Australian Army had lost most of its expertise in jungle warfare, as it concentrated on Australia's commitment to the Korean War, and plans to support the British Army in the Middle East. Brogan reopened the Land Warfare Centre at Canungra, incorporating lessons from the British Army's experience in the Malayan Emergency. Brogan served as a brigadier on the staff of the British Army's Far East Land Forces from 1956 to 1958, and went back to Britain once more to attend the Imperial Defence College in 1959. He then became the commandant of the Australian Staff College. He was General Officer Commanding Northern Command from 1962 to 1965, and was upgraded to a Commander of the Order of the British Empire in the 1963 Birthday Honours. In 1965 he was an Australian Representative on the Military Committee of the South East Asia Treaty Organisation.He was Director of Joint Service Plans from 1965 to 1966, when he became the Quartermaster-General and Third Member of the Military Board. In December 1968, he became General Officer Commanding Eastern Command, vice Sir James Harrison, who had been appointed Governor of South Australia. He was made a Commander of the Order of the Bath in the 1970 New Year Honours. Chief of the General Staff On 19 May 1971, <mask> reached the pinnacle of his career when he was appointed as the Chief of the General Staff (CGS) with the rank of lieutenant general. He was the first occupant of that position to possess a university degree. He was upgraded to a Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire for his service in that role in the 1972 Birthday Honours. Australian troops were serving in the Vietnam War at that time, but the commitment was winding down.In response to the American Vietnamization policy, the 8th Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment was withdrawn in 1970 and not replaced. The last infantry battalion, the 4th Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment, was withdrawn in December 1971, and the 1st Australian Logistic Support Group followed. With the election of the Whitlam Government in December 1972, the last troops, the Australian Army Training Team Vietnam were withdrawn. It fell to Brogan to implement sweeping changes. The Whitlam government swiftly terminated the National Service scheme, causing the manpower of both the Australian Regular Army and the CMF to rapidly shrink. The number of battalions in the Royal Australian Regiment was reduced from nine to six, but Brogan clung to the divisional structure, which would remain until the 1990s. The Department of the Army was abolished, replaced by the new Department of Defence.The old regional commands were abolished, replaced by four functional commands, and the number of bodies reporting to Army Headquarters was reduced from 140 to just four. Brogan revived the position of Vice CGS, appointing Major General Francis Hassett, who would become his successor, to the post. <mask>'s term as CGS ended on 19 November 1973. He retired in January 1975. He was Colonel Commandant of the Royal Australian Engineers from 1974 to 1978, and Honorary Colonel of the University of New South Wales Regiment from 1975 to 1980. He died in Sydney on 8 March 1994. Notes References 1915 births 1994 deaths Australian generals Australian Companions of the Order of the Bath Australian Knights Commander of the Order of the British Empire Australian Army personnel of World War II People from the North Shore, Sydney Royal Military College, Duntroon graduates University of Sydney alumni Australian military engineers Alumni of the Royal College of Defence Studies Chiefs of Army (Australia)

Jan O'Sullivan

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<mask>'Sullivan (; born 6 December 1950) is a former Irish Labour Party politician who served as Minister for Education and Skills from 2014 to 2016 and as a Minister of State from 2011 to 2014. She served as a Teachta Dála (TD) for the Limerick City constituency from 2011 to 2020, and previously from 1998 to 2011 for the Limerick East constituency. Personal life O'Sullivan was born in Clonlara, County Clare, in 1950. She was educated at Villiers Secondary School, Limerick, where her father was a journalist. After graduating from Trinity College, Dublin, she took a Higher Diploma in Education at University College Cork. After working as a teacher for a short period of time, she studied as a Montessori teacher while living in Canada. After returning to Ireland, in the late 1970s, O'Sullivan helped to run Limerick's family planning clinic.A member of the Church of Ireland, she married Paul O'Sullivan, a Catholic and a GP; they have one daughter and one son. She spent time at home while having her children and once they were in school she ran a playgroup in the mornings, spent time with the children in the afternoon and did political work in the evenings. Political career Democratic Socialist: 1982–1990 In 1982, O'Sullivan joined the Democratic Socialist Party (DSP), a small party founded by Limerick TD Jim Kemmy, who had previously been a members of the Labour Party. There had been no political tradition in her family – her parents had supported different parties – and her choice of party was based on her support for Kemmy's anti-nationalist stance on Northern Ireland, and his advocacy of family planning services and a pro-choice approach to abortion. Family planning was deeply controversial in Ireland from the 1970s to the 1990s, particularly in Limerick, where Kemmy had lost his Dáil seat at the November 1982 general election, after being denounced by the Catholic Church for his opposition to the Eighth Amendment of the Constitution of Ireland. Those such as O'Sullivan who were involved in the family planning services which Kemmy had helped found were labelled "Kemmy's Femmies". O'Sullivan was elected to Limerick City Council in 1985, she also served as a member of the Mid-Western Health Board from 1991 to 2003.Labour: 1990s O'Sullivan joined the Labour Party when the DSP merged with Labour in 1990, having been one of the DSP's negotiators in the merger discussions. At the 1992 general election, as the running-mate of the DSP's founder Jim Kemmy, she narrowly missed winning a second seat for Labour in Limerick East. In 1993, she was elected to the 20th Seanad on the Administrative Panel, and became leader of the Labour group in Seanad Éireann. From 1993 to 1994, O'Sullivan was Mayor of Limerick. Her religion twice became an issue in 1994, when she was prevented from opening a Christian Brothers School and from reading a lesson at a mass for Limerick's civic week. O'Sullivan was unsuccessful again at the 1997 general election, but after Kemmy's death in September 1997, she was selected as the Labour Party candidate for the by-election in March 1998. She held the seat in a close three-way contest, becoming the first female TD from County Limerick since Kathleen O'Callaghan in 1921.Both the Fianna Fáil and Fine Gael candidates in the by-election were also women. Labour: 2000s O'Sullivan was re-elected at the 2002, 2007 and 2011 general elections, and at the 1999 local elections became Limerick's first alderwoman (as well as its last, as the title was abolished by the Local Government Act 2001). In the 28th Dáil, she was the Labour Party Spokesperson on Justice and Equality and a member of the Oireachtas Joint Committee on Justice, Equality and Women's Rights. In the 29th Dáil, she was vice-chair of both the Dáil Select Committee on Education and Science and the Joint Committee on Education and Science, as well as her party's spokesperson on Education and Science. After Labour's disappointing performance at the 2007 general election, Pat Rabbitte resigned as leader and the outgoing deputy leader, Liz McManus, did not seek re-election. Eamon Gilmore was elected unopposed as leader, O'Sullivan stood for the deputy leadership, and was narrowly defeated by Dublin West TD Joan Burton, by 1480 votes to 1276. In a frontbench reshuffle on 16 September 2007, appointed O'Sullivan to the role of Spokesperson for Health.Government: 2011–2016 On 10 March 2011, she was appointed by the Fine Gael–Labour government as Minister of State at the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade with special responsibility for Trade and Development. On 20 December 2011, she was appointed Minister of State at the Department of Environment, Community and Local Government with special responsibility for Housing and Planning. She attended meetings of the cabinet, a position described as a "super junior" minister. In July 2014, she was appointed Minister for Education and Skills. She continued the promotion of plurality in a church-dominated system by divesting schools of church patronage, and announced new multi-denominational schools under the patronage divesting process. In March 2015, the government, with O'Sullivan the minister responsible, confirmed it would lock away for 75 years any statements it received from victims of child sexual abuse (almost twice the normal length). This decision was criticised by survivors.Opposition: 2016–2020 O'Sullivan retained her seat in the Dáil, following the 2016 general election in February, one of only seven Labour TDs to be elected. The party did not enter government, though O'Sullivan retained her position as Minister for Education and Skills until talks on government formation had concluded and the formation of a new government on 6 May 2016. She lost her seat at the 2020 general election. References External links <mask>'Sullivan's page on the Labour Party website 1950 births Living people Alumni of University College Cork Alumni of Trinity College Dublin Democratic Socialist Party (Ireland) politicians Women government ministers of the Republic of Ireland Irish Anglicans Irish schoolteachers Labour Party (Ireland) TDs Local councillors in County Limerick Mayors of Limerick (city) Members of the 20th Seanad 20th-century women members of Seanad Éireann Members of the 28th Dáil Members of the 29th Dáil Members of the 30th Dáil Members of the 31st Dáil Members of the 32nd Dáil 20th-century women Teachtaí Dála 21st-century women Teachtaí Dála Ministers for Education (Ireland) Ministers of State of the 31st Dáil Politicians from County Clare Women mayors of places in Ireland Labour Party (Ireland) senators Women ministers of state of the Republic of Ireland People educated at Villiers School

A. K. Dolven

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<mask> (<mask>, born 1953) is a Norwegian artist. She works across painting, film, sound, sculpture and interventions in public space. Recurring themes in her production are the representation of natural forces and their resonance with human sensibilities. Her work alternates between the monumental and the minimal, the universal and the intimate. Interpersonal relations and interactions are central to her practice, and many of her performance-based works involve collaborations with other people. She lives in Kvalnes, Norway. Life and work Dolven was born and grew up in Oslo but left early to Lofoten, and then on to France in 1972 to study art at École des Beaux-Arts in Aix-en-Provence, and then École nationale supérieure des Beaux-Arts in Paris.She went on to study at the National Academy of the Arts in Oslo. She lived between Berlin and Lofoten from 1987 to 1997 after receiving the Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs grant to Künstlerhaus Bethanien. From 1997 to 2017, she worked between London and her home in Lofoten; in 2005 she established her Atelier Kvalnes, the base for her international practice. Dolven's photo and video work often shows motifs from this and other places north of the Arctic Circle. She has received media attention for her public sculpture projects and was the initiator of the outdoor sculpture project Artscape Nordland. She was awarded the German Fred-Thieler Prize in 2000 and the Swedish Prince Eugen Medal in 2005. OCAT Shanghai, Shanghai, China.(2019) The Quebec City Biennial: Small Between the Stars, Large Against the Sky, Québec, Canada (2018) The Thailand Biennale: Edge of the Wonderland, Krabi, Thailand (2017) Dreamers Awake, White Cube, London (2016) this is a political (painting), Kunsthall Trondheim, Norway (2016) The Shadow Never Lies, 21st Minsheng Art Museum, Shanghai, China (2015) Art/Nature, Museum für Naturkunde Berlin, Germany (2014) PLAY, Helsinki Art Museum, Helsinki, Finland (2013) Desire Lines, ACCA The Australian Centre for Contemporary Art, Melbourne, Australia (2012) Guangzhou Triennial 2012, Guangzhou, China (2012) New Nordic – Architecture & Identity, Louisiana Museum of Modern Art, Humlebæk, Denmark (2011) Vidéo & Après, Centre Pompidou, Paris, France (2009) There is No Road, Laboral Centro de Arte, Gijon, Spain (2007) Pain, Hamburger Bahnhof, Berlin, Germany (2006) Melancholie, Genie und wahnsinn in der Kunst, Neue Nationalgalerie, Berlin, Germany (2004) Berlin/North, Hamburger Bahnhof, Berlin, Germany (2003) 46664 –1 Minute of Art to Aids, Green Point Stadium, Cape Town, South Africa (2002) Hollywood Revisited, Aarhus Kunstmueum, Aarhus, Denmark. (2000) Norden, Kunsthalle Vienna, Austria (1999) The 6th International Istanbul Biennial, Istanbul, Turkey (1996) Strangers in the Arctic, AGO, Ontario, Canada (1990) JETZ BERLIN, Malmö Art Hall, Sweden (1986) Borealis, DAAD Galerie, Berlin Selected public artworks (2010-2020) Untuned Bell, Honnørbrygga, Oslo, Norway. (2018) 40 voices, Rankweil, Austria (2017) Tours voices, CCC, Tours, France (2014) I found I found, Stormen Cultural Quarter, Bodø, Norway (2012) Out of Tune, Folkestone, UK (2011) The Finnish Untuned Bell, Ekenäs, Finland Selected collections Her work is included in collections such as The Art Institute of Chicago (USA), Philadelphia Museum of Art (USA), Arts Council Collection (UK), Hoffmann Collection, KIASMA, La Gaia Collection, Goetz Collection, Fundacion Salamanca Ciudad de Cultura (Spain), Kunsthalle Bern (Switzerland), Küpferstichkabinett (Germany), Leipzig Collection of Contemporary Galleries (Germany), Louisiana Museum of Modern Art (Denmark), Malmö Museum (Sweden), Museum of Contemporary Art (Norway), and the Museum of Contemporary Art (Denmark). Further reading A K Dolven: Please Return , edited by Gaby Hartel, was published by Art / Books in February 2015 to coincide with a solo show at Ikon Gallery in Birmingham. hitting a mountain with snow on my left and right shoulder, A K Dolven, Moving mountain, text by Andrea Schlieker, 2004.

D. J. Mbenga

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<mask> "D. J.<mask> (pronounced Benga; born December 30, 1980) is a Belgian-Congolese former professional basketball player. He has also played for the Belgian national basketball team as he is a dual citizen of both his native countries. Early life <mask> was born and raised in Kinshasa, Zaire, now known as the Democratic Republic of the Congo, where his father was a government employee. When a new regime took over power, it sought out everyone who worked for the previous leader. As unrest in the country escalated, <mask> and his family were imprisoned.While his father was eventually unable to save himself, he did manage to negotiate on behalf of his wife and son, as <mask> and his mother escaped the nation and were given asylum in Belgium. While living in a refugee center, he was discovered by Belgian basketball legend Willy Steveniers, who eventually served as Mbenga's personal basketball mentor. Professional career Spirou Gilly (2001–2002) In 2001, <mask> joined Spirou Gilly of the Belgian Division II league where he made his professional debut in 2001–02. Leuven Bears (2002–2003) In 2002, <mask> joined the Leuven Bears of the Belgian Basketball League for the 2002–03 season where in 21 games he averaged 8.1 points per game. Spirou Charleroi (2003–2004) In 2003, <mask> joined Spirou Charleroi also of the Belgian Basketball League for the 2003–04 season where he played both league games and ULEB Cup games. Dallas Mavericks (2004–2007) On July 14, 2004, <mask> signed a two-year, $3.4 million contract with the Dallas Mavericks and joined them for the 2004 NBA Summer League. In an injury-riddled first season with the Mavericks in 2004–05, he managed just 15 games while averaging just one point per game.In July 2005, <mask> re-joined the Dallas Mavericks for the 2005 NBA Summer League, and went on to play in 43 regular season games for the franchise in 2005–06. During the 2006 Western Conference Finals against the Phoenix Suns, <mask> was suspended for six games for going into the stands, after he saw the wife of coach <mask> being harassed by fans. He went on to manage seven playoff games in the Mavericks' playoff run that ended in Game 6 of the NBA Finals where they lost to the Miami Heat. On June 30, 2006, the Mavericks extended a qualifying offer to Mbenga in order to make him a restricted free agent. After again playing for the Mavericks in the 2006 NBA Summer League, <mask> re-signed with the franchise to a three-year, non-guaranteed contract on July 13, 2006. However, he managed just 21 games in 2006–07 after suffering a torn right ACL on February 7, 2007. He returned to the court on October 23, 2007 in the Mavericks' preseason finale against the Chicago Bulls where he recorded 5 rebounds, 2 blocks and 1 assist in 12 minutes of action.A week later, he was waived by the Mavericks. Golden State Warriors (2007–2008) On November 17, 2007, <mask> signed with the Golden State Warriors. On January 6, 2008, he was waived by the Warriors. Los Angeles Lakers (2008–2010) On January 21, 2008, <mask> signed a 10-day contract with the Los Angeles Lakers. On February 1, 2008, he signed a second 10-day contract with the Lakers. On February 11, 2008, he signed with the Lakers for the rest of the 2007–08 season. On September 24, 2008, he re-signed with the Lakers.On March 6, 2009, <mask> recorded a then career high 10 points on 4–5 shooting, along with 4 rebounds and 5 blocks, in a 110-90 win over the Minnesota Timberwolves. The Lakers went on to win the 2009 NBA championship after they defeated the Orlando Magic 4 games to 1 in the 2009 NBA Finals. With starting forward Pau Gasol and center Andrew Bynum injured, <mask> made his first start for the Lakers on November 6, 2009 in a 114-98 win over the Memphis Grizzlies. Two days later, <mask> recorded his first career double-double with 10 points and 12 rebounds, in addition to 4 blocks, in a 104-88 win over the New Orleans Hornets. On April 9, 2010, he recorded a career high 11 points in a 97-88 win over the Minnesota Timberwolves. <mask> went on to win his second NBA championship after the Lakers defeated the Boston Celtics 4 games to 3 in the 2010 NBA Finals. New Orleans Hornets (2010–2011) On October 13, 2010, <mask> signed a one-year deal with the New Orleans Hornets.Qingdao Eagles (2012) In July 2012, <mask> joined the Milwaukee Bucks for the 2012 NBA Summer League. On September 27, 2012, he signed with the Dallas Mavericks. However, he was later waived by the Mavericks on October 2, 2012. In November 2012, <mask> signed with Qingdao Eagles of the Chinese Basketball Association. On December 12, 2012, he played his final game for Qingdao before being replaced in the line-up by <mask>. Barako Bull Energy (2013) On April 3, 2013, <mask> signed with the Barako Bull Energy of the Philippine Basketball Association. On October 8, 2014, <mask> signed with the New York Knicks.However, he was later waived by the Knicks on October 24, 2014. In 2005, Mbenga started the Mbenga Foundation with the goal to help children in the Democratic Republic of Congo and refugees in Belgium. See also List of European basketball players in the United States References External links D. J. <mask>rou Charleroi players Sportspeople from Kinshasa Undrafted National Basketball Association players

Alessandro Campagna (kickboxer)

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<mask> (born October 10, 1991) is an Italian Welterweight kickboxer, fighting out of Pro Fighting Roma in Rome, Italy. He recently won an 8-man tournament in Paramaribo in Surinam called "Soema Na Basi" beating more experienced and quoted fighters from the Netherlands and Surinam. Biography and career Born in Rome, Italy, he started to train Kickboxing at the age of 10 and after a while he decided to practice Muay thai. He trained at Pro Fighting Roma followed by Alessio Smeriglio. He had his first fight at the age of 16. He has an older brother : <mask>, which fights too into the -61 Weight division and is currently K-1 Italian National Champion and is more active into the Amateur Tournaments, where he earned a Silver medal in Baku, Azerbaijan during the Wako European Amateur Championship. <mask> is a full-time Studend and he practice as a professional fighter when he's not at school.<mask> won against Fabio Pinca via unanimous decision in a tournament reserve bout at Glory 3: Rome - 2012 Middleweight Slam Final 8 to be held on November 3, 2012 in Rome, After Glory World Series he changed Trainer and moved with Mr. Riccardo Lecca and Invictus team. He also is being followed on specific boxing trainer by the professional Italian boxer Mr. Marco Scafi . He lost to Andy Riste via unanimous decision at Glory 6: Istanbul on April 6, 2013. He lost to Jingreedtong by decision in the semi-finals of the four man tournament at MAX Muay Thai 4 in Sendai, Japan on October 6, 2013. Campagna won against Hamza Imane via unanimous decision at Fight Clubbing: The European Edition, in Pescara, Italy on October 25, 2015, and became the new FIGHT1 PRO ITALIAN NATIONAL CHAMPION 73 kg Campagna lost to Enriko Gogokhia via first-round TKO at Oktagon Legend 3 in Milan, Italy on April 5, 2014, the first time he had been stopped. <mask>na after his victory against the superstar Marco "The Sniper" Pique, decides to begin his new career as an amateur boxer ( current amateur boxer Elite 81 kg ) and then move in the future on professional boxing. Championships and accomplishments Italian F.I.K.B.K-1 National K1 Champion 2009 OKTAGON 2011 Oktagon Italian selections winner 2011 with a total of 4 matches and 4 wins Oktagon prestige fight winner 2011 Soema Na basi 2011- 8 Man Tournament winner in Paramaribo, Surinam WAKO Pro K-1 Rules World Welterweight Champion +66.8 kg Ranked N.21 from Glory World Series Professional Rankings Lightweight Division - Fight1 PRO Italian Champion 73 kg 2015 in Pescara, Italy Sponsorship <mask> is currently sponsored by the Italian Brand LEONE1947, one of the most important fighters brand that sponsor also Top fighters like Giorgio Petrosyan, Artur Kyshenko, Gago Drago and a lot of notable fighters all over the globe. Kickboxing record |- style="background:#cfc;" | 2015-12-20 || Win ||align=left| Marco Pique || Invictus Arena, Prestige Fight|| Rome, Italy || Decision (unanimous) || 3 || 3:00 |- style="background:#cfc;" | 2015-12-08 || Win ||align=left| Jouad El Byari || Fight Clubbing The Reality 2.0 Muay Thai Vs Sanda|| Lecce, Italy || Decision (unanimous) || 3 || 3:00 |- style="background:#cfc;" | 2014-10-25 || Win ||align=left| Hamza Imane || Fight Clubbing The European Edition|| Pescara, Italy || Decision (unanimous) || 5 || 3:00 |- ! style=background:white colspan=9 | |- |- style="background:#cfc;" | 2012-01-21 || Win ||align=left| Corrado Zanchi || Yokkao Extreme,Prestige Fight || Milan, Italy || Decision(unanimous) || 3 || 3:00 |- |- style="background:#cfc;" | 2011-08-26 || Win ||align=left| Miloud El Guebli || Soema Na Basi, Final || Paramaribo, Surinam || KO (Punch) || 1 || |- ! style=background:white colspan=9 | |- style="background:#cfc;" | 2011-08-26 || Win ||align=left| Ajay Balgobind || Soema Na Basi, Semi Finals || Paramaribo, Surinam || Decision || 3 || 3:00 |- style="background:#cfc;" | 2011-08-26 || Win ||align=left| Mandela Antone || Soema Na Basi, Quarters|| Paramaribo, Surinam || Decision || 3 || 3:00 |- style="background:#fbb;" | 2011-04-30 || Loss ||align=left| Julian Imeri || Ring Rules || Milan, Italy || Decision || 3 || 3:00 |- style="background:#cfc;" | 2011-03-12 || Win ||align=left| Philippe Salmon || OKTAGON 2011 MILAN || Milan, Italy || TKO (Ref.Stoppage) || 1 || |- !

Jimmy Scott

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<mask> (July 17, 1925 – June 12, 2014), known professionally as <mask> or <mask>, was an American jazz vocalist known for his high natural contralto voice and his sensitivity on ballads and love songs. After success in the 1940s and 1950s, <mask>'s career faltered in the early 1960s. He slid into obscurity before a comeback in the 1990s. His unusual singing voice was due to Kallmann syndrome, a rare genetic disorder that limited his height to until the age of 37, when he grew by . The syndrome prevented him from reaching classic puberty and left him with a high voice and unusual timbre. Early life <mask> was born on July 17, 1925, in Cleveland, Ohio, United States. The son of <mask> (born Chester Stewart) and Justine <mask>, he was the third child in a family of 10.As a child he got his first singing experience by his mother's side at the family piano and later in church choir. At 13, he was orphaned when his mother was killed by a drunk driver. Career Lionel Hampton gave him the nickname "<mask> <mask>" because he looked young and was short and of slight build. His phrasing made him a favorite of artists including Billie Holiday, Ray Charles, Frankie Valli, Dinah Washington, and Nancy Wilson. He rose to prominence as <mask> <mask> in the Lionel Hampton band as lead singer on "Everybody's Somebody's Fool", recorded in December 1949. It became a top ten R&B hit in 1950. Credit on the label went to "Lionel Hampton and vocalists"; <mask> received no credit on any of the songs. A similar event occurred several years later when his vocal on "Embraceable You" with Charlie Parker, on the album One Night in Birdland, was credited to the female vocalist Chubby Newsom.In 1963 his girlfriend, Mary Ann Fisher, who sang with Ray Charles, helped him sign with Tangerine, Charles's label, and record the album Falling in Love is Wonderful. The album was withdrawn while <mask> was on his honeymoon because he had signed a contract with Herman Lubinsky; it would be 40 years before the album was reissued. <mask> disputed the contract he had with Lubinsky, who had loaned him to Syd Nathan at King for 45 recordings in 1957–58. Another album, The Source, was recorded in 1969, released in 1970, but due to another Lubinsky threat of breach of contract, it was not promoted by Atlantic and quickly went out of print. (It was reissued in 2001). <mask>'s career faded by the late 1960s, and he returned to his native Cleveland to work as a hospital orderly, shipping clerk, and elevator operator. He returned to music in 1989 when manager Alan Eichler arranged for him to share a late-night bill with Johnnie Ray at New York's Ballroom.When <mask> sang at the funeral of his friend, songwriter Doc Pomus, the event further renewed his career. <mask> performed the song "Sycamore Trees" in the climactic final episode of the original Twin Peaks in 1991; and Lou Reed invited him to sing backup on the song "Power and Glory" on Reed's 1992 album Magic and Loss. Also in attendance at Pomus's funeral was Seymour Stein, founder and operator of Sire, which released <mask>'s 1992 album All the Way, produced by Tommy LiPuma and featuring Kenny Barron, Ron Carter, and David "Fathead" Newman. <mask> was nominated for a Grammy Award for the album. <mask> released Dream in 1994 and the album Heaven in 1996. His next work, an album of pop and rock interpretations entitled Holding Back the Years (1998), was produced by Gerry McCarthy and Dale Ashley. Released in the US by Artists Only in October 1998, it peaked at No.14 on the Billboard Jazz Albums chart. In Japan, it won the Swing Journal Award for Best Jazz Album of the Year (2000). The title track marked the first time in his career that <mask> overdubbed his harmony vocal tracks. Holding Back the Years features cover art by Mark Kostabi, liner notes by Lou Reed, and includes versions of "Nothing Compares 2 U" (written by Prince), "Jealous Guy" (John Lennon), "Almost Blue" (Elvis Costello), "Sorry Seems to Be the Hardest Word" (Elton John & Bernie Taupin) and title track Holding Back the Years. In 1999, <mask>'s early recordings for Decca were released on CD, as were all of his recordings with Savoy from 1952 to 1975 in a three-disc box set. In 2000, <mask> signed with Milestone and recorded four albums, each produced by Todd Barkan with guests such as Wynton Marsalis, Renee Rosnes, Bob Kindred, Eric Alexander, Lew Soloff, George Mraz, Lewis Nash, and <mask>'s touring and recording band, The Jazz Expressions. He released two live albums recorded in Japan.During 2003–04, PBS aired If You Only Knew, a documentary produced and directed by Matthew Buzell that won film festival awards and the Independent Lens award. <mask> and his wife Jeanie lived in Las Vegas, Nevada, after purchasing a house in 2006, having previously lived in Euclid, Ohio, for 10 years. On May 10, 2014, <mask>'s final recording session took place in the living room of his home. The track was recorded for Grégoire Maret's album Wanted and was a song Maret wrote for him titled "The 26th of May". <mask> died in his sleep at his home in Las Vegas on June 12, 2014, at the age of 88. He was buried in Knollwood Cemetery in Mayfield Heights, Ohio. Awards & Honors and Later Life <mask> performed at the inaugurations of Presidents Eisenhower (1953) and Clinton (1993).On both occasions, <mask> sang "Why Was I Born?". Later, he appeared with the lounge music group Pink Martini and continued to perform until his death. He received the NEA Jazz Masters award (2007) from the National Endowment for the Arts, the Living Legend Award from the Kennedy Center, the Pioneer Award from NABOB (National Association of Black Owned Broadcasters), and the Lifetime Achievement Award from the Jazz Foundation of America (2010). <mask>'s recording of "If I Ever Lost You" can be heard in the opening credits of the HBO movie Lackawanna Blues. He was also mentioned on The Cosby Show (season 2, episode 25), when Clair and Cliff Huxtable bet on the year in which "An Evening in Paradise" was recorded. On August 17, 2013, at Cleveland State University, he was inducted into inaugural class of the R&B Music Hall of Fame. <mask> and his wife Jeanie lived in Las Vegas, Nevada, after purchasing a house in 2006, having previously lived in Euclid, Ohio, for 10 years.On May 10, 2014, <mask>'s final recording session took place in the living room of his home. The track was recorded for Grégoire Maret's album Wanted and was a song Maret wrote for him titled "The 26th of May". <mask> died in his sleep at his home in Las Vegas on June 12, 2014, at the age of 88. He was buried in Knollwood Cemetery in Mayfield Heights, Ohio. The following month, a portion of East 101st Street in Cleveland was renamed <mask> Way in his honor. Discography Very Truly Yours (Savoy, 1955) If You Only Knew (Savoy, 1956) The Fabulous Songs of <mask> (Savoy, 1960) Falling in Love Is Wonderful (Tangerine, 1963) The Source (Atlantic, 1970) Can't We Begin Again (Savoy, 1976) Doesn't Love Mean More (J's Way, 1990) Regal Records Live in New Orleans (Specialty, 1991) All the Way (Sire, 1992) Dream (Sire/Warner Bros., 1994) Heaven (Warner Bros., 1996) Holding Back the Years (Artists Only!, 1998) Everybody's Somebody's Fool (Decca, 1999) Mood Indigo (Milestone, 2000) Over the Rainbow (Milestone, 2001) But Beautiful (Milestone, 2002) Moon Glow (Milestone, 2003) Filmography Documentary The Ballad of Little <mask> (DVD) (PBS, 1987) Featuring NY Times Bestselling Author Nathan C. Heard as Narrator Why Was I Born: The Life and Times of Little <mask> (TV) (Bravo Profiles Jazz Masters, Bravo, 1999) <mask>: If You Only Knew (DVD) (Independent Lens, PBS, 2003–2004) Appearances Soul! (PBS, June 1971) Lounge-A-Palooza: "Love Will Keep Us Together" (1997) Scotch & Milk (1998) Twin Peaks, "Episode 29" (TV) (1991) Chelsea Walls (2002) Stormy Weather: The Music of Harold Arlen (TV) (2002) I Love Your Work (2005) Be Kind Rewind (2005) Passion Play (2011) Further reading Ritz, David (2002).Faith in Time: The Life of <mask>. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Da Capo. . Deffaa, Chip (2006), Six Lives in Rhythm and Blues, Da Capo Press. Eidsheim, Nina Sun (2019), The Race of Sound, Listening, Timbre, and Vocality in African American Music, Durham, North Carolina: Duke University Press. References External links Sufjan Stevens, "<mask>: A Voice from Another World", The Guardian, January 23, 2010. John Fordham, "<mask>: Five Great Performances from the Jazz Legend", The Guardian, June 14, 2014. Radio interview with <mask> by Duncan Hamilton Shirley Halperin, "<mask>'s Death Stops — and Starts — Doc", Billboard, June 28, 2014, p. 14. 1925 births 2014 deaths 20th-century American singers 21st-century American singers African-American jazz musicians 20th-century African-American male singers American contraltos American jazz singers Decca Records artists American male jazz musicians Musicians from Cleveland Savoy Records artists Singers from Ohio Swing singers Traditional pop music singers Burials at Knollwood Cemetery Jazz musicians from Ohio 20th-century American male singers 21st-century American male singers Tangerine Records artists 21st-century African-American male singers

Max Kepler

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<mask> (born February 10, 1993) is a German-American professional baseball outfielder for the Minnesota Twins of Major League Baseball (MLB). He made his MLB debut in 2015. Before signing with the Twins, he played for Buchbinder Legionäre Regensburg of Bundesliga. He bats and throws left-handed. He holds the record for home runs hit in a career by a German-born player. Early life <mask> was born in Berlin, Germany. His parents, <mask> and Marek Różycki, were both professional ballet dancers; they met when they performed in the same ballet company in Berlin.His mother is from San Antonio, Texas, while his father is from Poland. He has one sister. At the age of six, <mask> started baseball at the Little League level with the John F. Kennedy School in Berlin. Though he received a scholarship at age seven to the Steffi Graf Tennis Foundation, he decided to choose baseball. <mask> attended John F. Kennedy School, and the St. Emmeram Academy in Regensburg in 2008, where he was able to train in baseball more than the average American teenager. He played association football with Hertha BSC, and played baseball for Buchbinder Legionäre Regensburg of the Bundesliga, the highest baseball league in Germany. Minor leagues Andy Johnson, an international scout working for the Minnesota Twins of MLB, first noticed <mask> when he played in a junior national tournament at the age of 14.At 16, he signed with the Twins in 2009 for US$800,000, the largest signing bonus given by an MLB franchise to a European-born player. <mask> made his American debut in the rookie level in 2010 Gulf Coast League (GCL) with the GCL Twins. He was promoted to the Elizabethton Twins of the Rookie-Advanced Appalachian League in 2011. He was assigned to Elizabethton for the 2012 season. An elbow injury delayed the start of <mask>'s 2013 season, when he was assigned to the Cedar Rapids Kernels of the Class A Midwest League. Following the regular season, the Twins assigned <mask> to the Glendale Desert Dogs of the Arizona Fall League. After the 2013 season, the Twins added <mask> to their 40-man roster, and he was invited to spring training.<mask> played for the Fort Myers Miracle of the Class A-Advanced Florida State League in 2014, and opened the 2015 season with the Chattanooga Lookouts of the Class AA Southern League. <mask> was selected to represent the Twins at the 2015 All-Star Futures Game, though a sore shoulder prevented him from playing. <mask> finished the 2015 season with a .327 batting average, nine home runs, and 18 stolen bases. He was named Southern League Player of the Year. MLB career The Twins promoted <mask> to the major leagues on September 21, 2015, the night after the Lookouts won the Southern League championship. He made his major league debut on September 27, 2015 and recorded his first hit on October 4, 2015. After Donald Lutz, <mask> is the second German-developed player to play in modern MLB.The Twins assigned <mask> to the Rochester Red Wings of the Class AAA International League to start the 2016 season. After playing in two games for Rochester, the Twins promoted him to the major leagues to replace the injured Danny Santana on April 10, 2016. Fifteen days later, <mask> was optioned to Rochester. On June 1, 2016, <mask> was recalled to replace the injured Miguel Sanó, and he began getting regular starts for the Twins in right field. The next day, <mask> had his first multiple-hit game, and on June 12, <mask> swatted his first major league home run, a walk-off three-run shot in the 10th inning off of Matt Barnes of the Boston Red Sox. On August 1 against the Cleveland Indians, <mask> became the first European-born MLB player to hit three home runs in one game and the fifth Twins player to do so after Bob Allison, Harmon Killebrew, Tony Oliva, and Justin Morneau. On August 8, 2016, <mask> was named co-American League Player of the Week, his first time receiving that honor, alongside teammate Joe Mauer.<mask> started opening day 2017 against the Kansas City Royals, and collected a hit in his first at bat. In a game against the Chicago White Sox on August 31, <mask> came up to bat in the bottom of the ninth with the bases loaded. Opposing pitcher Juan Minaya threw a slider inside and <mask> got hit by the pitch and became the second player in Twins history to have a walk-off hit-by-pitch. It gave the Twins their 20th win in August. <mask> finished the year with career highs in games played, with 147, batting average of .243, home runs with 19, and 69 RBIs. In 2018, <mask> had a batting average of .224 and hit 20 home runs with 58 RBIs in 156 games. His 20 home runs and 156 games played were both career highs.<mask> signed a 5-year, $35 million contract on February 14, 2019. He won his second American League Player of the Week award for the week of May 26th, he led the MLB that week in batting average, on-base percentage, and slugging percentage with a line of .571/.600/1.190. He had his second career three-home-run game against the Cleveland Indians on June 6; all three home runs came against starting pitcher Trevor Bauer. In a game against the Indians on July 13, <mask> hit two home runs in his first two at bats against opposing starting pitcher Trevor Bauer, those two home runs were the fourth and fifth straight home runs hit against Bauer in consecutive at bats. This was the first time in MLB history that a batter hit a home run in five consecutive at bats against the same pitcher during a single season. On August 16, 2019 <mask> hit his 33rd home run of the season, setting an MLB record for home runs in a single season by a European-born player, passing former Giants outfielder Bobby Thomson. He batted .252/.336/.519, and set career highs in home runs, runs, and hits, and he also led the major leagues in pull percentage (53.4%), and finished 20th in MVP voting.<mask> started 2020 by hitting a home run on the first pitch of the season against the Chicago White Sox, following that with another home run in his second at bat. He became the second player to hit a home run in the first two innings in a season following Ted Kluszewski of the Angels (April 11, 1961). Overall, <mask> finished with a .228 average with 9 home runs and 23 RBI in 48 games during the 60-game season. In 2021, he batted .157 against left-handers, the lowest batting average in the major leagues. Personal life He was previously in a relationship with American soccer player Abby Dahlkemper. References External links 1993 births Living people Cedar Rapids Kernels players Chattanooga Lookouts players Elizabethton Twins players Fort Myers Miracle players German expatriate baseball players in the United States German people of American descent German people of Polish descent Glendale Desert Dogs players Gulf Coast Twins players Major League Baseball outfielders Major League Baseball players from Germany Minnesota Twins players Rochester Red Wings players Sportspeople from Berlin St. Paul Saints players

Erik Pevernagie

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<mask> (born 1939) is a Belgian painter and writer, living in Uccle (Brussels), who has held exhibitions in Paris, New York City, Berlin, Düsseldorf, Amsterdam, London, Brussels and Antwerp. Life Pevernagie has his background in Brussels, a bilingual city where Latin and Germanic cultures mix. He is the son and pupil of the expressionist painter, <mask> (1904–1970). From the start, he was interested in the Anglo-Saxon and Germanic cultural heritage and became a Master in Germanic Philology at the Free University of Brussels (1961). He took a postgraduate degree at Cambridge University (UK) and became a Professor at Erasmus University. A Master's degree Leisure Agogics (1971) motivated him to create a social & cultural non-profit located on two boats in Brussels Port: "Ric's River Boat" and "Ric's Art Boat", which allowed him to meet remarkable characters in the art world. He became an associated academician of Accademia Internazionale del Verbano di Lettere, Arti, Scienze.Work The artist seems to get his inspiration from several aspects of the social fabric. Communication and in-communication are recurring central themes in his work. Topics like alienation, seclusion, unrest, insecurity appear to be starting points for visual productions. Viewing a painting becomes a semiotic experience, and words, titles, sentences, and graffiti should be extensions and elucidations of a visual effect. The creation of a work is, at the same time, plastic and literary. If "details" add to the structure of the work, the small items of life seem to be the cornerstones through which the viewer can comprehend the world. While particular events from the collective memory are translated into the canvas, the artistic approach consists of hiding the subject in a singular environment.The whole work is practically unclassifiable, as various currents seem to culminate in it. While the characters are integrated into their environment, through geometric lines and compositional planes, figuration and abstractionism are forced to a compromise, visibly with a view to generating a range of emotions and reflections. As the material on the canvas and the color process play an essential role, sand and metal filings are used to give a distinctive texture. The artist obviously has a dialectical approach towards "presence" and "absence," and towards the "painted" and "non-painted" matter in art, which seems to create a kind of tension, visually and mentally. Quotes "<mask> is primarily known for combining both figurative and abstract elements in his works. Starting with a simple geometric sketch or "graffiti", he builds the surface with materials such as ashes, sand or metal chips." (Doyle New York) "'Man' stands in the heart of his work: man integrated in his natural environment, sometimes even absorbed by it.On the other hand, he seems to deny it, as Pevernagie introduces graffiti in his paintings. So doing he gives evidence of the solitude of the human being, his alienation in the urban texture." (Benezit Dictionary of Artists, Paris) "Bridging the gaps between generations, social strata and nationalities is a tricky business. However <mask> may have hit upon a workable formula to ease the alienation. " (International Herald Tribune) "By denying any physical presence of the character and leaving simply dress evidence, the artist gives us a reproduction of the ground zero of the mind. His anti-hero has decided to make tabula rasa and get rid of all acquired alleged qualities." (Christie's, New York, Catalogue) "His message, like a light beam across the fog of the human condition, calls our attention to the fragment, to help us to explore the universe.The detail is chosen as the starting point of the possible knowledge, deepening our perception and conscience. Pevernagie offers us the first pieces of a puzzle we have to assemble. He freezes the moment as a password to disclose the eternity. His philosophical approach of the "essence" is further materialized by the choice of the technical parameters: the flatness of the perspective, the geometrical shapes, the narrow chromatic range, the use of material elements such as sand and metal files...somehow recalling the Egyptian art, an art based on the language of icons and symbols, to explore and explain the mystery." (R.Puvia, London) "Belgian artist, who adds geometrical colour surfaces in his work to characters or architectural spaces. In addition he uses material on his canvasses such as sand and metal chips, which grant to his pictures their special surface texture and which seem to submerge the separate entities into a refined moderate colouredness through the reflection of the light." (Ketterer, Hamburg) "The human being who is present in all his work is reduced to a congruent portion.Some pale traits, bodies blend into the canvas leaving space to accessories, highlighted by the artist in a more figurative manner. The material is omnipresent in <mask>'s paintings and give to his work all the intensity of the messages he tries to transmit. Metal, aluminium, sand. The ruggedness of his canvasses is perfectly in tune with the long vanishing lines and the sharp angles of his paintings." (M. Ladaveze) "Typical exponent of the contemporary artist who combines abstract and figurative elements in his work. He starts from an idea and expresses that idea in a plastic way. Thus he depicts a world which has become confused and insecure and asks questions which can be interpreted by the spectator."(Paul Piron, Brussels) "Mixes figuration and abstraction with a poetic and philosophical key. Important are the framing, the intersections, the balance of the surfaces. Introduces extraneaous substances (ashes, sand, grit etc) which gives an aspect of strangeness and ruggedness as if he leaves traces of the past." (Arto) "Always listening to the world around him <mask>nagie grants to our fellow man a dominating place in his paintings. The individual is replaced in his environment, which is sometimes evoked by graffiti, and seems to be absorbed, dissolved by the elements surrounding him. The subtle touches of color, the half-abstract, half-figurative shapes, and the specific framing lead to the dissolution of the individual whose life seems to be but superficiality. Pevernagie invites us to go beyond the superficial barriers in order to discover the mystery behind his characters who are in perpetual tension as if they were waiting for something else, for another life."(LeVif/l'Express) "Always starting from an event of the collective memory Pevernagie paints a very insecure world in his very particular way. Half figurative, half abstract he mixes elements of earth, sand, metal cuttings on his canvas in sober beige, grey, velvet red tones. He starts with a simple graffiti, a sketch of a person or a detail from daily life. These are used as a pretext for a network of pure and well structured geometrical lines covering the whole surface of the canvas in order to bring about emotion. The titles are like twinklings in the eye.They are to be interpreted as one feels it. In the first degree or in the second degree. Astonishing in this work is the message that is brought to life.The artist asks questions. Life is seen by Pevernagie in different ways and painting is a way to express them. The paint brush is a means of evasion and the color a gate to reflexion." (Rey-Berthot) "The figures of <mask>nagie are absorbed, integrated in their environment by the color, the lines and by the" idea", which is most important in his work. He starts from an idea and then he paints it. With him we find the problems which keep him busy, which haunt us and which he depicts. He paints the alienation, the loneliness, the unrest, the uncertainty.<mask> paints for a generation. Our world has been decomposed, fallen into pieces, become uncertain and unseizable. But art and poetry are ultimate recourses. <mask>'s work is a thrilling work. With him we enter a totally different universe than the recognizable and readable reality. It's a universe we can interpret.In his art questions are put. He has a vision on man and the world.This artist is captivating by his topics and by the way he is painting them. He brings about a change in our way of looking at the world. " (Professor W. Toebosch) "For me it's even more the shape that one perceives than the idea of the painter which astonishes and alienates me. The painter obviously starts from a situation in everyday life. The shape, the structure impose themselves and create some disturbance. The canvas is almost empty. No cumbersome details.No technical tricks. I understand that it's the " details ", the small objects of the life which surround us and which form the framework through which we perceive the world, which stimulate and encourage the thought. These are the objects which often replace the interior world with many people." (L. Krasnova) Bibliography The Dictionary of International Biography, Melrose Press Ltd, Ely, Cambridgeshire, UK, 20 Dictionnaire de Référence, Bénézit, Paris, Gründ,1999 Le Delarge, Le Dictionnaire des arts plastiques modernes et contemporains, 2009–2012 Le Dictionnaire des artistes plasticiens en Belgique 1800-2002, Arto, 2003 Dictionnaire des artistes plasticiens belges, P. Piron, 2003 Beeldend Benelux, Petrus Maria Josephus Emiel Jacobs, Encyclopédie: (Le-Po), Tilburg, 2000, p. 603 Guida Internazionale delle Belle Arti, 2015, MP PROGETTI, p. 109 Belgian Journal of Philology and History 1962, Volume 40 - 40-2 Number pp. 540–692. <mask>nagie: Ivy Compton-Burnett "The children in her works" Goodreads: <mask>nagie Quotes Literary Quotes Pevernagie Erik Pevernagie: "Words of Wisdom" - 12 March 2020, ISBN139798611994962 About the philosophy of the Painting of Pevernagie "Let Us Say More And Speak Less" - <mask>nagie, Kindle Edition-ASIN B08PNX1NTR Published 3 December 2020, "Stilling our Mind" - Erik Pevernagie, Independently published-ISBN13: B09BYDNP5H Published 4 August 2021, References External links Erik Pevernagie Revisited Erik Pevernagie philosophy Artist's quotes Belgian painters 1939 births Living people Free University of Brussels (1834–1969) alumni Erasmus University Rotterdam faculty

Arthur Dobrin

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<mask> (born 1943) is an American author, Professor Emeritus of Management, Entrepreneurship, and General Business at Hofstra University, and Leader Emeritus of the Ethical Humanist Society of Long Island. Prior to his career, <mask> served two years in the Peace Corps with his wife, Lyn, in Kenya. There he was in charge of the educational component of the Kisii District office of the Department of Cooperative Development. He has maintained his interest in Kenya since, having returned with his family and having led educational safaris to Kenya for Adelphi University School of Social Work. He has published two novels, a collection of short stories and a book of poems all set in Kenya. He and Lyn direct the Kenya Project, a program that provides funding for an elementary school in Kisii. Education <mask> graduated attended the City College of New York graduating with a BA in History in 1964, received an MA from NYU in 1974, received a DSW from Adelphi University in 1988, and was a graduate of the Ackerman Family Institute's program in family therapy.Career Upon returning home from Africa in 1967, <mask> joined the Ethical Movement and in 1968 became the Leader of the Ethical Humanist Society of Long Island and served in that position until 2001. Dobrin joined Hofstra University's faculty as an adjunct Associate Professor of Social Sciences in 1989 and taught classes in African literature, social work, moral education, religion and human rights in the New College. He joined the faculty of the School for University Studies as a full-time Professor of Humanities in 1989 and taught in the freshmen program. He retired from full professorship in December 2012. He teaches courses in business ethics in the MBA program in School of Business and journalism ethics in the School of Communication as an adjunct professor. Dobrin has also been a visiting scholar at Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China; Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; Kisii College, Kisii, Kenya; the Gusii Technical College, Kisii, Kenya; and Claflin University in South Carolina. Dobrin was the co-founder of Amnesty International USA Group #74, the co-founder of the Long Island Interracial Alliance for a Common Future, and the director of the Encampment for Citizenship in Montana and Arizona.He is a member of the Ethics Committee at Winthrop-University Hospital and the Garden City Clergy Fellowship. He is also a member of the Nassau County District Attorney's Faith Leaders Advisory Council and the Nassau County Police Commissioner's Community Council. He is a member of the bioethics committee NYU Langone Hospital – Long Island (formerly Winthrop University Hospital) since 1997. Dobrin currently lives in Westbury, New York with his wife, Lyn. He has three children - Eric, Kori, and Millie - and three grandchildren - MacKenzie, Ryan, and Jordan. Author <mask> has authored, co-authored and edited more than 20 books, including books in ethics and children's books including Spelling God with Two O's, Ethics for Everyone: How to Improve Your Moral Intelligence, and Business Ethics: The Right Way to Riches. He is also the author of more than 100 poems and articles that have appeared in journals, magazines and newspapers.He is also an expert and has a weekly blog on Psychology today called Am I right which explores thoughts and opinions on how to live an ethical life. Together with his wife Lyn, they also write about honeymoons and romantic travel. Awards He is the recipient of Hofstra University's Scholar's Incentive Award, Hofstra University, Allison Kim Levy Continuing Acts of Kindness Memorial Award of the Psychology Department, and the Peter E. Herman Award, for creative work in the literary arts.

Constantina

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<mask> (also named Constantia and Constantiana; ; b. after 307/before 317 – d. 354), later known as Saint Constance, was the eldest daughter of Roman emperor Constantine the Great and his second wife Fausta, daughter of Emperor Maximian. Constantina may have received the title of Augusta by her father, and is venerated as a saint, having developed a medieval legend wildly at variance with what is known of her actual character. Life Some time before mid 320s, <mask> was born to the emperor Constantine and empress Fausta. She was sister to Constantine II, Constans, Constantius II, Helena and half-sister to Crispus. In 335, <mask> married her cousin Hannibalianus, son of Flavius Dalmatius, whom Constantine I had created Rex Regum et Ponticarum Gentium, "King of Kings and Ruler of the Pontic Tribes". After Constantine died, great purges of the imperial family occurred and her husband was executed in 337. For the second time, Constantius II gave Constantina to Hannibalianus' cousin, and her own half cousin Gallus.Gallus was created a Caesar of the East and his name changed to Constantius Gallus to further his legitimacy around 349/350, which also presumably was the time of their marriage. Gallus was twenty-five or twenty-six at the time, whereas <mask> was substantially his senior. Her second marriage produced a daughter Anastasia, whose full name and fate are unknown. <mask> and Constantius Gallus were then sent from Rome to Syria at Antioch to govern that portion of the Eastern Roman Empire. She would not return to Rome until her death. In AD 354, when Constantius called for Gallus, the caesar sent Constantina to her brother, with the purpose to mitigate his position in Constantius' consideration. While on her way to meet with Constantius II, she died at Caeni Gallicani in Bithynia (Asia Minor).The cause of her death was a sudden high fever of unknown cause. Her body was sent back to Rome and entombed near Via Nomentana in a mausoleum her father, Emperor Constantine I, had started building for her. This mausoleum would later become known as the church of Santa Costanza, when Constantina was venerated as saint. Her porphyry sarcophagus is on exhibit in the Vatican Museums. Political role Upon marrying Hannibalianus her father allegedly made her Augusta, however this claim is preserved only by Philostorgius among ancient sources. After her husband was executed in AD 337, Constantina disappeared from the imperial record until AD 350. This was when Magnentius revolted against her brother Constantius II which caused great political upheaval in the Western parts of the empire.This prompted her to become directly involved in the revolt. She encouraged Vetranio to challenge Magnentius, thereby hoping to protect her own interests and preserve her power. Not only did Constantina exercise influence on her own, she was inherently, as a female member of the imperial Roman family, a political tool. As a widow, she could be offered in marriage to secure political alliance. This happened twice. In AD 350, in order to attempt a peaceful compromise by arranging marriage, Magnentius offered to marry Constantina and have Constantius II marry his daughter. But Constantius II refused this offer.Shortly after, in AD 351, Constantius II used Constantina for a different political purpose and gave her in marriage to Constantius Gallus who was made Caesar in the Eastern Roman Empire and they moved to Antioch. The Passio Artemii (12) alleges that the marriage was meant to ensure Gallus' loyalty but it may have had at least as much to do with Constantina who, besides having known power as Constantine's daughter and Hannibalianus' wife, had prompted the opposition of Vetranio to Magnentius, and whose hand had been sought from Constantius by ambassadors of Magnentius himself. The marriage, besides benefiting Constantius, extricated her from a dangerous situation in the empire and placed her in a position from which she might control the younger and inexperienced Caesar, an interest she shared with Constantius. On the other hand, it is possible that Constantius saw the marriage as a way to remove his intrusive — perhaps treasonous — sister from the volatile west. If the mention in the Passio Artemii (11) of letters from Constantina to her brother preserves a genuine tradition, it is possible Constantina even initiated the proposal that she marry Gallus. Gallus ruled over the East from Antioch, and his purpose was to keep under control the Sassanid menace. Gallus, however, alienated the support of his subjects with his arbitrary and merciless rule.Constantina supported her husband. It is in Antioch that Constantina appeared to become politically active in the way typical of imperial Roman women. According to Ammianus Marcellinus, she largely operated hidden from the public view but was still was sinister, brutal and controlling. He suggests that she called for the murder of several people, "Gallus...had just enough strength to reply that most of them had been massacred at the insistence of his wife Constantina". She accepted a necklace as a bribe for securing the execution of a nobleman. In ancient historical sources, she was generally perceived as a cruel and violent but politically dynamic figure. When, after receiving the complaints of the Anthiocheans, Constantius II summoned both Gallus and Constantina, but according to Ammianus <mask>, in her last attempt at using her political power, journeyed ahead to meet with her brother the emperor to try to pacify him in his conflict with her husband Constantius Gallus, during which she died from illness.Character assessment According to Ammianus Marcellinus, <mask> appeared to be extremely cruel and violent. He portrayed her as full of pride and disturbingly violent, "her pride was swollen beyond measure; she was a Fury in mortal form, incessantly adding fuel to her husband's rage, and as thirsty for human blood as he". Later in the 18th century, Edward Gibbon, influenced by Ammianus Marcellinus' rhetoric, likened Constantina to one of the infernal furies tormented with an insatiate thirst of human blood. The historian said that she encouraged the violent nature of Gallus rather than persuading him to show reason and compassion. Gibbon stated that her vanity was accentuated while the gentle qualities of a woman were absent in her makeup when she would have accepted a pearl necklace in return for consenting to the execution of a worthy nobleman. Medieval legend In the Middle Ages, Constantina developed a legend, connected with the life of Agnes of Rome; the origins of this are unclear, though she was certainly buried in a mausoleum, Santa Costanza, attached to the large Constantinian basilica over the catacomb where Agnes is buried. The mausoleum survives largely intact, but now only parts of the wall of the basilica survive.In the version told by the Golden Legend, she caught leprosy, and was then miraculously cured when praying at Agnes' tomb, which is supposed to be at the site of the later Basilica of Sant'Agnese fuori le mura alongside the earlier basilica. (The Ethiopian Synaxarium describes Constantine I sending his sick daughter to Abu Mena to be cured, and credits her with finding Menas' body, after which Constantine ordered the construction of a church at the site.) Constantina took a vow of chastity, and converted her fiancé Gallicanus, and eventually left her wealth to her servants John and Paul for them to spend on Christian works. The story, with considerable elaborations, survives in various literary forms, and as a figure from the life of Agnes, <mask> appears in the late 14th enamelled scenes on the Royal Gold Cup in the British Museum. Cult and recognition of her holiness Her relics were placed by Pope Alexander IV under a new altar. Today, the grave of Constantina is in the church of Santa Costanza, Rome. It was only in the 16th century that Constantina, Attica, and Artemia were placed for the first time in martyrologies.The feast day of <mask> is 18 February. Attica and Artemia are venerated, in addition, on 28 January and 17 February. Together, they are venerated on 25 February and 25 June. Notes References Primary sources Ammianus Marcellinus, Res Gestae Libri XXXI. Secondary sources Vols. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 300s births 310s births 354 deaths Constantinian dynasty Aurelii Flavii Valerii 4th-century Romans 4th-century Christian saints Constantine the Great Late Ancient Christian female saints Saints from Roman Anatolia 4th-century Roman women Augustae Legendary Romans Daughters of Roman emperors

Charles Cabaniss

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<mask> (October 14, 1859 – January 19, 1882) was a midshipman in the United States Navy and early player of American football. Born and raised in Central Virginia, he was appointed to the United States Naval Academy at the age of 16. At the academy, Cabaniss retained average-level grades and was a member of the school's first-ever football team. He graduated in 1880 and was appointed to the USS Swatara. Cabaniss was killed in an accident on the Swatara in 1882 which received coverage throughout much of the Eastern United States. Life At the Naval Academy <mask> was born on October 14, 1859 in Petersburg, Virginia. He grew up in Central Virginia until he was appointed to the United States Naval Academy at the age of sixteen years and eight months.He began classes at the academy on June 21, 1876 and was the only member of his class from Virginia. Cabaniss was an average student while at the Naval Academy; he finished 40th in his class of 69 in his second year, earning near-top marks in drawing and mathematics but very low marks in history and French language. He also spent the mandatory two months and eighteen days at sea. Cabaniss had the fewest demerits of any member of his sophomore class and earned a spot on the academy's summer cruise on the USS Constellation. Cabaniss's academic rankings remained generally the same in his following year at the academy. His scores in drawing, mathematics, and physics were above average, while his merits in French language and history were among the worst. He finished 33rd in the class of 66.He maintained his spot as the most disciplined in his class, earning fewer than half the demerits than the second-best. Cabaniss finished his final year at the Naval Academy ranking 25th out of 61 graduates. The course requirements changed that year; Cabaniss received poor marks in seamanship, tactics, naval tactics, astronomy, and French language, but very high marks in mathematics, electricity, and English composition courses. He maintained his good conduct, earning the second-fewest demerits of any cadet. His rank was Cadet Midshipman. That year, the academy fielded its first competitive football team. Although football had seen some popularity at the school, there had not been an organized effort to establish it.Two different teams were assembled in 1879; only first-classmen (final-year students) were allowed to join the teams. Cabaniss joined the second team as a rusher, the equivalent of a modern-day offensive lineman. He played alongside future admiral Hugh Rodman and eventual Governor of Guam William John Maxwell. The academy's team played one game, a scoreless tie with the nearby Baltimore Athletic Club. Navy's rushers forced the Baltimore A.C. backwards into their own end zone for safeties on three separate occasions, and generally outplayed and overpowered their opponents the entire game. Swatara and death On June 10, 1880, Cabaniss graduated from the academy and was sent home to await his orders. He was assigned on August 17 of that year to the USS Swatara as a part of the Asiatic Squadron.For sixteen months, the ship was docked in Kobe, Japan, during which time Cabaniss earned himself a positive reputation with other sailors. Crew mates described him as always being happy, with an intimidating, six-foot-tall physique but a personality that did not match. His disciplined nature remained; he reportedly was one of the best-behaved sailors, who spent all of his time either carrying out his duties or practicing to be a better officer. Cabaniss was never admonished for shore misconduct, a considerable issue for most other new officers and sailors. He was reportedly a favorite of the superior officers stationed in Kobe, and was appointed to a spot on the admiral's staff as a reward for his conduct. Cabaniss was preparing for an examination for promotion early in February 1882. [[File:<mask>s death New York Times.jpg|thumb|left|The New York Times''' article about Cabaniss' death|alt=A short, one paragraph article written in old type font]] Cabaniss was killed in an accident on board the Swatara on January 19, 1882.An official report of the incident was released on March 25 of that year. According to the report, before-noon exercises on board the ship had just been completed when an order was made to prepare rifles for target practice. At around ten in the morning, Cabaniss was assisting in the instruction of the ship's second group of sailors when he broke off and entered the ship's engine room to instruct a sailor on his duties. An experienced sailor, Ensign James P. Parker, was explaining to new sailors how to properly load their guns. He showed them how to load and discharge the weapons using a practice round. He then reloaded his gun with live rounds, but apparently forgot this and fired one of them. The bullet ricocheted off the ship's deck, struck one of the guns, ricocheted off the deck again, and struck Cabaniss, killing him instantly.The ball first entered through his left arm, impacting it so strongly that it broke every bone in his elbow. It then entered his side, tearing his latissimus dorsi muscle; went into his chest, severing every major artery; ricocheted up to near his shoulder, exited his right side, and struck the man he was instructing in the shoulder. Cabaniss was reported to have never made a sound as he fell. The other sailor recovered. Cabaniss' body was ordered to be embalmed but was not; the damage to his body was so severe that the embalming fluid would leak out. His body was buried in Kobe on February 24 with military honors. The entire crew of the Swatara attended, as well as the entire crew of HMS Flying Fish and many noted Japanese citizens.Ensign Parker reportedly suffered from depression following the accident. Cabaniss' death received significant media coverage in the Eastern United States. The New York Times published an article on its second page, and among other papers that carried the story were the Wilmington Morning Star and the Petersburg Index-Appeal''. References Explanatory notes Footnotes Bibliography External links 1858 births 1882 deaths 19th-century players of American football American football offensive linemen Navy Midshipmen football players Sportspeople from Petersburg, Virginia Players of American football from Virginia United States Naval Academy alumni

Dov Hikind

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<mask> (born June 30, 1950) is an American politician, activist, and radio talk show host in the state of New York. <mask> is a former Democratic New York State Assemblyman representing Brooklyn's Assembly district 48, having held this position for 35 years – from January 1983 until December 2018. Background and family <mask> grew up in a Haredi Jewish family in Williamsburg, Brooklyn, his father being a devout follower of the Vizhnitz Hasidic dynasty. He has a BA from Queens College, and a MA from Brooklyn College. <mask> is married, and has three children: Yoni, Shmuel, and Deena. Yoni and Shmuel both work as social workers in the Jewish community in Brooklyn. Politics <mask> endorsed Michael Bloomberg the first two times he ran for mayor of New York City, then switched his endorsement to the challenger Bill Thompson in the 2009 election.<mask> had broken ranks with his party before, most notably in his endorsement of Republican candidates George Pataki for governor in 1994, George W. Bush, John McCain, Mitt Romney, Donald Trump for president, and Inna Vernikov for New York City Council. Described by the Jewish Telegraphic Agency and The New York Times as a conservative Democrat, <mask> believes that the national party has moved too far to the left, particularly on social issues, for the liking of many of his constituents. His district had long been one of the most conservative districts in New York City. For instance, it gave Donald Trump 69 percent of the vote in 2016, his second-best showing in the entire state; only the Staten Island-based 62nd Assembly District gave him a higher percentage of the vote. In 2012, it gave Romney 75 percent of the vote, his best showing in the state. <mask> expressed interest in the special election for the New York's 9th congressional district seat vacated by Anthony Weiner; <mask> did not expect the Democrats to nominate him, and considered running as a Republican. In 2017, <mask>'s son Yoni ran for the City Council in District 44 against Kalman Yeger, David Greenfield's hand-picked successor who was on the Democratic party line; in order to avoid a primary, the younger <mask> collected petitions to run on his own party line called "Our Neighborhood".In 2018, <mask> retired from the New York State Assembly, proclaiming support for his successor Simcha Eichenstein. <mask> hosts a weekly radio talk show in New York City. Views on issues <mask> is a pro-Israel activist. In the 1980s he was a member of the Jewish Defense League, and a follower of Meir Kahane. In an interview with Robert I. Friedman, <mask> stated that he supported forming a group of "intelligent professionals" to assassinate Nazis and Arab-American supporters of the Palestine Liberation Organization. In 2001, he argued that the Madame Tussauds New York wax museum should remove its wax statue of the Palestinian leader Yassir Arafat, saying that he was a terrorist whose image should not be in New York. Profiling <mask> has advocated for the profiling of Muslims of Middle Eastern and South Asian background as a response to terrorism.In 2005, he sponsored a bill to allow police to focus on Middle-Eastern men in subway bag searches. At a news conference, holding up photos of Muslim men, he said: "The individuals involved [in terrorism] basically look like this. Why must police think twice before examining people of a particular group?" He has described this as "terrorist profiling". Civil rights groups opposed <mask>'s proposal, and the New York City Police Department released a statement against it, saying that "Racial profiling is illegal, of doubtful effectiveness, and against department policy". Following the attempted bombing of Northwest Airlines Flight 253 in December 2009, <mask> introduced a similar bill that would allow law enforcement agencies to consider race and ethnicity as "one of many factors" in selecting persons for anti-terrorism stops and searches. Subway security <mask> was instrumental in arranging for the allocation of $1.2 million in a project that helped to install 120 closed-circuit television security cameras in nine South Brooklyn subway stations that are located in Jewish neighborhoods such as Borough Park, Midwood, Kensington, and Parkville.He stated that the project was prompted by "concerns that the Jewish community would be targeted" by terrorists. <mask> encouraged politicians to do the same in other subway stations, which now lag behind those of his community. The New York Times revealed that the Metropolitan Transportation Authority had granted close to $600 million in funds for security to stations in New York City in late 2002; however, only a small fraction of it had been used productively by 2005. The Passion of the Christ In 2003, <mask> and a group of supporters protested Mel Gibson's film The Passion of the Christ. He led about 50 Jewish leaders and supporters to the Fox News offices in Manhattan in a demonstration, chanting, "The Passion is a lethal weapon against Jews." <mask> was vocal in his anger against the movie, stating: "It will result in anti-Semitism and bigotry. It really takes us back to the Dark Ages ... the Inquisition, the Crusades, all for the so-called sin of the Crucifixion of Jesus."<mask> has commented about "The Passion of the Christ" that, "This is unhealthy for Jews all over the world." United Nations Hikind is part of a group of New York state legislators that has consistently attempted to block plans to renovate the headquarters of the United Nations, calling the UN anti-American and anti-Israel. <mask> criticized President Barack Obama for abstaining on UN Security Council Resolution 2234, which criticized Israeli settlement activity in the occupied West Bank and East Jerusalem, calling the UN a "cesspool". Same-sex marriage After voting against a same-sex marriage bill in the New York State Assembly, <mask> claimed that same-sex marriage can lead to the acceptance of incest, maintaining that, "If we authorize gay marriage in the state of New York, those who want to live and love incestuously will be five steps closer to achieving their goals as well." On June 15, 2011, after the New York State Assembly passed a bill to legalize gay marriage, <mask> said gay marriage is wrong in the eyes of God. David Irving letter On October 20, 2009, at the insistence of <mask> and twelve other New York State and City officeholders in a letter to American Express CEO Kenneth Chenault, the company rescinded its Merchants Agreement with prominent Holocaust denier David Irving. Holocaust high school assignment In response to what he deemed a "stab in the back to Holocaust survivors", <mask> called for the resignation of New York State Education Commissioner MaryEllen Elia on April 3, 2017, for her support of an Oswego High School assignment that asked students to put themselves in Adolf Hitler's shoes to argue for or against the "Final Solution".Elia had defended the assignment as one that allegedly fostered "critical thinking". Incidents involving Hikind Corruption allegations In 1997, <mask> was indicted by the U.S. Attorney for allegedly receiving $40,000 in funding from the Council of Jewish Organizations of Borough Park (COJO) in exchange for hundreds of thousands of dollars in state grant money. <mask> was acquitted, while his co-defendant, an official of the organization, Rabbi Elimelech Naiman, was found guilty. The former operations director of COJO, Paul Chernick, pled guilty in a plea agreement. In 2013, <mask> was alleged to have routinely failed to disclose payments he received from Maimonides Hospital for advertising on his syndicated show. The payments were subsequently investigated by Governor Andrew Cuomo's aborted Moreland Commission. <mask> was accused of arranging jobs in government for friends and family members.In response, <mask> told the New York Daily News that "I help strangers, and I certainly don't discriminate against members of my family". Blackface <mask> wore blackface during the 2013 Purim celebration. He initially defended his costume decision, but eventually apologized. Lawsuit against Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez <mask> filed a lawsuit against U.S. Representative Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez for blocking him on Twitter. On November 4, 2019, it was announced that they settled the lawsuit, with Ocasio-Cortez issuing a statement apologizing for the block. References External links Assemblyman <mask> <mask>'s Official blog "Same as the Old Dov" "Hikind Stands By Call To Employ Racial Profiling In Subway Searches" "Opinion Article About Israelis In School Paper Is Denounced" 1950 births Living people 20th-century American politicians 21st-century American politicians American Orthodox Jews American talk radio hosts American Zionists Jewish American state legislators in New York (state) Members of the New York State Assembly New York (state) Democrats People from Williamsburg, Brooklyn Queens College, City University of New York alumni Vizhnitz (Hasidic dynasty) members

William Seifriz

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<mask> (August 11, 1888 – July 13, 1955) was a Professor of Biology at the University of Pennsylvania and an important figure in the history of plant physiology and plant cell biology. Personal life <mask> was born on August 11, 1888 outside of Washington, D.C. to <mask> M.D. and his wife, both of whom emigrated from Germany in 1887. After <mask> died, <mask>' mother ran a boarding house for scientists from the United States Department of Agriculture. This association with botanists led the young <mask> to pursue the study of botany. After graduating McKinley Technical High School in 1907 as valedictorian, he worked as a laboratory assistant in the United States Department of Agriculture, working on experimental electroculture. After working as a laboratory assistant for three years, he spent one year as a practical student in a shipyard in Bremen, Germany.After returning to America, he spent one year studying law at Georgetown University. Realizing that science would be a worthwhile way for him to accomplish his life's work, he entered The Johns Hopkins University where he was awarded a B.S. honoris causa in 1917 and earned a Ph.D. in botany in 1920. After graduation, <mask> went to Geneva, Switzerland to study cell physiology with Robert Hippolyte Chodat. He continued to do research at Imperial College London and King's College London in England. Then <mask> joined Herbert Freundlich at the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute to learn the techniques he would need to understand the physical properties of protoplasm. <mask> spent time with Ernest Rutherford, Jacobus van't Hoff, Svante Arrhenius, Niels Bohr, Max Planck, Walther Nernst and Max von Laue.In 1932 when he was head of the University of Pennsylvania botanical laboratories, he led an expedition to the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta mountains in Colombia to collect and study flora there. <mask> held 'Philosophical Meetings' at his home Seifriziana to which he invited artists, musicians, scientists, medical doctors, psychologists, and other intellectuals. He loved animals and kept birds, monkeys, donkeys, cats, rabbits, peacocks and a dog. He also collected French porcelain and Italian bronze. He did not have a telephone. <mask> married Myra George when he was 64. <mask> died on July 13, 1955 while collecting botanical specimens near the Chesapeake Bay.<mask> was an Associate Editor for the journal Protoplasma from its founding in 1926 to his death in 1955. He was also an Associate Editor of Journal of Colloid Science and Biodynamica. University life <mask> was a Seessel Fellow at Yale University from 1922 to 1923. He became an instructor at the University of Michigan in 1923 and came to the University of Pennsylvania as a National Research Fellow in 1924 and became a professor of protoplasmatology and plant geography in 1925. Research <mask> was a naturalist and a laboratory scientist who studied the viscoelastic properties and microscopic structure of protoplasm. Using a micromanipulator and microdissection, <mask> showed that protoplasm was non-Newtonian, thixotropic and elastic. <mask> proposed that the physical properties of protoplasm were a consequence of long chain molecules attached to one another like a brush heap.<mask> studied the streaming protoplasm of the slime mold Physarum polycephalum and coined the word, protoplasmatologist for someone who studies the properties of living protoplasm. <mask>' expertise ranged from physics to philosophy. <mask>'s work appeared in Time Magazine. In a review of <mask>' book, Protoplasm, E. O. Kraemer wrote, "Professor <mask> is a versatile scientist. His work on emulsions, gels, and other colloid topics is well known among chemists and physicists, but they may not be aware that Professor <mask> is a member of a botany department and is an active investigator in botany and biology. Professor <mask>'s general attitude toward science, and, in particular, his point of view in his book is typified by the quotation from Descartes with which he introduces his preface: If, therefore, anyone wishes to search out the truth of things in serious earnest, he ought not to select one special science; for all the sciences are conjoined with each other and interdependent." In a review of <mask>' book, The Structure of Protoplasm, C. A. Shull described it as "One of the most important summaries of protoplasmic structure in the English language."Noburô Kamiya worked with <mask>, According to Time Magazine, "Unobtrusively last year into Dr. <mask>' laboratory glided a fragile, gracious, 27-year-old Japanese scientist, Noburo Kamiya. This gifted young man had done postgraduate work in botany at Tokyo's Imperial University, was studying at Giessen in Germany in the fateful summer of 1939. When Germany invaded Poland, the Japanese Government ordered Kamiya to get out. Not stopping for books or clothing, he left posthaste for the U. S. by way of Hamburg and Bergen. He wrote to Dr. <mask>, asking if he could go to work in his laboratory. <mask> welcomed him. "First thing I did," <mask> recalls, "was to lend him a raincoat."Kamiya still has it". Teaching In his lectures in Physics and Chemistry of Protoplasm, <mask> gave not only the facts, but the background of the subject and the lines of thought by which the discoveries have come about. When he lectured on Plants and Climates, he showed slides of photographs that he took while on his many botanical trips throughout the world. Books <mask>, <mask> (1936) Protoplasm. McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York, NY <mask>, <mask> (1938) The Physiology of Plants. John Wiley & Sons, New York, NY <mask>, <mask>, ed. (1942) A Symposium on the Structure of Protoplasm: A Monograph of the American Society of Plant Physiologists.Iowa State College Press, Ames IA Film Seifriz used cinematography to make a movie entitled, Seifriz on Protoplasm, which won prizes at several film festivals and was shown on television. Honors Chamaedorea seifrizii, the Victorian Parlor Palm, was named after <mask>ifriz. References Obituaries External links Chamaedorea seifrizii is a palm native to Mexico and Central America. The specific epithet honors the collector of the type, <mask>. Seifriz on Protoplasm 1954 Protoplasm at Biodiversity Library Protoplasm at archive.org 1888 births 1955 deaths University of Pennsylvania University of Pennsylvania faculty Plant physiologists Plant physiology American botanists

Sebastiano Rossi

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<mask> (born 20 July 1964) is an Italian retired professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper. During a 21-year professional career, he appeared in 346 Serie A games, most notably representing A.C. Milan (12 seasons) with which he won 12 major titles, including five national championships and the 1994 Champions League. Career Cesena <mask> joined his hometown's club, A.C. Cesena, in 1979, at the age of 15. In 1982–83, on loan, he made his senior debuts with A.C. Forlì in the Serie C1, being backup in a relegation-ending season. After two more loans, <mask> returned to Cesena for the 1986–87 campaign, only missing five games as the Emilia-Romagna club promoted to Serie A, and retaining first-choice status in the following three top division seasons, with the team finishing 12th in 1989–90; he made his debut in the competition on 13 September 1987, in a home match against S.S.C. Napoli. Milan After his first season in Italy's top flight, <mask> was noticed by A.C. Milan, and joined the Rossoneri (also dubbed the Dream Team) that dominated Italian football for much of the 1990s.In his debut campaign he backed up Andrea Pazzagli, but the veteran left for Bologna F.C. 1909 in the ensuing summer. <mask> then briefly battled for starting duties with Francesco Antonioli, before becoming Milan's undisputed first-choice goalkeeper, being part of a defensive line that included, amongst others, Mauro Tassotti, Franco Baresi, Alessandro Costacurta and Paolo Maldini, regarded as one of the greatest defensive units of all time. However, unlike the aforementioned defenders, <mask> wasn't selected to represent Italy in the 1994 FIFA World Cup, since former Milan coach Arrigo Sacchi, who was the commissioner of the Italian national team during this time, assigned the three goalkeeping spots to Gianluca Pagliuca, Luca Marchegiani and Luca Bucci. Under Sacchi, <mask> received two international call-ups by the end of 1994, but failed to make a single appearance for his country, although several pundits regarded him as a viable alternative to the then first-choice keeper Pagliuca; he still managed to have a successful club career under the tutelage of Fabio Capello, as the Invincibles went on a 58-match unbeaten run and won four Scudetti in five seasons, as well as the UEFA Champions League in 1994. Following their 1996 Scudetto victory, Milan sharply declined thereafter, finishing 11th in 1997 and tenth in 1998, as <mask>'s own career declined and saw him battling Massimo Taibi for the top spot. During round 17 of the 1998–99 season, Milan were leading A.C. Perugia Calcio 2–0 when they conceded a late penalty.After Hidetoshi Nakata converted it, teammate Cristian Bucchi was struck from behind by <mask> while retrieving the ball from the back of the net. <mask> was sent off and later was punished with a five-match ban. After beating out newcomer Jens Lehmann (who would leave after playing only five matches) for the number-one jersey in 1998–99, <mask> was ultimately usurped by upstart Christian Abbiati, who had replaced him in the Perugia match. Perugia and retirement After the 2001–02 campaign <mask> moved to Perugia, who were facing a goalkeeper crisis at the time. He contributed relatively as the team retained its top level status, then retired at the end of that sole campaign at the age of 39. <mask> made one final appearance for Milan at the San Siro, in a testimonial match for Demetrio Albertini, his teammate for eleven seasons. Subsequently, he worked as goalkeeper coach in the club's youth department.Style of play <mask> was a tall, aggressive and physically strong goalkeeper, who was known mainly for his confidence and command of the area, as well as his handling and ability to come off his line to collect crosses and high balls, due to his height and goalkeeping technique. He was also known for his vocal presence in goal, and his ability to organise his defence. Due to his good reactions, agility, athleticism and solid positioning, he was also an effective shot-stopper, and, despite his height, was gifed acrobatically and capable of getting to ground quickly to parry shots, which made him adept at saving penalties. Despite his talent, he was at times criticised for his volatile, arrogant and controversial character, however, which led him to pick up several cards throughout his career, as well as his tendency to commit occasional costly mistakes, which, along with his height and athleticism, earned him the nickname "l'ascensore umano" (the human lift). Despite not being the most naturally gifted goalkeeper with the ball at his feet, <mask> possessed solid ball skills as well as a deep goal kick, and was also known for his distribution, as well as his pace when rushing off his line, which made him extremely effective in Milan's zonal marking system, and enabled his team to maintain a high defensive line. Records <mask> held the record for the longest streak without conceding a goal in Serie A history. In an 11-match span, from 12 December 1993 to 27 February 1994, he kept a clean sheet for 929 consecutive minutes before being beaten by a long-range strike by U.S. Foggia's Igor Kolyvanov; he surpassed the previous mark set by Dino Zoff in 1972–73 by 26 minutes, and his own record of longest consecutive minutes without conceding was surpassed by Gianluigi Buffon on 20 March 2016, by 45 minutes.<mask> also holds the record for the fewest goals conceded by a goalkeeper during a single 34-match Italian league season, with 11. With 330 appearances for Milan, he is the club's second-most capped keeper of all time, behind only Christian Abbiati (380). Career statistics Honours Milan UEFA Champions League: 1993–94 UEFA Super Cup: 1990, 1994 Intercontinental Cup: 1990 Serie A: 1991–92, 1992–93, 1993–94, 1995–96, 1998–99 Supercoppa Italiana: 1992, 1993, 1994 Individual A.C. Milan Hall of Fame Notes References External links Stats at Lega Serie A Tutto Calciatore profile 1964 births Living people People from Cesena Italian footballers Association football goalkeepers Serie A players Serie B players Serie C players A.C. Cesena players Forlì F.C. players Empoli F.C. players A.C. Milan players A.C. Perugia Calcio players UEFA Champions League winning players

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<mask> (in Ukrainian: Ярослав Олександрович Галан, party nickname Comrade Yaga; 27 July 1902 – 24 October 1949) was a Ukrainian Soviet anti-fascist writer, playwright, publicist, member of the Communist Party of Western Ukraine since 1924, killed by nationalist insurgents in 1949. Biography Early life <mask> was born on 27 July 1902 in Dynów to the family of <mask>, a minor post-office official. As a child he lived and studied in Przemyśl. He enjoyed a large collection of books gathered by his father, and was greatly influenced by the creativity of the Ukrainian socialist writer Ivan Franko. At school, <mask>'s critical thoughts brought him into conflict with priests who taught theology. At the beginning of the First World War his father, along with other "unreliable" elements who sympathized with the Russians, was placed in the Thalerhof internment camp by the Austrian authorities. Eventually Galitzia was taken by the Russians.During the next Austrian offensive, in order to avoid repressions, his mother evacuated the family with the retreating Russian army to Rostov-on-Don, where <mask> studied at the gymnasium and performed in the local theatre. Living there, <mask> witnessed the events of the October Revolution. He became familiar with Lenin’s agitation. Later these events formed the base of his story Unforgettable Days. While in Rostov-on-Don, he discovered the works of Russian writers such as Leo Tolstoy, Maxim Gorky, Vissarion Belinsky, and Anton Chekhov. <mask> often went to the theatre. Thus his obsession with this art was born, which in the future determined his decision to become a playwright.Student years After the war <mask> returned to Galitzia (annexed by Poland), where in 1922 he graduated from the Peremyshl Ukrainian Gymnasium. He then studied at the Triest Higher Trade School in Italy, and in 1922 enrolled in the University of Vienna. In 1926 he transferred to the Jagiellonian University of Kraków, from which he graduated in 1928 (according to some sources he didn't pass the final exams). <mask> then began working as a teacher of the Polish language and literature at a private gymnasium in Lutsk. However, ten months later he was banned from teaching due to political concerns. In his student years <mask> became active in left-wing politics. While at the University of Vienna he became a member of the workers' community Einheit (Unity), overseen by the Communist Party of Austria.From 1924 he proactively participated in the underground national liberation movement, which in the Ukrainian lands of the Second Polish Republic (except of Glitzia being under OUN influence) was headed by the Communist Party of Western Ukraine (CPWU). He joined the CPWU when he was on vacation in Peremyshl. Later, while studying in Kraków, he was elected a deputy chairman of the legal student organization Życie (Life) ruled by the Communist Party of Poland. Creativity and political struggle in Poland In the 1920s, <mask>'s creative activity also began. In 1927 he finished work on his first significant play, Don Quixote from Ettenheim. For the first time he revealed the venality of nationalistic and chauvinistic parties in his play 99% (1930). The theme of class struggle and condemning segregation were actualized in the plays Cargo (1930) and Cell (1932), calling for united actions and class solidarity of Ukrainian, Jewish and Polish proletarians.<mask>'s play 99% was staged by the semi-legal Lviv Workers’ Theatre. On the eve of the premiere, Polish authorities launched a campaign of mass arrest against Western Ukrainian communists, sending them to the Lutsk prison. As the theatre's director and one of the key actors were arrested, the premiere was on the verge of failure. Despite risks of being arrested, the workers continued rehearsing, so that the play was presented with a delay of only one day. About 600 workers attended the premiere; for them, it was a form of protest mobilization against repression and nationalism. <mask> was one of the founders of the Ukrainian proletarian writers’ group Horno. From 1927 to 1932, along with other communist writers and members of the CPWU, he worked for the Lviv-based Ukrainian magazine Vikna, being a member of its editorial board, until it was closed by government censors.Living in the Polish-controlled city of Lviv, <mask> frequently had to earn money by translating novels from German into Polish. In 1932 he moved to Nyzhniy Bereviz, the native village of his wife, located in the Carpathian mountains, close to Kolomyia, and kept working on his own plays, stories and articles there. In the village he spread communist agitation among peasants, creating cells of the International Red Aid and the Committee for Famine Relief. Without opportunities to find work, he lived in the countryside until June 1935, when he was summoned by the CPWU to return to Lviv. <mask> was denied Soviet citizenship in 1935. In 1935, <mask> traveled extensively around Prykarpattia, giving speeches to peasants. He became an experienced propagandist and agitator.Addressing the city workers, <mask> explained to them the main points of Marxist theory. In particular, he held lectures on Friedrich Engels's Socialism: Utopian and Scientific, and Karl Marx's Wage Labour and Capital. Together with the young communist writer Olexa Havryliuk, <mask> organized safe houses, wrote leaflets and proclamations, and transferred illegal literature to Lviv. Throughout his political career the writer was repeatedly persecuted, and twice imprisoned (for the first time in 1934). He was one of the organizers of the Lviv Anti-Fascist Congress of Cultural Workers in May 1936. <mask> also took part in a major political demonstration on 16 April 1936 in Lviv, in which the crowd was fired on by Polish police (in total, thirty workers were killed and two hundred injured). <mask> devoted his story Golden Arch to the memory of fallen comrades.Participation in the Anti-Fascist Congress forced him to escape from Lviv to Warsaw, where he eventually found work at the left-wing newspaper Dziennik Popularny, edited by Wanda Wasilewska. In 1937, the newspaper was closed by the authorities, and on 8 April <mask> was accused of illegal communist activism and sent to prison in Warsaw (later transferred to Lviv). Released in December 1937, <mask> lived in Lviv under strict supervision by the police, and remained unemployed until 1939. In 1937, his elder brother, a member of the CPWU, died in Lviv. After the Communist Party of Poland and the Communist Party of Western Ukraine, as its autonomous organization, were dissolved by the Comintern on trumped-up accusations of spying for Poland in 1938, <mask>'s first wife Anna Henyk (also a member of the CPWU), who was studying at the Kharkiv Medical Institute, USSR, was arrested by the NKVD and executed in the Great Purge. In the Soviet Lviv After the USSR annexed Western Ukraine and Western Belarus in September 1939, <mask> <mask> worked for the newspaper Vilna Ukraina, directed the Maria Zankovetska Theatre, and wrote more than 100 pamphlets and articles on changes taking place in the reunified lands of Western Ukraine. «A group of writers such as <mask> <mask>, Petro Kozlaniuk, Stepan Tudor and Olexa Havryliuk [...] treated the liberation of Western Ukraine [by the Red Army] as a logical conclusion of the policy of the Communist Party, which fought for the reunification of the Ukrainian people.In this, they actively helped the party in word and deed. In return, they have already had experience with Polish prisons and oppression from their fellow countrymen. Now [after it happened] they could breathe a sigh of relief. That is why their smiles were so sincere and celebratory.» Petro Panch, Lviv, Kopernyka str., 42, Vitchyzna, 1960, issue No 2, 172 In November 1939 <mask> went to Kharkiv to try to locate his vanished wife Anna Henyk. Together with the writer Yuri Smolych he came to the dormitory of the

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Medical Institute, and asked the porter for any information about her fate. The porter only gave him back a suitcase with Anna's belongings and said that she had been arrested by the NKVD, in response to which <mask> burst into tears. In June 1941, being a journalist of the newspaper Vilna Ukraina, he took his first professional vacation, in Crimea, but didn't manage to rest for long, as on 22 June Nazi Germany invaded the Soviet Union.War period When the war on the Eastern Front began, <mask> arrived in Kharkiv and went to the military commissariat having a big desire to become a volunteer of the Red Army and to go to the frontline but was denied. He was evacuated to Ufa. In September 1941, Alexander Fadeyev summoned him to Moscow for working at the Polish-language magazine Nowe Horyzonty. In the days of the Battle for Moscow, on 17 October, he was evacuated to Kazan. Later the writer arrived in Saratov, where he served as a radio host at the Taras Shevchenko Radio Station. Then he was a special front-line correspondent of the newspaper Sovietskaya Ukraina, and then Radianska Ukraina. «The majority of his radio-comments have been born spontaneously.He listens to the enemy's radio shows, thinks for a while, then goes to the studio with an open microphone and without any preparations responds, expressing everything what he feels. That was a true radio-battle with all Hitler's propagandists starting from Goebbels, Dietrich, and others. The opportunity to fight like this – immediately, without paper [and censorship] – demonstrates a high confidence given to him by the Government and the Central Committee of the CPSU(b).» Volodymyr Beliayev, Literaturna Ukraina, 1962In 1943, in Moscow, he met his future second wife Maria Krotkova, who was an artist. In October 1943, the publishing house Moscovskiy Bolshevik released the collection of 15 Halan's war stories Front on Air. At the end of the year, <mask> moved to the recently liberated Kharkov and worked there on the frontline radio station Dnipro. During and after the war he was sharply condemning the Ukrainian nationalists – banderivtsi, melnykivtsi, bulbivtsi – as accomplices of the Nazi occupiers. Post-war times In 1946 <mask> <mask> as a correspondent of the Radianska Ukraina newspaper represented the USSR at the Nuremberg trial of Nazi military criminals.<mask> <mask> wrote much about Ukrainian nationalists. In his story What Has No Name he described the OUN crimes: «Fourteen-years-old girl can’t calmly look at meat. She trembles if someone is going to cook cutlets in her presence. A few months ago, on Easter Night, armed people came to a peasant house in a village close to the town of Sarny, and stabbed its inhabitants with knives. The girl having the eyes widened of fear was looking at the agony of her parents. The girl with horror in her eyes was looking at the agony of her parents. One of the gangsters put a knife blade to the child’s neck, but at the last moment a new “idea” came to his mind: “Live in glory to Stepan Bandera!And to avoid you being starved to death we will leave you some food. Guys, slice pork for her!" The "guys" liked such a proposal. In a few minutes a mountain of meat made from the bleeding father and mother grew up in front of the horror-struck girl...» In <mask>'s tragedy Under the Golden Eagle (1947) the writer harshly criticizes the American occupation administration in Western Germany for its rude attempts to prevent Soviet soldiers interned in special camps to return to their homeland. In his play Love at Dawn (1949, published in 1951) he described the triumph of Socialism in the rural areas of Western Ukraine. Often he was focused on counteracting the nationalistic propaganda. Nevertheless, <mask> complained that these "Augean stables" were not his vocation but it had to be done by someone: «I understand: the asenisation work is a necessary and useful work, but why only me?Why should I be the only cesspool cleaner? The reader of our periodicals will involuntarily have the thought that there is only "maniac" <mask>, who has clung to Ukrainian fascism like a drunk clings to the raft, [while] the vast majority of the writers ignore this issue. It isn't needed to be explained what further conclusions the reader will make from this.» From Halan's letter to his friend Yuri Smolych, on 2 January 1948. In his last satirical pamphlets <mask> <mask> criticized the nationalistic and clerical reaction (particularly, the Greek Catholic Church and the anti-Communist doctrine of the Holy See): Their Face (1948), In the service of Satan (1948), In the Face of Facts (1949), Father of Darkness and His Henchmen (1949), The Vatican Idols Thirst for Blood (1949, in Polish), Twilight of the Alien Gods (1948), What Should Not Be Forgotten (1947), The Vatican Without Mask (1949) etc. When the Vatican had discovered that <mask> is going to publish his new anti-clerical pamphlet Father of Darkness and His Henchmen, in July 1949 the Pope Pius XII excommunicated him. In response to this, <mask> wrote a pamphlet I Spit on the Pope, that caused a significant resonance within the Church and among believers. In the pamphlet he ironized on the Decree against Communism released by the Vatican on 1 July, in which the Holy See had threatened to excommunicate all members of the Communist parties and active supporters of the Communists: «My only consolation is that I am not alone: together with me, the Pope excommunicated at least three hundred million people, and with them I once again in full voice declare: I spit on the Pope!» Assassination Yaroslav Halan was assassinated on 24 October 1949 in his home office, which was situated at Hvadiyska street in Lviv.He received eleven blows to the head with an axe. His blood spilled on the manuscript of his new article, Greatness of the Liberated Human, which celebrated the tenth anniversary of the annexation of Western Ukraine with the Ukrainian SSR. The killers – two students of the Lviv Forestry Technical Institute, Ilariy Lukashevych and Mykhailo Stakhur – committed the assassination after receiving the appropriate order from the OUN leadership. On the eve of the murder Lukashevych gained the writer's confidence, so the students were let into the house. They came to the apartment under the pretext of being discriminated against at the university and seeking his help. When Lukashevych gave a signal, Stakhur attacked the writer with the axe. After Stakhur was convinced that <mask> was dead, they tied up the housekeeper and escaped.The Ministry of the State Security (MGB) accused the Ukrainian nationalists of his murder, while the OUN claimed that it was a Soviet provocation in order to start a new wave of repressions against locals. Nikita Khrushchev, the leader of the Ukrainian SSR at that time, took personal control of the investigation. In 1951, the MGB agent Bohdan Stashynsky infiltrated into the OUN underground network and managed to find Stakhur, who himself bragged about the assassination of <mask>. He was arrested on 10 July, and afterwards fully admitted his responsibility for the crime during the trial. According to Stakhur, he did that because of the writer's critical statements on the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists, Ukrainian Insurgent Army and the Vatican. On 16 October 1951 the military tribunal of the Carpathian Military District sentenced Mykhailo Stakhur to death by hanging: the court hall applauded the announcement of the verdict. The verdict was enforced on the same day.Some contemporary Ukrainian historians and journalists put forward the hypothesis that <mask> was killed by the Soviets. However, nowadays the fact of the OUN guilt proved with the numerous pieces of evidence is widely recognized by the vast majority of historians. The assassination of <mask> caused tightening of measures against the nationalist Ukrainian Insurgent Army (UPA), which continued insurgent activities

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against the Soviet power in Western Ukraine. All the leadership of the MGB arrived in Lviv, Pavel Sudoplatov himself worked there for several months. One of the consequences of the murder of <mask> was the elimination of the UPA leader Roman Shukhevych four months later. Evaluations by contemporaries «<mask> <mask> is a talented publicist, was a progressive writer in the past. Nowadays he still is the most advanced one among [local] non-party writers.But he's infected with the Western European bourgeois "spirit". Has little respect for Soviet people. Considers them not civilized enough. But just inwardly. In general terms, he understands the policy of the party, but in his opinion, the party makes great mistakes with regards to peasants in Western Ukraine. <mask> places responsibility for these mistakes on the regional committee of the CPSU(b), local institutions of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and the local Soviet authorities. Believes in Moscow.Doesn't want to join the party (he was advised to) due to being an individualist, and also in order to keep his hands, mind, and words free. He thinks if he joins the party, he will lose this [freedom].» Extract from the report of the literary critic G. Parkhomenko to the Central Committee of the Communist Party (Bolshevik) of Ukraine, 15 December 1947. In 1962, in Toronto, Olexandr Matla, aka Petro Tereschuk, a pro-nationalist historian from the Ukrainian diaspora in Canada, published the brochure History of a Traitor (Yaroslav Halan), in which he accused Halan of being an informer of both Polish and Soviet intelligence services, and of helping them to oppress nationalists and even some pro-Soviet writers from Western Ukraine such as Anton Krushelnytsky, who moved from Lviv to Kharkiv in the 1930s and was killed during the Great Terror. «[<mask>] has used his undeniable publicistic talent to serve the enemy, thereby placing himself outside the Ukrainian people. He has directed his energy and creative mind against his own people and their interests. An outrageous egoist, egocentrist, money lover, slanderer, cynic, provocator, agent of two intelligence services, misanthrope, falsificator, speculator, and an informer are all the characteristics of <mask> <mask>.» Petro Tereschuk, History of a Traitor (Yaroslav Halan), Canadian League for Ukraine's Liberation, Toronto, 1962. «<mask> is an erudite, artist, polemicist, politician and undoubtedly an international-level journalist.I was amazed at his knowledge of the languages: German, French, Italian, Polish, Jewish, Russian. Picking up any newspaper or document he leafs through, reads it and writes something down. I was also surprised by his efficiency in work, interest in everything, an exceptional ability to "seek" and "raise" topics, problems, his persistent work on processing the material.» Yuri Yanovsky, a Ukrainian Soviet writer, who worked with <mask> at the Nuremberg Trial in 1946. «In 1949 I witnessed an unusual event. On October 2 <mask> <mask> spoke in Lviv University. It turned out to be his last speech. We condemned him but his presentation surprised me.He spoke as an intelligent person defending Ukrainian culture. It had nothing to do with the series of his pamphlets “I spit on Pope!” <mask> turned out to be a totally different man. Several days later he was killed.» Mykhailo Horyn, a Ukrainian anti-Communist dissident. Homage In 1954, the movie It Shouldn't Be Forgotten, based on <mask> <mask>'s life events, with Sergei Bondarchuk in the main role was filmed. In 1973, another movie based on the biography of <mask> Until the Last Minute with Vladislav Dvorzhetsky in the main role was released. In 1969, the studio Ukrkinokhronika filmed the documentary Yaroslav Halan about the life of the writer. The Dovzhenko Film Studios, in 1958, filmed <mask>'s work Under the Golden Eagle, but the film wasn't released as "too anti-American".Writer's work The Mountains are Smoking was filmed in 1989 by the Ukrtelefilm studio. In 1962, 1970 and 1976, the USSR Post issued postal envelopes with a portrait of <mask> <mask>. A huge monument to <mask> <mask> was installed in Lviv in 1972. Besides, the square where the monument was situated was named after <mask>. In 1992, on the eve of the Vatican officials’ visit, the local authorities demolished the monument, and its metal was used for constructing a monument to the Prosvita, a nationalist organization which Halan fought with. There was another monument to the writer in the city Park of Culture installed in 1957 and demolished in the 1960s. A monument to Halam also existed in Drohobych, Lviv Region.Demolished in the 1990s. In 1960, <mask>'s personal apartment at Hvardiyska street, 18, where he lived in 1944-1949, was turned into his personal museum. The museum stored writer's personal belongings, documents, and materials about his literary and social activity, publications of his works. In the 1990s, it was under threat of closure, but eventually, it was transformed into the museum Literary Lviv of the First Half of the XX Century. From 1964 to 1991, the Yaroslav Halan Prize was awarded by the Writers' Union of Ukraine for the best propagandistic journalism. In 1979, the Council of Ministers of the Ukrainian SSR established the Yaroslav Halan Scholarship for talented students of the Taras Shevchenko Kyiv State University and Ivan Franko Lviv State University. In the 1970s, in Lviv Region, there was a network of 450 atheist clubs named after <mask> <mask>.<mask>'s works in three volumes were published in Kyiv in 1977–1978. From 1967 to 1987, the Lviv-based publisher Kameniar issued the anti-fascist and anti-clerical almanac Post Named After <mask> <mask>. In total, 22 issues were published. The streets named after <mask> <mask> existed in Kyiv, Kharkiv, Kryvyi Rih, Odesa, Chernihiv, Dnipro, Lviv, Khmelnytskyi, Poltava, Cherkasy, Chernivtsi, Kalush, Nikopol, Uzhgorod, Mukachevo, Berzhany, Korosten, and Novograd Volynskyi but they were renamed within the campaign against the Soviet memorial legacy. In Soviet times, in Saratov, the name of <mask> <mask> was given to the street where he worked at the Taras Shevchenko Radio Station. After the USSR collapsed, the street recovered it historical name Proviantskaya. In Donetsk, Luhansk, Enakievo, Torez, Shostka, and Rostov-on-Don, there are still the streets bearing the name of Halan.The Lviv Regional Theatre of Drama (Drohobych) and Kolomyia Regional Theatre of Drama (Kolomyia) received the name of <mask> <mask>. Renamed in the 1990s. The Ternopil Pedagogical Institute and Lutsk Pedagogical College received the name of Yaroslav Halan. Renamed in the 1990s. The Lviv Regional Library for Adults, established by the Soviet authorities in the Besyadetski Palace building, and Kyiv Regional Library for Youth received the name of <mask> <mask>. Renamed in the 1990s. One of the district libraries in Kharkiv still bears the writer's name.In 1954, the Yaroslav Halan Cinema was built in Lychakiv district, Lviv. Renamed in the 1990s, nowadays abandoned. Halan's name was given to kolkhozes in the following villages: Vuzlove (Radekhiv Raion, Lviv Oblast), Dytiatychi (Mostyska Raion, Lviv Region), Mistky (Pustomyty Raion, Lviv Oblast), Turynka (Zhovkva Raion, Lviv Oblast) Volodymyrivka (Domanivka Raion, Mykolaiv Oblast), Seredniy Bereziv (Kosiv Raion, Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast), Hnylytsi (Pidvolochysk Raion, Ternopil Oblast). The name of Yaroslav Halan was given to a passenger steamer of the Belsky river shipping company, which operated on the Moscow-Ufa line. Currently out of use. In 2012, the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine adopted the resolution About the celebration of the 110th anniversary of the birth of the famous Ukrainian anti-fascist writer <mask> Oleksandrovych <mask>. Moscow: Novosti Press Agency Publishing House, 1975 Reports from Nuremberg.Kyiv: Dnipro Publishers, 1976 People Without a Homeland: Pamphlets. Kyiv: Dnipro Publishers,

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1974 Lest People Forget: Pamphlets, Articles and Reports. Kyiv: Dnipro Publishers, 1986 Spanish Reportajes de Nuremberg. Kyiv: Dnipro Publishers. 1976 German "Nürnberg 1945 : Pamphlete". Kiew: Dnipro, 1975. Russian Favorites.Translation from Ukrainian. Moscow: publishing house Sovetskiy Pisatel, 1951. Favorites. Translation from Ukrainian. Moscow: publishing house Sovetskiy Pisatel, 1952. The Vatican Without a Mask. Translation from Ukrainian.Moscow, publishing house Literaturnaya Gazeta, 1952. Plays. Moscow: Iskusstvo. 1956. With Cross or With Knife: Pamphlets. Moscow: 1962 Light from the East. Translation from Ukrainian.Moscow, publishing house Molodaya Guàrdia, 1954. Favorites. Translation from Ukrainian. Moscow, Goslitizdat, 1958. Ukrainian Favorites. Kyiv: publishing house Radianskyi Pysmennyk, 1951. Works.In 2 volumes. Kyiv: Derzhlitvidav, 1953. Works. In 3 volumes. Kyiv: Derzhlitvidav, 1960. Unfinished Song. Kyiv: Dnipro Publishers.1972. Favorites. Lviv: Shkilna Biblioteka. 1976 Works: Pamphlets and Fayletons. Kyiv:Naukova Dumka. 1980. Works.Kyiv: Naukova Dumka. 1980. Dramas. Lviv: Kameniar. 1981 Favorites. Lviv: Kameniar. 1987.Azerbaijani Ukrainian Stories. Azərnəşr. 1954 External links (English translation) <mask>, <mask>. Reports from Nuremberg. Kyiv: Dnipro Publishers, 1976 (English translation) <mask>. <mask>. I Spit on the Pope!<mask> <mask> on the Internet Encyclopedia of Ukraine <mask> <mask> on the IMDb <mask> <mask> on the WorldCat Identities – books publication statistics and other data <mask> <mask> (as <mask> Galan) on the Google Books Ngram Viewer – frequency of mention in English-language books Bibliography Беляев В., Ёлкин А. Ярослав Галан. – М.: Молодая гвардия, 1971. – (Жизнь замечательных людей) Галан Ярослав: Енциклопедія історії України: Т. 2. Редкол. : В. А. Смолій (голова) та ін. НАН України.Інститут історії України. – Київ 2004, "Наукова думка". . Терещенко Петро. Історія одного зрадника (Ярослва Галан). Торонто: Канадаська ліга за визволення України, 1962. Галан Ярослав, Спогади про письменника, Львiв, вид-во "Каменяр", 1965. Вальо М. А. Ярослав Галан (1902—1949): до 80-річчя з дня народження. Бібліографічний покажчик.– Львів, 1982. Про Ярослава Галана: Спогади, статті. – К., 1987. Ярослав Галан – борець за правду і справедливість: Документи // Український історичний журнал. – 1990. – No. 2—3.Рубльов О. С., Черченко Ю. А. Сталінщина й доля західноукраїнської інтелігенції (20—50-ті роки XX ст.) – К., 1994. Бантышев А. Ф., Ухаль А. М. Убийство на заказ: кто же организовал убийство Ярослава Галана? Опыт независимого расследования. – Ужгород, 2002. Цегельник Я. Славен у віках. Образ Львова у спадщині Я. Галана // Жовтень.– 1982. – No. 3 (449). – С. 72—74. – . "Боротьба трудящихся Львівщини проти Нiмецько-фашистьских загарбників".Львів, вид-во "Вільна Україна", 1949. Буряк Борис, Ярослав Галан. В кн. : Галан Я., Избранное. М., Гослитиздат, 1958, стр. 593–597. Даниленко С., Дорогою ганьби і зради.К., вид-во "Наукова думка", 1970. Довгалюк Петро, В кн. : Галан Я., Твори в трьох томах, К., Держлітвидав, 1960, стр. 5–44. Добрич Володимир, У тіні святого Юра. Львiв, вид-во "Каменяр", 1968. Евдокименко В. Ю., Критика ідейних основ украінського буржуазного націоналізму.К., вид-во "Наукова думка", 1967. Ёлкин Анатолий, Ярослав Галан в борьбе с католической и американской реакцией. "Вестник Ленинградского университета", 1951, No. 10, стр. 85–100. Елкин Анатолий, Ярослав Галан. (Новые материалы.)"Звезда", 1952, No. 7, стр. 163–172. Елкин Анатолий, Библиография противоватиканских работ Я. А. Галана. В кн. : "Вопросы истории религии и атеизма". М., изд-во АН СССР, т.2, 1954, стр. 288–292. Елкин Анатолий, Ярослав Галан. Очерк жизни и творчества. М., изд-во "Советский писатель", 1955. Елкин Анатолий, Степан Тудор. Критико-биографич.очерк. М., изд-во "Советский писатель", 1956. Замлинський Володимир, Шлях чорної зради. Львів, вид-во "Каменяр", 1969. Косач Юрий, Вид феодалізму до неофашизму. Нью-Йорк, 1962. "Людьскоі крові не змити".Книга фактів. К, 1970. Мельничук Ю., Ярослав Галан. Львівске кн. – журн. вид-во, 1953. Млинченко К. М., Зброєю полум'яного слова.К., вид-во АН УССР, 1963. Млот Франтишек, Мешок иуд, или Разговор о клерикализме. Краков, 1911. На польском языке. Полевой Борис. В конце концов. М., изд-во "Советская Россия", 1969."Пост имени Ярослава Галана". Сборник. Львів, вид-во "Каменяр", 1967. "Правда про унію". Документи і матеріяли. Львiв, вид-во "Каменяр", 1968. Терлиця Марко, "Правнуки погані".Киев, изд-во "Радянський письменник", 1960. Терлиця Марко. Націоналістичі скорпіони. Киев, изд-во "Радянський письменник", 1963. "Ті, що канули в пітьму". Львів, вид-во "Каменяр", 1968. Ткачев П. И., Вечный бой.Минск, изд-во БГУ, 1970. Цегельник Яків, В кн. : Галан Ярослав, Спогади про письменника. Львів, вид-во "Каменяр", 1965. Чередниченко В., Націоналізм против націі. К., 1970. References 1902 births 1949 deaths People from Dynów Journalists from Lviv 20th-century Ukrainian writers 20th-century Ukrainian journalists 20th-century Polish dramatists and playwrights 20th-century translators Ukrainian male writers Polish-language writers Ukrainian dramatists and playwrights Soviet dramatists and playwrights Polish male dramatists and playwrights Socialist realism writers Pamphleteers Ukrainian translators Polish translators German–Polish translators Polish publicists Soviet journalists Ukrainian satirists Polish satirists Ukrainian radio journalists Soviet propagandists Stalin Prize winners Ukrainian Austro-Hungarians People from the Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria Jagiellonian University alumni University of Vienna alumni Ukrainian radio presenters Burials at Lychakiv Cemetery Assassinated Ukrainian journalists Assassinated Soviet people Assassinated Ukrainian politicians Anti-fascists Communist Party of Western Ukraine members Ukrainian communists Polish communists Victims of OUN-B killings People murdered in the Soviet

Fritzi Brunette

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<mask> (born Florence Brunet; May 27, 1890 – September 28, 1943) was an American actress. Early years <mask> was born Florence Brunet in Savannah, Georgia, although some sources list her birthname as Florence Simone. She was educated in New York City. Career Brunette made her film debut in the 1912 short A Waiter of Weight, followed by The Joy Ride (1912), and His Neighbor's Wife (1912). Brunette appeared in films such as Unto Those Who Sin (1916), in which she played a working girl of squalor, lured by wealth and luxury, The Woman Thou Gavest Me (1919), While Satan Sleeps (1922), Bells of San Juan (1922), and Camille of the Barbary Coast (1925). In the 1930s and 1940s, Brunette mainly acted in uncredited roles, with her final screen appearance being in You're Telling Me (1942). Personal life Brunette was the third wife of William Robert Daly, a silent film actor and director.Daly, who died around 1935, directed <mask> in many films. After Daly's death, she married Louisville, Kentucky, real estate operator John E. Kley. They resided at 712 North Mansfield Avenue in Los Angeles, California. Brunette possessed one of the most detailed wardrobes in the movie industry. She wore eighteen gowns in Unto Those Who Sin. Death <mask> died after an extended illness at the Motion Picture Country Home at the age of 53 in 1943. Funeral services were conducted from Pierce Brothers Hollywood Chapel, 5959 Santa Monica Boulevard.She was cremated. Filmography The Joy Ride (1912) (as Miss <mask>) His Neighbor's Wife (1912) (as Miss Fritzie) For the Good of All (1912) (as Miss <mask>) Babies Three (1912) Mates and Mis-Mates (1912) .... Mabel Wentworth Her Life's Story (1912) .... Lucy Allen Dora (1912) .... Mary As the Wind Blows (1912) .... The Summer Girl Two Women (1912) .... The Wife On the Danger Line (1912) Was Mabel Cured? (1912) It Happened Thus (1912) .... (1917) .... Kate Taylor And a Still Small Voice (1918) .... Mary Singleton The City of Purple Dreams (1918) .... Esther Strom The Still Alarm (1918) .... 1] This Is the Life (1935) (uncredited) San Francisco (1936) (uncredited) Maid of Salem (1937) (uncredited) ....Bit Part Way Out West (1937) (uncredited) .... Audience at saloon Make Way for Tomorrow (1937) (uncredited) .... Bit Role Souls at Sea (1937) (uncredited) .... Bit Role Wells Fargo (1937) (uncredited) .... Pioneer Woman Disbarred (1939) (uncredited) .... Maid Persons in Hiding (1939) (uncredited) .... Automobile Passenger Stagecoach (1939) (uncredited) .... Bit part The Star Maker (1939) (uncredited) Honeymoon in Bali (1939) .... Secretary $1000 a Touchdown (1939) (uncredited) .... McGlen Wife Edison, the Man (1940) (uncredited) Meet John Doe (1941) (uncredited) ....Bit part You're Telling Me (1942) (uncredited) References Fort Wayne, Indiana Journal-Gazette, Jack O' Diamonds Best On The Card, Tuesday Morning, May 12, 1914, Page 13. Lima, Ohio Times-Democrat, <mask> <mask> Makes Debut Soon, Thursday Evening, March 2, 1916, Page 7. The Los Angeles Times, <mask> <mask>, September 30, 1943, Page A12. The New York Times, <mask> Brunette, September 30, 1943, Page 21. External links 1890 births 1943 deaths American silent film actresses American film actresses Actresses from Georgia (U.S. state) Actors from Savannah, Georgia 20th-century American actresses

Nicholas Toth

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<mask> (born September 22, 1952) is an American archaeologist and paleoanthropologist. He is a Professor in the Cognitive Science Program at Indiana University and is a founder and co-director of the Stone Age Institute. Toth's archaeological and experimental research has focused on the stone tool technology of Early Stone Age hominins who produced Oldowan and Acheulean artifacts which have been discovered across Africa, Asia, the Middle East, and Europe. He is best known for his experimental work, with Kathy Schick, including their work with the bonobo (“pygmy chimpanzee”) Kanzi who they taught to make and use simple stone tools similar to those made by our Early Stone Age ancestors. Early life and education Toth was born and grew up in Cleveland, Ohio. He graduated from Brooklyn High School in 1970 and in 1974 earned a B.A. with distinction in Liberal Arts and Anthropology from Western College in Oxford, Ohio.Toth attended Oxford University, England where he obtained a Post-graduate Diploma with distinction in Prehistoric Archaeology in 1975. From there he went on to study at the University of California, Berkeley, where he obtained an M.A. in Paleoanthropology in 1978, and a Ph.D. in Paleoanthropology in 1982. While at Berkeley he studied with professors Glynn Isaac, J. Desmond Clark, F. Clark Howell, Tim White, Garniss Curtis, and Richard Hay. Toth completed the Flintknapping Field School at Washington State University in 1978, attended the Lithic Microwear Workshop at the University of Chicago in 1980, and received training in Forensic Science at the University of California in 1981. In 1983 he obtained a certificate in Scanning Electron Microscopy from the Royal Microscopial Society, Cambridge University, England. In 2004 Toth completed a course in start-up companies through the Kelly School of Business at Indiana University/Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) and in 2005 he obtained a certificate from the Fundraising School at IUPUI.Marriage to Kathy Schick In the summer of 1976, <mask> met Kathy Schick while the two were working together on an archaeological dig in Ohio. With similar interests and both attending graduate school in Anthropology, they soon began collaborating on their research. <mask> and Schick went on to attend graduate school at the University of California, Berkeley and were married during that time. Their marriage was followed by extended periods of fieldwork at Koobi Fora (East Lake Turkana), Kenya where they conducted research for the next four years under the direction of Berkeley professor Glynn Isaac and Richard Leakey of the National Museum of Kenya. This period was the beginning of a long-term research collaboration between <mask> and Schick which has continued for decades. Academic career Between 1981 and 1984 Toth served as a visiting professor in the Anthropology Departments at Stanford University, the University of California, Berkeley, and the University of Capetown, South Africa. From 1982 to 1986 he was a post-doctoral research scientist at the Institute of Human Origins in Berkeley, Ca., directed by paleoanthropologist Donald Johanson.From 1986 to the present he has been a faculty member in the College of Arts and Sciences at Indiana University, Bloomington, in the Anthropology Department and the Cognitive Science Program, and has served as an adjunct professor in the Biology Department and the Department of Earth and Atmospheric Science. In 1986 he co-founded, with Kathy Schick, the Center for Research into the Anthropological Foundations of Technology (CRAFT) at Indiana University, and together they continue as co-directors of CRAFT. In 2003, the couple founded the Stone Age Institute, a non-profit education and research facility located in Indiana and dedicated to research into human origins. <mask> and Schick continue as co-directors and executive board members of the Stone Age Institute. Over the course of his career Toth has participated in public education programs which help provide children and adults access to educational materials and related media on subjects such as human evolution, archaeology, anthropology, and big history. One such program is a big history project with Kathy Schick titled "Origins: From the Big Bang to the World Wide Web" which began in 2010 with a multi-year museum installation at the Mathers Museum of World Cultures as well as the permanent, multifaceted educational website which has been running since 2010. Another example of Toth's public education projects are the video courses he created for the Big History Project, which is a public education program created by Bill Gates and David Christian.Toth's courses for the project include one titled Introduction to Archaeology and another titled Making Stone Tools, both of which can be viewed free of charge on YouTube or Khan Academy. In addition to participation in programs such as these, Toth and Schick, as directors of the Stone Age Institute, have made pdf files of the research volumes published by the Stone Age Institute Press available as free downloads. Field and laboratory research Toth has engaged in field and laboratory research since the late 1970s, resulting in scientific publications on a variety of topics including human evolution, African prehistory, Paleolithic studies, the evolution of human intelligence, lithic technology, raw materials of antiquity, experimental archaeology, microscopic approaches to archaeology, faunal analysis, and taphonomy, geoarchaeology, ethnoarchaeology, primate studies, history of evolutionary thought, and Big History (studying and teaching history from the Big Bang to recent times). Toth has conducted archaeological field research and studied the lithic assemblages from Oldowan and Acheulean sites including Olduvai Gorge in Tanzania, Dmanisi in the Republic of Georgia, Gona in Ethiopia, Middle Awash in Ethiopia, Nihewan Basin in China, Lake Natron in Tanzania, Ambrona in Spain, and Koobi Fora in Kenya. During investigations at Gona, Ethiopia in 1999, Toth discovered the fossil cranium of a Homo erectus individual which dates to about 1.2 million years ago. In his decades of experimental research into the manufacture and use of early stone tools, Toth has replicated thousands of Oldowan and Acheulean artifacts, many of which he has used in controlled experiments involving such things as cutting through thick hides and the butchering of large animals (all animals used in these studies had died of natural causes, no animals were killed for the purposes of this research). This research revealed that the most important tools to the early stone tool makers may have been the sharp-edged flakes that were removed from the choppers and pebble tools, rather than the choppers and pebble tools themselves, as had been previously supposed.Flake assemblages had been a largely ignored part of archaeological collections from sites of this time period because they were thought to have been a by-product of the manufacture of the more formal choppers and other pebble tools. <mask>’s research supported the idea that these flakes were the simple, highly effective base of early stone tool technology. Research with Kanzi In 1990, <mask> began a long-term collaborative research project, along with Kathy Schick and psychologist Sue Savage-Rumbaugh, to observe the bonobo Kanzi as he learned to make and use stone tools. Over the course of this research, <mask> and Schick worked together to teach Kanzi, by example, to flake stone and use the sharp flakes produced to cut a length of rope that would allow access to a desired food reward. The goal of this research was to compare the products of human tool makers to those of our prehistoric counterparts (which we can see archaeologically through the tools they produced), as well as to those of non-human primates who have not evolved to make stone tools. This research would allow the scientists to investigate what, if any, cognitive and biomechanical adaptations required for stone tool technology may be present in modern day primates. Given a supply of chert for flaking and stone to use as a hammerstone, Kanzi was able to learn to flake stone, yielding sharp flakes that he was able to use to cut through rope and obtain his edible reward.The flakes and cores produced by Kanzi’s efforts were less sophisticated than the earliest stone tools recognized by archaeologists, suggesting that there is probably an earlier stone tool technology that is not recognized archaeologically. Olduvai Gorge Coring Project In 2014, Toth, along with three other principal investigators including Kathy Schick, Jackson Njau, and Ian Stanistreet, began the Olduvai Gorge Coring Project to extract geological cores around the gorge in order to increase our knowledge of the geological history of the Olduvai Gorge area. This coring project is the first of its kind to take place at Olduvai and the project has resulted in the extraction of more than 600 meters of geological cores from 3 different locations around the gorge, with the deepest core resulting in 236 meters of recovered core material. This project more than doubles the known stratigraphic sequence at Olduvai, adding 400,000 years of deposits dating as far back as 2.4 million years ago. The coring project is ongoing, with further coring planned and a variety of researchers analyzing the extracted core material. Honors and distinctions In 1990, <mask>, Kathy Schick, and J. Desmond Clark became the first foreign archaeologists invited to excavate in China since the Peking Man excavations in the 1930s. Toth received Indiana University's annual Outstanding Faculty Award in 1997.Toth was honored with the invitation to deliver the annual Memorial Lecture for the L.S.B. Leakey Foundation in San Francisco in 2001. In 2003 Toth became an Elected Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). In 2019 Toth received an Honorary Doctorate from Tbilisi State University, Republic of Georgia for his contributions to Georgian archaeology. Bibliography Broadfield, D., Yuan, M., Schick, K., & Toth, N. (Eds.). (2010).The Human Brain Evolving: Paleoneurological Studies in Honor of Ralph L. Holloway. Stone Age Institute Press. . Schick, K. D., & Toth, N. P. (Eds.). (2008). The cutting edge: new approaches to the archaeology of human origins. Stone Age Institute Press. . Pickering, T. R., Schick, K. D., & <mask>, N. P. (Eds.).(2007). Breathing life into fossils: taphonomic studies in honor of CK (Bob) Brain. Stone Age Institute Press. . Toth, N. P., & Schick, K. D. (Eds.). (2006). The Oldowan: case studies into the earliest stone age. Stone Age Institute Press. . Schick, K. D., & <mask>, N. P. (1994).Making silent stones speak: Human evolution and the dawn of technology. Simon and Schuster. . References American archaeologists Human evolution theorists UC Berkeley College of Letters and Science alumni Paleoanthropologists Indiana University Bloomington faculty 1952 births Living people Scientists from Cleveland American expatriates in the United Kingdom Western College for Women alumni

Logan Feland

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Major General <mask> (18 August 1869 – 17 July 1936) was a United States Marine Corps general who last served as commanding general of the Department of the Pacific. <mask> served during the Spanish–American War (3rd Kentucky Volunteer Infantry), the occupation of Veracruz (1914) and in World War I, where he was in command of all troops during the Battle of Belleau Wood. Biography <mask> was born in Hopkinsville, Kentucky, on August 18, 1869; he received a B.A. in architecture from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1892. He married Katherine Cordner on February 14, 1907. During the Spanish–American War, he was the captain of Company F, 3rd Kentucky Infantry, from May 31, 1898, until May 16, 1899, when he was honorably mustered out. By virtue of his previous military experience, he was appointed directly to the rank of first lieutenant in the Marine Corps on 1 July 1899.<mask> was promoted to captain, 3 March 1903; to major, 29 August 1916; to lieutenant colonel, 26 March 1917; to colonel 1 July 1918; to brigadier general, 9 March 1919; and to major general, 1 October 1931. In the grades of lieutenant and captain he served with Marine Detachments on , Massachusetts, Indiana, Minnesota, and Montana. Prior to World War I he had more than eight years of foreign duty including service in Panama in 1904 and in 1911; expeditions to Guantanamo Bay in 1904, 1911, 1912, and 1913; San Juan, Puerto Rico, in 1904; service with the Army of Cuban Pacification in 1906; service in Santo Domingan waters in 1912; Culebra in 1914; and the occupation of Vera Cruz, Mexico, in 1914. His home service was equally varied and included duty at Marine Barracks, Washington, D.C., League Island (Philadelphia), Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island, Norfolk, and New York; instruction in submarine mining at the Torpedo Station, Narragansett Bay; teaching in the School of Application, Annapolis, and the Advanced Base School, New London, Connecticut; observation of Army artillery practice at Fortress Monroe, Virginia; the supervising of construction of new barracks at Annapolis; and recruiting in New York. World War I Feland was attached to the 5th Marine Regiment for service in France in World War I and was among the first contingent of American forces which went overseas with General John J. Pershing in May 1917. On his arrival in France, <mask> was made executive officer (XO) of the 5th Marines. When the unit, as part of the 4th Marine Brigade, was thrown into the breach to stem the German advance at Château-Thierry in May 1918, Feland was, as ever, in the thick of the fighting.At Belleau Wood in June 1918 when the halt in the German advance was turned into a retreat, <mask> was given command of all troops in the Wood. For his conspicuous valor on this occasion, he was awarded the Distinguished Service Cross. After his promotion to colonel, <mask> became commanding officer (CO) of the 5th Marine Regiment after the former CO, Wendell Cushing Neville, was promoted to command the 4th Marine Brigade. As such, he led it in the Battles of Soissons, Blanc Mont Ridge and in the Argonne. For his outstanding exploits in the War, <mask> was awarded, in addition to the Distinguished Service Cross mentioned above, the Distinguished Service Medals of both the Army and the Navy, Officer's rank in the Legion of Honor, the Croix de Guerre with bronze star, gold star, and four palms, and was cited in dispatches six times. Upon his return to the United States in May 1919, <mask> was stationed at Headquarters Marine Corps until December when he was detached to command the 2nd Brigade in Santo Domingo. Returning to the United States the following fall, he again joined Headquarters in the capacity of Director of the Division of Operations and Training.He held that post for two years after which he was Assistant to the Major General Commandant for another two years. From November 1926 to February 1927 he was called from his command of the Marine Expeditionary Force at Quantico to head the Eastern Section of the U.S. Mail Guard. In April 1927, <mask> took command of the 2nd Brigade in Nicaragua. After four months in Nicaragua he was transferred to the command of Marine Barracks, Parris Island, South Carolina, which post he held from September 1927 to January 1928. He then returned to Nicaragua and assumed command of the Brigade for a second time, serving there until March 1929. For this second tour in Nicaragua, <mask> was awarded another Distinguished Service Medal. Following a short period at Headquarters after his return from Nicaragua, <mask> was assigned as commanding general of the Department of the Pacific in July 1929.He was serving in that position when he was detached on 25 February 1933. He retired from the Marine Corps on 1 September 1933. <mask> died at Columbus, Ohio, on 17 July 1936. He was buried in Arlington National Cemetery. Awards and honors <mask> is the recipient of the following awards: Award citation The Distinguished Service Cross is presented to Colonel <mask>, U.S. Marine Corps, for extraordinary heroism in action during the operations at Bois de Belleau, June 6–14, 1918. Colonel <mask> distinguished himself by his energy, courage, and disregard for personal safety in voluntarily leading troops into action through heavy artillery and machine-gun fire. His efforts contributed largely to our successes at this point.See also Battle of Belleau Wood Notes References 1869 births 1936 deaths Burials at Arlington National Cemetery MIT School of Architecture and Planning alumni United States Marine Corps generals Recipients of the Distinguished Service Cross (United States) Recipients of the Distinguished Service Medal (US Army) Recipients of the Silver Star Recipients of the Croix de Guerre 1914–1918 (France) Officiers of the Légion d'honneur Recipients of the Navy Distinguished Service Medal American military personnel of the Banana Wars United States Marine Corps personnel of World War I

Charlize Theron

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<mask> ( ; ; born 7 August 1975) is a South African and American actress and producer. One of the world's highest-paid actresses, she is the recipient of various accolades, including an Academy Award, a Screen Actors Guild Award, and a Golden Globe Award. In 2016, Time named her one of the 100 most influential people in the world. <mask> came to international prominence in the 1990s by playing the leading lady in the Hollywood films The Devil's Advocate (1997), Mighty Joe Young (1998), and The Cider House Rules (1999). She received critical acclaim for her portrayal of serial killer Aileen Wuornos in Monster (2003), for which she won the Silver Bear and Academy Award for Best Actress, becoming the first South African to win an Oscar in an acting category. She received another Academy Award nomination for playing a sexually abused woman seeking justice in the drama North Country (2005). <mask> has since starred in several commercially successful action films, including The Italian Job (2003), Hancock (2008), Snow White and the Huntsman (2012), Prometheus (2012), Mad Max: Fury Road (2015), The Fate of the Furious (2017), Atomic Blonde (2017), and The Old Guard (2020).She also received praise for playing troubled women in Jason Reitman's comedy-dramas Young Adult (2011) and Tully (2018), and for portraying Megyn Kelly in the biographical drama Bombshell (2019), receiving a third Academy Award nomination for the last. Since the early 2000s, Theron has ventured into film production with her company Denver and Delilah Productions. She has produced numerous films, in many of which she had a starring role, including The Burning Plain (2008), Dark Places (2015), and Long Shot (2019). Theron became an American citizen in 2007, while retaining her South African citizenship. She has been honoured with a motion picture star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. Early life Theron was born in Benoni, in Transvaal Province (Gauteng Province since 1994) of South Africa, the only child of road constructionists Gerda (née Maritz) and <mask> (27 November 1947 – 21 June 1991). Second Boer War military leader Danie <mask> was her great-great-uncle.She is from an Afrikaner family, and her ancestry includes Dutch as well as French and German. Her French forebears were early Huguenots in South Africa. "Theron" is an Occitan surname (originally spelled Théron) pronounced in Afrikaans as . She grew up on her parents' farm in Benoni, near Johannesburg. On 21 June 1991, Theron's father, an alcoholic, threatened both teenaged Charlize and her mother while drunk, physically attacking her mother and firing a gun at both of them. Theron's mother retrieved her own handgun, shot back and killed him. The shooting was legally adjudged to have been self-defense, and her mother faced no charges.Theron attended Putfontein Primary School (Laerskool Putfontein), a period during which she has said she was not "fitting in". She was frequently unwell with jaundice throughout childhood and the antibiotics she was administered made her upper incisor milk teeth rot (they had to be surgically removed) and teeth did not grow until she was roughly ten years old. At 13, Theron was sent to boarding school and began her studies at the National School of the Arts in Johannesburg. Although Theron is fluent in English, her first language is Afrikaans. Career 1991–1996: Early work Although seeing herself as a dancer, at age 16 Theron won a one-year modelling contract at a local competition in Salerno and moved with her mother to Milan, Italy. After Theron spent a year modelling throughout Europe, she and her mother moved to the US, both New York City and Miami. In New York, she attended the Joffrey Ballet School, where she trained as a ballet dancer until a knee injury closed this career path.As <mask> recalled in 2008: In 1994, <mask> flew to Los Angeles, on a one-way ticket her mother bought for her, intending to work in the film industry. During the initial months there, she lived in a motel with the $300 budget that her mother had given her; she continued receiving cheques from New York and lived "from paycheck to paycheck" to the point of stealing bread from a basket in a restaurant to survive. One day, she went to a Hollywood Boulevard bank to cash a few cheques, including one her mother had sent to help with the rent, but it was rejected because it was out-of-state and she was not an American citizen. Theron argued and pleaded with the bank teller until talent agent John Crosby, who was the next customer behind her, cashed it for her and gave her his business card. Crosby introduced Theron to an acting school, and in 1995 she played her first non-speaking role in the horror film Children of the Corn III: Urban Harvest. Her first speaking role was Helga Svelgen the hitwoman in 2 Days in the Valley (1996), but despite the movie's mixed reviews, attention drew to Theron due to her beauty and the scene where she fought Teri Hatcher's character. Theron feared being typecast as characters similar to Helga and recalled being asked to repeat her performance in the movie during auditions: "A lot of people were saying, 'You should just hit while the iron's hot'[...] But playing the same part over and over doesn't leave you with any longevity.And I knew it was going to be harder for me, because of what I look like, to branch out to different kinds of roles". When auditioning for Showgirls, <mask> was introduced to talent agent J. J. Harris by the co-casting director Johanna Ray. She recalled being surprised at how much faith Harris had in her potential and referred to Harris as her mentor. Harris would find scripts and movies for <mask> in a variety of genres and encouraged her to become a producer. She would be <mask>'s agent for over 15 years until Harris's death. 1997–2002: Breakthrough Larger roles in widely released Hollywood films followed, and her career expanded by the end of the 1990s. In the horror drama The Devil's Advocate (1997), which is credited to be her break-out film, <mask> starred alongside Keanu Reeves and Al Pacino as the haunted wife of an unusually successful lawyer.She subsequently starred in the adventure film Mighty Joe Young (1998) as the friend and protector of a giant mountain gorilla, and in the drama The Cider House Rules (1999), as a woman who seeks an abortion in World War II-era Maine. While Mighty Joe Young flopped at the box office, The Devil's Advocate and The Cider House Rules were commercially successful. She was on the cover of the January 1999 issue of Vanity Fair as the "White Hot Venus". She also appeared on the cover of the May 1999 issue of Playboy magazine, in photos taken several years earlier when she was an unknown model; Theron unsuccessfully sued the magazine for publishing them without her consent. By the early 2000s, Theron continued to steadily take on roles in films such as Reindeer Games (2000), The Yards (2000), The Legend of Bagger Vance (2000), Men of Honor (2000), Sweet November (2001), The Curse of the Jade Scorpion (2001), and Trapped (2002), all of which, despite achieving only limited commercial success, helped to establish her as an actress. On this period in her career, Theron remarked: "I kept finding myself in a place where directors would back me but studios didn't. [I began] a love affair with directors, the ones I really, truly admired.I found myself making really bad movies, too. Reindeer Games was not a good movie, but I did it because I loved [director] John Frankenheimer." 2003–2008: Worldwide recognition and critical success <mask> starred as a safe and vault "technician" in the 2003 heist film The Italian Job, an American homage/remake of the 1969 British film of the same name, directed by F. Gary Gray and opposite Mark Wahlberg, Edward Norton, Jason Statham, Seth Green, and Donald Sutherland. The film was a box office success, grossing US$176 million worldwide. In Monster (2003), <mask> portrayed serial killer Aileen Wuornos, a former prostitute who was executed in Florida in 2002 for killing six men (she was not tried for a seventh murder) in the late 1980s and early 1990s; film critic Roger Ebert felt that <mask> gave "one of the greatest performances in the history of the cinema". For her portrayal, she was awarded the Academy Award for Best Actress at the 76th Academy Awards in February 2004, as well as the Screen Actors Guild Award and the Golden Globe Award. She is the first South African to win an Oscar for Best Actress.The Oscar win pushed her to The Hollywood Reporter's 2006 list of highest-paid actresses in Hollywood, earning up to US$10 million for a film; she ranked seventh. AskMen also named her the number one most desirable woman of 2003. For her role as Swedish actress and singer Britt Ekland in the 2004 HBO film The Life and Death of Peter Sellers, <mask> garnered Golden Globe Award and Primetime Emmy Award nominations. In 2005, she portrayed Rita, the mentally challenged love interest of Michael Bluth (Jason Bateman), on the third season of Fox's television series Arrested Development, and starred in the financially unsuccessful science fiction thriller Aeon Flux; for her voice-over work in the Aeon Flux video game, she received a Spike Video Game Award for Best Performance by a Human Female. In the critically acclaimed drama North Country (2005), <mask> played a single mother and an iron mine worker experiencing sexual harassment. David Rooney of Variety wrote: "The film represents a confident next step for lead <mask> <mask>. Though the challenges of following a career-redefining Oscar role have stymied actresses, Theron segues from Monster to a performance in many ways more accomplished [...] The strength of both the performance and character anchor the film firmly in the tradition of other dramas about working-class women leading the fight over industrial workplace issues, such as Norma Rae or Silkwood."Roger Ebert echoed the same sentiment, calling her "an actress who has the beauty of a fashion model but has found resources within herself for these powerful roles about unglamorous women in the world of men." For her performance, she received Academy Award and Golden Globe Award nominations for Best Actress. Ms. magazine also honoured her for this performance with a feature article in its Fall 2005 issue. On 30 September 2005, <mask> received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. In 2007, Theron played a police detective in the critically acclaimed crime film In the Valley of Elah, and produced and starred as a reckless, slatternly mother in the little-seen drama film Sleepwalking, alongside Nick Stahl and AnnaSophia Robb. The Christian Science Monitor praised the latter film, commenting that "Despite its deficiencies, and the inadequate screen time allotted to <mask> (who's quite good), Sleepwalking has a core of feeling". In 2008, <mask> starred as a woman who faced a traumatic childhood in the drama The Burning Plain, directed by Guillermo Arriaga and opposite Jennifer Lawrence and Kim Basinger, and also played the ex-wife of an alcoholic superhero alongside Will Smith in the superhero film Hancock.The Burning Plain found a limited release in US theaters, but grossed $5,267,917 outside the US. Moreover Hancock made US$624.3 million worldwide. Also in 2008, <mask> was named the Hasty Pudding Theatricals Woman of the Year, and was asked to be a UN Messenger of Peace by the UN Secretary General Ban Ki-moon. During this time she began appearing in J'adore Commercials. 2009–2011: Career hiatus and return to acting Her film releases in 2009 were the post-apocalyptic drama The Road, in which she briefly appears in flashbacks, and the animated film Astro Boy, providing her voice for a character. On 4 December 2009, <mask> co-presented the draw for the 2010 FIFA World Cup in Cape Town, South Africa, accompanied by several other celebrities of South African nationality or ancestry. During rehearsals she drew an Ireland ball instead of France as a joke at the expense of FIFA, referring to Thierry Henry's handball controversy in the play-off match between France and Ireland.The stunt alarmed FIFA enough for it to fear she might do it again in front of a live global audience. Following a two-year hiatus from the big screen, <mask> returned to the spotlight in 2011 with the black comedy Young Adult. Directed by Jason Reitman, the film earned critical acclaim, particularly for her performance as a depressed divorced, alcoholic 37-year-old ghostwriter. Richard Roeper awarded the film an A grade, stating "<mask> <mask> delivers one of the most impressive performances of the year". She was nominated for a Golden Globe Award and several other awards. Roger Ebert called her one of the best actors working today. In 2019, <mask> spoke about her method of working on roles.Creating a physical identity together with the emotional part of the character, she said, is "a great tool set that adds on to everything else you were already doing as an actor. It's a case-by-case thing, but there is, to me, this beautiful thing that happens when you can get both sides: the exterior and interior. It's a really powerful dynamic". When preparing for a role, "I almost treat it like studying. I will find space where I am alone, where I can be focused, where there's nobody in my house, and I can really just sit down and study and play and look at my face and hear my voice and walk around and be a fucking idiot and my dogs are the only ones who are seeing that". 2012–present: Resurgence and further acclaim In 2012, <mask> took on the role of villain in two big-budgeted films. She played Evil Queen Ravenna, Snow White's evil stepmother, in Snow White and the Huntsman, opposite Kristen Stewart and Chris Hemsworth, and appeared as a crew member with a hidden agenda in Ridley Scott's Prometheus.Mick LaSalle of the San Francisco Chronicle found Snow White and the Huntsman to be "[a] slow, boring film that has no charm and is highlighted only by a handful of special effects and <mask> <mask>'s truly evil queen", while The Hollywood Reporter writer Todd McCarthy,

Charlize Theron

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describing her role in Prometheus, asserted: "<mask> is in ice goddess mode here, with the emphasis on ice [...] but perfect for the role all the same". Both films were major box office hits, grossing around US$400 million internationally each. In 2013, Vulture/NYMag named her the 68th Most Valuable Star in Hollywood saying: "We're just happy that <mask> can stay on the list in a year when she didn't come out with anything [...] any actress who's got that kind of skill, beauty, and ferocity ought to have a permanent place in Hollywood". On 10 May 2014, <mask> hosted Saturday Night Live on NBC. In 2014, Theron took on the role of the wife of an infamous outlaw in the western comedy film A Million Ways to Die in the West, directed by Seth MacFarlane, which was met with mediocre reviews and moderate box office returns. In 2015, Theron played the sole survivor of the massacre of her family in the film adaptation of the Gillian Flynn novel Dark Places, directed by Gilles Paquet-Brenner, in which she had a producer credit, and starred as Imperator Furiosa in Mad Max: Fury Road (2015), opposite Tom Hardy. Mad Max received widespread critical acclaim, with praise going towards <mask> for the dominant nature taken by her character.The film made US$378.4 million worldwide. <mask> reprised her role as Queen Ravenna in the 2016 film The Huntsman: Winter's War, a sequel to Snow White and the Huntsman, which was a critical and commercial failure. In 2016, <mask> also starred as a physician and activist working in West Africa in the little-seen romantic drama The Last Face, with Sean Penn, provided her voice for the 3D stop-motion fantasy film Kubo and the Two Strings, and produced the independent drama Brain on Fire. That year, Time named her in the Time 100 list of the most influential people in the world. In 2017, <mask> starred in The Fate of the Furious as the main antagonist of the entire franchise, and played a spy on the eve of the collapse of the Berlin Wall in 1989 in Atomic Blonde, an adaptation of the graphic novel The Coldest City, directed by David Leitch. With a worldwide gross of US$1.2 billion, The Fate of The Furious became Theron's most widely seen film, and Atomic Blonde was described by Richard Roeper of the Chicago Sun-Times as "a slick vehicle for the magnetic, badass charms of <mask> <mask>, who is now officially an A-list action star on the strength of this film and Mad Max: Fury Road". In the black comedy Tully (2018), directed by Jason Reitman and written by Diablo Cody, <mask> played an overwhelmed mother of three.The film was acclaimed by critics, who concluded it "delves into the modern parenthood experience with an admirably deft blend of humor and raw honesty, brought to life by an outstanding performance by <mask> <mask>". She also played the president of a pharmaceutical in the little-seen crime film Gringo and produced the biographical war drama film A Private War, both released in 2018. In 2019, Theron produced and starred in the romantic comedy film Long Shot, opposite Seth Rogen and directed by Jonathan Levine, portraying a U.S. Secretary of State who reconnects with a journalist she used to babysit. The film had its world premiere at South by Southwest in March 2019, and was released on 3 May 2019, to positive reviews from film critics. <mask> next starred as Megyn Kelly in the drama Bombshell, which she also co-produced. Directed by Jay Roach, the film revolves around the sexual harassment allegations made against Fox News CEO Roger Ailes by former female employees. For her work in the film, <mask> was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Actress, Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Drama, Critics' Choice Movie Award for Best Actress, Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Leading Role, and BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role.That year, Forbes ranked her as the ninth highest-paid actress in the world, with an annual income of $23 million. <mask> produced and starred in The Old Guard directed by Gina Prince-Bythewood, opposite KiKi Layne for Netflix, which was released in July 2020. She next reprised her role as Cipher in F9, originally set for release on 22 May 2020, before its delay to June 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. It was announced in February 2021 that she will be playing Lady Lesso in upcoming film The School for Good and Evil (2022). Other ventures Activism The Charlize Theron Africa Outreach Project (CTAOP) was created in 2007 by <mask>, who the following year was named a UN Messenger of Peace, in an effort to support African youth in the fight against HIV/AIDS. The project is committed to supporting community-engaged organizations that address the key drivers of the disease. Although the geographic scope of CTAOP is Sub-Saharan Africa, the primary concentration has mostly been Charlize's home country of South Africa.By November 2017, CTAOP had raised more than $6.3 million to support African organizations working on the ground. In 2008, <mask> was named a United Nations Messenger of Peace. In his citation, Ban Ki-Moon said of <mask> "You have consistently dedicated yourself to improving the lives of women and children in South Africa, and to preventing and stopping violence against women and girls". She recorded a public service announcement in 2014 as part of their Stop Rape Now program. In December 2009, CTAOP and TOMS Shoes partnered to create a limited edition unisex shoe. The shoe was made from vegan materials and inspired by the African baobab tree, the silhouette of which was embroidered on blue and orange canvas. Ten thousand pairs were given to destitute children, and a portion of the proceeds went to CTAOP.In 2020, CTAOP partnered with Parfums Christian Dior to create Dior Stands With Women, an initiative that includes Cara Delevingne, Yalitza Aparicio, Leona Bloom, Paloma Elsesser, and others, to encourage women to be assertive by documenting their journey, challenges and accomplishments. <mask> is involved in women's rights organizations and has marched in pro-choice rallies. <mask> is a supporter of same-sex marriage and attended a march and rally to support that in Fresno, California, on 30 May 2009. She publicly stated that she refused to get married until same sex marriage became legal in the United States, saying: "I don't want to get married because right now the institution of marriage feels very one-sided, and I want to live in a country where we all have equal rights. I think it would be exactly the same if we were married, but for me to go through that kind of ceremony, because I have so many friends who are gays and lesbians who would so badly want to get married, that I wouldn't be able to sleep with myself". <mask> further elaborated on her stance in a June 2011 interview on Piers Morgan Tonight. She stated: "I do have a problem with the fact that our government hasn't stepped up enough to make this federal, to make [gay marriage] legal.I think everybody has that right". In March 2014, CTAOP was among the charities that benefited from the annual Fame and Philanthropy fundraising event on the night of the 86th Academy Awards. <mask> was an honoured guest along with Halle Berry and keynote speaker James Cameron. In 2015, <mask> signed an open letter which One Campaign had been collecting signatures for; the letter was addressed to Angela Merkel and Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma, urging them to focus on women as they serve as the head of the G7 in Germany and the AU in South Africa respectively, which will start to set the priorities in development funding before a main UN summit in September 2015 that will establish new development goals for the generation. In August 2018, she visited South Africa with Trevor Noah and made a donation to the South African charity Life Choices. In 2018, she gave a speech about AIDS prevention at the 22nd International AIDS Conference in Amsterdam, organized by the International AIDS Society. Since 2008, <mask> has been officially recognized as a United Nations Messenger of Peace.Endorsements Having signed a deal with John Galliano in 2004, Theron replaced Estonian model Tiiu Kuik as the spokeswoman in the J'Adore advertisements by Christian Dior. In 2018, she appeared in a new advertisement for Dior J'adore. From October 2005 to December 2006, Theron earned US$3 million for the use of her image in a worldwide print media advertising campaign for Raymond Weil watches. In February 2006, she and her production company were sued by Weil for breach of contract. The lawsuit was settled on 4 November 2008. In 2018, Theron joined Brad Pitt, Daniel Wu and Adam Driver as brand ambassadors for Breitling, dubbed the Breitling Cinema Squad. Personal life In 2007, Theron became a naturalised citizen of the United States, while retaining her South African citizenship.She lives in Los Angeles. <mask> has adopted two children: a daughter, Jackson in March 2012 and another daughter, August, in July 2015. She has been interested in adoption since childhood, when she became aware of orphanages and the overflowing numbers of children in them. In April 2019, <mask> revealed that Jackson, then seven years old, is a transgender girl. She said of her daughters, "They were born who they are[,] and exactly where in the world both of them get to find themselves as they grow up, and who they want to be, is not for me to decide". She is inspired by actresses Susan Sarandon and Sigourney Weaver. She has described her admiration for Tom Hanks as a "love affair" and watched many of his movies throughout her youth.Hollywood actors were never featured in magazines in South Africa so she never knew how famous she was until she moved to the United States, which has been inferred as a factor to her "down-to-earth" attitude to fame. After filming for That Thing You Do! finished, <mask> got Hanks' autograph on her script. She later presented him his Cecil B. DeMille Award in 2020, in which Hanks revealed that he had a mutual admiration for <mask>'s career since the day he met her. <mask> said in 2018 that she went to therapy in her thirties because of anger, discovering that it was due to her frustration growing up during South Africa's apartheid, which ended when she was 15. Relationships Theron's first public relationship was with actor Craig Bierko, whom she dated from 1995 to 1997. <mask> was in a three-year relationship with singer Stephan Jenkins until October 2001.Some of Third Eye Blind's third album, Out of the Vein, explores the emotions Jenkins experienced as a result of their breakup. <mask> began a relationship with Irish actor Stuart Townsend in 2001 after meeting him on the set of Trapped. The couple lived together in Los Angeles and Ireland. The couple split up in late 2009. In December 2013, <mask> began dating American actor Sean Penn. The relationship ended in June 2015. Health concerns <mask> often quips that she has more injuries on sets that are not action films; however, while filming Æon Flux in Berlin, Theron suffered a herniated disc in her neck, caused by a fall while filming a series of back handsprings.It required her to wear a neck brace for a month. Her thumb ligament tore during The Old Guard when her thumb caught in another actor's jacket during a fight scene, which required three operations and six months in a thumb brace. There were no major injuries during the filming of Atomic Blonde but she broke teeth from jaw clenching and had dental surgery to remove them: "I had the removal and I had to put a donor bone in there to heal until I came back, and then I had another surgery to put a metal screw in there." Outside of action films, she had a herniated disk in her lower back as she filmed Tully and also suffered from a depression-like state, which she theorised was the result from the processed food she had to eat for her character's post-natal body. In July 2009, she was diagnosed with a serious stomach virus, thought to be contracted while overseas. While filming The Road, <mask> injured her vocal cords during the labour screaming scenes. On her first modelling job in Morocco, the camel she sat on smacked its head into her jaw, causing two dislocations.When promoting Long Shot, she revealed that she laughed so hard at Borat that her neck locked for five days. Then she added that on the set of Long Shot she "ended up in the ER" after knocking her head against a bench behind her when she was putting on knee pads. Filmography and accolades As of early 2020, <mask>'s extensive film work has earned her 100 award nominations and 39 wins. References External links (Verified Twitter account) from at AskMen at Emmys.com at Aveleyman at the SAG-AFTRA Foundation 1975 births 20th-century American actresses 20th-century South African actresses 21st-century American actresses 21st-century South African actresses Afrikaner people American abortion-rights activists American female models American film actresses American film producers American people of Afrikaner descent American people of Dutch descent American people of French descent American people of German descent American television actresses American voice actresses American women film producers American women's rights activists Best Actress Academy Award winners Best Drama Actress Golden Globe (film) winners HIV/AIDS activists Independent Spirit Award for Best Female Lead winners Living people Naturalized citizens of the United States Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Leading Role Screen Actors Guild Award winners People from Benoni Silver Bear for Best Actress winners South African emigrants to the United States South African female models South African film actresses South African film producers South African humanitarians South African people of Dutch descent South African people of French descent South African people of German descent South African television actresses South African voice actresses South African women activists South African women's rights activists United Nations Messengers of Peace Women

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<mask> (born July 22, 1982) is a Canadian retired mixed martial artist who competed in the Featherweight division for the Ultimate Fighting Championship where he was the inaugural Featherweight title challenger, the WEC, and Affliction. He is also a former TKO Featherweight Champion. He was well known for his outstanding boxing skills and very accurate punching techniques, often utilizing the jab. Background As a teen he attended Ingersoll District Collegiate Institute. He was trained by the late MMA striking coach Shawn Tompkins with Sam Stout at The Adrenaline Training Center in London, Ontario, where he also works as an instructor. Nowadays he owns the training center alongside with Stout and Chris Horodecki. Mixed martial arts career Ultimate Fighting Championship Hominick made his UFC debut against former top lightweight Yves Edwards at UFC 58.Hominick defeated Edwards via triangle choke in the second round. Hominick next fought BJJ black belt Jorge Gurgel at UFC Ultimate Fight Night 5. He won by unanimous decision. World Extreme Cagefighting Hominick lost his first two WEC bouts back to back with first round submission losses to Rani Yahya and Josh Grispi at WEC 28 and WEC 32 respectively. He was scheduled to fight Deividas Taurosevičius on October 10, 2009 at WEC 43., but was forced to withdraw due to an injury and was replaced by Javier Vazquez. Hominick was scheduled to face Yves Jabouin on January 10, 2010 at WEC 46, but Jabouin was forced off the card with an injury. Hominick instead faced WEC newcomer Bryan Caraway, winning via first round submission.The fight eventually took place on June 20, 2010 at WEC 49. Hominick won via TKO in the second round. They both won a Sherdog award for best round of 2010. Hominick faced Leonard Garcia on September 30, 2010 at WEC 51. He won the fight via split decision. Return to UFC On October 28, 2010, World Extreme Cagefighting merged with the Ultimate Fighting Championship. As part of the merger, all WEC fighters were transferred to the UFC.Hominick faced former training partner, George Roop on January 22, 2011 at UFC Fight Night 23 in a top contender bout. Hominick stopped Roop via punches in the first round. Hominick faced UFC Featherweight Champion José Aldo on April 30, 2011 at UFC 129, where he lost via unanimous decision (48–45, 48–46, and 49–46) in a bout that earned Fight of the Night honors. Hominick faced Chan Sung Jung on December 10, 2011 at UFC 140. Hominick attempted to recklessly attack Jung immediately after touching gloves and was dropped with a counter right. Jung followed up with punches until Hominick went limp and the referee brought an end to the fight, tying one of the fastest KOs in the UFC. Hominick faced Eddie Yagin on April 21, 2012 at UFC 145.Hominick lost the fight via split decision, in a bout that earned both participants Fight of the Night honors. Hominick faced Pablo Garza on November 17, 2012 at UFC 154. He lost the fight by unanimous decision. After the loss at UFC 154, Hominick announced his retirement on December 11, 2012, stating "I truly got to live my passion and follow my dreams by competing in mixed martial arts, especially under the Zuffa banner, but UFC 154, that's the last fight I'll be in the octagon, as I'm retiring and looking to move on to the next phase of my career." Personal life Hominick attended I.D.C.I school in Ingersoll, Ontario. Hominick married in December 2009. They have two children.<mask> has been involved with several other UFC fighters (Sean Pierson, Sam Stout, and Matt Mitrione) as part of a Toronto area anti-bullying program.

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<mask> (; born November 29, 1940) is an American flugelhorn player, voice actor, trumpeter and composer. He came to prominence as a member of Art Blakey's band in the 1960s, and later co-led the Jazz Brothers with his brother, Gap. He achieved international success in 1977 with his jazz-pop single "Feels So Good". Mangione has released more than 30 albums since 1960. Early life and career Mangione was born and raised in Rochester, New York, United States. With his pianist brother Gap, they led the Mangione Brothers Sextet/Quintet, which recorded three albums for Riverside Records, before Mangione branched out into other work. He attended the Eastman School of Music from 1958 to 1963, then joined Art Blakey's Jazz Messengers, for which he filled the trumpet chair previously held by Clifford Brown, Freddie Hubbard, Kenny Dorham, Bill Hardman, and Lee Morgan.In the late 1960s, Mangione was a member of the band The National Gallery, which in 1968 released the album Performing Musical Interpretations of the Paintings of Paul Klee. Mangione served as director of the Eastman jazz ensemble from 1968 to 1972. In 1970, he returned to recording with the album Friends and Love, recorded in concert with the Rochester Philharmonic Orchestra and guest performers. Mangione's quartet with saxophonist Gerry Niewood was a popular concert and recording act throughout the 1970s. "Bellavia", recorded during this collaboration, won Mangione his first Grammy Award in 1977 in the category Best Instrumental Composition. Mangione's composition "Chase the Clouds Away" was used at the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal, Quebec. His composition "Give It All You Got" was the theme to the 1980 Winter Olympic Games in Lake Placid, New York.He performed it live on a global television broadcast at the closing ceremonies. In 1978, Mangione composed the soundtrack for the film The Children of Sanchez starring Anthony Quinn. This album won him his second Grammy, in the category Best Pop Instrumental performance in 1979. The title song's full version was almost 15 minutes long and featured a wind section theme. In 1981, Mangione composed and performed the theme for the film The Cannonball Run. In addition to his quartet with Niewood, Mangione had much success with his later-1970s ensemble, with Chris Vadala on saxophones and flutes, Grant Geissman on guitars, Charles Meeks on bass guitar, and James Bradley Jr. on drums. This version of Mangione's band recorded and toured behind the hit studio albums Feels So Good and Fun and Games and the Children of Sanchez soundtrack.Some band members participated in the "Tarantella" benefit concert in 1980. The band was also featured with a 70-piece orchestra on the live album An Evening of Magic, which was recorded at the Hollywood Bowl on July 16, 1978, at the height of Mangione's success from "Feels So Good". Performances of material new and old included versions of "Main Squeeze", "Hill Where the Lord Hides", and "Chase the Clouds Away". Mangione opened and closed the show with "Feels So Good" and its "Reprise" version. "B' Bye" featured a string arrangement from Bill Reichenbach. The horns were arranged by frequent collaborator Jeff Tyzik, who also played trumpet in the horn section that night. Mangione played material from the just-released "Children of Sanchez" soundtrack album, which made its West Coast concert debut.The liner notes from the album describe the frenzy in which the performance was put together. Unable to set up on stage the day before (The Los Angeles Philharmonic played the "1812 Overture" on July 15), Mangione and his crew had only the day of show to set up lights, sound and recording gear. He had only nine hours the day before to rehearse at A&M studios with the orchestra's musicians and was never able to run through the entire set list once in its entirety. He and the band stayed at a hotel up the street from the Bowl to make sure they would not miss the performance due to snarled traffic pouring in as showtime neared. Nevertheless, the show went off without a hitch. In December 1980, Mangione held a benefit concert in the Americana Hotel Ballroom in Rochester, to benefit the victims of an earthquake in Italy. The nine-hour concert included jazz performers Chick Corea, Steve Gadd and Dizzy Gillespie, among a host of other session and concert musicians.Soon thereafter, A&M released Tarantella, named for the Italian traditional dance, a vinyl album of some of the concert's exceptional moments, which has not yet been released as a CD. A 1980 issue of Current Biography called "Feels So Good" the most recognized tune since "Michelle" by The Beatles. He raised over $50,000 for St. John's Nursing Home at his 60th Birthday Bash Concert at the Eastman Theatre and played a few bars of "Feels So Good". In 1997, Mangione did a session with Les Paul. Mangione was told of how he beat out Paul for the 'Album of the Year' award. Acting career and television appearances In addition to music, Mangione has made a few appearances in television shows. In the Magnum, P.I.episode "Paradise Blues", <mask>e portrays a fellow night club act along with TC's (Roger E. Mosley's) former girlfriend. He performed two singles and has lines near the end of the show. In 1988, Mangione appeared on the hit family TV show: Sharon, Lois & Bram's Elephant Show as "Little Boy Blue" playing his famous song. Mangione had a recurring voice-acting role on the animated television series King of the Hill. In it he portrays himself as a celebrity spokesman for Mega Lo Mart, almost always wearing the white and red jacket from the cover of his Feels So Good album. The first episode of King of the Hill with Mangione originally aired on February 16, 1997. The episode featured an original score specifically recorded for the occasion.He continued to appear in episodes, a total of ten more up until 2003. In the context of the series, Mangione chafes under an oppressive spokesperson contract with Mega Lo Mart (his contract had him appearing at every Mega-Lo store opening, some 400 per year, leaving him no time to tour, record or be with his family). He eventually goes into hiding inside their store in Arlen, Texas, the fictional town in which King of the Hill is set. Mangione is discovered by Dale Gribble, who keeps his secret, in the episode "Mega-Lo Dale." After a long hiatus, the character of <mask>e returned in May 2007 in an episode titled "Lucky's Wedding Suit". A recurring joke is that whatever tune he plays on his flugelhorn inevitably shifts into "Feels So Good" after a few bars. The series finale in 2009 included Mangione one last time, playing the National Anthem which segued into "Feels So Good".After the Mega Lo Mart blows up, Mangione states during a group therapy session that "Every song I play now sounds like 'Feels So Good'." In homage to the series, Mangione's album Everything For Love contains a track titled "Peggy Hill". Mangione's band Two members of the band, Gerry Niewood and Coleman Mellett, were among those killed when Continental Airlines Flight 3407 crashed into a house in the vicinity of Buffalo, New York, on February 12, 2009. In a statement Mangione said: "I'm in shock over the horrible, heartbreaking tragedy." Discography Riverside Records The Mangione Brothers Sextet: The Jazz Brothers (Riverside RLP-9335, August 1960; CD reissue: OJC CD-997, 1998) The Jazz Brothers: Hey Baby! (Riverside RLP-9371, March 1961; CD reissue: OJC CD-668, 1991) The Jazz Brothers: Spring Fever with Sal Nistico (Riverside RLP-9405, November 1961; CD reissue: OJC CD-769, 1993) Recuerdo with Joe Romano (Jazzland JLP-984, 1962; CD reissue: OJC CD-495, 1990) Jazz Brother (Milestone M-47042, 1977) 2-LP compilation Mercury Records Friends & Love...A <mask>e Concert (Mercury SRM-2-800, 1970) 2-LP Together: A New <mask>gione Concert (Mercury SRM-2-7501, 1971) 2-LP The <mask>e Quartet (Mercury SRM-1-631, 1972) <mask>e Quartet: Alive! 6) (A&M/PolyGram 212 502, 1987) compilation Greatest Hits (Backlot Series) (A&M/PolyGram 540 514, 1996) compilation Chuck Mangione's Finest Hour (Verve/Universal 490 670, 2000) compilation The Best of Chuck Mangione (20th Century Masters/The Millennium Collection) (Chronicles/A&M/Universal 493 385, 2002) compilation Chuck Mangione: 5 Original Albums (A&M/Universal [EU] 537 656, 2017) 5-CD set; includes Chase the Clouds Away, Main Squeeze, Feels So Good, Fun and Games, and 70 Miles Young.Columbia Records Love Notes (Columbia FC 38101, 1982) Journey to a Rainbow (Columbia FC 38686, 1983) Disguise (Columbia FC 39479, 1984) Save Tonight for Me (Columbia FC 40254, 1986) Eyes of the Veiled Temptress (Columbia FC 40984, 1988) The Best of <mask>e (Legacy/Columbia CK 86345, 2004) compilation Other labels Live at the Village Gate (Feels So Good FSC-001, 1989) 2-CD The Boys from Rochester with Steve Gadd, Joe Romano, Gap Mangione, Frank Pullara (Feels So Good FSC-9002, 1989) 2-CD Greatest Hits [live] (Feels So Good FSG-9004, 1991) The Hat's Back (<mask> Mangione/Gates Music 1001, 1994) Together Forever with Steve Gadd (Chuck Mangione/Gates Music 1002, 1994) Live at the Village Gate, Vol. 1 (Pro-Arte 001, 1995) reissue Live at the Village Gate, Vol. 2 (Pro-Arte 002, 1995) reissue The Feeling's Back (Chesky JD-184, 1999) Everything for Love (Chesky JD-199, 2000) Keep in Sight (Tidal, 2019) With Art Blakey & The Jazz Messengers Buttercorn Lady [live] (Limelight LS-86034, 1966) Hold On, I'm Coming (Limelight LS-86038, 1966) References External links – official site 1940 births Living people American jazz flugelhornists American jazz trumpeters American male trumpeters American people of Italian descent A&M Records artists Chesky Records artists Columbia Records artists Eastman School of Music alumni Grammy Award winners The Jazz Messengers members Musicians from Rochester, New York Mercury Records artists Smooth jazz musicians Jazz musicians from New York (state) American male jazz musicians Mangione family

Frederick James Jobson

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Rev. <mask> D.D. (6 July 1812 – 4 Jan 1881) - commonly styled F. J<mask> - painter, architect and Wesleyan Methodist minister, became President of the Methodist Conference in 1869, and Treasurer of the Wesleyan Methodist Foreign Mission Society, 1869–1882. Alongside his important role in encouraging Methodist architecture, he was the author of devotional, architectural, biographical and travel books - which, combined with his role superintending the Wesleyan Methodist Magazine for over a decade and related duties - led to a great expansion of Methodist publishing. His topographical paintings provide a further legacy. Early life F. J<mask>, son of <mask> and Elizabeth Caborn (b. 20 November 1786, Beverley), was born in 1812, three years before the end of the Napoleonic wars, while his father was serving in the North Lincoln Militia and his parents were stationed at Essex and elsewhere in England.Brought up in Lincoln, on leaving school he served an apprenticeship to <mask> Willson (1787–1854), architect, antiquary and politician of Lincoln. However, an enthusiasm for the Wesleyan Methodist ministry, led him to retrain, and in 1834 he entered the Wesleyan Methodist ministry as pastor at Patrington, East Riding of Yorkshire. A year later he moved to a chapel in Manchester for a brief period (1835–7) whereupon he was invited to the Isle of Man to give the first Sunday address in the newly opened chapel at Douglas, then on to the City Road Chapel, London, as an assistant minister with circuit work, serving three terms, each of three years at City Road Chapel. Much of what is known of Jobson's early life, his brothers and sisters, relatives and parentage results from a detailed biographical account of the life and upbringing of his mother, who was major influence on his life. This, he published in 1855, under the title A Mother's Portrait. It provides a first-hand account of early Methodism in Lincoln, in the early nineteenth century. <mask> recalled, in the book, that it should be remembered that it required some degree of moral heroism to become a Methodist, at the time father and mother joined the Society.I well recollect that when a child at school I was taunted with the name on their account. Travels abroad After about twenty years–in May 1856, with Dr. John Hannah–he was sent as one of the representatives of the British Wesleyan Conference, to the Methodist Episcopal Conference at Indianapolis in the USA. While there, he was awarded the honorary degree of D.D. After his return to Britain, he was sent abroad, by the English Wesleyan Conference - this time to the Australian Wesleyan Conference at Sydney (January 1861), and was accompanied by his wife. During this visit his host was Alexander McArthur. As a keen observer of the places through which this journey took him, he kept a travel diary. On his return to England in 1862, he published this account of his journey under the title, Australia, with Notes by the way of Egypt, Ceylon, Bombay, and the Holy Land.In this he described how, on 18 February, he "crossed the Harbour of the North Shore ... to view from the highest elevation on that side of the water... turning our backs upon this vision of the wilderness ... we had, perhaps the grandest panorama of Sydney that can be obtained from any point of view". His painting of this view became one of several topographical scenes he completed on his trip; a chromolithograph of this view was used with some variations in his book. In 1866, the death at sea of friends he had met while in Australia - Rev. <mask> Draper (1810–1866) and his wife - he led him to published an account of their lives and tragedy. Architectural interests Before <mask>'s travels to America and Australia, he had become a recognised author, and an authority on Nonconformist, and in particular Wesleyan, chapel design. This recognition had been secured following publication of his best-known book, Chapel and School Architecture as Appropriate to the Buildings of Nonconformists Particularly to Those of the Wesleyan Methodists: With Practical Directions for the Erection of Chapels and School-Houses (1850). In this book he maintained that chapels are not meant to be designed to look like concert halls.He regarded Neo-Gothic with a degree of praise, and adapted its medieval designs to the traditions and needs of nineteenth-century Independent or Nonconformist chapels. Externally, a greater use of brick and design elements not generally acceptable in Anglican Neo-Gothic, could be promoted in the Neo-Gothic of Nonconformist chapels. In this, the Dissenting Gothic style, the central aisle (a key feature of Anglican churches) was ruled out; as was the choir and apse. These and other modifications contributed to simplicity of interior design and internally, the most important focal point was the pulpit as required by dissenting congregations. Due to the presence of women preachers in some Nonconformist chapels (entirely absent from Anglican churches), panels called 'modesty boards' were sometimes introduced into Dissenting Gothic pulpit designs. Seating arrangements took several forms, including sometimes being raised. <mask>'s knowledge of architecture proved particularly useful to him in his relations with the Wesleyans' commissioning around 1850 of a Normal Training College at Westminster; their opening in 1851 of new premises for Wesley's Kingswood School in Bath, Somerset, founded in 1748; and also the Wesleyan Theological Institution, Richmond that opened in 1843 when students transferred from Abney House.All of these constructions, he took an active interest. Writing and publications In Britain by 1864, <mask> was appointed to take charge of Methodist publications. He became book steward of the Wesleyan Methodist organisation, and under his management the publishing department was greatly developed, and he superintended the Wesleyan Methodist Magazine for twelve years. During this period, he was elected President of the Wesleyan Methodist Conference (in the late 1860s); and was also appointed Treasurer of the Wesleyan Methodist Foreign Missions Society, 1869–1882. He also took a keen role in the Wesleyan Society for Securing the Repeal of the Contagious Diseases Acts which supported Josephine Butler's crusading work for women. Besides several devotional works, and published sermons, <mask> was author of: Chapel and School Architecture, 1850 A Mother's Portrait, 1855 America and American Methodism, 1857 The Method of Man's Reconciliation With God (with John Hannah), 1857 The Servant of his Generation... a tribute to Dr Bunting, 1858 Australia, with notes by the way on Egypt, Ceylon, Bombay and the Holy Land, 1862 Perfect Love for Christian Believers, 1864 Serious Truths for Consideration, 1864 Visible Union with the Church of Christ, 1864 The Shipwrecked Minister and His Drowning Charge, 1866 Verbatim Report of the Speeches of Revs. W. M. Punshon...George Osborn...F. J. Jobson...[and others] at the Meeting Held in...the Cannon Street Hotel, on Friday, 5 March 1875 (Wesleyan Society for Securing the Repeal of the Contagious Diseases Acts), 1875.Paintings <mask>'s watercolour paintings of architectural and topographical scenes include the following examples from his Australian studies: Death & legacy F. J<mask> died at 21 Highbury Place, Holloway Road, London, on 4 January 1881. His funeral sermon was preached at Wesley's Chapel, London, on 9 February, and he was buried in Highgate Cemetery on 8 January. One biographer described him as a "large hearted and catholic-spirited man, and is the acknowledged friend of prominent men in the Established Church and of non-conformist ministers". A number of his sermons were published in Life of F. J<mask> by Rev Benjamin Gregory (London: 1884). Further background about his life was published in Recollections of Seventy Years (1888) by the African-American Methodist minister Daniel Alexander Payne D.D. LL.D; and by the Chartist radical and writer Thomas Cooper in his autobiography (dedicated to <mask>), published in 1857. Notes References Harper's Weekly 11 September 1869 (with portrait) Illustrated London News, Supplement, 14 August 1867 p165 Attribution 1812 births 1881 deaths People from Lincoln, England English Methodist ministers Methodist Church of Great Britain people 19th-century Methodist ministers Presidents of the Methodist Conference

Nathan Hale

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<mask> (June 6, 1755 – September 22, 1776) was an American Patriot, soldier and spy for the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War. He volunteered for an intelligence-gathering mission in New York City but was captured by the British and executed. <mask> is considered an American hero and in 1985 was officially designated the state hero of Connecticut. Early life and family <mask> was born in Coventry, Connecticut, in 1755, to <mask> and Elizabeth Strong, a descendant of Elder John Strong. He was a great-grandson of Reverend <mask>, an important figure in the Salem witch trials of 1692. He was also the grand-uncle of <mask>, a Unitarian minister, writer, and activist noted for social causes including abolitionism. He was the uncle of journalist <mask>, who founded the Boston Daily Advertiser and helped establish the North American Review.In 1769, when <mask> was fourteen years old, he was sent with his brother Enoch, who was sixteen, to Yale College. He was a classmate of fellow Patriot spy Benjamin Tallmadge. The <mask> brothers belonged to the Linonian Society of Yale, which debated topics in astronomy, mathematics, literature, and the ethics of slavery. <mask> graduated with first-class honors in 1773 at age 18 and became a teacher, first in East Haddam and later in New London. American Revolutionary War After the Revolutionary War began in 1775, <mask> joined a Connecticut militia unit and was elected first lieutenant within five months. His company participated in the Siege of Boston, but <mask> remained behind. It has been suggested that he was unsure as to whether he wanted to fight, or possibly that he was hindered because his teaching contract in New London did not expire until several months later, in July 1775.On July 4, 1775, <mask> received a letter from his classmate and friend Benjamin Tallmadge, who had gone to Boston to see the siege for himself. He wrote to <mask>, "Was I in your condition, I think the more extensive service would be my choice. Our holy Religion, the honor of our God, a glorious country, & a happy constitution is what we have to defend." Tallmadge's letter was so inspiring that, several days later, <mask> accepted a commission as first lieutenant in the 7th Connecticut Regiment under Colonel Charles Webb of Stamford. <mask> was also a part of Knowlton's Rangers, the first organized intelligence service organization of the United States of America, led by Lieutenant Colonel Thomas Knowlton. In the spring of 1776, the Continental Army moved to Manhattan to defend New York City against the anticipated British attack. In August, the British soundly defeated the Continentals in the Battle of Long Island via a flanking move from Staten Island across Brooklyn.General George Washington was desperate to determine the location of the imminent British invasion of Manhattan; to that end, Washington called for a spy behind enemy lines, and <mask> was the only volunteer. Intelligence-gathering mission <mask> volunteered on September 8, 1776, to go behind enemy lines and report on British troop movements, which he knew was an act of spying, immediately punishable by death. He was ferried across the Long Island Sound to Huntington, New York, on British-controlled Long Island, on September 12. <mask> planned to disguise himself as a Dutch schoolteacher looking for work, though he did not travel under an assumed name and reportedly carried with him his Yale diploma bearing his real name. While <mask> was undercover, New York City (then the area at the southern tip of Manhattan, mostly south of what is now Chambers Street) fell to British forces on September 15, and Washington was forced to retreat to the island's north in Harlem Heights (what is now Morningside Heights). Shortly after, on September 21, a quarter of the lower portion of Manhattan burned in the Great New York Fire of 1776. The fire was later widely thought to have been started by American saboteurs in order to keep the city from falling into British hands, and though setting fire to New York during Washington's retreat had indeed been proposed, Washington and the Congress had rejected the idea and denied responsibility.The Americans accused British soldiers of starting the fires without orders from their superiors so they could sack the city. In the fire's aftermath, more than 200 American Patriots were detained by the British for questioning. An account of <mask>'s capture, later obtained by the Library of Congress, was written by Consider Tiffany, a Connecticut shopkeeper and Loyalist. In Tiffany's account, Major Robert Rogers of the Queen's Rangers saw <mask> in a tavern and recognized him. After luring <mask> into betraying his allegiance by pretending to be a Patriot himself, Rogers and his Rangers apprehended <mask> near Flushing Bay in Queens, New York. Another story is that <mask>'s cousin, a Loyalist named <mask>, was the one who revealed his true identity. British General William Howe had established his headquarters in the Beekman House in a then-rural part of Manhattan, on a rise between what are now 50th and 51st Streets between First and Second Avenues, near where Beekman Place commemorates the connection.<mask> reportedly was questioned by Howe, and physical evidence was found on him. Rogers provided information about the case. According to some accounts, <mask> spent the night in a greenhouse at the mansion, while others say he spent it in a bedroom there. He requested a Bible; his request was denied. Sometime later, he requested a clergyman. Again, the request was denied. General Howe did permit him to write letters: one to his brother Enoch and other to his commanding officer, but the next day, they were torn up in front of him by the provost marshal, Captain Cunningham.Death and purported last words According to the standards of the time, spies were hanged as illegal combatants. By all accounts, <mask> comported himself well before the hanging. Frederick MacKensie, a British officer, wrote this diary entry for the day: On the morning of September 22, 1776, <mask> was marched along Post Road to the Park of Artillery, which was next to a public house called the Dove Tavern (at modern-day 66th Street and Third Avenue), and hanged. He was 21 years old. No official records were kept of <mask>'s final speech. It has traditionally been reported that his last words, either entirely or in part, were: "I only regret that I have but one life to lose for my country." The account of the quote originated with British Captain John Montresor, who was present at the hanging.The next day, he spoke with American Captain William Hull under a flag of truce. Hull recorded in his memoirs the following quote by Montresor: Because Hull was not an eyewitness to <mask>'s speech, some historians have questioned the reliability of this account. Over the years, there has been a great deal of speculation as to whether or not <mask> specifically uttered this line, or some variant of it. If <mask> did not originate the statement, it is possible he instead repeated a passage from Joseph Addison's play Cato, which was widely popular at the time and an ideological inspiration to many Whigs: It is almost certain that <mask>'s last speech was longer than one sentence. Several early accounts mention different things he said. These are not necessarily contradictory, but rather, together they give an idea of what the speech might have been like. The following quotes are all taken from George Dudley Seymour's book, Documentary Life of <mask>, published in 1941 by the author.Enoch <mask>, <mask>'s brother, wrote in his diary after he questioned people who had been present, October 26, 1776, "When at the Gallows he spoke & told them that he was a Capt in the Cont Army by name <mask>." The February 13, 1777, issue of the Essex Journal stated, "However, at the gallows, he made a sensible and spirited speech; among other things, told them they were shedding the blood of the innocent, and that if he had ten thousand lives, he would lay them all down, if called to it, in defence of his injured, bleeding Country." The May 17, 1781, issue of the Independent Chronicle and the Universal Advertiser gave the following version: "I am so satisfied with the cause in which I have engaged, that my only regret is, that I have not more lives than one to offer in its service." Aside from the site at 66th Street and Third Avenue, two other sites in Manhattan claim to be the hanging site: City Hall Park, where a statue of <mask> designed by Frederick William MacMonnies was erected in 1890 Inside Grand Central Terminal The Yale Club bears a plaque hung by the Daughters of the American Revolution which states the event occurred "near" the Club. Yale is <mask>'s alma mater and the Club is at 44th Street and Vanderbilt Avenue, mere feet from Grand Central Terminal. Another account places <mask>'s execution at Bergen Beach, Brooklyn, but there is no evidence to support this claim. <mask>'s body was never found.His family erected an empty grave cenotaph in Nathan Hale Cemetery in South Coventry Historic District, Connecticut. Legacy Statues and appearance Statues of <mask> are based on idealized archetypes; no contemporaneous portraits of him have been found. Documents and letters reveal <mask> was an informed, practical, detail-oriented man who planned ahead. Of his appearance and demeanor, fellow soldier Lieutenant Elisha Bostwick wrote that <mask> had blue eyes, flaxen blond hair, darker eyebrows, and stood slightly taller than the average height of the time, with mental powers of a sedate mind and piousness. Bostwick wrote: <mask> has been honored with two standing images: A statue designed by Frederick William MacMonnies was dedicated on the anniversary of Evacuation Day, November 25, 1893, at City Hall Park, New York. The statue established <mask>'s modern idealized square-jawed image. A statue of <mask>, sculpted 1908–1912 by Bela Pratt, was cast in 1912 and stands in front of Connecticut Hall, where <mask> resided while at Yale.Copies of this sculpture stand at the Phillips Academy in Andover, Massachusetts; the <mask> Hale Homestead in Coventry; the Connecticut Governor's Residence in Hartford, Connecticut; Fort Nathan Hale in New Haven, Connecticut; Mitchell College in New London, Connecticut; the Department of Justice in Washington, D.C.; Tribune Tower in Chicago; and at the headquarters of the Central Intelligence Agency in Langley, Virginia. Other statues/markers include: A statue of <mask> with an inscription of his reported last words on the first floor of the Connecticut State Capitol in Hartford. Statues of <mask> are also located in the Tulane University Law School reading room, and at the corner of Summit and Portland Avenues in Saint Paul, Minnesota. A memorial for him located in Huntington, New York, where he landed for his fatal spying mission. A historical marker in Freese Park, Norwalk, Connecticut that is denoted as the embarkation point. A obelisk known as the <mask> <mask> Monument was erected in his honor in 1846 in his birthplace of Coventry, Connecticut. In January 1899 a play based on <mask>'s life, <mask> by Clyde Fitch opened at New York's Knickerbocker Theatre, where it played successfully for eight weeks.It then toured for more than a year, with 41-year old Nat Goodwin playing <mask> and Goodwin's wife Maxine Elliott playing Alice Adams. Namesake items The hamlet of Halesite, New York (formerly Huntington Harbor) on Long Island is named after <mask>. There is a memorial plaque set into a large boulder, which was removed from the beach nearby where <mask> is thought to have landed on his fateful mission. Nathan Hale Army Depot, a U.S. Army installation, is located in Darmstadt, Germany. Fort Nathan Hale, a Revolutionary War-era fort and historic site in New Haven, Connecticut, is named after him. The Nathan Hale Inn and <mask> Hale dormitory on the University of Connecticut campus in Storrs, Connecticut, are named after <mask>. The <mask> dormitory, traditionally a freshman girls' dorm, at Phillips Academy in Andover, Massachusetts, is named after <mask>.The Nathan Hale Center at Robert Morris University, dedicated in 1971, is a classroom building located on campus. <mask> Hale Hall is a building at Farmingdale State College in Farmingdale, New York, which is home to Biology and Art Centers. Nathan Hale Hall is a barracks building at Fort George G. Meade, Maryland. Nathan Hale Hall is the main academic building at Mitchell College in New London, Connecticut. The Nathan Hale Memorial Chapter of the Daughters of the American Revolution was organized June 6, 1900, in East Haddam, Connecticut. The ceremony took place at the one-room schoolhouse where he once taught. High schools named after <mask> include <mask>-Ray High School in East Haddam, Connecticut (where he was schoolmaster), Nathan Hale High School in Seattle, Washington, and high schools in West Allis, Wisconsin, and Tulsa, Oklahoma.Middle schools named after <mask> include <mask>-Ray Middle School in East Haddam, Connecticut; Nathan Hale Middle School in Norwalk, Connecticut (the departure point for his final mission); and Captain <mask> Middle School in Coventry, Connecticut (his birthplace); as well as middle schools in Northvale, New Jersey; Omaha, Nebraska; Cleveland, Ohio; and Crestwood, Illinois. There are elementary schools named after <mask> in Roxbury, Boston; New London, Connecticut; Enfield, Connecticut; Manchester, Connecticut; Meriden, Connecticut; New Haven, Connecticut; Whiting, Indiana; Schaumburg, Illinois; Lansing, Illinois; Crestwood, Illinois; Chicago, Illinois; Carteret, New Jersey; Northvale, New Jersey; Mesa, Arizona; and Minneapolis, Minnesota. The United States Navy submarine USS Nathan <mask> (SSBN-623) was named in his honor. The <mask> Ancient Fife and Drum Corps from Coventry, Connecticut, is named after him and includes a division called Knowlton's Connecticut Rangers. "<mask>" Battalion is the name of the Battalion for Army ROTC based at the University of Connecticut, with Knowlton Company (Company A) at the University of Connecticut and Sillman Company (Company B) at Sacred Heart University. Ballads Two early ballads attempt to recreate <mask>'s last speech. Songs and Ballads of the Revolution (1855), collected by F. Moore, contained the "Ballad of <mask>" (anonymous), dated 1776: "Thou pale king of terrors, thou life's gloomy foe, Go frighten the slave; go frighten the slave; Tell tyrants, to you their allegiance they owe.No fears for the brave; no fears for the brave. "; and "To the Memory of Capt. <mask>" by Eneas Munson, Sr., was written soon after <mask>'s death: Munson had tutored <mask> before college, and knew him and his family well, so even though the particulars of this speech may be unlikely, Munson knew first-hand what <mask>'s opinions were. See also Intelligence in the American Revolutionary War Intelligence operations in the American Revolutionary War <mask> Homestead Kusunoki Masashige— a Japanese samurai, also famous for his last words before execution <mask>, a descendant equally tried for espionage References Citations Sources Further reading Baker, Mark Allen. "Spies of Revolutionary Connecticut, From Benedict Arnold to <mask>." Charleston: The History Press, 2014. Circian."The Story of <mask>." Archiving Early America. N.p., 2011. Web. October 3, 2011. <http://www.earlyamerica.com/review/2001_summer_fall/n_hale.html>. Fleming, Thomas."George Washington, Spymaster." American Heritage. American Heritage Publishing Company, 2011. Web. October 3, 2011. <http://www.americanheritage.com/content/george-washington-spymaster>. Durante, Dianne, Outdoor Monuments of Manhattan: A Historical Guide (New York University Press, 2007): description of MacMonnies's <mask> at City Hall Park, New York.Miller, Tom. "The Lost 1763 Beekman Mansion 'Mount Pleasant'—50th Street and 1st Avenue." Daytonian in Manhattan. N.p., September 21, 2011. Web. October 3, 2011. <http://daytoninmanhattan.blogspot.com/2011/09/lost-1763-beekman-mansion-mount.html>.Ortner, Mary J. "Captain <mask>." The Connecticut Society of the Sons of the American Revolution. N.p., 2010. Web. October 3, 2011. <https://web.archive.org/web/20080705134759/http://www.connecticutsar.org/patriots/hale_nathan_2.htm>.Phelps, William M. "<mask>: The Life and Death of America's First Spy" St. Martin's Press, New York, New York, 2008. Rose, Alexander. Washington's Spies: The Story of America's First Spy Ring. Random House, New York, New York, 2006. . External links A Time for Heroes: The Story of <mask> The Connecticut Society of the Sons of the American Revolution 1755 births 1776 deaths American Revolutionary War executions Continental Army officers from Connecticut Executed spies People executed by the British military by hanging People of Connecticut in the American Revolution People from Coventry, Connecticut United States Army Rangers Yale College alumni Executed people from Connecticut People executed by the Kingdom of Great Britain Symbols of Connecticut Military personnel from Connecticut American spies during the American Revolution

Bruce E. Cain

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<mask><mask> (born November 28, 1948) is a Professor of Political Science at Stanford University and Director of the Bill Lane Center for the American West. Professor <mask>'s fields of interest include American politics, political regulation, democratic theory, and state and local government. He has written extensively on elections, legislative representation, California politics, redistricting, and political regulation. In addition to his academic work, <mask> frequently is quoted in national and international media, and regularly appears as a political expert for KGO-TV in the San Francisco Bay Area. He is a member of the American Political Science Association, and serves on the editorial boards of Election Law Journal and American Politics Research. Professor <mask> has been a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences since 2000. During AY 2012-13, <mask> will serve as a Straus Fellow at New York University's Straus Institute for the Advanced Study of Law and Justice.Education <mask> graduated summa cum laude from Bowdoin College in 1970 and studied as a Rhodes Scholar at Trinity College, Oxford. In 1976, he received his Ph.D. in political science from Harvard University. Career Upon completion of his PhD, <mask> began his academic career at the California Institute of Technology (Caltech) in 1976. His work as an assistant and associate professor focused on comparisons of British and American governance systems, representation and redistricting. Additionally, during his 14 years at Caltech, <mask> held numerous leadership roles on academic administration committees, ranging from admissions and academic standards to the faculty board. In 1981, while on leave from the university, <mask> served as a special consultant to the California Assembly Special Committee on Reapportionment. Working with NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, <mask>'s work on California's redistricting was the first effort to employ satellite maps and computer programming in the apportionment process prior to the creation of Geographic Information Systems (GIS).His work in the early 1980s ultimately led to the creation of the statewide database. This public data enterprise is now housed under the Berkeley School of Law, and continues to be the primary warehouse for redistricting information and data in California. In 1989, <mask> joined the faculty of what is now named The Charles and Louise Travers Department of Political Science at University of California at Berkeley. From 1995 to 2006, <mask> was appointed the Robson Professor of Political Science, and served as the Heller Professor of Political Science from 2007-2012. Under the direction of Nelson W. Polsby, <mask> served as the Associate Director of the Institute of Governmental Studies (IGS) from 1989-1999 and as its Director from 1999-2007. The IGS is an interdisciplinary organized research unit (ORU) at UC Berkeley. Founded in 1919, IGS and its affiliated centers spearhead and promote research, programs, seminars and colloquia, training, educational activities, and public service in the fields of politics and public policy, with a strong focus on national and California politics.Between September 2005 - June 2012, <mask> served as the Executive Director of the University of California's Washington Center, “a multi-campus residential, instructional and research center that provides students and faculty from the University of California with opportunities to research, work, study and live within rich cultural, political and international heritage of our capital city.” In addition to his administrative duties as director, Professor <mask> taught undergraduate seminars on the Congress, political reform and research methodology. Contributions to Political Science <mask> was one of early contributors to the now burgeoning field of Election Law and Political Regulation. Since Baker v Carr (1962), the courts have been drawn into deciding disputes over political reforms related to redistricting, term limits, party primaries, campaign finance, direct democracy and election administration. Many of <mask>'s empirical studies show that political reforms rarely achieve all that they promise because of adaptive behavior by those being regulated and because there is typically more consensus about the problems than the solutions. His work has demonstrated that terms limits, for instance, have not reduced partisanship or increased the quality of state legislatures, that redistricting reform has been frustrated by the inability to define what fairness is, and that campaign finance regulation is hindered by being necessarily ex post facto. His most recent studies have focused on devising a more realistic and coherent theory of political reform. Awards Throughout his career, <mask> has been recognized for not only his distinguished research, but also for his commitment to mentoring both undergraduate and graduate students.In 1988, he was a co-winner of the Richard F. Fenno Prize for the best legislative studies book along with J. A. Ferejohn and M. Fiorina. In 1988, he received the Associated Students of the California Institute of Technology Award for Excellence in Teaching. In 2000, Stanford University awarded him the Zale Award for Outstanding Achievement in Policy Research and Public Service. In 2003, UC Berkeley recognized Professor <mask> for Distinguished Mentoring of Undergraduates. Also in 2003, the American Political Science Association and Pi Sigma Alpha, the National Political Science Honor Society, honored <mask> for outstanding teaching in political science. Media Beginning in 1984, <mask> has been an election commentator for every race in California both on the radio and on television.He served as a consultant to the Los Angeles Times from 1986–88 and was the political analyst on Mornings on Two, KTVU from 1998-2006. He is a member of the American Federation of Television and Radio Artists and currently appears as a regular political analyst for KGO-TV. Government and Political Consulting He served as a polling consultant for state and senate races to Fairbank, Canapary and Maulin from 1985 to 1986. <mask>'s expertise has led him to work as a redistricting consultant to several government agencies, including: the Los Angeles City Council (1986), Los Angeles County (1991), the Oakland City Council (1993), the City of San Diego (2001), the City and County of San Francisco (2002), the Attorney General of Maryland (2011), the Attorney General of Massachusetts (1987–88), and the U.S. Justice Department (1989). He served as the Special Master to the three judge panel overseeing the Arizona State Legislative Redistricting (2002). Selected Published Works The Reapportionment Puzzle (1984) The Personal Vote (1987) (written with John Ferejohn and Morris Fiorina) Congressional Redistricting (1991) (with David Butler) External links American political scientists Bowdoin College alumni Harvard Graduate School of Arts and Sciences alumni University of California, Berkeley College of Letters and Science faculty California Institute of Technology faculty American Rhodes Scholars 1948 births Living people

Douglass Dumbrille

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<mask> (October 13, 1889 – April 2, 1974) was a Canadian actor who appeared regularly in films from the early 1930s. Life and career The son of Richard and <mask>, <mask> was born in Hamilton, Ontario. As a young man, he was employed as a bank clerk in Hamilton while pursuing an interest in acting. He eventually left banking for the theatre, finding work with a stock company that led him to Chicago, Illinois, and another that toured the United States. In 1913, the East Coast film industry was flourishing and that year he appeared in the film What Eighty Million Women Want, but it would be another 11 years before he appeared on screen again. In 1924, he made his Broadway debut and worked off and on in the theatre for several years while supplementing his income by selling such products as car accessories, tea, insurance, real estate, and books. During the Great Depression, <mask> moved to the West Coast of the U.S., where he specialized in playing secondary character roles alongside the great stars of the day.His physical appearance and suave voice equipped him for roles as slick politician, corrupt businessman, crooked sheriff, or unscrupulous lawyer. He was highly regarded by the studios, and was sought out by Cecil B. DeMille, Frank Capra, Hal Roach and other prominent Hollywood filmmakers. He played similar roles in Capra's film Broadway Bill (1934) the remake, Riding High (1950). He also appeared in DeMille's version of The Buccaneer (1938) and twenty years later in the 1958 color remake. A friend of fellow Canadian-born director Allan Dwan, <mask> played Athos in Dwan's adaptation of The Three Musketeers (1939). <mask> had roles in more than 200 motion pictures and, with the advent of television, made numerous appearances in the 1950s and 1960s. He had the ability to project a balance of menace and pomposity in roles as the "heavy" in comedy films, such as those of the Marx Brothers or Abbott and Costello.He portrayed the Egyptian priest and magician Jannes in DeMille's final film, The Ten Commandments (1956). Also working in television, <mask> was cast in six episodes of the religion anthology series, Crossroads. He portrayed Senator Bates in "Thanksgiving Prayer" (1956) with Ron Hagerthy of Sky King. <mask> then portrayed Mr. Willoughby in "Big Sombrero" (1957). He guest-starred in the 1957 episode "The Fighter" of the CBS situation comedy Mr. Adams and Eve. In 1958, he was cast as Mayor John Geary in three episodes of the NBC western series, The Californians. He subsequently guest-starred in Frank Aletter's CBS sitcom, Bringing Up Buddy.He portrayed Mr. Osborne in six episodes of the 1963–1964 situation comedy The New Phil Silvers Show. <mask> made two guest appearances as a judge on CBS's Perry Mason; in 1964 he played Judge Robert Adler in "The Case of the Latent Lover", and in 1965 he played an unnamed judge in "The Case of the Duplicate Case". In his final television role, he portrayed a doctor in episode 10 of Batman in February 1966. Personal life After 47 years of marriage, Dumbrille's wife, Jessie Lawson, mother of their son John and daughter Douglass (Dougie), died in 1957. In 1960, at the age of seventy, Dumbrille married Patricia Mowbray, the 28-year-old daughter of his friend and fellow actor, Alan Mowbray. In response to criticism of the May–December marriage, Dumbrille rebuffed: "Age doesn’t mean a blasted thing. The important thing is whether two people can be happy together.Pat and I agreed that I had some years left and we could best share them together. We don’t give a continental damn what other people think." <mask> died of a heart attack on April 2, 1974, at the Motion Picture Country Home and Hospital in Woodland Hills, California. (1934) as Dawes Journal of a Crime (1934) as Germaine Cartier Harold Teen (1934) as H.H. Snatcher Fog Over Frisco (1934) as Mayard Operator 13 (1934) as Gen. Stuart Treasure Island (1934) as Israel Hands Hide-Out (1934) as DeSalle - Nightclub Owner Broadway Bill (1934) as Eddie Morgan The Secret Bride (1934) as Breeden The Lives of a Bengal Lancer (1935) as Mohammed Khan Naughty Marietta (1935) as Uncle Cardinal Richelieu (1935) as Count Baradas Air Hawks (1935) as Victor Arnold Unknown Woman (1935) as Phil Gardner Love Me Forever (1935) as Miller The Public Menace (1935) as Mario Tonelli Peter Ibbetson (1935) as Col. Forsythe Crime and Punishment (1935) as Grilov The Calling of Dan Matthews (1935) as Jeff Hardy The Lone Wolf Returns (1935) as Morphew You May Be Next (1936) as Beau Gardner The Music Goes 'Round (1936) as Bishop Mr. Deeds Goes to Town (1936) as John Cedar The Witness Chair (1936) as Stanley Whittaker The Princess Comes Across (1936) as Detective Lorel M'Liss (1936) as Lou Ellis End of the Trail (1936) as Bill Mason Counterfeit Lady (1936) as August Marino Woman in Distress (1937) as Jerome Culver A Day at the Races (1937) as J.D. Morgan The Emperor's Candlesticks (1937) as Mr. Korum - a Conspirator The Firefly (1937) as Marquis de Melito Ali Baba Goes to Town (1937) as Prince Musah The Buccaneer (1938) as Governor William C.C.Claiborne Stolen Heaven (1938) as Klingman Fast Company (1938) as Arnold Stamper The Mysterious Rider (1938) as Pecos Bill - aka Ben Wade Crime Takes a Holiday (1938) as J.J. Grant Storm Over Bengal (1938) as Ramin Khan Sharpshooters (1938) as Count Maxim Kentucky (1938) as John Dillon - 1861 The Three Musketeers (1939) as Athos Mr. Moto in Danger Island (1939) as La Costa Tell No Tales (1939) as Matt Cooper Captain Fury (1939) as Preston Charlie Chan at Treasure Island (1939) as Thomas Gregory Thunder Afloat (1939) as District Commander Rovin' Tumbleweeds (1939) as Stephen Holloway Charlie Chan in City in Darkness (1939) as Petroff Slightly Honorable (1939) as George Taylor Virginia City (1940) as Major Drewery South of Pago Pago (1940) as Williams Michael Shayne, Private Detective (1940) as Gordon Murder Among Friends (1941) as Carter Stevenson The Round Up (1941) as Capt. Bob Lane Road to Zanzibar (1941) as Slave Trader Washington Melodrama (1941) as Donnelly The Big Store (1941) as Mr. Grover Ellery Queen and the Perfect Crime (1941) as John Matthews Castle in the Desert (1942) as Paul Manderley Ride 'Em Cowboy (1942) as Jake Rainwater A Gentleman After Dark (1942) as Enzo Calibra Ten Gentlemen from West Point (1942) as Gen. William Henry Harrison I Married an Angel (1942) as Baron Szigethy King of the Mounties (1942) as Harper Stand By for Action (1942) as Capt. Ludlow DuBarry Was a Lady (1943) as Willie / Duc de Rigor False Colors (1943) as Mark Foster Uncertain Glory (1944) as Police Commissioner LaFarge Lumberjack (1944) as Daniel J. Keefer Jungle Woman (1944) as District Attorney Forty Thieves (1944) as Tad Hammond Gypsy Wildcat (1944) as Baron Tovar Lost in a Harem (1944) as Nimativ Jungle Queen (1945) as Lang A Medal for Benny (1945) as General The Frozen Ghost (1945) as Inspector Brant Flame of the West (1945) as Marshal Tom Nightlander The Daltons Ride Again (1945) as Sheriff Hoskins Road to Utopia (1945) as Ace Larson Pardon My Past (1945) as Uncle Wills The Catman of Paris (1946) as Henry Borchard Night in Paradise (1946) as High Priest The Cat Creeps (1946) as Tom McGalvey Spook Busters (1946) as Dr. Coslow Under Nevada Skies (1946) as Courtney Monsieur Beaucaire (1946) as George Washington It's a Joke, Son! (1947) as Big Dan Healey Dishonored Lady (1947) as District Attorney O'Brien Dragnet (1947) as Frank Farrington Blonde Savage (1947) as Mark Harper Christmas Eve (1947) as Dr. Bunyan The Fabulous Texan (1947) as Luke Roland Beyond Our Own (1947) as E.W. Osborne Last of the Wild Horses (1948) as Charlie Cooper Dynamite (1949) as Hank Gibbons Riders of the Whistling Pines (1949) as Henry Mitchell The Lone Wolf and His Lady (1949) as John J. Murdock Addio Mimí! (1949) as Rouchard Alimony (1949) as Burton (Burt) Crail Joe Palooka in the Counterpunch (1949) as Capt. Lance Tell It to the Judge (1949) as George Ellerby Buccaneer's Girl (1950) as Capt.Martos Riding High (1950, remake of Broadway Bill) as Eddie Howard The Savage Horde (1950) as Col. Price Abbott and Costello in the Foreign Legion (1950) as Sheik Hamud El Khalid The Kangaroo Kid (1950) as Vincent Moller Rapture (1950) as W.C. Hutton A Millionaire for Christy (1951) as J.C. Thompson Scaramouche (1952) as Assembly President (uncredited) Son of Paleface (1952) as Sheriff McIntyre Apache War Smoke (1952) as Maj. Dekker Sky Full of Moon (1952) as Rodeo Official Julius Caesar (1953) as Lepidus Plunder of the Sun (1953) as Consul Captain John Smith and Pocahontas (1953) as Chief Powhatan World for Ransom (1954) as Insp. McCollum The Lawless Rider (1954) as Marshal Brady Jupiter's Darling (1955) as Scipio A Life at Stake (1954) as Gus Hillman Davy Crockett and the River Pirates (1956) as Saloon owner (uncredited) (archive footage) Shake, Rattle & Rock! (1956) as Eustace Fentwick III The Ten Commandments (1956) as Jannes The Go-Getter (1956) as Dr. Baker The Buccaneer (1958) as Collector of the Port High Time (1960) as Judge Carter (uncredited) Air Patrol (1962) as Millard Nolan Johnny Cool (1963) as Corrupt City Council Member What a Way to Go! (1964) as Minor Role (uncredited) Shock Treatment (1964) as Judge (uncredited) References External links 1889 births 1974 deaths Canadian male silent film actors Canadian male film actors Canadian expatriate male actors in the United States Male actors from Hamilton, Ontario Burials at Valhalla Memorial Park Cemetery 20th-century Canadian male actors

Stuart O'Keefe

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<mask>'Keefe (born 4 March 1991) is an English professional footballer who plays as a central midfielder for club Gillingham. He began his career with Ipswich Town, spending six years in the club's youth academy system, but was released as a teenager without making an appearance for the first team. Following his release, O'Keefe joined the academy at Southend United, making his first-team debut for the club in 2008, during a League One match, at the age of 17. In 2010, he completed a move to Championship club Crystal Palace on a free transfer and went on to make over 50 appearances in all competitions for the club during a five-year spell, helping the club gain promotion to the Premier League via the 2013 Championship play-off Final, also spending a brief period on loan at Blackpool in late 2014. In January 2015, he moved to Cardiff City for an undisclosed fee. Early life O'Keefe was born in Eye, Suffolk. He grew up in the village of Gislingham, Suffolk and attended Gislingham Primary School and later Hartismere School.He is a supporter of Arsenal. Career Youth Having attracted the attention of scouts from several clubs whilst playing for local youth team Scole Lads, O'Keefe was invited to train with Norwich City's under-nine team. However, he later signed a youth deal with their East Anglian rivals Ipswich Town, joining the club at the age of nine and playing alongside Jordan Rhodes and Ed Upson in the academy during his time at the club. However, he failed to make an appearance for the first team and was released at the end of the 2006–07 season after Ipswich decided against offering him a scholarship, believing that he would be unable to compete physically at under-18 level. O'Keefe later commented on his release "It was disappointing to be released by Ipswich, especially since I had been there from such a young age, but I always kept believing in myself". Following his release, O'Keefe spent one month on trial at Aston Villa and impressed the club's coaching staff, including youth coach Gordon Cowans, but was forced to leave the club, who were only willing to offer him a one-year youth contract, after struggling to travel to the Midlands-based club on a regular basis as he continued to prepare for his GCSEs. He was also offered a trial with Nottingham Forest, scoring during a friendly match for the club but O'Keefe again moved on after Forest stalled over offering him a contract as they were only willing to offer him a one-year youth deal.Southend United O'Keefe attended a trial with Southend United in November 2007 at the age of 16, having been recommended to the club by a scout working for Manchester United, and was offered a two-year scholarship just days after arriving at the club. In his first season with the academy, O'Keefe was part of the Southend team that reached the quarter-final of the FA Youth Cup and also featured for the reserves on several occasions. O'Keefe made his first-team debut for Southend on 18 November 2008, at home to A.F.C. Telford United in a 2–0 win in the FA Cup first-round replay as a late substitute in place of Alan McCormack, having signed his first professional contract with the club the week before. He made his debut in League One two months later against Leyton Orient on 20 January 2009 in a 1–1 away draw, again coming on as a substitute in the 84th minute for Alex Revell and nearly scoring late in the match with a volley. The following week, after one further substitute appearance, O'Keefe was handed his first league start for Southend by manager Steve Tilson against Leeds United at Elland Road on 27 January 2009. However, this proved to be his last appearance for the club during the 2008–09 season.Despite this, O'Keefe was nominated for the League One Apprentice of the Year award, eventually losing out to Carlisle United defender Tom Aldred. The following season, O'Keefe featured more regularly for the first team, making nine appearances in total despite missing two months of the season due to a hernia injury sustained in a match against Millwall on 26 January 2010. Following his departure from Roots Hall, the club's head of youth director Ricky Duncan praised O'Keefe's attitude, stating "<mask> was always very driven and single-minded and he was different to a lot of the other lads in that regard." Crystal Palace On 18 August 2010, O'Keefe signed for Crystal Palace on an initial one-year contract after impressing manager George Burley in a trial match against West Ham United reserves, having been recommended to Burley by his assistant manager Dougie Freedman who had played alongside O'Keefe at Southend. On his signing, Burley described O'Keefe as "a young player with big potential". The transfer was free, although Southend would receive a percentage of any transfer fee for O'Keefe in his first 36 months at Selhurst Park. He made his debut for the club on 20 November 2010 as a substitute in place of Paddy McCarthy during a 3–2 defeat to Sheffield United, later being substituted himself in the 89th minute of the match for Pablo Couñago as Palace pushed for an equaliser.In his first season at Selhurst Park, O'Keefe was a backup player in the squad and made just four appearances during the course of the season. In the 2011–12 season, O'Keefe was given a chance to impress early on in the season in the League Cup, playing five times in the competition during the season as the team reached the semi-final, including starting in the team's 2–1 quarter final victory over Manchester United on 30 November 2011 at Old Trafford. Later in the season, O'Keefe was part of the end of season run in due to injuries and finished the season with 19 appearances for the first team, which saw him offered a new three-year contract with Palace that would last until summer 2015. During the 2012–13 season, Palace achieved promotion to the Premier League via the Championship play-offs after finishing fifth.O'Keefe featured just five times in the league during the season although he did make two appearances during the play-offs, replacing Wilfried Zaha as a late substitute during the second leg of their semi-final victory over Brighton & Hove Albion, and then playing the majority of the 2013 Championship play-off Final after replacing Kagisho Dikgacoi due to injury after just 17 minutes as Palace claimed a 1–0 victory in extra-time to earn promotion. At the start of the club's Premier League campaign the following season, on 31 August 2013, O'Keefe sealed a 3–1 victory in Palace's first three points of their Premier League return in the 92nd minute at home to Sunderland with a curling 20-yard shot after coming on as a late substitute, the first senior goal of his career and what later turned out to be his only goal for Palace. At the start of the 2014–15 season, O'Keefe featured in Palace's opening two matches of the Premier League season, defeats to Arsenal and West Ham United, but suffered an ankle injury in the latter which kept him out of the team for two months that saw him omitted from the club's 25-man squad for the Premier League season by new Palace manager Neil Warnock. Lacking match fitness on his return, Warnock made O'Keefe available for a loan move in order to gain playing time and, following a potential loan move to Championship club Charlton Athletic collapsing after they decided to sign Francis Coquelin on loan from Arsenal instead, Warnock stated that he could not "understand how nobody has come in for him".On 27 November 2014, O'Keefe eventually secured a loan move away from Palace on the final day of the emergency loan window, joining struggling Championship club Blackpool on loan until 1 January 2015, along with Wolverhampton Wanderers defender Kevin Foley. He made his debut on 29 November 2014, starting in a 1–1 draw with Rotherham United, being replaced by Nathan Delfouneso after 56 minutes, and went on to make four appearances for the team before returning to Palace. On his return to Selhurst Park, O'Keefe found himself under a new manager for the fourth time since August 2014, following the appointment of Alan Pardew. Despite being handed a starting spot in Pardew's first match in charge at the club, a 4–0 win over non-League team Dover Athletic in the third round of the FA Cup on 4 January 2015, he was later informed that he was not part of the manager's new plans at the club. Cardiff City On 28 January 2015, O'Keefe signed for Championship club Cardiff City, who beat off competition from Millwall, for an undisclosed fee on a two-and-a-half-year contract, joining former Palace teammates Danny Gabbidon and Kagisho Dikgacoi at the Cardiff City Stadium. He made his debut against Derby County, having trained with the team for just two days following the completion of his transfer, in a 2–0 loss. He featured in the following two matches but, with heavy competition from Peter Whittingham, Joe Ralls and Aron Gunnarsson, he did not appear for the first team again until 11 April and made a total of just six appearances during the second half of the season for Cardiff.The start of the following season continued the same trend for O'Keefe as he made just eight appearances during the first five months of the season before returning to the starting line up against Wolverhampton Wanderers on 16 January 2016, in a match that Cardiff went on to win 3–1. O'Keefe's performances saw him establish himself in the first team and his attitude to being left out of the team for long periods drew praise from Cardiff manager Russell Slade who commented "<mask> has got a fantastic attitude, he's a real, real good professional, even when he wasn't in the side he was pushing. [...] some players when they're not in the side get disillusioned and want to move on, but not O'Keefe." He later scored his first goal for the club in a 2–0 victory during a Severnside derby match against Bristol City on 5 March 2016, adding his second one-month later with the winning goal during a 2–1 win over Derby County on 2 April. He finished the season having made 27 appearances for the club in all competitions, the most appearances he has made during a season to date and the first time in his career he made over 20 appearances in a single season. His impressive form during the second half of the 2015–16 season saw him handed a new contract during the summer, keeping him at Cardiff until summer 2019. After featuring as an unused substitute during the first match of the 2016–17 season, O'Keefe was handed his first appearance of the season in a 1–0 defeat to Bristol Rovers in the first round of the EFL Cup, where he suffered a broken arm in extra-time.He made his return to the team one month later on 25 September, helping Cardiff to their second win of the season during a 2–1 win against Rotherham United. However, with first-team opportunities limited at Cardiff, on 31 January 2017, O'Keefe joined League One club Milton Keynes Dons on loan until 1 May 2017, making his debut for the club as a substitute in place of Chuks Aneke during a 1–1 draw with Bolton Wanderers on 4 February 2017. He made a total of 18 appearances during the loan spell, scoring four times. On 31 August 2017, O'Keefe joined League One club Portsmouth on loan until the end of the 2017–18 season. At the start of the following season, O'Keefe was sent out on loan for the second successive season, joining Plymouth Argyle. He returned to Cardiff in January 2019, but was released later that year. Gillingham O'Keefe signed for League One club Gillingham on 11 June 2019.He scored his first goal for Gillingham when he scored in an EFL Trophy tie against Colchester United on 3 September 2019. In September 2020 O'Keefe suffered a broken leg and ligament damage in an EFL Cup tie against Coventry City. O'Keefe knocked months off of his return date following his broken leg, and after a few appearances off the bench, made his first start since the injury against Charlton Athletic in February 2021. Style of play After originally beginning his career as a winger, O'Keefe switched to central midfield and was described by former Cardiff City manager Russell Slade as a "hard working, energetic, athletic midfield player." Slade also praised O'Keefe for his determination when not playing regularly in the first team, stating " <mask> will roll his sleeves up, work harder, to try and show his manager and the coaching staff that he's capable of playing in the first team." Career statistics Honours Crystal Palace Football League Championship play-offs: 2013 References External links Profile at the Gillingham F.C. website 1991 births Living people People from Eye, Suffolk Footballers from Suffolk English footballers Association football midfielders Ipswich Town F.C.players Southend United F.C. players Crystal Palace F.C. players Blackpool F.C. players Cardiff City F.C. players Milton Keynes Dons F.C. players Portsmouth F.C. players Plymouth Argyle F.C.players Gillingham F.C. players English Football League players Premier League players

Gennadius of Massilia

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<mask> of Massilia (died c. 496), also known as <mask>us or <mask>iliensis, was a 5th-century Christian priest and historian. His best-known work is De Viris Illustribus ("Of Famous Men"), a biography of over 90 contemporary significant Christians, which continued a work of the same name by Jerome. Life <mask> was a priest of Massilia (now Marseille) and a contemporary of Pope Gelasius I. Nothing is known of his life, save what he tells us himself in the last of the biographies he wrote: "I, <mask>, presbyter of Massilia, wrote eight books against all heresies, five books against Nestorius, ten books against Eutyches, three books against Pelagius, a treatise on the thousand years of the Apocalypse of John, this work, and a letter about my faith sent to blessed Gelasius, bishop of the city of Rome". Gelasius reigned from 492 to 496, so Gennadius must have lived at the end of the 5th century. Writings Gennadius knew Greek well and was well read in Eastern and Western, orthodox and heretical Christian literature. He was a diligent compiler and a competent critic.De Viris Illustribus De Viris Illustribus, in its most commonly accepted form was probably published c. 495 and contains, in some ten folio pages, short biographies of ecclesiastics between the years 392 and 495. It is a very important source and in part the only source of our acquaintance with the over ninety authors treated therein. It is a continuation of St. Jerome's De Viris Illustribus. In that work Jerome had for the first time drawn up a series of 135 short biographies of famous Christians, with lists of their chief writings. It was the first patrology and dictionary of Christian biography. This book of reference was so useful that it naturally became popular, and many people wrote continuations after the same method. We hear of such a continuation by one Paterius, a disciple of Jerome, and of a Greek translation by Sophronius.It was <mask>'s continuation that became most popular and was accepted everywhere as a second part of Jerome's work, and was always written (eventually printed) together with his. <mask>'s part contains about one hundred lives, modelled closely after those of Jerome. Various edits and reprints do not number them consistently; by Bernoulli, i to xcvii, with some marked as xciib, etc., originally cxxxvi-ccxxxii). The series is arranged more or less in chronological order, but there are frequent exceptions. In xc, 92, he says (in one version) that Theodore of Coelesyria (Theodulus) "died three years ago, in the reign of Zeno". From this Czapla deduces that <mask> wrote between 491 and 494. The present form of the text indicates a repeated revision of the entire work.Other people have modified it and added to it without noting the fact—as is usual among medieval writers. Some scholars including Richardson and Czapla consider that chapters xxx (Bishop John II of Jerusalem), lxxxvii (Victorinus), xciii (Caerealis of Africa. ), and all the end portion (xcv-ci), are not authentic. There is doubt about parts of the others. Other writings Gennadius states that he composed a number of other works, most of which are not extant: Adversus omnes hæreses libri viii., "Against all heresies" in 8 volumes Five books against Nestorius Ten books against Eutyches Three books against Pelagius Tractatus de millennio et de apocalypsi beati Johannis, "Treatise on the thousand years and on the Apocalypse of St. John" Epistola de fide, a "letter of faith" which he sent to Pope Gelasius. Works of Evagrius Ponticus and of Timothy Ælurus, translated and restored to their authentic form. These translations are also lost.De Ecclesiasticis Dogmatibus There is a treatise called De Ecclesiasticis Dogmatibus ("Of Church Doctrine") which was originally attributed to Augustine of Hippo but is now universally attributed to <mask>. The work was long included among those of St. Augustine. Some scholars (Carl Paul Caspari, Otto Bardenhewer, Bruno Czapla) think that it is probably a fragment of Gennadius's eight books "against all heresies", apparently the last part, in which, having confuted the heretics, he builds up a positive system. Publication The De Viris Illustribus was edited and published by J. Andreas (Rome, 1468), by J. A. Fabricius in Bibliotheca ecclesiastica (Hamburg, 1718), and by E. C. Richardson in Texte und Untersuchungen, xiv. (Leipsig, 1896). It also appears with many editions of the works of Jerome.An English translation by Richardson was produced in the Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, 2nd ser, iii. 385–402. A critical edition of the Liber de Ecclesiasticis Dogmatibus under the title Liber Ecclesiasticorum Dogmatum was published by C. H. Turner in the Journal of Theological Studies vii. (1905), pp. 78–99 at pp. 89–99. Turner's introduction reviews a number of previous editions and also provides a survey of manuscript copies that were known to him, including several that he used for the edition.Attitude and views There are many indications that the author was a Semipelagian in "De Viris Illustribus". Semipelagians are warmly praised (Fastidiosus, lvi, p. 80; Cassian, lxi, 81; Faustus of Riez, lxxxv, 89); full Pelagians (Pelagius himself, xlii, 77; Julian of Eclanum, xlv, 77) are heretics; Catholics are treated shabbily (Augustine of Hippo, xxxviii, 75; Prosper of Aquitaine, lxxxiv, 89); even popes are called heretics (Julius I, in i, 61). The same tendency is confirmed by the treatise "De eccles. dogmatibus", which is full of Semipelagianism, either open or implied (original sin carefully evaded, great insistence on free will and denial of predestination, grace as an adjutorium in the mildest form, etc.). Gennadius considers (like later writers, e.g. Thomas Aquinas) that all men, even those alive at the Second Coming, will have to die. But this conviction, though derived from a widespread patristic tradition, is, he admits, rejected by equally catholic and learned Fathers.Of the theories concerning the soul of man subsequently known as the creationist and the traducianist views, he espouses the creationist. He will not allow the existence of the spirit as a third element in man besides the body and the soul, but regards it as only another name for the soul. In De Ecclesiasticis Dogmatibus, his views include the following points. Heretical baptism is not to be repeated, unless it has been administered by heretics who would have declined to employ the invocation of the Holy Trinity. He recommends weekly reception of the Eucharist by all not under the burden of mortal sin. Such as are should have recourse to public penitence. He will not deny that private penance may suffice; but even here outward manifestation, such as change of dress, is desirable.Daily reception of holy communion he will neither praise nor blame. Evil was invented by Satan. Though celibacy is rated above matrimony, to condemn marriage is Manichean. A twice-married Christian should not be ordained. Churches should be called after martyrs, and the relics of martyrs honoured. None but the baptized attain eternal life; not even catechumens, unless they suffer martyrdom. Penitence thoroughly avails to Christians even at their latest breath.The Creator alone knows our secret thoughts. Satan can learn them only by our motions and manifestations. Marvels might be wrought in the Lord's name even by bad men. Men can become holy without such marks. The freedom of man's will is strongly asserted, but the commencement of all goodness is assigned to divine grace. The language of Gennadius is here not quite Augustinian; but neither is it Pelagian. References Attribution External links Opera Omnia by Migne Patrologia Latina with analytical indexes English translation of De Viris at the Christian Classics Ethereal Library 5th-century Christian clergy 5th-century Gallo-Roman people History of Marseille Writers from Marseille 5th-century Latin writers 5th-century historians Clergy from Marseille Ancient Massaliotes

Elena Ilinykh

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<mask> (; born 25 April 1994) is a Russian former competitive ice dancer. With partner Ruslan Zhiganshin, she is the 2015 Russian national champion. With former partner Nikita Katsalapov, she is a 2014 Olympic champion in the team event, a 2014 Olympic bronze medalist in ice dancing, a three-time European medalist (silver in 2013 and 2014; bronze in 2012), and the 2010 World Junior champion. Also along with former partner Nikita Katsalapov, she is the second-youngest Olympic Ice Dance medalist in history and the junior world record holder for the Original Dance. Personal life <mask> was born in Aktau (Shevchenko), Kazakhstan and raised in Moscow, Russia. Her parents divorced when she was two years old. From around 2006 to 2008, Ilinykh lived in Michigan with her grandmother and became fluent in English.Her mother adopted a two-year-old boy in around 2010. As of 2020, Ilinykh is engaged to ballet dancer Sergei Polunin. On 16 January 2020, their son, Mir, was born in Miami, Florida, U.S. Mir means 'peace' or 'world' in Russian. Early skating career As a child, Ilinykh trained in single skating, under Natalia Dubinskaya, until her mother decided she should try ice dancing. She was paired with Nikita Katsalapov, who had trained in the same singles group. Irina Lobacheva and Ilia Averbukh were the team's first coaches. In 2005, <mask>/Katsalapov attended a training camp under Alexander Zhulin — who was preparing Tatiana Navka / Roman Kostomarov for their Olympic gold-medal winning season — but split soon after.In 2010, Ilinykh said that they were too young at the time to understand partnership. She left Russia and trained in Marina Zueva and Igor Shpilband's group in Canton, Michigan for two years without a partner. At some point, she had a brief partnership with Ivan Bukin, the son of 1988 Olympic ice dancing champion Andrei Bukin. Renewed partnership with Katsalapov Junior career In spring 2008, Ilinykh returned to Moscow after Katsalapov expressed interest in reuniting with her. He organized tryouts with her and other skaters at around the same time before making a final decision. <mask>/Katsalapov rejoined Zhulin and began competing together in the 2008–09 season, placing fourth at the Russian Junior Championships. Their international debut came in the 2009–10 season.After winning gold medals at their Junior Grand Prix events in Budapest and Torun, they qualified to the JGP Final, where they took the silver medal behind Ksenia Monko / Kirill Khaliavin. Though second also at the Russian Junior Championships, <mask>/Katsalapov outscored Monko/Khaliavin for the gold at the 2010 World Junior Championships. They were named Discovery of the Year at the 2010 Crystal Ice Awards held in October 2010 in Moscow. 2010–11 season For the 2010–11 season, <mask>/Katsalapov chose a ballet-themed free dance to Don Quixote: "[Zhulin] wanted us to do something classical Russian, and only very few people have done a real ballet program in dance." Ilinykh's tutu was made at the Bolshoi. They made their senior debut at the 2010 NHK Trophy where they finished fourth. At their next event, 2010 Cup of Russia, they won the bronze medal, their first medal on the senior Grand Prix series.At the 2011 Russian Nationals, they were second after the short dance behind Ekaterina Bobrova / Dmitri Soloviev but placed fourth in the free dance to finish third overall behind Ekaterina Riazanova / Ilia Tkachenko. However, their bronze medal was enough to earn them their first berth to the European Championships. At the 2011 Europeans, <mask>/Katsalapov set new personal bests in the short dance (60.93), free dance (92.55) and combined total (153.48) to finish fourth in their debut at the event. They were in a battle with Riazanova/Tkachenko for Russia's second of only two berths to the 2011 World Championships. By finishing ahead of them, <mask>/Katsalapov won the right to make their senior Worlds debut. They finished seventh at the event. Following the end of the season, they ended their collaboration with Alexander Zhulin and Oleg Volkov to begin working with new coach Nikolai Morozov in May 2011.During the off-season, they spent some time in the U.S. preparing for the 2011–12 season. 2011–12 season For the 2011–12 Grand Prix season, <mask>/Katsalapov were assigned to 2011 NHK Trophy and 2011 Trophée Eric Bompard. At NHK Trophy, they placed first in the short dance but in the warm-up before the free dance Ilinykh crashed into the boards and injured her knee. The couple finished the competition, winning the bronze medal, but withdrew from the exhibitions. <mask>/Katsalapov then finished fourth at the 2011 Trophee Eric Bompard. They won the silver medal at the 2012 Russian Championships. At the 2012 European Championships, <mask>/Katsalapov were seventh in the short dance but set a personal best in their free dance, resulting in an overall total of 153.12 points.They won the bronze medal at the event and then performed with Art on Ice. <mask>/Katsalapov finished 5th—the highest of the three Russian teams—at the 2012 World Championships. Their final event of the season was the 2012 World Team Trophy. 2012–13 season Ilinykh/Katsalapov started their season with gold at the 2012 Crystal Skate of Romania. They won silver at their first 2012–13 Grand Prix event, the 2012 Rostelecom Cup. At the 2012 NHK Trophy, <mask>/Katsalapov were third after the short dance. Ilinykh fell ill before the free dance due to food poisoning but went on to compete.They placed second in the segment and won the silver medal. They qualified for the 2012 Grand Prix Final in Sochi, Russia, and finished sixth at the event. At the 2013 Russian Championships, <mask>/Katsalapov won the silver medal behind defending national champions Ekaterina Bobrova / Dmitri Soloviev. At the 2013 European Championships, they placed second in the short dance and first in the free dance. They won the silver medal, just 0.11 of a point behind gold medalists Bobrova/Soloviev. <mask>/Katsalapov finished 9th at the 2013 World Championships. 2013–14 season Ilinykh/Katsalapov's first assignment of the 2013–14 Grand Prix season was the 2013 NHK Trophy where they placed fourth.At their next event, the 2013 Trophee Eric Bompard, they scored personal bests in both segments, finishing with an overall score of 171.89 points and winning the silver medal ahead of French ice dancers Nathalie Pechalat / Fabian Bourzat. Ilinykh/Katsalapov won their third national silver medal at the 2014 Russian Championships behind Bobrova/Soloviev and then won silver at the 2014 European Championships with an overall score 1.1 points less than gold medalists Cappellini/Lanotte. At the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi, <mask>/Katsalapov were assigned to the free dance in the inaugural team event. They placed third in their segment and Team Russia won the gold medal. Ilinykh/Katsalapov then won the bronze medal in the individual ice dancing event behind champions Meryl Davis / Charlie White and silver medalists Tessa Virtue / Scott Moir. They scored personal bests in both segments and an overall total of 183.48 points. At 19 years of age, <mask> is second youngest Olympic ice dance medalist in history after Marina Klimova.The next month, <mask>/Katsalapov traveled to Saitama, Japan for the 2014 World Championships. On 26 March 2014, just before the short dance, ITAR-TASS reported that they would split after the competition. Katsalapov had a serious error on the twizzles and they placed fifth in the short dance. Despite winning the next segment, they finished off the podium in the closely contested event. Their total score was just 1.05 less than the gold medalists. On 4 April 2014, Katsalapov confirmed to Ilinykh that he wanted to end their partnership. Partnership with Zhiganshin Soon after, in early April 2014, Ilinykh accepted an invitation from Ruslan Zhiganshin's coaches to try out with their student.Coached by <mask> in Moscow, Ilinykh/Zhiganshin began training together in an unofficial partnership — the Russian federation having decided to give <mask>/Katsalapov time to reconcile — and received approval at the end of May. 2014–15 season For the 2014–15 Grand Prix season, Ilinykh/Zhiganshin were assigned to Cup of China and Rostelecom Cup. Making their international debut, they placed fourth at Cup of China and then won the silver medal behind Americans Madison Chock / Evan Bates at Rostelecom Cup. They qualified for the Grand Prix Final in their first season as a team. At the GPF in Barcelona, they placed sixth in the short dance, fourth in the free dance, and sixth overall. At the 2015 Russian Championships, Ilinykh/Zhiganshin won the national title in their first season as a team. 2015–16 season Ilinykh/Zhiganshin began their season at the Mordovian Ornament, which they won with new personal bests in all segments.For the 2015–16 Grand Prix season, they were once again assigned to Cup of China and Rostelecom Cup. They won the bronze at Cup of China behind Italians Anna Cappellini / Luca Lanotte and Americans Madison Chock / Evan Bates. Their next competition they finished 5th at the 2015 Rostelecom Cup. On 24–27 December, Ilinykh/Zhiganshin competed at the 2016 Russian Championships, where they finished 4th behind Alexandra Stepanova / Ivan Bukin after placing fourth in the short dance and second in the free dance. Ilinykh/Zhiganshin decided to fly to Michigan on 27 February 2016 to work with Igor Shpilband. 2016–17 season They finished fourth at the 2017 Russian Championships, losing the bronze to Sinisina/Katsalapov by 0.17. They had a one-point deduction after part of their costume fell onto the ice.Programs With Zhiganshin With Katsalapov Competitive highlights GP: Grand Prix; CS: Challenger Series; JGP: Junior Grand Prix With Shibnev With Zhiganshin With Katsalapov Detailed results Small medals for short and free programs awarded only at ISU Championships. With Zhiganshin With Katsalapov References External links 1994 births Living people Russian female ice dancers Figure skaters from Moscow People from Aktau European Figure Skating Championships medalists World Junior Figure Skating Championships medalists Figure skaters at the 2014 Winter Olympics Olympic figure skaters of Russia Medalists at the 2014 Winter Olympics Olympic medalists in figure skating Olympic gold medalists for Russia Olympic bronze medalists for Russia Kazakhstani emigrants to Russia

Joseph Mitchell (writer)

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<mask> (July 27, 1908 – May 24, 1996) was an American writer best known for his works of creative nonfiction he published in The New Yorker. His work primarily consists of character studies, where he used detailed portraits of people and events to highlight the commonplace of the world, especially in and around New York City. Biography Early life <mask> was born on July 27, 1908 on his maternal grandfather's farm near Fairmont, North Carolina and was the son of Averette Nance and <mask>. He had five younger siblings: Jack, Elizabeth, Linda, Harry, and Laura. <mask>'s father, a fourth generation cotton and tobacco farmer, was a Southerner steeped in the values of the Baptist church, and he tried to instill these values into his children. As his eldest son, Averette hoped that <mask> would someday take over the family business and continue the family's legacy. <mask>'s adventurous personality as a child contradicted his father's staunch work ethic and traditional Southern values.From a young age, <mask> was deeply touched by nature. He loved to climb trees, and it was one of the few activities that allowed an outlet for his young imagination to develop. He also tended to escape to the swamps surrounding his father's property as often as he could, as it allowed him to feel connected to the world around him. <mask> stated, "the water mesmerized me; everything in it interested me, still or moving, dead or alive." Education <mask> left home and attended college at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in 1925. As a journalism major, he was "a solid if not superior student," and he was successful in humanities courses such as history, language, music, and literature and explored classes in nearly every subject. Aside from his studies, he began writing for the campus literary magazine and newspaper as a sports reporter.Because he had no aptitude for mathematics, he was unable to successfully finish his degree. He left college and moved to New York City in 1929. Family On February 27, 1932, he married Therese Jacobsen, a reporter and photographer. They remained married until her death in 1980, and had two daughters, Nora and Elizabeth. Mental health <mask> suffered from depression all of his life. An unsteady relationship with his father and his lack of belonging in his two homes of North Carolina and New York left <mask> isolated and listless for much of his life. He lived in an era of psychology that focused purely on anxiety, and doctors regarded depression as a severe side effect of existing anxiety.However, symptoms of this condition did not clearly manifest in his life until late in his career. Many of <mask>'s coworkers, as well as his biographer, Thomas Kunkel, tell of the toll the subjects of his works had on him, specifically his greatest subject, Joe Gould. <mask> once remarked to Washington Post writer David Streitfeld, "You pick someone so close that, in fact, you are writing about yourself. Joe Gould had to leave home because he didn't fit in, the same way I had to leave home because I didn't fit in. Talking to Joe Gould all those years he became me in a way, if you see what I mean." Even with Joe Gould as a way to explore his own reality, <mask> began to attract characters with similar attributes. In a feature within The New Yorker magazine, Charles Mcgrath notes that "the critic Stanley Edgar Hyman first pointed out that the people <mask> wrote about more and more resembled himself: loners, depressives, nostalgists, haunters of the waterfront, cherishers of arcane information.The characters in his pieces began to share a similar voice; they all sounded a little like <mask>." From 1964 until his death in 1996, <mask> would go to work at his office on a daily basis, but he never published anything further. Although he struggled to publish, he did write hundreds of pages of manuscripts for several pieces, including his own memoir, which Thomas Kunkel used extensively in writing <mask>'s biography. After he died, his colleague Roger Angell wrote:Each morning, he stepped out of the elevator with a preoccupied air, nodded wordlessly if you were just coming down the hall, and closed himself in his office. He emerged at lunchtime, always wearing his natty brown fedora (in summer, a straw one) and a tan raincoat; an hour and a half later, he reversed the process, again closing the door. Not much typing was heard from within, and people who called on Joe reported that his desktop was empty of everything but paper and pencils. When the end of the day came, he went home.Sometimes, in the evening elevator, I heard him emit a small sigh, but he never complained, never explained.While his battle with mental illness continued in the workplace, he was known by his family as a dependable and caring father and husband at home. Therese Jacobson and their children, Nora and Elizabeth, retained nothing but fond memories of their father, even though they knew he was struggling in his career. Death In 1995, <mask> was diagnosed with lung cancer after he began experiencing back pain. The cancer eventually spread and metastasized in his brain. On May 24, 1996, <mask> died at Columbia-Presbyterian Medical Center in Manhattan at the age of 87. He was laid to rest in Floyd Memorial Cemetery in his hometown of Fairmont, North Carolina next to his wife. His daughters inscribed a quote from Shakespeare's seventy-third sonnet, which was one of his favorite lines in literature: "Bare ruined choirs, where late the sweet birds sang."Further reading For more information on <mask>'s biography and daily life, see Thomas Kunkel's Man in Profile: <mask> of The New Yorker (2015). Career <mask> came to New York City in 1929, at the age of 21, with the ambition of becoming a political reporter. He worked for such newspapers as The World, the New York Herald Tribune, and the New York World-Telegram, at first covering crime and then doing interviews, profiles, and character sketches. In 1931, he took a break from journalism to work on a freighter that sailed to Leningrad and brought back pulp logs to New York City. He returned to journalism later that year and continued to write for New York newspapers until he was hired by St. Clair McKelway at The New Yorker in 1938. He remained with the magazine until his death in 1996. His book Up in the Old Hotel collects the best of his writing for The New Yorker, and his earlier book My Ears Are Bent collects the best of his early journalistic writing, which he omitted from Up in the Old Hotel.<mask>'s last book was his empathetic account of the Greenwich Village street character and self-proclaimed historian Joe Gould's extravagantly disguised case of writer's block, published as Joe Gould's Secret (1964). <mask> served on the board of directors of the Gypsy Lore Society, was one of the founders of the South Street Seaport Museum, was involved with the Friends of Cast-Iron Architecture, and served five years on the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission. In August 1937, he placed third in a clam-eating tournament on Block Island by eating 84 cherrystone clams. In 2008, The Library of America selected <mask>'s story "Execution" for inclusion in its two-century retrospective of American True Crime. The February 11, 2013 edition of The New Yorker includes a previously unpublished portion of <mask>'s unfinished autobiography entitled "Street Life: Becoming Part of the City." Central themes Character study Seen throughout <mask>'s oeuvre is his distinct focus on the underdog characters, or the laymen of NYC, and the focus on unexpected characters. For example, Mazie is a central focus for a New Yorker article bearing her name.“Mazie” first appears in the print edition of the December 21, 1940 issue of The New Yorker.The piece, later published in <mask>'s collection of essays in Up in the Old Hotel, creates and canonizes Mazie, a woman who worked in the ticket booth of The Venice theatre. <mask>'s meticulous reporting skills result in an account of Mazie complete with factual details, close observation, and direct quotations. Critics believe Mazie resembles <mask> himself: they share an affinity for remembering small facts and giving attention to the overlooked members of society. Mazie P. Gordon is tough and blunt. Detective Kain of the Oak Street Police Station declares that Mazie “has the roughest tongue and the softest heart in the Third Precinct. In <mask>'s profile, her life is confined to the ticket booth of the movie theatre where she socializes with “bums” that come and go from the surrounding flophouses. Direct conversations detail her interactions with her community.<mask> was open to taking on the challenge of profiling the female central character of Mazie. The writing process was challenging until his central character would give him “the revealing remark.” The 1938 World Telegram description of Mazie P. Gordon reveals she was known as “Miss Mazie” to the men she interacted with around the Venice Theatre. She is blonde, kind, and has exaggerated hair and makeup. Two years later, when <mask> profiled Mazie in The New Yorker, some critics called <mask> an anthropologist in his description. Mazie becomes more than just a blonde and kind woman, and instead is shown to be complex and strong-willed. <mask>'s close observation of Mazie set a new standard for writers and reporters. <mask>'s curiosity without judgement inspired writers to continue Mazie's legacy.The character of Mazie is popularized by the novel Saint Mazie by Jami Attenberg. She encountered “Mazie” through <mask>'s collection of his magazine pieces, and used <mask>'s profile to fashion Mazie into a fictional character. Ultimately, Mazie archetypes <mask>'s distinct characteristics that intrigue readers. Much of this intrigue, for all of <mask>'s underdog characters, comes from the access he provides into the lives of the people that the readers of the New Yorker wouldn't normally meet. The Rivermen, for instance, would be irrelevant people to most of NYC citizens until <mask> brings them into focus for the readers. In yet another way, Rats on the Waterfront (Thirty-Two Rats From Casablanca) tells a compelling story where the central character is not even human. <mask>'s focus on these unlikely characters gives his nonfiction a very distinct character.Time and passing The term "<mask> time" was coined by novelist Thomas Beller to describe the gauzy effect in <mask>'s writings. He goes on to further describe <mask>'s temporal dimension as a "strange and twilight place where a density of historical fact and the feeling of whole eras fading from view are sharply juxtaposed with the senses of cinematic immediacy related in the present tense." <mask>'s distinctive voice can be seen in many, if not all, of his works. The most notable example of "<mask> time" is seen in the story Mr. Hunter's Grave where the narrative tells of the overlapping of many eras occurring in one small location. Landscape study <mask> was born in North Carolina, yet throughout the majority of his writing career he centred his writing around New York City and its subjects. He brought a distinct and unique style of reporting to NYC that stemmed from his Southern upbringing. <mask> was said to have brought the ultimate Southern courtesy of accepting “people on their own terms”.Although he was a Brooklyn police reporter at first, by the time he moved to work in Harlem he began to connect with the “raffish side” of the NYC borough and it was here that his deep affection for NYC and its people started to blossom. Scholars claim that <mask>'s 1959 collection entitled The Bottom of the Harbor is his best and most “elegiac account of New York”. It is here that <mask> references not only the underdog characters of NYC, but also the underdog places - such as the Fulton Fish Market; a reoccurring place of study in this water based collection. For example, Dragger Captain is “the story of an old salt in the fleet out of Stonington, Connecticut, that supplies the Fulton Fish Market with flounder”. But it is once again <mask>'s character selection in The Bottom of the Harbor that allows him to portray NYC in his signature matte style. The subjects "are mainly old men, they are custodians of memory, their stories a link with the history of a city that has always been mercantile at heart." Additionally, <mask> liked to visit the Edgewater Cemetery, which was the inspiration for one of his most famous articles - Mr Hunter’s Grave.From North Carolina he “brought an interest in wildflowers” and these flowers “could be found most easily in overgrown cemeteries around New York City.” <mask> managed to discover these quaint everyday places as he would often set off to work in his New Yorker office, but instead, he would carry on walking, taking in NYC and its landscape. Indeed, much of <mask>'s work was conceived due to his enchanted meandering of NYC where he “walked the city incessantly . . . little escaped his notice” Selected works "Up in the Old Hotel" In <mask>'s feature "Up in the Old Hotel'," <mask> explores the Fulton Fish Market of New York, specifically Sloppy Louie's Restaurant. He features the owner of the space, and explores the character in full before adventuring up the old elevator shaft with Louie and exploring the abandoned and sectioned-off old hotel space. In his opening, <mask> surveys the personality of the man he has this experience with, setting the mood for the entire piece. Louie is an Italian immigrant that worked for years in restaurants around the city until The Crash of 1929, when the property that is now his restaurant finally came into his price range. It was never the flashiest or nicest building, but it was near the market and was plenty successful in housing a small restaurant.Louie is constantly experimenting with his dishes, making his shop the place to stop and try a new kind of fish, or other seafood. Growing up in a small Italian fishing village himself, he does not shy away from different flavors and possibilities with his fish. He's a humble and gentlemanly man that adds an air of propriety and humility to everything he does; he works the same as any of his employees to keep his restaurant running, doing the same jobs, and always keeps a white cloth folded over his arm for the sake of class, even when he's only running the register. He maintains relationships with his regular customers, like <mask>, and fosters business relationships with the fishermen that bring their catches to the dock for sale at the Fulton Market. "Up in the Old Hotel" isn't just the story of Louie, or Sloppy Louie's, but about the closed-off elevator shaft that not even Louie has ever traveled up into. This comes about over breakfast, when Louie tells <mask> he may need to add extra tables to the second floor of his place to make up for the growing lunch crowds coming in. When <mask> points out he has four empty floors above them, Louie explains that only the first two floors have stairs to access them, and the rest of the building is closed off.Out of pure curiosity, <mask> agrees to be the man who will go up to the unused four floors with Louie for the first time, when the opportunity arises. The elevator shaft, the equipment, nor the space above has been used or even really touched since it was shut out, making it a particularly risky endeavor for both of the men, and upon realizing it is safe to use, they travel up to the old hotel that hasn't been seen by anyone in  decades. Up on the first blocked floor, the two men find the remains

Joseph Mitchell (writer)

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of what was once a high-end hotel, finding bureaus with playing cards, hangers, mirrors, and the sign to the reading room. The environment itself was depressing to <mask>, and he decided the leave immediately, so neither of the men bothered to go up to the floor above them. This feature by <mask> really clings to his notions of the passage of time, and the coming change in New York, and the rest of the world. "Mr. Hunter's Grave" "Mr. Hunter's Grave" was published by The New Yorker on September 22, 1956. To this day, the piece remains one of <mask>'s biggest journalistic successes—with an array of positive reviews."Mr. Hunter's Grave" was republished in one of <mask>'s collections, Up In The Old Hotel, which was released in 1992. The article is based on an encounter <mask> had with an African-American man named George Hunter, who lived in Sandy Ground, a black community in Staten Island, one that is credited with being the oldest, established, free black community in the United States. This article in particular begins with what one could consider a “typical <mask> day” and allows for the reader to get closer to <mask> in a sense. One day, <mask> wakes up, admittedly feeling stressed form his surroundings, packs a couple sandwiches, and decides to go down to Staten Island to explore the cemeteries. <mask> walks the reader through a number of cemeteries he enjoys walking through on days like that day, which include places such as “Woodrow Methodist Church on Woodrow Road in the Woodrow community, or to the cemetery of St. Luke’s Episcopal Church on the Arthur Kill Road in the Rossville community, or to one on the Arthur Kill Road on the outskirts of Rossville” before leading the reader to The South Shore, a more rural part of Staten Island, where trees tend to dominate, and a place where some of the oldest graveyards can be found, (<mask>). <mask> continues his exploration of several graveyards, stopping at gravestones, studying them, reading the names off of them, and moving vines and dirt off of certain ones he ponders upon. <mask> begins to grow weary, preparing to leave the graveyard off of Rossville until he notices a wildflower that catches his attention, drawn to the grave of a Rachel Dissoway, which is when <mask> is noticed by the rector of the graveyard, Mr. Brock.The two men discuss <mask>'s interest in wild flowers, particularly Peppergrass, which leads to Mr. Brock telling <mask> about a cemetery in a black community off of Bloomingdale Road. Mr. Brock gives <mask> the contact of a Mr. G. Hunter, who is the chairman of trustees of the Methodist Church in the community, Sandy Ground, where <mask> would like to go look for Peppergrass. <mask>, using the information given to him by Mr. Brock, contacts Mr. Hunter, and sets up a time to meet the man at his house that coming Saturday morning, for him to explore Sandy Ground. On Saturday morning, <mask> arrives at Mr. Hunter's home, where he is greeted by Mr. Hunter, who at the time of his arrival is icing a cake. In the time while <mask> is at Mr. Hunter's home, <mask> learns a great deal about the history of Sandy Ground. While in the kitchen, the two men discuss multiple concepts—such as the wildflower pokeweed that the older women of Sandy Ground, including Mr. Hunter's mother, believed that they root had healing properties, even though others just generally regard them as poisonous. Following this, there's commentary about what kind of wood Mr. Hunter's house is built of, and talk about how much he despises flies while the two men are sitting on the porch, (as well as a discussion about the history of Sandy Ground, which started due to the wanting of oysters).Following the incident with the flies, Mr. Hunter and <mask> begin their trip to the graveyard. On the way to the graveyard, <mask> discusses more discussion regarding Mr. Hunter's family and himself—such as the fact that Mr. Hunter wasn't born in the South, but his mother was; more so, his mother was a slave from Virginia, and her mother before her. After Mr. Hunter's mother's slavery days, she moved to Brooklyn, where she met and married his father, although, after his father served a sentence, the family moved to Sandy Ground, hoping to get work by harvesting oysters. After his father's death, Mr. Hunter's mother married a man from Sandy Ground, who Mr. Hunter did not much care for, but goes into the history of his step family nonetheless. Mr. Hunter then goes into discuss how he too became a drunk, and the several jobs he had such as a bricklayer and a business owner, before marrying his first wife. Mr. Hunter reveals that he was married twice, and lost both his wives, he also reveals that he had a son who died. After this revelation, the two men enter the cemetery.The men discuss different roots, some of which <mask> is familiar with, and one of which he is not, until they come across a grave that Mr. Hunter says is his Uncle's. Mr. Hunter, while <mask> explores a little more, works on getting the vines off the gravestone, so the two men can better observe it. Following this, the two men stop at a number of different graves, with Mr. Hunter narrating short life stories of each individual they tend to stop at. The routine of stopping, narrating, and continuing comes to a cease upon the two men reaching Mr. Hunter's plot, where he will actually not be buried due to a mishap—of which Mr. Hunter explains clearly, and emotionally, admitting it outraged him. Taking two steps further, Mr. Hunter shows <mask> were he will be buried in all actuality, stating, “'Ah, well, (…), it won’t make any difference'” ending the article, (<mask>). The article, like many others did acquire a level of scrutiny following the publication of a <mask> biography written by Thomas Kunkel in 2015. Kunkel's biography brought to light several fascinating facts about <mask>'s life, however, some of the information provided from it opened up a wormhole, specifically the revelation that certain pieces of <mask>'s articles were fabricated and the period of time of which the events took place shortened.Many critics it appears were distraught, such as Michael Rosenwald, a writer for the Columbia Journalism Review. Following the publication of the book, Rosenwald wrote an article entitled, “‘I Wish This Guy Hadn’t Written This Book’”. In this article, Rosenwald explores his own relationship with <mask> -- stating how the man influenced both himself and other generations of writers and how his favorite article by him is "Mr. Hunter's Grave", then goes into his disappointment about what was put in the Kunkel biography, stating, “For me, learning these things was like a kid discovering his favorite baseball player whacked long home runs while juicing on steroids” showcasing the betrayal he felt. Rosenwald's article also entails the opinion of another well respected journalist, Gay Talese, who Rosenwald is friends with. Upon reading the novel, and hearing about it himself, Rosenwald records that Talese said something along the lines of, “'To hear that one of the guys I grew up admiring did things I don’t think I’d want to be accused of doing, it’s troubling and sad'”. "Dragger Captain" In January 1947 "Dragger Captain" appeared in The New Yorker in two parts. In this profile <mask> talks to and follows 47-year-old Ellery Thompson who is captain of a dragger boat, named Eleanor.The Eleanor works out of Stonington port in Connecticut. <mask> chooses Ellery Thompson as he is “the most skillful and the most respected of the captain in the Stonington fleet”. <mask> and Captain Thompson soon find that they have compatible personalities, thus, allowing <mask> to accompany Ellery during his drags. Throughout the article we gradually learn more about Ellery as a person and not just a dragger captain. Ellery's brother, Morris, died at sea trying to combat poor sailing conditions to try and make a living. Ellery has to then drag for his own brother's body, giving us an insight as to the reason why Ellery looks upon life “with a droll world-weariness”. But Ellery is also a kind and thoughtful man.For example, unlike other draggers, he keeps the best lobster he catches for himself and his crew. Additionally, when the oceanographers from Yale University sail with him on the Eleanor one day a month he flies an “old Yale pennant”. The article closes with Frank, one of Ellery's two crew mates, telling an interesting folk tale. The story is about Old Chrissy, “an old rascal of a woman that was the head of a gang of Block Island wreckers”. The gig was that Chrissy and her crew would lure ships in “with false lights, & they killed the sailors & the passengers, so there wouldn't be any tales told”. On one occasion she unknowingly lures in her own son's ship. But, she chooses to “clout him on the head.‘A son’s a son,’ she said, ‘but a wreck’s a wreck”. “Dragger Captain” was met with much critical acclaim. So much so, that the rights were acquired by Warner Brothers and it was rumoured that they were going to “develop it for Gary Cooper”. Thompson was promised 10% of any proceeds by <mask>. Ultimately though, nothing came of the rumours with Michell calling it “studio commissary gossip” and stating that “the only truth in it is that a writer has been assigned to try and work out a script on dragger finishing, using the Profile as background”. Joe Gould's Secret In Joe Gould's Secret (1965), <mask> expanded upon two earlier New Yorker profiles, “Professor Sea Gull” (1942) and “Joe Gould’s Secret” (1964), concerning Joe Gould, an eccentric bohemian living in New York City. Following Gould's death, <mask> embarks on a search for the massive book Gould had long claimed to be writing, An Oral History of Our Time.<mask> soon learns that the purportedly nine-million-word work of oral history does not exist. However, he finds that Gould is a popular and central figure within a number of New York circles. Extending <mask>'s abiding concerns with the anti-hero and the New York landscape,Joe Gould’s Secret also captures the essence of Gould's non-existent oral history by preserving the life and voice of Joe Gould. Gould's writing is digressive and self-referential; however, <mask>'s writing in Joe Gould’s Secret diverges from his previous works. <mask> often speaks in first person while offering personal accounts and memories revolving around the plot. Furthermore, Gould's nonexistent “Oral History” is an attempt to capture the voices of the plebeian class, or the anti-heroes. <mask>'s entire work, especially Joe Gould’s Secret, captures the selfsame essence.His work often revolves around character study, in which he captures Joe Gould's profile. Gould struggles with writing and rewriting the first few chapters of his “Oral History” because of writer's block. Ironically, <mask>, himself, is struggling with a degree of writer's block in which he was unable, later in life, to continue his previous writing output. Critical reception Critical reviews of <mask>'s works are, almost overwhelmingly, positive. Many critics have labeled <mask> "the best reporter in the country" and marked him as the writer with whom "any writer with aspirations in literary journalism...has to reckon with," and the writer that "transform[ed] the craft of reporting into art". William Zinsser states that <mask> serves as the "primary textbook" for "nonfiction writers of any generation". Critics credit <mask>'s strength as a writer to his "skills as an interviewer, photographic representation of his characters and their speech, deadpan humor, and graceful, unadorned prose style".Critics also note that it is <mask>'s "respect and compassion for his subjects" that allows him to explore uncomfortable themes like "mortality, change, and the past". Throughout <mask>'s career, he has been praised for his "ear for dialogue and eye for detail, genuine interest in the lives of his subjects, rhythmic, simple prose". For many critics, <mask> serves as the model writer for "generations of nonfiction writers" In the latter part of <mask>'s career, critics began to note that the tone of his writing had become "increasingly nostalgic" but that he retained his "earthly sense of humor and obvious delight in making new discoveries about New York". One notable literary critic, Noel Perrin, notes that "<mask> described the life and even the very soul of New York as perhaps no one else ever has". There are critics who question <mask>'s legacy as a journalist because of his tendency to "cross a line" between fiction and nonfiction, often "shaping the facts" of his stories to offer "the core 'truth' of the story" rather than "its interior factuality". One critic asks, "knowing [<mask>] fabricated and embellished, how should we view his legacy?" In popular culture In 2000, Joe Gould's Secret, a feature film directed by Stanley Tucci and written by Howard A. Rodman, was released.It focuses on the relationship between <mask> (played by Tucci) and Joe Gould (Ian Holm) during the 1940s. <mask> is portrayed in The Blackwell Series, an indie computer game series revolving around paranormal themes. In the second game of the series, the player encounters <mask> during the prolonged writer's block of his later years. In the third game of the series, the player encounters ghosts of both <mask> and Joe Gould. <mask> is referenced by the editor of the Baltimore Sun, Gus Haynes, in the last episode of the HBO drama The Wire. Steve Earle's song "Down Here Below", from Washington Square Serenade, mentions <mask> directly saying, “I saw <mask>'s ghost on a downtown 'A' train. He just rides on forever now that the Fulton Fish Market's shut down."Bibliography Collections from prior newspaper works Collections of work from The New Yorker ) All works from The New Yorker 1931–1939 Comment With E.B. White Comment (January 16, 1931) Comment With E.B. White Comment (August 12, 1932) High Hats' Harold D. Winney & <mask> The Talk of the Town (June 9, 1933) Reporter at Large They Got Married in Elkton A Reporter at Large (November 3, 1933) Home Girl Profiles (February 23, 1934) Reporter at Large. Bar and Grill. A Reporter at Large (November 13, 1936) Mr. Grover A. Whalen and the Midway A Reporter at Large (June 25, 1937) The Kind Old Blonde Fiction (May 27, 1938) Reporter at Large A Reporter at Large (August 19, 1938) Mrs. Bright and Shining Star Chibby Fiction (October 28, 1938) I Couldn't Dope it Out Fiction (December 2, 1938) Christmas Story A Reporter at Large (December 16, 1938) Obituary of a Gin Mill A Reporter at Large (December 30, 1938) Downfall of Fascism in Black Ankle County Fiction (January 6, 1939) The Little Brutes! A Reporter at Large (February 3, 1939) Dignity.The Talk of the Town (February 10, 1939) All You Can Hold For Five Bucks. With Eugene Kinkead & Harold Ross The Talk of the Town (January 24, 1941) Mr. Colborne's Profanity-Exterminators Profiles (April 25, 1941) But There is No Sound A Reporter at Large (September 12, 1941) The Tooth Profiles (October 24, 1941) King of the Gypsies Profiles (August 7, 1942) Professor Sea Gull Profiles (December 4, 1942) Comment Comment (April 23, 1943) A Spism and a Spasm Profiles (July 16, 1943) The Mayor of the Fish Market Profiles (December 24, 1943) Rebate. With F. Whitz The Talk of the Town (February 25, 1944) Thirty-Two Rats from Casablanca A Reporter at Large (April 21, 1944) Coffins! Undertakers! Hearses! Funeral Parlors! A Reporter at Large (November 17, 1944) Solution.(March 2, 1945) Mr. Flood's Party A Reporter at Large (July 27, 1945) Dragger

Elena Skuin

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<mask> (, ; April 2, 1908, Ekaterinodar, Russian Empire – 1986, Leningrad, USSR) was a Soviet, Russian–Latvian painter, watercolorist, graphic artist, and art teacher, lived and worked in Leningrad, a member of the Leningrad Union of Artists, regarded as one of representatives of the Leningrad school of painting, most famous for her still life painting. Biography <mask> was born April 2, 1908 in Ekaterinodar, Kuban Oblast, Russian Empire, in the teacher's family, who arrived in the Kuban from Riga. After graduation nine-years high school she studied in 1926-1930 at the Kuban Teachers College, where she gained first professional skills of the painter. After graduating from college in 1930-1931 she taught drawing in high school in Krasnodar. Ability to draw, a bright character and a desire to improve in their chosen profession identified further choice of the path. In 1931 <mask> comes to Leningrad, worked as an artist at the Stalin Metalworks, then studied at the Institute for Advanced education of Art workers. In 1936 <mask> entered at the third course of the Painting department of the Leningrad Institute of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture.She studied of Semion Abugov, Genrikh Pavlovsky, Dmitry Mitrokhin, Rudolf Frentz. In 1939 <mask> graduated from Leningrad Institute of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture in Alexander Osmerkin personal Art Studio. Her graduate work was genre painting named "Lesson of the circle, studying the Naval Science" (Museum of Academy of Arts, Saint Petersburg). In October 1939 <mask> was admitted to the Leningrad Union of Soviet Artists, receiving a membership card number 285. In 1940-1941, by the invitation of Professor Rudolf Frentz she works as an assistant in his studio of battle painting of the Leningrad Institute of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture. After the beginning of Great Patriotic War <mask> and her daughter were evacuated to Kazakhstan in city Leninsk-Kuznetsk. There she worked as an artist of Drama Theater named after S. Ordzhonikidze, participated in the design of the city, as well as exhibitions of artists of Kuzbass.In 1944 <mask> returned to Leningrad. She began her teaching job, first in the Secondary Art School at the Leningrad Institute of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture named after Ilya Repin, then at the Department of General Painting in Vera Mukhina Institute. At the same time she works a lot creatively and participated in most exhibitions of Leningrad artists. She painted genre paintings, portraits, still lifes, and landscapes. She worked in oil painting, watercolors, charcoal drawings. The greatest success and recognition achieved in the genre of still life paintings and watercolors. In 1951 <mask> leave teaching and move to work under contracts with LenIzo (Commercial Association of Leningrad Artists) as an artist of painting.It was during this period of still life is establishing itself as the leading genre in her work. This is evidenced by the work shown at the Spring exhibitions of Leningrad artists in 1954 and 1955 years, and the Autumn exhibitions in 1956 and 1958 years. Still lifes with flowers and fruits that are painted by her in this period were frankly fictional, masterfully orchestrated, elegant and solemn talking about the fullness and joy of life. In 1960s <mask> made some creative journeys in search of material for paintings, including her native Kuban land. Their results led to numerous sketches done from the life, also paintings "Tobacco of Kuban", "In horticulture" (both 1962), "Tobacco", "Garden Still Life" (both 1964), and others, as well as turn in the manner of her painting. After trips to the Kuban tonal painting techniques are giving way to decorative painting. The leading place in her works is given color spot, specifying the character of the composition.For her manners are typical of a bright saturated colors, exquisite color relationships, broad painting, decorative and upbeat attitude. A peak of her decorative painting comes in the works of 1971 "Dark-blue buckets", and "Still Life with red balloons". Here the color spot conveys the shape of objects with modeling just one silhouette. The brevity decision created at the same time a wide range of associations. A color of objects, ordinary and familiar, becomes self-sufficient, and received semi-mystical importance, with a deep richness of overtones, with a broad associative, emotional content. Among her famous paintings of this period are "Still Life with Quince", "Still Life with Fish" (both 1961), "Begonia", "Watering can and Roses" (both 1964), "Violets" (1965), "Still Life with Jug and persimmon", "Blue Still Life" (both 1968), "The branch of the Apricot Tree" (1968), "Wistarias", "Lacemaker" (both 1969), "Evening Primrose and Cyclamen" (1971), "Favorite profession. Florists" (1975), "Lilacs", "The Apple Tree in Blossom" (both 1980), and others.In 1970s <mask>in lot works in watercolor. Such works as "Still Life with bluebell" (1969), "Old English china and pineapple" (1971), "Red Corner" (1974), and others can be attributed her as outstanding master of watercolors. Owning a variety of watercolor techniques, she created a vivid memorable images close contemporary of the objective world, passing its aesthetic value and giving warmth things that make our everyday environment. Her solo exhibitions were in Leningrad (1978) and Saint Petersburg (2005). <mask> <mask> died in Leningrad in 1986. Her paintings reside in State Russian Museum, in Art museums and private collections in Russia, in the U.S., Japan, Germany, England, France, and throughout the world. See also Leningrad School of Painting List of 20th-century Russian painters List of painters of Saint Petersburg Union of Artists Saint Petersburg Union of Artists References Sources The Spring Exhibition of works by Leningrad artists of 1954.Catalogue. - Leningrad: Izogiz, 1954. - p. 18. The Spring Exhibition of works by Leningrad artists of 1955. Catalogue. - Leningrad: Leningrad Union of artists, 1956. - p. 17.The Fall Exhibition of works by Leningrad artists of 1956. Catalogue. - Leningrad: Leningrad artist, 1958. - p. 22. The Fall Exhibition of works by Leningrad artists of 1958. Catalogue. - Leningrad: Khudozhnik RSFSR, 1959.- p. 25. Exhibition of works by Leningrad artists of 1960. Exhibition catalogue. - Leningrad: Khudozhnik RSFSR, 1961. - p. 38. Exhibition of works by Leningrad artists of 1961. Exhibition catalogue.- Leningrad: Khudozhnik RSFSR, 1964. - p. 37. The Fall Exhibition of works by Leningrad artists of 1962. Catalogue. - Leningrad: Khudozhnik RSFSR, 1962. - p. 25. The Leningrad Fine Arts Exhibition.- Leningrad: Khudozhnik RSFSR, 1964. - p. 50. The Spring Exhibition of works by Leningrad artists of 1965. Catalogue. - Leningrad: Khudozhnik RSFSR, 1970. - p. 28. The Fall Exhibition of works by Leningrad artists of 1968.Catalogue. - Leningrad: Khudozhnik RSFSR, 1971. - p. 14. The Spring Exhibition of works by Leningrad artists of 1969. Catalogue. - Leningrad: Khudozhnik RSFSR, 1970. - p. 17.Our Contemporary Exhibition catalogue of works by Leningrad artists of 1971. - Leningrad: Khudozhnik RSFSR, 1972. - p. 20. Art works by Russian Federation Artists grants to Museums and Culture Institutions (1963–1971). Official Catalogue. - Moscow: Russian Federation Union of Artists, 1972. - p. 102.The Still-Life Exhibition of works by Leningrad artists. Exhibition catalogue. - Leningrad: Khudozhnik RSFSR, 1973. - p. 12. Our Contemporary regional exhibition of Leningrad artists of 1975. Catalogue. - Leningrad: Khudozhnik RSFSR, 1980.- p. 24. The Fine Arts of Leningrad. Exhibition catalogue. - Leningrad: Khudozhnik RSFSR, 1976. - p. 30. Exhibition of works by Leningrad artists dedicated to the 60th Anniversary of October Revolution. Catalogue.- Leningrad: Khudozhnik RSFSR, 1982. - p. 21. Directory of Members of the Union of Artists of USSR. Volume 2. - Moscow: Soviet artist, 1979. - p. 356. Regional Exhibition of works by Leningrad artists of 1980.Exhibition catalogue. - Leningrad: Khudozhnik RSFSR, 1983. - p. 23. Charmes Russes. Auction Catalogue. - Paris: Drouot Richelieu, 15 Mai 1991. - p. 77.Saint-Pétersbourg - Pont-Audemer. Dessins, Gravures, Sculptures et Tableaux du XX siècle du fonds de L' Union des Artistes de Saint-Pétersbourg. - Pont-Audemer: 1994. - p. 49. Sergei V. Ivanov. The Still-Life in Painting of 1940-1990s. The Leningrad School.Exhibition catalogue. - Saint Petersburg: Nikolai Nekrasov Memorial museum, 1997. - p. 6. In Memory of the Teacher. Exhibition of Saint Petersburg artists - students of Alexander Osmerkin. - Saint Petersburg: Nikolai Nekrasov Memorial Museum, 1997. - p. 4–5.Matthew C. Bown. Dictionary of 20th Century Russian and Soviet Painters 1900-1980s. - London: Izomar, 1998. , . Link of Times: 1932 - 1997. Artists - Members of Saint - Petersburg Union of Artists of Russia. Exhibition catalogue. - Saint - Petersburg: Manezh Central Exhibition Hall, 1997.- p. 298. <mask> <mask>. - Saint petersburg: RusArt, 2005. Sergei V. Ivanov. Unknown Socialist Realism. The Leningrad School.- Saint Petersburg: NP-Print Edition, 2007. – pp.9, 15, 20, 21, 369, 384, 385, 389-397, 401, 404-407, 439, 443. , . Anniversary Directory graduates of Saint Petersburg State Academic Institute of Painting, Sculpture, and Architecture named after Ilya Repin, Russian Academy of Arts. 1915 - 2005. - Saint Petersburg: Pervotsvet Publishing House, 2007. p. 51. . Логвинова Е. Круглый стол по ленинградскому искусству в галерее АРКА // Петербургские искусствоведческие тетради. Вып. 31. СПб, 2014.С.17-26. External links Art works and Biography of <mask>in in ARKA Fine Art Gallery 1908 births 1986 deaths People from Krasnodar People from Kuban Oblast 20th-century Russian painters Soviet painters Socialist realism Socialist realism artists Russian watercolorists Leningrad School artists Members of the Leningrad Union of Artists Russian women artists Russian women painters Russian still life painters Soviet women artists Women watercolorists Repin Institute of Arts alumni 20th-century Russian women

Felix da Housecat

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<mask> (born <mask>., August 25, 1971) is an American DJ and record producer, mostly known for house music and electro. <mask>calateer, Thee Maddkatt Courtship, Aphrohead and Sharkimaxx, but also for his ownership of Radikal Fear Records. Musical career Early life Stallings developed an interest in the emergent Chicago house music scene at a young age. While a student at Rich East High School in Park Forest, Illinois in the mid-1980s, a chance introduction to acid house pioneer DJ Pierre gave the then 15-year-old Stallings his break, and under the patronage and guidance of Pierre, he released his first single, "Phantasy Girl," in 1987. Also in 1987, <mask> went to Alabama State University to study media and communication. There he studied different musicians of the era, including Prince, A Tribe Called Quest, and Gang Starr, as well as developing an interest in hip hop and R&B tracks.1990s After graduating, he released "Thee Dawn" on Guerilla Records. He became popular in Europe, and in the following year, "By Dawn's Early Light" and "Thee Industry Made Me Do It" followed. A further single, "In The Dark We Live (Thee Lite)", appeared under his pseudonym, Aphrohead. Originally released on the UK label, Bush, "In The DaAlbum", followed in 1998. In 1999, he released "In The Dark We Live". Shortly afterwards, Stallings formed Radikal Fear Records. It released material from Mike Dunn, DJ Sneak, and Armando as well as <mask> himself.During 1995, he released his debut album Alone in the Dark (as Thee Maddkatt Courtship) on Deep Distraxion, followed by the Radikal Fear compilation album, The Chicago All Stars and a remix album entitled Clashbackk Compilation Mix. The album I Know Electrikboy was never officially released in either the US or UK, although promotional copies are in circulation. 2000s In 2001, Kittenz and Thee Glitz, written and produced alongside Tommie Sunshine, Miss Kittin, Dave The Hustler, Harrison Crump, Junior Sanchez, Junior Jack and Melistar, was released which gained <mask> mainstream exposure. At the end of that year, <mask> won Best Album at the now-defunct Muzik Awards. The ensuing fame brought <mask> remix work for Madonna, Britney Spears and Kylie Minogue. The proper follow-up, Devin Dazzle & the Neon Fever, was released in 2004, though <mask> released a pair of mix albums, 2002's Excursions and 2003's A Bugged Out Mix, in between. <mask> also collaborated with P Diddy on the pair's "Jack U" single.The pair remain friends, with Diddy performing alongside <mask> at Space in Ibiza in 2005, and <mask> performing at Diddy's after-party for The Main Event at the Winter Music Conference. Various remixes of "Silver Screen Shower Scene" were used in video games such as Midnight Club 2, and SSX 3. The Soulwax Remix of his song "Rocket Ride" was featured in the game Need for Speed: Underground 2. "Everyone Is Someone in LA" was featured in Tony Hawk's American Wasteland. His songs have also featured in television programs such as The Sopranos and "Silver Screen Shower Scene" featured in the party scene in Shane Black's 2005 film, Kiss Kiss Bang Bang. <mask>'s album, Virgo Blaktro and the Movie Disco, was released on October 2, 2007 in the US on Nettwerk Records. Production was overseen by Dallas Austin."Future Calls The Dawn" was released on July 9, 2007 on Wall of Sound/PIAS with "Sweetfrosti" featured as the B-side. "Sweetfrosti" contained a sample of Devo's "Snowball", originally released in 1981. "Like Something 4 Porno!" was released as the album's lead single on September 24, 2007 with remixes from Kris Menace, Teenage Bad Girl and Armand Van Helden, while a third single, "Radio", was released digitally in April 2008. Since then, <mask> has released his first Global Underground compilation, for the Newcastle-upon-Tyne compilation and club label. <mask> also teamed up with Kris Menace to release "Artificial" in June 2008. In 2009, <mask> released He Was King, via Nettwerk Records.Discography Studio albums Mix albums Singles Remixes Passion Pit – "Little Secrets (<mask> Spears – "Toxic (<mask> Housecat's Club Mix)" (2004) Buy Now! – "For Sale (<mask> Housecat Remix)" (2007) Ladytron – "Playgirl (<mask> Housecat Glitz Club Mix)" (2001) The Chemical Brothers – "Get Yourself High (<mask> Housecat's Chemical Meltdown Mix)" (2003) The Disco Boys – "Born to Be Alive" Garbage – "Androgyny (Thee Glitz mix)" & "Androgyny (Thee Drum Drum mix)" (2001) Gwen Stefani – "What You Waiting For? (The Rude Ho Mix by <mask> Housecat)" (2005) Holly Valance – "State of Mind (<mask> Da Housecat's Dub)" (2003) Madonna – "American Life (Felix Da Housecat's Devin Dazzle Club Mix)" (2003) Madonna – "Die Another Day (Thee RetroLectro Mix)" (2003) Miike Snow – "Silvia (Felix Da Housecat Remix)" (2010) Mylène Farmer – "Je t'aime mélancolie (Felix Da Housecat Remix)" (2003) Mylo – "Drop the Pressure" Nina Simone – "Sinnerman (Felix Da Housecat's Heavenly House Mix)" (2003) Pet Shop Boys – "London (Thee Radikal Blaklight Edit)" (2003) Pet Shop Boys – "I don't know what you want but I can't give it anymore (Thee 2 black ninja mix) (1999) New Order – "Here To Stay (Felix Da Housecat Extended Glitz mix)" (2002) Paola & Chiara – "Vanity & Pride (Felix Da Housecat Club Mix)" (2008) Uffie – "Pop the Glock (Felix Da Housecat's Pink Enemy Remix)" (2009) Kylie Minogue – Where Is The Feeling? (Da Klub Feelin Mix)" (1995) RAC – "Hollywood Featuring Penguin Prison (Felix Da Housecat Remix)" (2012) Ali Love – "Another (Felix Da Housecat Remix)" (2013) Pompeya – "Y.A.H.T.B.M.F. (Felix Da Housecat Heavenly House Mix)" (2014) Born Dirty and Diplo - "Samba Sujo (Felix Da Housecat and Dave The Hustler Remix)" (2019) DJ Magazine top 100 DJs References External links Official Website 1971 births Living people African-American DJs American electronic musicians American house musicians Record producers from Illinois Musicians from Chicago DJs from Chicago Club DJs Electronic dance music DJs Electroclash Remixers Alabama State University alumni 21st-century African-American people 20th-century African-American people

Nelson Story

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<mask>. (April 4, 1838 – March 10, 1926) was a pioneer Montana entrepreneur, cattle rancher, miner and vigilante, who was a notable resident of Bozeman, Montana. He was best known for his 1866 cattle drive from Texas with approximately 1000 head of Texas Longhorns to Montana along the Bozeman Trail—the first major cattle drive from Texas into Montana. His business ventures in Bozeman were so successful that he became the town's first millionaire. In 1893, he played a prominent role in the establishment of the Agricultural College of the State of Montana by donating land and facilities. He built the first Story Mansion on Main Street in Bozeman in 1880 and later built today's Story Mansion at the corner of Willson and College for his son, T<mask> in 1910. In his later years, he became a prominent real estate developer in Los Angeles, California. Early life <mask>. was born in Burlingham, Meigs County, Ohio in 1838.<mask> was the youngest son of Ira and <mask> previously from New Hampshire. By the age of 18, <mask> was an orphan, taught school, and had been a student at Ohio University for two years. He made his way west to Fort Leavenworth, Kansas Territory to hire on as a bullwhacker with a freighting outfit. By 1862 he was a successful freight driver operating out of Denver, Colorado. During a trip to Missouri, he met Ellen Trent and married her in Kansas 1862. In 1863, <mask> left Colorado with pack mules and ox teams and headed for Montana territory. <mask> and Ellen arrived in Virginia City, Montana in June 1863 shortly after the major gold strike at Alder Gulch, Montana.Montana gold fields <mask> learned of a gold field that he felt had not been fully worked near Alder Gulch and began working it. Within a few months <mask> made $30,000 in gold; he exchanged it for $20,000 in cash and traveled to Fort Worth, Texas. He used this stake to finance the first cattle drive from Texas to Montana. Later, as a merchant operating in the Bannack and Virginia City, Montana, <mask> participated in the vigilante committees that ultimately hanged 21 criminals, including Henry Plummer. 1866 Cattle Drive In 1866, <mask> traveled to Texas and spent $10,000 for 1000 (some accounts indicate possibly as many as 3000) head of Longhorn cattle. 1866 was the first year after the end of the American Civil War, and the economy of Texas, as in the rest of the former Confederacy, was devastated. However, there were significant numbers of cattle roaming Texas that could be had for very little money.Also, there was great demand for beef in the northern states along with money to pay for it. So, many returning Confederate soldiers begged or borrowed a stake to get a herd together. Many others signed on as trail drive cowboys. Give or take, about 260,000 cattle were driven north from Texas that summer toward the nearest rail shipping point at Sedalia, Missouri, in hopes of selling them there for a quick profit. To reach Sedalia, the cattle first had to be driven through the territory which was to become Oklahoma, but which at the time was the Indian Territory. This was the domain of the remnants of the Five Civilized Nations who had survived the Trail of Tears. While the tribes previously had tolerated the passage of a few herds, an exodus of this magnitude threatened their ability to support their own grazing cattle.Rather than blocking the herds entirely, they decided to charge 10 cents a head for passage. <mask> paid the fee. During the Civil War, bands of Union Kansans known as Jayhawkers had raided east into Confederate Missouri. At the war's close, they remained as a force in Kansas. The crossing point for the Texas herds into Kansas/Missouri was at the town of Baxter Springs in the southeast corner of Kansas. Here the Jayhawkers stopped cattle drives cold, stealing some herds and generally forcing the rest to stay in the Indian Territory. This was the situation that <mask> found when he arrived at Baxter Springs.As he approached the town, armed men demanded two dollars per head for the longhorns to continue. <mask> refused to pay, and instead routed his cattle through Indian Territory on a circuitous route toward Fort Leavenworth. <mask> decided to try for Montana and its lucrative market of gold miners in Virginia City, Montana, and became part of the first ever cattle drive on the Bozeman Trail. He pointed his herd north for the long drive. With a large measure of courage and a large measure of luck he brought his cattle over the Bozeman Trail into Montana. At Fort Phil Kearny, between present day Buffalo and Sheridan, Wyoming, the U.S. Army ordered <mask> and his drovers to stop because of aggression by Sioux warriors led by Red Cloud. <mask> ignored the order, evaded the Army, and continued the drive into Montana, encountering and fighting Sioux warriors along the way.Only one drover was killed by Indians. The feat would not be duplicated for another 4 years. <mask> and the herd arrived in what is now Livingston, Montana, in December 1866 and established winter quarters for his men and cattle. <mask> established a thriving cattle herd, and for at least two years he shrewdly bought and sold cattle to hungry miners for up to ten times the Texas price. In 1870, when placer mining in Montana was starting to decline, <mask> and his ranch in the Paradise Valley had become the leading cattleman in the northern plains. Some credit <mask> with naming the now famous Paradise Valley for its grand scenery and abundant wildlife. This 1866 cattle drive inspired Larry McMurtry's Pulitzer Prize-winning novel Lonesome Dove., Bozeman, Montana <mask> settled his family in Bozeman where he used his business sense and cattle fortune to engage in banking, mercantile, and grain businesses.In 1882, along with Lester S. Willson, J.E. Martin, Broox Martin, and Edwin Lewis, <mask> helped capitalize one of the first banks in the county, the Gallatin Valley National Bank. The bank failed during the Panic of 1893 and never reopened. In 1882, <mask> opened the Story Flour Mill at the mouth of Bridger Creek. This mill produced up to 100 bushels a day and was a major source of flour for the U.S. Army at Fort Ellis and for the Crow Indian Reservation in southeastern Montana. His business activities made him Bozeman's first millionaire. <mask> was a charter member of the Society of Montana Pioneers and society Vice President for Gallatin County in 1886.Los Angeles, California <mask> and his wife Ellen had a son, Walter Perry <mask>, who was born in Bozeman, Montana, on December 18, 1882. He was the last born of their children. Walter began his education but later attended Shattuck Military Academy at Faribault, Minnesota. He left there in 1902 and graduated from Eastman Business College at Poughkeepsie, New York in 1903. He returned to Bozeman to work with his father until 1905, when he went back to Los Angeles. There he worked in real estate and founded the first motor transit line in the western United States. He then helped his father develop more business in Los Angeles, including building the Story Building, which had twelve stories and was completed on April 1, 1910.The elder <mask> then retired and move back to Bozeman but died in Los Angeles on March 10, 1926. Walter began his military service by enlisting as a private, later serving in World War I. He was out of the military until 1920 when he was commissioned as a captain of infantry in the California National Guard. He became a Brigadier General in July 1926. He wasn't promoted to Major General for another 11 years. In 1928 he founded Camp Merriam, which is now known as Camp San Luis Obispo. He entered federal military service in March 1941 and took command of the 40th Infantry Division.He was relieved of command in September 1941, and retired from active list in July 1942. Legacy <mask> and <mask> had seven children, four of whom survived to adulthood. <mask>. (1874–1932) became an alternate delegate to Republican National Convention from Montana in 1904, the mayor of Bozeman (1905–07), and the Lieutenant Governor of Montana (1921–25). Thomas Byron <mask> (1876–1954) became a prominent Bozeman merchant and lived in the new Story Mansion on College St. and Willson Ave. Walter P<mask> (1882–1957) became a prominent Los Angeles businessman and decorated Major General in the California National Guard. The Walter P. Story Building (1909) at 6th and Broadway in Los Angeles, California, was built by <mask> as a gift to Walter. It was one of the first skyscrapers in Los Angeles and still stands today as The New Story Building. <mask>'s great-great grandson, <mask>, still operates the Story Ranch and Cattle Company in Paradise Valley, Montana.<mask> donated of land in 1893 for an agricultural college that became Montana State University. In 1876 he was accused, but not indicted, of defrauding the Crow Indians—and later claimed he had bribed the jury. He was called a "cattle king", "captain of industry", and a "robber baron". In 1919, <mask>. and T. Byron <mask> funded the construction of the Ellen Theater on Main Street Bozeman to honor their mother Ellen. The theater was designed by architect Fred F. Willson, son of Bozeman pioneer Lester S. Willson and still operates as a theater today. In 1959, <mask> was inducted into the Hall of Great Westerners of the National Cowboy & Western Heritage Museum. In 2008, <mask> was inducted into the Montana Cowboy Hall of Fame as a founding, Legacy member.<mask> and <mask> are buried in Sunset Hills Cemetery, Bozeman, Montana along with several of their children. This photo is the marker to his family plot. These were once the marble front porch columns to his original house in Bozeman when it was built on Main Street. Strangers often wandered into the house because they thought it was the courthouse. Further reading Notes 1838 births 1926 deaths People from Meigs County, Ohio People from Bozeman, Montana Montana pioneers People from Beaverhead County, Montana People from Virginia City, Montana American cattlemen

Ray Lankford

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<mask> (born June 5, 1967) is a former center fielder in Major League Baseball who played for the St. Louis Cardinals and San Diego Padres from 1990 to 2004. He was known for his combination of power, speed, and defensive prowess. Early years <mask> was born in Los Angeles and grew up in Modesto, California, where he attended Grace M. Davis High School and played both baseball and football. He later played baseball and football at Modesto Junior College. <mask>'s uncle, Carl Nichols, was a professional baseball player and spent parts of six seasons in the major leagues. Career <mask> made his major league debut with St. Louis in August 1990, and soon after took over the center field position previously occupied by former National League MVP Willie McGee. He started his career as primarily a leadoff man, where his speed and plate discipline made him a potent force.In his first full season in 1991, he led the league with 15 triples, stole 44 bases, and scored 83 runs, earning him a third-place finish in NL Rookie of the Year voting. On September 15, 1991, he accomplished the rare feat of hitting for the cycle, becoming the first Cardinal rookie ever to do so. In 1992, he began to hit for more power, and posted a breakout season with a .293 batting average, 20 home runs, and 42 stolen bases. This season established <mask> as one of the best all-around outfielders in the game. He eventually moved down in the batting order to take further advantage of his power hitting ability. <mask> posted five seasons of 20 home runs and 20 stolen bases with the Cardinals (1992, 1995–1998), making him the only player in franchise history to accomplish the feat more than once. He also was an impressive fielder, posting a 2.90 range factor in 1992 and committing only one error in 1996.In the latter season, he led the league with a fielding percentage of .997 but was still not awarded a Gold Glove. On April 3, 1994, <mask> achieved an unusual distinction: he hit a home run as the first batter of the season (it was the first day of the season, and only one game was played that day). He was selected as the starting center fielder for the National League in the 1997 All-Star Game after a dominating hitting performance in the first half of the season, and posted an offensive career year the following season. In 1998, he hit .293 with 31 home runs, 105 runs batted in and 26 stolen bases. It was his late season surge batting cleanup that helped Mark McGwire, hitting in front of <mask> in the Cardinal order, to set the single season home run record with 70. Following the 1998 season, <mask> had knee surgery and was moved to left field. In his first year at the position, he posted a career high .306 batting average and 15 home runs in an injury-shortened season.He also compiled impressive defensive statistics at his new position. <mask> was traded from St. Louis to San Diego during the 2001 season for pitcher Woody Williams. Criticism of his always high strikeout totals helped prompt the trade, even though he had continued to be more productive statistically than many of the other outfielders receiving playing time in St. Louis, including journeyman utility player Craig Paquette and rookie Kerry Robinson. At the time of the trade, <mask> was slugging an impressive .496 and maintaining a .345 on-base percentage despite a disappointing batting mark of .235. His numbers, though, had declined as he increasingly found himself in a bench role as the season progressed. He responded to the trade well, however, batting .288 in the balance of the season for San Diego under the tutelage of eight-time batting champion Tony Gwynn. He returned to the Padres for 2002, but his lone full season in San Diego was marred by injury and inconsistency, as he appeared in only 81 games and batted a career low .221.He took the 2003 season off to continue his recovery process before returning to St. Louis, where he finished his career in 2004. Once again he saw his playing time dip late in the season after the Cardinals acquired Larry Walker from the Colorado Rockies in late August. He was not placed on the postseason roster in 2004, but did earn a National League championship ring for his role in the Cardinals' first pennant-winning season since 1987. <mask> finished his career among the Cardinal Top 10 in numerous statistical categories, including home runs (third), stolen bases (fifth), runs scored (eighth), runs batted in (eighth), and bases on balls (fourth). <mask> hit more home runs at Busch Stadium (123) than any other player, and finished his career in his home ballpark with a pinch hit home run in his final major league at bat on October 3, 2004. He is the only player to have 200 home runs and 200 stolen bases as a Cardinal. He participated in festivities commemorating the final season at Busch Stadium in 2005, including taking down his signature jersey number 16 from a banner counting down the remaining games at the ballpark and accepting a nomination for the All-Time Busch Stadium Team.He also indicated he is interested in making a return to baseball in the future. On January 31, 2018, the St. Louis Cardinals nominated <mask>, alongside Vince Coleman, Keith Hernandez, Jason Isringhausen, Scott Rolen, Lee Smith, and John Tudor as the seven players for possible induction into the St. Louis Cardinals Hall of Fame. On May 4, once the fan votes were tallied, <mask> and Vince Coleman were enshrined into the St. Louis Cardinals 2018 class. Career statistics See also List of Major League Baseball annual triples leaders List of Major League Baseball career home run leaders List of Major League Baseball career games played as a center fielder leaders List of Major League Baseball career putouts as a center fielder leaders List of Major League Baseball players to hit for the cycle List of St. Louis Cardinals team records References Further reading External links , or Retrosheet <mask>'s Official Site 1967 births Living people Major League Baseball center fielders St. Louis Cardinals players San Diego Padres players National League All-Stars Baseball players from Los Angeles African-American baseball players Johnson City Cardinals players Modesto Pirates baseball players Springfield Cardinals players Arkansas Travelers players Louisville Redbirds players Prince William Cannons players Memphis Redbirds players 21st-century African-American people 20th-century African-American sportspeople

Haider Qureshi

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<mask> (),<mask>am <mask> () born on 1 September 1953 in Rabwah, Punjab, He is a Pakistani Urdu poet, short story writer, essayist, critic, editor and journalist. He writes in Urdu. Personal life <mask> was born in Rabwah, Chiniot District, Punjab, Pakistan He belongs to a Siraiki-speaking family. His father <mask>war was from Khanpur, Rahim Yar Khan. <mask> began writing verses in the age of 18. After passing his secondary level in 1968, he started working at a sugar mill, in the same year he wrote his first romantic story. He wrote his first ghazal in 1971 soon after his marriage.Later he obtained his Master of Arts (M.A.) in Urdu literature in 1974. <mask> Qureshi moved to Germany in 1994, and is living there uptil. He is now a German Nationality holder having Pakistani background. Literary career <mask> was an active member of literary circles in Khanpur. His six publications are related to anthologies of ghazal, nazm and mahiya. He had also penned short stories, sketches,memories, inshaiya (light essays), a travelog of his pilgrimage to Mecca and a literary collection of his 11 Books Umre-La ' haasil ka Haasil (The outcome of futile life).He is also a strong supporter of Urdu mahiya and has been both praised and criticised for his work on mahiya in the poetry circles. He is the editor of the literary Urdu magazine Jadeed Adab, first launched from Khanpur in 1978, and later from Germany. <mask>'s poetry has been translated into English, Arabic, German and Turkish. Most of his literary work is comprised in the book Umr-e-Lahaasil Ka Haasil, a Kulliyat of both poetry and prose. Jadeed Adab Jadeed Adab () was an Urdu literary magazine based in Germany founded by <mask> <mask>; he remains its editor-in-chief. It is published from Germany, Pakistan and India, in print form and on the internet. It was first launched in 1978 from Khanpur, Pakistan.Farhat Nawaz was the co-editor of Jadeed Adab Khanpur in Pakistan. Jadeed Adab was founded in 1978 from Khanpur, Pakistan, by <mask> <mask> <mask>'s jewelry which he sold one after another until all were sold and the magazine ceased to be published. It is published from Germany, Pakistan and India, and it is available both in print form and on the internet. After several years the magazine was restarted from Germany. Jadeed Adab was (until the last 2012 issue) the only regularly published Urdu literary magazine both in print form and on the internet. Views Dawn newspaper praised his poetry remarking; Bibliography Poetry Sulagtay Khawab (Smoldering Dreams) Tajdeed Ishaat Ghar Lahore, Islamabad, Pakistan. 1991 Umre GurezaN (Reluctant Life) Tajdeed Ishaat Ghar Lahore, Islamabad, Pakistan.1994 Mohabbat kay Phool (Flowers of Love) Nayab Publications Lahore. 1996 Duaaey Dil (prayer from the Heart) Nusrat Publishers Lahore 1997 GhazlaiN, Nazmain, Mahiay Sarwar Adabi Academy Germany 1998 Qafas Kay Andar (Inside The Cage) Akkas International Islamabad, 2013 Dard Sumandar (Limitless pain) 2014 Zindgi (Life) 2014 Prose Roshani ki Basharat(The Prophecy of Light.) – Tajdeed Ishaat Ghar Lahore, Islamabad "Qissay Kahaniyan"(Anecdotes and Stories) Afsaane (Short Stories)– Mayaar Publications Delhi, India. 1999 Atmi Jang (Nuclear War)– Mayaar Publications Delhi, India. 1996 Main Intezaar kerta hoon (And I Wait)– Sahitia Bharat, Delhi, India. 1999 Meri Mohabbatein(Tales of my Heart)– Mayaar Publications Delhi, India. 1996–1998 Soo-e-Hejaaz*(Journey to Makkah & Madeena)– Mayaar Publications Delhi, India.2000–2004 Khatti Meethi Yaadein (sweet and sour Memories) Faaslay'Qurbaten (Aloofness and Intimacies) "Abba Ji aur Ammi Ji"(My Father and Mother) "Hayat e Mubarika Haider"(Biography of Mubarika <mask>) Mubarika Mahal (Mubarika Palace) " Beemari ya Roohani Tajrabah" (Illness or Spiritual Experience) Research and critics books Dr. Wazir Agha ahad saaz shakhshiyat –(Dr. Wazir Agha History Maker).1995 Hasil e Mutalea (Study gains). Tassuraat (Impressions). Mazameen aur Tabsaray (Essays and Reviews). Dr. Gopichand Narang aur Ma baad Jadeediat (Dr. Gopichand Narang and postmoderism). Dr. Satyapal Anand ki Boodni, NaBoodni Hamara Adabi Manzar Namah (Our Literary Scenario). Mazameen o Mabahes (Essays and debates). Urdu mein Mahiya Nigari –(Mahiya poetry in Urdu) Farhad Publications Rawalpindi, Pakistan.1999 Urdu Mahiay ki Tehreek (Urdu Mahiya movement). Urdu Mahiye ke Baani Himmat Rai Sharma –(Founder of Urdu Mahia Himmat Rai Sharma). Mahiay ke Mabahes (Debates on Mahiya). Urdu Mahiya (Mahiya in Urdu). Urdu Mahiya Tehqeeq o Tanqeed (Urdu Mahiya:Research and Criticism). University Research Thesis on the literary work of <mask> Qureshi PHD Topic "Haider Qureshi Shakhsiat aur Adabi Jahten" (Haider Qureshi Personality & literary facets) year 2013, Research Sholar Dr. Abdul Rab Ustaad, Gulbarga University Gulbarga, India. M.Phil.Topic "<mask> Qureshi ki Adabi Khidmaat. (Literary contribution of <mask> Qureshi) year 2014, Researcher Aamir Sohail, Hazara University Mansehra, Pakistan. M. Phil Topic "Haider Qureshi Hayat o Khidmaat" (<mask> Qureshi Life & contribution to literature) year 2013, Researcher Anjum Aara, Calcutta University, Kolkata, India. M.Phil. Topic "<mask> Qureshi bahesiat Mohaqqeq aur Naqqad"(<mask> Qureshi as a Researcher and a Critic) year 2018, Researcher Sughra Begum, Federal Urdu University, Islamabad, Pakistan. M.Phil. Topic "Haider Qureshi ki Shairi ka Mutalea"(A study of <mask> <mask>'s poetry) year 2014, Researcher Hriday Bhano Pratap, Jawahar Lal Nehru university Delhi, India.M.Phil. Topic "<mask> Qureshi ki Afsana Nigari ka Mutalea"(A study of <mask> <mask>'s short stories) year 2014, Researcher Razeena Khan, Jawahar Lal Nehru university Delhi, India. M.A. Topic "Sherul mehjer inda <mask> Qureshi... Ma-alTarjuma"Arabic,(Urdu poetry in other countries in the light of <mask> <mask> 's poetry ... this thesis is written in Arabic after translating 4 poetry books of <mask> Qureshi) year 2015, Researcher Ahmad Abdurba Abbas, Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt. M.A. Topic "Haider Qureshi Shakhsiat aur Fann"(Haider Qureshi Personality & literary work) year 2002, Researcher Munazzah Yasmeen, Islamiah University Bahawal Pur, Pakistan. M.Phil.Topic "Majalla Jadeed Adab ki Adabi Khidmaat"(The contribution of"Jadid Adab" to literature) year 2018, Researcher Kanwal Tabassum, Federal Urdu University, Islamabad.Pakistan. M.A. Topic "Jadeed Adab men shaey honay walay Mabahes",(Literary debates published in " Jadid Adab ") year 2009, Researcher Shazia Humera, Islamia University Bahawal Pur, Pakistan. M.Phil. Topic "Risala Jadeed Adab ki Adabi Khidmaat.. Tehqeeqi o Tanqeedi Mutalea" (A critical review to evaluate literary contribution of "Jadid Adab") year2018, Researcher Mohamad Shoaib, Hazara University Mansehra, Pakistan. See also List of Pakistani poets List of Urdu language poets List of Pakistani writers List of Urdu language writers List of Pakistani journalists List of magazines in Pakistan References External links Official website "A Souvenir Day of Life" Collection of poems, (translated) H.Q. ka Kolkata aur Delhi ka Safar ALL THE BOOKS "Jadeed Adab Mira ji Number" DAILY TIMES 23.09.12 Jadeed Adab emagazine List Of All The Books By Haider Qureshi University Research Thesis on the Literary Work of <mask> Qureshi 1952 births Living people Pakistani male journalists Pakistani poets Pakistani expatriates in Germany People from Rahim Yar Khan District Punjabi people Urdu-language poets People from Chiniot District

Jon Elster

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<mask> (; born 22 February 1940, Oslo) is a Norwegian philosopher and political theorist who holds the Robert K. Merton professorship of Social Science at Columbia University. He received his PhD in social science from the École Normale Superieure in 1972. He has previously taught at the University of Paris, the University of Oslo, and the University of Chicago, where he became professor of political science in 1984. Since 1995, he has held the Robert K. Merton professorship of Social Science at Columbia University, as well as been professor of social science at the Collège de France since 2005. <mask> has authored works in the philosophy of social science and rational choice theory. He is also a notable proponent of analytical Marxism, and a critic of neoclassical economics and public choice theory, largely on behavioral and psychological grounds. In 2016, he was awarded the 22nd Johan Skytte Prize in Political Science for his contributions to political science.Biography <mask> is the son of journalist/author and CEO of the Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation Torolf <mask>, and poet Magli <mask>. He earned his PhD in 1972 from the École Normale Superieure in Paris with a dissertation on Karl Marx under the direction of Raymond Aron. <mask> was a member of the September Group for many years but left in the early 1990s. <mask> previously taught at the University of Oslo in the department of history and held an endowed chair at the University of Chicago, teaching in the departments of philosophy and political science. He is now Robert K. Merton Professor of Social Sciences with appointments in Political Science and Philosophy at Columbia University and professeur honoraire at the Collège de France. He was awarded the Jean Nicod Prize in 1997 and the Skytte Prize in Political Science in 2016. He is a member of the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters.He is also a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, of the American Philosophical Society, of the Academia Europaea, and a Corresponding Fellow of the British Academy. <mask> is doctor honoris causa at the universities of Valencia, Stockholm, Oslo, Trondheim (NTNU), Louvain-la-Neuve, Torcuato di Tella, and the National University of Colombia. He is honorary professor at the University of Chongqing. Philosophical work Much of <mask>'s writing is characterized by attempts to use analytical theories, especially rational choice theory, as a springboard for philosophical and ethical analysis, with numerous examples from literature and history. "Elster has made important contributions to several fields," Daniel Little wrote in a review essay. "The breadth and depth of his writings are striking in a time of high specialisation; he is read and discussed by political scientists, legal scholars, economists and philosophers. His work is difficult to summarise in a slogan, but ... it is generally informed by a broad and deep acquaintance with relevant literature in economics, political science, history, philosophy, and psychology."A student of the philosophy of social science (a topic he investigated through case studies in Explaining Technical Change), <mask> strongly argued that social scientific explanations had to be built on top of methodological individualism (the belief that only individuals, not larger entities like "organizations" or "societies", can actually do things) and microfoundations (explaining big societal changes in terms of individual actions). He criticized Marxists and other social scientists for believing in functionalism (the belief that institutions exist because of their effect on society) and instead tried to give Marxism a foundation in game theory (the economic notion that people make choices based on the expected benefits and the choices others are likely to make). <mask> wrote numerous books attempting to use rational choice theory for a wide variety of social explanations. "Rational choice theory is far more than a technical tool for explaining behaviour," he once wrote. "It is also, and very importantly, a way of coming to grips with ourselves - not only what we should do, but even what we should be." He attempted to apply it to topics as varied as politics (Political Psychology), bias and constrained preferences (Sour Grapes), emotions (Alchemies of the Mind), self-restraint (Ulysses and the Sirens, which was selected for the Norwegian Sociology Canon), Marxism (Making Sense of Marx), and more. In doing so, he elucidated many issues with simplistic notions of rational choice: endogenous preference formation (certain actions today can change preferences tomorrow, so how does one decide which preferences one prefers?), framing (people express different preferences when the same question is asked different ways), imperfect rationality (weakness of the will, emotion, impulsiveness, habit, self-deception) and our adjustments for it, and time preferences, among others. As time went on <mask> began to sour on rational choice. A 1991 review in the London Review of Books noted "<mask> has lost his bearings, or at least his faith. [His latest books], he says, 'reflects an increasing disillusion with the power of reason'." His magisterial 500-page book Explaining Social Behavior includes something of a recantation: The book discusses both rational behavior, but also irrational behavior, which <mask> says is "widespread and frequent [but] not inevitable ... we want to be rational". A more recent book, Le désintéressement (part of a two-volume Traité critique de l’homme économique), explores the ramifications of these insights for the possibility of disinterested action. Selected writings Leibniz et la formation de l'esprit capitaliste (Paris, 1975) Leibniz and the development of economic rationality (Oslo, 1975) Logic and Society (New York, 1978) Ulysses and the Sirens (Cambridge, 1979) Sour grapes.Studies in the subversion of rationality (Cambridge University Press, 1983) Explaining Technical Change : a Case Study in the Philosophy of Science (Oslo, 1983) An Introduction to Karl Marx (Cambridge, 1986) The Cement of Society: A study of social order (Cambridge, 1989) Solomonic Judgments: Studies in the limitation of rationality (Cambridge, 1989) Nuts and Bolts for the Social Sciences (Cambridge, 1989) Local Justice: How institutions allocate scarce goods and necessary burdens (New York, 1992) Political Psychology (Cambridge, 1993) The Ethics of Medical Choice (with Nicolas Herpin; London, 1994) Strong Feelings: Emotion, Addiction, and Human Behavior (Cambridge, 1999) Alchemies of the Mind: Rationality and the Emotions (Cambridge, 1999) Ulysses Unbound: Studies in Rationality, Precommitment, and Constraints (Cambridge, 2000) Closing the Books: Transitional Justice in Historical Perspective (Cambridge, 2004) Explaining Social Behavior: More Nuts and Bolts for the Social Sciences (Cambridge, 2007; revised ed. 2015) Reason and Rationality (Princeton, 2009) Alexis de Tocqueville: The First Social Scientist (Cambridge, 2009) Le désintéressement (Paris, 2009) L'irrationalité (Paris, 2010) Securities against Misrule. Juries, Assemblies, Elections (Cambridge, 2013) Constituent Assemblies (edited with Roberto Gargarella, Vatsal Naresh and Bjørn Erik Rasch; Cambridge, 2019) France before 1789: The Unraveling of an Absolutist Regime (Princeton, 2020) See also G. A. Cohen John Roemer List of Jean Nicod Prize laureates References External links Elster page at Columbia University Department of Philosophy Elster page at the Collège de France Selected quotes by Jon Elster When the lottery is fairer than rational choice. Interview with Jon Elster (text&video), laviedesidees.fr, 26/11/2008 1940 births Living people Collège de France faculty 21st-century Norwegian philosophers Norwegian political philosophers Norwegian political scientists Columbia University faculty Jean Nicod Prize laureates Members of the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters Rationality theorists Philosophers of social science Corresponding Fellows of the British Academy Norwegian expatriates in France Norwegian expatriates in the United States University of Chicago faculty Paris 8 University Vincennes-Saint-Denis faculty

Kurt Oscar Weber

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<mask> (26 July 1938 – 29 October 2011) was a Swiss-American fine artist, primarily working in sculpture and painting. He worked in several genres of art including German Expressionism, Abstract Expressionism, Color fielding, and Figuration. He is known for his international solo and group exhibitions primarily presented in the US, France, Switzerland, Austria, and Germany. He maintained studios in Emeryville, California and in Uerikon near Lake Zurich for over 30 years. Personal background <mask><mask> was born on 26 July 1938 in Zurich, Switzerland. <mask> traveled internationally throughout his life. In 1968, he traveled to the US and with his wife, artist Colette Leitner, (AKA Lindner) began a 13-year adventure exploring the country.In 1970, he became a US citizen, while simultaneously maintaining his Swiss citizenship. During this period, he continued his artwork, which primarily included sketching and drafting ideas. Following their exploration across the US, which ended in 1981, <mask> divorced and moved to the western US. Arriving in California, <mask> set up a studio in Emeryville, located in the San Francisco Bay area. It was here that he created his first large-format images. Later on, he would commute back and forth between America and Europe, which continued until the 1990s when he temporarily took up residence in Basel. Following the separation from his second wife, he switched his primary residence back to San Francisco.While maintaining a studio in California, he continued to travel to Paris and Switzerland on a regular basis. It wasn't until 2009, that <mask> exhibited his art in his native city of Zurich for the first time. In Paris, during the growing environment of the existentialism, <mask> met Jean-Paul Sartre and Alberto Giacometti. He formed a lifelong friendship with the Giacometti, who advised him to develop and maintain ownership and independence of his artistic style and expression, apart from the influence and control of the artistic community that would seek to define his work based on the desires and artistic direction of others. To that end, <mask> continued to develop new techniques and painting processes, which included the use of mixed media, pigments, and bright, vibrant colors on various canvasses and placement boards. In 1964, with the encouragement of Giacometti, <mask> traveled to New York, where the avant garde movement had been developing and coming to prominence on a global scale. While intrigued by the creative expression of the abstract painters he encountered in New York, he was drawn to the historic monuments of the Mayas and the Aztecs and began traveling to Mexico regularly.It was this combination of experiences - the breadth and spatiality of American abstract painting and Mexico's luminous colors that moved <mask> to a radical new start. Educational background <mask>'s professional training was varied and included studying with world-renowned artists throughout Europe. He attended the Kunstgewerbeschule (School of Applied Arts) in Vienna, Switzerland, from 1955 through 1958. The school was a highly progressive school that offered an education that focused primarily on architecture, furniture, crafts, and modern design. While Vienna's Academy of Fine Art was considered more prestigious and traditional, the education at Kunstgewerbeschule was dominated by instructors of the Vienna Secession. Following the completion of his education at Kunstgewerbeschule, <mask> relocated to Paris, where he studied sculpture and painting under the guidance of André Lhôte, founder of the Académie d'Art in Montparnasse. Afterwards, <mask> went to Italy to study the famous murals and wall paintings created by Italian Renaissance painters.After completing initial studies of the Italian frescoes, <mask> moved to Salzburg, Austria, where he studied with Oskar Kokoschka, founder of the Schule des Sehens (School of Seeing). He additionally studied at the École des Beaux-Arts in Zurich and the Académie de peinture et de sculpture (Royal Academy of Painting and Sculpture) in Paris. He and studied lithography and etching with Stanley Hayter in Paris. Influences André L’Hôte was not only a professor but also a significant influence on <mask>'s early emerging talent. Fernand Léger, also contributed to <mask> in his early years. As <mask>'s work matured the classic influences of Andrea Montegna, Caravaggio, Pierro Della Francesca, and Fra Angelica are evident. He received the greatest inspiration in his professional career from Alberto Giacometti and Pablo Picasso.Personal style <mask>'s oeuvre consists of four distinct genres: Late German Expressionism, which reveals his close scrutiny of Max Beckmann, E. L. Kirchner, and Emile Nolde. Abstract Expressionist works salute Jackson Pollock, Conrad Marca-Relli, Arshille Gorky, and Philip Guston. Figuration nods to Eric Fischl and Egon Schiele. <mask>'s expansive Colorfields reflect his respect for fellow Bay Area artist, Richard Diebenkorn, as well as Helen Frankenthaler, Ad Reinhardt, and Barnett Newman. Death <mask> died in Basel, Switzerland on 29 October 2011. At the time of his death, he had perfected a previously undeveloped painting technique and process which allowed brilliant inks and pigment to adhere to translucent vellum. His last collective series encompassed the perfecting of this technique, which he referred to as Clusters.Following his death, an exhibition of a retrospective collection of <mask>'s life and work from 1960 through 2009 was presented at the Sammlung Gallerie S/Z in Zurich, running from June through August 2012. Another retrospective presentation of his work, entitled Remember, was presented in 2012 at the Galerie Lilian Andrée, Riehen, in the canton of Basel-Stadt in Switzerland. Catalogue de l'exposition, Musée d'Art Moderne, Paris, 1963. "A Swiss Painter in America", Basler Zeitung, Basel, Switzerland, 1981. <mask> at Hatley Martin, San Francisco, Clifford Schwartz, 1986. <mask> at Lilian Andrée, Basel, Switzerland; Siegmar Gassert, 1991. Tansitions-California-Basel Doppelpunkt (Revue d'Art), Exposition Galerie Hilt, Basel, Switzerland, 1992.Catalogue de l'exposition à la Galerie Fernand Léger, Ivry sur Seine. Cimaise, Revue d'Art, Paris, 1993. Pierre-Marc-Levengeois: <mask>, "The Palimpset of Cities". Le Nouveau Quotidien, Lausanne, Suisse, Laurent Wolf: "<mask>, L'Homme qui va là où est la Peinture". Radio France Internationale, Allemagne. Arts plastique: Ironie et dérision, Ville d'Ivry: Actualité Culture Frank, Peter. <mask>, Paintings, SMI: Centre d'Art d'Ivry, 1994.Autour de Mark Tobey, Art contemporain, <mask>, 2003. Pariscope, <mask> à l'Ambassade de Suisse, Paris, Peintures récentes. Kunstbulletin, April 2004, Suisse, <mask> à l'Ambassade de Suisse, Paris, 2004. References External links Swiss contemporary artists 1938 births 2011 deaths

William Ernest Johnson

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<mask>, FBA (23 June 1858 – 14 January 1931), usually cited as W. E<mask>, was a British philosopher, logician and economic theorist. He is mainly remembered for his 3 volume Logic which introduced the concept of exchangeability. Life and career <mask> was born in Cambridge on 23 June 1858 to <mask> and his wife, Harriet (née Brimley). He was their fifth child. The family were Baptists and political liberals. He attended the Llandaff House School, Cambridge where his father was the proprietor and headteacher, then the Perse School, Cambridge, and the Liverpool Royal Institution School. At the age of around eight he became seriously ill and developed severe asthma and lifelong ill health.Due to this his education was frequently disrupted. In 1879 he entered King's College, Cambridge to read mathematics having won a scholarship and was placed 11th Wrangler in 1882. He stayed on to study for the Moral Sciences Tripos from which he graduated in 1883 with a First Class degree. He was also a Cambridge Apostle. In 1895 he married Barbara Keymer. After her sudden death in 1904 his sister Fanny moved in with him to care for his two sons. Having failed to win a prize-fellowship, he spent some time teaching mathematics.His first teaching post was as a lecturer in Psychology and Education at the Cambridge Women's Training College which he held for several years. He was University Teacher of Theory of Education 1893-98 and, from 1896 until 1901, University Lecturer in Moral Sciences at the University of Cambridge. In 1902 he was elected a Fellow of King's College, and appointed to the (newly-created) Sidgwick Lecturership, positions he held until his death. In 1923 he was elected a Fellow of the British Academy. <mask>'s students included I. A. Richards, John Maynard Keynes, Frank Ramsey, Dorothy Wrinch, C. D. Broad, R. B. Braithwaite and Susan Stebbing. In 1912 (at Bertrand Russell's request) <mask> also attempted to 'coach' Ludwig Wittgenstein in logic but this was an arrangement that was both brief and unsuccessful.He died in St Andrew's Hospital, Northampton, on 14 January 1931 and is buried at Grantchester, Cambridgeshire. Work <mask>, who suffered poor health, published little. That, though "very able", he was "lacking in vigour" and had "published almost nothing" is a matter Bertrand Russell commented upon unsympathetically in a letter to Ottoline Morrell of 23 February 1913. <mask>'s obituary in The Times, penned by J. M. Keynes, more kindly reports that "his critical intellect did not readily lend itself to authorship". A memorial in Mind also proffered a charitable partial explanation of his reluctance to publish. <mask>'s major publication was a three volume work Logic (1921,1922, 1924) which was based on his lectures. This may never have been published if it had not been for the efforts of Newnham student Naomi Bentwich (1891–1988).Bentwich persuaded him to publish, typed and co-edited the manuscript and encouraged him to finish the project. The preface to the first volume carries the acknowledgement: "I have to express my great obligations to my former pupil, Miss Naomi Bentwich, without whose encouragement and valuable assistance in the composition and arrangement of the work, it would not have been produced in its present form". A fourth volume on probability was never finished, but parts of it would be published posthumously as an article in Mind. Logic ensured his election to the British Academy and won him honorary degrees from the universities of Manchester and Aberdeen. Though conceding that Logic was "dated", even at publication, Sébastien Gandon argues that it would be unfair, given "the richness of his thought", to see <mask> "only as a member of the British logic 'old guard' pushed aside by the Principia Mathematica" of Alfred North Whitehead and Bertrand Russell. Gandon contends that "many of <mask>'s insights are today an integral part of philosophy" and that this is so especially of <mask>'s doctrine of determinable and determinate. <mask>'s work and influence in this latter regard is discussed in the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy entry on Determinables and Determinates by Jessica Wilson."The Logical Calculus" (1892) reveals the technical capabilities of <mask>'s youth, and that he was significantly influenced by the formal logical work of Charles Sanders Peirce. The article begins as follows: "As a material machine economises the exertion of force, so a symbolic calculus economises the exertion of intelligence ... the more perfect the calculus, the smaller the intelligence compared to the results." A. N. Prior's Formal Logic cites this article several times. John Passmore tells us: "His neologisms, as rarely happens, have won wide acceptance: such phrases as "ostensive definition", such contrasts as those between ... "determinates" and "determinables", "continuants" and "occurrents", are now familiar in philosophical literature." (Passmore, 1957, p.346) <mask> also wrote three papers on economics. The first two, both published in the Cambridge Economic Club, being 1891's "Exchange and Distribution" and 1894's "On Certain Questions Connected with Demand" (the latter being co-written with C. P. Langer). ‘The Pure Theory of Utility Curves’ (1913) was an important paper, representing "a considerable advance in the development of utility theory".Prior to the latter he would also write fourteen entries for the first edition of R. H. Inglis Palgrave's Dictionary of Political Economy (1894-1899). He was also of particular influence on John Maynard Keynes (and had been a colleague of his father John Neville Keynes). Selected publications Treatise on Trigonometry (1889). The Logical Calculus, Mind, Vol 1 (1892): [In 3 parts: pp. 3–30, pp. 235–250, pp. 340–357] Sur la théorie des equations logiques Bibliothèque du Congrès International de Philosophie, Volume 3, 1901, Logique et Histoire des Sciences, pp.185–199. The Pure Theory of Utility Curves, The Economic Journal, Vol. 23, No. 92 (Dec., 1913) Analysis of Thinking, Mind, Vol 27 (1918): [in 2 parts: pp. 1–21, pp 133–151] Logic, Part I, (Cambridge, 1921) Logic, Part II, (Cambridge, 1922) Logic, Part III, (Cambridge, 1924) Probability, Mind 41 (1932): 1–16, References External links 1930 photographic portrait of W. E<mask> by Walter Stoneman at the National Portrait Gallery, London 1915 Cambridge Moral Science Club, photo featuring <mask> (with, amongst others, G.E. Moore, Bertrand Russell, Dawes Hicks, W.R. Sorley, Karin Stephen and J. M. E. McTaggart) [At Internet Archive] Sanford, David H. (2011), Determinates vs. Determinables in the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. [Archived article now supplanted by Jessica Wilson's Determinables and Determinates (2017)] The Story of Llandaff House and its Academy (a 'local history' article with information about <mask>'s school and ancestors).1858 births 1931 deaths Fellows of King's College, Cambridge British logicians British philosophers

Geoffrey of Briel

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<mask> of Briel, in older literature <mask> of Bruyères, was a French knight and the third lord of the Barony of Karytaina in the Principality of Achaea, in Frankish Greece. He led a colourful and turbulent life, narrated in detail in the Chronicle of the Morea. Accounted the finest knight in the Principality, he fought in the wars against the Byzantine Greeks, was captured in the Battle of Pelagonia in 1259, and was sent back to Achaea bearing the Byzantine terms in 1261. <mask> was twice deprived of his barony, once for rebelling against his uncle, the Prince of Achaea William II of Villehardouin, and then for abandoning the Principality without leave in order to spend time with a mistress, the wife of one of his feudatories, in Italy. He was pardoned both times, but henceforth held his title as a gift of the Prince. He died childless in 1275, and the Barony of Karytaina was split up. Origin <mask> was the son of Hugh of Briel and Alice of Villehardouin, a daughter of the second Prince of Achaea, <mask> of Villehardouin.The family, which hailed from Briel-sur-Barse in the French province of Champagne, is variously named in the sources, e.g. Brieres or Prieres (Μπριέρες or Πριέρης in Greek), Bruières, Briers, Briel or Brielle. <mask>'s father inherited the Barony of Karytaina sometime around 1222 from his brother, Renaud of Briel. The Barony was the third largest (after Akova and Patras) in the Principality of Achaea, counting 22 knights' fiefs and being responsible for keeping watch over the rebellious inhabitants of the mountainous Skorta area. Baron of Karytaina and revolt against William of Villehardouin <mask> was born in Greece, possibly in Karytaina, soon after his father's arrival there (about 1222/3). Hugh of Briel died in early 1238, not yet forty years old, and was succeeded by the young <mask>. The main source on <mask>'s life are the various versions of the Chronicle of the Morea, which, in the words of the French medievalist Antoine Bon, "narrates with so much detail and indulgence" the "many and colourful adventures" of "a peculiar and charming figure, very representative of the generation of Frankish seigneurs born in Greece".The Chronicle credits <mask> with the construction of the Castle of Karytaina, the "Greek Toledo" as William Miller calls it. <mask> enjoyed a high reputation as a warrior, and was deemed to be the "best knight in the Morea". According to the Aragonese version of the Chronicle he maintained a school of chivalry at the castle Karytaina, where the sons of the Greek nobles were trained as knights in the Western manner. <mask> married Isabella de la Roche, daughter of the Great Lord of Athens and Thebes, Guy I de la Roche. In 1256–1258, he became involved in the War of the Euboeote Succession, at first as a lieutenant of his uncle, Prince William II of Villehardouin, leading an army that laid waste to Euboea and recovered the town of Negroponte for the Prince. Later, however, he sided with his father-in-law Guy de la Roche and the other Frankish lords who opposed William's hegemonic ambitions. William however prevailed in the Battle of Karydi in 1258, and a parliament was assembled at Nikli to judge the defeated lords.<mask> was pardoned by the Prince and his confiscated lands returned, but this time as a personal grant, rather than a fief held in right of conquest. Pelagonia, Byzantine captivity and sojourn in Italy In 1259, <mask> participated in the princely army that joined the Achaean–Epirote–Sicilian alliance opposing the Greek Empire of Nicaea. The allied forces, riven by distrust between the Latins and the Epirote Greeks, were dealt a crushing defeat in the Battle of Pelagonia. Prince William and most of his barons, including <mask>, were captured in the aftermath of the battle. The Frankish lords remained in captivity until 1261, when, following the recovery of Constantinople by the Nicaean Greeks, the Emperor Michael VIII Palaiologos offered to release them in exchange for an oath of fealty to him, and the cession of a number of fortresses in the southeastern Morea. After William agreed, <mask> was released in order to convey the emperor's proposals to the nobles of the Principality. A parliament was once again held in Nikli, in the presence of <mask>, Guy de la Roche, and the Principality's chancellor, Leonard of Veroli.The captive lords were represented by their wives, whereby this assembly became known as the "Parliament of Ladies". The parliament agreed to the terms, <mask> handed over the castles to the Greeks, and returned to Constantinople along with a number of hostages, whereupon Prince William and his barons were released. The surrender of the fortresses began a long period of conflict between the Greeks of the reconstituted Byzantine Empire and the forces of the Principality for control of the Morea. Prince William was absolved by the Pope of his oaths to Palaiologos, and warfare began almost as soon as he returned to the Principality. Despite this precarious situation, <mask> absented himself from the Morea, without William's permission, and spent the years 1263–1265 in Italy, ostensibly on a pilgrimage, but in reality living with the wife of one of his feudatories, John of Katavas. His absence allowed the inhabitants of Skorta to rise up and aid the Byzantine troops in their offensive, which was halted by the same John of Katavas in the Battle of Prinitsa. <mask> was again deprived of his barony for this act, but was pardoned and restored to it on his return.Final years and death <mask> is mentioned again in the campaigns of the early 1270s, when Palaiologos sent a new commander to the Morea, Alexios Doukas Philanthropenos. In 1270, <mask> and his neighbour, the Baron of Akova, joined the Prince's army with 150 horsemen and 200 infantry. The Latin force raided the Byzantine holdings in Laconia, but Philanthropenos avoided being drawn into a pitched battle. A period of relative peace followed due to Palaiologos' attempts to placate the Pope in the ongoing Second Council of Lyon, but in 1275, the mutual truce was broken by the Greeks. Prince William entrusted a force of 50 horse and 200 crossbowmen to <mask>, who stationed them to keep watch over the defiles of Skorta, but he died of dysentery in late 1275. After his death, Karytaina was increasingly subject to the attacks of the Byzantines, and finally fell to them in 1320. <mask> died childless; the barony, held by grant, was inheritable only by <mask>'s direct descendants, and consequently was split upon his death: one half remained with his widow, Isabella de la Roche, who married Hugh, Count of Brienne, before her death in 1279, and the other reverted to the Prince's domain.Two pretenders to <mask>'s inheritance appeared over the next few years: a certain John Pestel, who achieved nothing, and <mask>'s nephew, <mask> the Younger, who after much persistence managed to obtain the fief of Moraina. Fictional portrayals <mask> is the eponymous subject of Alfred Duggan's 1962 novel, Lord <mask>'s Fancy. A sympathetic but flawed hero, observed by his distant cousin, an admiring but increasingly disillusioned narrator, the baron of Karytaina is portrayed as a supreme exemplar of both the qualities and the limitations of Frankish chivalry. References Sources 1220s births 1275 deaths Geoffrey Medieval Arcadia Prisoners of war held by the Byzantine Empire Deaths from dysentery

Al Caiola

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<mask> (September 7, 1920 – November 9, 2016) was an American guitarist, composer and arranger, who spanned a variety of music genres including jazz, country, rock, and pop. He recorded over fifty albums and worked with some of the biggest names in music during the 20th century, including Elvis Presley, Ray Conniff, Ferrante & Teicher, Frank Sinatra, Percy Faith, Buddy Holly, Mitch Miller, and Tony Bennett. Career During World War II <mask> played with the United States Marine Corps 5th Marine Division Band that also included Bob Crosby. <mask> served in the Battle of Iwo Jima as a stretcher bearer. <mask> was a studio musician in the 1950s in New York City. He released some minor records under his own name in that decade. In addition, he performed under the musical direction of John Serry Sr. on an album for Dot Records in 1956 (Squeeze Play).In 1960 he became a recording star on the United Artists label for over ten years. He had hits in 1961 with "The Magnificent Seven" (#35 in USA) and "Bonanza" (#19 in USA). The arrangements were typically by Don Costa, using a large orchestral backing. <mask> released singles and albums throughout the 1960s and beyond, though no others appeared on the charts except for an entry in 1964 with "From Russia with Love". United Artists used him to make commercial recordings of many movie and TV themes: "Wagon Train (Wagons Ho)", "The Ballad of Paladin", "The Rebel", and "Gunslinger". His album Solid Gold Guitar contained arrangements of "Jezebel", "Two Guitars", "Big Guitar", "I Walk the Line", and "Guitar Boogie". The Magnificent Seven album, other than the title track, consisted of a variety of pop songs with a jazzy bent.Guitars Guitars Guitars was similar. There was a wide variety to his albums — soft pop, Italian, Hawaiian, country, jazz. In the early 1970s he continued on the Avalanche Recordings label, producing similar work including the album Theme From the 'Magnificent 7 Ride' '73. Later, on other labels, came some ethnic-themed instrumental albums such as In a Spanish Mood in 1982, and Italian instrumentals. In 1976, <mask> accompanied Sergio Franchi, Dana Valery, and Wayne J. Kirby (Franchi's musical director) on a concert tour to Johannesburg, South Africa. <mask> died in Allendale, New Jersey, at the age of 96. Discography Serenade in Blue (Savoy, 1956) Music for Space Squirrels (Atco, 1958) Deep in a Dream (Savoy, 1958) High Strung (RCA Victor, 1959) Guitars Guitars Guitars (United Artists, 1960) Percussion Espanol (Time, 1960) Great Pickin' with Don Arnone (Chancellor, 1960) Salute Italia!Oro Italiano (<mask>na, 2001) Guitar for Latin Lovers (<mask>na, 2001) The Manhattan Guitars (<mask>na, 2002) Classic Italian Love Songs (<mask>na, 2005) Partial studio recordings list {{external media |align=center |width=300px |audio1= You may hear <mask> performing the songs Granada and Secret Love from the album Squeeze Play with John Serry Sr. as released on Chicago Musette: John Serry et son Accordéon in 1958 Here on Gallica.BnF |audio2= You may hear <mask> performing with John Serry on the album Squeeze Play in 1956 [https://archive.org/details/lp_squeeze-play-featuring-the-dynamic-accordi_john-serry 'Here on archive.org] }} Paul Anka — "Diana", "Lonely Boy", "My Way", "Puppy Love", "Put Your Head on My Shoulder", "Times of Your Life" Louis Armstrong — "Back O'Town Blues", "Mop! Mop! ", "Blueberry Hill" (All three tracks recorded live in 1947) Frankie Avalon — "DeDe Dinah", "Venus" Burt Bacharach — "Bridget Bardo" Pearl Bailey — "I Got Plenty o' Nuttin'", "Westport" LaVern Baker — "I Cried a Tear", "I'm Leaving You", banjo on "Humpty Dumpty Heart" Tony Bennett — "Boulevard of Broken Dreams", "Climb Ev'ry Mountain", "Stranger in Paradise" Ruth Brown — "Miss Rhythm", "Late Date with Ruth Brown" Solomon Burke — "Cry to Me" Petula Clark — "Don't Sleep in the Subway", "This Is My Song" Rosemary Clooney — "Come on a My House", "Half as Much", "Hey There", "This Ole House" Perry Como — "Don't Let the Stars Get in Your Eyes", "Patricia", "Temptation" Ray Conniff, His Orchestra And Chorus — "Melody for Two Guitars" The Crickets — "Rave On! ", "That's My Desire" King Curtis & Al Caiola — "Guitar Boogie Shuffle" Bobby Darin — "Artificial Flowers", "Bill Bailey", "Dream Lover", "Mack the Knife", "Queen of the Hop", "Splish Splash", "That's All" Peter De Angelis Orchestra & Chorus featuring Al Caiola — "The Happy Mandolin" Fabian — "Tiger", "Turn Me Loose", "Hound Dog Man" Percy Faith — "The Theme from A Summer Place" Ferrante & Teicher — "Airport Love Theme", "Theme from Exodus" Eddie Fisher — "Any Time", "Dungaree Doll", "On the Street Where You Live", "Oh! album Andy Williams — "Butterfly", "Canadian Sunset" Joe Williams — "I Should Have Kissed Her More", "On the Sunny Side of the Street" Chuck Willis — "C. C. Rider" (also known as "See See Rider"), "Hang Up My Rock 'N' Roll Shoes", "What Am I Living For" Hugo Winterhalter — "Blue Tango", "Count Every Star"'' References Citations Cited sources External links 1920 births 2016 deaths American country guitarists American jazz guitarists American male guitarists American rock guitarists Musicians from Jersey City, New Jersey RCA Victor artists Savoy Records artists United States Marines Guitarists from New Jersey 20th-century American guitarists Country musicians from New York (state) Country musicians from New Jersey 20th-century American male musicians American male jazz musicians United States Marine Corps personnel of World War II

Mary Anne Franks

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<mask> is an American legal scholar, author, activist, and media commentator. She is a professor of law and Dean's Distinguished Scholar at the University of Miami School of Law, where she teaches family law, criminal law, criminal procedure, and First Amendment law, and she serves as both president and legislative & tech policy director of the Cyber Civil Rights Initiative. Her scholarly work focuses on online harassment, free speech, discrimination, and violence. <mask> also writes for various news media outlets, including The Atlantic, The Guardian, The Independent, and the Daily Dot. She is a regular contributor to The Huffington Post. As a frequent legal commentator in the media on cyberlaw and criminal law issues, <mask> has been quoted in publications such as The New York Times, The Wall Street Journal, The Washington Post, and The New Yorker, and she has appeared on the Today show, HuffPost Live, and Al Jazeera America. <mask> is a co-producer of the 2015 film Hot Girls Wanted, a documentary produced by the actress Rashida Jones that examines the "professional amateur" porn industry.<mask> is noted for her work advocating for legislative, technological, and social reform on the issue of nonconsensual pornography ("revenge porn"). She has been instrumental in drafting recent state legislation against the practice in the United States. She has worked with Congresswoman Jackie Speier on a federal criminal bill, the Intimate Privacy Protection Act (IPPA), which evolved into the ENOUGH Act, and again into the SHIELD Act. The SHIELD Act is now part of the Violence Against Women Reauthorization Act of 2021, which the United States House of Representatives passed with bipartisan support in March 2021. <mask> also advises major tech companies on their privacy and abuse policies. In 2015, several major tech companies, most notably Google, announced that they would be adding sexually explicit images published without consent to their privacy and removal policies. In 2014, <mask> was named one of "The Heroes in the Fight to Save the Internet" by the Daily Dot.<mask> is the author of The Cult of the Constitution: Our Deadly Devotion to Guns and Free Speech, which went on to win a gold medal at the 2020 Independent Publisher Book Awards as well as the 2020 Association of American Publishers PROSE Awards for Legal Studies and Excellence in Social Sciences. Her second book, Fearless Speech, is expected in 2022. Early life and education <mask> <mask> was born in Indiana to Kang Tu-Kwei, a Taiwanese woman, and <mask>, a white American World War II veteran who passed away when <mask> was two years old. After her father's death, <mask> spent the vast majority of her childhood in Pine Bluff, Arkansas, a location that <mask> has described as "not the most racially sensitive place." She attended Loyola University New Orleans and majored in philosophy and English literature, with a classics minor. Recognizing her academic promise, then-dean of arts and sciences Frank E. Scully encouraged <mask> to apply for the Rhodes Scholarship, which she was successfully awarded in December 1998. <mask> graduated summa cum laude from Loyola with her BA in May 1999 and enrolled at Oxford University that autumn, earning her MPhil in European literature, with distinction, in June 2001 and her DPhil in modern languages and literature in January 2004.Her examination field of continental philosophy, psychoanalytic theory, gender theory, and political theory culminated in her doctoral thesis, "Enjoying Women: Sex, Psychoanalysis, and the Political." <mask> then went on to earn her JD from Harvard Law School, where she served as senior executive editor of the Harvard Journal of Law & Gender and executive editor of the Harvard Human Rights Journal. During her law school career, she also received awards including the Harvard Law School Association Alumnae Fellowship, Reginald Lewis International Internship, and Chayes International Public Service Fellow in 2005, as well as the National Association of Women Lawyers Outstanding Law School Student Award in 2007. <mask> graduated cum laude in 2007. Career Between 2004 and 2005, <mask> taught courses in ethics, world religions, and introductory philosophy within the Department of Humanities at Quincy College, Massachusetts. During her time at Harvard Law School, <mask> clerked for the Office of the Prosecutor at the International Criminal Court the summer after her 1L year and at Debevoise & Plimpton the summer after her 2L year. She also worked from 2005 to 2008 as a lecturer for the Department of Social Studies and as a teaching fellow for the government, philosophy, and English departments.From 2008 to 2010, she was a Bigelow Fellow and lecturer in law at the University of Chicago Law School as well as a faculty affiliate for the Center for Gender Studies. In 2013, she served as a visiting professor at the University of Navarra in Pamplona, Spain, and during the summer of 2018, she taught a course on cybercrime for New York Law School's summer abroad program in London. Since 2014, <mask> has worked in various capacities with the Cyber Civil Rights Initiative (CCRI), a nonprofit organization that seeks to combat cyber harassment, nonconsenual pornography, and online abuse through legislation, tech policy reform, and victim support: she served as CCRI's vice president from 2014 to 2018 and succeeded CCRI founder Holly Jacobs as president in 2018. In addition to her consecutive terms of vice presidency and presidency, she has maintained the title of Legislative & Tech Policy Director since 2014. <mask> has been teaching law courses at the University of Miami School of Law since 2010. Between 2010 and 2015, <mask> served as an Associate Professor of Law and was promoted to a Professor of Law in 2015. In 2019, <mask> was recognized as a Dean's Distinguished Scholar for the Profession, an honor bestowed upon law faculty members whose scholarly contributions to the legal profession are significant and influential.Personal life <mask> is Taiwanese-American. While <mask> is best known for her legal scholarship and activism, she is also an instructor in Krav Maga, a self-defense system developed for the military in Israel. On the topic of women's empowerment through honing self-defense skills, <mask> said, "Society puts a lot of focus on women as objects as opposed to women asserting their subject-hood. I’m concerned with ways that women can create a relationship with their bodies that’s about making them stronger, faster, as well as more secure." She is also a vocal proponent of hand-to-hand self-defense techniques over the use of firearms: "What troubles me about Florida when it comes to the psychology of self-defense is that our answer for defending ourselves is always a gun. Krav Maga is a nuanced approach to defending oneself and protecting one’s space. You can respond effectively, but no one gets shot, no one dies."Selected works Articles Academic Scholarship References External links Personal website Loyola University New Orleans alumni American Rhodes Scholars Living people Krav Maga practitioners Harvard Law School alumni University of Miami faculty American feminist writers American legal scholars American activists 1977 births American women of Asian descent

Vladimir Luxuria

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<mask> (born 24 June 1965) is an Italian activist, television personality and actress. <mask> was a Communist Refoundation Party MP, belonging to The Union coalition led by Romano Prodi. She was the first openly transgender member of Parliament in Europe, and the world's second openly transgender MP after New Zealander Georgina Beyer. She lost her seat in the election of April 2008. In the 2006 general election, <mask> was elected to the Chamber of Deputies by the Lazio 1 constituency in Rome. She lost her seat in the 2008 election. After the retirement of Beyer and <mask>, there were no transgender MPs reported in the world, until 2011, when Anna Grodzka was elected to the Polish parliament.Biography Born in Foggia, Apulia, Luxuria moved to Rome in 1985 to study foreign languages and literature. She also began to act, notably in cabaret, and through this developed her gender ambiguity as a hallmark. Her assumed surname, Luxuria, means lust in Latin. She earned her first acting credit in Cena alle nove by Paolo Breccia in 1991; and began organizing parties and gay pride events, becoming director of the Muccassassina, the self-financing party of the Circle of homosexual culture Mario Mieli. She graduated in foreign languages and literatures at University of Rome La Sapienza with a master thesis on Joseph Conrad. She organized Italy's first pride festival, in Rome on 2 June 1994, which attracted some ten thousand people. From 2001 to 2003 she toured Italian theatres with the musical Emotions co-starring with Sabrina Salerno and Ambra Angiolini.Her career as performer was not restricted to stage shows, and in 2005 she hosted a television show about nostalgia for 1980s music and culture on All Music. She also became well known for participating in charity organizations before making the transition to politics. Luxuria identifies using the English word "transgender" and prefers feminine pronouns, titles, and adjectives. She has stated on occasion that she perceives herself as neither male nor female. Upon entering parliament, she made the decision to stop wearing her trademark drag clothing – an extravagant cocktail of sequins, feather boas and bouffant wigs – saying that the legislature was "not a discothèque" and that, "It wouldn't be useful to provoke [people] in such a stupid way." After her bid for re-election failed in April 2008, Luxuria appeared on L'Isola dei Famosi, which has been described as "Italy's celebrity answer to Survivor." The show, which saw her pip Argentine model and showgirl Belen Rodriguez (former girlfriend of Italy footballer Marco Borriello) to first place in a public poll, took place in Honduras.Luxuria said of her victory that "The Italian public has shown itself to be more forward-looking than our politicians, who thought I would turn up in parliament dressed like (former porn-star politician) Cicciolina." Pledging to donate half of her €200,000 prize-money to charity, Luxuria chose UNICEF, saying "I know that I won't have children and I want to help disadvantaged children in my own way." She was chosen to host the 2012 edition of the Italian TV program L'Isola dei Famosi, on RaiDue. In 2017, in an interview with Mauro Leonardi for an Italian weekly (Novella 2000), told for the first time her conversion to Catholicism. The interview has aroused media hype and, during a broadcast on Rai1, she reiterated the content of her statements. Political life Election in 2006 Although her Lazio 1 constituency was seen as a safe Communist seat, her election was not without difficulties, particularly after it was disclosed that she had been a sex worker for a time shortly after arriving in Rome due to the difficulty of finding a conventional job as a transgender individual. Clemente Mastella, the leader of the centrist UDEUR party (a fellow member of the coalition) called her "a ridiculous Cicciolina."Alessandra Mussolini, said, referring to Luxuria, that it was "better to be a fascist than a faggot" (meglio fascista che frocio). However, Luxuria's name was placed second on the list of Communist candidates for Lazio, after party leader Fausto Bertinotti, which increased her chances of being elected (Italy uses a system of proportional representation). During the election, she and another candidate were attacked by a group of fifteen people, allegedly including National Alliance politicians; they pelted her with fennel (in Italian finocchio, a word also meaning "faggot"). The politicians in question were suspended by AN; Luxuria criticized the police for the time it took for them to respond to the incident. Service Her service in the Italian parliament got off to a rocky start, when in October 2006 Forza Italia MP Elisabetta Gardini insisted that she should not be allowed to use women's washrooms in the parliament building and called for the creation of a third washroom. Gardini described finding Luxuria presence there as a "sexual violence"; and later faced condemnations from coalition deputies for displaying prejudice tantamount to racism. Luxuria declared that she had used the toilets for years and that using the male lavatory would engender even greater problems.In the 2008 election, the Refoundation Communist Party joined a coalition of left-wing parties known as the Rainbow Left. However this group gained only 3.2% of the vote and lost all of its seats in parliament. Silvio Berlusconi's centre-right coalition swept to victory. Luxuria was not re-elected. Paolo Ferrero, then leader of the Communist Refoundation Party, said that he would be open to the idea of her returning to politics as a nominee for the 2009 European Parliament election after her win on L'Isola dei Famosi, but Luxuria said that she had no plans to re-enter politics. Gay rights Luxuria has long been a strong advocate for gay rights and a participant in events promoting equality for homosexuals. She helped organize Italy's first gay pride festival in 1994 and continued her activism throughout her tenure as a politician; in May 2007, she took part in the second Muscovite gay pride parade.She used her prominence in Italian politics once elected as a platform for advocating gay rights. In the lead-up to her election, Luxuria made gay rights an issue of her campaign and felt herself to be a representative of the LGBT community, saying, "We don't want privileges – we want our rights." In addition, <mask> called for civil unions to be enabled for gay couples and for Italy to accommodate political asylum for "all gays who try to get into Italy from countries where homosexuality is punishable by death." Luxuria also campaigned prior to the elections for gays to have cohabitation rights, and had helped campaign by winning the support of Italy's left. Furthermore, <mask> outlined her long-term support for full gay marriage rights, comparable with Spain's implementation of the law. In September 2006, she stated that the Vatican's ongoing influence in politics, specifically in regards to gay marriage, contravened clauses of the Italian Constitution. <mask> reacted to Pope Benedict XVI's end-of-year speech in 2008, when he compared protecting the environment with saving humanity from a "blurring of gender" (homosexual or transsexual behaviour), by saying that such comments were "hurtful".Filmography Films Television Theater Emozioni (2001–2003) Che fine ha fatto Cenerentola? (2003) One Drag Show (2003) Male di Luna (2004) My name is Silvia (2005) Persone naturali e strafottenti (2010) La donna uomo (2010) Morning has broken - Una vita spezzata (2010) Si sdrai perfavore (2011 - 2012) Bibliography Chi ha paura della muccassassina? Il mio mondo in discoteca e viceversa, Bompiani, 2007 Le favole non dette, Bompiani, 2009 Eldorado, Bompiani, 2011 L'Italia migliore, Bompiani, 2013 Discography Der Traurige, in Hey Roma! (Klang Records - klg 003 - 1989) References External links <mask> "Meglio fascista che frocio" A short passage of the video showing the quarrel between Mussolini and Luxuria. (as <mask>) (as Wladimiro Guadagno) 1965 births People from Foggia Living people Transgender and transsexual politicians Communist Refoundation Party politicians Transgender and transsexual women LGBT politicians from Italy Italian actor-politicians LGBT rights activists from Italy Survivor (franchise) winners Participants in Italian reality television series LGBT legislators

Danial Hakimi

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<mask> (, ; March 6, 1963) is an Iranian film, stage, TV, and radio actor/director Early life and education <mask> was born in Shahrud, Iran. He graduated from Radio acting school in Iran, and studied Acting with Hamid Samandarian. He started his professional acting career by playing as Oceanus, in Prometheus Bound tragedy and performed in many notable roles on stage. He went on to film work, beginning with 2001 Inventor, followed by What's Up? and My Eyes for You. Hakimi, had successful performances in many Television series including Asleep & Awake, Love province, Paternal House, Passenger, Evil Mind, and The Gradual Death of a Dream. In 2007 he won the 24th Fajr International Theater Festival award for best performance in the leading role, for the role of Bahman Ahang in the Melody of the Rainy City drama, written by Akbar Radi.Small Heaven Directed by "Masoud Rasam" Played in Mr.Paranoid (1989) a.k.a. Mr.Dollar Directed by "Majid Beheshti" Played in Section Four: Surgery (1988) Directed by "Masoud Froutan" Played in Agate (1988) Directed by "Hamid Tamjidi" Played in Night Raven (1988) Directed by "Hossein Mokhtari" Teleplays Played in Le Sexe et le néant (2009) Directed by "Hadi Marzban" Played in Long Shadows (1987) Directed by "Djavad Pishgar" Played in Khosro Parviz's Nightmare (1986) Directed by "Hooshang Tavakolli" Stage dramas Stage acting Played in Staircase (2012) Directed by "Hadi Marzban" Played in The Lady of Water and Mirror (2011) Directed by "Hossein Parsaei" Played in Melody of the Rainy City (2006) Directed by "Hadi Marzban" Played in Slowly with Roses (1988) Directed by "Hadi Marzban" Played in Antigone (1987) Directed by "Majid Djafari" Played in Act on Stage (1986) Directed by "Hossein Mokhtari" Played in One Flew over the Cuckoo's Nest (1986) Directed by "Manizhe Mohamedi" Played in A Memory of Two Mondays (1985) Directed by "Majid Djafari" Played in Don't Be An Idiot, General!

Francisco Primo de Verdad y Ramos

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<mask> (June 9, 1760, hacienda Ciénega del Rincón Jalisco – October 4, 1808, Mexico City) was a New Spain lawyer and politician and a proponent of independence from Spain. He was imprisoned by the Spanish authorities for his advocacy, and died in prison. He is considered one of the protomartyrs of Mexican independence. Born at the hacienda of Ciénega del Rincón in what is now the Municipality of Ojuelos de Jalisco in the State of Jalisco but was then under the jurisdiction the village of Santa María de los Lagos (nowadays Lagos de Moreno); from the religious point of view, the hacienda of Ciénega del Rincón, belonged to the Parish Church of the actual city of Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes. <mask> studied in the College of San Ildefonso in Mexico City, graduating as a lawyer. He was a student of the American and French Revolutions, and of Jean-Jacques Rousseau. His friend and comrade Licenciado <mask> later described him as a "true scholar" (sabio).In 1808, he was a member of the Cabildo (city council) of the ayuntamiento (city government) in the capital of the viceroyalty. He was a Criollo by virtue of his birth in America, and a prominent member of the Criollo party in government. Criollos were prominent in the agitation for autonomy or independence from Spain, and this agitation was increasing. The Cabildo of Mexico City was composed of professional men, Criollos. It is possible that <mask> <mask> was also a member of one of the secret societies working for the independence of the colony, but that is not known with certainty. Independence of Mexico On March 19, 1808, at the summer palace of Aranjuez, King Carlos IV of Spain was forced to abdicate a court faction that removed Prime Minister <mask>e Fernado as Fernando VII.Napoleon's troops occupied Madrid and he invited Carlos IV and Fernando VII to Bayonne, France, where he forced both to abdicate in favor of his brother Joseph Bonaparte in May 1808. News of this second abdication was received in Mexico on July 11, 1808. The way now seemed open for the Criollo, party to achieve autonomy for New Spain. An old Spanish law was invoked that in the absence of the head of state, sovereignty reverts to the people, expressed through their representatives in the Cortes. The application of this law would allow a legal route for New Spain to weaken its ties with Spain. This was arguably an attempt to preserve the monarchical constitution in the face of foreign aggression, rather than a subversion of it. On July 19, councilmen Azcárate y <mask> and <mask> <mask> presented a plan to form a provisional, governing junta for an autonomous New Spain, with Viceroy <mask> <mask> at its head.The justification for this was that the mother country was now occupied by foreign troops, and the royal family was being held prisoner. The plan was accepted by the viceroy and the Cabildo, but not by the Audiencia. (Just as the Cabildo was dominated by liberal Criollos, the Audiencia was dominated by conservative Peninsulares, large landowners and wealthy businessmen born in Spain.) On August 9, 1808, at a meeting of Notables called to debate the situation, <mask> <mask> spoke in favor of popular sovereignty. Some of the oidores (members of the Audiencia) spoke in rebuttal, declaring the proposal seditious and subversive. Inquisitor Bernardo Prado <mask> declared it heresy and anathema. The Notables adopted an intermediate position — New Spain would recognize no supreme authority other than the king of Spain, now considered to be Ferdinand VII.On August 31, 1808, the crisis took a sharper turn with the arrival of Juan Gabriel Jabat, representative of the Junta of Seville, and a message from the Junta of Asturias. Both juntas requested New Spain's recognition as the legitimate government of Spain, thus providing evidence of the lack of any legitimate government in the country. On September 1, 1808, Melchor <mask>, a Peruvian priest and the intellectual leader of the Criollo party, delivered two tracts to the Cabildo, in favor of separation from Spain and the convoking of a Mexican congress. On September 15, 1808, the Spaniards opposed to independence and popular sovereignty, headed by the rich businessman Gabriel J<mask> Yermo, staged a coup. Viceroy <mask> was deposed and <mask> <mask>, Melchor <mask> and other members of the Criollo party were arrested. The viceroy was replaced with General <mask> <mask>. <mask> <mask> and others were imprisoned in the jail of the archbishop, subject to trial.With this seizure of power, Yermo and the Peninsulares initiated a "half century of uprisings and coups d'état", in both colonial and independent Mexico (Fuentes Mares, p. 81). Death On October 4, 1808, <mask> <mask> was found dead in his cell, of suicide or murder. Circumstances suggested the latter and poison was suspected, but that was never proven. Today in Mexico <mask> <mask> <mask> is revered as one of the protomartyrs of Mexican independence. Notes References "<mask> y <mask>, <mask> <mask>," Enciclopedia de México, v. 14. Mexico City, 1988. Fuentes Mares, José.Biografía de una nación: <mask> a López Portillo. Mexico City: Océano, 1982. <mask> <mask> y <mask>, <mask>, "Memoria Póstuma", en Genaro García, Documentos Históricos Mexicanos, v. II. Mexico City: Comisión Nacional para la Celebración del 175 Aniversario de la Independencia Nacional y 75 Aniversario de la Revolución Mexicana, 1985. Lancaster-Jones, Ricardo; "Primo Verdad, Jalisciense Neto", Gaceta de Guadalajara, No. 228, 1959, pp. 8–14.External links Biography and analysis Short biography Biography Colonial Mexico 1760 births 1808 deaths Mexican people who died in prison custody Prisoners who died in Spanish detention Politicians from Jalisco

Willemiena Bouwman

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<mask> (5 February 1920 – 3 March 2007), also known as Mien van Trouw, was a social worker and member of the Dutch Resistance who rescued dozens of Jewish children who were at risk of persecution and deportation by Nazi officials during World War II. She also played a role in the development of the Dutch newspaper, Trouw, as one of its earliest employees. She was declared to be Righteous Among the Nations by Yad Vashem on 7 June 1992 for her rescue of Jewish children during the war. Formative years Born in the village of Gees in the Netherlands province of Drenthe on 5 February 1920, <mask> was a daughter of the Rev. J. J. Bouwman. Sometime around the start of World War II, the family resided in Almelo; their father had been forced into hiding for forbidding a prominent member of the Nationaal-Socialistische Beweging (the National Socialist Movement in the Netherlands or NSB) from taking part in religious services related to an evening meal. World War II <mask> found love during the early years of World War II with Willem Pieter (“Wim”) Speelman (1919-1945), one of the organizers of Trouw (“True” or “Allegiance”), an orthodox Protestant underground newspaper which was published illegally in violation of Nazi laws prohibiting the free operation of independent press outlets.An economics student at the Vrije Universiteit (Free University), Speelman had been involved with the Dutch Resistance since 1940, writing content for resistance advocacy pamphlets, as well as with Vrij Nederland (Free the Netherlands). Under increasing scrutiny by Dutch and German officials, Speelman was forced to go into hiding on 20 April 1941 when that scrutiny turned into a wave of arrests at Trouw. Bouwman would later recall that his date of departure proved ironic since it fell on Adolf Hitler's birthday. By 1942, Bouwman and Speelman were engaged. Afterward, they went into hiding in Groningen; Bouwman then also became active with Trouws work on behalf of the Dutch Resistance. Using the alias “Mien van Trouw,” she joined Trouw'''s “verspreiders,” a group of couriers who covertly distributed the newspaper and confidential messages to resistance supporters. Carrying the materials from Amsterdam to Groningen twice weekly, she risked her life more and more with each trip because Dutch and German officials had declared that involvement with anti-Nazi newspapers was punishable by death.Mien van Trouw overladen, Trouw, March 5, 2007.Bak, Peter.Ze moest wel meedoen aan de verzetsstrijd, Trouw. By the summer of 1943, she and Speelman were also actively engaged in the rescue of Jewish children who were at risk of persecution and deportation by Nazi officials. Among those participating in this network was Hetty Voûte.Mien van Trouw overladen, Trouw, March 5, 2007.Bak, Peter. Ze moest wel meedoen aan de verzetsstrijd, Trouw. According to Yad Vashem, just prior to beginning a massive July 1942 action in Amsterdam, Nazi authorities and their Dutch collaborators had designated the Hollandsche Schouwburg, a Jewish Theater there, as the main holding area for the targeted families. As this round up and subsequent actions progressed, children were separated from their parents and moved across the street to "the Crèche – what had been a day care center for the children of mostly Jewish working mothers." The parents were then taken to the Nazi transit camp at Westerbork, and held there until transported by cattle car to a death camp.In 1943, using her alias, “Mien van Trouw,” <mask> Bouwman became active with the ongoing Crèche rescues. Picking up children in Amsterdam on her return from courier trips for Trouw, she transported those children to safe houses located in Friesland and Groningen. Additional rescue trips were also undertaken to Drenthe and Overijssel. In one case, she escorted Barend Stempel on a dangerous train trip north. After dropping the two-year-old off at a temporary shelter, she was able to return home safely.Mien van Trouw overladen, Trouw, March 5, 2007. By September 1943, as child rescues from the Crèche declined, <mask> Bouwman resumed her covert activities for Trouw. Three months later, her fiancé was arrested, but then managed to escape on 30 December.In January 1944, they relocated to Amsterdam in order to facilitate new resistance activities. A year later, her fiancé was arrested when the Sicherheitsdienst (also known as the “SD”) raided the printing office of Trouw on Amsterdam's Lijnbaansgracht. Just over two weeks later, Wim Speelman was executed. He was just 26 years old when he died at Halfweg on 19 February 1945. Soldiering on, <mask> Bouwman (aka “Mien van Trouw”) took over her fiancé's former job with the newspaper. Ten weeks later, she oversaw the publication of Trouws 5 May 1945 Liberation edition.Mien van Trouw overladen, Trouw, March 3, 2007.Bak, Peter. Ze moest wel meedoen aan de verzetsstrijd, Trouw.Post-war life Following her nation's liberation from its occupation by Germany and the end of World War II, <mask> Bouwman left her newspaper work behind, and became a social worker at the Stichting Gezinszorg in Kennemerland. She also married and was widowed by fellow former Trouw courier Gerrit Dijkstra. Later, she wed for a second time, marrying Henk Vooren and becoming Wilhelmina Vooren-Bouwman.Vooren, Wilhelmina, Righteous Among the Nations, Yad Vashem. She also served as a board member of the Christian Press Foundation. Reportedly “annoyed” with the “anti-revolutionary” stance of her former employer, she welcomed the change in the publication's tone in later years, according to Trouw. In 1977, she began work with the '40-'45 Foundation, a position she held until her 1985 retirement. An elder of the Reformed Church, she was also active with her local Council of Churches.Mien van Trouw, Trouw, December 31, 2007.Death and burial Wilhelmina Vooren-Bouwman (aka "Mien van Trouw") died in Bennebroek, North Holland, Netherlands at the age of 87 on 3 March 2007.Mien van Trouw, Trouw, December 31, 2007. Awards She was declared to be Righteous Among the Nations by Yad Vashem on 7 June 1992 for her rescue of David de La Penha and Barend Stempel. Her name was inscribed on the Wall of Honor (Netherlands) in the Garden of the Righteous Among the Nations on the Mount of Remembrance in Jerusalem, Israel.Vooren, Wilhelmina, Righteous Among the Nations, Yad Vashem. References External resources "The Illegal Press". Amsterdam, Netherlands: Dutch Resistance Museum. The Righteous Among the Nations (database). Jerusalem, Israel: Yad Vashem.“Trouw.” Nationaal Comité 4 en 5 mei 2018: Jaar van Verzet (National Committee of 2018: Year of the Resistance). “Waken over de naam van oom Wim, oprichter van Trouw” (“Watch over the name of Uncle Wim, founder of Trouw”). Amsterdam, Netherlands: Trouw'', January 30, 2018. Dutch Righteous Among the Nations Female resistance members of World War II Women in war in the Netherlands Dutch resistance members 1920 births 2007 deaths 20th-century Dutch women

Henry Perrin Coon

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<mask> (September 30, 1822 – December 4, 1884) was the 10th Mayor of San Francisco who served from July 1, 1863, to December 1, 1867. He was one of the most versatile men ever to hold the office, having previously worked as a teacher, doctor, lawyer, druggist and businessman. <mask> was born on September 30, 1822, in Columbia County, New York, the youngest of 13 children, and was raised in the Presbyterian church. His parents sent him to Claverack Academy, near Hudson, New York, where he spent two or three years. He then attended Williams College where he graduated with the class of 1844. After college, he was the superintendent of Claverack Academy for a short time before beginning studies for the ministry. After about a year, his biography records that a severe cold settled into his throat that spoiled his voice for public speaking, which he ultimately regained in California's milder climate.At that point, he selected medicine as his profession. After receiving his medical degree from the Philadelphia College of Medicine in 1848, he returned to Hudson, New York where he married Ruthetta Folger on September 18, 1849. He then established a medical practice in Syracuse, New York. In 1853, he left for California, leaving his wife and infant daughter behind for the time being, although they joined him the following year. He and Ruthetta ultimately had four children: three sons and a daughter. After arriving in San Francisco in 1853, he established a new medical practice, complete with an apothecary shop and a chemical-importing company. Coon also participated in organizing manufacturing and wholesale vinegar businesses.He was an active member of San Francisco's Vigilance Committee of 1856. When the Vigilance Committee transformed itself into a political party called the Peoples' Party later that year, he was the party's nominee for police judge. He was elected to the judgeship on November 4, 1856, receiving 8,706 votes out of 11,038 cast. Coon established a reputation for being tough on criminals (compared to the previous attitude of leniency toward them). Coon also gained notoriety for refusing to stop a duel between California Supreme Court Justice David S. Terry and U.S. Senator David C. Broderick, in which Broderick was killed. At the end of his second term in 1860, <mask> stepped down from the post to return to his medical practice.In early 1861, he and his family traveled to the East Coast but returned to San Francisco late that year when he again resumed the practice of medicine. <mask> reluctantly ran for mayor in 1863 after being approached by the People's Party, winning by nearly a thousand votes in the election of May 16, 1863. While he spent his first two years in office with ceremonial duties, including participating in the opening of the Bank of California, and leading a procession through the streets after President Abraham Lincoln was assassinated, his second two-year term would be quite traumatic. In the same election in which <mask> was first elected, there had been a bond measure known as the Railroad Subscription Act. The measure—which easily passed—called for the city government to issue $650,000 in bonds for an equal amount of stock in the Central Pacific Railroad Company. <mask>, at first, refused to issue the bonds. After the railroad company obtained an injunction ordering him to do so, he acquiesced.He also opposed William Ralston's plan to extend Montgomery Street past Howard Street in the South of Market area, even though he helped Ralston open the Bank of California. Ralston had bought land south of the intersection and had obtained approval from the Board of Supervisors. However, after <mask>'s veto, Ralston had to content himself with building the Palace Hotel. <mask> also turned his energies to adorning the city. He hired a crew to survey a very sandy area in the western part of the city. This sandy area would be the site of Golden Gate Park. On April 3, 1865, by order of the San Francisco Board of Supervisors, <mask> became ex officio President of the city's Board of Health.After leaving office in 1867, he did not resume the practice of medicine but engaged in the insurance business as well as dealing in real estate. He amassed enough wealth to purchase two large ranches, one of them became part of the campus of Stanford University. In 1868, he was appointed by the Governor to the office of Tide Lands Commissioner. In 1870–71, he and his family visited Great Britain and many parts of continental Europe. His wife, Ruthetta, died in 1877 and he remarried the next year to the widow of a Navy doctor. <mask> died of heart failure on December 4, 1884, at Ralston's Palace Hotel. In reporting his death, the Daily Alta California newspaper of San Francisco noted that "throughout his career in this city he has been conspicuous as an energetic citizen in local enterprises, with strong executive ability, conservative business principles, and the firmest integrity in all his transactions.In private life he was highly esteemed as a gentleman of kind sociability and true friendship. The activity and usefulness of his life was unbroken from the days of the pioneers up to yesterday. "<ref>Daily Alta California”, December 5, 1884, archived at the UCR Center for Bibliographical Studies and Research, California Digital Newspaper Collection https://cdnc.ucr.edu/?a=d&d=DAC18841205.2.23&srpos=30&dliv=none&e=-------en--20-DAC-21--txt-txIN-Coon-------1%2f accessed March 3, 2019</ref> He is interred at the Mountain View Cemetery in Oakland, California. Sources Heintz, William F., San Francisco's Mayors: 1850-1880. From the Gold Rush to the Silver Bonanza. Woodside, CA: Gilbert Roberts Publications, 1975. (Library of Congress Card No.75-17094) <mask>, H.I., Life of <mask><mask>'', unpublished manuscript c.1885, in the California State Library, California History Room, Sacramento, California References External links The Political Graveyard San Francisco's Alcades and Mayors 1822 births 1884 deaths Mayors of San Francisco California Populists People from Columbia County, New York Williams College alumni Burials at Mountain View Cemetery (Oakland, California) People's Party (United States) elected officials 19th-century American politicians

Mykola Lebid

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<mask> (, , 5 May 1936 – 29 March 2007) was a Ukrainian painter, graphic artist, designer, Honored Artist of Ukraine, and professor, known for watercolor paintings, graphics, design, medal art. Winner of Nikolai Ostrovsky Premium in 1986. Life <mask> was born on 5 May 1936 in small village of Kustine, Sumy region, Ukrainian SSR (now Ukraine). Father <mask> (1896–1947) was a railroad worker, fought in the Red Army during World War II, was wounded and died shortly after the war ended. Mother – <mask> (Radchenko) (1898-19??). The family had six children. Two older brothers died during the Holodomor of the 1930s.The elder brother Danilo <mask>, went missing in November 1943. Prior to that he was awarded two medals "For Courage". After the war, the older sisters Galina, Maria and the youngest <mask> lived with their mother. Following his education at the Leningrad Vera Mukhina Higher School of Art and Design (1957-1963), <mask> <mask> worked as an art-designer of the "Ukrdipromebli" Institute and the Institute of Technical Aesthetics in Kyiv (1964–1967). <mask> was a chief artist of the "Ukrtorgreklama" (1966–1973). He has been the member of the Ukrainian Artists Union since 1967. <mask> is an author of the Khreshchatyk street holiday lighting (1967–1977).<mask> <mask> created a series of lamps for public institutions; musical instruments for Chernihiv and Zhytomyr musical factories (in particular, the famous piano "Ukraine"); children's wooden toys and souvenirs, which were produced in the 1960-1970s at the Chernihiv and Kyiv factories. Radio receivers "Olimpik", "Olimpik-401" are designed by <mask> <mask> (1977). <mask> is an author of cutlery made of gold and silver, souvenirs made by the "Ukrsamotsvity" jewelry factory, watch design, filmoscopes, loudspeakers, and other household products. They are copyrighted and produced since the 1970s, some were produced up to the 2000s. Since the 1980s, <mask> <mask> has been engaged in environmental and landscape design. Comprehensive presentation of Ukraine at the 12th World Festival of Youth and Students in Moscow, 1985 (M. Ostrovsky Prize, 1986). Small architectural forms and history museum in Varva (1986–1990).Memorial "Defenders of the Motherland" in Borova (1987). Belgorod Central Park (Russia, 1988), ukrainian-russian restaurant in Dubai (UAE, 1996), etc. In the field of graphics, M<mask> developed the corporate style of the "Science" club of the Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (1980–1983). He is an author of series of commemorative medals and badges for Kiev radio plant "Slavutich" (1982–1989). In 1992 <mask> <mask> received the honorary title of Honored Artist of Ukraine. In 1999 in tight competition M<mask> became the author of the state award Order "For Courage" and about twenty departmental awards. In 1999 he was nominated for the honorary title of People's Artist of Ukraine.Watercolor paintings of <mask> <mask> are among the best created in this technique by contemporary artists. Are written alla prima, extremely transparent, passionate and at the same time are in logical design, rhythm and composition. Both in painting and in design <mask> <mask> does not copy the objects of nature, but expresses the regularities by all means available. Watercolor paintings were exhibited at numerous personal and group exhibitions. Paintings by M<mask> can be found in private collections throughout the US, United Kingdom, Poland, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Canada, Ukraine, Germany, United Arab Emirates, Austria, Belgium, Netherlands, Russia and others. During last years of life, <mask> <mask> passed on his skills to students of the Institute of Interior Design and Landscape (National Academy of Government Managerial Staff of Culture and Arts). He died at his home in Kiev on 29 March 2007, surrounded by his family.Selected works a series of watercolor paintings in own exquisite technique. ; Author of state and departmental awards of Ukraine Order "For Courage", 3 classes (1995, State Award of Ukraine) Honorary award of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine (1995, Ministry of Internal Affairs) Honorary award "For achievement" (1995, Ministry of Internal Affairs) Honorary award "The best fire brigade worker" (1995, Ministry of Internal Affairs, Ministry of Emergency Situations of Ukraine) Honorary award "Security Service of Ukraine" (1996,

Leonard J. Fick

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<mask><mask> (September 6, 1915 – February 4, 1990) was an American Roman Catholic priest, scholar and educator, college president, author in Ohio whose educational career spanned over fifty years. <mask> devoted more than sixty years to the Pontifical College Josephinum and is considered by many to be its most prominent 20th century graduate, scholar, administrator and leader having occupied more positions of responsibility and leadership than anyone else during that time. <mask>, as he preferred to be called, at both Ohio Dominican University, the Josephinum and other institutions and churches, in both the classroom and from the pulpit, inspired generations of English students with his witty insights into the intricacies of the English language – into writing, poetry, literature and theatre and in insights into the life of <mask> and his Church. Fick's critical and mentoring skills influenced a host of college-educated men and women who would go on to be priests, teachers, scholars and leaders in all walks of life. Childhood <mask> was born in Rich Fountain, Missouri, on September 6, 1915. He was the oldest of the four sons of Herman and <mask>. His family were German-speaking Catholics.He graduated from Sacred Heart Elementary School in 1928. Seminary education Because of his German background, when young <mask> decided that he wanted to study to become a Catholic priest, it was only natural that he would consider a seminary founded by a German and that was still conducting some classes in German, although the institution had grown into a Pontifical College with a growing international emphasis. This seminary was the Pontifical College Josephinum, a school founded by a German priest, <mask>; <mask>, raised in Germany, distinguished himself for bravery in fierce fighting for his country and eventually founded an orphanage in Ohio. Out of that orphanage grew a seminary; naturally, <mask> was attracted to the Josephinum. Beginning his high school studies in the fall of 1929, <mask> arrived at the Josephinum to begin his high school seminary studies. He would distinguish himself all the way through his training as a gifted scholar. Academic career When he was ordained a Roman Catholic priest in 1941, the young priest was requested to stay on and join the teaching faculty at the Josephinum.So as a student, teacher and administrator, <mask> would be associated with the Josephinum for more than 61 years. After graduating from the Seminary College, <mask> went on to study English literature at St. Louis University, the University of California at Berkeley and the Ohio State University, where he completed his doctoral studies in 1951. In 1958 <mask> was appointed to the first level of Monsignorate by Rome. He would be appointed to the second level in 1967. For twenty-one years, 1948–1969, Monsignor <mask> also taught English at the College of St. Mary of the Springs, (now Ohio Dominican University). <mask> was immensely popular among students, introducing them to literary classics, creative writing, research and drama. A Monsignor <mask> literary committee still meets at Ohio Dominican in his honor.He was also a moderator of several literary clubs formed by graduates. He addressed the seminary section at meetings of the National Catholic Education Association and helped other seminaries as a member of various teams that were sent to inspect the status of vocational education by the US Bishops' Committee on Priestly Formation. <mask> was named chairman of the English Department of the College in 1952. In 1958 he was named academic dean. He served as Vice Rector of the combined schools of the Josephinum Campus from 1969 until 1989. Teaching Because Fick had traveled much in his studies, he had the opportunity to meet well-known American authors including William Faulkner whom he met in a coffee house favored by the literary set in New York City. Sometimes, to illustrate a point in the classroom, <mask> would make references to one of these encounters.When a student grew discouraged at the amounts of red ink expended on their term papers and essays, <mask> would typically tell the student to persist in his or her efforts, reminding the student that "Knowledge maketh a bloody entrance," or similar quips. As editor of The Josephinum Review, he had a standing bet with his students to pay a dollar if anyone could find a single grammatical mistake. Never one to mince words, in the midst of an attack on an alleged grammatical "mistake" in his magazine, he told one student that he "had the tact of a wet noodle." At times, vice rectors of the Josephinum (the apostolic delegate to the United States was the nominal rector) restricted students' access to "worldly literature." One such episode occurred after a visit of Bishop <mask> McShea of Allentown, Pennsylvania, that led to a new vice rector, Ralph Thompson, and strict new rules, among them a "book policy" that limited what students could read. Beyond spiritual and classroom books, students had to have a permission slip signed by a professor for any book in their college rooms. One college student went to see <mask> and asked him to sign a slip for <mask> Passos' trilogy "USA."With great sadness, <mask> told him that while he was greatly pleased that this student wanted to read such a great work of American literature in three volumes, he didn't want his signature on a permission slip for such an author given the repressive atmosphere then in place at the Josephinum. <mask> told the student to wait until summer, buy the book and read it during the vacation period. In addition to his regular classes, when Fick could generate enough interest and time, he would offer a rare elective college course on the college level, World Literature. He limited the size of the class and required massive readings. Students recalled that they still referred to their notes for this class more than 40 years later for new things to read when they developed the literary version of the attitude <mask> warned them against with the German phrase, "Ich hab schon alles gesehen." (literally, "I have already all things seen"). As late as 2007, one former Fick student reported that next to his bedside table was Gösta Berling's Saga by Selma Lagerlöf, who in 1909 became the first woman and the first Swede to win the Nobel Prize for literature.Accreditation efforts for the Josephinum schools At the Josephinum Schools, <mask> could see that the institution's future was tied to its stature academically both within Catholic as well as public educational accreditation institutions. To that end, <mask> undertook a long-term effort at attaining accreditation. As a direct result of his work, the Josephinum College was granted candidacy in 1972 in the North Central Association and full accreditation in 1976. This process took sixteen years of sustained and detailed effort including five self-studies and mountains of paperwork. When full accreditation was awarded it also included the Graduate School of Theology. Author and writer Msgr <mask> authored numerous papers, articles and several books. In 1947 <mask> edited the school publication formerly named The Josephinum Weekly, that had been in print since 1916, and renamed it The Josephinum Review.<mask> was editor of this magazine for twenty years and authored the editorial column on the front page as well. <mask> wrote The Light Beyond: A Study of Hawthorne's Theology, , a book originally published in 1955 by The Newman Press and reprinted in 1975 by Norwood Editions. He also authored a book on the German stigmatic, Therese Neumann, What about Therese Neumann: A concise background for and analysis of the critical reception accorded Hilda C. Graef's the case of Therese Neumann, The Newman Press, 1951 ASIN, B0007H5KMO In November 1988, <mask> authored the definitive history of the Pontifical College Josephinum, The Jessing Legacy, 1888–1988: A Centennial History of the Pontifical College Josephinum. through the Kairos Press. Death in 1990 <mask> died from complications of heart disease in 1990. He was buried in the Josephinum Cemetery, on the grounds of the institution after a memorial service attended by over five hundred people including several bishops and over eighty priests. Legacy Ohio Dominican University (ODU), where he taught for over twenty years, continues to sponsor the Ohio Dominican Literary Committee that <mask> started and hosts Ohio Dominican Literary events featuring guest speakers.ODU also started the Monsignor <mask> Scholarship Fund in his honor for ODU students majoring in English. The school holds an annual Monsignor <mask> Literary Brunch, which honors the late Ohio Dominican faculty member and raises funds for Literary events. At his beloved Josephinum, prior to his death and in recognition of his notable service to the Josephinum, the auditorium in the College's 1958 recreation building was named in his honor. See also <mask> Pontifical College Josephinum References External links Selected Writings of <mask>. <mask> 2006-2007 PCJ Catalog 1915 births 1990 deaths Pontifical College Josephinum faculty American religious writers American Roman Catholic religious writers Ohio State University alumni Writers from Columbus, Ohio Pontifical College Josephinum alumni University of California, Berkeley alumni 20th-century American non-fiction writers Catholics from Ohio 20th-century American Roman Catholic priests

Gian Lorenzo Bernini

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<mask> (or <mask>) <mask> (, , ; Italian <mask>; 7 December 159828 November 1680) was an Italian sculptor and architect. While a major figure in the world of architecture, he was more prominently the leading sculptor of his age, credited with creating the Baroque style of sculpture. As one scholar has commented, "What Shakespeare is to drama, Bernini may be to sculpture: the first pan-European sculptor whose name is instantaneously identifiable with a particular manner and vision, and whose influence was inordinately powerful ..." In addition, he was a painter (mostly small canvases in oil) and a man of the theater: he wrote, directed and acted in plays (mostly Carnival satires), for which he designed stage sets and theatrical machinery. He produced designs as well for a wide variety of decorative art objects including lamps, tables, mirrors, and even coaches. As an architect and city planner, he designed secular buildings, churches, chapels, and public squares, as well as massive works combining both architecture and sculpture, especially elaborate public fountains and funerary monuments and a whole series of temporary structures (in stucco and wood) for funerals and festivals. His broad technical versatility, boundless compositional inventiveness and sheer skill in manipulating marble ensured that he would be considered a worthy successor of Michelangelo, far outshining other sculptors of his generation. His talent extended beyond the confines of sculpture to a consideration of the setting in which it would be situated; his ability to synthesize sculpture, painting, and architecture into a coherent conceptual and visual whole has been termed by the late art historian Irving Lavin the "unity of the visual arts".Biography Youth <mask> was born on 7 December 1598 in Naples to Angelica Galante, a Neapolitan, and Mannerist sculptor <mask>, originally from Florence. He was the sixth of their thirteen children. <mask> <mask> was the definition of childhood genius. He was "recognized as a prodigy when he was only eight years old, [and] he was consistently encouraged by his father, Pietro. His precocity earned him the admiration and favor of powerful patrons who hailed him as 'the Michelangelo of his century'”. More specifically, it was Pope Paul V, who after first attesting to the boy <mask>'s talent, famously remarked, 'This child will be the Michelangelo of his age,' later repeating that prophecy to Cardinal Maffeo Barberini (the future Pope Urban VIII), as <mask> reports in his biography of his father. In 1606 his father received a papal commission (to contribute a marble relief in the Cappella Paolina of Santa Maria Maggiore) and so moved from Naples to Rome, taking his entire family with him and continuing in earnest the training of his son <mask> <mask>.Several extant works, dating circa 1615–1620, are by general scholarly consensus, collaborative efforts by both father and son: they include the Faun Teased by Putti (c. 1615, Metropolitan Museum, NYC), Boy with a Dragon (c. 1616–17, Getty Museum, Los Angeles), the Aldobrandini Four Seasons (c. 1620, private collection), and the recently discovered Bust of the Savior (1615–16, New York, private collection). Sometime after the arrival of the <mask> family in Rome, word about the great talent of the boy <mask> <mask> got around and he soon caught the attention of Cardinal Scipione Borghese, nephew to the reigning pope, Paul V, who spoke of the boy genius to his uncle. <mask> was therefore presented before Pope Paul V, curious to see if the stories about <mask> <mask>'s talent were true. The boy improvised a sketch of Saint Paul for the marveling pope, and this was the beginning of the pope's attention on this young talent. Once he was brought to Rome, he rarely left its walls, except (much against his will) for a five-month stay in Paris in the service of King Louis XIV and brief trips to nearby towns (including Civitavecchia, Tivoli and Castelgandolfo), mostly for work-related reasons. Rome was <mask>'s city: “'You are made for Rome,’ said Pope Urban VIII to him, 'and Rome for you'”. It was in this world of 17th-century Rome and the international religious-political power which resided there that <mask> created his greatest works.<mask>'s works are therefore often characterized as perfect expressions of the spirit of the assertive, triumphal but self-defensive Counter Reformation Roman Catholic Church. Certainly <mask> was a man of his times and deeply religious (at least later in life), but he and his artistic production should not be reduced simply to instruments of the papacy and its political-doctrinal programs, an impression that is at times communicated by the works of the three most eminent Bernini scholars of the previous generation, Rudolf Wittkower, Howard Hibbard, and Irving Lavin. As Tomaso Montanari's recent revisionist monograph, La libertà di Bernini (Turin: Einaudi, 2016) argues and Franco Mormando's anti-hagiographic biography, Bernini: His Life and His Rome (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2011), illustrates, <mask> and his artistic vision maintained a certain degree of freedom from the mindset and mores of Counter-Reformation Roman Catholicism. Partnership with Scipione Borghese Under the patronage of the extravagantly wealthy and most powerful Cardinal Scipione Borghese, the young <mask> rapidly rose to prominence as a sculptor. Among his early works for the cardinal were decorative pieces for the garden of the Villa Borghese, such as The Goat Amalthea with the Infant Jupiter and a Faun. This marble sculpture (executed sometime before 1615) is generally considered by scholars to be the earliest work executed entirely by <mask> himself. Among <mask>'s earliest documented work is his collaboration on his father's commission of February 1618 from Cardinal Maffeo Barberini to create four marble putti for the Barberini family chapel in the church of Sant'Andrea della Valle, the contract stipulating that his son Gian <mask> would assist in the execution of the statues.Also dating to 1618 is a letter by Maffeo Barberini in Rome to his brother Carlo in Florence, which mentions that he (Maffeo) was thinking of asking the young <mask> <mask> to finish one of the statues left incomplete by Michelangelo, then in possession of Michelangelo's grandnephew which Maffeo was hoping to purchase, a remarkable attestation of the great skill that the young <mask> was already believed to possess. Although the Michelangelo statue-completion commission came to naught, the young <mask> was shortly thereafter (in 1619) commissioned to repair and complete a famous work of antiquity, the sleeping Hermaphrodite owned by Cardinal Scipione Borghese (Galleria Borghese, Rome) and later (circa 1622) restored the so-called Ludovisi Ares (Palazzo Altemps, Rome). Also dating to this early period are the so-called Damned Soul and Blessed Soul of circa 1619, two small marble busts which may have been influenced by a set of prints by Pieter de Jode I or Karel van Mallery, but which were in fact unambiguously cataloged in the inventory of their first documented owner, Fernando de Botinete y Acevedo, as depicting a nymph and a satyr, a commonly paired duo in ancient sculpture (they were not commissioned by nor ever belonged to either Scipione Borghese or, as most scholarship erroneously claims, the Spanish cleric, Pedro Foix Montoya). By the time he was twenty-two, <mask> was considered talented enough to have been given a commission for a papal portrait, the Bust of Pope Paul V, now in the J. Paul Getty Museum. <mask>'s reputation, however, was definitively established by four masterpieces, executed between 1619 and 1625, all now displayed in the Galleria Borghese in Rome. To the art historian Rudolf Wittkower these four works—Aeneas, Anchises, and Ascanius (1619), The Rape of Proserpina (1621–22), Apollo and Daphne (1622–1625), and David (1623–24)—"inaugurated a new era in the history of European sculpture". It is a view repeated by other scholars, such as Howard Hibbard who proclaimed that, in all of the seventeenth century, "there were no sculptors or architects comparable to Bernini".Adapting the classical grandeur of Renaissance sculpture and the dynamic energy of the Mannerist period, <mask> forged a new, distinctly Baroque conception for religious and historical sculpture, powerfully imbued with dramatic realism, stirring emotion and dynamic, theatrical compositions. <mask>'s early sculpture groups and portraits manifest "a command of the human form in motion and a technical sophistication rivaled only by the greatest sculptors of classical antiquity." Moreover, <mask> possessed the ability to depict highly dramatic narratives with characters showing intense psychological states, but also to organize large-scale sculptural works that convey a magnificent grandeur. Unlike sculptures done by his predecessors, these focus on specific points of narrative tension in the stories they are trying to tell: Aeneas and his family fleeing the burning Troy; the instant that Pluto finally grasps the hunted Persephone; the precise moment that Apollo sees his beloved Daphne begin her transformation into a tree. They are transitory but dramatic powerful moments in each story. <mask>'s David is another stirring example of this. Michelangelo's motionless, idealized David shows the subject holding a rock in one hand and a sling in the other, contemplating the battle; similarly immobile versions by other Renaissance artists, including Donatello's, show the subject in his triumph after the battle with Goliath.<mask> illustrates David during his active combat with the giant, as he twists his body to catapult toward Goliath. To emphasize these moments, and to ensure that they were appreciated by the viewer, <mask> designed the sculptures with a specific viewpoint in mind. Their original placements within the Villa Borghese were against walls so that the viewers' first view was the dramatic moment of the narrative. The result of such an approach is to invest the sculptures with greater psychological energy. The viewer finds it easier to gauge the state of mind of the characters and therefore understands the larger story at work: Daphne's wide open mouth in fear and astonishment, David biting his lip in determined concentration, or Proserpina desperately struggling to free herself. In addition to portraying psychological realism, they show a greater concern for representing physical details. The tousled hair of Pluto, the pliant flesh of Proserpina, or the forest of leaves beginning to envelop Daphne all demonstrate <mask>'s exactitude and delight for representing complex real world textures in marble form.Papal artist: the pontificate of Urban VIII In 1621 Pope Paul V Borghese was succeeded on the throne of St. Peter by another admiring friend of <mask>'s, Cardinal Alessandro Ludovisi, who became Pope Gregory XV: although his reign was very short (he died in 1623), Pope Gregory commissioned portraits of himself (both in marble and bronze) by Bernini. The pontiff also bestowed upon Bernini the honorific rank of 'Cavaliere,' the title with which for the rest of his life the artist was habitually referred. In 1623 came the ascent to the papal throne of his aforementioned friend and former tutor, Cardinal Maffeo Barberini, as Pope Urban VIII, and henceforth (until Urban's death in 1644) <mask> enjoyed near monopolistic patronage from the Barberini pope and family. The new Pope Urban is reported to have remarked, "It is a great fortune for you, O Cavaliere, to see Cardinal Maffeo Barberini made pope, but our fortune is even greater to have Cavalier <mask> alive in our pontificate." Although he did not fare as well during the reign (1644–55) of Innocent X, under Innocent's successor, Alexander VII (reigned 1655–67), <mask> once again gained pre-eminent artistic domination and continued in the successive pontificate to be held in high regard by Clement IX during his short reign (1667–69). Under Urban VIII's patronage, <mask>'s horizons rapidly and widely broadened: he was not just producing sculpture for private residences, but playing the most significant artistic (and engineering) role on the city stage, as sculptor, architect, and urban planner. His official appointments also testify to this—"curator of the papal art collection, director of the papal foundry at Castel Sant'Angelo, commissioner of the fountains of Piazza Navona".Such positions gave <mask> the opportunity to demonstrate his versatile skills throughout the city. To great protest from older, experienced master architects, he, with virtually no architectural training to his name, was appointed Chief Architect of St Peter's in 1629, upon the death of Carlo Maderno. From then on, <mask>'s work and artistic vision would be placed at the symbolic heart of Rome. <mask>'s artistic pre-eminence under Urban VIII and Alexander VII meant he was able to secure the most important commissions in the Rome of his day, namely, the various massive embellishment projects of the newly finished St. Peter's Basilica, completed under Pope Paul V with the addition of Maderno's nave and facade and finally re-consecrated by Pope Urban VIII on 18 November 1626, after 150 years of planning and building. Within the basilica he was responsible for the Baldacchino, the decoration of the four piers under the cupola, the Cathedra Petri or Chair of St. Peter in the apse, the tomb monument of Matilda of Tuscany, the chapel of the Blessed Sacrament in the right nave, and the decoration (floor, walls and arches) of the new nave. The St Peter's Baldacchino immediately became the visual centerpiece of the new St. Peter's. Designed as a massive spiraling gilded bronze canopy over the tomb of St Peter, <mask>'s four-pillared creation reached nearly from the ground and cost around 200,000 Roman scudi (about 8 million US dollars in the currency of the early 21st century)."Quite simply", writes one art historian, "nothing like it had ever been seen before". Soon after the St Peter's Baldacchino, <mask> undertook the whole-scale embellishment of the four massive piers at crossing of the basilica (i.e., the structures supporting the cupola) including, most notably, four colossal, theatrically dramatic statues, among them, the majestic St. Longinus executed by <mask> himself (the other three are by other contemporary sculptors François Duquesnoy, Francesco Mochi, and <mask>'s disciple, Andrea Bolgi). In the basilica, <mask> also began work on the tomb for Urban VIII, completed only after Urban's death in 1644, one in a long, distinguished series of tombs and funerary monuments for which <mask> is famous and a traditional genre upon which his influence left an enduring mark, often copied by subsequent artists. Indeed, <mask>'s final and most original tomb monument, the Tomb of Pope Alexander VII, in St. Peter's Basilica, represents,

Gian Lorenzo Bernini

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according to Erwin Panofsky, the very pinnacle of European funerary art, whose creative inventiveness subsequent artists could not hope to surpass. Begun and largely completed during Alexander VII's reign, Bernini's design of the Piazza San Pietro in front of the Basilica is one of his most innovative and successful architectural designs, which transformed a formerly irregular, inchoate open space into an aesthetically unified, emotionally thrilling, and logistically efficient (for carriages and crowds), completely in harmony with the pre-existing buildings and adding to the majesty of the basilica. Despite this busy engagement with large works of public architecture, <mask> was still able to devote himself to his sculpture, especially portraits in marble, but also large statues such as the life-size Saint Bibiana (1624, Church of Santa Bibiana, Rome). Bernini's portraits show his ever increasing ability to capture the utterly distinctive personal characteristics of his sitters, as well as his ability to achieve in cold white marble almost painterly-like effects that render with convincing realism the various surfaces involved: human flesh, hair, fabric of varying type, metal, etc.These portraits included a number of busts of Urban VIII himself, the family bust of Francesco Barberini and most notably, the Two Busts of Scipione Borghese—the second of which had been rapidly created by <mask> once a flaw had been found in the marble of the first. The transitory nature of the expression on Scipione's face is often noted by art historians, iconic of the Baroque concern for representing fleeting movement in static artworks. To Rudolf Wittkower the "beholder feels that in the twinkle of an eye not only might the expression and attitude change but also the folds of the casually arranged mantle". Other marble portraits in this period include that of Costanza Bonarelli (executed around 1637), unusual in its more personal, intimate nature. (At the time of the sculpting of the portrait, <mask> was having an affair with Costanza, wife of one of his assistants, sculptor, Matteo.) Indeed, it would appear to be the first marble portrait of a non-aristocratic woman by a major artist in European history. Beginning in the late 1630s, now known in Europe as one of the most accomplished portraitists in marble, <mask> also began to receive royal commissions from outside Rome, for subjects such as Cardinal Richelieu of France, Francesco I d'Este the powerful Duke of Modena, Charles I of England and his wife, Queen Henrietta Maria.The sculpture of Charles I was produced in Rome from a triple portrait (oil on canvas) executed by Van Dyck, that survives today in the British Royal Collection. The bust of Charles was lost in the Whitehall Palace fire of 1698 (though its design is known through contemporary copies and drawings) and that of Henrietta Maria was not undertaken due to the outbreak of the English Civil War. Temporary eclipse and resurgence under Innocent X In 1644, with the death of Pope Urban with whom <mask> had been so intimately connected and the ascent to power of the fierce Barberini-enemy Pope Innocent X Pamphilj, <mask>'s career suffered a major, unprecedented eclipse, which was to last four years. This had not only to do with Innocent's anti-Barberini politics but also to <mask>'s role in the disastrous project of the new bell towers for St. Peter's basilica, designed and supervised entirely by <mask>. The infamous bell tower affair was to be the biggest failure of his career, both professionally and financially. In 1636, eager to finally finish the exterior of St. Peter's, Pope Urban had ordered <mask> to design and build the two, long-intended bell towers for its facade: the foundations of the two towers had already been designed and constructed (namely, the last bays at either extremity of the facade) by Carlo Maderno (architect of the nave and the facade) decades earlier. Once the first tower was finished in 1641, cracks began to appear in the facade but, curiously enough, work nonetheless continued on the second tower and the first storey was completed.Despite the presence of the cracks, work only stopped in July 1642 once the papal treasury had been exhausted by the disastrous War of Castro. Knowing that <mask> could no longer depend on the protection of a favorable pope, his enemies (especially Francesco Borromini) raised a great alarm over the cracks, predicting a disaster for the whole basilica and placing the blame entirely on <mask>. The subsequent investigations, in fact, revealed the cause of the cracks as Maderno's defective foundations and not <mask>'s elaborate design, an exoneration later confirmed by the meticulous investigation conducted in 1680 under Pope Innocent XI. Nonetheless, <mask>'s opponents in Rome succeeded in seriously damaging the reputation of Urban's artist and in persuading Pope Innocent to order (in February 1646) the complete demolition of both towers, to <mask>'s great humiliation and indeed financial detriment (in the form of a substantial fine for the failure of the work). After this, one of the rare failures of his career, <mask> retreated into himself: according to his son, Domenico. his subsequent unfinished statue of 1647, Truth Unveiled by Time, was intended to be his self-consoling commentary on this affair, expressing his faith that eventually Time would reveal the actual Truth behind the story and exonerate him fully, as indeed did occur. Although he received no personal commissions from Innocent or the Pamphilj family in the early years of the new papacy, <mask> did not lose his former positions granted to him by previous popes.Innocent X maintained <mask> in all of the official roles given to him by Urban, including that of chief Architect of St. Peter's. Under <mask>'s design and direction, work continued on decorating the massive, recently completed but still entirely unadorned nave of St. Peter's, with the addition of an elaborate multi-colored marble flooring, marble facing on the walls and pilasters, and scores of stuccoed statues and reliefs. It is not without reason that Pope Alexander VII once quipped, 'If one were to remove from Saint Peter's everything that had been made by the Cavalier Bernini, that temple would be stripped bare.' Indeed, given all of his many and various works within the basilica over several decades, it is to Bernini that is due the lion's share of responsibility for the final and enduring aesthetic appearance and emotional impact of St. Peter's. He was also allowed to continue to work on Urban VIII's tomb, despite Innocent's antipathy for the Barberini. A few months after completing Urban's tomb, in 1648 <mask> won, in controversial circumstances, the Pamphilj commission for the prestigious Four Rivers Fountain on Piazza Navona, marking the end of his disgrace and the beginning a yet another glorious chapter in his life. If there had been doubts over <mask>'s position as Rome's preeminent artist, they were definitively removed by the unqualified success of the marvelously delightful and technically ingenious Four Rivers Fountain, featuring a heavy ancient obelisk placed over a void created by a cavelike rock formation placed in the center of an ocean of exotic sea creatures.<mask> continued to receive commissions from Pope Innocent X and other senior members of Rome's clergy and aristocracy, as well as from exalted patrons outside of Rome, such as Francesco d'Este. Recovering quickly form the humiliation of the bell tower, <mask>'s boundless creativity continued as before. New types of funerary monument were designed, such as, in the Church of Santa Maria sopra Minerva, the seemingly floating medallion, hovering in the air as it were, for the deceased nun Maria Raggi, while chapels he designed, such as the Raimondi Chapel in the church of San Pietro in Montorio, illustrated how <mask> could use hidden lighting to help suggest divine intervention within the narratives he was depicting. One of the most accomplished and celebrated works to come from <mask>'s hand in this period was the Cornaro Family Chapel in the small Carmelite church of Santa Maria della Vittoria, Rome. The Cornaro Chapel (inaugurated in 1651) showcased <mask>'s ability to integrate sculpture, architecture, fresco, stucco, and lighting into "a marvelous whole" (bel composto, to use early biographer Filippo Baldinucci's term to describe his approach to architecture) and thus create what scholar Irving Lavin has called the "unified work of art". The central focus of the Cornaro Chapel is the Ecstasy of Saint Teresa, depicting the so-called "transverberation" of Spanish nun and saint-mystic, Teresa of Avila. <mask> presents the spectator with a theatrically vivid portrait, in gleaming white marble, of the swooning Teresa and the quietly smiling angel, who delicately grips the arrow piercing the saint's heart.On either side of the chapel the artist places (in what can only strike the viewer as theater boxes), portraits in relief of various members of the Cornaro family – the Venetian family memorialized in the chapel, including Cardinal Federico Cornaro who commissioned the chapel from <mask> – who are in animated conversation among themselves, presumably about the event taking place before them. The result is a complex but subtly orchestrated architectural environment providing the spiritual context (a heavenly setting with a hidden source of light) that suggests to viewers the ultimate nature of this miraculous event. Nonetheless, during <mask>'s lifetime and in the centuries following till this very day, <mask>'s Saint Teresa has been accused of crossing a line of decency by sexualizing the visual depiction of the saint's experience, to a degree that no artist, before or after Bernini, dared to do: in depicting her at an impossibly young chronological age, as an idealized delicate beauty, in a semi-prostrate position with her mouth open and her legs splayed-apart, her wimple coming undone, with prominently displayed bare feet (Discalced Carmelites, for modesty, always wore sandals with heavy stockings) and with the seraph "undressing" her by (unnecessarily) parting her mantle to penetrate her heart with his arrow. Matters of decorum aside, Bernini's Teresa was still an artistic tour de force that incorporates all of the multiple forms of visual art and technique that <mask> had at his disposal, including hidden lighting, thin gilded beams, recessive architectural space, secret lens, and over twenty diverse types of colored marble: these all combine to create the final artwork—"a perfected, highly dramatic and deeply satisfying seamless ensemble". Embellishment of Rome under Alexander VII Upon his accession to the Chair of St Peter, Pope Alexander VII Chigi (1655–1667) began to implement his extremely ambitious plan to transform Rome into a magnificent world capital by means of systematic, bold (and costly) urban planning. In so doing, he brought to fruition the long, slow recreation of the urban glory of Rome—the "renovatio Romae"—that had begun in the fifteenth century under the Renaissance popes. Over the course of his pontificate Alexander commissioned many large-scale architectural changes in the city—indeed, some of the most significant ones in the city's recent history and for years to come—chosing Bernini as his principal collaborator (though other architects, especially Pietro da Cortona, were also involved).Thus did commence another extraordinarily prolific and successful chapter in <mask>'s career. <mask>'s major commissions during this period include the piazza in front of St Peter's basilica. In a previously broad, irregular, and completely unstructured space, he created two massive semi-circular colonnades, each row of which was formed of four white columns. This resulted in an oval shape that formed an inclusive arena within which any gathering of citizens, pilgrims and visitors could witness the appearance of the pope—either as he appeared on the loggia on the facade of St Peter's or on balconies on the neighboring Vatican palaces. Often likened to two arms reaching out from the church to embrace the waiting crowd, <mask>'s creation extended the symbolic greatness of the Vatican area, creating an "exhilarating expanse" that was, architecturally, an "unequivocal success". Elsewhere within the Vatican, <mask> created systematic rearrangements and majestic embellishment of either empty or aesthetically undistinguished space that exist as he designed them to the present day and have become indelible icons of the splendor of the papal precincts. Within the hitherto unadorned apse of the basilica, the Cathedra Petri, the symbolic throne of St Peter, was rearranged as a monumental gilded bronze extravagance that matched the Baldacchino created earlier in the century.<mask>'s complete reconstruction of the Scala Regia, the stately papal stairway between St. Peters's and the Vatican Palace, was slightly less ostentatious in appearance but still taxed <mask>'s creative powers (employing, for example, clever tricks of optical illusion) to create a seemingly uniform, totally functional, but nonetheless regally impressive stairway to connect two irregular buildings within an even more irregular space. Not all works during this era were on such a large scale. Indeed, the commission <mask> received to build the church of Sant'Andrea al Quirinale for the Jesuits was relatively modest in physical size (though great in its interior chromatic splendor), which <mask> executed completely free of charge. Sant'Andrea shared with the St. Peter's piazza—unlike the complex geometries of his rival Francesco Borromini—a focus on basic geometric shapes, circles and ovals to create spiritually intense buildings. Equally, <mask> moderated the presence of colour and decoration within these buildings, focussing visitors' attention on these simple forms that underpinned the building. Sculptural decoration was never eliminated, but its use was more minimal. He also designed the church of Santa Maria dell'Assunzione in the town of Ariccia with its circular outline, rounded dome and three-arched portico.Visit to France and service to King Louis XIV At the end of April 1665, and still considered the most important artist in Rome, if indeed not in all of Europe, <mask> was forced by political pressure (from both the French court and Pope Alexander VII) to travel to Paris to work for King Louis XIV, who required an architect to complete work on the royal palace of the Louvre. <mask> would remain in Paris until mid-October. Louis XIV assigned a member of his court to serve as <mask>'s translator, tourist guide, and overall companion, Paul Fréart de Chantelou, who kept a Journal of Bernini's visit that records much of <mask>'s behaviour and utterances in Paris. The writer Charles Perrault, who was serving at this time as an assistant to the French

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Finance Minister Jean-Baptiste Colbert, also provided a first-hand account of <mask>'s visit. <mask>'s popularity was such that on his walks in Paris the streets were lined with admiring crowds. But things soon turned sour. <mask> presented finished designs for the east front (i.e., the all-important principal facade of the entire palace) of the Louvre, which were ultimately rejected, albeit formally not until 1667, well after his departure from Paris (indeed, the already constructed foundations for <mask>'s Louvre addition were inaugurated in October 1665 in an elaborate ceremony, with both <mask> and King Louis in attendance).It is often stated in the scholarship on <mask> that his Louvre designs were turned down because Louis and his financial advisor Jean-Baptiste Colbert considered them too Italianate or too Baroque in style. In fact, as Franco Mormando points out, "aesthetics are never mentioned in any of [the] ... surviving memos" by Colbert or any of the artistic advisors at the French court. The explicit reasons for the rejections were utilitarian, namely, on the level of physical security and comfort (e.g., location of the latrines). It is also indisputable that there was an interpersonal conflict between <mask> and the young French king, each one feeling insufficiently respected by the other. Though his design for the Louvre went unbuilt, it circulated widely throughout Europe by means of engravings and its direct influence can be seen in subsequent stately residences such as Chatsworth House, Derbyshire, England, seat of the Dukes of Devonshire. Other projects in Paris suffered a similar fate. With the exception of Chantelou, <mask> failed to forge significant friendships at the French court.His frequent negative comments on various aspects of French culture, especially its art and architecture, did not go down well, particularly in juxtaposition to his praise for the art and architecture of Italy (especially Rome); he said that a painting by Guido Reni was worth more than all of Paris. The sole work remaining from his time in Paris is the Bust of Louis XIV although he also contributed a great deal to the execution of the Christ Child Playing with a Nail marble relief (now in the Louvre) by his son Paolo as a gift to the Queen of France. Back in Rome, <mask> created a monumental equestrian statue of Louis XIV; when it finally reached Paris (in 1685, five years after the artist's death), the French king found it extremely repugnant and wanted it destroyed; it was instead re-carved into a representation of the ancient Roman hero Marcus Curtius. Later years and death <mask> remained physically and mentally vigorous and active in his profession until just two weeks before his death that came as a result of a stroke. The pontificate of his old friend, Clement IX, was too short (barely two years) to accomplish more than the dramatic refurbishment by <mask> of the Ponte Sant'Angelo, while the artist's elaborate plan, under Clement, for a new apse for the basilica of Santa Maria Maggiore came to an unpleasant end in the midst of public uproar over its cost and the destruction of ancient mosaics that it entailed. The last two popes of <mask>'s life, Clement X and Innocent XI, were both not especially close or sympathetic to <mask> and not particularly interested in financing works of art and architecture, especially given the disastrous conditions of the papal treasury. The most important commission by <mask>, executed entirely by him in just six months in 1674, under Clement X was the statue of the Blessed Ludovica Albertoni, another nun-mystic.The work, reminiscent of <mask>'s Ecstasy of Saint Teresa, is located in the chapel dedicated to Ludovica remodeled under <mask>'s supervision in the Trastevere church of San Francesco in Ripa, whose facade was designed by <mask>'s disciple, Mattia de' Rossi. In his last two years, <mask> also carved (supposedly for Queen Christina) the bust of the Savior (Basilica of San Sebastiano fuori le Mura, Rome) and supervised the restoration of the historic Palazzo della Cancelleria as per papal commission under Innocent XI. The latter commission is outstanding confirmation of both <mask>'s continuing professional reputation and good health of mind and body even in advanced old age, inasmuch as the pope had chosen him over any number of talented younger architects plentiful in Rome, for this prestigious and most difficult assignment since, as his son Domenico points out, "deterioration of the palace had advanced to such an extent that the threat of its imminent collapse was quite apparent." Shortly after the completion of the latter project, <mask> died in his home on 28 November 1680 and was buried, with little public fanfare, in the simple, unadorned Bernini family vault, along with his parents, in the Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore. Though an elaborate funerary monument had once been planned (documented by a single extant sketch of circa 1670 by disciple Ludovico Gimignani), it was never built and <mask> remained with no permanent public acknowledgement of his life and career in Rome until 1898 when, on the anniversary of his birth, a simple plaque and small bust was affixed to the face of his home on the Via della Mercede, proclaiming "Here lived and died <mask> <mask>, a sovereign of art, before whom reverently bowed popes, princes, and a multitude of peoples." Personal life In the 1630s, Bernini had an affair with a married woman named Costanza (wife of his workshop assistant, Matteo Bonucelli, also called Bonarelli) and sculpted a bust of her (now in the Bargello, Florence) during the height of their romance. Costanza later had an affair with Bernini's younger brother, Luigi, who was Bernini's right-hand man in his studio.When <mask> found out about Costanza and his brother, in a fit of mad fury, he chased Luigi through the streets of Rome and into the basilica of Santa Maria Maggiore, threatening his life. To punish his unfaithful mistress, <mask> had a servant go to the house of Costanza, where the servant slashed her face several times with a razor. The servant was later jailed, while Costanza herself was jailed for adultery. <mask> himself, instead, was exonerated by the pope, even though he had committed a crime in ordering the face-slashing. Soon after, in May 1639, at age forty-one, <mask> wed a twenty-two-year-old Roman woman, Caterina Tezio, in an arranged marriage, under orders from Pope Urban. She bore him eleven children, including youngest son <mask>, who would later be his first biographer. After his never-repeated fit of passion and bloody rage and his subsequent marriage, <mask> turned more sincerely to the practice of his faith, according to his early official biographers, whereas brother Luigi was to once again, in 1670, bring great grief and scandal to his family by his sodomitic rape of a young Bernini workshop assistant at the construction site of the 'Constantine' memorial in St. Peter's Basilica.Architecture <mask>'s architectural works include sacred and secular buildings and sometimes their urban settings and interiors. He made adjustments to existing buildings and designed new constructions. Among his most well known works are the Piazza San Pietro (1656–67), the piazza and colonnades in front of St. Peter's Basilica and the interior decoration of the Basilica. Among his secular works are a number of Roman palaces: following the death of Carlo Maderno, he took over the supervision of the building works at the Palazzo Barberini from 1630 on which he worked with Borromini; the Palazzo Ludovisi (now Palazzo Montecitorio, started 1650); and the Palazzo Chigi (now Palazzo Chigi-Odescalchi, started 1664). His first architectural projects were the façade and refurbishment of the church of Santa Bibiana (1624–26) and the St. Peter's baldachin (1624–33), the bronze columned canopy over the high altar of St. Peter's Basilica. In 1629, and before St. Peter's Baldachin was complete, Urban VIII put him in charge of all the ongoing architectural works at St Peter's. However, <mask> fell out of favor during the papacy of Innocent X Pamphili: one reason was the pope's animosity towards the Barberini and hence towards their clients including <mask>.Another reason was the failure of the belltowers designed and built by <mask> for St. Peter's Basilica, commencing during the reign of Urban VIII. The completed north tower and the only partially completed south tower were ordered demolished by Innocent in 1646 because their excessive weight had caused cracks in the basilica's facade and threatened to do more calamitous damage. Professional opinion at the time was in fact divided over the true gravity of the situation (with <mask>'s rival Borromini spreading an extreme, anti-Bernini catastrophic view of the problem) and over the question of responsibility for the damage: Who was to blame? <mask>? Pope Urban VIII who forced <mask> to design over-elaborate towers? Deceased Architect of St. Peter's, Carlo Maderno who built the weak foundations for the towers? Official papal investigations in 1680 in fact completely exonerated <mask>, while inculpating Maderno.Never wholly without patronage during the Pamphili years, after Innocent's death in 1655 <mask> regained a major role in the decoration of St. Peter's with the Pope Alexander VII Chigi, leading to his design of the piazza and colonnade in front of St. Peter's. Further significant works by Bernini at the Vatican include the Scala Regia (1663–66), the monumental grand stairway entrance to the Vatican Palace, and the Cathedra Petri, the Chair of Saint Peter, in the apse of St. Peter's, in addition to the Chapel of the Blessed Sacrament in the nave. <mask> did not build many churches from scratch; rather, his efforts were concentrated on pre-existing structures, such as the restored church of Santa Bibiana and in particular St. Peter's. He fulfilled three commissions for new churches in Rome and nearby small towns. Best known is the small but richly ornamented oval church of Sant'Andrea al Quirinale, done (beginning in 1658) for the Jesuit novitiate, representing one of the rare works of his hand with which <mask>'s son, Domenico, reports that his father was truly and very pleased. <mask> also designed churches in Castelgandolfo (San Tommaso da Villanova, 1658–1661) and Ariccia (Santa Maria Assunta, 1662–1664), and was responsible for the re-modeling of the Santuario della Madonna di Galloro (just outside of Ariccia), endowing it with a majestic new facade. When <mask> was invited to Paris in 1665 to prepare works for Louis XIV, he presented designs for the east facade of the Louvre Palace, but his projects were ultimately turned down in favor of the more sober and classic proposals of a committee consisting of three Frenchmen: Louis Le Vau, Charles Le Brun, and the doctor and amateur architect Claude Perrault, signaling the waning influence of Italian artistic hegemony in France.<mask>'s projects were essentially rooted in the Italian Baroque urbanist tradition of relating public buildings to their settings, often leading to innovative architectural expression in urban spaces like piazze or squares. However, by this time, the French absolutist monarchy now preferred the classicizing monumental severity of the Louvre's facade, no doubt with the added political bonus that it had been designed by a Frenchmen. The final version did, however, include <mask>'s feature of a flat roof behind a Palladian balustrade. Personal residences During his lifetime <mask> lived in various residences throughout the city: principal among them, a palazzo right across from Santa Maria Maggiore and still extant at Via Liberiana 24, while his father was still alive; after his father's death in 1629, <mask> moved the clan to the long-ago-demolished Santa Marta neighborhood behind the apse of St. Peter's Basilica, which afforded him more convenient access to the Vatican Foundry and to his working studio also on the Vatican premises. In 1639, <mask> bought property on the corner of the via della Mercede and the via del Collegio di Propaganda Fide in Rome. This gave him the distinction of being the only one of two artists (the other is Pietro da Cortona) to be proprietor of his own large palatial (though not sumptuous) residence, furnished as well with its own water supply. <mask> refurbished and expanded the existing palazzo on the Via della Mercede site, at what are now Nos.11 and 12. (The building is sometimes referred to as "Palazzo Bernini," but that title more properly pertains to the <mask> family's later and larger home on Via del Corso, to which they moved in the early nineteenth century, now known as the Palazzo Manfroni-Bernini.) <mask> lived at No. 11 (extensively remodeled in the 19th century), where his working studio was located, as well as a large collection of works of art, his own and those of other artists. It is imagined that it must have been galling for <mask> to witness through the windows of his dwelling, the construction of the tower and dome of Sant'Andrea delle Fratte by his rival, Borromini, and also the demolition of the chapel that he, <mask>, had designed at the Collegio di Propaganda Fide to see it replaced by Borromini's chapel. The construction of Sant'Andrea, however, was completed by <mask>'s close disciple, Mattia de' Rossi, and it contains (to this day) the marble originals of two of <mask>'s own angels executed by the master for the Ponte Sant'Angelo. Fountains True to the decorative dynamism of Baroque which loved the aesthetic pleasure and emotional delight afforded by the sight and sound of water in motion, among <mask>'s most gifted and applauded creations were his Roman fountains, which were both utilitarian public works and personal monuments to their patrons, papal or otherwise.His first fountain, the 'Barcaccia' (commissioned in 1627, finished 1629) at the foot of the Spanish Steps, cleverly surmounted a challenge that <mask> was to face in several other fountain commissions, the low water pressure in many parts of Rome (Roman fountains were all driven by gravity alone), creating a low-lying flat boat that was able to take greatest advantage of the small amount of water available. Another example is the long-ago dismantled "Woman Drying Her Hair" fountain that <mask> created for the no-longer-extant Villa Barberini ai Bastioni on the edge of the Janiculum Hill overlooking St. Peter's Basilica. His other fountains include the Fountain of the Triton, or Fontana del Tritone, and the Barberini Fountain of the Bees, the Fontana delle Api. The Fountain of the Four Rivers, or Fontana dei Quattro Fiumi, in the Piazza Navona is an exhilarating masterpiece of spectacle and political allegory in which <mask> again brilliantly overcame the problem of the piazza's low water pressure creating the illusion of an abundance of water that in reality did not exist. An

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oft-repeated, but false, anecdote tells that one of the <mask>'s river gods defers his gaze in disapproval of the facade of Sant'Agnese in Agone (designed by the talented, but less politically successful, rival Francesco Borromini), impossible because the fountain was built several years before the façade of the church was completed. <mask> was also the artist of the statue of the Moor in La Fontana del Moro in Piazza Navona (1653). <mask>'s Triton Fountain is depicted musically in the second section of Ottorino Respighi's Fountains of Rome.Tomb monuments and other works Another major category of <mask>'s activity was that of the tomb monument, a genre on which his distinctive new style exercised a decisive and long-enduring influence; included in this category are his tombs for Popes Urban VIII and Alexander VII (both in St. Peter's Basilica), Cardinal Domenico Pimental (Santa Maria sopra Minerva, Rome, design only), and Matilda of Canossa (St. Peter's Basilica). Related to the tomb monument is the funerary memorial, of which <mask> executed several (including that, most notably, of Maria Raggi [Santa Maria sopra Minerva, Rome] also of greatly innovative style and long enduring influence. Among his smaller commissions, although not mentioned by either of his earliest biographers, Baldinucci or <mask>, the Elephant and Obelisk is a sculpture located near the Pantheon, in the Piazza della Minerva, in front of the Dominican church of Santa Maria sopra Minerva. Pope Alexander VII decided that he wanted a small ancient Egyptian obelisk (that was discovered beneath the piazza) to be erected on the same site, and in 1665 he commissioned <mask> to create a sculpture to support the obelisk. The sculpture of an elephant bearing the obelisk on its back was executed by one of <mask>'s students, Ercole Ferrata, upon a design by his master, and finished in 1667. An inscription on the base relates the Egyptian goddess Isis and the Roman goddess Minerva to the Virgin Mary, who supposedly supplanted those pagan goddesses and to whom the church is dedicated. A popular anecdote concerns the elephant's smile.To find out why it is smiling, legend has it, the viewer must examine the rear end of the animal and notice that its muscles are tensed and its tail is shifted to the left as if it were defecating. The animal's rear is pointed directly at one of the headquarters of the Dominican Order, housing the offices of its Inquisitors as well as the office of Father Giuseppe Paglia, a Dominican friar who was one of the main antagonists of <mask>, as a final salute and last word. Among his minor commissions for non-Roman patrons or venues, in 1677 <mask> worked along with Ercole Ferrata to create a fountain for the Lisbon palace of the Portuguese nobleman, the Count of Ericeira: copying his earlier fountains, <mask> supplied the design of the fountain sculpted by Ferrata, featuring Neptune with four tritons around a basin. The fountain has survived and since 1945 has been outside the precincts of the gardens of the Palacio Nacional de Queluz, several miles outside of Lisbon. Paintings and drawings <mask> would have studied painting as a normal part of his artistic training begun in early adolescence under the guidance of his father, Pietro, in addition to some further training in the studio of the Florentine painter, Cigoli. His earliest activity as a painter was probably no more than a sporadic diversion practiced mainly in his youth, until the mid-1620s, that is, the beginning of the pontificate of Pope Urban VIII (reigned 1623–1644) who ordered <mask> to study painting in greater earnest because the pontiff wanted him to decorate the Benediction Loggia of St. Peter's. The latter commission was never executed most likely because the required large-scale narrative compositions were simply beyond <mask>'s ability as a painter.According to his early biographers, Baldinucci and <mask>, <mask> completed at least 150 canvases, mostly in the decades of the 1620s and 30s, but currently there are no more than 35–40 surviving paintings that can be confidently attributed to his hand. The extant, securely attributed works are mostly portraits, seen close up and set against an empty background, employing a confident, indeed brilliant, painterly brushstroke (similar to that of his Spanish contemporary Velasquez), free from any trace of pedantry, and a very limited palette of mostly warm, subdued colors with deep chiaroscuro. His work was immediately sought after by major collectors. Most noteworthy among these extant works are several, vividly penetrating self portraits (all dating to the mid 1620s – early 1630s), especially that in the Uffizi Gallery, Florence, purchased during <mask>'s lifetime by Cardinal Leopoldo de' Medici. <mask>'s Apostles Andrew and Thomas in London's National Gallery is the sole canvas by the artist whose attribution, approximate date of execution (circa 1625) and provenance (the Barberini Collection, Rome) are securely known. As for <mask>'s drawings, about 350 still exist; but this represents a minuscule percentage of the drawings he would have created in his lifetime; these include rapid sketches relating to major sculptural or architectural commissions, presentation drawings given as gifts to his patrons and aristocratic friends, and exquisite, fully finished portraits, such as those of Agostino Mascardi (Ecole des Beaux-Arts, Paris) and Scipione Borghese and Sisinio Poli (both in New York's Morgan Library). Disciples, collaborators, and rivals Among the many sculptors who worked under his supervision (even though most were accomplished masters in their own right) were Luigi Bernini, Stefano Speranza, Giuliano Finelli, Andrea Bolgi, Giacomo Antonio Fancelli, Lazzaro Morelli, Francesco Baratta, Ercole Ferrata, the Frenchman Niccolò Sale, Giovanni Antonio Mari, Antonio Raggi, and François Duquesnoy.But his most trusted right-hand man in sculpture was Giulio Cartari, while in architecture it was Mattia de Rossi, both of whom traveled to Paris with <mask> to assist him in his work there for King Louis XIV. Other architect disciples include Giovanni Battista Contini and Carlo Fontana while Swedish architect, Nicodemus Tessin the Younger, who visited Rome twice after <mask>'s death, was also much influenced by him. Among his rivals in architecture were, above all, Francesco Borromini and Pietro da Cortona. Early in their careers they had all worked at the same time at the Palazzo Barberini, initially under Carlo Maderno and, following his death, under <mask>. Later on, however, they were in competition for commissions, and fierce rivalries developed, particularly between <mask> and Borromini. In sculpture, <mask> competed with Alessandro Algardi and Francois Duquesnoy, but they both died decades earlier than <mask> (respectively in 1654 and 1643), leaving <mask> effectively with no sculptor of his same exalted status in Rome. Francesco Mochi can also be included among <mask>'s significant rivals, though he was not as accomplished in his art as <mask>, Algardi or Duquesnoy.There was also a succession of painters (the so-called 'pittori berniniani') who, working under the master's close guidance and at times according to his designs, produced canvases and frescos that were integral components of <mask>'s larger multi-media works such as churches and chapels: Carlo Pellegrini, Guido Ubaldo Abbatini, Frenchman Guillaume Courtois (Guglielmo Cortese, known as 'Il Borgognone'), Ludovico Gimignani, and Giovanni Battista Gaulli (who, thanks to <mask>, was granted the prized commission to fresco the vault of the Jesuit mother church of the Gesù by <mask>'s friend, Jesuit Superior General, <mask> Paolo Oliva). As far as Caravaggio is concerned, in all the voluminous Bernini sources, his name appears only once, in the Chantelou Diary which records <mask>'s disparaging remark about him (specifically his Fortune Teller that had just arrived from Italy as a Pamphilj gift to King Louis XIV). However, how much <mask> really scorned Caravaggio's art is a matter of debate whereas arguments have been made in favor of a strong influence of Caravaggio on Bernini. <mask> would of course have heard much about Caravaggio and seen many of his works not only because in Rome at the time such contact was impossible to avoid, but also because during his own lifetime Caravaggio had come to the favorable attention of <mask>hese and the Barberini. Indeed, much like Caravaggio, <mask> used a theatrical light as an important aesthetic and metaphorical device in his religious settings, often using hidden light sources that could intensify the focus of religious worship or enhance the dramatic moment of a sculptural narrative. First biographies The most important primary source for the life of Bernini is the biography written by his youngest son, Domenico, entitled Vita del Cavalier Gio. <mask>ino, published in 1713 though first compiled in the last years of his father's life (c. 1675–80).Filippo Baldinucci's Life of Bernini, was published in 1682, and a meticulous private journal, the Diary of the Cavaliere Bernini's Visit to France, was kept by the Frenchman Paul Fréart de Chantelou during the artist's four-month stay from June through October 1665 at the court of King Louis XIV. Also, there is a short biographical narrative, The Vita Brevis of Gian <mask>ini, written by his eldest son, Monsignor Pietro Filippo <mask>, in the mid-1670s. Until the late 20th century, it was generally believed that two years after <mask>'s death, Queen Christina of Sweden, then living in Rome, commissioned Filippo Baldinucci to write his biography, which was published in Florence in 1682. However, recent research now strongly suggests that it was in fact <mask>'s sons (and specifically the eldest son, Mons. Pietro Filippo) who commissioned the biography from Baldinucci sometime in the late 1670s, with the intent of publishing it while their father was still alive. This would mean that first, the commission did not at all originate in Queen Christina who would have merely lent her name as patron (in order to hide the fact that the biography was coming directly from the family) and secondly, that Baldinucci's narrative was largely derived from some pre-publication version of <mask>'s much longer biography of his father, as evidenced by the extremely large amount of text repeated verbatim (there is no other explanation, otherwise, for the massive amount of verbatim repetition, and it is known that Baldinucci routinely copied verbatim material for his artists' biographies supplied by family and friends of his subjects). As the most detailed account and the only one coming directly from a member of the artist's immediate family, Domenico's biography, despite having been published later than Baldinucci's, therefore represents the earliest and more important full-length biographical source of Bernini's life, even though it idealizes its subject and whitewashes a number of less-than-flattering facts about his life and personality.Legacy As one Bernini scholar has summarized, "Perhaps the most important result of all of the [Bernini] studies and research of these past few decades has been to restore to Bernini his status as the great, principal protagonist of Baroque art, the one who was able to create undisputed masterpieces, to interpret in an original and genial fashion the new spiritual sensibilities of the age, to give the city of Rome an entirely new face, and to unify the [artistic] language of the times." Few artists have had as decisive an influence on the physical appearance and emotional tenor of a city as Bernini had on Rome. Maintaining a controlling influence over all aspects of his many and large commissions and over those who aided him in executing them, he was able to carry out his unique and harmoniously uniform vision over decades of work with his long and productive life Although by the end of <mask>'s life there was in motion a decided reaction against his brand of flamboyant Baroque, the fact is that sculptors and architects continued to study his works and be influenced by them for several more decades (Nicola Salvi's later Trevi Fountain [inaugurated in 1735] is a prime example of the enduring post-mortem influence of Bernini on the city's landscape). In the eighteenth century Bernini and virtually all Baroque artists fell from favor in the neoclassical criticism of the Baroque, that criticism aimed above all on the latter's supposedly extravagant (and thus illegitimate) departures from the pristine, sober models of Greek and Roman antiquity. It is only from the late nineteenth century that art historical scholarship, in seeking a more objective understanding of artistic output within the specific cultural context in which it was produced, without the a priori prejudices of neoclassicism, began to recognize <mask>'s achievements and slowly began restore his artistic reputation. However, the reaction against Bernini and the too-sensual (and therefore "decadent"), too emotionally charged Baroque in the larger culture (especially in non-Catholic countries of northern Europe, and particularly in Victorian England) remained in effect until well into the twentieth century (most notable are the public disparagement of Bernini by Francesco Milizia, Joshua Reynolds, and Jacob Burkhardt). Most of the popular eighteenth- and nineteenth-century tourist's guides to Rome all but ignore Bernini and his work, or treat it with disdain, as in the case of the best-selling Walks in Rome (22 editions between 1871 and 1925) by Augustus J.C. Hare, who describes the angels on the Ponte Sant'Angelo as 'Bernini's Breezy Maniacs.'But now in the twenty-first century, <mask> and his Baroque have now been enthusiastically restored to favor, both critical and popular. Since the anniversary year of his birth in 1998, there have been numerous Bernini exhibitions throughout the world, especially Europe and North America, on all aspects of his work, expanding our knowledge of his work and its influence. In the late twentieth century, <mask> was commemorated on the front of the Banca d'Italia 50,000 lire banknote in the 1980s and 90s (before Italy switched to the euro) with the back showing his equestrian statue of Constantine. Another outstanding sign of <mask>'s enduring reputation came in the decision by architect I.M. Pei to insert a faithful copy in lead of his King Louis XIV Equestrian statue as the sole ornamental element in his massive modernist redesign of the entrance plaza to the Louvre Museum, completed to great acclaim in 1989, and featuring the giant Louvre Pyramid in glass. In 2000 best-selling novelist, Dan Brown, made Bernini and several of his Roman works, the centerpiece of his political thriller, Angels & Demons, while British novelist Iain Pears made a missing Bernini bust the centerpiece of his best-selling murder mystery, The Bernini

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Richard "<mask>" "Riccardo" <mask> (1 October 1911 – 3 September 1988) was a Swiss ice hockey player and coach, and luge athlete. He played for HC Davos from 1929 to 1950, and served as captain of the Switzerland men's national ice hockey team from 1933 to 1939. He scored 105 goals in 111 international matches for the national team, won two bronze medals in ice hockey at the Olympic Games and won an additional four medals at the Ice Hockey World Championships. Playing for HC Davos, he won 18 Swiss championships and six Spengler Cups. He was chosen as the flag bearer for Switzerland at the 1948 Winter Olympics, and recited the Olympic Oath at the same games hosted in St. Moritz. He later served as head coach of the Switzerland and Italy men's national ice hockey teams, and led EHC Visp to a National League A championship. He won a silver medal competing in men's singles at the FIL World Luge Championships 1957 held in Davos, Switzerland.He is considered the best Swiss ice hockey player ever, and was inducted into the inaugural class of the IIHF Hall of Fame in 1997. He is the namesake of the Torriani Award, given by the International Ice Hockey Federation since 2015 to recognize a player for a great international playing career. Early life <mask> was born on 1 October 1911, in St. Moritz, Switzerland. He was nicknamed "<mask>" as a youth, due to being the youngest child and baby of his family. He played youth hockey in St. Moritz as a right winger, and was also known by the name "Riccardo". Playing career <mask>'s professional career began as a member of EHC St. Moritz during the 1927–28, and 1928–29 seasons. In his first season with St. Moritz, he won the 1927–28 Swiss National Ice Hockey Championship.<mask> was selected to play for the Switzerland men's national ice hockey team at age 16, since the 1928 Winter Olympics were hosted in St. Moritz and the national team did not incur extra expenses to include exceptional local talent. He scored one goal in four games played in ice hockey at the 1928 Winter Olympics, and won a bronze medal with the national team. His appearance in the Olympics made him the youngest person to compete at a senior Ice Hockey World Championship. <mask> joined HC Davos after his father died in 1929, and remained with the team until 1950. He made his Ice Hockey World Championships debut in 1930 with Switzerland, and scored one goal at the 1930 World Ice Hockey Championships, and won a bronze medal. Switzerland opted not to participate in ice hockey at the 1932 Winter Olympics. <mask> and the national team participated at the Ice Hockey European Championship 1932 instead, and Switzerland won the bronze.<mask> served as the Switzerland national team captain from 1933 to 1939. He played on a forward line known as "The ni-storm" (), with brothers Hans Cattini and Ferdinand Cattini. The line was named for the last syllable (-ni) of players' surnames. The ni-storm was regarded as the top line of HC Davos and Switzerland's national hockey team from 1933 to 1950. On this line, he scored five goals in six games at the 1933 Ice Hockey World Championships, 14 goals in seven games at the 1934 World Ice Hockey Championships, and eight goals in eight games at the 1935 Ice Hockey World Championships. <mask> led Switzerland to a silver medal at the 1935 championships, and a bronze medal at the 1939 Ice Hockey World Championships. He also competed in ice hockey at the 1936 Winter Olympics, playing in three games with no goals scored.<mask> also played with HC Davos in international ice hockey competitions. The hosted the annual Spengler Cup tournament, which he won six times, in 1933, 1936, 1938, 1941, 1942 and 1943. HC Davos placed third at the Winter Sports Week held in February 1941, in Garmisch-Partenkirchen. HC Davos and Torriani won the Grand Prix of Berlin in March 1941, which included other club teams from Europe. HC Davos defeated Berliner Schlittschuhclub and Rotweiss Berlin, and then defeated Hammarby Hockey by a 4–2 score in the championship game. In 1943, HC Davos participated in a Gebirgsjäger tournament, versus other players from Germany, Italy and Sweden. <mask> was chosen as the flag bearer for Switzerland at the 1948 Winter Olympics hosted in St. Moritz.He was also chosen to recite the Olympic Oath on behalf of all athletes participating, and became the first hockey player to do so at the Olympic Games. He then scored two goals, four assists, and six points in five games, and led Switzerland to the bronze medal in ice hockey at the 1948 Winter Olympics. <mask> retired from playing in 1950. During his career, he won 18 Swiss championships with HC Davos, and played 111 international matches for Switzerland's national team and scored 105 goals. His ni-storm line had played 239 international matches together and combined for 246 goals scored. Coaching career <mask> served as head coach of the Switzerland men's national ice hockey team in 1946–47, and again from 1948–49 to 1951–52. Under his leadership, the national team finished fourth in Group A at the 1947 Ice Hockey World Championships, fifth in Group A at the 1949 World Ice Hockey Championships, third in Group A at the 1950 World Ice Hockey Championships, third in Group A at the 1951 Ice Hockey World Championships, and fifth overall in ice hockey at the 1952 Winter Olympics in Oslo, Norway.From 1954–55 to 1955–56, <mask> coached the Italy men's national ice hockey team. He led to team to a first-place finish in Group B at the 1955 World Ice Hockey Championships, and a promotion to Group A. Cortina d'Ampezzo, Italy, hosted ice hockey at the 1956 Winter Olympics. Before the games, his team was strengthened by players of Italian descent who had trained in Canada. <mask> led Italy to a third-place finish and Group A, and seventh place overall by winning the consolation round. <mask> coached in the European professional leagues from 1957 to 1971. His first team was SC Riessersee during the 1957–58 season, which he led to an undefeated regular season and a first-place finish in the South group of the German Oberliga, and a second overall finish in the champions pool. He remained in Germany for the 1958–59 season, and coached Mannheimer ERC to a third-place finish in the Eishockey-Bundesliga.He moved to Italy in the 1959–60 season to coach Diavoli HC Milano. He led Diavoli to a first-place finish in the Italian Hockey League - Serie A during the regular season. <mask> returned to coaching in Switzerland in 1960, and led EHC Visp for five seasons in National League A until 1965. His first year coaching resulted in a second-place finish in the 1960–61 season. In the 1961–62 season, he led EHC Visp to a first-place finish in the standings, and captured the National League A championship. His team followed up the championship finishing second place in both the 1962–63 season and the 1963–64 season. In his fifth year coaching, EHC Visp dropped to seventh place in the 1964–65 season.After one year away from coaching, <mask> led HC Lugano during the 1966–67 season, finishing the season third place in the east group of National League B. He returned to HC Lugano for the 1969–70 season, and led the team to another third-place finish in the east group of National League B. <mask>'s final season coaching was with HC Davos in the 1970–71 season. He led the team to a second-place finish in the east group of National League B. Personal life <mask>'s older brother Conrad also played for EHC St. Moritz and the Switzerland men's national ice hockey team. The brothers were teammates at the Ice Hockey World Championships in 1930, 1933, 1934, and the 1932 Ice Hockey European Championship. Torriani won a silver medal competing in men's singles at the FIL World Luge Championships 1957 held in Davos, Switzerland. Two of <mask>'s sons were involved in Swiss hockey.<mask> played for EHC Basel and HC Davos, and Marco played for EHC Basel and SC Langnau Tigers, and later became president of Genève-Servette HC. As a manager, Marco helped Geneva earn a promotion from Swiss League 1 to National League A. <mask> died on 3 September 1988, in Chur, Switzerland at age 76. Honors and legacy Torriani is considered the best Swiss ice hockey player ever, and has been inducted into the HC Davos Hall of Fame. He was posthumously inducted into the inaugural class of the IIHF Hall of Fame in 1997 as a player, and was the first Swiss to be honored. He is the namesake of the Bibi Torriani Cup, an annual competition for players aged 14 representing various Cantons of Switzerland. The event is used to identify future players for the national team program. The International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF) established the Torriani Award in 2015, named after Torriani.When the new award was announced, the IIHF president René Fasel said; "We wanted to create a trophy which honours players for a great international career irrespective of where they played. Nowadays, with NHL players and international players often being the same, we feel that there are so many top players to honour. Still, we wanted to ensure we recognized players who didn't necessarily win Olympic and World Championship medals but who still had remarkable careers. As a result, we created the Torriani Award, and Lucio Topatigh is a very worthy first recipient". For the 100th anniversary of the Ice Hockey World Championships in 2020, <mask> was named to the IIHF All-time Switzerland team. See also List of Olympic men's ice hockey players for Switzerland Notes References External links The Ni-Storm photo gallery 1911 births 1988 deaths HC Davos players HC Lugano Ice hockey players at the 1928 Winter Olympics Ice hockey players at the 1936 Winter Olympics Ice hockey players at the 1948 Winter Olympics IIHF Hall of Fame inductees Italy men's national ice hockey team coaches Medalists at the 1928 Winter Olympics Medalists at the 1948 Winter Olympics Oath takers at the Olympic Games Olympic bronze medalists for Switzerland Olympic ice hockey players of Switzerland Olympic medalists in ice hockey People from Maloja District Serie A (ice hockey) coaches Swiss expatriate ice hockey people Swiss ice hockey coaches Swiss ice hockey right wingers Swiss male lugers Switzerland men's national ice hockey team coaches

Wilson Barrett

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<mask> (born <mask>; 18 February 1846 – 22 July 1904) was an English manager, actor, and playwright. With his company, <mask> is credited with attracting the largest crowds of English theatregoers ever because of his success with melodrama, an instance being his production of The Silver King (1882) at the Princess's Theatre of London. The historical tragedy The Sign of the Cross (1895) was <mask>'s most successful play, both in England and in the United States. Biography 1880s <mask> was born into a farming family in Essex. He is remembered as an actor of handsome appearance (despite his small stature) and with a powerful voice. He made his first appearance on the stage at Halifax in 1864, and then played in the provinces alone and with his wife, Caroline Heath, in East Lynne. They married in 1866, having two sons, Frank and Alfred, and three daughters, Ellen, Katherine and Dorothea (Dollie).<mask> capitalized on his early success as an actor to start a career as a producer. After managerial experience at the Grand Theatre Leeds and elsewhere, in 1879 he took over the management of the Old Court theatre, where in the following year he introduced Madame Helena Modjeska to London in an adaptation of Maria Stuart (by Schiller), together with productions of Adrienne Lecouvreur, La Dame aux camélias and other plays. In 1881, <mask> took over the recently refurbished Princess's Theatre, where his melodramatic productions enjoyed great success (if not quite as much as before), with attendance being the highest ever for this theatre. There <mask> presented The Lights o' London, and then The Silver King, regarded as the most successful melodrama of the 19th century in England. It debuted on 16 November 1882, with <mask> as Wilfred Denver. He played this part for three hundred nights without a break, and repeated its success in W. G. Wills's Claudian. In 1885 he and Henry Arthur Jones produced Hoodman Blind and in 1886 co-operated with Clement Scott in Sister Mary.In 1886 <mask> left the Princess's Theatre, and in this same year he made a visit to America, repeated in later years. In 1884 <mask> had appeared in Hamlet, only to promptly return to melodrama. He was not to find much success in any Shakespearian role, apart from Mercutio in Romeo and Juliet. Though <mask> had occasional seasons in London he acted chiefly in the provinces, with his company being one of the most successful of the decade, receiving a £2,000 average yearly profit just from the Grand Theatre Leeds. His brother and his nephew were part of the company, and his grandson would join them eventually. His productions were not immune to accident. His melodrama Romany Rye was scheduled to open at the Theatre Royal, Exeter on 5 September 1887.In the middle of the performance, gas lighting ignited some gauze, fire broke out backstage, and then the curtain collapsed. According to Jacob Adler, <mask> was the most famous actor on the London stage of the 1880s. 1890s: The Sign of the Cross By the 1890s, the London stage was already coming under new influences, and <mask>'s vogue in melodrama had waned, leaving him in financial difficulties. From 1894 he toured the United States, including the American and Knickerbocker theatres of Broadway. Still there in 1895, <mask> found fortune again with a production which would effectively become his most successful, the historical tragedy The Sign of the Cross—which was originally produced in the United States at the Grand Opera House, St. Louis, Missouri on 28 March 1895; in the United Kingdom, at the Grand Theatre, Leeds, on 26 August 1895; in London, at the Lyric Theatre, London on 4 January 1896; and in Australia, at Her Majesty's Theatre, Sydney on 8 May 1897—in which <mask> played Marcus Superbus, an old Roman patrician of the years of Nero, who falls in love with a young woman, Mercia (originally played by Maud Jeffries) and converts to Christianity for her, both sacrificing their lives in the arena to the lions. The plot in some ways strongly resembles the contemporary novel Quo Vadis, and it may have been an unofficial adaptation of it, though <mask> never acknowledged this. The theatre was crowded with audiences largely composed of people outside the ordinary circle of playgoers, shepherded by enthusiastic local clergymen.<mask> tried to repeat this success with more plays of a religious type, though not with equal effect, and several of his later attempts were failures. At the turn of the century he co-founded the company which became Waddingtons, originally as a theatre-focused printing firm. Death <mask> died in a nursing home in London on 22 July 1904. Thanks largely to the success of the Sign of the Cross, he left £57,000, even after periods of relative failure, mainly during his later years managing the Old Court Theatre. His grandson, also named <mask>, became an actor director with the Brandon-Thomas Company before starting his own repertory in 1939, the Wilson Barrett Company, which based itself in Edinburgh's Lyceum, Glasgow at the Alhambra Theatre Glasgow and for a time in Aberdeen. It also performed on television, at the Edinburgh International Festival and, by invitation, in South Africa. The company was retired in 1954.Archives <mask>'s descendants placed the majority of <mask>'s papers at the Harry Ransom Center at the University of Texas at Austin. Over thirty boxes of materials include manuscript works by <mask>, business and personal correspondence, extensive financial records and legal agreements, as well as photographs, playbills and programs relating to <mask>'s productions, and Barrett and Heath family papers. Additional <mask> materials at the Ransom Center include letters by <mask> located in the literary manuscript collections of Richard Le Gallienne, John Ruskin, William Winter, and Robert Lee Wolff. The B. J. Simmons Co. costume design records include the company's renderings for The Sign of the Cross. A marked script of <mask>'s The Manxman can be found in the Playscripts and Promptbooks Collection. The British Library, the Folger Shakespeare Library, and the University of Leeds Special Collections Library each have a substantial number of letters by <mask>. The Victoria & Albert Museum Theatre and Performance Archives holds designs by Edward William Godwin for <mask>'s productions of Juana, Claudian, Hamlet, Junius, and Clito.The papers of <mask> the younger (1900-1981), a grandson of <mask> who was also an actor-manager and toured with his own Wilson Barrett Company, are located in the Scottish Theatre Archive at the University of Glasgow. Works Theatre management Grand Theatre Leeds, 1878-1895 Old Court theatre, 1879 Princess's Theatre, 1881–1886 Olympic Theatre (London), 1890-1891. Playwright Sister Mary (1880s) Hoodman Blind (1885), with Henry Arthur Jones Good Old Times (1889), with Sir Hall Caine Ben-My-Chree (1889), an adaptation of The Deemster, with Sir Hall Caine Clito, with Sydney Grundy The Manxman Romany Rye The Sign of the Cross (1895) Lucky Durham Later adaptations In 1932, Cecil B. DeMille produced and directed a highly successful film version of The Sign of the Cross, starring Fredric March as centurion Marcus Superbus, Claudette Colbert as Poppea, Charles Laughton as Nero, and Elissa Landi as Mercia, the Christian woman with whom Marcus falls in love. Acting The Silver King (1882) Hamlet, Romeo and Juliet, Othello The Sign of the Cross (1895) Claudian, Ben-My-Chree, Virginius, The Manxman (1898) Notes References <mask>'s Arrival: Proposed New Productions: Story of a Famous Play, The Sydney Morning Herald, (Monday, 6 December 1897), pp.5-6. R.W.B., "Stage Prejudice Broken: <mask>'s 'Sign of the Cross'", The Age Literary Section, (Saturday, 24 January 1948), p.6. <mask>, W. The Sign of the Cross, J.B. Lippincott Company, (Philadelphia), 1896: Barrett's novelized version of his play. Barrett, W., The <mask> Barrett Birthday Book: Illustrated, W. & D. Downey, (London), 1899.Mr. <mask>'s Farewell to Melbourne (Souvenir Theatre Programme), Princess Theatre, Melbourne, 21 May 1898. Disher, M.W., "Sex and Salvation: The Sign Of The Cross", pp.115-124 in Disher, M.W., Melodrama: Plots that Thrilled, The Macmillan Company, (New York), 1954. Shaw, G.B., "Mainly About Shakespeare", The Saturday Review, Vol.83, No.2170, (29 May 1897), pp.603-605.. Thomas, J., "<mask>'s New School 'Othello'", The Library Chronicle of the University of Texas at Austin, New Series No.22, (1983), pp.66-87. Thomas, J.M., The Art of the Actor-Manager: <mask> and the Victorian Theatre, UMI Research Press, (Ann Arbor), 1984. External links <mask> Papers at the Harry Ransom Center Biography, at Encyclopedia.com Picture collection, at the National Portrait Gallery English male stage actors Actor-managers 1846 births 1904 deaths 19th-century English male actors 19th-century theatre managers

Esther Brandeau

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<mask> (flor. in Canada 1738–39) is notable in the history of the Jews in Canada as the first Jew to set foot in the country, travelling from France to New France. She was born around 1718, probably at Saint-Esprit-lès-Bayonne (near Bayonne), in the diocese of Dax. Jews in France were subject to waves of expulsion, and women's lives were limited by gender roles, which some tried to evade by cross-dressing. <mask> reinvented herself as Jacques La Fargue, a Roman Catholic boy, and became a sailor on the St-Michel, a ship bound from Bordeaux for the Port of Quebec. At that time, Canada was the only colony of the New World never reported to have been visited by a Jew. After a brief masquerade, <mask>'s religion and sex were both discovered.As a non-Catholic in a legally Catholic country, she was arrested on the orders of Gilles Hocquart, Intendant of New France, and taken to the Hôpital Général in Quebec City. Hocquart was initially under the impression that <mask> wished to convert to Catholicism and remain in the colony. However, later he wrote to the minister in France that conversion attempts had failed: she desired to live in Canada as a Jew. The government decided on deportation, and after correspondence with authorities in France, she was sent back home on a ship named Comte de Matignon at the expense of the State. After <mask>'s deportation to France, nothing more is known about her life. Historical background Jews in 18th century Europe and European colonies Historically, anti-Semitism was widespread in Christian Europe and European colonies, with many Jews displaced as a result. In the centuries leading up to the 1700s, European Christians widely associated Jews with unfair economic practices such as usury.Medieval prejudices against Jews, such as poisoning water wells to cause the Black Death, persisted in this era as well. Jews were also a popular subject in literature despite making up less than one percent of the French population, although they were often depicted negatively in these works. While Jews had reached the Americas centuries before <mask>, New France was one of the last places that Jews ever set foot in the Americas chronologically as the colony of New France was officially closed to all non-Catholics. In 1492, the year that the Spanish monarchy expelled Jews from its lands, several Jews joined Christopher Columbus's voyage across the Atlantic Ocean. One Jew among this party, Louis de Torres, has been identified as the first white man to walk upon the New World. By the 17th century, several Jews had become sailors, bearing similarity to <mask>'s early life. In 1624 the first “openly Jewish” settlement, located in Brazil, was established in the Americas.In contrast to New France, the English colonies provided a relatively tolerant environment for Jews as early as the 17th century, partially due to the English acquisition of New Netherland where English ruled that Jews would continue to keep the rights that they enjoyed under Dutch rule. Many Jews in the English colonies established themselves as successful military commanders, merchants, or public servants. In 1733, just a few years before <mask>'s secret arrival in New France, a group of openly Jewish settlers had already helped to establish the English colony of Georgia. Women in New France While women had more options for non-domestic activities in New France than in France due to the gender disparity that existed in the colony, a wife was still subject to her husband's wishes. A woman in New France could be expected to be married in her mid-teens (much younger than the average marriage age in France) to a man over a decade older, and the only grounds for separation was that of financial matters. Cases of domestic abuse in New France have been recorded. From a religious perspective, gender roles persisted as men were expected to play a more active religious while women were more revered for their sexual purity.With respect to <mask>'s situation, she was sent to a hospital rather than a jail due to the lack of prison facilities for women in New France. Legacy Literature <mask>'s story has inspired novelists, scholars, scriptwriters, and performance artists to create different pieces about her life. Canadian journalist and historian Benjamin G. Sack featured a historical essay about <mask> in History of the Jews in Canada translated in 1965. B.G. Sack would later be a credible source for <mask>'s story and serve as the main reference for her Dictionary of Canadian Biography which lays the foundation of what is known about <mask>'s life. There are two novels about her: <mask> (2004) by Sharon E. McKay and The Tale-Teller (2012) by Susan Glickman." The Tale-Teller takes readers through <mask>'s life as Jacques La Fargue and the obstacles <mask> faced because of her race and gender.Susan Glickman focuses on the way <mask> breaks the gender, race, and socio-economic status barriers. In Sharon E. McKay's Esther (2004), McKay sets the scene of life in 18th century Europe but specifically focuses one the lives of Jews and women. The fiction novel explains the law restrictions Jews faced and how numerous Jews were either forced to convert to Roman Catholicism or converted to escape persecution. Jewish women in Canada lived a constrained life and were expected to take on the traditional roles according to society. <mask>'s story provides a different perspective apart from the societal restrictions Jews and women faced. Performance art Heather Hermant is a poet-scholar who works with video, installation, theatre, and analyzes the crossover between land, body, and archive. Hermant created a piece known as ribcage: this wide passage, based upon the first Jew to step foot into New France.When Heather was assigned to research an ancestor for a performance class, she explored Jewish-Canadian history which led to her discovery of <mask>'s story. Ribcage: this wide passage highlights <mask>'s experience multi-crossing from a Jewish female passing as a Christian male in the 18th century. The predominant theme of the performance is "multi-crossing" which suggests one who passes across gender, religion, geographies, some of what <mask> experienced on her journey to New France. Ribcage: this wide passage not only explores history and the unknown, but also is centered around finding a place of belonging. Hermant's Brandeau inspired work would be presented at Vancouver's 2010 Tremor's Festival, Le MAI in Montreal, and later be converted into a French version as well. See also History of the Jews in Canada References External links Biography at the Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online Canadian people of French-Jewish descent French emigrants to pre-Confederation Quebec 18th-century French Sephardi Jews Immigrants to New France Jewish Canadian history People of New France Settlers of Canada Year of birth unknown Year of death unknown

Jonathan Dayton

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<mask> (October 16, 1760October 9, 1824) was an American Founding Father and politician from the U.S. state of New Jersey. He was the youngest person to sign the Constitution of the United States and a member of the United States House of Representatives, serving as its third speaker, and later in the U.S. Senate. <mask> was arrested in 1807 for treason in connection with Aaron Burr's conspiracy. He was never tried, but his national political career never recovered. Biography Early life <mask> was born in Elizabethtown (now known as Elizabeth), New Jersey. He was the son of <mask>, a merchant who was prominent in local politics and had served as a militia officer in the French and Indian War, and his wife the former Hannah Rolfe. He graduated from the local academy, run by Tapping Reeve and Francis Barber, where he was classmates with Alexander Hamilton.He then attended the College of New Jersey (now known as Princeton University). He left college in 1775 to fight in the American Revolutionary War and received an honorary degree in 1776. Soldier <mask> was 15 at the outbreak of the war in 1775 and served under his father in the 3rd New Jersey Regiment as an ensign. On January 1, 1777, he was commissioned a lieutenant and served as paymaster. He saw service under General George Washington, fighting in the battles of Brandywine Creek and Germantown. He remained with Washington at Valley Forge and helped push the British from their position in New Jersey into the safety of New York City. In October 1780, <mask> and an uncle were captured by Loyalists, who held them captive for the winter before releasing them in the following year.<mask> again served under his father in the New Jersey Brigade. On March 30, 1780, at age 19, he was promoted to the rank of captain and transferred to the 2nd New Jersey Regiment, where he took part in the Battle of Yorktown. The Revolutionary War pension records indicate that he served as aide-de-camp to General John Sullivan on his expedition against the Indians from May 1 to November 30, 1779. At the close of the Revolutionary War, <mask> was admitted as an original member of The Society of the Cincinnati in the state of New Jersey. On July 19, 1799, <mask> was offered a commission as major general in the Provisional United States Army, but he declined. Career After the war, <mask> studied law and created a practice, dividing his time between land speculation, law, and politics. After serving as a New Jersey delegate to the Continental Congress and Constitutional Convention (of which he was the youngest member, at age 26), he became a prominent Federalist legislator.He was a member of the New Jersey General Assembly in 1786–1787, and again in 1790, and served in the New Jersey Legislative Council (now the New Jersey Senate) in 1789. <mask> was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives in 1789, but he did not take his seat until he was chosen again in 1791. He served as speaker for the Fourth and Fifth Congresses. Like most Federalists, he supported the fiscal policies of Alexander Hamilton, and he helped organize the suppression of the Whiskey Rebellion. He supported the Louisiana Purchase and opposed the repeal of the Judiciary Act of 1801. Wealthy from his heavy investments in Ohio, where the city of Dayton would later be named after him, Dayton lent money to Aaron Burr, becoming involved by association in the alleged conspiracy in which Burr was accused of intending to conquer parts of what is now the Southwestern United States. Dayton was exonerated, but his association with Burr effectively ended his political career.Late life and family <mask> married Susan Williamson in 1779 and had two daughters. After resuming his political career in New Jersey, <mask> died on October 9, 1824, in his hometown. He was interred in an unmarked grave that is now under the St. John's Episcopal Church in Elizabeth, which replaced an original church in 1860. Shortly before Dayton's death, Lafayette visited him, as reported in an obituary in the Columbian Centinel on October 20, 1824: "In New-Jersey, Hon. JONATHAN DAYTON, formerly Speaker of the House of Representatives of Congress, and a Hero of the Revolution. When the Nation's Guest lately passed New-Jersey, he passed the night with General <mask>, and such were the exertions of this aged and distinguished federalist, to honor the Guest, and gratify the wishes of his fellow citizens to see, that he sunk under them; and expired, without regret, a few days after." Legacy The city of Dayton, Ohio, was named after him.While he never visited the area, he was a signatory to the Constitution and, at the time the city of Dayton was established in 1796, he owned (in partnership with Arthur St. Clair, James Wilkinson and Israel Ludlow) 250,000 acres (1,011 km²) in the Great Miami River basin. The Jonathan Dayton High School in Springfield Township, Union County, New Jersey, the Dayton neighborhood of Newark, New Jersey, Dayton Street in Madison, Wisconsin, and Dayton, New Jersey, are named in his honor. References External links <mask> at The Political Graveyard The Society of the Cincinnati American Revolution Institute 1760 births 1824 deaths American Revolutionary War prisoners of war held by Great Britain Continental Army officers from New Jersey Continental Congressmen from New Jersey 18th-century American politicians Speakers of the United States House of Representatives Signers of the United States Constitution Princeton University alumni Politicians from Elizabeth, New Jersey Members of the New Jersey General Assembly Speakers of the New Jersey General Assembly Members of the United States House of Representatives from New Jersey Members of the New Jersey Legislative Council United States senators from New Jersey New Jersey Federalists Federalist Party United States senators American Episcopalians History of Dayton, Ohio Federalist Party members of the United States House of Representatives People of colonial New Jersey Burials in New Jersey

Craig Noone

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<mask> (born 17 November 1987) is an English professional footballer who plays as a winger for A-League club Macarthur FC. He has also played professional football for Plymouth Argyle, Exeter City, Brighton & Hove Albion, Cardiff City, Bolton Wanderers and Melbourne City. Early life <mask> was born in Kirkby. He joined Liverpool when he was nine years old and was released 7 years later. He then played junior and amateur football before signing with Wrexham when he was 15. Having been released after a year there, <mask> played non-league football and went to Myerscough football college for six months. He trained as a roofer while a non-league player and in 2008 worked on an extension at Liverpool captain Steven Gerrard's house.Playing career Non-League football He joined Skelmersdale United as a youth team player and made his first team debut during the 2005–06 season. Noone had a trial with Belgian club Royal Antwerp in January 2007 and later that year joined Burscough, which Skelmersdale manager Tommy Lawson described as a "great opportunity" for him. Having been signed by Liam Watson, Noone played regularly in the Conference North in 2007–08. Watson left Burscough for Southport in June 2008 and Noone joined him a few days later. In August, he made his league debut before Southport received a club record offer of £110,000 for him from Plymouth Argyle. Plymouth Argyle Noone signed a two-year contract with Argyle the next day. "I am very excited by this signing," said manager Paul Sturrock."<mask> comes to us with a glowing reputation. It is now up to him to prove that it is merited." He made his debut at the end of the month in a 0–0 draw at Burnley, and scored his first goal for the club in a 1–0 win at Coventry City in November. After 10 substitute appearances for Plymouth, <mask> made his first start for the club in the league match versus Southampton on Boxing Day 2008, where his team won 2–0. On 3 January 2009, <mask> made his FA Cup debut coming off the bench during a 3–1 loss to Arsenal at the Emirates Stadium. On 10 September 2009, after <mask> had only made two league substitute appearances so far in the 2009/10 season, Exeter City signed him on a 3-month loan deal. He made his debut against Leyton Orient and scored the equaliser in a 1–1 draw.<mask> scored in his final appearance for Exeter against Brentford before being recalled on 2 November. Brighton & Hove Albion On 31 December 2010 it was confirmed that <mask> had transferred to Brighton & Hove Albion for an undisclosed fee. He became a fan favourite at Brighton with his pace and his unerring ability to beat the defender. He scored twice for Brighton in their League One title season, a great individual goal at home against Colchester United and a volley at home against Hartlepool United. He was part of Brighton's first match of pre-season in preparation for the 2011–2012 season against Burgess Hill. He played 45 minutes and impressed, having a long range effort well saved and he earned a penalty which he subsequently scored to make it 2–0. On 21 September 2011, <mask> was announced as the stadium sponsor's man of the match in a 1–2 defeat against his former employers and boyhood club, Liverpool, in a third round League Cup match at Falmer Stadium.The Liverpool-born player hit the crossbar from a long-range shot during the game and was praised by his boyhood hero Steven Gerrard. In January 2012, <mask> was subject to a £500,000 bid from Championship rivals Cardiff City, which was rejected by Albion. <mask> extended his contract at Brighton in March 2012, keeping him at the club until June 2015. Cardiff City In August 2012, <mask> joined Cardiff City for an undisclosed fee, reported to be £1m, and signed a four-year contract. He made his debut in a 3–1 win against Wolverhampton Wanderers at the start of September, and scored his first goal for the club later in the month as Cardiff won 2–0 at Millwall. Two months after joining the club, <mask> scored in three consecutive games; a win against Burnley in October, and defeats at Bolton Wanderers and Charlton Athletic in November. He was sent off for two bookable offences against Derby County later that month.<mask>'s goal against Bolton in April ensured that Cardiff avoided defeat in their final home game of the season, which was followed by the club being presented with the Football League title for winning the Championship. <mask> made 32 appearances in his first season with Cardiff and scored seven goals. <mask> scored his first Premier League goal in January 2014 against Manchester City and was praised for his performance by Cardiff manager Ole Gunnar Solskjær. Cardiff however suffered relegation at the end of the season and returned to the Championship, where he only managed to find one goal in 39 appearances. The following season, <mask> started off brightly, coming on to score the equaliser against Fulham and scoring the winner against AFC Wimbledon. However, he didn't manage to find another goal until December where he scored against Sheffield Wednesday in a 2–2 draw, before scoring against Milton Keynes Dons. Bolton Wanderers On 31 August 2017, <mask> joined Bolton Wanderers on a two-year contract.Melbourne City On 17 June 2019, Noone signed a two-year contract with Melbourne City in the A-League. He scored his first goal on debut against Campbelltown City in the Round of 32 in the 2019 FFA Cup. Career statistics Honours Brighton & Hove Albion Football League One: 2010–11 Cardiff City Football League Championship: 2012–13 Melbourne City A-League Premiership: 2020–21 A-League Championship: 2021 Individual 2020-21 A-League PFA Team Of The Season References External links 1987 births People from Kirkby Living people English footballers Association football midfielders Skelmersdale United F.C. players Burscough F.C. players Southport F.C. players Plymouth Argyle F.C. players Exeter City F.C.players Brighton & Hove Albion F.C. players Cardiff City F.C. players Bolton Wanderers F.C. players Melbourne City FC players Northern Premier League players National League (English football) players English Football League players Premier League players

Stanisław Sosabowski

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<mask> CBE (; 8 May 1892 – 25 September 1967) was a Polish general in World War II. He fought in the Polish Campaign of 1939 and at the Battle of Arnhem (Netherlands) in 1944 as commander of the Polish 1st Independent Parachute Brigade. Early military career Early years and studies <mask> was born on 8 May 1892, in Stanislau (Polish: Stanisławów), in a railway workers' family. He graduated from a local gymnasium and in 1910 he was accepted as a student of the faculty of economy of the Jagiellonian University in Kraków. However, the death of his father and the poor financial situation of his family forced him to abandon his studies and return to Stanislau. There he became a member of Drużyny Strzeleckie, a semi-clandestine Polish national paramilitary organisation. He was soon promoted to the head of all Polish Scouting groups in the area.World War I In 1913, <mask> was drafted into the Austro-Hungarian Army. After training, he was promoted to the rank of corporal, serving in the 58th Infantry Regiment. After the outbreak of World War I he fought with his unit against the Imperial Russian Army in the battles of Rzeszów, Dukla Pass and Gorlice. For his bravery, he was awarded several medals and promoted to First Lieutenant. In 1915, he was badly wounded in action and withdrawn from the front. In November 1918, after Poland regained its independence <mask> volunteered for the newly formed Polish Army, but his wounds were still not healed and he was rejected as a front-line officer. Instead, he became a staff officer in the Ministry of War Affairs in Warsaw.Interwar period After the Polish-Soviet War <mask> was promoted to Major and in 1922 he started his studies at the Higher Military School in Warsaw. After he finished his studies he was assigned to the Polish General Staff. Promoted to Lieutenant Colonel, in 1928 he was finally assigned to a front-line unit, the 75th Infantry Regiment, as commanding officer of a battalion. The following year he was assigned to the 3rd Podhale Rifles Regiment as its deputy commander. From 1930 he was also a professor of logistics at his alma mater. In 1937 <mask> was promoted to colonel and became the commanding officer of the 9th Polish Legions Infantry Regiment stationed in Zamość. In January 1939 he became the commander of the prestigious Warsaw-based 21st "Children of Warsaw" Infantry Regiment.Invasion of Poland 1939 According to the Polish mobilisation scheme, <mask>'s regiment was attached to the 8th Infantry Division under Col. . Shortly before the German invasion of Poland started his unit was moved from its garrison in the Warsaw Citadel to the area of Ciechanów, where it was planned as a strategic reserve of the Modlin Army. On 2 September the division was moved towards Mława and in the early morning of the following day it entered combat in the Battle of Mława. Although the 21st Regiment managed to capture Przasnysz and its secondary objectives, the rest of the division was surrounded by the Wehrmacht and destroyed. After that <mask> ordered his troops to retreat towards Warsaw. On 8 September <mask>'s unit reached the Modlin Fortress. The routed 8th Division was being reconstructed, but the 21st Regiment was attached to the corps led by general Juliusz Zulauf.After several days of defensive fights, the corps was moved to Warsaw, where it arrived on 15 September. Instantly upon arrival, <mask> was ordered to man the Grochów and the Kamionek defensive area and defend Praga, the eastern borough of Warsaw, against the German 10th Infantry Division. During the Siege of Warsaw the forces of <mask> were outmanned and outgunned, but managed to hold all their objectives. When the general assault on Praga started on 16 September, the 21st Infantry Regiment managed to repel the attacks of German 23rd Infantry Regiment and then successfully counter-attacked and destroyed the enemy unit. After this success, <mask> was assigned to command all Polish troops fighting in the area of Grochów. Despite constant bombardment and German attacks repeated every day, Sosabowski managed to hold his objectives at relatively low cost in manpower. On 26 September 1939, the forces led by Sosabowski bloodily repelled the last German attack, but two days later Warsaw capitulated.On 29 September, shortly before the Polish forces left Warsaw for German captivity, General Juliusz Rómmel awarded Col. Sosabowski and the whole 21st Infantry Regiment with the Virtuti Militari medal. France Following the Polish surrender, <mask> was made a prisoner of war and interned at a camp near Żyrardów. However, he escaped and remained in Warsaw under a false name, where he joined the Polish resistance. He was ordered to leave Poland and reached France to report on the situation in occupied Poland. After a long trip through Hungary and Romania, he arrived in Paris, where the Polish government in exile assigned him to the Polish 4th Infantry Division as the commanding officer of infantry. Initially, the French authorities were very reluctant to hand over the badly needed equipment and armament for the Polish unit. Sosabowski's soldiers had to train with pre-World War I weapons.In April 1940, the division was moved to a training camp in Parthenay and was finally handed the weapons awaited since January, but it was already too late to organise the division. Out of more than 11,000 soldiers, only 3,150 were given arms. Knowing this, the commander of the division General ordered his unit to withdraw towards the Atlantic coast. On 19 June 1940, <mask> with approximately 6,000 Polish soldiers arrived at La Pallice, whence they were evacuated to Great Britain. Great Britain Upon his arrival in London, <mask> turned up at the Polish General Staff and was assigned to 4th Rifles Brigade that was to become a core of the future 4th Infantry Division. The unit was to be composed mainly of Polish Canadians, but it soon became apparent that there were not enough young Poles in Canada from which to create a division. Then, <mask> decided to transform his brigade into a Parachute Brigade, the first such unit in the Polish Army.The volunteers came from all the formations of the Polish Army. In Largo House in Fife, a training camp was built and the parachute training was started. <mask> himself passed the training and, at 49 years of age, made his first parachute jump. According to relations of <mask>'s former subordinates, the colonel was a strict yet just commander. Impulsive and harsh, Sosabowski could not stand any opposition. This made the creation of a Polish parachute brigade possible, but also made contacts with his superiors problematic. In October 1942 the Brigade was ready for combat and was named the 1st Independent Parachute Brigade.Since the Polish General Staff planned to use the Brigade to assist a national uprising in Poland, the soldiers of the 1st Polish Para were to be the first element of the Polish Army in Exile to reach their homeland. Hence the unofficial motto of the unit: the shortest way (najkrótszą drogą). In September 1943, Lieutenant-General Frederick Browning proposed that <mask> reform his unit into a division and fill the remaining posts with British troops. <mask> himself would be assigned to the newly formed division and promoted to general. However, Sosabowski refused. Nevertheless, on 15 June 1944 he was promoted to Brigadier General. Warsaw Uprising In early August 1944, news of the Warsaw Uprising arrived in Great Britain.The Brigade was ready to be dropped by parachute into Warsaw to aid their comrades from the underground Polish Home Army, who were fighting a desperate battle against overwhelming odds. However, the distance was too great for the transport aircraft to make a round trip and access to Soviet airfields was denied. The morale of the Polish troops suffered badly and many of the units verged on mutiny. The British staff threatened its Polish counterpart with disarmament of the Brigade, but <mask> retained control of his unit. Finally, Polish Commander in Chief Kazimierz Sosnkowski put the Brigade under British command, and the plan to send it to Warsaw was abandoned. It was not until after the war that General <mask> learnt that his son, , a medic and member of the Kedyw, had lost his sight during the uprising. Battle of Arnhem During the planning for Operation Market Garden, <mask> expressed serious concerns regarding the feasibility of the mission.Among <mask>'s concerns were the poorly conceived drop zones at Arnhem, the long distances between the landing zones and Arnhem Bridge and that the area would contain a greater German presence than British intelligence believed. Despite <mask>'s concerns and warnings from the Dutch Resistance that two SS Panzer Divisions were in the operations area, Market Garden proceeded as planned. The Polish 1st Independent Parachute Brigade was among the Allied forces taking part in Market Garden. Due to a shortage of transport aircraft, the brigade was split into several parts before being dropped into the battle. A small part of the brigade with <mask> was parachuted near Driel on 19 September, but the rest of the brigade arrived only on 21 September at the distant town of Grave, falling directly on the waiting guns of the Germans camped in the area. The brigade's artillery was dropped with the British 1st Airborne Division, commanded by Major-General Roy Urquhart, while the howitzers were to arrive by sea, which prevented the brigade from being deployed effectively. Three times Sosabowski attempted to cross the Rhine to come to the assistance of the surrounded 1st Airborne Division.Unfortunately, the ferry they hoped to use had been sunk and the Poles attempting to cross the river in small rubber boats came under heavy fire. Even so, at least 200 men made it across the river and reinforced the embattled British paratroopers. Despite the difficult situation, at a staff meeting on 24 September, <mask> suggested that the battle could still be won. He proposed that the combined forces of XXX Corps, under Lieutenant-General Brian Horrocks, and the 1st Polish Parachute Brigade should start an all-out assault on the German positions and try to break through the Rhine. This plan was not accepted, and during the last phase of the battle, on 25 and 26 September, <mask> led his men southwards, shielding the retreat of the remnants of the 1st Airborne Division. Casualties among the Polish units were high, approaching 40%, and were at least in part, the result of Lieutenant-General Browning's decision to drop the paratroops 7 kilometres from the bridge at Arnhem. After the battle, on 5 October 1944, <mask> received a letter from Field Marshal Bernard Montgomery, commander of the Anglo-Canadian 21st Army Group, describing the Polish soldiers as having fought bravely and offering awards to ten of his soldiers.However, on 14 October 1944, Montgomery wrote another letter, this time to the British commanders, in which he scapegoated <mask> for the failure of Market Garden. <mask> was accused of criticizing Montgomery, and the Polish General Staff was forced to remove him as the commanding officer of his brigade on 27 December 1944. At the Moscow Conference in October 1944, a turning point came in Anglo-Polish relations. On Prime Minister Churchill's request, the Polish delegation arrived in Moscow on 12 October 1944. Upon arrival, Churchill told them to be present at the discussions between himself, Joseph Stalin and the Communist Polish Lublin Committee. Consequently, Churchill coerced Polish Prime Minister <mask> Mikołajczyk into cooperating with Stalin's disciples, or else risk losing Britain's support for the remainder of the war. From the British perspective, any news that could be beneficial to their coercion tactics would be welcome.The information came on 16 October in a telegram to Field Marshal Sir Alan Brooke, the Chief of the Imperial General Staff, who was present in Moscow as Churchill's military advisor. The message stated that <mask>'s brigade performed badly. Churchill could use this claim to put more pressure on Mikołajczyk to cooperate, because it could be argued that one of his most valuable assets, <mask>'s elite brigade, was no longer useful to the Allied war effort. Montgomery's telegram is exceptional to his behavior in that timeframe. Two days prior to the telegram he was praising the Polish contribution to the war, while six weeks later he awarded a Distinguished Service Order to General <mask> Maczek and decorated members of the Polish 1st Armoured Division. In addition, war correspondents spoke highly of the Polish contribution to Market Garden in the same period as Montgomery was expressing his negative experiences, via Field Marshal Brooke, to Prime Minister Churchill. <mask> was eventually made the commander of rearguard troops and was demobilized in July 1948.He was portrayed by Gene Hackman in the 1977 war film A Bridge Too Far. After the war Shortly after the war <mask> succeeded in evacuating his wife and only son from Poland. Like many other Polish wartime officers and soldiers who were unable to return to Communist Poland he settled in West London. He found a job as a factory worker at the CAV Electrics assembly plant in Acton. He died in London on 25 September 1967. It has been suggested that until his funeral at which his rank and achievements were read out, many of his friends and workmates in England were largely unaware of his military accomplishments. In 1969, <mask>'s remains were returned to Poland, where he was reinterred at Powązki Military Cemetery in Warsaw.In The Hague, on 31 May 2006, Queen Beatrix of the Netherlands awarded the Military Order of William to the 1st Independent Polish Parachute Brigade. The brigade's commander, <mask>, was posthumously awarded the "Bronze Lion". In part this was the result of a Dutch TV documentary depicting the brigade as having played a far more significant role in Market Garden than had been hitherto acknowledged. In this film by Geertjan Lassche, Prince Bernhard of the Netherlands said the Poles deserved to be honoured with at least a medal. The following day, on 1 June, a ceremony was held at Driel, the town where the Polish 1st Independent Parachute Brigade fought. Among the speakers at the ceremony were the mayor of Overbetuwe, as well as <mask>'s grandson and great-grandson. In the summer of 2012 1st Airborne Major Tony Hibbert made a video appeal for <mask> to be pardoned and honoured.His bust was unveiled on 1 September 2013 in Kraków's Jordan Park. Sosabowski is one of many Polish historical figures honoured in the Park. Awards He was awarded many military honours, including: Knight's Cross of the Virtuti Militari Commander's Cross with Star of the Order of Polonia Restituta (posthumously, 1988) Cross of Independence Polish Cross of Valour Gold Cross of Merit with Swords Honorary Commander of the Order of the British Empire Bronze Lion Award for Bravery (Netherlands, posthumously, 2006) See also Polish contribution to World War II Polish Armed Forces in the West Cichociemni Stanisław Maczek Western betrayal Władysław Sikorski Footnotes References Honor Generała – documentary TV POLONIA 2008, directed by Joanna Pieciukiewicz External links History of the family Sosabowski A Biography Market Garden 1944—Major Tony Hibbert’s call to honour Polish General Sosabowski Ten-minute video interview, June 2012. Major Hibbert, veteran of the Battle of Arnhem, states that, after the battle, General Sosabowski was "dismissed, and he lost also his rank in the army and his pension." Major Hibbert calls for the dismissal to be rescinded. YouTube.com Sosabowski's wider role in the Anglo-Polish relations versus Soviet Union 1892 births 1967 deaths People from Ivano-Frankivsk Burials at Powązki Military Cemetery Polish Austro-Hungarians Polish generals Polish Rifle Squads members Polish military personnel of World War II Polish emigrants to the United Kingdom Jagiellonian University alumni Knights of the Virtuti Militari Commanders with Star of the Order of Polonia Restituta Recipients of the Cross of Independence Recipients of the Cross of Valour (Poland) Recipients of the Cross of Merit with Swords (Poland) Honorary Commanders of the Order of the British Empire Recipients of the Bronze Lion

Ivan Teodorovich

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<mask> (; ) (September 10 (O. S. August 29), 1875 in Smolensk – September 20, 1937), was a Russian Bolshevik activist and Soviet statesman, served as the first Commissar for Food at the establishment of the Council of People's Commissars (October - November 1917). He also became a Soviet historian of the Russian revolutionary movement. Life and political career <mask>, the son of a land-surveyor from Smolensk, was born into a family of ethnic Polish origin. His father, two maternal uncles, and grandfather had all participated in insurrectionary activity; from this background, Teodorovich would write, he first learned to hate "tsarism, its officials, and [the] military establishment". Teodorovich spent his childhood in severe poverty: his mother, struggling to support six sons, worked as a seamstress and laundrywoman. <mask> attended Moscow State University, where he joined an early Marxist group in 1895. From 1902 to 1903 he served as a member of the Moscow Committee of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party.After a series of arrests, in 1903 the tsarist authorities sent <mask> into exile in Yakutia. Escaping in 1905, he fled to Switzerland, where he made personal contact with Vladimir Lenin. In October 1905 <mask> returned to Russia and operated in Saint Petersburg; he gained promotion to become a member of the Central Committee in 1907. In May 1909 he was arrested again and remained in custody until the February Revolution of 1917. After the February Revolution of March 1917 he left his place of exile and arrived in Petrograd in mid-March. He was a delegate to the 7th (April) All-Russian Conference (where he was elected a candidate member of the Central Committee) and to the 6th Congress of the RSDLP (B). From August 1917 he served as deputy chairman of the , then as a member of the council and special presence in food.After the October Revolution of November 1917, in the first Council of People's Commissars of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (SNK) he took the post of People's Commissar for Food. Immediately after the October Revolution, <mask> became the first Commissar for Agriculture in the first Bolshevik government. In November he resigned due to political disagreement with Lenin's majority over a proposed coalition with the Mensheviks and other factions (Teodorovich supported a broad coalition, against Lenin's will). In 1920 he returned to the board of the Commissariat for Agriculture and rose to become Deputy Commissar in May 1922; in 1928-1930 he chaired the Peasants' branch of the Comintern. As the Bolsheviks' expert on agriculture, Teodorovich delivered speeches to various councils and international forums, and authored brochures, journal and newspaper articles dealing with agriculture and agrarian policy. <mask> was a proponent of Lenin’s New Economic Policy (the NEP); he further endorsed liberal land-reforms (delegating authority over land from the state to peasants). Contrary to the Bolsheviks' platform on agrarian policy, <mask> vehemently opposed the policy of food requisition and war communism.He supported the formation of a homogeneous socialist government with the participation of the Mensheviks and Socialist Revolutionaries. After The Central Committee of the RSDLP (B) rejected the agreement with these parties, Teodorovich on November 4 (17), 1917 signed a statement of withdrawal from the SNK, but continued to carry out his duties until December. "(T)he disagreement concerned the question of whether our party had to start with "war communism" or whether it was possible to proceed from what was called the "new economic policy" in 1921. I held in 1917 the latter opinion .." - <mask>vich Autobiography In articles of the 1920s, Teodorovich interpreted the NEP as a means of accumulating funds in the capitalist agrarian sector through the development of "strong" peasant farms, which was to serve as a source of funds for industrialization, including its transition to socialism. In the People's Commissariat Teodorovich supervised the work of economist N. D. Kondratiev, who led the department of agricultural economics and statistics of the Department of Agriculture and provided <mask> with a degree of protection and patronage (in particular, Kondratiev contributed in 1920 to his release from arrest). At the beginning of 1918 <mask> left for Siberia after parting ways with Lenin's first government. In 1919-1920 he was in the red partisan units in Siberia.In 1920-1928 <mask> served as a member of the College of the People's Commissariat of Agriculture of the RSFSR. From May 1922 to 1928 he was deputy of the People's Commissar of Agriculture of the RSFSR, 1926-1930 Director of the International Agrarian Institute, from March 1928 to 1930 secretary general of the Peasant International (Krestintern), 1929-1935 editor of the Publishers of the Society of Former Political Prisoners and Exiled Settlers, 1929- 1935 editor of the magazine . An ordinance of the Central Committee of the VKP (b) of the Society of Former Political Prisoners and Exiled Settlers closed the magazine on June 25, 1935 for factional activities. In November 1930 <mask> was condemned as a counter-revolutionary "Kondratievist". <mask> was convicted in the trial of the so-called Moskva Center group (involving a total of 120 people). Joseph Stalin and Vyacheslav Molotov sanctioned the trial on September 15, 1937. <mask> was executed five days later - a victim of Stalin's Great Purge.<mask> was posthumously rehabilitated on April 11, 1956, and is buried in the Don Cemetery in Moscow. Works О государственном регулировании крестьянского хозяйства. М., 1921 Судьбы русского крестьянства, М., 1923, 1924, 1925 К вопросу о сельскохозяйственной политике в РСФСР, М., 1923 Уроки союза рабочих и крестьян в СССР. Доклад на 2-м съезде Международного крестьянского совета, М., 1925 Восемь лет нашей крестьянской политике. М., 1926 Вопросы индустриализации и сельское хозяйство. Свердловск, 1927 Историческое значение партии «Народной воли», М., изд. Политикаторжан, 1930 О Горьком и Чехове, М.—Л., ГИЗ, 1930 «1 марта 1881 г.», М., 1931 Family Wife - Okulova-Teodorovich, Glafira Ivanovna (23.4 (6.5) .1878–19.10.1957) - Soviet politician and party leader.Son - <mask> <mask> (1907-1964) - an artist and writer References == External link == http://www.knowbysight.info/TTT/00395.asp 1875 births 1937 deaths Comintern people Party leaders of the Soviet Union Great Purge victims from Russia Old Bolsheviks People from Smolensk Russian Social Democratic Labour Party members Russian revolutionaries People of the Russian Empire of Polish descent Soviet people of Polish descent Polish people executed by the Soviet Union Soviet politicians Russian people of Polish descent

Harold Keith Johnson

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<mask> "Johnny" <mask> (February 22, 1912 – September 24, 1983) was a United States Army general who served as Chief of Staff of the United States Army from 1964 to 1968. Regarded as a premier tactician, <mask> became skeptical that the level of resources given to the Vietnam War, much of which went into 'find, fix, and destroy the big main force units' operations, could deliver victory. <mask> came to believe that the Communist forces held a trump card, because they controlled whether there were engagements with U.S. forces, giving an option to simply avoid battle with U.S. forces if the situation warranted it. Early life <mask> was born in Bowesmont, North Dakota, on February 22, 1912. After graduation from high school in 1929, <mask> attended the United States Military Academy, West Point, New York. On June 13, 1933, he was commissioned as a second lieutenant in the infantry. <mask>'s first duty assignment was with the 3rd Infantry (Old Guard) at Fort Snelling, Minnesota.Military career In 1938, <mask> attended Infantry School at Fort Benning. Upon graduation, he was assigned to the 28th Infantry at Fort Niagara, New York. Requesting an overseas transfer, <mask> was reassigned to the 57th Infantry (Philippine Scouts) at Fort McKinley, Philippine Islands in 1940. World War II After the Battle of Bataan, <mask> became a prisoner of war (POW) of the Japanese on 9 April 1942. Participating in the Bataan Death March, <mask> was eventually imprisoned at Camp O'Donnell, Cabanatuan and Bilibid Prison. In December 1944, the Japanese attempted to transfer <mask> and 1600 other POWs out of the Philippines. On 14 December 1944, American fighter planes sank the Japanese ship Ōryoku Maru, killing over 300 of the POWs.<mask> survived and was eventually transferred to Japan. Unwilling to give up their POWs to the advancing Allies, Japan again transferred <mask>. Finally ending up in Korea, <mask> was liberated by the 7th Infantry Division on September 7, 1945. Korean War and rise to senior command After <mask>'s return to the United States, his first assignment was with the Ground Forces School. In August 1946, he attended the Command and General Staff College at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, where he remained as an instructor for another two years. <mask> next attended the Armed Forces Staff College in Norfolk, Virginia, in 1949. After graduation, he was assigned as commanding officer, 3rd Battalion, 7th Infantry at Fort Devens, Massachusetts.<mask> organized the 1st Provisional Infantry Battalion at Fort Devens and, in August 1950, he was dispatched to Korea. The battalion became the 3rd Battalion, 8th Cavalry Regiment, assigned to the 1st Cavalry Division for the defense of the Pusan Perimeter. Still with the 1st Cavalry Division, <mask> was later promoted to command the 5th and the 8th Cavalry Regiments. In February 1951, he was reassigned as Assistant Chief of Staff, G3 of I Corps. Returning to the United States, <mask> was assigned to the Office of the Chief of the Army Field Forces, Fort Monroe, Virginia. In 1952, he attended the National War College. After graduation, <mask> was assigned to the Office of the Assistant Chief of Staff, G3, where he served first, as Chief of Joint War Plans Branch, then as the Assistant to the Chief of the Plans Division, and finally as the Executive Officer of the Assistant Chief of Staff.In January 1956, <mask> was assigned to duty as Assistant Division Commander of the 8th Infantry Division at Fort Carson, Colorado. Later in 1956, he transferred with the 8th Division to West Germany. <mask>'s next assignment was as chief of staff, Seventh Army Headquarters at Stuttgart-Vaihingen. Then in April 1959, <mask> moved to Headquarters, United States Army Europe as Assistant Chief of Staff, G3. The following December, he was appointed chief of staff, Central Army Group at NATO Headquarters concerned with planning for the employment of French, German, and American troop operations in Central Europe. Returning to the United States, <mask> was assigned as commandant, Command and General Staff College, Fort Leavenworth, Kansas. In February 1963, he became assistant deputy chief of staff for military operations (operations and plans), Department of the Army, and in July was appointed as deputy chief of staff for military operations.Chief of Staff On July 3, 1964, <mask> was appointed the 24th Chief of Staff of the United States Army; his reputation as an expert tactician led to him being selected over candidates with more seniority. He had told the National Guard Association that year that "military force ... should be committed with the object beyond war in mind" and "broadly speaking, the object beyond war should be the restoration of stability with the minimum of destruction, so that society and lawful government may proceed in an atmosphere of justice and order." Vietnam War <mask> went to Vietnam in December 1965 after the Battle of Ia Drang. He "concluded that it had not been a victory at all and that Westmoreland's big-unit strategy was misconceived". However, <mask> publicly said there was no alternative to disrupting enemy main force units in the Central Highlands as preventing them from establishing base areas in the middle of the country was essential. After talking to junior officers involved in the first major actions, <mask> concluded that enemy main force units had the ability to evade engagements, giving them the option to keep casualties below an acceptable level, but they were in fact accepting the actual kill ratios being achieved, as evidenced by them attacking United States forces. <mask> started the process to have Westmoreland replaced in Vietnam, and commissioned the PROVN Study, which noted that "aerial attacks and artillery fire, applied indiscriminately, also have exacted a toll on village allegiance."There was a deep-seated reluctance among the Joint Chiefs of Staff to interfere with the command decisions of Westmoreland, but harassing artillery fire, by United States forces at least, was greatly reduced. As <mask> saw it, the communist units would always keep their casualties below what they considered a prohibitive level, and could not be swept away by US firepower. He did, however, acknowledge that the U.S. Commander in Vietnam, General William Westmoreland, had little choice but to engage the enemy's main formations, which had to be prevented from securing base areas where they could concentrate. <mask> was instrumental in altering the focus to a counterinsurgency approach, but was frustrated at the US Congress' refusal to provide the manpower necessary for successful pacification. In his later years <mask> said it had been obvious that US national mobilization was required to win in Vietnam, and he regretted not resigning in protest at the government asking the army to fight a war without hope of ultimate victory. Conditions for enlisted personnel As Chief of Staff, one of <mask>'s noteworthy accomplishments was creating the office of the Sergeant Major of the Army to improve the quality of life for enlisted personnel.He selected Sergeant Major William O. Wooldridge to be the first to hold this post. <mask> also served as acting Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff for a few months in 1967 during the convalescence of General Earle Wheeler. <mask> retired from active duty in July 1968. For three years, General <mask> headed the Freedoms Foundation at Valley Forge and afterwards worked as a banking executive until retiring for good. Final years <mask> married Dorothy Rennix in 1935. During his term as chief of staff, he had been involved in many policy debates regarding the escalation of the Vietnam War as a proponent of full military mobilization to achieve a pacification of South Vietnam. He considered resigning in protest over President Lyndon B<mask>'s decision not to mobilize the reserves, and at the end of his life expressed regret at not doing so.He was the subject of a biography, Honorable Warrior, by Lewis Sorley. <mask> died on September 24, 1983, in Washington, D.C. <mask> came to regret not opposing the escalation of the Vietnam War, lamenting that "I am now going to my grave with that lapse in moral courage on my back." Tributes "He had an unusual sense of loyalty to the men under him, the kind of thing ordinary soldiers notice and value when they grade an officer..." "He was the best, someone born to lead men. I think he was always thinking about what was good for us. Nothing ever got by him." Decorations and awards Dates of rank References External links Thunderbolt by Lewis Sorley Four Stars by Mark Perry Army biography in Commanding Generals and Chiefs of Staff a publication of the United States Army Center of Military History Harold K. <mask> Collection US Army Heritage and Education Center, Carlisle, Pennsylvania 1912 births 1983 deaths United States Army generals United States Army Chiefs of Staff United States Army personnel of World War II United States Army personnel of the Korean War United States Army personnel of the Vietnam War World War II prisoners of war held by Japan Bataan Death March prisoners American torture victims Recipients of the Distinguished Service Cross (United States) Recipients of the Distinguished Service Medal (US Army) Recipients of the Legion of Merit Commandants of the United States Army Command and General Staff College United States Military Academy alumni United States Army Command and General Staff College alumni People from Pembina County, North Dakota Burials at Arlington National Cemetery