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Courtney Lee

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<mask> (born October 3, 1985) is an American former professional basketball player. He was drafted by the Orlando Magic with the 22nd overall pick in the 2008 NBA draft. He played college basketball at Western Kentucky University. Early life <mask> was born in Indianapolis, Indiana. High school career <mask> attended Pike High School in Indianapolis and played on their Indiana 4A state championship winning team in 2003. He starred for the Indy Hornet's AAU team, winning several state championships and annually placing high at the AAU nationals. Considered a three-star recruit by Rivals.com, <mask> was listed as the No.34 shooting guard in the nation in 2004. College career In 2004, <mask> was recruited by former Western Kentucky assistant coach William Small to play for the Hilltoppers. In his first season, <mask> set a WKU record for freshman scoring with 461 points in 31 games. He was named First Team All-Sun Belt Conference for three consecutive seasons (2005–06, 2006–07, 2007–08). As a senior at WKU, <mask> was named Sun Belt Player of the Year. He also helped lead the Hilltoppers to a Sweet 16 appearance in the 2008 NCAA Tournament while being ranked 28th nationally in scoring with 20.4 points per game. On January 27, 2008, <mask> recorded a career high 33 points in a 77–68 win over Arkansas State.<mask> finished his collegiate career tied with Jim McDaniels for all-time leading scorer at WKU, with 2,238 points. During his four-year career at WKU, he started 127 games, played an overall 3,957 minutes, made 82% of free throws, made 245 three-point shots, had 242 steals, 281 assists and 78 blocked shots. On January 10, 2015, it was announced that <mask>'s jersey would be retired by the Hilltoppers. <mask>'s tattoo on his arm reads "R.I.P. Danny Rumph" dedicated to his WKU teammate who died in May 2005 from an enlarged heart after hitting a game winning shot in a pick-up game in his hometown, Philadelphia. Professional career Orlando Magic (2008–2009) <mask> was drafted 22nd overall by the Orlando Magic in the 2008 NBA draft. On February 4, 2009, <mask> posted season-high numbers against the Los Angeles Clippers.He finished the night with 21 points, including 9-of-10 field goals while making three 3-pointers. Then on March 23, 2009 in a game against the New York Knicks at Madison Square Garden, <mask> set a then-career high with 22 points. He made two critical free throws late in the fourth quarter to secure a comeback win for the Magic. <mask> finished 6–8 from the field, 2–3 from behind the three-point line, and 8–8 from the free throw line. During the Magic's first round NBA playoff series against the Philadelphia 76ers, <mask> scored 18 points in game 1 and a team-high 24 points in game 2, helping the team tie the series at 1–1. On April 28, 2009 <mask> was hit in the face by Dwight Howard during Game 5 of the Magic's first round playoff series, suffering a fractured sinus. The following day it was announced that he would miss Game 6 of the series due to the injury.He then returned for the second round matchup against the Boston Celtics but he was forced to wear a protective mask over his face for the remainder of the postseason. In Game 2 of the 2009 NBA Finals, <mask> missed a potential game-winning layup with 0.6 seconds remaining on the shot-clock at the end of regulation that would have evened the series at 1-1. New Jersey Nets (2009–2010) After spending his rookie year with the Orlando Magic, <mask> was traded on June 25, 2009, along with Rafer Alston and Tony Battie, to the New Jersey Nets for future teammate Vince Carter and Ryan Anderson. During the 2009–10 season, <mask> led the Nets in steals (93), three-point shots made (76), and free throw percentage (86.9%). On March 8, 2010, he recorded a career high 30 points in a 107–101 loss to the Memphis Grizzlies. Houston Rockets (2010–2012) On August 11, 2010, <mask> was traded to the Houston Rockets in a four-team, five-player trade in which the Rockets sent Trevor Ariza to the New Orleans Hornets. He was officially introduced by the Rockets on August 18, 2010.Boston Celtics (2012–2014) On July 20, 2012, <mask> was traded to the Boston Celtics in a three team sign and trade deal involving the Houston Rockets and Portland Trail Blazers. <mask> agreed to a 4-year, $21.5 million deal with Boston. He had a fine start to the 2013–14 season hitting around 50 percent of his 3-point attempts under new coach Brad Stevens. Memphis Grizzlies (2014–2016) On January 7, 2014, a three-team trade was completed between the Celtics, the Memphis Grizzlies, and the Oklahoma City Thunder. Boston traded <mask> and a 2016 second round draft pick to Memphis for in exchange for the Grizzlies' Jerryd Bayless and the Thunder's Ryan Gomes. Charlotte Hornets (2016) On February 16, 2016, the Grizzlies traded <mask> to the Charlotte Hornets in a three-team trade also involving the Miami Heat. Five days later, he made his debut and first start with the Hornets in a 104–96 win over the Brooklyn Nets, recording five points, one rebound and one assist in 21 minutes.New York Knicks (2016–2019) On July 8, 2016, <mask> signed with the New York Knicks. Prior to the start of the 2017–18 season, <mask> was named co-captain of the Knicks alongside Lance Thomas. On January 15, 2018, in a 119–104 win over the Brooklyn Nets, <mask> made his 44th straight free throw on a third-quarter technical, tying the Knicks' record set by Chris Duhon in 2008–09. <mask> came into the game leading the league at 96.1 percent after hitting 73 of 76. Two days later, he converted a free throw in the second quarter of the Knicks' 105–99 loss to the Memphis Grizzlies—his 45th straight, setting a franchise record. In December 2018, he played a game with the Knicks' NBA G League affiliate, the Westchester Knicks. Dallas Mavericks (2019–2020) On January 31, 2019, <mask> was traded, along with Trey Burke, Tim Hardaway Jr. and Kristaps Porziņģis, to the Dallas Mavericks in exchange for DeAndre Jordan, Wesley Matthews, Dennis Smith Jr. and two future first-round draft picks.On June 22, 2020, the Dallas Mavericks announced that <mask> suffered a left calf injury during the NBA hiatus. After becoming a free agent after the season, he was re-signed on December 11, 2020, but was waived after training camp.

Mozi

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<mask> (; ; Latinized as Micius ; c. 470 – c. 391 BC), original name Mo Di (), was a Chinese philosopher who founded the school of Mohism during the Hundred Schools of Thought period (early portion of the Warring States period of c.475–221 BC). The ancient text Mozi contains material ascribed to him and his followers. Mozi taught that everyone is equal in the eyes of heaven. He believed that those in power should be based on meritocracy, or those who are worthy of power should receive power. Mozi invokes heaven and calls on the Sage Kings to support his precedents. Born in what is now Tengzhou, Shandong Province, he founded the school of Mohism that argued strongly against Confucianism and Taoism. His philosophy emphasized universal love, social order, the will of heaven, sharing, and honoring the worthy.During the Warring States period, Mohism was actively developed and practiced in many states but fell out of favor when the legalist Qin dynasty came to power in 221 BC. During that period, many Mohist classics are thought to have been ruined when the emperor Qin Shi Huang supposedly carried out the burning of books and burying of scholars. The importance of Mohism further declined when Confucianism became the dominant school of thought during the Han Dynasty, until mostly disappearing by the middle of the Western Han dynasty. <mask> is referenced in the Thousand Character Classic, which records that he was saddened when he saw dyeing of pure white silk, which embodied his conception of austerity (simplicity, chastity). The concept of Love () was developed by the Chinese philosopher <mask> in the 4th century BC in reaction to Confucianism's benevolent love. <mask> tried to replace what he considered to be the long-entrenched Chinese over-attachment to family and clan structures with the concept of "universal love" (, jiān'ài). In this, he argued directly against Confucians who believed that it was natural and correct for people to care about different people in different degrees.<mask>, by contrast, believed people in principle should care for all people equally. Mohism stressed that rather than adopting different attitudes towards different people, love should be unconditional and offered to everyone without regard to reciprocation, not just to friends, family and other Confucian relations. Later in Chinese Buddhism, the term Ai () was adopted to refer to a passionate caring love and was considered a fundamental desire. In Buddhism, Ai was seen as capable of being either selfish or selfless, the latter being a key element towards enlightenment. Life Most historians believe that <mask> was a member of the lower artisan class who managed to climb his way to an official post. It is known, however, that his parents were not affectionate towards him and showed him very little love. <mask> was a native of the State of Lu (today's Tengzhou, Shandong Province), although for a time he served as a minister in the State of Song.Like Confucius, <mask> was known to have maintained a school for those who desired to become officials serving in the different ruling courts of the Warring States. <mask> was a carpenter and was extremely skilled in creating devices (see Lu Ban). Though he did not hold a high official position, <mask> was sought out by various rulers as an expert on fortification. He was schooled in Confucianism in his early years, but he viewed Confucianism as being too fatalistic and emphasizing too much on elaborate celebrations and funerals which he felt were detrimental to the livelihood and productivity of common people. He managed to attract a large following during his lifetime which rivaled that of Confucius. His followers—mostly technicians and craftspeople—were organized in a disciplined order that studied both Mozi's philosophical and technical writings. According to some accounts of the popular understanding of Mozi at the time, he had been hailed by many as the greatest hero to come from Henan.His passion was said to be for the good of the people, without concern for personal gain or even for his own life or death. His tireless contribution to society was praised by many, including Confucius' disciple Mencius. Mencius wrote in Jinxin () that Mozi believed in love for all mankind. As long as something benefits mankind, <mask> will pursue it even if it means hurting his head or his feet. Zhang Tai Yan said that in terms of moral virtue, even Confucius and Laozi cannot compare to Mozi. <mask> travelled from one crisis zone to another throughout the ravaged landscape of the Warring States, trying to dissuade rulers from their plans of conquest. According to the chapter "Gongshu" in Mozi, he once walked for ten days to the State of Chu in order to forestall an attack on the State of Song.At the Chu court, Mozi engaged in nine simulated war games with Gongshu Ban, the chief military strategist of Chu, and overturned each one of his stratagems. When Gongshu Ban threatened him with death, <mask> informed the king that his disciples had already trained the soldiers of Song in his fortification methods, so it would be useless to kill him. The Chu king was forced to call off the war. On the way back, however, the soldiers of Song, not recognizing him, would not allow Mozi to enter their city, and he had to spend a night freezing in the rain. After this episode, he also stopped the State of Qi from attacking the State of Lu. He taught that defense of a city does not depend only on fortification, weaponry and food supply; it is also important to keep talented people close by and to put trust in them. Philosophy Mozi's moral teachings emphasized introspection, self-reflection and authenticity, rather than obedience to ritual.He observed that we often learn about the world through adversity ("Embracing Scholars" in Mozi). By reflecting on one's own successes and failures, one attains true self-knowledge rather than mere conformity to ritual ("Refining Self" in Mozi). Mozi exhorted people to lead a life of asceticism and self-restraint, renouncing both material and spiritual extravagance. Like Confucius, Mozi idealized the Xia Dynasty and the ancients of Chinese mythology, but he criticized the Confucian belief that modern life should be patterned on the ways of the ancients. After all, he pointed out, what we think of as "ancient" was actually innovative in its time, and thus should not be used to hinder present-day innovation ("Against Confucianism, Part 3" in the Mozi). Though Mozi did not believe that history necessarily progresses, as did Han Fei Zi, he shared the latter's critique of fate (, mìng). Mozi believed that people were capable of changing their circumstances and directing their own lives.They could do this by applying their senses to observing the world, judging objects and events by their causes, their functions, and their historical bases. ("Against Fate, Part 3") This was the "three-prong method" <mask> recommended for testing the truth or falsehood of statements. His students later expanded on this to form the School of Names. <mask> tried to replace what he considered to be the long-entrenched Chinese ideal of strong attachments to family and clan structures with the concept of "impartial caring" or "universal love" (, jiān ài). He argued directly against Confucians, who had philosophized that it was natural and correct for people to care about different people in different degrees. <mask>, in contrast, argued that people in principle should care for all people equally, a notion that philosophers in other schools found absurd, as they interpreted this notion as implying no special amount of care or duty towards one's parents and family. Overlooked by those critics, however, is a passage in the chapter on "Self-Cultivation" which states, "When people near-by are not befriended, there is no use endeavoring to attract those at a distance."This point is also precisely articulated by a Mohist in a debate with Mencius (in the Mencius), where the Mohist argues in relation to carrying out universal love, that "We begin with what is near." Also, in the first chapter of the writings of Mozi on universal love, Mozi argues that the best way of being filial to one's parents is to be filial to the parents of others. The foundational principle is that benevolence, as well as malevolence, is requited, and that one will be treated by others as one treats others. Mozi quotes a popular passage from the Book of Odes to bring home this point: "When one throws to me a peach, I return to him a plum." One's parents will be treated by others as one treats the parents of others. Also of note is the fact that Mozi differentiated between "intention" and "actuality", thereby placing a central importance on the will to love, even though in practice it may very well be impossible to bring benefit to everyone. In addition, Mozi argued that benevolence comes to human beings "as naturally as fire turns upward or water turns downward", provided that persons in positions of authority illustrate benevolence in their own lives.In differentiating between the ideas of "universal" (jian) and "differential" (bie), Mozi said that "universal" comes from righteousness while "differential" entails human effort. Furthermore, Mozi's basic argument concerning universal love asserts that universal love is supremely practical, and this argument was directed against those who objected that such love could not be put into practice. Mozi also held a belief in the power of ghosts and spirits, although he is often thought to have only worshipped them pragmatically. In fact, in his discussion on ghosts and spirits, he remarks that even if they did not exist, communal gatherings for the sake of making sacrificial offering would play a role in strengthening social bonds. Furthermore, for Mozi the will of Heaven (, tiān) was that people should love one another, and that mutual love by all would bring benefit to all. Therefore, it was in everyone's interest that they love others "as they love themselves". Heaven should be respected because failing to do so would subject one to punishment.For Mozi, Heaven was not the "amoral", mystical nature of the Taoists. Rather, it was a benevolent, moral force that rewarded good and punished evil. Similar in some ways to the Abrahamic religions, Mozi believed that all living things live in a realm ruled by Heaven, and Heaven has a will which is independent from and higher than the will of man. Thus he writes that "Universal love is the Way of Heaven", since "Heaven nourishes and sustains all life without regard to status." ("Laws and Customs" in Mozi) Mozi's ideal of government, which advocated a meritocracy based on talent rather than background, also followed his idea of Heaven. Anti-fatalism ()- Mozi opposed to Confucian "Destiny" thought, class differences and other ideas. Mozi put forward to promote people's victory, things in the subjective attitude to life, encourage people to work hard to change their fate and inequality in the world.In Confucius's opinion, a person's life and death, wealth and poverty are completely related to destiny and personal power can not be changed. Ethics Mohist ethics is considered a form of consequentialism, according to which the morality of an action, statement, teaching, policy, judgment, and so on, is determined by the consequences that it brings about. In particular, <mask> thought that actions should be measured by the way they contribute to the benefit of all members of society. With this criterion, Mozi denounced things as diverse as offensive warfare, expensive funerals, and even music and dance, which he saw as serving no useful purpose. According to the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Mohist consequentialism, dating back to the 5th century BC, is the "world's earliest form of consequentialism, a remarkably sophisticated version based on a plurality of intrinsic goods taken as constitutive of human welfare". Consequentialist theories vary over exactly which consequences are relevant, though they all share the same basic outcome-based structure. With Mozi's overwhelming focus on "benefit" (利 li) among other ends, and his explicit focus on making moral evaluations in light of them, Mozi's ethics indeed shares this consequentalist structure.For interpreting Mozi, however, there is some debate over how to understand the consequences Mozi seems most concerned with, and therefore over which kind of consequentialism to ascribe to him. Some believe the best descriptor to be state consequentialism. According to this reading, Mohist ethics makes moral evaluations based on how well the action, statement, etc., in question contributes to the stability of a state. Such state-related goods include social order, material wealth, and population growth. By centering his ethical theory around the promotion of such state-related ends, Mozi shows himself to be a state consequentialist. Unlike hedonistic utilitarianism, which views pleasure as a moral good, "the basic goods in Mohist consequentialist thinking are ... order, material wealth, and increase in population". During Mozi's era, war and famines were common, and population growth was seen as a moral necessity for a harmonious society.Mozi opposed wars because they wasted life and resources while interfering with the fair distribution of wealth, yet he recognized the need for strong urban defenses so he could maintain the harmonious society he desired. The "material wealth" of Mohist consequentialism refers to basic needs like shelter and clothing, and the "order" of Mohist consequentialism refers to Mozi's stance against warfare and violence, which he viewed as pointless and a threat to social stability. Stanford sinologist David Shepherd Nivison, in The Cambridge History of Ancient China, writes that the moral goods of Mohism "are interrelated: more basic wealth, then more reproduction; more people, then more production and wealth ... if people have plenty, they would be good, filial, kind, and so on unproblematically". In contrast to Jeremy Bentham, Mozi did not believe that individual happiness was important; the consequences of the state outweigh the consequences of individual actions. Alternative readings locate the main focus of Mozi's consequentialism in the welfare of the people themselves rather than that of the state as a whole. Such interpretations as Chris Fraser's argue that it is a mistake to view Mozi's focus on the collective well-being of a population as a focus on the well-being of the state itself rather than its constituents. In this way, Mozi tended to evaluate actions based on whether they provide benefit to the people, which he measured in terms of an enlarged population (states were sparsely populated in his day), a prosperous economy, and social order.Indeed these are collective goods rather than individual ones, which is a major difference between Mohist consequentialism and modern, Western versions. However, this reading emphasizes that collective goods are better considered as aggregated individual goods rather than as state goods. This consequentialist structure supports Mohist ethics and politics, which survives in the form of 10 core doctrines. These doctrines are as follows: Promoting the Worthy Identifying Upward Universal Love (sometimes called "Inclusive Care") Condemning Aggression Moderation in Use Moderation in Burials Heaven's Intent Understanding Ghosts Condemning Music Condemning Fatalism Each of these doctrines is justified on the grounds that it produces the best consequences for society, and that all people stand to benefit from adopting them. Promoting the worthy, for example, encourages people in positions of power to hire competent and worthy subordinates to fill posts, rather than hire friends and relatives instead. The reasoning here is that someone better qualified for the job will perform better and enable society as a whole to benefit. Identifying upward refers to the idea that people in subordinate positions in society must look to their superiors as models for their own conduct.Provided that the superiors are indeed morally competent and worthy of emulation, the rest of society will always have a reliable guide for their own actions, thereby giving rise to social benefits. Universal love refers to the basic normative attitude the Mohists encourage us to adopt towards others. The idea is that people ought to consider all others as being part of their scope of moral concern. Indeed this is perhaps the most infamous of Mohist doctrines, and was criticized early on by philosophers such as Mengzi, who held that the doctrine was akin to renouncing one's family. However, close readings of the texts by modern scholars have shown the demands of Mohist universal love to be much more mild and reasonable. Additionally, given the accretional nature of the texts, the audience of such texts may have changed depending

Mozi

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upon the Mohists' social influence, and so the demands for universal love made on rulers, for example, is considerably higher than that made on the masses. At its most basic, however, the doctrine merely encourages a general attitude of care towards others.However, this does not require that we renounce all forms of special relationships we have with our families and friends. In fact, the Mohists introduce the problem that universal love is meant to solve by lamenting the fact that fathers and sons don't care for each other, and so must instead adopt an attitude of universal love. Conversely, the Mohists hope, when people adopt an attitude of universal love, society as a whole will benefit. Dovetailing with this idea is that of condemning aggression. The main targets of this doctrine are undoubtedly the rulers of the various warring states in China, who regularly embarked on expansionist military campaigns in order to increase their territory, power, and influence. However, such campaigns were enormously taxing on the population, disrupting regular farming cycles by conscripting able-bodied people for these military ends. Additionally, the practices is ethically wrong for the same reason that robbery and murder are wrong.In fact, according to Mozi, the two are actually one and the same; for what is an expansionist war of aggression other than robbery and murder on a grand scale? And yet, Mozi laments, those rulers who execute robbers and murderers engage in the very same practices. With respect to universal love, indeed part of the reason why rulers believe it is acceptable to invade and conquer other states while it is not acceptable for their own subjects to rob and steal from one another is that the people in neighboring states are not part of the rulers' scope of moral concern. If rulers were to instead include these people and refrain from wars of aggression, all states, those attacking and those defending, will benefit. Moderation in use and moderation in burials are the main Mohist ideas about frugality. In one's own projects, utility ought to be the only consideration. The Mohists took particular offense to the practice of extremely lavished funerals and demanding mourning rituals.Such funerals and rituals would potentially bankrupt an entire clan, at least temporarily, and disrupt its farming practices. For the dead in higher positions of authority, this disruption would affect an even greater number of people. Again, the point here is to promote benefit across society, and the Mohists believe that adopting frugal practices will do so. Mozi's ideas about ghosts and spirits follow from their religious beliefs in a morally consistent universe. Heaven, it is argued, is the ultimate moral standard, while ghosts and spirits serve as Heaven's enforcers. Both doctrines, when adopted, promote societal benefit both by enabling people to rely upon an objective standard to guide their actions (namely, Heaven), and by acting as a sort of cosmic authority capable of enacting rewards and punishments. Mozi's condemnation of music rests on the same economic considerations as their general ideas of frugality.In ancient China, grand musical ceremonies established by rulers would place enormous financial and human strains on populations, and so Mozi condemned such ceremonies for this reason. It's worth noting that Mozi did not object to music in principle—"It's not that I don't like the sound of the drum" ("Against Music")—but only because of the heavy tax burden such activities placed on commoners and also due to the fact that officials tended to indulge in them at the expense of their duties. Finally, the Mohists rejected the idea of fatalism, or the idea that there is fate. The Mohists reject this idea on the grounds that it encourages lazy and irresponsible behavior. When people believe that there is fate, and that the consequences of their actions lie beyond their control, people will not be encouraged to improve themselves, nor will they be willing to take responsibility for disasters. As a result, society will suffer, and so the doctrine that there is fate ought to be rejected. Works and influence "Mozi" is also the name of the philosophical anthology written and compiled by followers of Mozi.The text was formed by an accretional process that took place over a period of hundreds of years, beginning perhaps during or shortly after <mask>'s lifetime, and lasting until perhaps the early Han dynasty. During the Han dynasty, as Confucianism came to be the official school of political thought, Mohism gradually lost both its adherents and influence while simultaneously being partly incorporated into more mainstream political thought. The text was eventually neglected, and only 58 of the text's original 71 books (pian) survive, some of which, notably the later Mohist Canons, contain significant textual corruptions and are fragmentary in nature. The anthology can be divided into 5 main groups, which are determined on the basis of both chronological and thematic features: Books 1-7 consist of short, miscellaneous essays containing summaries of Mohist doctrines, anecdotes about Mozi, and ideals about meritocratic government. Some appear to be relatively late texts, expressing mature Mohist political and ethical thought on some topics. Books 8-37 contain the Mohists' key essays on the ten "core" Mohist doctrines. Though they exhibit explicit thematic unity, textual evidence suggests that the Mohists revisited their core doctrines throughout their activity, responding to objections and addressing issues unresolved in earlier, often shorter and simpler expositions.Books 38-39 are a series of polemics against the Ru (Confucians). They are often grouped with books 8-37, though they do not expound a positive doctrine, and their purpose is entirely critical. Books 40-45 are often referred to as the "dialectical books." These are often considered "later Mohist" writings, though actual chronological details about them are difficult to glean. They are written in an idiosyncratic style, and focus on a broad range of issues that go well beyond those of the Mohist core doctrines, including logic, epistemology, optics, geometry, and ethics. Books 46-51 are dialogues. They are probably later, and likely fictional, exhibiting Mozi in conversation with various interlocutors.Books 52-71 are chapters on military affairs, specifically focusing on preparing for defensive warfare. The Mozi is a rich source of insight into early Chinese dynastic history, culture, and philosophy. The text frequently cites ancient classics, such as the Shang Shu, and at times departs from the received version, giving scholars insight into the textual development of such classics as well. The texts portray Mozi as a mouthpiece for Mohist philosophy and not much else. This picture contrasts that of Confucius and Mencius found in the Lunyu (Analects) and Mengzi respectively, wherein the thinkers in question are portrayed as expressing emotions, chiding students, and even making mistakes. (Consider Mengzi's disastrous advice to the King of Qi to invade the state of Yan.) To contrast, Mozi has little if any personality in the text, instead serving only as a mouthpiece for Mohist philosophy.Mohism, like other schools of thought at the time, was suppressed under the Qin and died out completely under the Han, as its more radical adherents gradually dissolved and its most compelling ideas became absorbed by mainstream political thought. The influence of Mozi is still visible in many Han dynasty works written hundreds of years later. For example, the Confucian scholar Gongsun Hong describes the Confucian virtue of ren ("benevolence") in Mohist terms. Additionally, Mohist epistemology and philosophy of language had a profound influence on the development of classical Chinese philosophy in general. In fact, Mohism was so prominent during the Warring States period that philosophical opponents, including Mencius and some authors of the Daoist anthology, the Zhuangzi, lament the very prevalence and widespread influence of their ideas. In modern times, Mohism has been given a fresh analysis. Sun Yat-Sen used "universal love" as one of the foundations for his idea of Chinese democracy.More recently, Chinese scholars under Communism have tried to rehabilitate <mask> as a "philosopher of the people", highlighting his rational-empirical approach to the world as well as his "proletarian" background. The body in the Mozi is constructed by'xing (形, 'body') -xin (心, 'heart') - qi ( 氣, 'energy')'which is in accord with the Pre-Qin thinkers' understanding to the body. While xing refers to the flesh-bloody part of human being, the concept of xin focuses on the aspect of cognition and is closely related to the concept of shan (善, 'goodness'), ai (愛, 'love'), zhi (志, 'will') and xing. Some views claim that Mozi's philosophy was at once more advanced and less so than that of Confucius. Indeed the Mohists were radical political reformers who sought primarily to benefit the masses and challenge the practices of the ruling orthodoxy, often targeting a perceived wasteful aristocracy whom they referred to as "the gentlemen of the world." The Mohist idea of "universal love" embraced a broader idea of human community than that of the Confucians, arguing that the scope of individuals' moral concern should include all people. Opponents of this idea often claimed that "universal love" was akin to renouncing one's family, and indeed more strict Mohists living in Mohist communities as the school flourished may have exhibited such behavior.However, there is some scholarly debate over just how radical the provisions of universal love actually are, and, as can be seen from the example of Gongsun Hong above, the less radical components of the doctrine were eventually absorbed by mainstream thought. <mask> is also famous for his ideas about frugality, such as those concerning moderating expenses and eliminating wasteful ceremonies including music and funerals. A common misconception is that the Mohists eschewed all forms of art, but of course the Mohists' targets are more specifically elaborate, state-sponsored rituals that would place incredible financial burdens upon a mostly peasant population. This can be seen from Xunzi's own arguments against Mozi in book 10 of the Xunzi "Enriching the State," where Xunzi argues against Mozi that prominent displays of wealth on the part of the state is necessary to maintaining social order. Some modern-day supporters for Mozi (as well as Communism) make the claim that Mohism and modern Communism share a lot in terms of ideals for community life. Others would claim that Mohism shares more with the central ideas of Christianity, especially in terms of the idea of "universal love" (in Greek, "agape"), the "Golden Rule", and the relation of humanity to the supernatural realm. However, Mohism is undoubtedly a product of Warring States China, a period of tremendous political violence and turmoil.The Mohists were political reformers, but they did not seek to challenge the monarchical model of government that prevailed during that time, and sought instead to reform from within by encouraging governments to hire competent people to carry out political tasks, care for their people inclusively, eliminate frivolous government spending, and halt all wars of aggression. In many ways the influence of Mohism was a victim of its own successes, and it is fairly easy to understand its decline. The Mohists' ideas about the importance of meritocracy and universal love were gradually absorbed by mainstream Confucian thinking. Their opposition to offensive warfare became irrelevant once the various Warring States were unified under the Qin and later Han dynasty, and their religious superstitions were eventually replaced with less supernatural accounts. So their most promising ideas were metabolized by the tradition, while their more radical and anachronistic ones were gradually discarded, leading to their demise during the Han dynasty. Mohism and science According to Joseph Needham, Mozi (collected writings of those in the tradition of Mozi, some of which might have been by Mozi himself) contains the following sentence: 'The cessation of motion is due to the opposing force... If there is no opposing force... the motion will never stop.This is as true as that an ox is not a horse.' which, he claims, is a precursor to Newton's first law of motion. Mozi also contains speculations in optics and mechanics that are similarly strikingly original, although their ideas were not taken up by later Chinese philosophers. The Mohist tradition is also highly unusual in Chinese thought in that it devoted time to developing principles of logic. He is the first to describe the physical principle behind the camera, also known as the camera obscura. Contemporary use in technology In 2016, a joint Austrian-Chinese initiative between the experimental physics groups of Anton Zeilinger and former graduate student Jian-Wei Pan known as Quantum Experiments at Space Scale launched a quantum communications satellite nicknamed "Micius" or "Mozi" in homage to the philosopher's writings on optics. See also A Battle of Wits – a historical film based around Mohism History of geometry List of people on stamps of the People's Republic of China Fa, an influential concept elaborated by Mozi Notes References Citations Sources Fraser, Chris."Mohism," article in the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy . (Printings were 1956, 1962, 1969) See also the 1986 edition published in Taipei by Caves Books Ltd. Further reading Bertolt Brecht. Me-ti. Buch der Wendungen. Suhrkamp, Frankfurt 1971. Wing-tsit Chan, ed. A Source Book in Chinese Philosophy.Princeton University Press, Princeton 1969, . Wejen Chang, Traditional Chinese Jurisprudence: Legal Thought of Pre-Qin Thinkers. Cambridge 1990. Chris Fraser, The Philosophy of the Mòzi: The First Consequentialists, New York, Columbia University Press, 2016. Jane Geaney, "A Critique of A. C. Graham's Reconstruction of the 'Neo-Mohist Canons,'" Journal of the American Oriental Society, 119, no. 1 (1999), pp. 1–11.Anna Ghiglione, Mozi, complete translation from classical Chinese, annotated and commented, Québec, Les Presses de l'Université Laval, 2018. Series « Histoire et cultures chinoises », edited by Shenwen Li. Angus C. Graham, Disputers of the TAO: Philosophical Argument in Ancient China (Open Court 1993). —. Later Mohist Logic, Ethics and Science by A. C. Graham, (1978, reprinted 2004) The Chinese University Press, Hong Kong. 700 pages. —.A Daoist Theory of Chinese Thought. (New York: Oxford University Press, 1992) Kung-chuan Hsiao. A History of Chinese Political Thought. In: Volume One: From the Beginnings to the Sixth Century A.D.. Princeton University Press, Princeton 1979 (übersetzt von F. W. Mote). Y. P. Mei Mo-tse, the Neglected Rival of Confucius. London: Arthur Probsthain, 1934. Ralf Moritz, Die Philosophie im alten China.Deutscher Verlag der Wissenschaften, Berlin 1990, . Peter J. Opitz, Der Weg des Himmels: Zum Geist und zur Gestalt des politischen Denkens im klassischen China. Fink, München 1999, . Helwig Schmidt-Glintzer, (ed. ), Mo Ti: Von der Liebe des Himmels zu den Menschen. Diederichs, München 1992, . —.Mo Ti: Solidarität und allgemeine Menschenliebe. Diederichs, Düsseldorf/Köln 1975, . —. Mo Ti: Gegen den Krieg. Diederichs, Düsseldorf/Köln 1975, . Aronovich Rubin Vitaly, Individual and State in Ancient China: Essays on Four Chinese Philosophers. Columbia University Press, New York 1976, .Robin D. S. Yates, "The Mohists on Warfare: Technology, Technique, and Justification", Journal of the American Academy of Religion, 47, mo. 3 (1980, Thematic Issue S), pp. 549–603. Ian Johnston, The Mozi: A Complete Translation, New York: Columbia University Press, 2010. External links Mozi, biographical profile, including quotes and further resources, at Utilitarianism.net Full text of the Mozi (Chinese with English translation based on Mei's translation.) Mozi in the Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy 5th-century BC Chinese philosophers 470s BC births 390s BC deaths Ancient Chinese military engineers Ancient Chinese philosophers Asian pacifists Chinese ethicists Chinese logicians Chinese political philosophers Chinese social commentators Consequentialists Critics of Confucianism Critics of Taoism Cultural critics Epistemologists Founders of philosophical traditions Logicians Metaphysicians Moral philosophers Moral psychologists Moral realists Natural philosophers Ontologists Philosophers from Lu (state) Philosophers of culture Philosophers of education Philosophers of ethics and morality Philosophers of history Philosophers of law Philosophers of love Philosophers of mind Philosophers of psychology Political philosophers Simple living advocates Social critics Social philosophers Writers of lost

H. R. Loyn

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<mask> (16 June 1922 – 9 October 2000), FBA, was a British historian specialising in the history of Anglo-Saxon England. His eminence in his field made him a natural candidate to run the Sylloge of the Coins of the British Isles, which he chaired from 1979 to 1993. He was Professor of Medieval History in the University College of South Wales and Monmouthshire and afterwards Professor of Medieval History at Westfield College in the University of London. Works The Sylloge's natural emphasis is on Anglo-Saxon numismatics. Loyn's mastery of an extensive and specialised literature in an often-contentious area of history produced over four decades a series of cautious, even conservative syntheses of continuity and evolving changes in late Anglo-Saxon and Anglo-Norman England, universally well received in the academic press, which are still staples of student reading-lists. Aside from numerous articles, occasional lectures such as The "matter of Britain": A historian's perspective (a Creighton Trust lecture), and his main publications (see below), he edited The Middle Ages: A Concise Encyclopedia. He has been praised for his "felicitous, economic writing style" Selected publications 1953."The term ealdorman in the translations prepared at the time of King Alfred." English Historical Review 68 (1953): 513–25. 1955. "The imperial style of the 10th century Anglo-Saxon kings." History NS 40. 111-5. 1955."Gesiths and thegns in Anglo-Saxon England from the 7th to the 10th century." English Historical Review 70. 529-49. 1957. "The king and the structure of society in late Anglo-Saxon England." History NS 42. 87–100.Reprinted in Society and peoples (1992). 1961. "The origin and early development of the Saxon borough, with special reference to Cricklade." Wiltshire Archaeological and Natural History Magazine 58:209. 7–15. 1961. "Boroughs and Mints AD 900–1066."In Anglo-Saxon Coins: Studies presented to F. M. Stenton, ed. <mask>.M. Dolley. 122-35. 1962. Anglo-Saxon England and the Norman Conquest (vol. I in The Social and Economic History of England, ed.Asa Briggs). 2nd ed. : Longmans, Harlow, 1991. 1963. The Making of the English Nation. From the Anglo-Saxons to Edward I. New ed.: 1991. 1965. The Norman Conquest. 3rd ed. : 1982. A synthesis for the general reader. 1966.Norman Britain. Drawings by the artist Alan Sorrell. 1966. <mask>, son of Godwin. Historical Association, 1066 commemoration 2. Bexhill-on-Sea and London. 1967.Alfred the Great. Oxford. 1971. Ed. A Wulfstan Manuscript. Introduction to a facsimile edition of a majorsource document for Wulfstan II, Archbishop of York. 1971."Towns in late Anglo-Saxon England: the evidence and some possible lines of enquiry." In England before the Conquest: studies in primary sources presented to Dorothy Whitelock, ed. Peter Clemoes and <mask>. Cambridge, 1971. 115-28. 1974. "Kinship in Anglo-Saxon England."Anglo-Saxon England 3. 197–209. 1974, with <mask> (eds.). British Government and Administration. Studies presented to S. B. Chrimes. Cardiff. 1974."The Hundred in England in the Tenth and Early Eleventh Centuries." In British Government and Administration (passim). Cardiff. 1–15. 1975, with John Percival (trs.). The Reign of Charlemagne: Documents on Carolingian Government and Administration. Documents of Medieval History 2.London. 1975. "Church and state in England in the tenth and eleventh centuries." In Tenth-century studies: essays in commemoration of the millennium of the Council of Winchester and Regularis Concordia, ed. David Parsons. London. 94–102.1976. The Vikings in Wales. Dorothea Coke Memorial Lecture. Viking Society for Northern Research. London. Available online from the Viking Society for Northern Research. 1977.The Vikings in Britain. Revised editions: London, 1983; Oxford and Cambridge (MA), 1994. 1978. "Domesday Book." Proceedings of the Battle Conference on Anglo-Norman Studies 1 (1978): 121–30. 1979. "Anglo-Saxon England.Reflections and insights." History 64:211. 171–81. 1980–1. "Wales and England in the tenth century: the context of the Æthelstan charters." Welsh History Review 10 (1980–1): 283–301. 1980."The Norman conquest of the English language." History Today 30:4. 35–9. 1984. The Governance of Anglo-Saxon England, 500–1087. Part of series The Governance of England. 1984."The conversion of the English to Christianity: some comments on the Celtic contribution." In Welsh society and nationhood: historical essays presented to Glanmor Williams, ed. R. R. Davies et al. Cardiff. 5–18. 1986. "Progress in Anglo-Saxon monetary history."In Anglo-Saxon monetary history: essays in memory of Michael Dolley, ed. M. Blackburn. Leicester. 1–10. 1987. "The beyond of Domesday Book." In Domesday studies.Papers read at the novocentenary conference of the Royal Historical Society and the Institute of British Geographers. Winchester, 1986, ed. James Clarke <mask>. Woodbridge. 1–13. 1987. "William's bishops: some further thoughts."Anglo-Norman Studies 10. 223-35. 1987. "A general introduction to Domesday Book." In Domesday Book Studies, ed. Ann Williams and R. W. H. Erskine. Cambridgeshire Domesday 3.1987. 1–21. 1989. "Rayleigh in Essex: its implications for the Norman settlement." In Studies in medieval history presented to R. Allen Brown, ed. C. <mask>-Bill et al. Woodbridge.235-40. 1990. "Epic and Romance." In England in the twelfth century. Proceedings of the 1988 Harlaxton Symposium, ed. Daniel Williams. Woodbridge.153-63. 1990. "1066: should we have celebrated?" Historical Research 63 (1990): 119–27. 1991. "Bede's kings. A comment on the attitude of Bede to the nature of secular kingship."In Eternal values in medieval life, ed. Nicole Crossley-Holland. Lampeter. 54–64. 1992. Society and peoples. Studies in the history of England and Wales, c.600–1200.London. 1992. "Kings, gesiths and thegns." In The age of Sutton Hoo: the seventh century in North-Western Europe, ed. Martin Carver. Woodbridge, 1992. 75-9.1992. "De iure domini regis: a comment on royal authority in eleventh-century England." In England in the eleventh century. Proceedings of the 1990 Harlaxton symposium, ed. Carola <mask>. Harlaxton Medieval Studies 2. Stamford.17–24. 1994. "From witenagemot to concilium: the antecedents of the House of Lords." In The House of Lords: a thousand years of British tradition, ed. <mask> and John S. Moore. London. 21-7.1994. "Abbots of English monasteries in the period following the Norman conquest." In England and Normandy in the Middle Ages, ed. David Bates and Anne Curry. London. 95–103. 1995.The church and the law in Anglo-Saxon England. Vaughan paper 37. Leicester. 1997. "Llanfyllin. The charter and the laws of Breteuil." Montgomeryshire Collections 85 (1997): 13–21.2000. The English Church, 940–1154. Series The Medieval World. Harlow. . 2007. "Anglo-Saxon England." In A century of British medieval studies, ed. Alan Deyermond.British Academy centenary monographs. Oxford: OUP, 2007. 7–26. Notes Further reading Brooks, Nicholas. "<mask> Loyn, 1922–2000." Proceedings of the British Academy 120 (2003): 302–24. Nelson, Janet L. "<mask>yn and the context of Anglo-Saxon England."Haskins Society Journal 19 (2007): 154–70. Percival, John. "Professor <mask> <mask> (1922–2000)." Medieval Archaeology 45 (2001): 229–32. 1922 births 2000 deaths Anglo-Saxon studies scholars 20th-century British historians Fellows of the British Academy

David Brower

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<mask> (; July 1, 1912 – November 5, 2000) was a prominent environmentalist and the founder of many environmental organizations, including the John Muir Institute for Environmental Studies, Friends of the Earth (1969), Earth Island Institute (1982), North Cascades Conservation Council, and Fate of the Earth Conferences. From 1952 to 1969, he served as the first Executive Director of the Sierra Club, and served on its board three times: from 1941–1953; 1983–1988; and 1995–2000 as a petition candidate enlisted by reform-activists known as the John Muir Sierrans. As a younger man, he was a prominent mountaineer. Early life Brower was born in Berkeley, California. He was married to <mask> (1913 – 2001) whom he met when they were both editors at the University of California Press in Berkeley. Anne was the daughter of Francis L M. Hus and Frances Hus (1876 – 1952), while Frances was the daughter of John P. Irish. <mask>, <mask>'s son, authored a number of books, most notably The Starship and the Canoe about Freeman Dyson and his son George Dyson.Mountaineering achievements Beginning his career as a world-class mountaineer with more than 70 first ascents to his credit, Brower came to the environmental movement through his interest in mountaineering. In 1933, Brower spent seven weeks in the High Sierra with George Rockwood. After a close call with a loose rock while climbing in the Palisades, he met Norman Clyde in the wilderness, who gave him some valuable climbing lessons. On that trip he also met Hervey Voge, who persuaded him to join the Sierra Club. On May 18, 1934, along with Voge, he began a ten-week climbing trip through the High Sierra, to survey climbing routes and maintain mountaineering records for the club. Previously, they had established several food caches along their planned route, which began at Onion Valley and ended at Tuolumne Meadows. In all, the pair climbed 63 peaks on this trip, including 32 first ascents.On the first day, they climbed Mount Tyndall, Mount Williamson, and Mount Barnard. From June 23 to 26, the pair made eight first ascents in the Devils Crags along with Norman Clyde, and also climbed Mount Agassiz. Clyde called the Devils Crag climbs "one of the most remarkable mountaineering feats ever accomplished in the United States". In the Palisades range, the pair climbed Thunderbolt Peak, traversed to North Palisade by way of Starlight Peak, and descended the U-Notch Couloir. In the Sawtooth Range, they climbed The Doodad, the West Tooth, and Matterhorn Peak. Following a failed attempt in 1935 to make the first ascent of the remote, icy Mount Waddington in British Columbia, with a Sierra Club group, Brower added winter climbing to his expertise and made multiple first winter ascents of peaks in the Sierra Nevada. From October 9 to 12, 1939, a Sierra Club climbing team including <mask>, along with Bestor Robinson, Raffi Bedayn, and John Dyer, completed the first ascent of Shiprock, the erosional remnant of the throat of a volcano with nearly vertical walls on the Navajo reservation in northwestern New Mexico.This climb, rated YDS III, 5.7 A2, was the first in the United States to use expansion bolts for protection. Twelve previous attempts on Shiprock had failed, and it was known as "the last great American climbing problem". The Brower party's success was described as an "outstanding effort" by "probably the only group on the continent capable of making the climb". Brower made the first ascent of seventy routes in Yosemite and elsewhere in the western United States. World War II In 1942, Brower edited and contributed to the Manual of Ski Mountaineering, published by the University of California Press and Cambridge University Press for use in training Allied mountain combat troops during World War II. Techniques described in this book were used by U.S. forces in the battles in the North Apeninnes and the Lake Garda Alps. The book was published in three later revised editions.During World War II, he served as a lieutenant in the 10th Mountain Division, training its soldiers in mountaineering and cross-country skiing in Vermont and the state of Washington and earning a Bronze Star in action in Italy. Brower's role in the 10th Mountain Division is featured in the documentary film Fire on the Mountain. He served as a major in the Army Reserve for many years after the war ended. Career with Sierra Club After the war, Brower returned to his job at the University of California Press, and began editing the Sierra Club Bulletin in 1946. He managed the Sierra Club annual High Trips from 1947 to 1954. Brower was named the first executive director of the Sierra Club in 1952, and joined the fight against the Echo Park Dam in Utah's Dinosaur National Monument. Taking advantage of his background in publishing, Brower rushed This is Dinosaur — edited by Wallace Stegner with photographs by Martin Litton and Philip Hyde — into press with publisher Alfred Knopf.Conservationists successfully lobbied Congress to delete Echo Park Dam from the Colorado River Storage Project in 1955, and the Sierra Club received much of the credit. Coffee table books Brower began Sierra Club Books' Exhibit Format book series with This is the American Earth in 1960, followed by the highly successful In Wildness Is the Preservation of the World, with color photographs by Eliot Porter in 1962. These coffee-table books sold well and introduced the Sierra Club to new members interested in wilderness preservation. Brower published two new titles a year in the series, but they began to lose money for the organization after 1964, though many claim they were the primary cause of the Club's extraordinary growth and rise to national prominence. Financial management began to be a bone of contention between <mask> and the Club's board of directors. Membership rises, revenues drop Under <mask>'s leadership from 1952 to 1969, the club's membership expanded tenfold, from 7,000 to 70,000 members, becoming the nation’s leading environmental membership organization. Building on the biennial Wilderness Conferences which the Club launched in 1949 together with The Wilderness Society, Brower helped the Club win passage of the Wilderness Act in 1964.<mask> and the Sierra Club also led a major battle to stop the Bureau of Reclamation from building two dams that would flood portions of the Grand Canyon. In 1964, <mask> organized a dory river expedition led by Martin Litton with Philip Hyde and author Francois Leydet. The trip led to the book Time and The River Flowing which galvanized public opposition to the dams. In June 1966, the Club placed full-page ads in the New York Times and the Washington Post asking: "Should we also flood the Sistine Chapel so tourists can get nearer the ceiling?" The campaign brought in many new members. The Internal Revenue Service announced it was suspending the Club's non-profit 501(c)(3) charitable organization status. The board had set up the Sierra Club Foundation as an alternative for tax-deductible contributions, but revenues to the Club dropped, despite victories in blocking the Grand Canyon dams and a considerable increase in membership.Board conflict and resignation As annual deficits increased, tension grew between <mask> and the Sierra Club board of directors. Another conflict grew over the Club's position on the Diablo Canyon Power Plant planned for construction by Pacific Gas and Electric (PG&E) near San Luis Obispo, California. The Club had played a major role in blocking PG&E's plan for a nuclear power plant at Bodega Bay in the early 1960s, but that campaign had centered on the earthquake danger from the nearby San Andreas Fault, not out of opposition to nuclear power itself. The Club's board of directors had voted to support the Diablo Canyon site for the power plant in exchange for PG&E's moving its initial site from the environmentally sensitive Nipomo Dunes. In 1967, a membership referendum upheld the board's policy. Brower had come to believe that nuclear power was a dangerous mistake at any location, and he publicly voiced his opposition to Diablo Canyon, in defiance of the Club's official policy. Sierra Club board elections in the late 1960s produced sharply defined pro- and anti-Brower factions.In 1968, Brower's supporters won a majority, but in 1969, anti-Brower candidates won all five open positions. Brower was charged with financial recklessness and insubordination by two of his former close friends, photographer Ansel Adams and board president Richard Leonard. Brower's resignation was accepted by a board vote of ten to five. Rejoins and resigns from board Eventually reconciled with the Sierra Club, Brower was elected to the board of directors for a term from 1983 to 1988, and again from 1995 to 2000. Brower was deeply concerned about issues of overpopulation and immigration — one of many issues that led to his resignation in protest from the board of directors in 2000. "Overpopulation is perhaps the biggest problem facing us," he said, "and immigration is part of that problem. It has to be addressed."His favorite example of how immigration should be addressed was the work of his cousin Boone Hallberg, a botanist who immigrated to Oaxaca to build a more sustainable agricultural economy in the area that so many of the workers on his family's California farm had been forced to leave. Founds Friends of the Earth Brower founded Friends of the Earth (FOE) in 1969, soon after resigning as executive director of the Sierra Club. The move came during a burst of public environmental concern generated by the first Earth Day in April 1970. FOE also benefited from the publicity generated by a series of articles in The New Yorker by John McPhee, later published as Encounters with the Archdruid, which recounted Brower's confrontations with a geologist and mining engineer, a resort developer, and Floyd Dominy, the director of the Bureau of Reclamation. Brower so enjoyed being called the Archdruid that he later used the term in his e-mail address. FOE set up its headquarters in San Francisco, and opened an office in Washington, D.C. Brower soon spun off two new organizations from the FOE Washington staff: the League of Conservation Voters in 1970, founded by Marion Edey, and the Environmental Policy Center in 1971. Brower's international contacts led to the founding of FOE International in 1971, a loose federation of sister organizations in some forty-four countries.Brower also started a publications program at FOE, which had initial success with The Environmental Handbook in the wake of Earth Day, but then began to lose money. Widens environmental campaigns Although <mask>'s background was in the wilderness preservation wing of the conservation movement, he quickly led FOE to take on many of the issues raised by the new environmentalists. FOE campaigned against the Alaska pipeline, the supersonic transport airplane (SST), nuclear power, and the use of the defoliant Agent Orange in the Vietnam War. After Ronald Reagan was elected President in 1980, FOE led the opposition to Interior secretary James G. Watt's efforts to sell and lease public lands in the West and develop land adjacent to the National Parks. Resigns from board Brower retired as executive director of FOE on its tenth anniversary in 1979, but continued as chairman of its board of directors. FOE's growing debt and tension between Washington lobbying and grassroots action led to a crisis between Brower and a majority of the board that recalled his conflict with the Sierra Club board. Facing staff cuts in 1984, Brower appealed over the board directly to the membership for emergency contributions.He was removed from the board for insubordination, but was reinstated when he threatened a lawsuit. In 1985 the board voted to close the San Francisco office and move to Washington, D.C.. A referendum of the membership supported the board majority, and Brower resigned in 1986 to work through his Earth Island Institute. Later years with Earth Island Institute Brower incorporated Earth Island Institute in 1982. After FOE moved its headquarters to Washington, D.C., in 1986, Brower developed Earth Island as a loosely structured incubator for innovative projects in ecology and social justice. Although he chaired the board of directors, Brower stayed in the background as co-directors <mask> and John Knox ran the organization. Projects were required to bring in their own funding, and often went their own way once well-established. Groups formed under Earth Island's umbrella include the Rainforest Action Network, the Environmental Project on Central America (EPOCA), and many others.Freed from administrative worries and budget controversies, Brower was able to continue to travel, speak and work on many of his long-standing concerns. In addition to his returning to the Sierra Club board for two separate terms, he also served on the Board of Directors for Native Forest Council from 1988 until his death in 2000. A supporter of Ralph Nader, Brower flew to Denver in June 2000 for the Green Party convention. The day before he died, Brower cast his absentee ballot for Nader. He died at his home in Berkeley, California, on November 5, 2000. A monument, Spaceship Earth, was erected in his honor at Kennesaw State University. The monument is meant to serve as a reminder to future generations about the precious nature of the planet.See also <mask>er Center References Bibliography <mask>, <mask>, For Earth's Sake: The Life and Times of <mask> (Salt Lake City: Gibbs-Smith, 1990). <mask>, <mask> with Steve Chapple, Let the Mountains Talk, Let the Rivers Run (New York: HarperCollins, 1995). <mask>, <mask>, & the Sierra Club, eds., Wilderness: America's Living Heritage (New York Vail-Ballou Press, Gillick Press, 1961). Cohen, Michael P., The History of the Sierra Club, 1892-1970 (San Francisco: Sierra Club Books, 1988). Fox, Stephen, John Muir and His Legacy: The American Conservation Movement (Boston: Little, Brown, 1981). McPhee, John, Encounters with the Archdruid (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1971). Turner, Tom, <mask>er: The Making of the Environmental Movement (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2015).Wyss, Robert. The Man Who Built the Sierra Club: A Life of <mask> (New York: Columbia University Press, 2016). Video resources For Earth's Sake: The Life and Times of <mask>er. Produced in 1989 by John de Graaf in cooperation with KCTS-Seattle. Distributed by Bullfrog Films, Oley, PA 19547. 58 minutes. Monumental: <mask>'s Fight for Wild America.Directed by Kelly Duane for Loteria Films, 2004. DVD, 78 min. External links <mask> Legacy at Earth Island Institute website Online guide to the David Ross Brower Papers, The Bancroft Library North Cascades Conservation Council The Brower legacy Whole Terrain link to Brower's articles published in Whole Terrain Seattle Post-Intelligencer obituary Guardian obituary “<mask>: Speaks about "What Will it Cost the Earth" at Kelly Hall, Antioch College, Yellow Springs, Ohio (Part A) ,” 1970-04-19, WYSO, American Archive of Public Broadcasting (GBH and the Library of Congress), Boston, MA and Washington, DC. Sierra Club executive directors American conservationists American environmentalists American anti–nuclear power activists American mountain climbers American male ski mountaineers American nature writers American non-fiction outdoors writers American male non-fiction writers 20th-century American memoirists American book editors American print editors United States Army officers United States Army personnel of World War II Berkeley High School (Berkeley, California) alumni Writers from Berkeley, California 1912 births 2000 deaths Activists from the San Francisco Bay Area Writers from the San Francisco Bay Area 20th-century American male writers Military personnel from California

Niccolò Riccardi

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<mask> (born at Genoa, 1585; died at Rome, 30 May 1639) was an Italian Dominican theologian, writer and preacher, known today mostly for his role in the Galileo affair. Life Physically he was unprepossessing, but he was encouraged by his parents who sent him to study with Tomas de Lemos (1545-1629) at University of Valladolid. He entered the Dominican Order and was invested with its habit in the Convent of St. Paul, where he studied philosophy and theology. After completing his studies he was made a professor of Thomistic theology at Pincia. While discharging his academic duties, he acquired a reputation as a preacher: Philip III of Spain named him "padre Mostro" ("The Marvel-Priest" or "the Monster-Priest"), a sobriquet by which he was subsequently known in Spain and at Rome. Whether this was due to his prodigious learning and culture, or to his obesity, is not certain. In Rome from 1621, he acquired the confidence of Pope Urban VIII.He was made regent of studies and professor of theology at the College of St. Thomas, the future Pontifical University of Saint Thomas Aquinas, Angelicum. On 13 January 1622 he was also made consultant to the Congregation of the Index. Under Pope Urban <mask>'s prestige as a man of culture continued to grow. He took part in the activities of the Accademia degli Umoristi and both Giovanni Andrea Rovetti and Marcello Giovanetti dedicated collections of sonnets to him, in 1625 and 1626 respectively. His literary activities overlapped significantly with his church responsibilities; In 1622 he was in charge of revising Tommaso Stigliani's Canzoniero to pass censorship, and in 1626 he was chosen to supervise the corrections to Giambattista Marino's Adone, which the Accademia degli Umoristi wanted to publish. After rejecting this censored version for printing, he worked on a further revised version in 1628 and 1629, collaborating with Roberto Ubaldini, but this work was apparently never finished. Virginio Cesarini tried to arrange a meeting between him and Galileo, but although he enthusiastically endorsed "Il Saggiatore" for publication in 1623, he only met Galileo for the first time in May 1624.The two men corresponded thereafter – although no direct trace of their letters to each other remains, Galileo's surviving letters to Mario Guiducci and Giovanni Faber, include pleas to them to ask Riccardi to reply to him. In 1629 Urban VIII appointed him Master of the Sacred Palace to succeed <mask> Ridolfi, recently elected Master General of the Dominicans. Shortly after this, the same pontiff appointed him pontifical preacher. Following these promotions he gave up his literary interests to concentrate on liturgical and historic matters. He began the research for his history of the Council of Trent, of which there remains today only a synopsis and some notes. Between 1629 and 1631 he thought of k part in the Congregatn for the reform of the breviary. In 1635 he joined the newly-founded Accademia Basiliana, which explored links with the Greek church, and joined the Congregatio super Correctione euchologii Graecorum, which issued revised texts for the Melkite Greek Catholic Church.In 1638 he joined the congregation charged with drafting an authorised version of the Holy Scriptures in Arabic. Dispute with Tommaso Campanella Riccardi maintained generally amiable relationships with the authors whose work he had to revise before the Church would authorise their publication; an exception was with fellow-Dominican Tommaso Campanella. Campanella was a man of outspoken heterodox beliefs; denounced to the Inquisition, he was arrested in Padua in 1594 and cited before the Holy Office in Rome, he was confined in a convent until 1597. He was soon in prison again, this time for rebellion against Philip IV of Spain, King of Naples, where he remained for twenty-seven years until the personal intercession of Pope Urban VIII had him released. He was brought to Rome in 1626, where he became Urban VIII's consultant on astrology. <mask> first came into contact with Campanella's work in 1621, when he was called on to examine, with several other consultants, Atheismus triumphatus. The work was ostensibly an account of Campanella's personal journey from rationalism to sincere Christian belief, but the Church considered the arguments he put forward for atheism - before then refuting them - to be strongly persuasive.The Church thus feared that the work in fact promoted heresy while appearing to argue for orthodoxy. Permission to print was denied. When Campanella came to Rome several years later, he renewed his attempt to have the work printed. Riccardi was once again called on to work with others to review the manuscript, and again their response was negative. This time however Urban VIII intervened personally and ensured that Atheismus Triumphatus, together with Campanella's other works, were authorised for printing. Riccardi continued to work on revisions, but there were more delays before the work finally appeared in 1631, whereupon it was immediately seized and banned. Campanella now embarked on a campaign of vengeance against Riccardi, accusing him of being the cause of all the delays in publishing; exiled to France, he continued his harassment from there, writing directly to the Pope and to other people of influence, making ever wilder accusations about Riccardi for several years.There is no evidence that anyone took his claims seriously, but <mask> could do nothing but refuse to release the manuscripts Campanella had entrusted to him. Galileo’s Dialogue Between 1630 and 1633 Riccardi became involved in a major controversy involving Galileo Galilei. After Il Saggiatore in 1623, Galileo had not published any further work, and had particularly avoided the controversy around the ideas of Copernicus, about which he had been warned by Cardinal Bellarmine in 1616. In 1630 Giovanni Ciampoli, the Pope’s secretary, wrote to Galileo, sending the compliments of <mask>, recently appointed Master of the Sacred Palace, who now had authority over licensing books for printing. As Riccardi had endorsed Il Saggiatore for publication a few years previously, this seemed a positive sign that new opportunities to publish his ideas would become available to Galileo. Benedetto Castelli informed Riccardi that it was his appointment that had inspired Galileo to resume writing – which, given the size and complexity of the Dialogue was certainly not true. Riccardi responded to this piece of flattery with an assurance that Galileo could always count on him, which Castelli then reported back to Galileo in a letter on 9 February 1630 as a general assurance of Riccardi’s support.Galileo finished his manuscript of the Dialogue, came to Rome on 3 May 1630, and presented it to Urban himself. Urban may not have read much of it, but he crossed out Galileo’s working title, “De Fluxu et Refluxu Maris” on the grounds that it did not properly reflect the main purpose of the work – a comparison of the world-views of Ptolemy and Copernicus. Besides requiring a new title, Urban reiterated that the subject was to be treated only hypothetically, and that his own favoured argument about God's infinite capacity to organise the universe any way he liked must be inserted at the end. He passed the manuscript to Riccardi for review, Galileo accepted the Pope’s conditions, and the manuscript was approved by Riccardi after only a few alterations had been made by his assistant. Galileo then left Rome and returned to Florence, whereupon his plans took a turn for the worse. The founder of the Accademia dei Lincei, Prince Cesi, died, meaning Galileo no longer had a patron to cover the cost of publication. At the same time, an outbreak of the plague in Florence meant that Galileo could not longer send manuscripts to Rome for review.Instead, he decided to publish in Florence. <mask> wrote that he nevertheless expected Galileo to make the agreed amendments, after which a licence to publish in Florence or elsewhere could be issued. <mask> now began to vacillate. He knew that the Pope himself had encouraged Galileo to write his work, albeit within certain specified limits. Giovanni Ciampoli favoured publication. Riccardi's cousin was the wife of the Tuscan ambassador in Rome, and the Medici court certainly wanted the book published. At the same time, the Church's 1616 ruling against Copernicanism meant that anything that appeared to argue for it was problematic, and the Jesuit order was determined to oppose Galileo in every way.Uncertain how to proceed, Riccardi delayed for months. Eventually, in March 1631, he agreed that the Dialogue could be published, on condition that he retained the manuscript. As soon as he had finished reading and correcting each page, he would send it to the printer. He still insisted that Galileo would have to rewrite the preface and the conclusion to bring them into line with the Pope's views. In March 1631, Riccardi proposed that instead of Galileo sending him the entire manuscript - impossible because of the risk of it carrying the plague - he should send only the revised preface and conclusion, and the rest would be reviewed by the church authorities in Florence. Eventually the Tuscan ambassador's wife, his cousin, was able to broker an arrangement in April 1631 whereby Riccardi agreed to issue a licence to print, subject to certain written conditions. Eventually, after more angry correspondence from Galileo.Riccardi wrote to Clemente Egidi, the Inquisitor of Florence, summarising the process so far from his point of view, and granting him authority to proceed – either to publish or not – as he thought best, thereby effectively washing his hands of the matter. The printing of the Dialogue was underway in July 1631 and was complete by February 1632. Copies reached Rome in May. At the end of July Riccardi instructed Egidi to collect every copy of the work in Florence, while he set to work gathering all the copies distributed in Rome. Within weeks a Congregation had been formed to examine how the book had ever received a licence to be printed. Riccardi claimed that the only reason he had agreed to this was that Ciampoli had handed him a letter from the Pope commanding him to do (the implication being that Ciampoli had forged it). Urban VIII was furious with Galileo and Ciampoli, but apparently accepted that Riccardi had acted in good faith.Galileo was made to stand trial, Ciampoli was dismissed, but Riccardi managed to hold on to his position. Death Riccardi died of a stroke in Rome on 30 May 1639 and was buried in the church of Santa Maria sopra Minerva. The funeral oration was delivered by Melchior Inchofer, member of the commission revising Galileo’s Dialogue. Works His extant works number twenty. Besides several volumes of sermons for Advent, Lent, and special occasions, his writings treat of Scripture, theology, and history. One of his best-known works is the "History of the Council of Trent" (Rome, 1627). His commentaries treat of all the books of Scripture; two other commentaries treat of the Lord's Prayer and the Canticle of Canticles.References Attribution The entry cites: Quétif-Échard, SS. Ord. Praed., II, 503, 504. 1585 births 1639 deaths Italian Dominicans 17th-century Italian Roman Catholic theologians

Willard Scott

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<mask>. (March 7, 1934 – September 4, 2021) was an American weather presenter, radio and TV personality, actor, narrator, clown, comedian, and author, with a career spanning 65 years. He is best known for his television work on the Today show as weather reporter who also presented a tribute greetings segment for people celebrating their 100th or above birthdays as well as select marriage anniversaries. He was the creator and original portrayer of Ronald McDonald. Early years <mask> was born in Alexandria, Virginia, to parents <mask> and Thelma Phillips on March 7, 1934, and attended George Washington High School. He showed an interest in broadcasting as a 16-year-old, working in 1950 as an NBC page at WRC (AM), NBC's owned-and-operated radio station in Washington, D.C. <mask> then attended American University, where he worked alongside fellow student Ed Walker at WAMU-AM, the university's radio station (1951–1953). <mask> became a member of Alpha Sigma Phi fraternity while at American University and graduated with a Bachelor of Arts degree in philosophy and religion in 1955. He also served in the United States Navy from 1956 to 1958 and was a seaman.Career Joy Boys radio show From 1955 to 1972, <mask> teamed with Ed Walker as co-host of the nightly Joy Boys radio program on NBC-owned WRC radio (this was interrupted from 1956 to 1958 when <mask> served on active duty with the Navy). <mask> routinely sketched a list of characters and a few lead lines setting up a situation, which Walker would commit to memory or make notes on with his Braille typewriter (Walker was blind since birth). In a 1999 article recalling the Joy Boys at the height of their popularity in the mid-1960s, The Washington Post said they "dominated Washington, providing entertainment, companionship, and community to a city on the verge of powerful change". The Joy Boys show played on WRC until 1972 when they moved to cross-town station WWDC for another two years. <mask> wrote in his book, The Joy of Living, of their close professional and personal bond which continued until Walker's death in October 2015, saying that they are "closer than most brothers". Washington, D.C., TV roles <mask> spent the 1960s balancing his radio career with jobs as the host of children's television programs. He appeared on WRC Radio's sister station, WRC-TV, playing characters such as Commander Retro and Bozo the Clown.In 1970, <mask> began appearing on WRC-TV as a weekday weatherman. Ronald McDonald character Another TV role he performed regularly from 1963 to 1966 and occasionally as late as 1971 was Ronald McDonald for the McDonald's franchise in Washington, D.C. <mask> wrote in his book The Joy of Living that he originally created the Ronald McDonald character at the local franchise's request, which had also sponsored the Bozo the Clown show on which he portrayed Bozo. In his book Fast Food Nation, Eric Schlosser claims that McDonald's replaced <mask> on account of his weight, supposedly concerned about McDonald's image. <mask> denied the claims and cited other commitments he had at the time. Brian Thompson, of "Whatever Happened to Pizza at McDonald's" fame, is campaigning to have a statue of <mask> as Ronald McDonald erected to replace a downed Confederate monument. NASA <mask> worked as the narrator for NASA's weekly program called "The Space Story", with his contributions spanning from the Apollo Program to the Space Shuttle. The Today Show <mask> was tapped by NBC in 1980 to become its weatherman for The Today Show, replacing Bob Ryan, who replaced him at WRC-TV until 2010.After being inspired by a viewer request, <mask> began his practice of wishing centenarians a happy birthday on-air in 1983. During the 1980s, <mask> routinely did weather reports on the road, interviewing locals at community festivals and landmarks. He also periodically performed on the program from Washington, D.C., which he still considered his home. In 1989, The Today Show co-host Bryant Gumbel wrote an internal memo critical of the show's personalities, a memo that was later leaked to the media. In the memo, Gumbel said <mask> "holds the show hostage to his assortment of whims, wishes, birthdays and bad taste…This guy is killing us and no one's even trying to rein him in." This garnered enough of a backlash that the next time they appeared on camera together <mask> kissed Gumbel on the cheek to show he'd forgiven him, and also later said he hoped the whole thing would go away. In 1992, <mask>, who was the first incarnation of Ronald McDonald, recorded a commercial for McDonald's arch-rival Burger King.He also was the spokesman for the Days Inn hotel chain, appearing in their commercials from 1993 until 1997. <mask> went into semi-retirement in early 1996 and was succeeded by Al Roker. He continued to appear two days a week on the morning program to wish centenarians a happy birthday (a tradition that continues to the present day). He appeared from the studio lot of WBBH, the NBC affiliate in Fort Myers, Florida. He was also the commercial voice of Smucker's jellies, which sponsored his birthday tributes on Today. <mask> also continued to substitute for Roker for over a decade afterward, an arrangement that mostly ended after NBC acquired The Weather Channel in 2008 and started using that channel's meteorologists as substitutes (Entertainment Studios would later acquire The Weather Channel from NBC Universal in 2018, three years after <mask> retired from television completely). <mask> announced his full retirement from television on December 11, 2015.Today held a tribute to <mask> on his final day (December 15, 2015) featuring taped highlights from his years with the show. The plaza outside Rockefeller Center was renamed <mask> Way in his honor. Several former Today staff came to bid farewell to <mask> including Tom Brokaw, Jane Pauley, Katie Couric, and Gene Shalit along with Barbara Bush. Other TV work <mask> made occasional guest appearances as neighbor "Mr. Poole" on The Hogan Family, where his character was married to Mrs. Poole, played by Edie McClurg. From 1959 to 1962 <mask> portrayed Bozo the Clown in the children's television program on NBC Washington, D.C. affiliate WRC-TV. <mask> also hosted the NBC telecast of the Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade from 1987 to 1997. He was replaced by Matt Lauer in 1998.For several years in the 1980s, <mask> donned a Santa Claus costume for the broadcast of the National Tree-Lighting Ceremony in Washington, D.C. In 1990 and 1992, <mask> also hosted the Pillsbury Bake-Off on CBS (although under contract with CBS' rival NBC). Awards Radio Reissues and Santa Claus In 2001, American University reissued some of the old Joy Boys radio broadcasts of the 1960s on CDs. He also played Santa Claus at various White House events. Writings <mask> published several fiction and non-fiction books: The Joy of Living Down Home Stories <mask>’s All-American Cookbook America Is My Neighborhood The Older the Fiddle, the Better the Tune If I Knew It Was Going to Be This Much Fun, I Would Have Become a Grandparent First He has also co-authored two books with Bill Crider: Murder Under Blue Skies Murder in the Mist He preached a sermon at the 185th anniversary of his home church, First Baptist Church in Alexandria, Virginia, that was published in Best Sermons 2, edited by James W. Cox [Harper & Row, 1989]. Personal life <mask> was married to Mary Dwyer <mask> from 1959 until her death in 2002. The couple had two children, Mary and Sally.On April 1, 2014, at age 80, <mask> married Paris Keena, whom he first met in 1977 while she was working at WRC-TV in Washington, D.C. They had been together as a couple since 2003. They lived on Sanibel Island, Florida. <mask> died of natural causes on September 4, 2021, at the age of 87. Filmography As himself Pillsbury Bake-Off (1990–1992) – Host Walt Disney World 4 July Spectacular (1988) – Himself The New Hollywood Squares (1987) – Himself Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade (1987–1997) – Host The Bob Braun Show (1982) – Himself Today (1980–2015) – Himself As actor Bozo the Clown (1959–1962) – Bozo the Clown Ronald McDonald (1963–1965) The Hogan Family (1987–1989) – Peter Poole References External links 1934 births 2021 deaths 20th-century Baptists 21st-century American comedians 21st-century Baptists American male comedians American male television actors American television personalities American University alumni Baptists from Virginia Male actors from Alexandria, Virginia McDonald's people Military personnel from Virginia NBC News Radio personalities from Washington, D.C. United States Navy sailors Weather presenters

Michael Reilly (quarterback)

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<mask> (born January 25, 1985) is an American former football quarterback player who played in the Canadian Football League (CFL) for 11 seasons. He was the starting quarterback for the Eskimos when they won the 103rd Grey Cup and was named the Grey Cup Most Valuable Player. He was originally signed by the Pittsburgh Steelers as an undrafted free agent in 2009. He played college football at Central Washington. He was named the CFL's Most Outstanding Player in 2017. <mask> has also been a member of the Edmonton Eskimos, Pittsburgh Steelers, Green Bay Packers, St. Louis Rams and Seattle Seahawks. Early years <mask> played three seasons for Kamiakin High School in Kennewick, Washington, before relocating to Kalispell, Montana.As a senior, he set a Flathead High School record with 2,280 yards. He originally signed with NAIA Montana Tech, but chose to walk on at Washington State University before transferring to Central Washington. College career <mask> was a co-runner-up for the Harlon Hill Trophy, which is presented to the nation's top Division II football player, as a senior. He threw a touchdown pass in all 46 games of his college career, giving him the NCAA all-divisions record for consecutive games with a touchdown pass. This record would be tied in 2014 by Marshall's Rakeem Cato. <mask> completed 64 percent of his passes over his four years as a starter for 12,448 yards, 118 touchdowns and only 40 interceptions. After redshirting at Washington State as a 5th-string quarterback, <mask> decided he didn't want to bide his time waiting for playing time.Central Washington offered him a chance to start right away so he transferred. He was the 2008 Great Northwest Athletic Conference Offensive Player of the Year after completing 65.2% of his passes (207 of 414) in 2008 for 3,706 passing with 37 TDs, six INTs and he rushed 103 times for 415 yards (4.0 avg.) with four touchdowns. He was also named First-team All Great NW for his efforts. He was also Third-team Little All-America. In 2007, he started all 13 games and completed 271 of 435 passes (62.3%) for 3,386 yards, 30 touchdowns and 10 interceptions while be named Second-team All-North Central. He also rushed 129 times for 266 yards (2.1 avg.)with three touchdowns. In 2006, he started all 11 games and was 231/351 (65.8%) for 2,660 yards 21 TDs and 12 Ints., rushed 137 times for 272 yards (2.0 avg.) with four touchdowns and was named Second team All-North Central. The year prior, 2005, he started all 10 games and was 223/353 (63.2%) for 2,686 yards 30 TDs and 11 interceptions and rushed 86 times for 310 yards (3.6 avg.) with three touchdowns, while being named First-team All-Great NW. Professional career Pittsburgh Steelers <mask> was eligible to be selected in the 2009 NFL Draft, but went undrafted. He signed a free agent contract with the Pittsburgh Steelers.<mask> completed 10-of-15 for 117 yards during the 2009 preseason, but was waived on September 5, 2009. Green Bay Packers On November 19, 2009, <mask> was signed to the Green Bay Packers practice squad. St. Louis Rams On December 9, 2009, he was signed off the Packers' practice squad by the St. Louis Rams. He was waived on May 4, 2010. Seattle Seahawks <mask> was claimed off waivers by the Seattle Seahawks on May 4, 2010. He was waived on May 18, 2010. BC Lions On July 26, 2010, it was announced that <mask> had signed a practice roster agreement with the BC Lions.On August 26, 2010, <mask> was activated by the Lions and spent the remainder of the year as the third-string quarterback. He dressed for all 18 games in 2011 as the third-string quarterback and shared in the Lions' 99th Grey Cup victory. He got his first pro start on October 19, 2012, against the Edmonton Eskimos due to an injury to Travis Lulay. <mask> completed 19 of 28 throwing attempts for 276 yards with two touchdowns and one interception, leading the Lions to victory of over the Edmonton Eskimos 39–19. The win clinched a first round bye for the BC Lions in the 100th Grey Cup Playoffs. Edmonton Eskimos On January 31, 2013, <mask> was traded to the Edmonton Eskimos by the BC Lions; the trade included the exchange of the clubs' second round picks in the 2013 CFL Draft and the Lions receiving the Eskimos' second round pick in the 2014 CFL Draft. Entering the 2013 CFL season, <mask> was in open competition with Matt Nichols for the starting quarterback job.Nichols tore his ACL in preseason which made <mask> the starting QB for the season. On August 18, 2013, <mask> threw for over 500 yards in a losing cause, the fourth highest performance for yards passing in a single game in the history of the Eskimos football club. In his first season as a full-time starter in the CFL, <mask> threw for 4,207 yards, with 24 touchdowns and 18 interceptions. He also finished 5th in the league in rushing yards with 709. Despite his efforts, the Eskimos struggled all season finishing with a record of 4–14 and missing the playoffs. In the 2014 season, <mask> played in 15 regular season games, leading the Eskimos to the number two seed in the Western Division with a record of 12–6. After defeating the Saskatchewan Roughriders in the Western semi-finals, <mask> and the Eskimos were defeated by the Stampeders 43–18, ending their season.It was revealed after the game that <mask> had been playing with a broken bone in his foot and had been in great pain. The injury had been caused in a previous game during the regular season. <mask>'s third season with Eskimos was once again hampered by injuries, missing 8 games. He played in the first game of the season, and the last 9; winning 8 in a row to finish the season as the first seed in the West Division. <mask> completed 214 of 329 pass attempts for 2,449 yards with 15 touchdowns and 10 interceptions (passer rating of 89.8). On November 29, 2015, the Eskimos won the 103rd Grey Cup with a score of 26–20 over the Ottawa RedBlacks in Winnipeg, Manitoba. After the game, he received the Grey Cup Most Valuable Player award after completing 21-of-35 pass attempts for 269 yards, two touchdowns and no interceptions.On April 14, 2016, the Eskimos announced they had signed <mask> to a contract extension through the 2018 CFL season. The three-year deal is reportedly worth over $400,000 in 2016 and then bumps up to over $500,000 in following seasons. <mask> continued his stellar play in the following three seasons, throwing for over 5,500 yards each season while tossing 88 touchdowns and 43 interceptions. Set to become a free agent in February 2019, <mask> had a workout with the Jacksonville Jaguars in mid-December 2018. Return to BC Lions On February 12, 2019, <mask> became a free agent and subsequently signed a four-year contract with the BC Lions later that day. Despite lofty expectations to start the season the Lions only won one of their first 11 games. <mask> was able to lead the Lions to four consecutive victories pulling the Lions into a playoff race with his former team.However, <mask> suffered a wrist injury early in Week 18 against the Eskimos who would win the match and eliminate the Lions from playoff contention. <mask> underwent surgery in the days following and was declared out for the remainder of the season. In November 2020, <mask> filed a grievance against the BC Lions claiming a portion of his salary was guaranteed, even though the 2020 season was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic. He reached a settlement with the team and subsequently re-signed to a new contract through the 2022 season on December 17, 2020. After beginning the 2021 season with lingering injury issues, <mask> finished the year with 12 starts in 13 games played and passed for a league-leading 3,283 yards. On January 24, 2022, the BC Lions announced that <mask> had retired. Career statistics References External links BC Lions bio Edmonton Eskimos bio Green Bay Packers bio St. Louis Rams bio 1985 births Living people American football quarterbacks BC Lions players Central Washington Wildcats football players Edmonton Elks players Green Bay Packers players People from Kennewick, Washington Pittsburgh Steelers players Players of American football from Washington (state) St. Louis Rams players Seattle Seahawks players Washington State Cougars football players Canadian football quarterbacks American players of Canadian football Canadian Football League Most Outstanding Player Award winners

George W. Crawford

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<mask> (December 22, 1798 – July 27, 1872) was a licensed attorney turned politician from Columbia County, Georgia. <mask> was appointed attorney general for the state in 1827, by Governor John Forsyth, serving in that capacity until 1831. <mask> also served five years in the General Assembly's lower house as a representative of Richmond County on a platform of states' rights. <mask> served in the U.S. House of Representatives, filling the seat vacated by Richard W. Habersham who died while in office. <mask> was elected Georgia's 38th governor – serving two terms from 1843 to 1847. He became the only Whig Party candidate in state history to occupy the Governor's Mansion. <mask> then served as United States Secretary of War from 1849 to 1850.<mask>'s time in President Zachary Taylor's cabinet was marred by speculation regarding a probate claim he settled for <mask>n's heirs. <mask> received a gratuity of substantial remuneration for his services' – <mask>'s political adversaries framed it as the Galphin Affair – marking the end of <mask>'s political aspirations. When President Taylor unexpectedly died while in office, <mask> resigned his position as Secretary of War and entered political retirement. In 1861, however, <mask> was elected a delegate from Richmond County to the state's Secession Convention which brought him out of retirement to answer the call of his constituents. By the convention's first order of business, <mask> was elected Permanent President of the Convention by which he presided over Georgia's decision to secede from the Union and join the Confederate States of America. Early life <mask> <mask> was born on December 22, 1798, in Columbia County, Georgia. He was the fourth son of Peter and Mary Ann <mask>.His father was a veteran of the American Revolutionary War from Virginia who had settled in Georgia to claim a land share, known as a bounty grant, which the state of Georgia had set aside for "those who had fought for independence". <mask> acquired a sizable tract of land that he called Belair Plantation. The homestead was situated close to his uncle, <mask>. Peter's uncle Joel fathered <mask><mask>, soon becoming a politician renowned locally for his political service to the state and for two presidential bids – running in 1816, and then again in 1824. <mask> grew up on the family's estate, heavily influenced by his father, and his cousin <mask> as well. <mask>'s father was a practicing attorney and <mask> availed himself to the well-stocked personal library of his father while homeschooling his education. <mask> also entered Georgia politics himself – beginning as Columbia County's first clerk of courts and becoming a 10-term representative in the state legislature.<mask>'s cousin, <mask><mask>, was also becoming well known for his political service, and was the subject of local legend for two famous duels he had been a principal of. <mask> built on his homeschooling at the College of New Jersey's school of law (later becoming Princeton University). <mask> graduated with a bachelor's degree in 1820, and subsequently completed an internship under the tutelage of Richard Henry <mask>. <mask> was licensed to practice law in 1822, and started a legal practice in Augusta partnering with Henry H. Cumming. He went on to obtain a master's degree from the Franklin College of Arts and Sciences, the founding college of the University of Georgia. After graduating Franklin, <mask> served from 1824 to 1825, as a second lieutenant in the 10th Regiment of the Georgia Militia. In 1826, <mask> married Mary Ann MacIntosh, having four children of the marriage: <mask>, Sarah MacIntosh, Anna Elizabeth, and Charles.<mask><mask> embarked on his political career the following year, accepting a gubernatorial appointment to become Georgia's attorney general. Attorney General of Georgia Governor John Forsyth appointed <mask> to succeed Thomas F<mask> as Georgia's attorney general in 1827. The following year, <mask> challenged Georgia state legislator Thomas E. Burnside, Ambrose Burnside's uncle, to a duel over published defamation Burnside had written about <mask>'s father. The code duello When <mask> read the anonymous letter to the editor published in The Augusta Chronicle he was incensed by the prose – sharply criticizing the political views of his father, then declining in health. <mask> regarded it as an attack on his father's good name. <mask> demanded the newspaper editor give him the author's name but the editor refused, protecting Burnside's identity by telling <mask> the letter was from a woman, and that for this reason, he would not release the person's name. Inexplicably, Burnside contacted <mask> telling him that he was the author.<mask> immediately challenged Burnside to a duel which Burnside accepted, although with reluctance. The code duello was waning in vogue but it was still held as a measure which an honorable man was obliged to endure. Burnside was aspiring his own political career which showed promise of upward mobility. Burnside felt he would be shamed with dishonor if he refused, and in his era, without honor there was no career in politics. Dueling had already been outlawed in Georgia so the two belligerents, with their seconds, traveled together by train to Fort Mitchell, Alabama where the practice was still legal – to finish what by then had become a "well-publicized fight". Burnside seemed to have sensed the duel would not end in his favor, dispatching a letter to his wife on the eve of the fateful encounter:Fort Mitchell, Jan. 24, 1828Dear Wife and Mother:    Tomorrow I fight. I do it on principle.Whatever may be my fate, I believe I am right. On this ground I have acted and will act. I believe I shall succeed, but if I do not I am prepared for consequences. Kiss the children and tell them that if I fall my last thought was of them. Yours most affectionatelyThomas E. Burnside <mask> shot Burnside dead in the infamous duel, prompting the state to pass new legislation; "forbidding persons involved in duels from holding office". The restriction only applied to duels fought after the law was enacted and did not affect <mask>'s career. He continued serving as attorney general until 1831, when he was succeeded by Charles J. Jenkins.Thomas E. Burnside was interred in the private burial ground of Colonel John Crowell, renowned for his participation in the War of 1812. The Colonel lived near the site where the duel had taken place and personally ensured every protocol of respect was accorded at Burnside's burial. Two weeks passed before Mrs. Burnside received word of her husband's demise. It was said that she nearly died herself from distraught upon receiving the news. She moved with her children to Dahlonega, Georgia, residing there until her death. <mask> carried regret for his role in what was called "a deplorable and unfortunate affair". He was known to have made anonymous financial contributions to Burnside's widow and children though he was remembered as saying it made no amends – and for having expressed lament shortly before his own death in 1872.Congressman In 1837, <mask> was elected to the Georgia General Assembly as a member of the House of Representatives for Richmond County. There, <mask> distinguished himself as a fiscal conservative. He was elevated to the United States House of Representatives as a Whig to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Richard W. Habersham. His term there was short, only serving from January 7 to March 3, 1843. Governor of Georgia <mask><mask> was the Whig Party's nominee for governor in 1843. <mask> defeated the Democratic nominee, Mark Anthony Cooper, by a vote of 38,813 to 35,325 succeeding Charles J. McDonald to become the first Whig candidate to serve as Georgia's governor (as of 2019, he remains the only Whig governor). The Whigs won a majority in both houses of the state legislature in 1843, as well.<mask> was reelected in 1845, defeating Democratic challenger Matthew H. McAllister by a margin of 1,751 votes. With the legislature's support, <mask> was able to effect the Whig's agenda which focused on debt reduction and fiscal restraint. <mask>'s administration was able to reduce expenditures more than $66,000 in its first year and nearly eliminate the state's debt of $500,000 before being succeeded by <mask>. Towns. Besides implementing sound budget policy, <mask> was able to expand educational opportunities in the state and hasten construction of the state-owned Western and Atlantic Railroad. <mask>'s administration established the Supreme Court of Georgia as well, which had failed to be institutionalized for decades of previous effort. He redrew the state's congressional maps, and reformed the state penitentiary – making it "a more economically sound institution". <mask> also succeeded at dismantling the Georgia Central Bank, an important Whig campaign endeavor for years.Secretary of War When General Zachary Taylor became President of the United States in 1849, he appointed <mask> United States Secretary of War. As War Secretary, he was involved in settling a claim from the United States government for the Galphin family, descendants of <mask>n, an American businessman who specialized in Indian Trade. <mask> received a large payment for his services and several of his political foes seized upon the opportunity to suggest impropriety. <mask> was subsequently investigated by a commission and completely exonerated of any wrongdoing yet his critics continued casting aspersions. When Millard Fillmore became president after Taylor's sudden death while in office in 1850, <mask> resigned along with the rest of the Taylor administration, rather than work for Millard Fillmore. Georgia Secession Convention In 1861, <mask> was elected as a delegate from Richmond County, Georgia to the state's Secession Convention. The delegation elected <mask> president of the convention by a unanimous vote and he oversaw the state's vote of secession.As the convention's president, <mask> is considered the author of Georgia's Ordinance of Secession, the official document announcing the state's formal intent to secede the federal Union – originally as an independent republic, ultimately to join the Confederate States of America. The delegation approved the ordinance January 19, 1861, with 208 voting in favor of secession and 89 opposed. The delegates signed the document in celebratory fashion two days later in the public square in front of the statehouse in Milledgeville where the convention was assembled. <mask> survived to witness the consequences of enacting the ordinance, lamenting its cost in the shed blood of Georgia citizens rallied by the convention's call. <mask> was to be tried for inciting a rebellion due to his role in presiding over the state's secession and was excluded from eligibility for both Lincoln's and Johnson's amnesty proclamations because of his leadership status. <mask> escaped the harsh consequences of an adjudication of guilt in 1865, when Johnson approved his direct application for amnesty thereby restoring <mask> as a citizen of the United States in good stead – with full protection of his person and property against all forms of reprisal. Death and legacy <mask> died on July 27, 1872, at his Belair estate, located near Augusta, Georgia.His funeral was held in St. Paul's Episcopal Church and he was buried in Summerville Cemetery located in Augusta. On November 16, 1943, the keel was laid for the SS George Walker Crawford, a liberty ship built by the J.A. Jones Construction Company in Brunswick, Georgia honoring <mask> for his service to the state of Georgia. The ship was launched January 1, 1944, and delivered into federal service January 13, 1944. <mask>'s biographer Len Cleveland said that in researching his material he observed that "<mask>'s entire political career was motivated by a traditional sense of duty rather than by deep political convictions". Robert Toombs spoke well of <mask>, Saying, "There are but few abler and no purer men in America, and he has administrative qualities of an unusually high order." See also List of signers of the Georgia Ordinance of Secession Confederate States of America, causes of secession "Died of states' rights" References External links <mask><mask> at The New Georgia Encyclopedia "Death of Ex-Governor <mask>", Federal Union (Milledgeville), August 7, 1872.From the Milledgeville Historic Newspapers Archive, Digital Library of Georgia. |- |- |- |- 1798 births 1872 deaths American slave owners Members of the Georgia House of Representatives Governors of Georgia (U.S. state) Members of the United States House of Representatives from Georgia (U.S. state) United States Secretaries of War Georgia (U.S. state) Attorneys General Georgia (U.S. state) lawyers American duellists Georgia (U.S. state) Whigs Taylor administration cabinet members Whig Party state governors of the United States Signers of the Georgia Ordinance of Secession Whig Party members of the United States House of Representatives 19th-century American politicians Politicians from Augusta, Georgia

Domonic Brown

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<mask> (born September 3, 1987), is an American former professional baseball outfielder. He made his Major League Baseball (MLB) debut with the Philadelphia Phillies in , after being named the Phillies' top prospect in and the top prospect in all of MLB, in 2010 by Baseball America. Professional career Minor leagues 2006–2007 <mask> was selected by the Phillies in the 20th round of the 2006 Major League Baseball Draft out of Redan High School in Stone Mountain, Georgia. Since he moved to the Atlanta area from Pasco High School in Dade City, Florida, <mask> had "fallen off some teams' radars" prior to the draft. He participated in a private batting session with Phillies representatives at a local park, and after making one adjustment to his swing, scouting director Marti Wolever "couldn't believe what [they] were seeing". <mask> planned to attend the University of Miami to play wide receiver for the Hurricanes, but the Phillies offered him a $200,000 signing bonus to choose baseball instead. After the draft, <mask> was assigned to the Phillies' Gulf Coast League (GCL) affiliate, where he batted .214 and collected one home run, seven runs batted in (RBI), and thirteen stolen bases—which tied him for the team lead with Adrian Cardenas—during the 2006 season.For 2007, he earned a promotion to the Williamsport Crosscutters of the New York – Penn League. He played in 74 games with Williamsport, batting in 39 runs and collecting 21 extra-base hits. His 27 walks were second on the team, and his .295 batting average was the team's best among players with more than 10 appearances. On defense, he played in the most games for the team in both center field and right field. His performance allowed him a late promotion to the advanced-A Clearwater Threshers, where he batted .444 with one home run and seven RBI in eleven plate appearances. 2008–2009 In 2008, <mask> played the entire season with the Phillies' A-level affiliate, the Lakewood BlueClaws. In 591 plate appearances (second on the team), <mask> collected a .291 batting average, 54 RBI, 23 doubles, and 9 home runs.He played 69 games in center field and 59 in right, amassing 208 putouts, 12 outfield assists, and participating in 4 double plays. Before the 2009 season, Baseball America ranked <mask> the 48th-best prospect in the country, as well as the top prospect in the Phillies' farm system. He played at three levels during the 2009 season, spending most of the season with Clearwater. He batted .303/.386/.517 for the Threshers, notching 12 doubles, 11 home runs, and 44 RBI in 66 games played. His batting average was tied for second-highest on the team, and his 11 home runs were tied for the third-highest total. He played in 65 of his 66 games in right field, making nine assists and five errors. After promotion to the Double-A Reading Phillies, <mask> batted .279 with 20 RBI and 8 stolen bases; he also hit three home runs and four triples (tied for the team lead).Including a short stint with the GCL Phillies, <mask> accumulated a .299 batting average for the year, along with a .377 on-base percentage and a .504 slugging percentage. His 14 home runs were the most in a single season in his minor league career to that point, as were his 44 extra-base hits. After the season, <mask>'s name was included in trade rumors related to pitcher Roy Halladay; however, the Phillies refused to part with him, including outfield prospect Michael Taylor instead. 2010 <mask> was invited to Major League spring training in 2010, during which MLB.com, Major League Baseball's official website, ranked him the 14th-best prospect in the minor leagues. In a game against the Tigers, he hit two home runs—one against Justin Verlander—and added a bases-loaded infield single to collect a third RBI. Of his home run against Verlander, shortstop Jimmy Rollins said, "That was legit. Big league stuff.(Phillies manager Charlie Manuel) was there that morning trying to teach him how to get to his power." First baseman Ryan Howard nicknamed <mask> the "Total Package", noting that "I've seen him take batting practice" and that "[he's] got pop to all fields". The game was his last in Major League camp, as he was sent down after its completion. Though it was speculated that he would begin the year with the Triple-A Lehigh Valley IronPigs, he was assigned to Reading for the start of the 2010 season, where he batted .333 in his first seven games. He drove in one of two runs for the Double-A club on an RBI triple to back Phillippe Aumont's no-hit bid on April 25. He was promoted to the IronPigs on June 25, after he batted .318 with 16 doubles, 3 triples, 15 homers, 47 RBI, and 12 stolen bases in 65 games. Chuck LaMar, the Phillies' assistant general manager, said that <mask> "is just now starting to scratch the surface on his ceiling as a potential Major League player", praising his hand–eye coordination and his power.He batted .405 in his first 12 games in Triple-A, hitting four home runs and batting in eleven. At midseason, <mask> was selected to represent the United States in the 2010 All-Star Futures Game. He started for the U.S. team, but left in the first inning after experiencing tightness in his hamstring muscle running from the batter's box on an infield single. <mask> was expected to return to the Lehigh Valley lineup after the All-Star break. Through July 27, he batted .327 with 20 home runs and 68 RBI between Reading and Lehigh Valley. Philadelphia Phillies <mask> was called up to the Phillies on July 28, 2010, after Shane Victorino was placed on the disabled list. He made his debut that night against the Arizona Diamondbacks, playing right field and batting sixth.He hit an RBI double in his first at-bat, scoring Jayson Werth, and scored his first run on a fielder's choice by Wilson Valdez. He notched his second hit with a single in his third at-bat, scoring again on a double by Carlos Ruiz. He batted in Raúl Ibañez with a sacrifice fly in the bottom of the seventh inning for his second career RBI, finishing with two hits in three official at-bats. <mask> received a standing ovation from the crowd prior to his first plate appearance; he later said that the experience "was great" and that he "wasn't thinking about that at all". On August 10, <mask> hit his first home run in a game against the Los Angeles Dodgers. 2011 <mask> entered the 2011 season as the number four prospect in baseball. During spring training, <mask> broke his right hamate bone and had surgery to remove the fractured hook.He was sent down to the Lehigh Valley IronPigs, the Phillies Triple-A minor league affiliate, on July 29, 2011, to open a roster spot for Hunter Pence. He would bat .261 in 41 games with 3 home runs and 15 RBIs total that season. <mask> was called back up to the Phillies' expanded roster in September, but only appeared twice. He was not on the Phillies playoff roster. 2012 <mask>'s 2012 season saw him play 56 games in the majors and 60 games in the minors for Philadelphia's Triple-A affiliate, the Lehigh Valley IronPigs (batting .286 with 5 HRs and 28 RBIs). He hit .235 with 5 homers and 26 runs driven in during his stint with the Major League club. He started the season off in the Triple-A minor leagues, as General Manager Ruben Amaro wanted <mask> to get regular playing time, rather than spotty and unpredictable playing time.He was called up to the majors in July, but did not play too well, hitting .235. <mask> suffered from several injuries in 2012, including right knee inflammation and a left hamstring injury. <mask> injured his right knee while running backward to make a catch; he played on the knee for a few weeks before an MRI revealed a knee strain. He returned with a knee brace, but soon after injured his left knee since he put too much weight on it to compensate for his right knee's weakness. <mask>'s play was considered mediocre by many. Ryan Dinger of Phillies Nation commented that <mask> "showed flashes of being the player everyone thinks he can be", but that "he was also plagued by long stretches of ineffectiveness". 2013 Going into his age-25 season in 2013, <mask> was slated to be the Phillies' starting left fielder after impressing in spring training.He won his first National League Player of the Week award from May 20 to 26. Then, he hit six home runs over the course of five games, two of which were in one game on May 29 against the Red Sox, and two of which were hit in one game again two days later on May 31 against the Brewers. <mask> won his second consecutive NL player of the week after he hit 7 home runs and knocked in 13 runs during the week May 27 to June 2. He was also awarded NL player of the month for May as he clubbed 12 home runs during the month. <mask> finished the season batting .272/.324/.494, with 27 home runs, and 83 RBI. He was selected as a reserve for the 2013 All-Star Game. 2014 Sporting News rated <mask> the worst defensive left fielder in the major leagues after three blatant blunders during June.He appeared in a career-high 144 games in 2014, batting .235 with 10 home runs and 63 RBI. 2015 <mask> moved back to his natural position, right field, for the 2015 season. He also sought to build on some momentum he built late in the season in an effort to live up to his perceived potential. On October 19, 2015, <mask> was outrighted off of Philadelphia's 40-man roster. He ended the season with a .228 batting average, 5 home runs and 25 RBI in 63 games played. Toronto Blue Jays On February 25, 2016, <mask> signed a minor league contract with the Toronto Blue Jays that included an invitation to spring training. Colorado Rockies On January 31, 2017, <mask> signed a minor league deal with the Colorado Rockies organization.He was released on July 19, 2017. Mexican League On March 3, 2018, <mask> signed with the Sultanes de Monterrey of the Mexican League. He was released on April 29. On June 26, 2018, he signed with the Tecolotes de los Dos Laredos, with whom he batted .295/.366/.570. On July 3, 2020, <mask> was released by the Tecolotes. References External links 1987 births Living people African-American baseball players Águilas Cibaeñas players American expatriate baseball players in the Dominican Republic American expatriate baseball players in Mexico Baseball players from Florida Buffalo Bisons (minor league) players Clearwater Threshers players Florida Complex League Phillies players Honolulu Sharks players Lakewood BlueClaws players Lehigh Valley IronPigs players Leones del Escogido players Major League Baseball left fielders Major League Baseball right fielders Mexican League baseball left fielders Mexican League baseball right fielders Naranjeros de Hermosillo players National League All-Stars People from Stone Mountain, Georgia People from Zephyrhills, Florida Philadelphia Phillies players Reading Phillies players Scottsdale Scorpions players Sportspeople from DeKalb County, Georgia Sportspeople from the Tampa Bay Area Sultanes de Monterrey players Tecolotes de los Dos Laredos players Williamsport Crosscutters players Pasco High School (Florida) alumni 21st-century African-American sportspeople 20th-century African-American people

Shabba Ranks

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<mask> (born Rexton Rawlston Fernando Gordon; 17 January 1966) is a Jamaican dancehall musician. In the late 1980s and early 1990s, he was one of the most popular Jamaican musicians in the world. Throughout his prominence in his home country as a dancehall artist, he gained popularity in North America with his studio album, Just Reality, in 1990. He released two studio albums, As Raw as Ever and X-tra Naked, which both won a Grammy Award as Best Reggae Album in 1992 and 1993, respectively. He is notoriously popular for "Mr. Loverman" and "Ting-A-Ling", which were globally acclaimed and deemed his signature songs. Early life and family <mask> was born in Sturgetown, St. Ann, Jamaica, and raised in Seaview Gardens, Kingston. He and his wife, Michelle, have two sons Rexton Jr and Jahwon.He currently resides in the New York City area. His father, Ivan Gordon, was a mason who died in 1990. His mother, Constance "Mama Christie" Christie, remained in Seaview after Shabba's success, feeding the community with money sent from her son after his emigration. She was the subject of the 2015 hit song Shabba Madda Pot from dancehall artist Dexta Daps. Career He gained his fame mainly by toasting (or rapping) rather than singing, like some of his dancehall contemporaries in Jamaica. He was a protégé of deejay Josey Wales. His original stage name was Co-Pilot.His international career started in the late 1980s, along with a number of fellow Jamaicans including reggae singers Cocoa Tea and Crystal. Ranks also worked with Chuck Berry and American rappers KRS-One and Chubb Rock. He secured a recording contract with Epic Records in 1989. The stylistic origins of the genre reggaeton can be traced back to the 1990 song "Dem Bow", from Ranks' album Just Reality. Produced by Bobby "Digital" Dixon, the Dem Bow riddim became so popular in Puerto Rican freestyle sessions that early Puerto Rican reggaeton was simply known as "Dembow". The Dem Bow riddim is an integral and inseparable part of reggaeton, so much so that it has become its defining characteristic. His biggest hit single outside of Jamaica was the reggae fusion smash "Mr. Loverman".Other big tracks include "Housecall" with Maxi Priest, "Slow and Sexy" with Johnny Gill, "Respect", "Pirates Anthem", "Trailer Load A Girls", "Wicked inna Bed", "Caan Dun", and "Ting A Ling". He won the Grammy Award for Best Reggae Album in 1992 for As Raw as Ever and in 1993 for X-tra Naked. In 1993, Ranks scored another hit in the Addams Family Values soundtrack to which he contributed a rap/reggae version of the Sly and the Family Stone hit "Family Affair". His third album for Epic, A Mi Shabba, was released in 1995. He was dropped by the label in 1996. Epic went on to release a greatest hits album, entitled Shabba Ranks and Friends in 1999. Ranks made a partial comeback in 2007 when he appeared on a song called "Clear The Air" by Busta Rhymes, which also featured Akon.<mask> released a single on Big Ship's Pepper Riddim called "None A Dem", in April 2011. In 2012, <mask> was featured on Tech N9ne's EP E.B.A.H. on the track "Boy Toy". In 2013, <mask> was also mentioned in A$AP Ferg's song "Shabba," and has a cameo near the end of the music video. He was featured in the remix alongside Migos and Busta Rhymes on 23 November 2013. In August 2013, he was reportedly working on a new album. Controversy In 1992, during an appearance on Channel 4 music show The Word, he was asked to give his thoughts on the subject of the hit song, "Boom Bye Bye", by Buju Banton.<mask> held a copy of a Bible which he carried with him and stated that the "word of God" advocated the "crucifixion of homosexuals". He also alluded that he advocates the progression of the Jamaican people and freedom of speech but did not conclude that being against homosexuality would be in question of exclusion, according to bible laws. He was condemned for his comments by presenter Mark Lamarr, who said, "That's absolute crap and you know it." Following these comments, <mask> was dropped from a Bobby Brown concert as a performer and faced altercations with his label, Sony Music. Ranks subsequently apologized, after realizing that his comments might advocate "the killing of gays and lesbians and any human being in retrospect". Awards Discography Albums 1988 Rough & Rugged – split with Chaka Demus 1988 (CD:1990) Rappin' with the Ladies 1989 Best Baby Father 1989 Holding On – by Home T, Cocoa Tea & Shabba Ranks 1990 Just Reality 1990 Golden Touch 1991 As Raw as Ever – UK Number 51 1991 Mr. 4: Shabba at Showdown (DVD) 1987 Prince Jammy References External links [ Shabba Ranks biography at the AMG website] Shabba Ranks at Rolling stone.com 1966 births Living people People from Saint Ann Parish Jamaican reggae musicians Jamaican expatriates in the United States Jamaican dancehall musicians Reggae fusion artists Ragga musicians Grammy Award winners Epic Records artists Greensleeves Records artists

Meda Chesney-Lind

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<mask> is a feminist criminologist and an advocate for girls and women who come in contact with the criminal justice system. She works to find alternatives to women's incarceration and she is an advocate for humanitarian solutions to crime and criminal justice problems in Hawaii. Chesney-Lind is concerned about the treatment of youth and women in the criminal justice system. Specifically, she focuses on and teaches courses on girls' delinquency and women's crime, issues of girls' programming and women's imprisonment, youth gangs, the sociology of gender, and the victimization of women and girls. She has spent more than two decades attempting to develop a better correctional system in Hawaii through publishing countless newspaper articles, books, and journal articles, as well as working with community-based agencies and giving talks to local organizations and legislators. She has also been credited with helping to direct national attention to services for delinquent girls. Chesney-Lind received her B.A.in 1969 from Whitman College and both her M.A. (1971) and P.h.D. (1977) from the University of Hawaii at Honolulu. She is adjunct professor at the University of Illinois at Chicago, professor and director of the Women's Studies Program at the University of Hawaii at Mānoa, and a senior research fellow at Portland State University. She is a leading scholar in feminist criminology. Research projects and grants Chesney-Lind has received well over one million dollars in grants to fund research projects and initiatives which she was a part of, many times as the principal investigator. Grants she has received have ranged from $6,000-$422,121.She was the principal investigator for Hawaii's Youth Gang Response Evaluation (YGRE). For this project Chesney-Lind received well over $700,000 in installments between 1992 and 2005 for the ongoing evaluation of the YGRE and continual interviews and analysis with current youth gang members, research on the self-reported delinquency and gang membership of youth at risk in Hawaii. This initiative also funded the assessment of key programs within the youth gang responsive system. She also received a contract for a three-year pilot project (2003–2004) for which she was granted almost $40,000 to provide evaluation services to the Family Drug Court (first circuit) in the state of Hawaii. Dr. <mask> Chesney-Lind's most recent research grant ($15,000) has been to provide evaluation services to the Family Court's (first circuit) pilot project of developing a "girls' court" in 2005-2006. This court will address female delinquents with a history of offending on the island of Oahu, Hawaii. Awards <mask> Chesney-Lind has been awarded the University of Hawaii Board Of Regents' Medal for Excellence in Research.In 1996, the American Society of Criminology name her a Fellow. She has also received national and international awards including the Academy of Criminal Justice Sciences' Bruce Smith, Sr. Award, the Distinguished Scholar Award from the Women and Crime Division of the American Society of Criminology, the Major Achievement Award from the Division of Critical Criminology, the Herbert Block Award for service to the society and the profession from the American Society of Criminology, and the Donald Cressey Award from the National Council on Crime and Delinquency in 1997 for her outstanding academic contribution to the field of criminology. Published works Book synopsis - The Female Offender: Girls, Women and Crime - In this book Meda Chesney-Lind and Lisa Pasko focus on and try to give the reader an understanding the lives of girl and women offenders and show how poverty, sexism and racism haunt their lives. The authors' goal is to help make the plight of women and girl offenders visible because, as the authors argue, in society's neglect of girls and women: "we begin to deny our own humanity and the humanity of those we imprison". The book highlights how theories and research on crime and delinquency have historically ignored women and girls and that they were forgotten altogether during the second wave of feminism. Women and girls were an afterthought of a system designed for men. The authors explain that more recent research has shown how women's and girls' victimization narrows their choices and provide the background for their entrance into unemployment, prostitution or survival sex, drug use and abuse, homelessness and other criminal acts.The authors explain that girls' pathways to crime are further affected by the gendered nature of society. The authors also discuss the increased rates of women's and girls' imprisonment in the 21st century, and ask: "What led these women into criminal behaviour? Are today's women more violent than their counterparts in the past decades? How could such a change in public policy towards women (that led to their increased imprisonment) have happened with so little fanfare?" They explain that society must stop punishing girls and women based on myths bolstered by bad information and instead seek recourse in the real causes of their offending. As well, the lack of civil rights guaranteed to youth makes their arrest possible and normal, in the case of girls, even when they are fleeing horrific situations. Chesney-Lind and Pasko explain that the answer to the last question, how could the dramatic increase in the prison population of women, lies in the societal anxiety that surrounds women and girl offenders.Furthermore, because the majority of people are arrested and imprisoned are poor and therefore without a voice and the authors argue to counter these challenges we must focus attention on girls and women offender, engage them as persons, listen to their story and ultimately turn the prisoner into a person. The authors claim that to fix these problems we could choose not to imprison marginalized girls and women, as we often do for white women and girls. They posit this would be unlikely to cause a surge in crime as most women and girls are in need of training, education and support, not punishment. They also suggest society should work to strengthen the bond between women, their communities and their children. The authors support their claims by showing that the increased imprisonment of women is not a result of new crimes and that decreases in the prison population would not only save taxpayers money but could be achieved through policy changes. The authors end the book by explaining that if society can begin to stop relying on imprisonment for women we can begin to consider this approach for men as well. They explain that the majority of male offenders are also marginalized by racism and poverty and furthermore, that they are the brothers, fathers and sons of marginalized women.Article synopsis - "What About the Girls: Delinquency and Programming as if Gender Mattered". In this article <mask> Chesney-Lind discusses some of the problems with programming for girls who come in contact with the criminal justice system. She posits that despite increased arrests of young girls, they are almost always invisible when the delinquency problem is discussed and largely forgotten when programs for delinquents are designed. In this article Chesney-Lind argues: (1) that girls in the justice system and invisible in terms of programming and that their risk factors differ than boys; (2) that programming is often based on a one issue at a time approach which ignores the interrelatedness of girls' problems; (3) that girls are triply marginalized, by their age, race and class, structural inequalities and institutional racism and programs must therefore empower and advocate for meaningful changes and (4) that although statistics show an increase in girls violence, often resulting in more punitive sanctions, this is not the case as girl violence has simply been historically ignored. The claims made by Chesney-Lind are conceptual. Her claims relate to notions and ideas about girls and programming. However, they would not have come about without earlier empirical studies and research from which her claims developed.For example, her claim that girls are triply marginalized and that programming must empower and advocate for meaningful change would not have developed as such without an analysis of the empirical studies that claim girls' violence is increasing. As well, her claim that girls' in the justice system are invisible in terms of programming would not have been possible without the empirical research that showed statistically that girls lack programs designed specifically for them. The evidence, both empirical and conceptual, Chesney-Lind supplies supports her claims. She draws from a wide variety of sources to show that girls are forgotten when programs for delinquents are crafted. As well, her argument that girls are almost always invisible when delinquency is discussed is supported by evidence that shows girls' violence/offending has been historically ignored as well as the development of programs that address issues one at a time. This approach is not conducive to the interrelatedness of girls' problems. Furthermore, focusing on risk factors such as substance and drug abuse would be more suited for boys than girls whose risk factors are more internalizing.Article synopsis - "From Invisible to Incorrigible: The Demonization of Marginalized Women and Girls". In this article Chesney-Lind and Eliason discuss the ways in which popular culture (media, books, movies etc.) as well as academic discourses have aided in the demonization of adult lesbians and adolescent girls. The authors explore how and why some feminist scholars have either ignored or contributed to the criminalizing of behaviours that are considered non-feminine. The authors argue that a backlash against women's progress has led to the vilification of females who show signs of masculinity and while popular culture often depicts women offenders as masculinised or sexualized white women that the backlash actually affects women of colour, poor women and lesbian/bisexual women. The authors explain that 'bad girls', that is, those girls whom the feminist movement has encouraged to seek, not only equality in the social realm, but also equality in the male world of crime. Girls are viewed as masculinised monsters and it is believed they commit crimes for the same reasons as men.Following this line of reasoning, theories of violence and crime do not need to include gender specific ideology but instead can simply apply male theories to women and girls. However, simply because a few girls and women behave in aggressive, violent, abusive or mean ways does not devalue gender-based theories of crime, aggression and violence. Furthermore, girls, women and even boys and men take in conflicting messages embedded in culture. They grow up in a world that accepts and valorizes male violence. The authors support this claim by explaining that because masculinity is equated with power, girls and women may seek to gain power, control and respect by acting out in violent, masculine ways. However, they often commit horizontal violence, that is, their crimes are not committed against the males who threaten them but instead commit crimes against members of their own group, other marginalized girls, and women. In the case of lesbians, crimes are often against other lesbians or their partner.The authors also argue that the masculinised construction of women and girl offenders serves solely to increase punitive sanctions against these groups and sends a message to all women: if you deviate from the feminine norm you may be arrested and incarcerated. They support this claim by pointing out that most evidence shows that women are not committing more violent acts and instead evidence shows that certain groups of women are being constructed in popular culture as masculine and violent. They highlight this through describing various analyses of the 2003 film Monster. The authors also claim that the media and criminal justice system play an important role in controlling women through the masculinisation and demonization of a few women. This construction casts these groups out of the protective sphere of femininity while the criminal justice system moves in to process and punish them. The authors suggest that female violence does not disprove gender-based theories of violence and that more studies of women and girls violence are needed that do not equate masculinity or femininity as individual attributes. Lastly, Chesney-Lind and Eliason posit that until male and female aggression is understood, not only in the context of patriarchy which oppresses both sexes but also within the social systems of racism, heterosexism and classism, increases in arrest rates, incarceration and the execution of masculinised women will continue.Bibliography (partial) Bowker, L.H., (1978). Women, crime and the criminal justice system. Lexington, Mass. : Lexington Books. (Contributions by <mask> Chesney-Lind and Joy Pollock). Brown, L.M., Chesney-Lind, M. & Stein, N., (2007). Patriarchy matters: Toward a gendered theory of teen violence and victimization.Violence Against Women. 13, 1249-1273. Chesney-Lind, M., (1997). The female offender: Girls, women and crime. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications. Chesney-Lind, <mask> and Nikki Jones (eds).(2010). Fighting for Girls: Critical Perspectives on Gender and Violence.Albany, NY: SUNY Press. In press. Chesney-Lind, <mask>, (2006). Patriarchy, crime, justice: Feminist criminology in an era of backlash. Feminist Criminology. 1(1), 6-26. Chesney-Lind, M., (2007).Beyond bad girls: Feminist perspectives on female offending in The Blackwell companion to criminology (Sumner, C. & Chambliss, W.J., eds). Malden: Blackwell Publishing. Chesney-Lind, M. & Eliason, M., (2006). From invisible to incorrigible: The demonization of marginalized women and girls. Crime, Media, Culture. 2(1), 29-47. Chesney-Lind, M. & Hagedorn, J.M., (eds.)(1998). Female gangs in America: Essays on gender, and gangs. Lakeview Press. Chesney-Lind, M. & Irwin, K., (2008). Beyond bad girls: Gender, violence and hype. New York: Rutledge. Chesney-Lind, M., Morash, M. & Irwin, K., (2007).Policing girlhood? Relational aggression and violence prevention. Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice. 5(3), 328-345. Chesney-Lind, M., Morash, M. & Stevens, T., (2008). Girls' troubles, girls' delinquency, and gender responsive programming: A review. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Criminology.41 (1), 162-189. Chesney-Lind, M. & Pasko, L. (eds. ), (2004a). Girls, women and crime: Selected readings. Thousand Oaks, Calif.: Sage Publications. Chesney-Lind, M. & Pasko, L., (2004b).The female offender: Girls, women and crime (2nd ed.) Thousand Oaks, Calif.: Sage Publications. Chesney-Lind, M. & Shelden, R.G., (1998). Girls, delinquency, and juvenile justice (2nd ed.). Belmont, CA: West/Wadsworth. Davidson, S., (ed. ), (1982).Justice for young women: Close-up on critical issues. Tucson, Arizona: New Directions for Young Women, inc. (Introduction by <mask> Chesney-Lind). Gavazzi, S.M., Yarcheck, C.M. & Chesney-Lind, M., (2006). Global risk indicators and the role of gender in a juvenile detention sample. Criminal Justice and Behaviour. 33(5), 597-612.Mauer, M. & Chesney-Lind, M., (eds.) (2002). Invisible Punishment: The collateral consequences of mass imprisonment. New York: New Press. References 1947 births Living people American criminologists Women criminologists University of Hawaiʻi alumni University of Hawaiʻi faculty Whitman College alumni

Brooke Hart

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<mask> (June 11, 1911 – November 9, 1933) was the eldest son of <mask>, the owner of the L. Hart & Son department store in downtown San Jose, California, United States. His kidnapping and murder were heavily publicized, and the subsequent lynching of his alleged murderers, Thomas Harold Thurmond and John M. Holmes, sparked widespread political debate. The lynchings were carried out by a mob of San Jose citizens in St. James Park across from the Santa Clara County Jail, and were broadcast as a "live" event by a Los Angeles radio station. The killings of the suspects were tacitly endorsed by Governor James Rolph Jr., who said he would pardon anyone convicted of the lynching. Scores of reporters, photographers, and newsreel camera operators, along with an estimated 3,000 to 10,000 men, women, and children, were witness to it. When newspapers published photos, identifiable faces were deliberately smudged so that they remained anonymous; the following Monday, local newspapers published 1.2 million copies, twice the normal daily production. This incident is sometimes referred to as "the last lynching in California", although Clyde Johnson was lynched near Yreka in August 1935, and the last true California lynching is said to have occurred on January 6, 1947, in Callahan, but the name of the victim has never been released and the event cannot be confirmed in any printed news publications.Background In 1933, 22-year-old <mask> was the heir to one of San Jose, California's best-known businesses, the L. Hart & Son department store, located at the southeast corner of Market and Santa Clara Street. <mask>'s grandfather and the store's namesake, <mask>, was an Alsatian immigrant who bought a mercantile shop known as the Cash Corner store in 1866. After Leopold's son, Alex J<mask> Sr. (known as A.J.) took over the business, it expanded to the landmark status it held in San Jose for four decades – becoming as much a part of the fabric of the city as Macy's was in New York City or Neiman Marcus was in Dallas. The Hart store was famous for its attentive customer service, and benefited from the deep loyalty of customers and employees alike. When the country found itself in the grip of the Great Depression, Hart's held onto its central place in the lives of San Jose's citizens, and continued to buy advertising in local publications. The <mask> family was one of the city's most prominent, and their influence was the source of many colorful stories: one such tale recounts that the artist who repainted the ceiling of Cathedral Basilica of St. Joseph in the 1920s modeled the cherubs in his work on the family's children.<mask> had worked in his family's department store during much of his youth and was well-known and liked by the local community. After he graduated from Santa Clara University, his father, A.J., made him a junior vice president and began grooming him to take over when A.J. retired. Disappearance Just before 6:00 p.m. on Thursday, November 9, 1933, <mask> retrieved his 1933 Studebaker President roadster, a graduation present from his parents, from a downtown San Jose parking lot behind the department store. He had agreed to chauffeur his father, A.J., who did not drive, to a meeting of the Chamber of Commerce at the San Jose Country Club. When <mask> did not turn up to collect his father, A.J. became concerned.As hours passed and there remained no sign of <mask>, the <mask> family's anxiety grew; <mask> was responsible and punctual, and his absence was entirely out of character. A.J. confessed his worry to Perry Belshaw, the manager of the San Jose Country Club, during dinner; after <mask>'s friend phoned to say the younger <mask> had missed an appointment at 8:00 p.m., A.J. called the police to determine if his son had been involved in an accident. According to the parking lot attendant, <mask> had left the lot heading east on Santa Clara Avenue at 6:05 p.m.; he was later spotted around 6:30 p.m. by a Hart store employee at Santa Clara and Fourteenth. Finally, a rancher in Milpitas, seven miles north of San Jose, saw a man matching <mask>'s description standing alone next to an automobile on Evans Lane at approximately 7 p.m.; when the rancher returned, he saw the car still parked there at approximately 8:30 p.m. with no one else present. Ransom demands At 9:30 that night, Aleese <mask>, the older of <mask>'s two younger sisters, answered the telephone at the family home and was informed by a "soft-spoken man" that <mask> had been kidnapped and that instructions for his return would be provided later.At 10:30, what sounded like the same man called and informed the other sister, Miriam, that her brother would be returned upon payment of . Delivery instructions would be provided the next day. According to phone company records, the kidnappers had tried to reach the <mask> home three times but the line was busy before they were finally connected. Belshaw lived near the site where the Studebaker had been parked and reported the abandoned car in Milpitas to the police at 11 p.m.; it was positively identified as <mask>'s. The San Jose Police Department, the Santa Clara County Sheriff's Office, and the U.S. Division of Investigation (the forerunner of the FBI) were quickly brought into the case. The phone calls were traced to locations in San Francisco; the call that connected was traced to the Whitcomb Hotel. However, the search initially focused on the hilly region surrounding Calaveras Dam and the city of Oakland; the call's origin was thought to be a decoy action.<mask>'s wallet was discovered in San Francisco on the guard rail of the tanker Midway, which had been refueling the Matson Lines passenger liner when both ships were docked at Pier 32 from midnight to 5 a.m. It was assumed the wallet had been tossed from a porthole on the liner. Lurline was stopped and searched in Los Angeles when it arrived there on its way to Honolulu on November 11, but nothing was found. Police then advanced an alternative theory: since Pier 32, from which Lurline had departed, was close to the sewer outfall, the heavily laden tanker might have dipped below the surface and picked up the wallet from where it had been discharged from the sewer, lifting it from the bay once a sufficient amount of fuel had been offloaded. One of the passengers detained during the three-hour search was Babe Ruth, who was traveling to Los Angeles to watch a football game between Southern California and Stanford. At the time, the Oakland Tribune named Charles "Pretty Boy" Floyd a suspect in the kidnapping, as he was reportedly present in California. Floyd was later spotted in Almaden, near abandoned quicksilver mine shafts.While searching for Floyd or <mask> at the mine, a man claiming to be Floyd boarded a bus in Modesto and robbed passengers using a gun. The <mask> family chartered an airplane to look for cabins in the hills near Milpitas starting on November 12, following up a theory that <mask> had been first lured to the area where his car was abandoned, and the kidnappers then took him from there. Because the car's lights were left on, and there were signs of a scuffle, authorities believed <mask> had been overpowered in Milpitas. In addition, witnesses who had seen <mask> driving the Studebaker said that he was alone, although in some cases visibility was poor. A "compromise ransom" telegram from Sacramento arrived on November 12, suggesting that would be sufficient. However, the family was not contacted again until Monday, November 13, when a letter, postmarked in Sacramento, arrived in the mail at the department store. It instructed A.J.to have a radio installed in the Studebaker (which already had a radio), because the ransom instructions would be broadcast over NBC radio station KPO. The kidnapper also instructed A.J. to be ready to drive the Studebaker to deliver the ransom, but A.J. had never learned to drive. On November 13, A.J. posted a $5,000 reward for his son's safe return, with a promise to drop any further investigation upon his return. To emphasize the validity of the reward offer, police announced they would not be tracing calls to the <mask> residence.However, this was a ruse to entrap the kidnappers; in fact, the telephone line continued to be tapped. On Tuesday, November 14, a second ransom note arrived, this time postmarked in San Francisco. It instructed A.J. to place the ransom in a black satchel and drive to Los Angeles. That night, A.J. took a call from a man claiming to be his son's kidnapper, who instructed him to take the night train to Los Angeles. The authorities staked out the train station and mistakenly arrested a bank teller out for an evening stroll.The next day, a sign was placed in a window of the Hart store stating that A.J. did not drive. A call was received that night again demanding that <mask> drive to deliver the ransom. <mask> demanded proof that his son was with the caller. The caller stated that <mask> was being held at a safe location. Because a phone tap had been placed on the Hart telephone, the call was traced to a garage in downtown San Jose, but the caller was gone by the time the authorities arrived. Arrests and confessions Another demand arrived the following day, November 16, again ordering A.J.to drive with the ransom. That night, another call was received and the demand that A.J. drive was repeated. The call was traced to a payphone in a parking garage at Market near San Antonio, and Police Chief J.N. Black and Sheriff William Emig hurried to the scene just from the San Jose Police station, where they arrested Thomas Harold Thurmond as he was hanging up, at about 8:00 p.m. At 3:00 a.m., Thurmond, after hours of questioning, signed a confession in which he claimed to have bound <mask>'s hands with wire and tossed him off the San Mateo Bridge into San Francisco Bay sometime between 7:00 and 7:30 on the night of the kidnapping. He also identified an accomplice: John Holmes, a recently unemployed salesman who was separated from his wife and two children. Holmes was arrested in his SRO room at the California Hotel near the San Jose Police station at 3:30 a.m.According to Thurmond's confession, Holmes approached him with the scheme six weeks prior, after he had separated from his family. At 1:00 p.m. on November 17, Holmes signed a confession admitting that he and Thurmond had kidnapped <mask> and thrown him into San Francisco Bay. Later, the Santa Clara County District Attorney advised the press that, unless corroborated by independent evidence, confessions by Thurmond and Holmes in which each blamed the other for the crime were not admissible in a court of law. In his confession, Holmes stated that Thurmond had come up with the plan: "A couple of days before the kidnapping, [Thurmond and I] went to a show. On the way out he grabbed my arm and said, 'There goes Brookie <mask>. If we pick him up we can get a nice piece of change." In Thurmond's earlier confession, he stated Holmes made the decision to murder <mask>: "Thursday afternoon, November 9, I went to Merritt's plumbing shop and bought three bricks for 10 cents each and 55 cents' worth of wire to make preparations to kidnap <mask>.I don't know whether Holmes planned to murder the boy at that time but at any rate we wanted to be prepared." According to the men's confessions, when <mask> stopped his car near the exit of the parking lot in the evening of November 9, Thurmond slipped into the passenger seat and, holding a gun on him, forced <mask> to drive to Milpitas. There they abandoned the Studebaker for another waiting car, which had been driven to the rendezvous point by Holmes, and the group of three drove to the San Mateo Bridge. A mother and daughter on a farm immediately south of Milpitas had seen a dark, long-hooded sedan with three men stopped near their barn. A few minutes after it stopped, a convertible (presumably the Studebaker roadster) with three men two on the running boards and one driving stopped near the sedan. Their description of the man driving the convertible, slender with light colored hair, matched the description of <mask>, as did the convertible as his car. <mask> was driven away in the larger car.According to the farmers, one of the group followed in the Studebaker. The mother did not report the events until the following Monday (November 13), when she was visiting relatives and learned about the kidnapping. The investigators did not agree on the veracity of the story, because the number of kidnappers did not agree with the recorded confessions. On the bridge, the men ordered <mask> out of the car, and one of the kidnappers struck him twice on the head from behind with a concrete block until he was unconscious. They then bound his arms with baling wire and tied two concrete blocks to his feet before dumping him off the bridge into the bay. The tide was out and there were only a few feet of water at the base of the bridge; the kidnappers then shot <mask>, killing him. According to Thurmond's confession, <mask> struggled in the water for a few minutes and may have been able to free himself from his bonds; after they had tossed him over the north side of the bridge, he moved south under the bridge, against the prevailing current.Thurmond also stated Holmes was the first to shoot at <mask>, but Thurmond shot at him after he had drifted under the bridge. After leaving <mask> in the bay, they stopped approximately from the eastern end, where they discarded an extra concrete block and a roll of wire, which were recovered after the confessions. A few hours later, they placed the first telephone call to the <mask> family demanding $40,000 for <mask>'s return. Two men scavenging for wood in the bay, Cal Coley and Vinton Ridley, heard screams for help at approximately 7:25 p.m. on the night of November 9, when <mask> was kidnapped, and tried to rescue him, but were hampered by muddy conditions. The two said the cries for help came from the bridge near the shore of Alameda, but added they did not hear any shots that night. Local newspapers reported that Holmes and Thurmond had met with psychiatrists and would attempt to plead not guilty by reason of insanity. Thurmond claimed he had been "crazy" for more than a year, since his sweetheart married another man, and Holmes planned to repudiate his confession, which his attorney claimed had been "forced from him by third-degree methods," including threats to "turn him over to the mob for lynching if he did not confess."Upon learning of rumors of a possible insanity plea on the part of Thurmond, law enforcement authorities directed two psychiatrists from Agnews State Mental Hospital in Santa Clara to examine the two men to preclude such a defense. Following cursory examinations in their cells at the Santa Clara County Jail, with a mob outside in the jail courtyard, both men were declared sane. Search for the body Police officers from Santa Clara, San

Brooke Hart

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Mateo, and Alameda Counties began searching the bay around the bridge, hoping to find <mask>'s body. Trace evidence, including stains on the bridge, "blonde hair on a brick" and other markings convinced authorities the confessors had truthfully described the sequence of events, including dumping <mask>. The first physical clues were unearthed on November 18. Two bricks and apparent bloodstains were found at the bridge. The pillowcase used to mask <mask> during the drive to the bridge was discovered, along with his hat, by November 20.The discovery of the hat ended the last hope of the family that <mask> would be found alive. A hook-studded apparatus was used to drag the bay, with no success. A weighted dummy was planned to be dropped from the bridge on November 21 in an attempt to see where it would float. Workers constructing a pier of the San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge reported seeing a body floating in the water during the night of November 22, prompting a search by Oakland and San Francisco police boats, including the shores of nearby Goat Island. <mask> announced a reward on November 24, hoping to "enlist the aid of the public in the search." By that time, the search involved a blimp from Sunnyvale, police boats from Oakland and San Francisco, United States Marines and a hydraulic pump to dredge the mud from underneath the San Mateo Bridge. The official search for <mask>'s body ended on November 25.The next day, two duck hunters from Redwood City discovered a badly decayed and crab-eaten body approximately south of the bridge. <mask>'s body was identified by the coroner and his friends and employees later that day, with several personal effects with the body matched to <mask>'s known possessions. According to the autopsy, <mask> had died from drowning, and there were no bullet wounds found. Lynching of Thurmond and Holmes Warning signs Because of lynch threats, Sheriff Emig moved Thurmond and Holmes to the Potrero Hill police station in San Francisco for safekeeping soon after their arrest. A San Jose newspaper ran a front-page editorial branding Holmes and Thurmond "human devils" and called for "mob violence." Upon their return to the San Francisco jail from questioning, cries of "lynch them" were heard from the crowd surrounding that jail. On November 21, Holmes and Thurmond remained in the jail, and fear of vigilantism led authorities to announce they would be held "indefinitely."Reportedly, "20 influential friends of the socially prominent <mask> family" had formed a committee to "insist on immediate and drastic punishment for the prisoners." Prosecutors declined to seek grand jury hearings in the fear that an indictment would incite vigilantes. Despite these fears, the pair were indicted on charges of extortion, using the mail for extortion, and conspiracy, and were returned to the San Jose jail the night of November 22. On November 23, California Governor James Rolph announced to shocked reporters that he would refuse to dispatch the National Guard to protect Thurmond and Holmes. Upon payment of cashan astonishing sum in 1933by the father of Jack Holmes, San Francisco attorney Vincent Hallinan agreed to represent his son. Thurmond was defended by J. Oscar Goldstein of Chico. With a volatile mob growing day and night outside the jail on November 24, Hallinan called Rolph and asked that he call out the National Guard should an effort be made to lynch his client.Rolph retorted that he would "pardon the lynchers". Overnight lynching 26–27 November Authorities "expected trouble if and when the missing body was found." After the discovery of <mask>'s body on Sunday, November 26, word went out immediately throughout northern California. All day Sunday and into the evening, radio stations issued inflammatory announcements that a lynching would occur that night in St. James Park in San Jose. Crowds began to gather outside the jail at around 11 a.m., shortly after local newspapers had run extra editions announcing that <mask>'s body had been found. Sheriff Emig pre-emptively ordered the erection of an improvised barricade of parked automobiles and trucks to protect the jail. By 9:00 p.m., a mob estimated by the press to range anywhere from 5,000 to 15,000 men, women, and children were jammed into the park, with an estimated 3,000 vehicles left on streets nearby.Governor Rolph was in regular telephonic communication with Raymond Cato, whom he had appointed to head the California Highway Patrol. Cato was ensconced in the home of a Rolph political ally and neighbor in the mountains west of San Jose with an open phone line to the jail. Although the crowd was characterized as "good natured" earlier in the day, periodically there was an ominous chanting of "Eleven o'clock!" At approximately 9:00 p.m., Rolph canceled a planned trip to the Western Governors' Conference in Boise, Idaho to prevent his chief political rival, Lieutenant Governor Frank Merriam, from calling out the National Guard to stop the lynchings. At approximately the same time, the crowd began demanding the jail surrender Holmes and Thurmond; they responded to the refusal by moving the improvised siege barriers aside. Sheriff Emig contacted Rolph at 10:30 p.m., asking that the National Guard be deployed to protect the prisoners. Rolph refused.The assault on the jail commenced at approximately 11 p.m. By midnight, thousands had gathered outside the jail; the sheriff's deputies fired tear gas into the crowd in an attempt to disperse them. However, the crowd became angrier and larger. After the first round of tear gas was launched into the crowd, the nearby construction site at the post office was raided for materials that were first thrown at the jail; later, a battering ram was improvised from a heavy pipe. Emig ordered his officers to abandon the bottom two floors of the jail, where Thurmond and Holmes were being held. It was later noted that both cells had been occupied by other notorious murderers. Emig also had ordered that no police officer would be allowed to use their guns or clubs to defend the jail; Emig, his nine deputies, and eight state patrolmen were all beaten, choked, and/or trampled during the course of the riot. The mob, by this time estimated at 6,000–10,000 (other reports say 3,000–5,000), stormed the jail, took Holmes and Thurmond across the street to St. James Park, and hanged them.Afterward, deputy sheriff John Moore stated, "I never knew human beings could go so wildthey were not human; they were animals." Deputy Moore was choked twice during the lynching: once when he refused to surrender the keys to the jail cells, and another time when he refused to positively identify Holmes for the mob. Some women in the mob were alleged to have encouraged the violence, seemingly forgetting their prior advice to let the law "take its course". Child movie star Jackie Coogan, a friend of <mask> from Santa Clara University, was reported to be one of the mob that prepared and held the rope for lynching. Thurmond was the first to be lynched. As he was dragged from the jail headfirst, the mob beat him and knotted the rope around his neck; one man who attempted to stop the lynching was "picked up bodily and hurled almost over the heads of the crowd". After Thurmond was hanged, the mob tore his trousers off and souvenir hunters fought over the scraps.Holmes cried, "You're making a big mistake! I'm not the man you want!" as he was lynched. Harold Fitzgerald described the scene in an Oakland Tribune article: "A concerted pulland the white, blood-streaked body of the second of <mask>'s murderers swayed in a grisly rhythm in the light of a rising half-moon. A roar, mingled with women's screams, rolled across the park ... [Afterward,] The crowd began pouring out of the park. Some did serpentine dances in the streets. ... Snatches of song came from here and there in the multitude."Immediate aftermath The bodies of Thurmond and Holmes were left hanging for approximately 45 minutes, until they were cut down by police officials. Thurmond was buried in an unmarked plot in Oak Hill Memorial Park on November 29, the same cemetery where <mask> had been buried on November 27. Holmes was cremated at Oak Hill on November 29. According to the San Francisco Chronicle, on December 2, after a special meeting of the city council heard testimony in support of leaving the cork elm tree as a monument and warning to evildoers, the council approved the cutting down of the tree by city workers. Police were required to keep off a crowd of souvenir hunters seeking a twig or branch of the infamous "gallows tree", the bark and lower branches having been hacked and stripped for mementos. Impact of the case The lynching was unique in American political and criminal justice history because of the involvement of a state governor, and the eagerness by civic and business leaders and law enforcement, to allow the extrajudicial killings of two men who had not been indicted, arraigned, tried, or sentenced for the crime in a court of law. Many modern historians conclude that the two men were indeed guilty.Royce Brier, a staff writer for the Chronicle, would later go on to win the 1934 Pulitzer Prize for Reporting for his account of the lynching. According to the prize citation, Brier worked for sixteen hours along with several assistants mingling with the mob and telephoning running updates from a garage across the street from the jail before composing the story in three hours starting at 12:30 a.m. on the morning of November 27. In addition, the Pulitzer Prize for Editorial Cartooning went to Edmund Duffy of The Baltimore Sun for his cartoon, "California Points With Pride", which lampooned Governor Rolph's response to the lynching. Prosecution of lynch mob Governor Rolph praised the action, stating that California had sent a message to future kidnappers, and promised to pardon anyone involved in the lynching. However, Rolph died on June 2, 1934, before any charges had been filed in the case. Alameda County District Attorney Earl Warren was the strongest supporter of prosecution for the lynching. Santa Clara County Assistant District Attorney Herbert Bridges was quoted as saying he was "not sorry [the lynching] happened in San Jose."Santa Clara County District Attorney Fred Thomas doubted anyone could be found to bear witness against the ringleaders of the lynching, characterizing the stories being told by local youths as "boastful" but uncorroborated. The American Civil Liberties Union stated they had found eyewitnesses ready to identify members of the mob by December 1933, but San Jose citizens were outspoken in their opposition to "outsider" interference. Eventually seven people were arrested for the lynchings, but none was convicted. California did not specifically define lynching as a crime, although crimes committed during the lynching such as rioting, assault, and murder could potentially be prosecuted. One young man was charged for participating in the lynching after he publicly claimed credit for leading the mob, but the charges were dropped. The Santa Clara County grand jury met the following year, but despite literally thousands of witnesses, scores of reporters, and hundreds of photographs, they found that no witnesses could identify anyone from the lynching, so no charges were filed. Public criticism In the aftermath of the lynching, Governor Rolph was publicly condemned for advocating "lynch law" by former President Herbert Hoover, then at Stanford University in Palo Alto.Rolph replied, "If troops had been called out, hundreds of innocent citizens might have been mowed down." Rolph accused Hoover of calling out the United States Army against the "Bonus Marchers" in 1932. The exchange continued. President Franklin D. Roosevelt also condemned the lynching as "collective murder" in a nationwide radio address. Civil suits Holmes' parents sued Governor Rolph for his role in the lynching of their son, along with radio station KQW and several other persons, but the suit was dropped when the governor died of a heart attack in 1934. Holmes' widow sued Sheriff Emig and several deputies, citing their carelessness and negligence in failing to protect him. Thurmond's family took no action on his behalf and reportedly never again spoke about the matter amongst themselves.Family <mask> had three sisters Jeanette, Miriam, and Aleese and a brother, Alexander Joseph Jr. Alex J<mask> sold the chain of stores in 1976. Modern coverage In 1983, Harry Farrell, a columnist for the San Jose Mercury News, wrote about the lynching in a two-part series. After he retired, he followed up with a book on the same subject, Swift Justice, published in 1992. Swift Justice was praised by Walter Cronkite and won an Edgar Award in 1993, beating out the expected winner, Ann Rule. in his 2007 book Jury Rigging in the Court of Public Opinion, the author John D. Murphy criticized Farrell's approach, noting that by accepting the confessions as the baseline truth and hewing to the "conventional" history that led to mob justice, Farrell had invented conversations and created motivations that were impossible to corroborate and glossed over inconsistencies. Murphy pointed out the later phone calls placed to make ransom demands came from payphones physically close together, culminating in the arrest of Thurmond at a payphone only from the San Jose Police station. Murphy went on to write and produce a movie, Valley of the Heart's Delight, regarding the 1933 case.In popular media At least four films have been made loosely based on this story: Fury (1936) The Sound of Fury (1950) aka Try and Get Me! Night Without Justice (2004) Valley of the Heart's Delight (2006) The 1933 lynching also inspired a short story by John Steinbeck, "The Lonesome Vigilante" (1936). It was subsequently published as "The Vigilante", collected in The Long Valley (1938). The lynching inspired local punk band Executioner to write the song "St. James Park". The song was not released until 2011, when one of the founders of Executioner, Dave Burks, gathered available recordings from the band's active years of 1982–83. Former San Jose mayor Tom McEnery wrote a play based on Farrell's 1992 book. The play, produced in early 2016 by the San Jose-based Tabard Theatre Company, shares the book's name, Swift Justice.A review criticized the "weak script" and said it had "[too many] shallowly developed scenes." References Bibliography External links Coverage Grave Videos : Contemporary newsreel featuring statements from eyewitnesses and Governor Rolph. 1911 births 1930s missing person cases 1933 deaths American murder victims Burials at Oak Hill Memorial Park Deaths by firearm in California Kidnapped American people Lynching deaths in California Milpitas, California Missing person cases in California People from San Jose, California People murdered in California Santa Clara University alumni November 1933

Charles P. White

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<mask> (born 1969) is the former Republican Indiana Secretary of State, having been first elected to the statewide executive position in November 2010. Prior to that, he served as Chairman of the Hamilton County Republican Party and as a member of the town council of Fishers, a northern suburb of Indianapolis. He served as the 60th Secretary of State of Indiana from 2011 to 2012. He was removed from office on February 4, 2012 after a jury convicted him on six felony counts including perjury, theft and voter fraud. On February 23, he was sentenced to one year's house arrest. Education <mask> received a B.A. from Wabash College and a J.D.from Valparaiso University. At Wabash, <mask> won the Baldwin Oratorical Award in 1991. He was elected to the Fishers Town Council in 2001, and also served as chairman of the Hamilton County Republican Party Career <mask> ran for Secretary of State against Democrat Vop Osili in an election to succeed Republican incumbent Todd Rokita, who was term limited. An issue in the campaign was whether <mask> had continued to serve on the Fishers council even after moving out of Fishers, but still voted in his old precinct in the May Republican primary. In February 2009, <mask> moved to a condo in another part of Hamilton County. However, he claimed his former home, in which his ex-wife still lives, as his official residence. <mask> subsequently admitted to voting in the wrong precinct, but blamed a hectic schedule for his failure to change his address.Nonetheless, <mask> won in a landslide. The Indiana Democratic Party filed suit, claiming <mask> had not been eligible to run. They claimed that a state law requiring Secretary of State candidates to be registered voters means they must be registered legally. The state Recount Commission dismissed the Democrats' claim on a party-line vote, and <mask> was sworn in on January 6, 2011. Indictment In March 2011, <mask> was indicted on seven felony counts including voter fraud, perjury and theft. He was charged with intentionally voting in the wrong precinct in the primary, continuing to serve on the Fishers council and drawing his salary after allegedly moving out of town, even though he was voting at large. He was released from a Hamilton County jail after posting a $10,000 bond.Shortly after the news broke, Republican Governor Mitch Daniels and Indiana's other state officials urged <mask> to step aside while the charges were pending. Conviction on even one charge would have automatically ousted <mask> as Secretary of State; Indiana, like most states, does not allow convicted felons to hold office. On April 7, 2011, Marion County Circuit Court Judge Louis Rosenberg ordered the Recount Commission to reconsider the Democrats' legal challenge to <mask>'s place on the ballot. Rosenberg could have issued a ruling on his own authority, but chose not to do so. If the challenge succeeded, Osili would become Secretary of State by default. By comparison, if <mask> were to be forced out of office as a result of his felony case, Daniels would be able to appoint his successor. The ruling specifically required the Recount Commission to make a finding on the legality of <mask>'s registration.Judge Rosenberg retained control of the case and could have issued a ruling himself if he wasn't satisfied with the Recount Commission's work. Subsequently, <mask> recused himself from the case since the Secretary of State is chairman of the Recount Commission. <mask> was cleared by the Recount Commission in a bi-partisan 3-0 vote, saying that he intended to use his wife's home as his permanent address. However, the state Democratic party asked Rosenberg to review the decision, arguing that it put too much weight on <mask>'s testimony and ignored documents listing his new address. Rosenberg heard the case on November 23, even though <mask> was absent. Earlier, WISH-TV political reporter Jim Shella wrote in his blog that the Democrats' challenge to <mask>'s ballot status could have implications beyond the Secretary of State race. According to Shella, if the Democrats were to prevail, the Republicans would have legally received no votes in the Secretary of State's race.This would drop them below the 10 percent threshold required to retain major-party status in the state (major party status is determined by Secretary of State results). When Judge Rosenberg remanded the eligibility challenge back to the Recount Commission, Shella wrote that from <mask>'s perspective, he would be better off settling the criminal case before the fate of his office was decided. He could have reduced the felony counts to reduced to misdemeanors in a plea deal, which would have allowed him to keep his law license even if he had to leave office. However, Shella wrote, if he was forced out of office, he would have no bargaining chip in any plea negotiations. On December 22, 2011, Rosenberg ruled that <mask> had in fact violated election law, and that he had been ineligible to run for office. Rosenberg ordered the Recount Commission to remove <mask> from office and certify Osili, who has since been elected to the Indianapolis City-County Council, as his replacement. <mask> immediately announced he would appeal, and asked Rosenberg to stay his ruling until a higher court can hear the case.The next day, Rosenberg issued a temporary stay on his own ruling until January 3, 2012. On January 4, Rosenburg ruled that <mask> could stay in office while his appeal works its way through the courts. Conviction of voter fraud On February 4, 2012, a jury found <mask> guilty of six of seven felony charges, including false registration, voting in another precinct, submitting a false ballot, theft, and two counts of perjury. He was acquitted on one fraud charge. The felony convictions automatically removed <mask> from office, though he presumably could have regained the post if his convictions had been downgraded to misdemeanors and Rosenberg's ruling awarding the office to Osili had been overturned on appeal. Governor Daniels immediately appointed <mask>'s deputy, Jerry Bonnet, as interim Secretary of State. On February 23, Hamilton County Superior Court Judge Steven Nation sentenced <mask> to one year of house arrest, 30 hours of community service and a $1,000 fine.Nation refused to downgrade <mask>'s charges to misdemeanors, saying that his actions in the 2010 election were deliberate and therefore "violated the trust of the people." The conviction ends any chance of <mask> regaining office even if his appeal of Rosenberg's ruling is successful. <mask> lost all of his appeals in state courts and began serving his one-year home-detention sentence in October 2015. In July 2016, his law license was suspended for two years. Personal <mask> lives in Fishers, Indiana with his wife, Michelle, and three children. References 1970 births Living people People from Fishers, Indiana Secretaries of State of Indiana Indiana Republicans Wabash College alumni Valparaiso University alumni Indiana lawyers Disbarred American lawyers American politicians convicted of fraud Indiana politicians convicted of crimes Date of birth missing (living people)

Ron Darling

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<mask>. (born August 19, 1960) is an American former professional baseball player and current television sports color commentator. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a right-handed pitcher from to , most notably as a member of the New York Mets team that won the 1986 World Series. Since 2006, he has been the co-lead color commentator for Mets broadcasts on SNY alongside former teammate Keith Hernandez. <mask> was a 1985 National League All-Star and won the Gold Glove Award for National League pitchers. He ranks fourth in Mets team history in wins (99) and is also in the top 10 in complete games, innings, strikeouts and shutouts. During the 1986 World Series, <mask> allowed just three earned runs in innings and won Game 4 in Boston to even the series. In 2020, <mask> was inducted into the New York Mets Hall of Fame.<mask> had five pitches in his repertoire: the slider, a curveball, a circle changeup, a splitter, and a four seam fastball. In the beginning of his career, <mask>'s weak point was control, and he finished three seasons in the top four in base on balls; as his career progressed, his control improved considerably. He was considered one of the better fielding pitchers of the time and had one of the best pickoff moves among right-handed pitchers. An above-average athlete, he was sometimes used as a pinch runner and, in 1989, he hit home runs in two consecutive starts. Apart from his career with the Mets, <mask> also played for the Montreal Expos and the Oakland Athletics. <mask> currently works as a color commentator for national baseball coverage on TBS, as well as for the Mets on both SNY and WPIX; he also co-hosts several MLB Network programs. Early life <mask> was born in Honolulu, Hawaii, to a Hawaiian-Chinese mother and a French-Canadian father.After growing up in Millbury, Massachusetts, he attended St. John's High School in Shrewsbury, Massachusetts. College <mask> was recruited to play college football as a quarterback at Yale University for the Yale Bulldogs football team. <mask> transitioned to defensive back after finding that Yale had a glut of talent at the quarterback position. He quit the team after his freshman season and focused instead on baseball. He initially played shortstop for the Yale Bulldogs baseball team. Later in his collegiate career, he agreed to pitch only on the condition that he be allowed to play shortstop and outfield on his days off. In 1980, <mask> played collegiate summer baseball for the Cotuit Kettleers of the Cape Cod Baseball League (CCBL).He batted .336 with six home runs while posting a 4–3 mark on the mound. At the league's all-star game at Yankee Stadium, he singled, doubled and homered as the CCBL left fielder, then came on in the final inning to pitch in relief, preserving the CCBL's one-run victory over the Atlantic Collegiate Baseball League. <mask> was named the league's MVP and outstanding pro prospect, and was inducted into the CCBL Hall of Fame in 2002. On May 21, 1981, <mask> faced future Mets teammate Frank Viola, then playing for St. John's University, in an NCAA post-season game, and he had a no-hitter through 11 innings. In the 12th inning, St. John's broke up the no-hitter and then scored on a double-steal to beat Yale 1–0. <mask>'s performance remains the longest no-hitter in NCAA history, and the game is considered by some to be the best in college baseball history and was the subject of a New Yorker story by Roger Angell, who attended the game. <mask> was set to graduate in December 1982, but he was drafted by the Texas Rangers in June 1981.<mask> went on to play more games in Major League Baseball than any Yale alumnus since 19th-century pitcher Bill Hutchinson. He was the last former Yale Bulldog to reach the Major Leagues until pitcher Craig Breslow made his debut in (and was not followed by another Yale player until catcher Ryan Lavarnway in 2011). Career Minor leagues <mask> was selected in the first round (ninth overall) of the MLB draft by the Texas Rangers. He put up mediocre numbers with the AA Tulsa Drillers. He was traded along with Walt Terrell from the Rangers to the Mets for Lee Mazzilli on April 1, . For the Mets, <mask> and Terrell would eventually combine for seven double-digit win seasons. Three seasons later, the Mets traded Terrell to the Detroit Tigers for Howard Johnson.For Texas, Mazzilli never regained his limited glory of the late 1970s. <mask> would have compiled decent numbers with the AAA Tidewater Tides in 1982 and except for very high base on balls counts during both seasons. Despite his control problems, <mask> was called up to the majors in late 1983. The Mets had the worst record in the National League and second-worst in the majors when <mask> debuted on September 6, 1983. He was impressive in that start but left the game down 1–0 and the Mets lost 2–0. The Mets were also last in offense in the N.L. Each of <mask>'s first three starts—in which he went 0–3—were all decent pitching performances (11 strikeouts,  9 walks, 2.08 ERA, and 6 runs over the course of the three starts).He finished his season with a complete game victory and was in the Majors for good. New York Mets Building to a championship In , <mask> won a spot in the starting rotation and maintained a spot there almost uninterrupted until . While his early walk percentages were poor—he even led the league in walks in —he never again showed the terrible walk percentages he had while playing AAA ball. With <mask> and Terrell each getting their first long-term chances in the Majors and with the debut of young star and eventual Rookie of the Year Dwight Gooden, the Mets went from second-worst in the majors in 1983 to fourth-best in the majors in 1984; the Mets finished second-best in their division and missed the postseason. <mask> had difficulty pitching on the road in 1984 compared to pitching at pitcher-friendly Shea Stadium; his road ERA was more than 50% higher than his home ERA. He had a streak of seven wins in seven starts in June (5–0) and July (1.88 ERA) including a pair of complete game four-hit shutouts, but the other two-thirds of the season were not nearly as successful. The Mets were in first place at the end of July but <mask>'s 2–6 record the rest of the way was little help, and the Chicago Cubs won the division by games.<mask> finished 12–9 overall with a 3.81 ERA. The 1985 season was an improvement for <mask>, despite a career-high and NL-leading 114 walks. His April included a one-hit seven-inning no-decision and a five-hit shutout with 11 strikeouts. On July 4, <mask> pitched on one day of rest, making the only relief appearance of his first seven seasons during a marathon 19-inning 16–13 win. <mask> finished the legendary game in which 13 runs were scored in the extra innings alone; during that game, the Mets blew four leads and nearly blew a fifth. After starting 9–2, he was selected to his only All-Star team but did not participate in the game. Overall, he posted his career-best winning percentage in 1985 with a 16–6 record.His record could have been even better but in eight of his starts, he received seven no-decisions and a loss despite allowing less than two earned runs in each game. On October 1, <mask> pitched nine shutout innings on only four hits, but the game was scoreless until the 11th. The Mets narrowly missed the postseason, but <mask> established himself as a clear number-two starter behind Gooden's untouchable 24–4 season. World Series In , everything came together for the Mets, and <mask> was no exception. He finished with a 15–6 record and posted a career-best 2.81 ERA, which was third-best in the NL. He also received the only Cy Young Award votes of his career, finishing fifth behind Mike Scott of the Astros. The Mets led the way most of the season, and their top four starters all received Cy Young votes.On May 27, <mask> tied his career-high with 12 strikeouts in a five-hit complete game victory which, despite a poor April, raised his record to 6–0. He was good on the road but even better at home with a 10–2 record at Shea. His worst blemish was off the field when on July 19, he and teammates Bob Ojeda, Rick Aguilera, and Tim Teufel were arrested outside a bar in Houston for fighting with security guards (who were also off-duty police officers). All four were released in time for the following game. <mask> and Teufel pleaded guilty in 1987 to a misdemeanor charge of resisting arrest, were sentenced to a year of probation, and were ordered to pay $200 fines. The probation period was cancelled by a judge one month later. The incident fed into the Mets' reputation as a rowdy crew that season, although Jeff Pearlman, in writing about the incident in his book "The Bad Guys Won" shows an irony that while for many members of the team, such an incident would have come as no surprise, the four players involved were among the few exceptions, and the scuffle was out of character for them, started when the normally placid Tim Teufel—being treated to drinks by the others to celebrate becoming a father—got more drunk than he ever had in his life and mouthed off to security guards who were looking for a fight.Despite the run-in, <mask> was featured on the cover of the August 25 issue of Sports Illustrated. The 1986 National League Championship Series was tied 1–1 when <mask> started Game 3, but he pitched poorly and left after giving up four runs in five innings. The Mets recovered to win both the game and eventually the series. <mask> opened the World Series against the Boston Red Sox. He pitched extremely well in Game 1, allowing only a single unearned run over seven innings, but lost a hard-luck 1–0 game to Bruce Hurst. With the Mets in danger of falling into a 3–1 series deficit, <mask> started Game 4 and extended his 0.00 ERA to 14 innings as the Mets won easily, 6–2. After Game 6, the Red Sox bounced back in Game 7, scoring three early runs against <mask>.Shaky into the fourth inning, <mask> was relieved, but the Mets recovered to win their second World Championship. Post-championship decline <mask> went 12–8 in but had to battle most of the way, as did the rest of the team. <mask>'s April ERA was over 6.00, and he did not win a game in either May or June, going 0–4 with 8 no-decisions between victories. He rebounded to win six consecutive starts after the All-Star break, but a good second half only lowered his ERA to 4.29—the worst of his first seven seasons. On June 28, <mask> had a no-hitter through seven innings, but the Mets wound up losing the game. They were poised for a run at the division in mid-September when <mask> went out with one of the few injuries of his career. He missed the last couple weeks of the season and the Mets missed the postseason.In , <mask> bounced back with a career-high 17 wins. He started quickly with two shutouts in his first four games. A first-half 10–5 record with 3 shutouts and a 2.70 ERA were not enough to earn an All-Star spot. On the season, he compiled a career-high 4 shutouts but also suffered one of his worst games, getting knocked out in the first inning of an 11–2 loss on July 19. <mask>'s home-versus-road discrepancy was enormous as he went 14–1 at Shea and only 3–8 on the road with a road ERA more than twice as high as his home ERA. He finished the season strong, winning his last five decisions. The Mets coasted into the playoffs, but <mask> pitched poorly in the 1988 National League Championship Series against the Los Angeles

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Dodgers.With the series tied 1–1, he fell into an early 3–0 hole, but the Mets bounced back twice to win 8–4. In the deciding Game 7, <mask> was again matched against 1988's best pitcher, Orel Hershiser, and he was over-matched. <mask> gave up six runs and was knocked out in the second inning while Hershiser pitched a five-hit shutout, shocking the Mets and winning the series' Most Valuable Player award. The one-sided game was the last postseason appearance for the Mets until 1999. After their 100-win 1988 season ended, the Mets started a decline that lasted well into the 1990s. <mask>'s started as poorly as 1988 had ended when he lost his first 3 starts with an ERA of 11.57. He recovered with a good May but was inconsistent for the entire season, finishing 14–14 with a 3.52 ERA.<mask>'s five losses in his last seven starts contributed to the Mets missing the postseason. <mask> did become the first Mets pitcher to win the Gold Glove Award. He was also the last NL pitcher to win the award before Greg Maddux's remarkable streak of 13 consecutive Gold Gloves. On August 10, 1989, <mask> won his 83rd game with the Mets to move him past Jon Matlack into fourth on the Mets' all-time wins list where he remains today (behind Tom Seaver, Dwight Gooden, and Jerry Koosman). In , the Mets were in transition, and manager Davey Johnson's job was in jeopardy. <mask> was sent to the bullpen part-time for the first time in his career. His first relief performance in late April went well but was followed by three terrible starts.The rest of his season was a mix of starting and relief. With an ERA of 4.60 in late August, <mask> was in the bullpen for the next month. He made two starts to close out his season and won them both, but the Mets could not catch the Pittsburgh Pirates. In total, 1990 was <mask>'s first losing season (7–9) and it was his worst ERA to-date. Trade and American League <mask> was back in the New York Mets' starting rotation in . Although his pitching was improved over 1990, he was still inconsistent, winning three games with scoreless pitching but getting hit hard in many other games. Unlike previous seasons, <mask> posted poor numbers at Shea Stadium while pitching well on the road.He pitched scoreless two-hit ball over eight innings against the Montreal Expos on the road in his second-last game with the Mets. On July 15, 1991, <mask> was traded with a minor leaguer to Montreal for former closer Tim Burke. <mask>'s three starts for Montreal were poor, with an ERA of 7.41, and on July 31, 1991, the Expos traded him to the Oakland Athletics for two minor leaguers. After the <mask> trades, the Expos were left with three minor leaguers, none of whom played more than two games in the majors. With Oakland, <mask> immediately logged two seven-inning scoreless starts and won his first three decisions. Then, his poor control returned and <mask> lost seven straight decisions including his last six starts. In three of those losses, he allowed two or fewer runs.Oakland, coming off its third consecutive league pennant, was barely above .500 before acquiring <mask>. His acquisition did little to affect Oakland's record. After the 1991 season, <mask> became a free agent and re-signed with Oakland. In , he had his last quality year, finishing with more than 200 innings pitched, a 3.66 ERA, and 15 wins. Inconsistent for most of the season, <mask> also showed flashes of brilliance, including three complete game two-hit shutouts—the only two-hitters of his career. He was the victim of poor run support including a no-decision seven-inning one-hitter that was nearly a loss, an eight-inning two-hitter that turned into a no-decision after an unearned run, and two other games where he allowed one earned run and took the loss. <mask> finished with the best record on the team percentage-wise.Oakland coasted into the postseason with little trouble, and <mask> was called to start Game 3 with the series tied. He pitched well but gave up two costly home runs and took the loss. The A's went on to lose Games 4 and 6 as well and <mask> never again pitched in the postseason. <mask> re-signed with Oakland again after 1992, this time a multi-year deal for over $2 million per season, but he was unable to repeat his 1992 performance. The season was awful for <mask>. Through July, his ERA hovered around 6.00, and he was relegated to long relief for over a week. He pitched better after July, lowering his ERA to 5.16, but lost five of his last six decisions.Outside of July, <mask>'s would have been as bad as 1993. In July, he won five starts with one no-decision with an ERA under three. It was <mask>'s last hurrah. He stumbled through two starts in August before the 1994 Major League Baseball strike ended the season. With his torrid July, <mask> reached double digits in wins once again but finished under .500 with a 4.50 ERA. <mask> led the American League with 25 games started despite pitching that was average at best. When the strike lasted into , <mask> started terribly, logging an ERA over 9.00 in his four starts without making it through the fifth inning in any of them.His only complete game of the season ended with a 1–0 loss on May 30. <mask> won only four games with an ERA of 6.23. After a bad loss, Oakland released him on August 19, 1995 (his 35th birthday), bringing his playing career to an end. Career statistics In a thirteen-season major league career, <mask> posted a 136–116 won-loss record with 1,590 strikeouts and a 3.87 ERA in 1,620 innings pitched, including 13 shutouts and 37 complete games. He ranks fourth in Mets team history in wins (99) and is also in the top 10 in complete games, innings, strikeouts and shutouts. Post-retirement Since 2000, <mask> has been active in television. He worked as a broadcaster for the Oakland Athletics, had a Fox show called Baseball Today, and appeared on The Best Damn Sports Show Period.He also provided baseball analysis for the YES Network, Fox Sports Net and, in 2004, CSTV. <mask> appeared on the Hall of Fame balloting for 2001, receiving only one vote and thus was removed from further consideration. On January 28, 2020, the Mets announced that <mask> would be inducted into the New York Mets Hall of Fame on May 17 in a ceremony at Citi Field. The ceremony was moved to July 31, 2021. In 2005, <mask> was involved in banking ventures in Southern California. He was then hired to be the television color commentator for the inaugural season of the Washington Nationals. <mask> worked alongside veteran play-by-play announcer Mel Proctor on the Mid-Atlantic Sports Network (MASN), which suffered from low viewership due to legal battles between Baltimore Orioles owner Peter Angelos and Comcast cable television.<mask> and Proctor were not asked to return to MASN by the Nationals for 2006. In 2006, <mask> was hired by SportsNet New York as a color commentator and studio analyst for the New York Mets, joining radio veteran Gary Cohen and former Mets teammate Keith Hernandez. <mask> also appears on some of the SNY-produced WPIX broadcasts in the New York Metropolitan Area. He won an Emmy Award as Best Sports Analyst for his work on the Mets broadcasts. He appeared in a Sovereign Bank commercial in 2008, which is frequently shown on SNY and is often joked about among the three Mets broadcasters during games. He threw out the ceremonial first pitch during Game 7 of the 2006 NLCS at Shea Stadium. In 2007, <mask> was a color analyst for TBS's coverage of the 2007 MLB Playoffs.He was paired with play-by-play man Dick Stockton. As of 2008, he provides commentary for the network's regular-season coverage, paired with Chip Caray. During the playoffs, he joined Caray's other regular partner, Buck Martinez. In 2013, <mask> joined MLB Network as a studio analyst. In 2015, <mask> volunteered to provide play-by-play commentary for television broadcasts of Mets spring training games. In April 2019, <mask> took a leave of absence from the Mets booth for health reasons. <mask> is also a New York Times best-selling author and has written three books.In 2019, <mask> published his third book - a series of interconnected anecdotes of a variety of baseball players in "108 Stitches: Loose Threads, Ripping Yarns, and the Darndest Characters from My Time in the Game". Following the books publication, former Met teammate Lenny Dykstra sued <mask> for defamation, writing that Dykstra used racial slurs toward Red Sox pitcher Oil Can Boyd during the 1986 World Series - a claim that Dykstra denied. The lawsuit was later dismissed by the judge, ruling that Dykstra's reputation was so poor that it was not legally possible to libel him. Personal life <mask> was married to Irish Wilhelmina model Antoinette O'Reilly, with whom he had two children, <mask> and <mask>. She had small roles on television and in movies, sometimes using her married name, <mask>. During their marriage, they appeared in numerous magazine features together. In 2004, <mask> married Joanna Last, a makeup artist for Fox Sports.In February 2016 they had a son, <mask> <mask>. <mask> lives in Connecticut. His younger brother, Edwin, a first baseman, was drafted by the New York Yankees in 1981 and played 69 games in their farm system over two seasons. On May 6, 2019, <mask> announced that he had been diagnosed with thyroid cancer. In pop culture Game 6 of the 1986 World Series, broadcast by NBC, ran so long that the network chose not to air Saturday Night Live rather than show it after the game. When it was shown for the first time two weeks later, <mask> filmed a special introduction, apologizing on behalf of the Mets for preempting SNL. <mask> is mentioned in the Law & Order season 13 episode "Under God".In the episode, Lennie Briscoe tells Ed Green how he blurts out <mask>'s first name for no reason because the pitcher reminds Briscoe of his daughter Cathy, who was killed in 1998. Cathy had a crush on the pitcher during the 1986 season when she was a teenager. <mask> had small roles in the films Shallow Hal and The Day After Tomorrow; he also played himself in Mr. 3000. Bibliography The Complete Game: Reflections on Baseball, Pitching, and Life on the Mound. (Alfred A. Knopf, March 2009) Game 7, 1986: Failure and Triumph in the Biggest Game of My Life. (St. Martin's Press, April 2016) 108 Stitches: Loose Threads, Ripping Yarns, and the Darndest Characters from My Time in the Game. (St. Martin's Press, April 2019) See also List of Washington Nationals broadcasters References Sources External links <mask> at SABR (Baseball BioProject) <mask> at Baseball Gauge <mask> at Ultimate Mets Database <mask> MLB Network Bio Darling chats about role as Mets analyst (chat transcript) Gary Cohen, Keith Hernandez, and <mask>'s Charity website 1960 births Living people American baseball players of Chinese descent American expatriate baseball players in Canada American people of French-Canadian descent American people of Native Hawaiian descent Baseball players from Honolulu Cotuit Kettleers players Gold Glove Award winners Major League Baseball broadcasters Major League Baseball pitchers Mid-Atlantic Sports Network MLB Network personalities Montreal Expos players National League All-Stars New York Mets announcers New York Mets players Oakland Athletics players SportsNet New York Sportspeople from Honolulu Tidewater Tides players Tulsa Drillers players Washington Nationals announcers Yale Bulldogs baseball players People from Brooklyn Yale Bulldogs

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<mask> (; ; born 14 January 1992) is a Chinese professional tennis player. She has won two singles titles on the WTA Tour, one WTA 125 singles title, and 13 singles titles and one doubles title on the ITF Circuit. Her best result at a Grand Slam tournament came at the 2019 US Open where she reached the quarterfinals. On 9 September 2019, <mask> reached her highest singles ranking of world No. 12, becoming the second-highest ranked Chinese tennis player in history after Li Na. Alongside Li Na, Zheng Jie, Peng Shuai, and Zhang Shuai, <mask> is one of only five Chinese tennis players to have reached the quarterfinals of a Grand Slam tournament. Career <mask> was born in Tianjin.At age nine, she started playing tennis. That year, she became the promotion player for the Tianjin National Tennis Center. For two years consecutively (2006, 2007), she won the Junior's Tennis Championship in China. She officially started touring the ITF Women's Circuit in Japan as of 2007. In February 2010, she was a main-draw player at the AOAO Sports charity themed 'Fiji Tennis Invitation Classis' [FTIC] created by Ademola Oduwole on Denarau Island in Fiji aimed at promoting girls sports. She defeated Christina Visico of the Philippines in the finals to win her $2,000 purse and a $4,000 Chris Aire watch donated by the Hollywood Luxury watch designer <mask> achieved her first big WTA Tour win at the 2013 Malaysian Open where, after qualifying, she beat top seed and world No. 10, Caroline Wozniacki in the first round.She made her Grand Slam main-draw debut at the 2014 US Open from the qualifying tournament, and defeated Paula Kania from Poland in the first round by 6–2, 6–0, before losing to Australian Casey Dellaqua in the second round. In 2016, <mask>'s best results came at the Grand Slam tournaments, reaching the second round of the Australian Open, French Open, and US Open. She also competed in singles at the 2016 Summer Olympics, but lost in the first round to two-time Grand Slam winner Svetlana Kuznetsova. In 2017, <mask> reached her first quarterfinal at a Premier-level tournament, winning three straight set matches in Dubai (a Premier 5 tournament) before losing to Anastasija Sevastova. She finished the year ranked inside the top 50 for the first time, at No. 45 in the world. 2018: Asian Games gold medalist, two WTA titles, world No.20 <mask> got off to a very slow start in the 2018 season, winning just one main draw match in her first four tournaments. She then reached the fourth round in Indian Wells, defeating former top-10 players Timea Bacsinszky and Kristina Mladenovic en route, before falling to world No. 1, Simona Halep. <mask> struggled in her next five tournaments though, and her ranking dropped to No. 91 in the world. She then reached her first quarterfinal of the year in Strasbourg, losing to top seed Ashleigh Barty. At the French Open, <mask> upset the ninth seed and seven-time Grand Slam winner Venus Williams in the first round, then defeated Petra Martić to advance to the third round of a Grand Slam event for the first time.However, she was then beaten by Yulia Putintseva. The only grass court tournament she played in was Wimbledon, where she lost in the opening round to compatriot Zheng Saisai. <mask> won the golden medal in singles at the Asian Games defeating Jeong Su-nam, Gozal Ainitdinova, Aldila Sutjiadi, Liang En-shuo, and finally compatriot Zhang Shuai in the final. <mask> also had a great run in the Asian Swing. She won her first WTA tour tile in July at Jiangxi, where she defeated Zheng Saisai in the final. After reaching the third round at the US Open before falling to Elina Svitolina, <mask> won her second title of the year (and career) in Guangzhou, where she didn't drop more than four games in each match throughout the tournament. As a result of her Guangzhou triumph, she reached a new career-high ranking of world No.34 and replaced Zhang Shuai as the highest-ranked Chinese player. The next week, she competed at the Premier-5 tournament in Wuhan, where she defeated Maria Sakkari, eighth seed Karolína Plíšková, and Daria Gavrilova in the first three matches. In the quarterfinals, she defeated 2016 Olympic gold medalist Monica Puig in straight sets to reach the semifinals, but was forced to retire from the match against Anett Kontaveit due to injury. She became the first ever Chinese player to reach the semifinals at the tournament, and reached another new career-high ranking of No. 28. <mask> received a wildcard into the China Open in Beijing. As a Wuhan Open semifinalist, she received a first-round bye.She defeated the 2017 French Open champion Jelena Ostapenko in the second round by 6–0, 6–0. In the third round, she beat Karolína Plíšková for the second time in consecutive weeks in straight sets. In the quarterfinal, she defeated Wuhan champion Aryna Sabalenka in two very tight sets. Her run ended in the semifinal, at the hands of former world No. 1, Caroline Wozniacki. However, her first ever Premier Mandatory semifinal earned her a new career-high ranking of No. 24.<mask> was seeded sixth in Hong Kong. She defeated Zhang Ling and Christina McHale to reach the quarterfinals, where she faced top seed Elina Svitolina. <mask> took a decisive lead quickly, taking the first set 6–2 and was leading 5–2 in the second when the match was suspended for the night due to a sudden downpour. She closed out the set 6–4 the next day, advancing to the semifinals. In the semifinal she defeated fourth seed Garbiñe Muguruza in three sets, coming back from a 1–4 deficit in the third to win 7–5. In her third final of the year, <mask> was defeated by 18-year-old Dayana Yastremska in straight sets. On 22 October, she reached a new career-high ranking of No.22. She was awarded a wildcard to enter the WTA Elite Trophy, but with withdrawals from both Serena Williams and Jelena Ostapenko, she qualified for the main draw with her ranking. In her first round-robin match, she lost to Daria Kasatkina in three sets. She then played Madison Keys, winning the match in three sets. Later, Keys, as the winner of the group, announced her withdrawal due to a knee injury, allowing the second-placed <mask> to play the semifinal match against Muguruza, where she won in straight sets. In the final, she was defeated by Ashleigh Barty. Her performance in Zhuhai saw her break the top 20 for the first time, and ensured she would end the year as world No.20. 2019: First Grand Slam quarterfinal, top 15 debut and career-high ranking Seeded 21st at the Australian Open (her first ever seeding at a Grand Slam tournament), <mask> defeated Fiona Ferro and Aleksandra Krunić, and then lost to 13th seed Anastasija Sevastova. This was her best performance to date at the tournament. At Indian Wells, she defeated 16th seed Elise Mertens and reached the fourth round, losing to the Canadian wildcard (and eventual champion) Bianca Andreescu. In Miami, she reached the quarterfinals, where she lost to second seed Simona Halep. At the Prague Open, she was seeded third, reaching the quarterfinals and then lost to Bernarda Pera. <mask> failed to advance past the second round at any tournament during the clay-court season, losing in the first round at Madrid and Rome, and losing in the second round at Strasbourg and the French Open.At the Birmingham Classic, she defeated Lauren Davis and then lost to Venus Williams in the second round. She subsequently withdrew from the Eastbourne International. At Wimbledon, she was seeded 15th. She defeated Vera Lapko and Tamara Zidanšek, and then lost to Elise Mertens in the third round. This was her best result at the tournament to date. She achieved a series of new career-high rankings over the course of the year, achieving the world No. 15 ranking prior to Wimbledon.At the US Open, <mask> was seeded 18th. She defeated Caroline Dolehide, Alison Van Uytvanck, and Fiona Ferro to advance to the second week of a Grand Slam event for the first time. She then upset tournament favorite and world No. 2, Ash Barty in the fourth round, her first victory over a top-three player, to advance to her first Grand Slam quarterfinal. She became just the fifth Chinese player in history, after Li Na, Zheng Jie, Peng Shuai, and Zhang Shuai, to reach a Grand Slam singles quarterfinal, and the third to do so at the US Open, after Li and Peng. However, she heavily lost to eventual runner-up Serena Williams in straight sets, winning just one game. After the tournament, she rose six places to reach another new career high of world No.12, becoming the second-highest ranked Chinese singles player in history. <mask> struggled following the US Open though, managing just two match wins on the Asian hard courts, one in Wuhan and the other in Tianjin. After failing to qualify or receive a wildcard for the WTA Elite Trophy, she finished the year ranked No. 29, her second consecutive year inside the top 30. 2020: Australian Open win over Serena Williams <mask> opened her new season with a quarterfinal appearance at the Shenzhen Open and a first-round loss to Angelique Kerber at the Adelaide International. Seeded 27th at the Australian Open, she defeated Pauline Parmentier and Fiona Ferro to reach the third round, where she pulled off a major upset by defeating eighth seed Serena Williams in three sets, avenging her lopsided loss to the American at the previous US Open. However, she was upset herself in the fourth round by the unseeded Tunisian Ons Jabeur.After the Australian Open, <mask> played three more events, losing in the quarterfinals of the Hua Hin Championships, and the first round of both the Dubai Open and Qatar Open. 2021: Rough start to the season, first clay final, return to top 40, Olympics, hiatus and out of top 100 <mask> returned to action on the WTA Tour in the Abu Dhabi Open but lost to Daria Kasatkina in the first round. This was followed by another two opening-match losses in the Gippsland Trophy and the Australian Open. <mask> finally won her first match of the season against Maddison Inglis in the Phillip Island Trophy, but lost in the next round to Irina-Camelia Begu. <mask>'s next event was in Adelaide, where again she was able to get a round of 32 win, this time against Olivia Gadecki, before falling to Jil Teichmann in her fifth three set loss of the season. <mask> failed to get a win in the Middle East swing, losing to Jessica Pegula and Svetlana Kuznetsova, despite serving for the match against the latter. <mask> later played at Miami, where she managed to win a deciding set for the first time in the season, beating Aliona Bolsova, but fell in two tight sets to Markéta Vondroušová in the next round.Following this event, due to <mask> defending a large number of ranking points, <mask> fell to the world No. 50, as the China No. 2. <mask> opened her clay-court season with a win over Anastasia Gasanova in the Istanbul Cup, however she suffered three consecutive losses after this; against Ana Konjuh in that same tournament, then Karolína Muchová in Madrid and Amanda Anisimova in Rome. However, <mask> rebounded for the next event, the Emilia-Romagna Open, where she beat a top 100 player for the first time that season, defeating Misaki Doi, followed by victories over Martina Di Giuseppe, Petra Martić, and Sloane Stephens to reach her first ever clay final and first final outside of China in three years. However, she ended up losing in a lopsided final, winning only four games against Coco Gauff. This tournament brought <mask> back into the top 40 of the WTA rankings, and she regained the spot as the top ranked Chinese tennis player.<mask> left the French Open with a second round finish, again with a straight sets defeat to Coco Gauff. At the 2020 Tokyo Olympics, she reached the second round defeating Veronica Cepede Royg. Her win over the Paraguayan bettered her Rio 2016 debut where she lost to Svetlana Kuznetsova in the first round. 2022: Australian Open third round For the first time since the 2020 Australian Open, <mask> won consecutive matches in a Grand Slam championship, upsetting 18th seed Coco Gauff in the first round, and then defeating Alison Van Uytvanck. <mask> backed up this result with a semifinal appearance in Abierto Zapopan, where she fell in straight sets to Marie Bouzkova. Performance timelines Only main-draw results in WTA Tour, Grand Slam tournaments, Fed Cup/Billie Jean King Cup and Olympic Games are included in win/loss records. Singles Current after the 2022 Abierto Zapopan.Doubles Current after the 2021 Italian Open. Significant finals WTA Elite Trophy Singles: 1 (runner–up) WTA career finals Singles: 5 (2 titles, 3 runner-ups) Doubles: 1 (runner-up) WTA Challenger finals Singles: 2 (1 title, 1 runner-up) ITF Circuit finals Singles: 18 (13 titles, 5 runner–ups) Doubles: 2 (1 title, 1 runner–up) WTA Tour career earnings As of 15 November 2021 Career Grand Slam statistics Seedings The tournaments won by <mask> are in boldface, and advanced into finals by <mask> are in italics. Head-to-head record Record against top 10 players <mask>'s record against players who have been ranked in the top 10. Active players are in boldface. Wins over top 10 players Notes References External links Living people 1992 births Tennis players from Tianjin Chinese female tennis players Asian Games gold medalists for China Asian Games medalists in tennis Tennis players at the 2014 Asian Games Olympic tennis players of China Tennis players at the 2016 Summer Olympics Medalists at the 2014 Asian Games Tennis players at the 2018 Asian Games Medalists at the 2018 Asian Games Tennis players at the 2020 Summer Olympics

Ann Demeulemeester

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<mask> (born 29 December 1959) is a Belgian fashion designer whose label, <mask>ulemeester, is mainly showcased at the annual Paris Fashion Week. She is known as one of the Antwerp Six in the fashion industry. Early life <mask> was born in Kortrijk in 1959 to Albert and Monique Verhelst-Pappijn, and later lived in the city of Bruges. The reason why she made the decision to change her real name "Verhelst" to "Demeulemeester" remains unknown. Initially, Verhelst showed no interest in fashion. She attended art school for three years, where she discovered her fascination with people and portraiture, which led her to begin thinking about clothing design. From this, she went on to study fashion design at the Royal Academy of Fine Arts in Antwerp from 1978 to 1981.In 1986, Verhelst, along with fellow graduates from the Antwerp Royal Academy, decided to showcase her collection in London. Though, as she was pregnant at the time and unable to make the trip to London, she only displayed a selection of sunglasses. This group of Belgian designers will soon be known as the 'Antwerp Six', a radical and distinctive Belgian group of designers of the 1980s to whom Verhelst has been associated, almost by mistake, but will forever be linked to. This group of avant-garde designers are known for their deconstructivist styles of creating untraditional clothing lines. Other notables from the group include Dries van Noten and Walter Van Beirendonck. Career Late beginnings Verhelst graduated from the Royal Academy of Fine Arts in 1981,. A year after her graduation, she won the Gouden Spoel, a Belgian awarded prize to the year's most promising fashion designer, though the impact of the award in the industry was very limited.Verhelst struggled to find a first job and began working as a freelance pattern maker, assisting fashion icon Martin Margiela , for an undisclosed Italian coat brand for a few years. <mask>ulemeester In 1985, Verhelst finally launched her own brand, <mask>meulemeester-Verhelst, in collaboration with her husband, Patrick Robyn, who put an end to a burgeoning career as a photographer to devote himself to his wife's fashion label, assuming the role of a shadow creative director for the brand, an unofficial position that he has still been occupying to this days. In 1996, she debuted her own menswear line. |url=https://www.gq.com/story/ann-demeulemeester-is-leaving-her-fashion-house |title=<mask>ulemeester Is Leaving Her Fashion House |first=Jian |last=DeLeon |date=November 20, 2013 |work=GQ |access-date=2019-12-29 |df=mdy-all}}</ref> She opened her first store in Antwerp in 1999. Verhelst worked with the artist Jim Dine, and draws inspiration from singer Patti Smith. She worked on a clothing line inspired by Jackson Pollock. In June 2013, her parent company 32 BVBA, which also housed designer Haider Ackermann, split into independent brands.In November 2013, Verhelst announced she was leaving the fashion house. The exit letter also explained that the brand will show its autumn/winter 2014 men's and women's collection together at February's Paris Fashion Week. Following her departure, <mask> choose herself the French designer Sébastien Meunier as her successor as artistic director of the brand. Sébastien Meunier had previously worked for 10 years with the Belgian fashion genius Martin Margiela before joining <mask>ulemeester in 2010, officially for designing the house's men's collections while in reality being trained by <mask> and Patrick Robyn themselves to his future position of artistic director. The Demeulemeester label "operates freestanding stores in Antwerp, Hong Kong and Tokyo, and wholesales to an array of international retailers including Saks Fifth Avenue and Barneys New York in America, L’Eclaireur and Le Bon Marché in Paris and Lane Crawford and Joyce in Hong Kong." Ann Demeulemeester Serax After leaving fashion, Verhelst attended porcelain master classes in England and France. In 2019, she launched Ann Demeulemeester Serax in collaboration with Belgian diffusion label Serax, a collection of affordable porcelain dinner services hand-painted in China, but also silverware, glasses and larger houseware, following the path of other famous fashion designers of the like of Inès de la Fressange, José Levy or Christian Lacroix Antonioli After the Italian retailer Claudio Antonioli bought the company in 2020 and after the resignation of Sébastien Meunier, <mask> announced, in September 2021, her return to the Ann Demeulemeester label, therefore forever linking her name and legacy to Claudio Antonioli, whose name is mainly associated with the rise of luxury streetwear.That same month, the brand's Antwerp flagship store reopened after a year of renovation, drawing back to the minimalist aesthetic, originally conceived by the famed Belgian architects duo Robbrecht en Daem, the store itself now being mostly focused on the Ann Demeulemeester Serax homeware and furnitures collections rather than on the fashion collections, confirming the brand's smart transition from a "Fashion House" to a "Lifestyle Brand". In the meantime, Belgian national newspaper De Tijd revealed that 42 out of the 48 Antwerp-based employees of <mask>ulemeester had been dismissed, despite most of them have been working for the label for over 3 decades and were hired by <mask> herself. The article also revealed that the company itself was relocated to Milan, definitively cutting the fashion house from its historical Flemish roots. In an exclusive interview granted to journalist Jesse Brouns, <mask>, Patrick Robyn and Claudio Antonioli confirmed the relocation of the Belgian brand to Italy, the later stating that "Milan [compared to Antwerp] is a fashion city. That made recruiting a new team of 25 people easier." Claudio Antonioli enrolled designer Nina Maria Nitsche as “ghost” creative director of the brand, another Maison Margiela alumni, after her short and unfortunate stances at both Vetements and Kering’s own Brioni. At the same time, Antonioli also named Francesco Francavilla, a former Dolce & Gabbana and Rene Caovilla executive as Global Marketing and Communications Director, as well as naming Tobia Beretta, who previously worked as Commercial Manager of Neil Barrett for 3 years to the position of CEO of <mask>ulemeester DNA, Claudio Antonioli kept the 1944 born, Parisian PR legend, Michelle Montagne at the helm of the company's press relations. The brand's first fashion show under Antonioli era, which took place in October 2021 in Paris and relied mostly on denim and archives replicas, received mixed reviews from the international press. In February 2022, <mask>ster dressed Italian musician Mahmood for Sanremo Music Festival. Personal life Verhelst married photographer Patrick Robyn in 1985. The couple used to live in the outskirts of Antwerp in the famous Maison Guiette, the only house in Belgium designed by Le Corbusier. <mask> has since moved to Kesselhof manor, a 19th-century Italian rococo revival villa situated in the village of Kessel, that she bought from Baroness Diane Caroline Van Zuylen Van Nyevelt, whose family made its wealth in the Belgian Congo. Awards 1982 Golden Spindle Award, Belgium See also Antwerp Six List of fashion designers References External links 1959 births Living people Belgian fashion designers High fashion brands Royal Academy of Fine Arts (Antwerp) alumni People from Waregem Clothing brands of Belgium

Timothy Jacob Jensen

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<mask> (born 27 April 1962) is a Danish industrial designer. He was best known as CEO and Chief Designer of Jacob Jensen Design Studios (Scandinavia’s oldest design studio) from 1990 to 2018. <mask> was also the founder of the Scandinavian brand JACOB JENSEN. He has created numerous well-known designs for timepieces, jewellery, communication equipment, houseware, furniture and kitchens. He has also been prominent within the automotive design, branding and value clarification fields. Early life and career <mask> was born in Copenhagen, Denmark, and was raised in Hejlskov (Central Jutland). He is the son of the Danish industrial designer <mask> and Patricia Ryan.Early career In 1978, <mask> became an apprentice at his father’s (<mask>) studio. <mask> <mask> joined <mask>, David Lewis, and Bang & Olufsen’s team of chief designers at the age of 17. In 1982, he became chief designer of the Jacob Jensen Design studio. In 1985, he opened his own studio in Copenhagen called Voss Foerlev & Jensen. The studio closed in 1988, at which time <mask> started collaborating with various international designers including Ross Litell. In 1983, he designed his first car name "Logicar". Founding JACOB JENSEN In 1985, he founded JACOB JENSEN.The company designs lifestyle products including watches, clocks, jewellery, smoke alarms, telephones, kitchen products, and other products. In 1985, <mask> designed wristwatches The Classic series models 510 and 520, which were included at the design study collection in the Museum of Modern Art (New York City). In 1996, the wristwatches were also awarded “Watch of the Year.” In 1990, he purchased the Jacob Jensen Design studio and became the company's CEO and chief designer. <mask> developed the Jacob Jensen Design studio internationally, collaborating with numerous major companies including ECCO (Danish shoe manufacturer), Gaggenau Hausgeräte, Bang & Olufsen, Haier, LG, Panasonic, Steinway Lyngdorf (Steinway and Sons), Toshiba, Vertu, Lufthansa, and Volvo. From 1991 to 1998, <mask> worked as chief designer for Gaggenau Hausgeräte’s design programme, where he designed ceramic hobs, built-in ovens, extractor hoods, dishwashers, washing machines and tumble dryers. A number of these products received awards including the EB900 Built-in oven and CK494 Glass ceramic hob. At 48 years of age, he became professor at Fudan University in Shanghai.<mask>'s works have been featured is various museums, including the Museum of Modern Art (New York City), the Musée des Arts décoratifs, Strasbourg (Paris), the Danish Museum of Art and Design (now known as Danish Museum of Art & Design), the Museum für angewandte Kunst Frankfurt (Frankfurt), the Danish Watch Museum (Aarhus), Het Kleine Veenloo Museum (Veenendaal), Royal Library, Denmark (Copenhagen), Kalmar Konstmuseum (Kalmar), the Chicago Athenaeum (Chicago), Bauhaus Museum, Weimar (Berlin), Louisiana Museum of Modern Art (Copenhagen), Die Neue Sammlung (Munich), and others. In 2011, <mask> founded his first subsidiary, the Jacob Jensen Design / DeTao Shanghai studio. The studio was created in collaboration with the DeTao Group at SIVA Campus in Shanghai. In 2014, the Jacob Jensen Design studio established its second subsidiary studio named Jacob Jensen Design / KMUTT Bangkok. The studio was founded in collaboration with King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi. <mask> sold all of his shares from Jacob Jensen Design Studio in May 2018 and stopped working for the company in October 2018. He left Jacob Jensen Design Studio to start his own project.Other Work <mask> <mask> was appointed as Master of the DeTao Masters Academy in Beijing in 2011. He was later appointed as Honorary professor at the Shanghai Institute of Visual Art (SIVA), China. <mask> was subsequently awarded the title of High-level Expert by the China Industrial Design Association (CIDA). He currently also serves as a lecturer at universities, companies, and other institutions. <mask> <mask> was appointed by the iF International Forum Design to be jury member of iF design Award 2019 in the 'Discipline Product’ category. He founded Timothy Jacob Jenson Studios. As CEO at Jacob Jensen Design, he founded the Scandinavian lifestyle brand Jacob Jensen, which is currently represented in 30 countries.In 2017 <mask> was named Designer of the Year in China, and in 2019 he was selected as jury member for the iF Product Design Award. <mask> is considered the most awarded Danish designer, heading the most award-winning design family in the world. Jacob Jensen Design Studios In 1990, <mask> became chief executive officer and chief designer of the Jacob Jensen Design studio, and expanded the company internationally. The studio focuses on design, and has branches in Denmark, China, and Thailand. In 2018, <mask> left his positions as chief designer, CEO and board member, and is currently working under his own name. In 2019 he founded Timothy Jacob Jensen Studios, and in 2021 he launched digital SaaS platform Designers Trust. Design Style <mask> <mask> developed his father's design works, which involved the merging of the International style (architecture) and MAYA style.<mask> turned his father's two-dimensional graphic works into three-dimensional designs, applying this to multiple major brands including Gaggenau, Vertu, Steinway Lyngdorf (Steinway & Sons), and JACOB JENSEN. <mask>'s maxim is “Form follows feeling.” Gaggenau Hausgeräte From 1991 to 1998, <mask> was served as designer for Gaggenau Hausgeräte’s design programme. This comprised several ranges of products including ceramic hobs, built-in ovens, extractor hoods, dishwashers, washing machines, and tumble dryers. A number of these products received awards, primarily in Germany. These include the EB900 Built-in oven and CK494 Glass ceramic hob. In 1995, Gaggenau Hausgeräte was acquired by Bosch-Semiens Hausgeräte (BSH Hausgeräte). Works <mask> <mask>’s best known works include the Bang & Olufsen Beocenter 9000 (1986), Bang & Olufsen Beowatch (1993), Jabra JX10 Bluetooth headset (2005), Vertu Aerius Bluetooth headset (2006), Gaggenau EB900 Built-in oven (1993), Gaggenau CK494 Glass ceramic hob (1993), Rosti Mepal Victoria Bowl (2008), Steinway Lyngdorf Model D Music System (2007), Toshiba WL768 flat screen television (2010), Tommerup Kister Diamant 32 Coffin (2010), Lufthansa First Class Aminety Kit (2016), Danzka The Spirit (2016), Phicomm K3 Router (2017), Classic Watch (Model 510), JACOB JENSEN Strata Watch 270 and 280 (2014), JACOB JENSEN Smoke Alarm (2001), Telephone T3, JACOB JENSEN Air Quality Monitor (2016), JACOB JENSEN Weather station series (1999), and others.Awards IF Award (1990–2018, Germany) China Red Star Design Award (2013–2017, China) German Design Award (2012–2017, Germany) Red Dot Award (1993–2017, Germany) Design Plus Award (1988–2016, Germany) German Design Award (2012–2018, Germany) IDA Awards, (2016, U.S.) Plus X Award (2006–2016, Germany) Good Design Award (1985–2012, Japan) Designer of the Year (2017, China). Personal life <mask> <mask> has two daughters, Toko and Freja. See also Danish Modern Jørn Utzon Raymond Loewy Jacob <mask> International style (architecture) References External links www.timothyjacobjensen.com www.oobject.com/category/10-classic-jacob-jensen-gadgets https://timothyjacobjensen.com/timothy-jacob-jensen/ issuu.com/worldofjacobjensen/docs/jacobjensendesign Living people 1962 births Danish industrial designers

Philip Sparke

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<mask> (born 29 December 1951) is an English composer and musician born in London, noted for his concert band and brass band music. His early major works include The Land of the Long White Cloud – "Aotearoa", written for the 1980 Centennial New Zealand Brass Band championship. He subsequently went on to win the EBU New Music for Band Competition three times, including in 1986 with a commission from the BBC called Orient Express. Since May 2000, his music has been published under his own label Anglo Music Press, and distributed by Hal Leonard. 1 Overture Aria Scherzo 1990 Triptych for Brass-Band 1990 A Yorkshire Overture 1991 Celebration 1991 Concerto for Trumpet or Cornet for Brass-Band 1992 Euphonism (Euphonium Duet) for Brass-Band 1992 Jamaica Farewell 1992/1996 Jubilee-Prelude 1992 Serenade for Horns (E-flat Horn Trio) for Brass-Band 1992 Festival Overture 1992 Mountain Song 1992 Mambo Jumbo 1992 River City Serenade 1992 Sinfonietta Nr. World premier on 15 March 2008 in London, UK, at the AMIS 2008 International Band and Choir Festival. Harmony Music for Brass-Band 2007 Legend of Celobrium commissioned by the Harmonie de Soleuvre, Luxembourg, to celebrate their 100th Anniversary 2007 A Monmouth Overture commissioned for Monmouth School Symphonic Wind band 2007 Tales of the River Wye commissioned for Monmouth School Junior Symphonic Wind Band 2007 Music for Battle Creek for Brass-Band 2007 Symphonic Metamorphosis on Themes from Saint-Saëns' 3rd Symphony 2008 Letter From Home commissioned by the James Madison University Brass Band, Harrisonburg, VA 2008 The Roaring Forties for wind ensemble 2009 Neapolitan Holiday for wind ensemble Commissioned by the Green Hope High School Symphonic Band and Wind Ensemble directed by Brian Myers.World premier on 21 May 2009 at the Meymandi Concert Hall in Raleigh, North Carolina, United States. 2009 A Winter's Tale'' for concert band Commissioned by the Western Plains Wind Consortium, Daniel Baldwin, Founder and Director. World premiere on 1 December 2009 at the OPSU Centennial Theatre by the Oklahoma Panhandle State University Concert Band, under the direction of Dr. Matthew C. Saunders in Goodwell, Oklahoma, United States. 2010 "Atlantic Odyssey" for concert band Commissioned by the Oakton High School Bands of Vienna, Virginia, United States. World premiere by director Dr. Cheryl Newton at Oakton High School on 12 June 2010 by the Oakton High School Symphonic Band. 2010 "March Celebration" for concert band Commissioned by the Harmonie royale des sapeurs-pompiers d'Athus Bands of Athus, Belgium. World premiere on 23 October 2010 for the 135th anniversary of the Harmonie royale des sapeurs-pompiers d'Athus under the direction of Dr.Jean-Luc Becker at Centre Clemarais by the town's bands.2011 "Evolution: Five States of Change" for Brass Band 2014 "A Colour Symphony" - Symphony No.3 Commissioned by the "sinfonischen blasorchester wehdel", Thomas Ratzek, conductor, with funds provided by Stiftung Niedersächsischer Volksbanken und Raiffeisenbanken and Volksbank eG Bremerhaven-Cuxland. They gave the premiere on 22 November 2014 in the Stadttheater Bremerhaven, in the presence of the composer. 2014 Wind Sketches Commissioned by the Tacoma Concert Band from Washington State, USA. Trade Winds Becalmed Riding the Storm 2017 "Festival Prelude 'AD Excel'" Commissioned by the AD Concert Band to celebrate their 40th anniversary, by musical director Dr Trevor Farren. National Championships of Great Britain test pieces A number of <mask>'s compositions have been chosen as test pieces in the National Brass Band Championships of Great Britain. His pieces have been selected for various sections, both at the area contests and the national finals. References External links <mask>e's Homepage 1951 births Living people 20th-century classical composers 20th-century English composers 20th-century British male musicians 21st-century classical composers 21st-century British male musicians English classical composers English male classical composers Alumni of the Royal College of Music Brass band composers Musicians from London

Cy Coben

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Seymour "<mask><mask> (4 April 1919 – 26 May 2006) was an American songwriter, whose hits were recorded by bandleaders, country singers, and other artists such as The Beatles, Tommy Cooper and Leonard Nimoy. Biography Early life <mask> was born in Jersey City, New Jersey, United States, the youngest son of Harris ("Harry") Cohen and Nettie Brandt Cohen, and was originally named Seymour. His father was a wholesale meat supplier in New York City. <mask> learned to play the trumpet and studied at a local music academy. In 1942 he had his first charting song with "My Little Cousin", which Benny Goodman's orchestra and vocalist Peggy Lee took to No. 14. Coben spent the next several years in the Navy, serving in the South Pacific as a pharmacist's mate.On his return in 1946, he resumed his song writing career. He wrote "A Good Woman's Love" for his wife Shirley Nagel, whom he married in 1948. Post-war career In 1947, Coben wrote a novelty song called "(When You See) Those Flying Saucers" which was released as a single by the Buchanan Brothers; his co-author was Charles Randolph Grean, who was working for RCA/Victor. Grean was to become a long-time collaborator of <mask>'s. In 1949, Coben first visited Nashville and soon became a part of the music business there. In Nashville, Coben wrote for a variety of artists, but was especially associated with Eddy Arnold; he wrote "There's Been a Change in Me" and "I Wanna Play House With You," two No. 1 country hits for Arnold in 1951, and went on to write many other songs for him, often with Charles Grean, who was Arnold's manager - "Eddy's Song", a No.1 country hit in 1953; "Free Home Demonstration" (No. 4 country) in 1954, and others. <mask> and Grean also wrote songs for other artists, such as their version of "Sweet Violets", which charted for Dinah Shore and Jane Turzy in 1951. <mask> wrote "Nobody's Child" with Mel Foree; Hank Snow recorded it in 1949. Lonnie Donegan later brought it to the United Kingdom, and the Beatles recorded it during their early days playing in Hamburg, Germany. <mask> wrote many novelty songs; one of his biggest novelty hits was "The Old Piano Roll Blues" (1950). He also wrote for Homer and Jethro - "The Billboard Song" became a much-recorded favorite, and "Don't Jump Off the Roof, Dad" was later a hit for British comedian Tommy Cooper.<mask> wrote "How to Catch a Man" for country comedian Minnie Pearl and it became one of her standards. In 1977 country-rock band The New Riders of the Purple Sage recorded <mask>'s "Red Hot Women and Ice Cold Beer," in which Coben drew on his World War II experience in the U.S. Navy to describe what sailors wanted. His old collaborator Charles Grean was Leonard Nimoy's record producer, and <mask> wrote several songs for him ("Alien", "The Difference Between Us"). Reception in Europe Coben's humor and sentiment translated well to the European market. Bill Ramsey took <mask>'s "Souvenirs" to No. 1 in Germany in 1959, and Belgian star Will Tura recorded a number of Coben tunes ("Show Me the Man"/"Waar is de man"; "The Great El Tigre"/"El Bandido"). "Goethe War Gut" charted in Germany for Rudi Carrell in 1978.Later career Comedian Sheb Wooley's 1968 song "Country Music Hall of Fame" (as Hee Haw regular "Ben Colder") envisioned <mask> as an Hall of Fame inductee. But <mask> was never elected to the Country Music Hall of Fame or the Nashville Songwriters Hall of Fame, according to his friend "Cowboy" Jack Clement, because "the young folks just don't know about him." <mask> retired to Atherton, California. He died on May 26, 2006. An obituary was published by the San Francisco Chronicle on June 12, 2006, and included an image of <mask> in his later years. Charting hits by <mask> "My Little Cousin" (Coben/Happy Lewis/Sam Braverman) - No. 14 hit for Benny Goodman/Peggy Lee in 1942 "There's No Wings On My Angel" (Coben/Arnold/Doug Melsher) - No.6 Country/Western hit for Eddy Arnold, 1949 "I Love the Guy" (Coben) - No. 10 pop hit for Sarah Vaughan and No. 22 for Fran Warren in 1950 "Old Piano Roll Blues" - in 1950, charted for Hoagy Carmichael and Cass Daley (No. 11); Lawrence Cook (No. 13); Cliff Steward and the San Francisco Boys (No. 18); Eddie Cantor, Lisa Kirk, and the Sammy Kaye Orchestra (No. 25); Jan Garber and His Orchestra (No.30); and The Jubalaires (No. 25). It also appeared on the soundtrack of the 1951 movie Rich, Young and Pretty "There's Been a Change in Me" (Coben) - No. 1 Country/Western hit for Eddy Arnold, 1951 "I Wanna Play House with You" (Coben) - No. 1 Country/Western hit for Eddy Arnold, 1951 "Meanderin'" (Coben/George Botsford/Charles R. Grean) - No. 28 pop hit for Vaughn Monroe in 1951 "Something Old, Something New" (Coben/Grean) - B side of "I Wanna Play House with You", reached No. 4 for Arnold "Sweet Violets" - arranged by Coben and Grean; No.3 pop hit for Dinah Shore, 1951; another 1951 version by Jane Turzy reached No. 11 on the Billboard jukebox chart, and Doris Drew took it to No. 22 "Lonely Little Robin" (Coben) - No. 14 jukebox hit for The Pinetoppers in 1951; also No. 25 radio hit for Mindy Carson "Never Been Kissed" (Coben/Grean) - No. 19 pop hit for Freddy Martin in 1951 "Easy on the Eyes" (Coben/Arnold) - No. 1 Country/Western hit for Eddy Arnold, 1952 "Lady's Man" (<mask>) - No.2 Country/Western hit for Hank Snow in 1952 "Older and Bolder" (<mask>) - No. 3 Country/Western hit for Eddy Arnold in 1952 "Do I Like It" (Coben) - No. 6 C/W hit for Carl Smith in 1953 "Eddy's Song" (Charlie Grean, <mask>) - No. 1 Country/Western hit for Eddy Arnold in 1953 "Free Home Demonstration" (Grean, Coben) - No. 4 Country/Western hit for Eddy Arnold in 1953 "Beware of 'It'" - No. 9 C/W hit for Johnnie & Jack in 1954 "Hep Cat Baby" - No. 7 Country/Western hit for Eddy Arnold in 1954 "That Crazy Mambo Thing" - No.10 C/W hit for Hank Snow in 1954 "Would You Mind" - No. 3 C/W hit for Hank Snow, 1955 "I Saw Esau" - No. 51 pop hit for The Ames Brothers in 1956 "My Treasure" (Coben/Bill Templeton) - No. 31 pop hit for The Hilltoppers in 1956 "Souvenirs" (Coben) - No. 1 hit in Germany for Bill Ramsey in 1959 "Don't Jump Off the Roof, Dad" - charted in the UK for Tommy Cooper in 1961 "That Greasy Kid Stuff" - reached No. 74 for Janie Grant in 1962 "I'm a Walkin' Advertisement (For the Blues)" - No. 32 Country hit for Norma Jean in 1964 "The Great El Tigre (The Tiger)" (Coben) - No.32 Country hit for Stu Phillips in 1966 "The Game of Triangles" (Coben) - No. 5 Country hit for Norma Jean, Liz Anderson, and Bobby Bare in 1966 "Burning a Hole in My Mind" (Coben) - No. 5 C/W hit for Connie Smith, 1967 "Chet's Tune" (Coben) - No. 38 country hit by "Some of Chet's Friends" (a tribute to Chet Atkins, who was a friend of Coben) "Nobody's Child" (Coben/Mel Foree)- charted for Hank Williams Jr. (No. 46 Country, 1967), Karen Young (UK No. 6, 1969) "The Name of the Game was Love" (Coben) - No. 16 Country for Hank Snow in 1969 "Johnny's Cash and Charley's Pride" (Coben) - No.38 C/W for Mac Wiseman in 1969 "A Good Woman's Love" (Coben) - charted for Jerry Reed (No. 12 Country, 1974) "Goethe War Gut" (<mask>, Charles Grean, Thomas Woitkewitsch) - charted in Germany for Rudi Carrell in 1978 References American country songwriters American male songwriters Jewish songwriters Musicians from Jersey City, New Jersey 1919 births 2006 deaths 20th-century American musicians Songwriters from New Jersey People from Atherton, California 20th-century American male musicians

Steve Hodge

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<mask> (born 25 October 1962) is an English retired footballer who played as a midfielder. He enjoyed a high-profile club and international career in the 1980s and 1990s. Prior to the 2013–14 season <mask> was appointed development squad coach at Notts County. On 27 October 2013 <mask> was appointed caretaker manager, reverting to his position as development squad coach on 6 November 2013 with the appointment of Shaun Derry as manager. Playing career Nottingham Forest A left-footed midfielder who was comfortable in a central or wide position, <mask> was born in Nottingham and joined his boyhood club Nottingham Forest as an apprentice in 1980; he made his debut against Ipswich Town on the final day of the 1981–82 season. A favourite of Forest's manager Brian Clough, <mask> became a first-team regular the following season as the club tried to build a new young team after the side which won two European Cups began to age and disintegrate. <mask> was a frequent goalscorer from midfield as Forest consolidated their League position but were unable to push for trophies other than a semi-final in the UEFA Cup in 1984, where they lost in controversial circumstances to Anderlecht.In the summer of 1985, Forest surprisingly accepted an offer of £450,000 from Aston Villa and <mask> – whose nickname was Harry – made his move from the East Midlands to the West Midlands. Aston Villa The move to Birmingham did work initially but the team was in decline and once <mask> had received England recognition, it was perceived by the Villa fans that he was not fully committed to the team's cause, typified during a 4–1 home defeat by Norwich City where his intended back pass to Kevin Poole was slotted in by a Norwich player – the boos ringing round the ground signalled the beginning of the end for his Villa career. <mask> was sold to Tottenham in December 1986 for £650,000. Tottenham Hotspur Tottenham manager David Pleat put <mask> wide on the left of a vibrant, attacking five-man midfield which also included England teammates Hoddle and Chris Waddle, Argentinian veteran Osvaldo Ardiles and hardworking ballwinner Paul Allen. Each were expected to contribute goals and assists behind one main centre forward, Clive Allen, and it worked. <mask> scored on his debut on Boxing Day 1986 in a 4–0 thrashing of West Ham United and scored three times more while creating plenty for others as Spurs chased three trophies. Sadly for <mask>, his quest for domestic success eluded him again as Spurs were knocked out by fierce rivals Arsenal in the semi-finals of the League Cup, tailed off in their First Division title charge and came third, and lost a thrilling 1987 FA Cup Final at Wembley against Coventry City, following an outstanding 4–1 semi-final win over Watford in which <mask> scored twice.Return to Forest Clough paid Spurs £550,000 to take <mask> back to Nottingham Forest. The club won the Full Members Cup in 1989 and then reached the League Cup final, with <mask> finally winning a major domestic medal: the 3–1 win over Luton Town at Wembley saw him play a crucial part as it was he, making a foraging run from deep, who was brought down for the penalty which Nigel Clough converted, setting Forest on the road to victory. A week later, however, <mask> was one of the Forest players who had to cope with the horrors of the Hillsborough disaster during the opening minutes of their FA Cup semi-final against Liverpool. He played in the rescheduled game at Old Trafford, which Liverpool won 3–1. The following season, <mask> played as Forest retained the League Cup with a 1–0 win over Oldham Athletic, but by the next year he was struggling to hold down a regular place in the team's midfield after the emergence of teenage Irish phenomenon Roy Keane to partner Garry Parker, who had become the first-choice central midfielder despite being the only one of the three never to play international football. He was only named as a substitute by Clough for the 1991 FA Cup Final against his old club Tottenham Hotspur; he came on as a second-half substitute but Spurs ran out 2–1 winners after extra time. Leeds United In the summer of 1991, <mask> was sold to Leeds United for £900,000 – the highest transfer fee he had commanded.He struggled to win a regular place at Elland Road but did make a significant contribution to the league title winning side of 1991–92, winning a championship medal. In that season he made 23 appearances and scored seven goals; his goal tally included two braces in games against Sheffield United (won 4-3) and Southampton (drew 3-3) and the only goal in a 1-0 win over Liverpool. In 1994 <mask> went on loan to Derby County. Late career He joined Queens Park Rangers for a nominal fee in 1994. Two seasons followed with <mask> playing just 15 times. Next he joined Watford. He played twice for them in the 1995–96 season.An unsuccessful trial at Walsall came in the autumn of 1996, followed by a brief spell playing in Hong Kong. He signed for Division Three side Leyton Orient in March 1998, playing just once before finally retiring from playing at the end of the season. International Though he was only three caps into his international career by the time Bobby Robson announced his squad for the 1986 FIFA World Cup, <mask> was given a place on the plane to Mexico, coming on as a substitute in the first two group games against Portugal and Morocco, which England lost and drew respectively. Making urgent changes for the final group game against Poland, Robson put <mask> in the side and he responded with an outstanding personal display within a crushing team performance. <mask>'s superb left wing cross on the run gave Gary Lineker his second goal in a first half hat-trick which eased England's passage to the second round. There they faced Paraguay, and it was a sliding, stretching <mask> who kept in an over-hit cross from Glenn Hoddle, by pushing the ball into the path of Lineker to tap home. Again England were 3–0 victors, with Argentina awaiting ominously in the last eight.Here <mask> would earn his own somewhat dubious place in football history – inadvertently setting up Maradona's 'Hand of God' goal – and ending the game with a highly prized memento, Maradona's No. 10 shirt. The shirt currently resides in The National Football Museum in Manchester. <mask> retained his place in the team as England began their qualification campaign for the 1988 European Championships with victories over Northern Ireland and Yugoslavia, but was not selected for the finals squad. Robson recalled <mask> for the first game after the European Championships – a 1–0 win over Denmark at Wembley – as he had been briefly back on form at club level with Nottingham Forest. He was again cast aside internationally afterwards, but his club form improved dramatically and he found himself regularly called up by Robson as a result, though actual appearances were scarce. He managed to force his way back into the England reckoning with a strong appearance as a substitute against Italy at Wembley, by which time England's place at the 1990 FIFA World Cup was secured.<mask> subsequently played in the final four warm-up matches before the tournament itself. To his delight, <mask> made the final squad but he then suffered an injury and as a consequence was the only outfield England player not to kick a ball during the tournament, even though England reached the semi-finals. He didn't even regain his fitness in time to get on the pitch for the third-place play-off game. Robson quit after the World Cup and <mask> was not selected initially by successor Graham Taylor. Taylor brought <mask> back for a 2–0 win over Cameroon early in 1991 and he was then given his 24th and final cap in a 1–0 win against Turkey in İzmir in a qualifier for the 1992 European Championships. Coaching career Having gained an A coaching licence <mask> worked with Roy McFarland at Chesterfield. He had brief roles at Notts County as development squad manager, and as caretaker manager of the first team.Bibliography In 2010 <mask> released an autobiography entitled, "The Man With Maradona's Shirt". Following Maradona’s death in November 2020, <mask> was subjected to numerous requests from people wishing to buy the shirt he had swapped with Maradona at the end of the World Cup quarter-final in 1986. <mask> said, "It’s not for sale. I am not trying to sell it." Honours Club Tottenham Hotspur FA Cup runner-up: 1987 Nottingham Forest Full Members' Cup winner: 1989 Football League Cup winner: 1989, 1990 FA Cup runner-up: 1991 Leeds United Football League First Division champion: 1991–92 FA Charity Shield winner: 1992 International England U21 UEFA European Under-21 Championship champion: 1984 England FIFA World Cup fourth-place: 1990 Individual Nottingham Forest F.C. Player of the Year: 1982–83 Football League First Division PFA Team of the Year: 1989–90 References Specific General 1962 births Living people Footballers from Nottingham English footballers England under-21 international footballers England B international footballers England international footballers Association football midfielders Nottingham Forest F.C. players Aston Villa F.C.players Tottenham Hotspur F.C. players Leeds United F.C. players Derby County F.C. players Queens Park Rangers F.C. players Watford F.C. players Leyton Orient F.C. players English football managers Notts County F.C.managers English Football League players Premier League players 1986 FIFA World Cup players 1990 FIFA World Cup players English Football League managers English autobiographers FA Cup Final players

Kurtis Patterson

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<mask> (born 5 April 1993) is an Australian cricketer who plays for the New South Wales cricket team in the Sheffield Shield, and the Perth Scorchers in the Big Bash League. <mask> scored a century on his first-class cricket debut for New South Wales in November 2011, becoming the youngest batsman to score a century in Sheffield Shield cricket. In January 2019, he made his Test debut for Australia against Sri Lanka, becoming the 457th person to play test cricket for Australia. He made a century in just his second test match in Canberra, also against Sri Lanka. He was not selected for the 2019 Ashes series and returned to play domestically in the 2019/2020 season. Early life <mask> was born in the Sydney suburb of Hurstville and grew up in Roselands and then Lugarno. He was born into a family with a strong sporting pedigree.His mum Dana played volleyball for Australia and his father Brad played cricket for Northern Districts in Sydney's first grade competition. <mask> went to high school at Christian Brothers in Lewisham. He played much of his junior cricket with St George Cricket Club. Aged 13, he played for St George in the AW Green Shield, which is Sydney's premier cricket competition for under 16's. Playing Green Shield again the following year, he scored a total of 442 runs at an average of 88.40. By the time he was 17, <mask> was playing first grade for St George. At the start of the 2011/2012 season, he scored two centuries in the first 4 rounds, which saw him be selected to make his debut for New South Wales.Domestic career <mask> made his Sheffield Shield debut for New South Wales against Western Australia in November 2011. He made an immediate statement by scoring 157 in the first innings and remaining 6 not out in the second innings as New South Wales won the match by 6 wickets. This performance earned him the player of the match honours. His century in the first innings saw him become the youngest player to score a century in the Sheffield Shield. At the age of 18 years and 206 days he broke the record that was previously held by Barry Shepherd, who scored a century aged 18 years and 241 days in 1955. Despite this initial success, he was not selected to play for New South Wales for the rest of the season. <mask> returned to the New South Wales side during the 2013/2014 season, playing 7 out of 11 games.Throughout the season he scored a total of 403 runs at an average of 31.00. He scored 4 half-centuries during the season, including 52 in the final against Western Australia, which was won by New South Wales. <mask> produced similar statistics during the 2014/2015 season, scoring 372 runs at an average of 28.61. <mask>'s break out year came during the 2015/2016 season. Play all but one game, he scored a total of 737 runs at an average of 52.64, which included two centuries and four half-centuries. This made him the highest run-scorer for New South Wales that season and the 6th highest run-scorer in the whole competition. He was then selected for Australia A to play in a 2016 winter series against South Africa A and India A.In two unofficial test matches against South Africa A, <mask> made scores of 74, 6, 92, and 50 not out. This made him the highest scorer in the series among both sides. During this offseason, he also played 6 one day matches for Australia A in a quadrangular series against India A, South Africa A, and Australia's National Performance Squad. His stand-out performance in the series was a score of 115 against India A in a match that Australia A won by 1 run. Still aged just 23 and with a first-class batting average of 42.91, <mask> was now in contention for national selection. Before the start of the 2016/2017 season, former New South Wales and Australian wicketkeeper Brad Haddin said that <mask> could be in contention to play for Australia that summer. He furthered his case by scoring a century against Queensland in the first round of the 2016/2017 Sheffield Shield season.After this innings, New South Wales coach Trent Johnston said he believed <mask> was ready for test cricket and deserved a chance at international level. However, <mask> was not selected for Australia and played out the rest of the season in the Sheffield Shield. Although he did not score a century for the rest of the season, he still finished the season with 668 runs at an average of 44.53. This was followed by another strong domestic season in 2017/2018 where he scored 672 runs. This marked the second time in three years that <mask> was the highest run-scorer for New South Wales. Despite his consistent run scoring ability, questions began to be asked in the media about his ability to convert his half-centuries into bigger scores. However, in round 5 of the 2018/2019, he made a score of 107 not out against Western Australia, his first Sheffield Shield century since 2016.Between that time, he had scored a total of 14 half-centuries without scoring a century. Domestic One-Day Career Since 2013, <mask> has played for New South Wales in Australia's domestic one-day competition. In his first year playing in the competition, he played 7 out of 8 matches and made 152 runs at an average of 25.33 as New South Wales finished runners up in the competition. He following year he had a slightly improved season, scoring 230 runs at an average of 32.85. He had his most successful season in the 2016 competition when he averaged 49.40. In the final, <mask> scored 77 not out as New South Wales won the title. Just before the start of the 2018 competition, New South Wales captain Peter Nevill broke his thumb, and <mask> was named as the new captain.He had a difficult start as captain as New South Wales lost the first 3 games of the season. He also struggled individually, averaging 23.80 for the season. After being in contention for a Test call-up in the 2017–18 Ashes series, <mask> played every match for New South Wales in the 2017–18 JLT One-Day Cup, scoring two fifties and averaging 41.33 runs per innings to be one of the team's top run-scorers for the tournament. During the 2019 season, <mask> was hampered by a quad injury, playing only two matches in the competition. Big Bash career For the inaugural season of the Big Bash League, Australia's franchise Twenty20 competition, <mask> was offered a roster spot by the Sydney Thunder. However, he turned it down to focus on making the New South Wales Sheffield Shield side. In the second season of the Big Bash, <mask> was signed by the Sydney Sixers franchise for the 2012/2013 season.In his first season, he only played one game for the Sixers. The following season, he was signed by cross-town rivals the Sydney Thunder. <mask> was not regularly selected for the Thunder, playing only 9 games in each of the next three seasons. In later seasons of the Big Bash he began to play for games for the Thunder but failed to make a significant impact. In his time at the Thunder, he played a total of 25 matches in 8 seasons with a total of 438 runs and a high score of 48. Just before the start of the 2019/2020 Big Bash season, <mask> signed a 3-year deal with the Perth Scorchers. He missed the opening rounds of the season due to a hamstring injury.He finally made his debut for the Scorchers in January 2020, however, after scoring 38 runs in 3 matches, he was dropped for the remainder of the season due to lack of runs. International career During the 2018/19 season, <mask> was selected to play for a Cricket Australia XI side against the touring Sri Lankans as a warm-up for the test series. <mask> scored unbeaten centuries in both innings, with 157 not out in the first innings and 102 not out in the second innings. He was named the player of the match. Despite this performance against the Sri Lankans, the Australian squad for the test series had already been named the previous week and <mask> had not been included. However the selectors backtracked and he was added to Australia's Test squad for the series against Sri Lanka. He made his Test debut for Australia against Sri Lanka on 24 January 2019.He had his baggy green cap presented to him by Michael Hussey. Batting at number 6, he made 30 off 82 balls in his first test innings before being dismissed LBW. He was not required to bat in the second innings as Australia won by an innings and 40 runs. He also took three catches in the match, including a diving, one-handed catch in the gully to dismiss Dilruwan Perera. He was retained in the side for the second Test match in Canberra. In the second test, he scored a century, the first of his Test career as Australia romped to a huge total, with Joe Burns and Travis Head also scoring centuries. <mask> finished with a score of 114 not out.With Travis Head also scoring his first test century in the same innings, it was the first time since 1989 that two Australian batsmen had made their first test centuries in the same innings. Both his parents and many of his friends were in the crowd when he reached his century. He did not bat in the second innings as Australia beat Sri Lanka by 366 runs, winning the series 2–0. 2019 Australia A tour of England Following the conclusion of the test series, <mask> returned to play for New South Wales in the Sheffield Shield. He finished the competition with a total of 724 runs, making him the 5th highest run-scorer for the season. This meant that <mask> was suddenly in contention for selection in the Australian side due to tour England for the 2019 Ashes series. <mask> was selected for the Australia A team that toured England in the lead up to the Ashes.These matches were considered to be crucial in deciding who would be selected for the Ashes. Before this tour, <mask> had only played 8 weeks of club cricket in England and he struggled to make runs. He scored 4, 32, and 28 for Australia A before scoring 2 and 0 in an intra-squad trial match. Ultimately, <mask> was not selected for the series, with Chairman of selectors Trevor Hohns saying <mask> was desperately unlucky to not be selected. Hohns also said the return of Steve Smith, David Warner, and Cameron Bancroft from their ball-tampering suspensions pushed players like <mask> out of the side. Injury and 2020 season At the start of the 2019/2020 season, <mask> suffered a quadriceps injury playing grade cricket for St George. While he started the Sheffield Shield season for New South Wales, he reinjured his leg while fielding against Tasmania and missed several months of cricket.This injury also meant that <mask> did not have a chance to impress national selectors before the Australia test squad for the summer was named. On his return from injury, <mask> only played 3 matches for New South Wales before the COVID-19 pandemic caused the cancellation of the last round of the season. <mask> stated towards the end of the season that he did not think the injury was affecting his batting. He was also selected for Australia A against England Lions in February 2020. He top-scored with 94 not out in the second innings of the match. References External links 1993 births Living people Australian cricketers Australia Test cricketers Cricketers from Sydney New South Wales cricketers Sydney Sixers cricketers Sydney Thunder cricketers Perth Scorchers cricketers People from New South Wales

Jason Peters

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<mask> (born January 22, 1982) is an American football offensive tackle for the Chicago Bears of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at Arkansas and signed with the Buffalo Bills as an undrafted free agent in 2004, originally as a tight end. He was later traded to the Philadelphia Eagles in 2009 and spent the next twelve seasons playing for them before joining the Bears in 2021. College career After starring in both football and basketball at Queen City High School (TX), <mask> attended the University of Arkansas and played for the Arkansas Razorbacks football team. Originally recruited as a defensive tackle, he spent his freshman campaign as a reserve defensive lineman. He was then moved to the tight end spot, where he caught four passes for 37 yards as a sophomore. In his junior season, <mask> registered 21 catches for 218 yards and four touchdowns, which earned him a second-team All-SEC selection.Professional career 2004 NFL Draft A fairly athletic tight end at more than 320 pounds, <mask> was seen as "a clone of former Denver Broncos giant Orson Mobley." Since he registered far more knockdown blocks (61) than catches (21) in his last year in college, <mask> spent much time prior to the 2004 NFL Draft working O-line drills, preparing himself to be an offensive tackle for the NFL. He was projected as an early fourth round pick by Sports Illustrated, but eventually went undrafted. Buffalo Bills <mask> was picked up by the Buffalo Bills as an undrafted rookie free agent in April 2004. He was cut then re-signed to the Bills' practice squad. He was signed to the active roster on November 12, 2004. <mask> made his mark on special teams as a wedge buster on kickoffs and as a blocking tight end, while beginning to learn to play offensive tackle under the tutelage of offensive line coach Jim McNally.In 2006, <mask> beat out former Texas star Mike Williams for starting right tackle on the Bills. <mask> was rewarded for his play, signing a 5-year, $15 million contract extension with the Bills in the offseason. In 2007, <mask> began the season entrenched as the starting right tackle. After Week 7, the Bills reshuffled their offensive line to better protect quarterback J. P. Losman. <mask> was moved to left tackle, replacing Mike Gandy who moved inside to left guard. After the 2006 season, Sports Illustrated's Paul Zimmerman debated selecting <mask> to his All-Pro team. "I was rooting for the Bills' <mask>, whom I would have loved to pick, but he isn't there yet.Very athletic, but not enough of a roughneck." <mask> allowed only two sacks in that season and was not called for a holding penalty. In 2007, <mask> saw his best years as a pro, and was selected to start at left tackle on the AFC Pro-Bowl team. As offensive line coach Jim McNally put it, "His ability is limitless." He injured his groin in a game against the New York Giants, and was unable to attend the Pro Bowl game. He was the first Bills offensive lineman to make the Pro Bowl since Ruben Brown in 2003. Joe Thomas was selected to replace him in the Pro Bowl.At the beginning of the 2008 offseason <mask> was unhappy with his contract and did not report to any of the Bills offseason workouts including the teams' mandatory minicamps. Head Coach Dick Jauron said that he would be fined and would even be taken out of the lineup if he did not show. <mask> reportedly wanted a contract between $8 million and $11.5 million per season in a contract extension. On July 25, 2008, the NFL Network's Adam Schefter reported <mask> would not report to the Bills' training camp at Saint John Fisher College in Pittsford, N.Y. Schefter also said <mask> was willing to sit out the entire season to get a new and improved contract. On August 20, 2008, training camp for the Bills came to an end with <mask> being absent for the whole camp and all of the preseason games. On September 5, 2008, <mask> ended his holdout and returned to the Buffalo Bills. <mask> was fined over $560,000 for missing all of training camp, but if he had missed a regular season game, he would have been fined $191,000 for each game he missed.<mask> was selected as the starting left tackle in the Pro Bowl and was a Second-team All-Pro although his 2008 season was subpar and some thought the Pro Bowl selection was dubious. In 2006, he allowed only two sacks and allowed six sacks in 2007. Philadelphia Eagles <mask> had been unhappy with his contract and had not been attending the Bills’ offseason activities after staging a holdout in 2008 during training camp. On April 17, 2009, the Buffalo Bills traded <mask> to the Philadelphia Eagles and received their first round pick (28th overall, used to select center Eric Wood) and fourth round pick (121st overall, used to select tight end Shawn Nelson) in the 2009 NFL Draft and a conditional sixth round pick in the 2010 NFL Draft (used to select linebacker Danny Batten). On April 17, 2009, the Philadelphia Eagles announced they had signed <mask> to a six-year, $60 million contract for him to remain in Philadelphia through 2014. The Eagles opted to void <mask>' previous contract he signed with the Bills that had two years remaining. Head coach Andy Reid added, "<mask> is the best left tackle in football.He is a powerful and athletic tackle and I have admired his play over the last few years on film." <mask> was selected to the 2010 Pro Bowl and 2011 Pro Bowl as a starter and was a 2010 second team All-Pro selection. On March 28, 2012, <mask> ruptured his Achilles tendon during an offseason workout. He ruptured it a second time in May 2012 after the equipment he was using to move around his house malfunctioned. He was placed on the active/non-football injury list on July 22, 2012, before the start of training camp. On February 26, 2014, <mask> signed a new five-year deal worth $51.3 million with the Eagles. During a game against the Washington Redskins on September 21, 2014, Redskins player Chris Baker tried to take out Eagles Quarterback Nick Foles with a cheap shot.Following the hit, a brawl broke out on the sidelines between both teams. Baker was confronted by <mask>, who then took a swing at Baker which resulted in both players getting ejected in the scuffle. On September 27, 2014, <mask> was fined $10,000. On June 14, 2017, <mask> signed a one-year contract extension with the Eagles through the 2019 season. On October 23, 2017, during Monday Night Football against the Redskins, <mask> left the game with an apparent right knee injury. The next night, it was revealed that his right knee had tears to the ACL and MCL, which ended his 2017 season. The Eagles went on to win Super Bowl LII against the New England Patriots 41–33, giving <mask> his first Super Bowl ring.On March 11, 2019, the Eagles signed <mask> on a one-year contract for the 2019 season. On July 17, 2020, <mask> signed another one-year contract with the Eagles. He was set to start at right guard following a season-ending injury to Brandon Brooks, but was moved back to left tackle following a season-ending injury to Andre Dillard. He was given a restructured contract after his move to left tackle on September 10, 2020. He was placed on injured reserve on October 3, 2020 with a foot injury. He was activated on October 31, 2020. He was placed back on injured reserve on December 12, 2020, ending his season.Chicago Bears On August 16, 2021, <mask> signed with the Chicago Bears. References External links Chicago Bears bio 1982 births Living people African-American players of American football American Conference Pro Bowl players American football offensive tackles American football tight ends American people of Dutch descent Arkansas Razorbacks football players Buffalo Bills players Chicago Bears players National Conference Pro Bowl players People from Cass County, Texas Philadelphia Eagles players Players of American football from Texas Unconferenced Pro Bowl players 21st-century African-American sportspeople 20th-century African-American people

Jean-Baptiste Waldner

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Jean-<mask> (born 30 March 1959) is a French engineer, management consultant and author, known for his contributions in the fields of computer-integrated manufacturing, enterprise architecture, nanoelectronics, nanocomputers and swarm intelligence. Biography Waldner received his engineering degree in mechanical engineering from the Université de technologie de Belfort-Montbéliard in 1983, his Dr Engineer in Electronics in 1986 from the École Supérieure d'Électricité, and his doctoral engineering degree in nuclear science and engineering in 1986 from the Institut National des Sciences et Techniques Nucléaires. In 1986 <mask> started as consultant for the French Information Technology and Services company Bull, where he specialized in Computer Integrated Manufacturing. From 1990 to 1993 he was senior manager at Deloitte, senior partner at Computer Sciences Corporation from 1993 to 1996, Program Director for IT and Shared Services Centers at Carrefour from 1999 to 2001, and co-founded his own management consulting firm Waldner Consulting in 2004. Work Waldner's research interests ranges from Manufacturing Resource, Planning Computer Integrated Manufacturing and Enterprise Architecture, to Nanoelectronics and Nanocomputers. Manufacturing Resource Planning (MRP/MRP2) The Manufacturing Resource Planning concept has evolved over the past 30 years from a simple means of calculating materials requirements and components (which does not even take into account the production capacity of the company) - to integrated ERP MRP concepts and software to automated management of the entire company.. During the 1980s the increasing changes of sales forecasts, which resulted in continuous and manual adjustments of the production plan, has in led to the MRP (Material Requirement Planning) model, which was strictly limited to the supply of materials. Eventually this evolved in means for wider production resources management, MRP2 (Manufacturing Resources Planning).<mask> (1992) showed, that MRP and MRP2 are essential principles of Computer Integrated Manufacturing (CIM). In the planning process of the enterprise they are the essential link between General Planning and execution and control. Thereby MRP2 covers three phases (see image): Production programme Material requirements, Calculation of workload According to Oliveira (2003) the work of <mask> (1992) and others became "an important effort towards the goal of increasing the competitiveness of manufacturing companies through the introduction of automation and wider use of computers." Computer Integrated Manufacturing According to Waldner (1992) Computer Integrated Manufacturing is used to describe the complete automation of a manufacturing plant, with all processes running under computer control and digital information tying them together. There are three major challenges to development of a smoothly operating computer-integrated manufacturing system: Integration of components from different suppliers: When different machines, such as CNC, conveyors and robots, are using different communications protocols (In the case of AGVs, even differing lengths of time for charging the batteries) may cause problems. Data integrity: The higher the degree of automation, the more critical is the integrity of the data used to control the machines. While the computer integrated manufacturing system saves on labor of operating the machines, it requires extra human labor in ensuring that there are proper safeguards for the data signals that are used to control the machines.Process control: Computers may be used to assist the human operators of the manufacturing facility, but there must always be a competent engineer on hand to handle circumstances which could not be foreseen by the designers of the control software. Machado et al. (2000) explained that "control, monitoring and supervision of industrial processes are increasingly demanding a great investment in technological solutions each time more embedded and with real-time capabilities, especially devoted to the interconnect, in an intelligent way, of shop-floor equipment with operational information systems." This gave rise to a new type of so-called Control-based Information System, in which information in factory plants flow between the shopfloor and the upper Computer Integrated Manufacturing systems as <mask> (1992) stated. Nanocomputers and swarm intelligence The author forecasts a fundamental technological disruption in the computer world in the years 2020-25 by considering the physical limit of the miniaturization of the components to the silicon and the fatality of the Moore's law. This phenomenon, combined with the demand for mobility, will transform the landscape of conventional computing bringing about the breakthrough that will enable a vast and heterogeneous network of objects that impose a new vision of the software (i.e. distributed intelligence with lighter/simpler software code at the unit level but introducing much more numerous agents).Computing system will evolve from a centralized or distributed model to swarm intelligence, self-organized systems in which nodes will count in billions. The author notes that a human being interacts with 1000 to 5000 objects in a typical day At maturity, connected devices and Internet of things market could range from a few tens of billions to several trillion units. In 2007, as an early pioneer, Waldner strongly believed that the Internet of Things was poised to deeply transform the supply chain and the logistics industry. Waldner has a predominant interest in human–computer interaction (HCI) and considers that the evolution of computing machines and of the solutions they bring will rely fundamentally on the progress of these interfaces. Publications Waldner has authored several books and articles. Books: CIM, les nouvelles perspectives de la production, Dunod-Bordas, 1990 CIM: Principles of Computer-Integrated Manufacturing, John Wiley & Sons, 1992 . Nano-informatique – Inventer l’ordinateur du XXIème Siècle, Hermès Science, London, 2007 Nanocomputers & Swarm Intelligence, ISTE, London, 2007 References External links Jean-Baptiste Waldner at waldner-consulting.com 1959 births Living people French engineers Enterprise modelling experts

Fabrizio Giovanardi

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<mask> (born 14 December 1966 in Sassuolo) is an Italian racing driver. During his career he has won ten touring car titles, including European and British crowns making him the most successful touring car driver worldwide. He has spent the majority of his career racing for Alfa Romeo and Vauxhall. Career Formula Three After winning both the Italian and World Formula C karting titles for 125cc karts in 1986, <mask> stepped up to the Italian Formula Three Championship in 1987, driving a Reynard 873 powered by Alfa Romeo for PreMa Racing, where he scored a podium en route to thirteenth position in the championship. He stayed in the series in 1988, where he secured two wins at Vallelunga and Enna-Pergusa and finished third overall in the championship, a point behind runner-up Mauro Martini and two points behind season champion Emanuele Naspetti. He returned to the series in 1990, competing in a single round. Formula 3000 In 1989, Giovanardi switched to International Formula 3000 to compete with First Racing and won the race at Vallelunga.Those were his only points however, as he ended up tenth in the final championship standings; failing to qualify for races at Silverstone, Brands Hatch and Le Mans. He continued in the series in 1990 with First Racing, and again ended up tenth in the championship with a best result of second place at Pau. 1991 was his final season, and finished in a three-way tie for eleventh place. Super Touring Cars Giovanardi dabbled into the Superturismo in the 1991 season, competing in a Peugeot 405. He took five Class S2 victories which set him up for a full campaign in the 1992 season. In his first full season, he was champion in the S2 class taking eight race wins and being crowned champion, his first touring car title. He moved into the main class of the championship with Peugeot in 1993, finishing in the top three overall twice (second in 1993 and third in 1994), and winning five races before moving to Nordauto Engineering Alfa Romeo in 1995.In his début season with Alfa, <mask> again finished in third place, beating his team-mate Antonio Tamburini in a tie. He also contested one round of the Deutsche Tourenwagen Meisterschaft at the Norisring, driving an Alfa Romeo 155 for the factory Alfa Corse team. In 1996 he continued to race in Superturismo and he also participated to some rounds of CET always with Nordauto Engineering. He finished fifth in Italy, and one place lower in Spain, taking five wins over the two series. In 1997 he continued in both championship Superturismo and CET driving for the last time Alfa Romeo 155 Ts. He won all four races of CET before that serie was cancelled due to lack of cars and he finished second in Superturismo with five victories behind Naspetti. He got the better of Naspetti in 1998, dominating the Italian championship in the new Alfa Romeo 156 with nine victories and eighteen podium on twenty races.Giovanardi and team-mate Nicola Larini made a guest appearance in the STW at the Norisring, where they both finished outside the top ten placings in both races. He became again Italian champion in 1999, again beating his BMW rival Naspetti in a thrilling last race in Vallelunga; <mask>'s advantage at the end of the season was only fourteen points after ten rounds. <mask> and Larini made a return to the STW at the series' Italian round at Misano, and the Alfa drivers finished 1–2 in the sprint race before both retired in the feature race. The Superturismo was promoted to become the Euro STC in 2000, and again <mask> won the title with Nordauto. Consistency was the key to become again champion in the new European Championship Euro STC in 2001, winning just three races and ten podium. <mask> also got his first Formula One test as a test driver for Ferrari on February 1 in 2001, replacing the injured Luca Badoer, who crashed heavily several weeks before. He was the official test driver of the team until September of that year, when Badoer healed and returned to his testing duties.European/World Touring Car Championship In 2002, the European Touring Car Championship returned as a complete entity using the Super 2000 regulations. The regulation change did not hinder Giovanardi as he won a touring car title for the fifth successive season, again at the wheel of an Alfa Romeo. However, he switched to a Ravaglia Motorsport-run BMW for the 2003 season, but struggled with the rear-wheel-drive car taking only three podiums en route to ninth in the championship. Unsurprisingly, Giovanardi returned to the wheel of an Alfa in 2004 as part of a four-car team by Autodelta, the new name for Nordauto. Giovanardi took a single victory at Valencia as he finished sixth in the championship, finishing behind team-mate Gabriele Tarquini, the first such occasion of Giovanardi being beaten by a team-mate. With the European series becoming the World Touring Car Championship in 2005 – the first such championship season since 1987 – Giovanardi was part of the Alfa factory outfit, alongside Tarquini, James Thompson and Augusto Farfus, with André Couto joining the quartet at his home round in Macau. Giovanardi took a season-high four victories, as he finished as the highest-placed Alfa Romeo driver in the championship, finishing behind the BMWs of champion Andy Priaulx and Dirk Müller.His final appearance in the series to date came in 2006, when he replaced Pierre-Yves Corthals in Curitiba, Brazil and joined Corthals in Macau for JAS Motorsport; taking a best result of fourth in the opening Macau race. In 2011, Giovanardi won the European Touring Car Cup at the Salzburgring in Austria. He clinched Hartmann Racing's third consecutive European Touring Car Cup, in a Honda Accord. British Touring Car Championship VX Racing/Triple Eight (2006–2010) With Alfa Romeo pulling out of the WTCC, Giovanardi began searching for a replacement ride for the 2006 season. In late 2005 Giovanardi tested a Vauxhall Astra Sport Hatch for the Triple Eight BTCC team at Pembrey in Wales. The team duly signed him, and Tom Chilton up to drive for the team in 2006. Gavin Smith would later join the team, making it a three-car Vauxhall effort.It was a testing year for the team and Giovanardi, as he came close to a first win at Donington Park before a final-corner collision with West Surrey Racing's Colin Turkington. <mask> led into the chicane before an outbraking move by Turkington put him alongside at the apex. Both cut the chicane after the collision, and Turkington got to the line first, taking his second win of the season. Ultimately, his first win – and Vauxhall's 100th in the British Touring Car Championship – came at Knockhill. Fittingly, he was congratulated on live TV by John Cleland, the man who took Vauxhall's first win. He then secured a second win in the series at Brands Hatch; finishing his first BTCC campaign in fifth position, passing James Thompson by a single point at the final meeting of the season at Silverstone. <mask> and Chilton both remained with the team into the 2007 season, driving the team's new Vauxhall Vectra in the championship.The Vectra seemed to suit the driving style of <mask> better than his young team-mate, with <mask> taking ten wins to Chilton's tally of none. Indeed, <mask> was involved in a season-long championship battle with SEAT Sport's Jason Plato, with Plato leading 265-256 into the final round, having not finished outside the top eight positions in the first 27 rounds of the championship. In the first two races at Thruxton, <mask> led Plato home and thus Plato held a one-point lead going into the final race. With the top seven places reversed on the grid, Plato started sixth and <mask> seventh; but it was the Italian who made the quicker progress through the pack, and with his second place compared to Plato's fourth, <mask> claimed his first BTCC title by three points. In 2008, Chilton left for Team Dynamics, and thus <mask> was joined by new team-mates Matt Neal (joining from Dynamics) and Tom Onslow-Cole (joining from West Surrey Racing) in a three-car team. <mask> was the driver to beat, and sealed the title convincingly at Brands Hatch, with two races to spare; clinching the title with a non-scoring fourteenth position, due to the result of rival Plato (fifth), he could no longer be caught in the title race. Until the first race at Brands, <mask> had been on a run of 39 consecutive points finishes which had begun at round 19 of the 2007 season, at Snetterton in late July.He failed to score a top ten finish in the entire round, after failing to start in the second race and finishing eleventh in the final race. His only point came from the fastest lap of the final race. Plato finished third in the championship, as Mat Jackson overhauled his points tally after a good final weekend of the season. <mask> and Neal were joined at VX Racing by Andrew Jordan for the 2009 season, which would be the final season of manufacturer effort by Vauxhall. Vauxhall cited the economic downturn as the main reason for pulling out at the end of the season. <mask> was once again in the running for the title, alongside Turkington and Plato. Indeed, Giovanardi trailed Turkington by thirteen points heading to the final round of the season, held on the Grand Prix circuit at Brands Hatch.By the final race of the afternoon, a three-way title battle was still the situation, as Turkington had 262 points, <mask> 258 and Plato 254 – having won the first two races – with a maximum of seventeen points available. A titanic battle for the lead ensued and was not settled until the final lap of the race. Plato won the race becoming the only second driver to win all three races at a BTCC meeting, with Turkington finishing second to win his first title. <mask> finished in fourth position, and thus finished third in the championship standings. <mask> struggled to find a top-line drive for the 2010 season, but returned to the BTCC at the 2010 season-opening round at Thruxton. He drove the #888 Vauxhall Vectra for Triple Eight, partnering 2009 Clio Cup UK champion Phil Glew, who made his BTCC début at the meeting. He won the first two races of the season before taking a fifth-place finish in race three to secure a seven-point lead from Jason Plato in the championship.The team had hoped to run <mask> for the remainder of the season, but he was replaced by James Nash ahead of the second round at Rockingham due to sponsor Uniq pulling out. Instead, Giovanardi found a temporary home in the Italian-based Superstars Series, driving N.Technology's brand new Porsche Panamera S, and won a race on the car's début at Mugello. Giovanardi claimed three wins in succession at Paul Ricard and Vallelunga enabling him to finish sixth in the series' Italian championship, while he lies fifth in the international points, with one round left. Airwaves Racing (2014) In February 2014, <mask> was confirmed as Airwaves Racing's first driver for the 2014 British Touring Car Championship season in a Ford Focus ST Mk.III. Giovanardi struggled to find the sweet spot in the new NGTC machinery and finished 13th overall with a solitary podium at Thruxton. V8 Supercars Giovanardi drove with Marc Hynes in the two main endurance races of the 2008 V8 Supercar Championship Series, the L&H 500 at Phillip Island and the Supercheap Auto Bathurst 1000 at Mount Panorama. The two drivers were recruited by Triple Eight Race Engineering to pilot the #88 car while regular drivers Jamie Whincup and Craig Lowndes teamed up in Lowndes' usual #888 car.At Phillip Island, <mask> and Hynes finished 17th, a lap down on winners Garth Tander and Mark Skaife and at Bathurst, the pair finished 15th – two laps down on team-mates (and race winners) Lowndes and Whincup. In 2010, <mask> will be driving for Britek Motorsport in the Armor All Gold Coast 600, sharing the team's Holden Commodore with Karl Reindler. In 2011, it was announced that <mask> would, once again, be driving for Britek Motorsport in the Armor All Gold Coast 600 with Karl Reindler. Italian Touring Car Championship 2017 (Racing Return). <mask> returned to Touring Car Racing for the first time in 3 Years for a guest appearance in the Italian Touring Car Championship round at Vallelunga. He qualified 6th but after a poor start dropped back to 10th. Despite not racing in almost three years Giovanardi fought his way back up to 4th in the race.World Touring Car Cup (WTCR) <mask>lietta in the FIA World Touring Car Cup. Racing record Career summary Complete International Formula 3000 results (key) (Races in bold indicate pole position) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap) Complete Deutsche Tourenwagen Meisterschaft results (key) (Races in bold indicate pole position) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap) Complete Italian Touring Car Championship results Complete European Touring Car Championship results (key) (Races in bold indicate pole position) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap) † — Did not finish the race, but was classified as he completed over 90% of the race distance. Complete World Touring Car Championship results (key) (Races in bold indicate pole position) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap) † — Did not finish the race, but was classified as he completed over 90% of the race distance. Complete British Touring Car Championship results (key) (Races in bold indicate pole position - 1 point awarded just in first race) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap - 1 point awarded all races) (* signifies that driver lead race for at least one lap - 1 point awarded all races) * Season still in progress. Complete V8 Supercar Championship results + Not Eligible for points Complete International Superstars Series results (key) (Races in bold indicate pole position) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap) Complete World Touring Car Cup results (key) (Races in bold indicate pole position) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap) † Driver did not finish the race, but was classified as he completed over 90% of the race distance. Complete TCR Europe Touring Car Series results (key) (Races in bold indicate pole position) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap) Personal life Giovanardi is married to Patrizia and has one son, Luca. Away from racing he works for his father's business and has a passion for house renovation and flying light aircraft.References External links 1966 births Living people People from Sassuolo Italian racing drivers British Touring Car Championship drivers British Touring Car Championship Champions World Touring Car Championship drivers Italian Formula Three Championship drivers TC 2000 Championship drivers International Formula 3000 drivers Supercars Championship drivers Superstars Series drivers European Touring Car Championship drivers European Touring Car Cup drivers World Touring Car Cup drivers

Kiril Domuschiev

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<mask> (; born 18 April 1969) is a Bulgarian industrialist, entrepreneur and owner of PFC Ludogorets Razgrad. On 27 January 2012 he was named an honorary citizen of Razgrad, and in 2019 became an honorary citizen of the state of Nebraska, USA. Biography <mask> was born on 18 April 1969 in the city of Sofia, Bulgaria. He is married and has three children. <mask> completed his secondary education at the 9th French Secondary Language School Alphonse de Lamartine, in Spanish class. Having completing his higher education, he was awarded a master's degree in Industrial Management and Marketing from the Technical University, Sofia. After the changes in 1990 <mask>, together with his brother <mask>, established several companies, manufacturing and trading products such as clothing and footwear.In 1996 he established the privatization fund Napredak Holding AD, through which he acquired shares in a number of companies in Bulgaria, operating in various industrial sectors One of these companies is the bicycles and Forklift truck manufacturer Balkan AD, where the <mask> brothers’ mother – Margarita <mask> was appointed as Director in the period 1997 – 2009. In 1999 <mask> <mask> launched his own pharmaceutical business, establishing Huvepharma EOOD, which in 2000 privatized the then public company Biovet AD – owner of a veterinary products factory in the town of Peshtera, Bulgaria. Over the years Huvepharma EOOD constantly progressed to become a global pharmaceutical company focused on developing, manufacturing and marketing of human and veterinary medicine products. The company now owns production sites located in Bulgaria, the United States, France and Italy. Huvepharma markets its products through its own subsidiaries, Representative offices and Distributors and ranks among the top 10 global companies in the area of veterinary medicine. In 2003 <mask> and Georgi <mask> established Advance Properties OOD, each having 50% equity share in the company. Advance Properties is a holding company, through which the <mask> brothers make most of their Investments.The leading companies within Advance Properties OOD are doing business mainly in the fields of pharmaceutics, maritime transport, port operations, construction, realties, media, etc. In 2008, as a result of Privatization procedure, Advance Properties OOD, through its subsidiary KG Maritime Shipping AD acquired 70% of the equity of Navigation Maritime Bulgare AD, a ship-owner company with a history of more than 125 years. Advance Properties OOD is the sole owner of BMF Port Burgas EAD – a port operator and concession holder of Terminal Burgas East 2 and Terminal Burgas West The port of Burgas is of strategic importance for Bulgaria and one of the largest ports in the Black Sea region. In 2010 <mask> <mask> launched his own football project and began investing in the development of PFC Ludogorets 1945 EAD, in the town of Razgrad, Bulgaria. The team earned promotion to the "A" Professional Football Group of the Bulgarian Football Championship and became Bulgarian football champion for the next nine consecutive seasons: 2011/12, 2012/13, 2013/14, 2014/15, 2015/16, 2016/17, 2017/18, 2018/19, 2019/20. In the seasons 2014/15 and 2016/17 the team of PFC Ludogorets 1945 EAD played in the group phase of the UEFA Champions League, and in the seasons 2013/14, 2016/17, 2017/18, 2018/19 and 2019/20 the team also played in Europa League. In 2011, together with his wife, Kremena <mask>, they established the Kremena and Kiril Domuschiev Foundation performing charity services.The Foundation focuses on supporting children's hospitals and specialist institutions for children deprived of parental care and many other diverse activities. During that year <mask> <mask> was awarded a Prize for Contribution to the Development of Industry in the competition "Mr. Economics" of the Economics Magazine. In 2012 he was named "Honorary Citizen of Razgrad". In 2016 the Ombudsman of the Republic of Bulgaria Maya Manolova awarded <mask> <mask> with the "Good Heart" award for his personal contribution to the "Easter for Everyone" campaign. <mask> <mask> is the President of Huvepharma EOOD, Chairman of the Supervisory board of Biovet AD and Chairman of the Supervisory board of Navigation Maritime Bulgare AD, chairman of the board of directors of Huvepharma NV, Belgium, member of the board of directors of Huvepharma Inc., United States. In 2014, for his contribution to the development of the Bulgarian industry, <mask> was elected a Chairman of the Management Board of the Confederation of Employers and Industrialists in Bulgaria (CEIBG) – the largest nationally represented employers’ organization in Bulgaria. In March 2017 he was re-elected for a second consecutive term.<mask> <mask> started construction of two new production sites of Biovet for veterinary products in Razgrad and Peshtera. The project was funded with Euro 100 million under the Juncker Plan, which is the largest investment under the program to date. The loan was granted by the European Investment Bank. The contract was signed in January 2018 in Sofia by <mask> <mask>, EU Jobs, Growth, Investment and Competitiveness Commissioner Jyrki Katainen and the Minister of Agriculture Rumen Porozhanov, in the presence of President of the European Commission Jean-Claude Juncker and the Bulgarian Prime Minister Boyko Borisov. In October 2018, at a meeting of the Board of Trustees of the Technical University-Sofia, <mask> <mask> was elected a member of the Board of Trustees. The Board includes the best graduates of the university, distinguished experts in their field and well-known public figures with an active position and authority in society. The Board is an active partner of the university in the implementation of effective and transparent governance and the provision of quality education.In October 2018, Domuschiev's company Huvepharma received the Business of the Year Award for its contribution to the economic development of the City of St. Louis, Missouri, US. The award was presented at a ceremony by the Mayor of St. Louis in the presence of over 1,250 business guests from St. Louis and the state. In April 2019 Advance Properties acquired Nova Broadcasting Group – the largest media group in Bulgaria. Its portfolio includes 7 television channels, including the leading Bulgarian polythematic channel Nova Television, Nova News radio, print media and the film distribution company LENTA. Nova Broadcasting Group's portfolio also includes numerous digital media and platforms, including the largest Bulgarian online mail service Abv.bg, the leading news portals Nova.bg, Vesti.bg, Dariknews.bg, as well as the sports portal Gong.bg. Nova Broadcasting Group is the largest online market player in the country, reaching about 75% of Internet users in Bulgaria. In January 2021 Advance Media Group successfully sold Nova Broadcasting Group to United Group.Under Advance Media Group, in the period from April 2019 to January 2021 Nova Broadcasting Group proved its leading position as the largest media group and increased its portfolio to 10 television channels, the biggest Bulgarian online platform Netinfo reaching up to 80 % of Bulgarian Internet users monthly, as well as 4 radio stations. On 19 June 2019, <mask> <mask> was presented an honorary citizenship of the US state of Nebraska. The recognition is bestowed by the state's government for the investments made and the jobs created by <mask> <mask>. The certificate and the gold seal of the state were presented to <mask> <mask> by the Secretary of State of Nebraska – Robert Evnen – during his visit to Sofia. <mask> <mask> is the largest Bulgarian investor in the state of Nebraska and in the US. He has manufacturing plants in 5 American states, with investments in Missouri, North Carolina, Arkansas and Colorado, in addition to Nebraska. On January 20, 2020, <mask> <mask> was awarded with the "Winner’s Wreath" by the Sports Minister Krasen Kralev during a ceremony at the "Champion's Night"."Winner's Wreath" is the highest state honors in sports and is given to individuals with great contribution to Bulgarian sport. In mid March 2020, <mask> announced he had tested positive for COVID-19; he recovered towards the end of the month. In November 2021, the leading American magazine Forbes published an article estimating the wealth of <mask> and Georgi <mask> at $ 4.2 billion. According to Forbes, the family’s fortune is due to their business in Bulgaria, the United States, Belgium, and other companies they own around the globe. The Domuschievs are the Bulgarians with the largest investments in the United States. References 1969 births Living people Businesspeople from Sofia Bulgarian company founders

Sir George Hamilton, 1st Baronet, of Donalong

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<mask>, 1st Baronet ( – 1679), born in Scotland, inherited land in Ireland and fought in the Irish Army for the royalists under his brother-in-law James Butler, 1st Duke of Ormond during the Confederate Wars and the Cromwellian conquest of Ireland. He was father of Antoine Hamilton, author of the Mémoires du comte de Grammont, of Richard Hamilton, Jacobite general, and of Elizabeth, Countess de Gramont, "la belle Hamilton". Birth and origins <mask> was born about 1608, probably in Paisley, Scotland. He was the fourth son of James Hamilton and his wife Marion Boyd. His father had been created 1st Earl of Abercorn by James VI and I in 1606. His paternal grandfather was Claud Hamilton, the 1st Lord of Paisley. <mask>'s mother was a daughter of Thomas Boyd, 6th Lord Boyd of Kilmarnock in Scotland.His father had been a Protestant, but his mother, Marion Boyd, was a recusant, who brought him, like all his siblings, up in the Catholic faith. His uncle <mask> of Greenlaw and Roscrea pushed in the same direction. He was one of nine siblings, five brothers and four sisters: Early life <mask> was about 11 years old on 23 March 1618 when his father, the 1st Earl of Abercorn, died. His father had been an undertakers in James VI and I's 1611 Plantation of Ulster and had as such acquired large estates in Ireland, mainly around Strabane in County Tyrone. <mask>'s eldest brother, James, succeeded to his father's title of Earl of Abercorn, but the Irish lands were shared among the younger sons according to his father's will. The lion's share, including Strabane, went to <mask>'s elder brother Claud. <mask> inherited Donalong, which would later appear in the territorial designation of his baronetcy in 1660.His father had predeceased his paternal grandfather, the 1st Lord Paisley, who died three years later in 1621. <mask>'s eldest brother James, the 2nd Earl of Abercorn, inherited at that time the title of Lord Paisley and the Scottish lands of the family. <mask> also became the owner of land around Roscrea and Nenagh in northern Munster, probably when his uncle <mask> of Greenlaw and Roscrea died. He also became owner, together with Sir Basil Brooke and Sir <mask> of the Knockaunderrig Silver Mine at Knockanroe in the Silvermine Mountains at the village of Silvermines, south of Nenagh. In 1627 Hamilton succeeded Sir Roger Hope to the command of a company of foot in the Irish Army. Marriage and children In 1629 <mask> married Mary Butler, youngest daughter of Thomas Butler, Viscount Thurles. Her eldest brother, James, thereby became his brother-in-law, who would become his boss when appointed commander-in-chief of the Irish army.<mask> and Mary had nine children, six sons: James (died 1673), became ranger of Hyde Park and lost a leg in a sea-fight; <mask> (died 1676), killed in French service at the Col de Saverne. Anthony (1646–1720), fought for the Jacobites and wrote the Mémoires du comte de Grammont; Thomas (died 1687), served in the Royal Navy and died in Boston, Massachusetts; Richard (died 1717), fought for the Jacobites and was taken prisoner at the Boyne. John (died 1691), Colonel in the Irish army, comte de Hamilton, was killed in the Battle of Aughrim; —and three daughters: Elizabeth (1641–1708), a famous beauty, married Philibert de Gramont; Lucia (died 1676), married Sir Donough O'Brien in 1674. Margaret, married in July 1674 Mathew Forde of Seaforde County Down and Coolgreany County Wexford. Midlife In 1632 his mother died in Edinburgh. Some time before 1634 he was created a baronet and thus became Sir <mask>, but the territorial designation and the baronetage (country) are unknown. In 1641, at the beginning of the Irish Rebellion, Sir <mask> was, during a visit to England, suspected to support the rebellion as he was Catholic.He was arrested and shortly held at the Tower of London but was soon released on bail. In that same year Phelim O'Neill burned Strabane Castle and sent him Jean Gordon, his brother Claude's widow and her children who had been living in Strabane Castle. On 2 February 1642 the Knockaunderrig Silver Mine, which Sir <mask> operated together with Sir Basil Brooks and Sir William Russell, was attacked by local rebels under the leadership of Hugh O'Kennedy and 32 Protestant English miners seem to have been killed. On 5 June 1646 Owen Roe O'Neil with the Confederate Ulster army defeated the Covenanters under Robert Monro. O'Neill then marched south to Kilkenny as directed by Rinuccini, the papal nuncio. Leinster and Munster was treated as enemy territory and on 17 September 1646, O'Neil attacked and captured Roscrea where Sir <mask>'s wife and children lived. The Ulstermen spared his family but put everybody else to the sword.O'Neill then menaced Dublin in November 1646. It seems that Sir <mask> had been with the King in England. In January 1647 he returned to Dublin with a message instructing Ormond to hand Dublin over to the English rather than the Irish. In January 1649 Sir <mask> was appointed receiver-general of the revenues for Ireland succeeding to Lord Roscommon. He was also made a colonel of foot in the Irish army and upheld the Royalist cause against Cromwell. In 1649 he was appointed governor of Nenagh for his brother in law, James Butler, at that time the Marquess of Ormond, leader of the royalists. At the end of 1650 he defended Nenagh Castle against the Parliamentarian army under Henry Ireton, which attacked it on the way from the siege of Limerick back to their winter quarters at Kilkenny.He surrendered the castle on 10 November 1650 after Ireton had menaced to breach its walls with artillery. French exile His Irish lands were confiscated, and in spring 1651 he and his family followed Ormond into French exile. They first went to Caen where Ormond's wife Elizabeth Preston lived since 1648. Ormond introduced him to Charles II's exile court at the Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye. His wife went to Paris where she lived in the convent of the Feuillantines. In 1656 or 1657 Charles sent him, together with Donough MacCarty, 2nd Viscount Muskerry to Madrid on a diplomatic mission. Restoration and death In 1660, after the Restoration, he returned to London and stayed at the court of Charles II at Whitehall.In that same year the king created him Baronet of Donalong and Nenagh for his services to the royal cause. The two places mentioned in the territorial designation of the baronetcy are both in Ireland but quite far from each other. Donalong (also spelled Dunnalong) refers to his lands in County Tyrone, Ulster, whereas Nenagh refers to the town in County Tipperary, Munster of which he had been governor. Although many sources mention the creation of the baronetcy, it seems to have never been carried out entirely. He died in 1679 at the age of 71 or 72 years. He was succeeded by his grandson James Hamilton, 6th Earl of Abercorn, who never assumed the title of Baronet but would later succeed to the earldom of Abercorn. Notes, citations, and sources Notes Citations Sources – 1643 to 1660 – 1649 to 1664 (for <mask>) – Ab-Adam to Basing – Abercorn – England (for timeline) – Viscounts (for Butler, Viscount Mountgarret) – Viscounts (for Viscount Strabane) – Abercorn to Balmerino – Panmure to Sinclair – 1643 to 1660 and index Further reading – Snippet view The lost Settlement of Dunnalong lost Settlement of Dunnalong Hamilton, <mask>, 1st Baronet Hamilton, <mask>, 1st Baronet Hamilton, <mask>, 1st Baronet English army officers People from County Tyrone People of the Irish Confederate Wars <mask>, <mask>, 1st Baronet

You Young

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<mask> (Hangul: 유영; born May 27, 2004) is a South Korean figure skater. She is the 2020 Four Continents silver medalist, a three-time Grand Prix bronze medalist, a three-time Challenger series medalist, and a five-time South Korean national champion (2016, 2018–2020, 2022). On the junior level, she is the 2020 Youth Olympic champion, the 2018 JGP Slovakia bronze medalist, and the 2019 Winter Children of Asia International Sports Games champion. <mask> is the youngest ever national champion of South Korea at age 11, surpassing the previous record set by Yuna Kim who won at age 12 in 2003. She is also the first Korean woman to successfully land a triple Axel in international competition, and the first Korean woman to win the gold medal at the Winter Youth Olympics. She currently holds the fourth highest technical element score in the short program (45.54 at the 2019 Skate Canada) and the ninth highest technical element score in the free skate (79.94 at the 2020 Four Continents). She remains the first and only female skater to have had landed the triple Axel at the Youth Olympics.Competing in the 2022 Beijing Olympics, <mask> placed 6th overall. As of 17th February 2022, <mask> is the 4th highest ranked women's singles skater in world by the International Skating Union. Personal life <mask> is the third child and only daughter of her father, <mask>-jin, who runs a business in Indonesia, and mother, Lee Sook-hee. She moved to Indonesia at the age of two because of her father's business, and spent her youth in Singapore. She enrolled into Bukit Timah primary school and attended school for a year before she returned to South Korea. Career Early career <mask> began skating after watching Yuna Kim's victory at the 2010 Winter Olympic Games. Though maintaining South Korean nationality, she was raised in Singapore and trained under various coaches and competed in the Singapore National Figure Skating Championships from 2011 to 2013.One of her coaches was Singapore-based Zhang Wei, a former Chinese national ice dancer who won gold with partner Wang Rui at the 1999 Asian Winter Games, who she trained with for a six-month period in 2012. Zhang said her talent was evident even then and told TODAY: "She's not the most talented athlete I've coached. But her jumps, explosive energy, flexibility and coordination were very good then, and it is very rare that you get all these qualities in one athlete, particularly at that age." He is confident that <mask> has what it takes to become a future world and Olympic champion. On his advice, <mask> returned to South Korea with her mother in March 2013 to further her development as the training environment is better. 2015–2016 season: National title In January 2016, <mask> won the gold medal at the 2016 South Korean Figure Skating Championships, becoming the youngest ever national champion of South Korea at age 11, surpassing the previous record set by Yuna Kim who won at age 12 in 2003. In March, <mask> won the gold medal at novice level of the Cup of Tyrol.2016–2017 season In November 2016, <mask> won the silver medal at novice level of the Tallinn Trophy behind Alena Kanysheva of Russia. In January 2017, she finished fifth at the 2017 South Korean Figure Skating Championships mainly because of a fall in the short program. 2017–2018 season: Junior international debut <mask> debuted on the Junior Grand Prix (JGP) series in September 2018, placing fourth at JGP Croatia in Zagreb. In October, she placed fifth at JGP Italy in Egna. In January 2018, she won the gold medal at the 2018 South Korean Figure Skating Championships, earning her second national title. In March, <mask> finished ninth at the 2018 World Junior Championships. 2018–2019 season: Third national title In August 2018, <mask> began competing on the JGP series, winning the bronze medal at JGP Slovakia in Bratislava, behind Russians Anna Shcherbakova and Anna Tarusina.It is currently her first and only JGP medal. She then placed fourth at JGP Canada in Richmond, British Columbia, Canada. After earning her third national title, <mask> was assigned to the 2019 World Junior Championships. In February 2019, she won gold at the 2019 Bavarian Open and the 2019 Winter Children of Asia ISG. After a poor short program at Junior Worlds that left her in eleventh place, <mask> rose to sixth place overall with a stronger free skate. 2019–2020 season: Senior international debut <mask> opened her season at the 2019 Philadelphia Summer International, where she won the gold medal. <mask> debuted on the Challenger series, winning the bronze medal at the 2019 CS Lombardia Trophy behind Russians Anna Shcherbakova and Elizaveta Tuktamysheva after she placed second in the short program and third in the free program.At this competition, she scored over 70 points in the short program, 130 points in the free skate, and 200 points overall for the first time in an ISU-sanctioned competition. One week later, <mask> won the silver medal at another Challenger, the 2019 CS U.S. Classic, winning the free skate by scoring over 140 points for the first time. During this period, it was reported that <mask> made a coaching change, with Mie Hamada becoming her primary coach along with Tammy Gambill. Making her senior Grand Prix debut at the 2019 Skate Canada International, <mask> successfully landed a ratified triple Axel in the short program to place second behind new training mate Rika Kihira of Japan with a new personal best score (78.22). She noted that this was a moment she had been working toward for three years. In the free skate, she fell on another triple Axel attempt and placed fourth in the segment. Overall, her total score of 217.49 was enough for the bronze medal, after Alexandra Trusova and Kihira.<mask>'s success at Skate Canada led to her being given a second Grand Prix assignment, the 2019 Cup of China, where she placed fourth after mistakes in both programs. <mask> entered the 2020 South Korean Championships as the defending champion and, given her success on the international circuit, was favored to repeat her title. After placing first in both segments, she won the gold medal ahead of Lee Hae-in and Kim Ye-lim. She was assigned to the Korean teams for the 2020 World Championships along with Kim, and the 2020 Four Continents Championships with Kim and Lim Eun-soo. Two weeks later, at the 2020 Youth Olympics in Lausanne, she placed first in the short program, a little less than 2 points ahead of Ksenia Sinitsyna of Russia. Because of different requirements for competitions at the junior level, she did not attempt a triple Axel in the short program. She then won the free skate by over 12 points and won the title overall, landing eight clean triples in the free skate for the first time including a triple Axel and two triple Lutz combinations.By doing so, she ended Russia's winning streak in girls' singles at the Winter Youth Olympics, which included previous champions Elizaveta Tuktamysheva (2012) and Polina Tsurskaya (2016). You returned to the senior level for the 2020 Four Continents Championships in February. She placed third in the short program behind Rika Kihira and Bradie Tennell after a mistake on her triple Axel and an unclear edge call on her triple flip. In the free skate, she delivered a strong performance to place second in the segment with a new personal best score (149.68). She landed all jumps cleanly with the exception of one underrotation on her triple flip. Her combined total (223.23) was also a personal best, and she moved up to narrowly take the silver medal behind Kihira (232.34) and ahead of Tennell (222.97). This competition was the first time she landed all twelve triple jumps possible under the Zayak rule.She expressed satisfaction with her performance overall, for landing the triple Axel, and for overcoming the pressure of performing for a home crowd, remarking that she became the first Korean skater to medal at Four Continents since Olympic Champion Yuna Kim won the event in 2009. She was assigned to make her senior World Championship debut in Montreal, but these were cancelled as a result of the coronavirus pandemic. 2020–2021 season With the pandemic continuing to affect international travel, the ISU opted to assign the Grand Prix based primarily on geographic location. You was initially without a Grand Prix assignment, but was subsequently added to the 2020 NHK Trophy roster once it was clear she could travel to Japan. She was the lone non-Japanese entrant at the NHK Trophy and the only South Korean skater to compete on the Grand Prix that season. Generally considered one of the frontrunners at the event, she had a poor showing in the short program, falling twice and underrotating three of her four triple jumps, as a result of which she placed twelfth of twelve skaters in the segment. She called it "a really weird performance" and attributed it to a failure of nerves.<mask> placed fifth in the free skate, landing the triple Axel this time, and rose to seventh place overall. In February, <mask> competed at the 2021 South Korean Championships. She placed narrowly first in the short program despite underrotation calls, but fell twice in the free skate, including on her triple Axel attempt, and dropped to fourth place overall. As a result, she was not named to Korea's team for the 2021 World Championships. 2021–2022 season: Beijing Olympics You began the season at the Skating Club of Boston's Cranberry Cup event, where she won the silver medal, 30 points behind champion Alysa Liu. She next went on the Challenger series to compete at the 2021 CS Autumn Classic International, where she was considered by many to be the gold medal favourite, but ultimately took silver behind surprise winner Marilena Kitromilis of Cyprus. She did not land a clean triple Axel at either event.Beginning the Grand Prix at the 2021 Skate America, <mask> placed fifth in the short program after falling on her triple Axel attempt. She landed her opening triple Axel in the free skate, albeit deemed a quarter short on rotation, and placed second in that segment despite a few other minor jump issues. She finished with the bronze medal overall, 0.34 behind silver medalist Daria Usacheva. At her second event, the 2021 NHK Trophy, <mask> failed to land her triple Axel in either segment, but still placed third in the short program and second in the free skate to take her second bronze medal of the Grand Prix season. Speaking afterward she said that her goal for the season was "to just get to nationals with no injuries and take care of my body and if I will do well, make it to the Olympics." <mask> entered the 2022 South Korean Championships as the title favourite, and placed first in both segments to win the gold medal. Her margin over silver medalist Kim Ye-lim was 13.85 points.She and Kim were named to the South Korean Olympic team, and sent to compete at the 2022 Four Continents Championships alongside bronze medalist Lee Hae-in. <mask> struggled at the event in Tallinn, botching the triple Axel attempt in both segments and finishing sixth overall, behind both Lee and Kim. Competing at the 2022 Winter Olympics in Beijing, <mask> started the women's event sixth in the short program, having her triple Axel downgraded and receiving an edge call on her flip. In her view "things were not perfectly done, but I think overall it's good." You placed fourth in the free skate despite underrotating her triple Axel, but remained in sixth overall. Skating technique You landed her first successful triple Axel jump in competition at the 2019 CS Lombardia Trophy in Italy during the ISU Challenger Series. She is known to land difficult jump combinations.As of the 2019–2020 season, she actively competes with the triple Axel jump, the triple Lutz-triple toeloop combination, the triple Lutz-Euler-triple Salchow sequence, and the double Axel-triple toeloop combination jumps. Programs Competitive highlights GP: Grand Prix; CS: Challenger Series; JGP: Junior Grand Prix Detailed results Senior level Small medals for short and free programs awarded only at ISU Championships. Personal best highlighted in bold. Junior level Personal best highlighted in bold. Awards and recognition References External links 2004 births Living people South Korean female single skaters Figure skaters at the 2020 Winter Youth Olympics Figure skaters at the 2022 Winter Olympics Olympic figure skaters of South Korea Youth Olympic gold medalists for South Korea Four Continents Figure Skating Championships medalists

Ritchie Blackmore

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<mask> (born 14 April 1945) is an English guitarist and songwriter. He was a founding member of Deep Purple in 1968, playing jam-style hard rock music that mixed guitar riffs and organ sounds. He is prolific in creating guitar riffs and classically influenced solos. During his solo career, <mask> established the heavy metal band Rainbow, which fused baroque music influences and elements of hard rock. Rainbow steadily moved to catchy pop-style mainstream rock. He later formed the traditional folk rock project <mask>'s Night along with his now wife Candice Night, transitioning to vocalist-centred sounds. As a member of Deep Purple, <mask> was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in April 2016.He is cited by publications such as Guitar World and Rolling Stone as one of the greatest and most influential guitar players of all time. Early life <mask> was born at Allendale Nursing Home in Weston-super-Mare, Somerset, as second son to Lewis J<mask> and Violet (née Short). His father was born in Cardiff and his paternal grandfather was born in Swansea, Wales. The family moved to Heston, Middlesex, when <mask> was two. He was 11 when he was given his first guitar by his father on certain conditions, including learning how to play properly, so he took classical guitar lessons for one year. In an interview with Sounds magazine in 1979, <mask> said that he started the guitar because he wanted to be like British musician Tommy Steele, who used to just jump around and play. Blackmore loathed school and hated his teachers.While at school, <mask> participated in sports including the javelin. He left school at age 15 and started work as an apprentice radio mechanic at nearby Heathrow Airport. He took electric guitar lessons from session guitarist Big Jim Sullivan. Career 1960s In 1960 he began to work as a session player for Joe Meek's music productions, and performed in several bands. He was initially a member of the instrumental band the Outlaws, who played in both studio recordings and live concerts. Otherwise, in mainly studio recordings, he backed singer Glenda Collins, German-born pop singer Heinz (playing on his top ten hit "Just Like Eddie", "Beating Of My Heart"), and others. Thereafter, in mainly live concerts, he backed horror-themed singer Screaming Lord Sutch, beat singer Neil Christian, and others.<mask> joined a band-to-be called Roundabout in late 1967 after receiving an invitation from Chris Curtis. Curtis originated the concept of the band, but would be forced out before the band fully formed. After the line-up for Roundabout was complete in April 1968, <mask> is credited with suggesting the new name Deep Purple, as it was his grandmother's favorite song. Deep Purple's early sound leaned on psychedelic and progressive rock, but also included cover versions of 1960s pop songs. This "Mark One" line-up featuring singer Rod Evans and bass player Nick Simper lasted until mid-1969 and produced three studio albums. During this period, organist Jon Lord appeared to be the leader of the band, and wrote much of their original material. 1970s The first studio album from Purple's second line-up, In Rock (1970), signalled a transition in the band's sound from progressive rock to hard rock, with <mask> and Lord having heard King Crimson's debut album.This "Mark Two" line-up featuring rock singer Ian Gillan and bassist Roger Glover lasted until mid-1973, producing four studio albums (two of which reached No. 1 in the UK), and two live albums. During this period, the band's songs primarily came out of their jam sessions, so songwriting credits were shared by the five members. <mask> later stated, "I didn't give a damn about song construction. I just wanted to make as much noise and play as fast and as loud as possible." Famous guitarist Steve Vai was more complimentary about <mask>'s role in developing song ideas : "He was able to bring blues to rock playing unlike anybody else." The third Deep Purple line-up featured David Coverdale on vocals and Glenn Hughes on bass and vocals.Songwriting was now more fragmented, as opposed to the band compositions from the Mark Two era. This "Mark Three" line-up lasted until mid-1975 and produced two studio albums. <mask> quit the band to front a new group, Rainbow. In 1974, <mask> took cello lessons from Hugh McDowell (of ELO). <mask> later stated that when playing a different musical instrument, he found it refreshing because there is a sense of adventure not knowing exactly what chord he's playing or what key he is in. <mask> originally planned to make a solo album, but instead in 1975 formed his own band, <mask>'s Rainbow, later shortened to Rainbow. Featuring vocalist Ronnie James Dio and his blues rock backing band Elf as studio musicians, this first line-up never performed live.The band's debut album, <mask>'s Rainbow, was released in 1975. Rainbow was originally thought to be a one-off collaboration, but endured as an ongoing band project with a series of album releases and tours. Rainbow's music was partly inspired by elements of medieval and baroque music since <mask> started to play cello for musical composition. During this period, <mask> wrote a crucial part of Dio's basic melodies, particularly on their debut album. Shortly after the first album was recorded, <mask> recruited new backing musicians to record the second album Rising (1976), and the following live album, On Stage (1977). Rising was originally billed as "Blackmore's Rainbow" in the US. After the next studio album's release and supporting tour in 1978, Dio left Rainbow due to "creative differences" with <mask>, who desired to move in a more commercial sounding direction.<mask> continued with Rainbow, and in 1979 the band released a new album titled Down To Earth, which featured R&B singer Graham Bonnet. During song composition, Bonnet says that he wrote his vocal melodies based upon the lyrics of bassist Roger Glover. The album marked the commercialisation of the band's sound and contained their first smash hit with the single "Since You Been Gone" (penned by Russ Ballard). 1980s The next Rainbow album, Difficult to Cure (1981), introduced melodic vocalist Joe Lynn Turner. The instrumental title track from this album was an arrangement of Beethoven's Ninth Symphony with additional music. <mask> once said, "I found the blues too limiting, and classical was too disciplined. I was always stuck in a musical no man's land."The album marked the further commercialisation of the band's sound with <mask> describing at the time a liking for the AOR band, Foreigner. The music was consciously radio-targeted in a more AOR style, resulting in some degree of alienation with many of Rainbow's earlier fans. Rainbow's next studio album was Straight Between the Eyes (1982) and included the hit single "Stone Cold". It would be followed by the album Bent Out of Shape (1983), which featured the single "Street of Dreams". In 1983, Rainbow was also nominated for a Grammy Award for the Blackmore-penned instrumental ballad track "Anybody There". Rainbow disbanded in 1984. A then-final Rainbow album, Finyl Vinyl, was patched together from live tracks and the B-sides of various singles.In 1984, <mask> joined a reunion of the former Deep Purple "Mark Two" line-up and recorded new material. This reunion line-up lasted until 1989, producing two studio albums and one live album. Although the reunion's first album Perfect Strangers (1984) saw chart success, the second studio album The House of Blue Light (1987) displayed a sound that was closer to Rainbow's music and did not sell as well. The album's musical style differed from the traditional Purple sound due to <mask>'s Rainbow background, which distinguished him from the other members. 1990s The next Deep Purple line-up recorded one album titled Slaves and Masters (1990), which featured former Rainbow vocalist Joe Lynn Turner. During song composition, Turner wrote his vocal melodies. Subsequently, the "Mark Two" line-up reunited for a second time in late 1992 and produced one studio album, The Battle Rages On....Overall, the traditional Deep Purple sound returned. During the follow-up promotional tour, <mask> quit the band for good in November 1993. Prominent guitarist Joe Satriani was brought in to complete the remaining tour dates. <mask> reformed Rainbow with new members in 1994. This Rainbow line-up, featuring hard rock singer Doogie White, lasted until 1997 and produced one album titled Stranger in Us All in 1995. It was originally intended to be a solo album but due to the record company pressures the record was billed as <mask>'s Rainbow. Though Doogie White wasn't as distinctive as previous Rainbow singers, the album had a sound dissimilar to any Rainbow of old.This was Rainbow's eighth studio album, made after a gap of 12 years since Bent out of Shape, and is regarded as <mask>'s last hard rock album. A world tour including South America followed. Rainbow was disbanded once again after playing its final concert in 1997. <mask> later said, "I didn't want to tour very much." Over the years Rainbow went through many personnel changes with no two studio albums featuring the same line-up: <mask> was the sole constant band member. Rainbow achieved modest success; the band's worldwide sales are estimated at more than 28 million album copies, including 4 million copies sold in the US. In 1997 <mask>, with his girlfriend Candice Night as vocalist, formed the traditional folk rock duo <mask>'s Night.From about 1995, they were already working on their debut album Shadow of the Moon (1997). <mask> once portrayed their artistic characteristics as "Mike Oldfield plus Enya". <mask> mostly used acoustic guitar, to back Night's delicate vocal melodies, which he wrote. Night said, "When he sings, he sings only for me, in private". As a result, his musical approach shifted to vocalist-centered sounds. They recorded a mixture of original and cover materials. The band's musical style is inspired by medieval music and it blended with

Ritchie Blackmore

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Night's lyrics about love's themes.The second release, entitled Under a Violet Moon (1999) continued in the same folk-rock style, with Night's vocals remaining a prominent feature of the band's style. The title track's lyrics were partly written by <mask>. "Violet" was his mother's first name and "Moon" was his grandmother's surname. 2000s–present In subsequent albums, particularly Fires at Midnight (2001) which featured the Bob Dylan cover "The Times They Are a Changin'", there was occasionally an increased incorporation of electric guitar into the music, whilst maintaining a folk rock direction. A live album, Past Times with Good Company was released in 2002. After the next studio album's release, an official compilation album Beyond the Sunset: The Romantic Collection was released in 2004, featuring music from the four studio albums. A Christmas-themed holiday album, Winter Carols was released in 2006.Through numerous personnel changes, the backing musicians have totalled 26 persons. <mask> sometimes played drums in recording studio. They choose to avoid typical rock concert tours, instead limiting their appearances to small intimate venues. In 2011, Night said, "We have actually turned down a lot of (touring) opportunities." <mask> continued to write her vocal melodies. They have released eleven studio albums, with the latest one being Nature's Light in 2021. A re-formed Rainbow performed three European concerts in June 2016.The concert setlists included both Rainbow and Deep Purple material. The band featured metal singer Ronnie Romero, keyboardist Jens Johansson and bassist Bob Nouveau. Equipment During the 1960s, <mask> played a Gibson ES-335 but from 1970 he mainly played a Fender Stratocaster until he formed Blackmore's Night in 1997. The middle pick-up on his Stratocaster is screwed down and not used. <mask> occasionally used a Fender Telecaster Thinline during recording sessions. He is also one of the first rock guitarists to use a "scalloped" fretboard which has a "U" shape between the frets. In his soloing, <mask> combines blues scales and phrasing with dominant minor scales and ideas from European classical music.While playing he would often put the pick in his mouth, playing with his fingers. He occasionally uses the diatonic scale, with rapidly changing tonality. In the 1970s, <mask> used a number of different Stratocasters; one of his main guitars was an Olympic white 1974 model with a rosewood fingerboard that was scalloped. <mask> added a strap lock to the headstock of this guitar as a conversation piece to annoy and confuse people. His amplifiers were originally 200-Watt Marshall Major stacks which were modified by Marshall with an additional output-stage (generated approximately 27 dB) to make them sound more like <mask>'s favourite Vox AC30 amp cranked to full volume. Since 1994, he has used ENGL tube-amps. Effects he used from 1970 to 1997, besides his usual tape echo, included a Hornby Skewes treble booster in the early days.Around late-1973, he experimented with an EMS Synthi Hi Fli guitar synthesizer. He sometimes used a wah-wah pedal and a variable control treble-booster for sustain, and Moog Taurus bass pedals were used in solo parts during concerts. He also had a modified Aiwa TP-1011 tape machine built to supply echo and delay effects; the tape deck was also used as a pre-amp. Other effects that <mask> used were a Uni-Vibe, a Dallas Arbiter Fuzz Face and an Octave Divider. In the mid-1980s he experimented with Roland guitar synthesizers. A Roland GR-700 was seen on stage as late as 1995–96, later replaced with the GR-50. <mask> has experimented with many different pick-ups in his Strats.In the early Rainbow era, they were still stock Fenders, later Dawk installed over wound, dipped, Fender pick-ups. He has also used Schecter F-500-Ts, Velvet Hammer "Red Rhodes", DiMarzio "HS-2", OBL "Black Label", Bill Lawrence L-450, XL-250 (bridge), L-250 (neck). In his signature stratocaster Seymour Duncan Quarter Pound Flat SSL-4's are used to emulate the Schecter F500ts and since the early 90s, he has used Lace Sensor (Gold) "noiseless" pick-ups. Musical influences and tastes <mask> credits fellow guitarist Eric Clapton's music with helping him develop his own style of vibrato around 1968 or 1969. In 1979, <mask> said: "I like popular music. I like ABBA very much. But there's so much stigma like, 'you can't do this because you're a heavy band', and I think that's rubbish.You should do what you want ... I think classical music is very good for the soul. A lot of people go 'ah well, classical music is for old fogies' but I was exactly the same. At 16 I didn't want to know about classical music: I'd had it rammed down my throat. But now I feel an obligation to tell the kids 'look, just give classical music a chance' ... the guitar frustrates me a lot because I'm not good enough to play it sometimes so I get mad and throw a moody. Sometimes I feel that what I'm doing is not right, in the sense that the whole rock and roll business has become a farce, like Billy Smart, Jr. Circus, and the only music that ever moves me is very disciplined classical music, which I can't play.But there's a reason I've made money. It's because I believe in what I'm doing, in that I do it my way—I play for myself first, then secondly the audience—I try to put as much as I can in it for them. Lastly I play for musicians and the band, and for critics not at all." Personal life In May 1964, Blackmore married Margit Volkmar (b. 1945) from Germany. They lived in Hamburg during the late 1960s. Their son, Jürgen (b.1964), played guitar in the touring tribute band Over the Rainbow. Following their divorce, <mask> married Bärbel, a former dancer from Germany, in September 1969 until their divorce in early 1970s. As a result, he is a fluent German speaker. For tax-reasons, he moved to the US in 1974. Initially he lived in Oxnard, California, with opera singer Shoshana Feinstein for one year. She provided backing vocals on two songs in Rainbow's first album. During this period, he listened to early European classical music and light music a lot, for about three-quarters of his private time.<mask> once said, "It's hard to relate that to rock. I listen very carefully to the patterns that Bach plays. I like direct, dramatic music." After having an affair with another woman, Christine, <mask> met Amy Rothman in 1978, and moved to Connecticut. He married Rothman in 1981, but they divorced in 1983. Following the marriage's conclusion, he began a relationship with Tammi Williams. In early 1984 <mask> met Williams in Chattanooga, Tennessee, where she was working as a hotel employee.In the same year, he purchased his first car, having learned to drive at 39 years of age. <mask> and then-fashion model Candice Night began living together in 1991. They moved to her native Long Island in 1993. Having been engaged for nearly fifteen years, the couple married in 2008. Night said, "he's making me younger and I'm aging him rapidly." Their daughter Autumn was born on 27 May 2010, and their son Rory on 7 February 2012. <mask> is a heavy drinker, and watches German-language television on his satellite dish when he is at home.He has several German friends and a collection of about 2,000 CDs of Renaissance music. Legacy Readers of Guitar World voted two of <mask>'s guitar solos (both recorded with Deep Purple) among the 100 Greatest Guitar Solos of all time. ("Highway Star" ranked 19th, and "Lazy" ranked 74th.) On 8 April 2016, he was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as one of original members of Deep Purple; however, he did not attend the ceremony. In 1993, Musicologist Robert Walser defined him as "the most important musician of the emerging metal/classical fusion". He is also credited as a precursor of the so-called "guitar shredders" that emerged in the mid-1980s. <mask> has been an influence on various guitarists such as Fredrik Åkesson, Brett Garsed, Janick Gers, Paul Gilbert, Craig Goldy, Scott Henderson, Dave Meniketti, Randy Rhoads, Michael Romeo, Wolf Hoffmann, Lita Ford, Brian May, and Yngwie Malmsteen.He was portrayed by Mathew Baynton in the 2009 film Telstar. Right" 1964 Houston Wells – "We'll Remember You" 1965 The Outlaws – "As Long As I Live" (recorded live) 1965 Glenda Collins – "Sing C' Est La Vie"; "Run To Me"; "Self Portrait" Compilations 1989 <mask> – Rock Profile Vol. 1 1991 <mask> – Rock Profile Vol. 2 1991 The Derek Lawrence Sessions Take 1 1992 The Derek Lawrence Sessions Take 3 1994 Heinz – Dreams Do Come True – The 45's Collection 1994 <mask> – Take It! A Tribute To Hank Marvin & The Shadows (1996) <mask> plays on "Apache" Sweet – All Right Now (1996) – recorded live in 1976, <mask> plays on "All Right Now" Pat Boone – In a Metal Mood: No More Mr. Nice Guy (1997) <mask> plays on a cover of "Smoke On The Water" along with Dweezil Zappa Geyers Schwarzer Haufen – Live '99 (1999) <mask> plays on "Göttliche Devise", a bonus track off the album Geyers Schwarzer Haufen – Historock Lästerzungen (2004) – <mask> plays on "God's Gospel" William Shatner – Seeking Major Tom (2011) <mask> and Candice Night guest on a cover of David Bowie's "Space Oddity" William Shatner – The Blues (2020) - <mask> and Candice Night guest on a cover of B. B. King's "The Thrill Is Gone" References Further reading External links The Official Blackmore's Night website 1945 births Living people English rock guitarists English heavy metal guitarists New-age guitarists English folk guitarists English male guitarists English songwriters English people of Welsh descent Rainbow (rock band) members Blackmore's Night members The Outlaws (band) members Deep Purple members People from Weston-super-Mare English expatriates in the United States English session musicians Lead guitarists Slide guitarists English expatriates in Germany British mandolinists Hurdy-gurdy players Screaming Lord Sutch and the Savages members 20th-century British guitarists 21st-century British guitarists Blues rock

Dick Asher

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<mask> is an American lawyer and former recording company executive. He is currently an affiliate professor of music business and an advisor to the undergraduate commercial music program at Florida Atlantic University. Biography <mask> became widely known to the general public through Frederic Dannen's 1990 book Hit Men: Power Brokers And Fast Money Inside The Music Business, which chronicled <mask>'s music industry career, particularly focussing on his tenure as Deputy President of Columbia Records between 1979 and 1983, his corporate and personal battles with controversial label president Walter Yetnikoff, and <mask>'s attempts in the early 1980s to expose and defeat the growing influence of a cabal of independent record promotion agents known as "The Network". A veteran of the United States Marine Corps, <mask> received degrees from Tufts University and Cornell Law School before beginning his working life as a corporate lawyer. His music industry career began in the mid-1960s when he was appointed as Vice President of Business Affairs for the CBS (now Sony Music) group of record labels, which included the Columbia and Epic Records labels. One of his first major duties at CBS was a 1966 meeting with Bob Dylan in Woodstock, New York, shortly after Dylan's legendary motorcycle accident, to negotiate the renewal of Dylan's Columbia recording contract. <mask> rapidly gained a reputation for his honesty, integrity, loyalty, thoroughness and able business administration.In 1970 he was appointed Vice President of Capitol Reocrds' east coast division, but the move was not a successful one for <mask> (Dannen described it as "a disaster") and in 1971 <mask> gratefully accepted Columbia president Clive Davis's offer to return to CBS. In 1972 he was sent to London to take over Columbia's loss-making UK division, which he soon returned to profit, and he was subsequently promoted to become the head of CBS' entire overseas recording operation. In 1979 the music industry experienced a major and rapid downturn in sales, and the CBS labels suffering a serious drop in profits. To deal with this crisis, then CBS Chief Operating Officer John Backe created the new position of Deputy President of Columbia Records and appointed <mask> to the role, where he implemented a stringent but effective (although very unpopular) round of cost-cutting, during which he was obliged to retrench hundreds of CBS staff. One area of expenditure that soon became a matter of particular concern to <mask> was the large and rising cost of payments to independent promotion agents, and <mask> calculated that this little-known facet of the company's operation was by then costing CBS alone around $10 million annually. For most of their history, music publishers and record labels had long used "song pluggers", freelance promotions agents who were hired on a casual basis to promote and sell new sheet music - and later, new record releases - to department and music stores, and radio station program directors. For many years this had been a relatively low-cost operation, but through the late 1960s and early 1970s, the combination of increasing competition between record labels, the enormous increase in the volume of new records, and the development of the restrictive Top 40 radio programming format meant that by the mid-1970s record labels were finding it increasingly difficult to get new releases placed into radio station playlists by their house marketing staff, and the American labels began to rely more and more heavily on a small group of powerful and influential independent promoters.As he investigated Columbia's expenditures during 1979, <mask> quickly realised that the cost of paying these "indies" (independent promotion agents) had skyrocketed - when he took over the CBS UK operation in 1972, an "indie" might only charge around $100 per week, but by 1980 it was estimated that the major labels were paying $100,000-$200,000 or more per record to hire these agents to promote their products to radio, and it was calculated that, industry-wide, the practice was by then costing at least $50 million annually. He also discovered that a group of the top independent American agents had organised themselves into a loose association known as "The Network", and that this group now had a virtual stranglehold over this crucial area of record company promotions. In late 1979 <mask> decided to test the power of The Network by deliberately not paying their agents to promote the new Pink Floyd single "Another Brick in the Wall" to radio stations in Los Angeles. The results dramatically validated his concerns - despite the fact that the group was the talk of the town at the time, performing sell-out concerts and garnering rave reviews, not one of the major L.A. radio stations would add the single to their playlist - but once the company resumed payments, the single quickly entered the Top 40, and in February 1980 its parent LP The Wall went to #1 on the Billboard album chart, where it remained for the next four months. For several reasons <mask> was determined to stop the practice of paying these "indies", but his crusade was strongly opposed by his boss, Columbia's volatile President, Walter Yetnikoff, who personally disliked <mask> and disagreed with many of his this business decisions. Yetnikoff strenuously defended the use of the "indies" as being essential to the company's business. <mask> however was now greatly concerned about the wider ramifications of this practice - he realised that "The Network" was, in effect, an industry-wide extortion racket whose real power lay in its ability to prevent records from getting to radio, and he also suspected that its leaders may have had links to organised crime.<mask> feared that this could precipitate another major scandal, on the scale of 1950s payola debacle, which destroyed the career of top DJ Alan Freed. <mask> knew that there were instances of apparent fraud, in which the Network agents were charging large sums for the placement of records that in fact were never even played on radio, and that the use of "indies" could be construed as bribery. He also feared that these practices could have disastrous consequences for his company, because if it was found that the CBS labels had been involved in any criminal activity, the Federal Communications Commission had the power to suspend or even revoke the all-important broadcast licences held by Columbia's parent, CBS Inc. which operated the CBS television and radio networks. In 1981, with concern across the industry growing, and after negotiations between the major labels, CBS and Warner Communications agreed to a joint boycott on payments to The Network, but it fizzled out after only a few weeks, and the labels soon returned to paying the Network. <mask> later found that one of his own labels, Epic, had been evading the boycott almost from the beginning, by hiding payments to The Network as "tour promotions" and other costs. By early 1983 <mask>'s financial efforts at CBS were reaping rewards, and the company posted its biggest quarterly profit since the late '70s, but in mid-April he was called to a meeting with Yetnikoff, who told him that CBS Music's new CEO Thomas Wyman "had problems" with him. Shocked and puzzled, <mask> began to question Yetnikoff about the claim, but at this point the obviously uncomfortable Yetnikoff abruptly got up, left the room and (as <mask> soon discovered) he immediately went home.Yetnikoff then deliberately avoided <mask> for days. <mask> eventually contacted Wyman and arranged a meeting, where Wyman told him that it was in fact Yetnikoff who "had problems" with <mask>. <mask> then searched the building trying to find Yetnikoff to discuss and hopefully resolve the issue, but he later found out that Yetnikoff had been deliberately hiding in another executive's office so that <mask> could not find him. The following Friday <mask> came to work to discover that his regularly scheduled weekly staff meeting had been cancelled, and that he had been ordered to come to Yetnikoff's office. There <mask> was confronted by Yetnikoff and Wyman, who presented and demanded that <mask> sign a one-line press statement announcing that he had left CBS. A stunned <mask> refused to sign, despite repeated demands by Yetnikoff and Wyman, and he then insisted on seeing his lawyer. <mask> realised he was being fired, but after consulting his lawyer, he realised that it would be pointless to fight the company and he acquiesced to his dismissal.<mask> then spent almost a year "in the wilderness", during which time he found it almost impossible to find work, and was shunned by former colleagues, but in 1984, in a surprise move, he was brought in to act as a senior consultant on the proposed merger between the Warner and Polygram music groups. Ultimately Federal Trade Commission refused to approve the merger, but <mask> had by then been appointed as a senior VIce-President at Warner Communications, and in October 1985 he was headhunted to become the new President and Chief Executive of Polygram Records Inc. References Dannen, Frederic, Hit Men: Power Brokers and Fast Money Inside The Music Business, Vintage Books, 1991 () Year of birth missing (living people) Living people American lawyers American chief executives

René Rivera

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<mask> (born July 31, 1983) is a Puerto Rican professional baseball catcher who is a free agent. He previously played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Seattle Mariners, Minnesota Twins, San Diego Padres, Tampa Bay Rays, New York Mets, Chicago Cubs, Los Angeles Angels, Atlanta Braves, Cleveland Indians, and Washington Nationals. Professional career Seattle Mariners <mask> was drafted by the Seattle Mariners in the second round (49th overall) of the 2001 Major League Baseball Draft as a 17-year-old. He was chosen as a compensation pick from the Texas Rangers for the signing of Alex Rodriguez. <mask> played most of the 2004 season with the High-A California League Inland Empire 66ers but played with both the Triple-A and Major League clubs in September. He made his Major League debut September 22, , playing in two games for the Mariners that season as a late-inning replacement. <mask> began 2005 with the Double-A San Antonio Missions.He was promoted to the Mariners on May 15, but optioned back to San Antonio on May 20 without appearing in a game. He was again promoted to the Mariners on May 30 when starting catcher Miguel Olivo was sent down to Triple-A. On May 31, <mask> had his first Major League start and base hit, going 3 for 5 at the plate. <mask> shared catching duties with Pat Borders in June and was optioned back to San Antonio when Olivo returned. He played with the Triple-A Tacoma Rainiers in August and returned to the Mariners in September. In 2005, he had 12 starts at catcher and 19 hits in 48 at-bats at the Major League level. <mask> was one of the final players cut from the roster in 2006 spring training and began the year at Triple-A.He was back with the Mariners by mid-April and served as a back-up to Kenji Johjima for the remainder of the season, batting .152 in 99 at-bats over 35 games. During the off-season, the Mariners weighed the benefits of allowing the young catcher to develop his hitting in the minor leagues against his providing limited offense in a back-up role in the Majors. In , <mask> played for the Mariners Double-A affiliate, the West Tenn Diamond Jaxx, batting .214 in 91 games. He was granted free agency in November. Los Angeles Dodgers On November 22, 2007, <mask> signed a minor league contract that included an invitation to spring training with the Los Angeles Dodgers. The Dodgers assigned him to Double-A Jacksonville to begin the season. While at Jacksonville, <mask> began playing some first base, along with catcher, and was promoted to Triple-A Las Vegas on June 3.He hit .250 across both levels and was granted free agency at the end of the season. New York Mets <mask> signed with the New York Mets in November 2008. He spent the 2009 season with the Triple-A Buffalo Bisons, appearing in 63 games at catcher and 3 at third base. He hit .234 with 9 home runs. Camden Riversharks <mask> began the 2010 season with the independent Camden Riversharks of the Atlantic League of Professional Baseball. In 22 games with Camden, <mask> batted .280/.337/.610 with 7 home runs and 19 RBI. New York Yankees The New York Yankees signed <mask> on May 20, 2010, to a minor league contract.He was initially assigned to the Triple-A Scranton/Wilkes-Barre Yankees and was later moved to the Double-A Trenton Thunder. Minnesota Twins On December 17, 2010, <mask> signed a minor league contract with the Minnesota Twins. His contract was purchased by the Twins on May 5, 2011. He was brought up from Triple-A to provide back-up to Drew Butera, who was the Twins' primary catcher with Joe Mauer on the disabled list. He went back to Triple-A in early July, but rejoined the team on August 28 when Mauer was sitting out. He finished the year with the Twins, hitting .144 in 104 at-bats over 45 games on the season. <mask> was granted free agency at the end of the 2011 season, but re-signed with the Twins on a minor league deal and an invitation to spring training.<mask> stayed with the Triple-A Rochester Red Wings for the full 2012 season, batting .226 in 95 games. <mask> was displeased with the Twins when he was passed over and they called up catcher Chris Herrmann from Double-A to add depth in September. San Diego Padres <mask> was signed to a minor league contract by the San Diego Padres on December 12, 2012. He was recalled from the Triple-A Tucson Padres on July 7, 2013, to replace Yasmani Grandal, who was placed on the disabled list. He was hitting .343 with Tucson at the time of his recall. He remained the backup to Nick Hundley for the rest of the season. In 23 games for San Diego, he hit .254/.268/.328 with 7 RBI and 4 runs.The Padres opened 2014 carrying three catchers, and <mask> was selected as the Opening Day catcher. <mask> became the personal catcher for Andrew Cashner during the season and picked up more starts once Nick Hundley was traded in late May. He finished the year with the majority of starts at catcher for the Padres with 85. On August 27, <mask> hit a game-winning single in the 10th inning after hitting a game-tying home run in the 9th inning, becoming the first Padres player since Adrián González in 2010 to have tying and winning RBIs in the same game. On the year, <mask> batted .252 with 11 home runs in 294 at-bats over a total of 103 games. Tampa Bay Rays On December 19, 2014, the Padres traded <mask>, Jake Bauers, and Burch Smith to the Tampa Bay Rays in a three-team trade that saw the Rays trade Wil Myers, Jose Castillo and Ryan Hanigan to the Padres, the Padres trade Joe Ross and a player to be named later to the Washington Nationals, and Washington trade Steven Souza and Travis Ott to Tampa Bay. In 2015, he was mainly used as the personal catcher for Chris Archer.<mask> finished the 2015 season hitting .178 with 5 home runs and 26 RBIs. <mask> was released by the Rays on March 30, 2016. New York Mets (second stint) On April 5, 2016, <mask> signed a minor league deal with the New York Mets. He was called up to the major league team on April 26, 2016, when Travis d'Arnaud was placed on the disabled list. He started for the Mets in their Wild Card game against the San Francisco Giants, going 1 for 3 and throwing out Denard Span. Throughout the season he was Noah Syndergaard and Seth Lugo's personal catcher. <mask> appeared in 65 games for New York, posting a .222/.291/.341 slash line with 6 home runs and 26 RBI.On December 3, 2016, <mask> and the Mets avoided salary arbitration by agreeing to a one-year, $1.75 million contract. Chicago Cubs On August 19, 2017, the Chicago Cubs claimed <mask> off waivers. He was added to the 25-man roster and was the starting catcher for the Cubs the following day against the Toronto Blue Jays. In 20 games with Chicago, <mask> slashed .341/.408/.591 with 2 home runs and 12 RBI. Los Angeles Angels On January 9, 2018, <mask> signed with the Los Angeles Angels. In 30 games with the Angels, <mask> logged a .244/.287/.439 slash line with 4 home runs and 11 RBI. Atlanta Braves <mask> was claimed off waivers by the Atlanta Braves on August 29, 2018.<mask> appeared in 3 games for Atlanta, and went 0-for-4 with 3 strikeouts. San Francisco Giants On February 8, 2019, he signed a minor league deal with the San Francisco Giants. <mask> was released on March 23, 2019. New York Mets (third stint) On March 25, 2019, <mask> signed a minor league deal with the New York Mets. He was assigned to the Triple-A Syracuse Mets. On August 24, the Mets selected <mask>'s contract. In 9 games with the Mets, <mask> went 4-for-17 with 1 home run and 3 RBI.On January 21, 2020, <mask> re-signed with the Mets on a minor league deal. On July 19, 2020, <mask> was selected to the Mets' 40-man roster. <mask> only appeared in 2 games for the Mets before undergoing season ending surgery to remove a bone spur from his left elbow. Cleveland Indians On April 14, 2021, <mask> signed a minor league contract with the Cleveland Indians organization. The Indians selected <mask>'s contract on May 5. <mask> slashed .236/.300/.400 with 2 home runs and 9 RBI in 21 games before he was designated for assignment on July 3. He was released by the Indians on July 8.Washington Nationals On July 16, 2021, <mask> signed a major league contract with the Washington Nationals. He made his Nationals debut at starting catcher the same evening in a game against the San Diego Padres. In 4 games for the Nationals, <mask> hit .214 with 0 home runs and 0 RBI's. On August 14, <mask> was released by the Nationals. Accomplishments 2004 California League Mid-Season All-Star team 2002 Northwest League Post-season All-Star team MVP of the 2001 Excellence Tournament held in Puerto Rico Personal life <mask> is married to Mariel Perez, daughter of Eddie 'La Bala' Pérez, a founding member of El Gran Combo de Puerto Rico. She gave birth to twins in September, 2013. References External links 1983 births Living people Sportspeople from Bayamón, Puerto Rico Major League Baseball players from Puerto Rico Major League Baseball catchers Seattle Mariners players Minnesota Twins players San Diego Padres players Tampa Bay Rays players New York Mets players Chicago Cubs players Los Angeles Angels players Atlanta Braves players Cleveland Indians players Washington Nationals players Arizona League Mariners players Everett AquaSox players Wisconsin Timber Rattlers players Inland Empire 66ers of San Bernardino players Tacoma Rainiers players San Antonio Missions players West Tennessee Diamond Jaxx players Jacksonville Suns players Las Vegas 51s players Buffalo Bisons (minor league) players Scranton/Wilkes-Barre Yankees players Trenton Thunder players Camden Riversharks players Rochester Red Wings players Tucson Padres players Gigantes de Carolina players Tigres del Licey players Puerto Rican expatriate baseball players in the Dominican Republic Lobos de Arecibo players Senadores de San Juan players Indios de Mayagüez players Leones de Ponce players 2017 World Baseball Classic players Syracuse Mets players Twitch (service) streamers

Althea McNish

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<mask> (15 May 1924 – 16 April 2020) was a British textile designer of Trinidadian origin who has been called the first British designer of African descent to earn an international reputation. Born in Trinidad, McNish moved to Britain in the 1950s. She was associated with the Caribbean Artists Movement (CAM) in the 1960s, participating in CAM's exhibitions and seminars and helping to promote Caribbean arts to a British public. Her work is represented in the collections of the Victoria and Albert Museum, the Whitworth Museum, the Philadelphia Museum of Art, the Museum of Domestic Design and Architecture and the Cooper-Hewitt (Smithsonian Design Museum), among other places. McNish was a Fellow of the Chartered Society of Designers. She was married to the jewellery designer John Weiss (21 June 1933 – 9 November 2018). Following McNish’s death in 2020, The McNish Trust assumed copyright proprietorship of her work.Background <mask> <mask> was born in Port of Spain, Trinidad, around 1933. Her father, the writer Joseph Claude <mask>, was descended from the Merikin settlers in Trinidad. She painted as a child, helped with her mother's dressmaking business by doing sketches, was a junior member of the Trinidad Arts Society and had her first exhibition at the age of 16. Her influences included local artists Sybil Atteck, Amy Leong Pang and Boscoe Holder, and European modernists such as Vincent van Gogh. In 1951 McNish moved with her mother to London, England, to join her father there. She already had a place to study at the Architectural Association School of Architecture in Bedford Square but instead took courses at the London School of Printing and Graphic Arts, the Central School of Arts and Crafts and the Royal College of Art. In her final year at the London School of Printing and Graphic Arts, she became interested in textiles with the encouragement of Eduardo Paolozzi, and chose printed textiles as her subject of study on progressing to the Royal College of Art, where her talent was recognised by Hugh Casson.On graduating, she immediately won a commission from Arthur Stewart-Liberty, head of the Liberty department store, sending her the same day by taxi to Zika Ascher, who commissioned her to design a collection for Dior. Successfully designing for such prestigious clients, <mask> was the first Caribbean woman to achieve prominence in this field. In 1966, McNish designed fabrics for the official wardrobe of Elizabeth II's during the Queen's visit to Trinidad. She took part in the art exhibitions of the Caribbean Artists Movement (CAM) held in 1967, May 1968 and January 1971, exhibiting textiles as well as "plastic panels in laminate". For the Caribbean edition of the BBC TV magazine programme Full House, produced by John La Rose and transmitted on 3 February 1973, she brought together the work of CAM visual artists as a studio setting for CAM writers, musicians and film-makers. More recently, her work — represented by three printed textiles from early in her career: Golden Harvest, Pomegranate and Fresco — was featured in the exhibition RCA Black: Past, Present & Future (31 August–6 September 2011), organised by the Royal College of Art in collaboration with the African and African-Caribbean Design Diaspora (AACDD) to celebrate art and design by African and African-Caribbean graduates. In 1969 she married John Weiss, architect, jeweller and historian, and worked in partnership with him from 1971.They were in conversation with John La Rose on 2 February 1999 as part of the "Life Experience With Britain" series held at New Beacon Books (other participants included Dennis Bovell, Gus John, Rev. Wilfred Wood, Aggrey Burke, Yvonne Brewster, and Alexis Rennie). At the time of Weiss's death in 2018, Jake Leith, former president of the Chartered Society of Designers, said: "John and <mask> were great ambassadors for the UK Fashion and Textile Design Sector." Notable designs Most of McNish's designs are based on nature though some use abstract themes, occasionally geometric. One of her first designs to go into production, Golden Harvest in 1957, was a screen print on cotton satin, later manufactured by Hull Traders (for whom she also created eight other patterns), the design being based on an Essex wheatfield but using tropical colours. A number of her early designs including Tropic, a dress fabric printed on silk and produced by Zika Ascher in 1959, and Gilia, a cotton furnishing fabric featuring tropical foliage in green and gold, produced by Hull Traders in 1961, are in the textile collection at the Victoria & Albert Museum. Also in 1959, for a commission by the Design Research Unit for the new SS Oriana, which was launched in November 1959 and was the last of the Orient Steam Navigation Company's ocean liners, she produced murals for two restaurants, Rayflower and Pineapples and pomegranates, laminated into Warerite plastic panels, a line later pursued by Perstorp Group.The 1960 modernisation of the interior of the Port of Spain General Hospital, Trinidad, by the architects Devereux and Davies, included murals by McNish. In 1997, reviewing the exhibition Transforming the Crown: African, Asian and Caribbean Artists in Britain, 1966–1996, in which McNish participated at the Studio Museum in Harlem, New York, with other CAM artists, The New York Times reported that she "produces abstract, geometric fabric designs inspired by African motifs". In 2018 McNish was named in Architectural Digest as one of "Five Female Designers Who Changed History" (alongside Maija Isola, Norma Merrick Sklarek, Muriel Cooper, and Denise Scott Brown). McNish featured in the 2018 BBC Four documentary film Whoever Heard of a Black Artist? Britain's Hidden Art History, in which Brenda Emmanus followed Sonia Boyce and a team she led in preparing an exhibition at Manchester Art Gallery, focusing on artists of African and Asian descent who have played a part in shaping the history of British art. Selected exhibitions Solo exhibitions 2003: <mask> <mask>: My World of Colour: the international work and inspirations of a Black British Trinidadian textile designer. Ohio University, Athens, USA.1997: <mask> <mask>. Hockney Gallery, Royal College of Art, London. 1982: <mask> <mask>. People's Gallery, London. 1958: <mask> <mask>. Woodstock Gallery, London. Group exhibitions 2019: Get Up, Stand Up Now.Somerset House, London. 2011: RCA Black. Royal College of Art, London. 2007: Trade and Empire: Remembering Slavery. Whitworth Art Gallery, University of Manchester, Manchester. 1998: Six into One: Artists from the Caribbean. Morley Gallery, London.1997: Trinidad and Tobago Through the Eye of the Artist: From Cazabon to the New Millennium 1813–2000. Commonwealth Institute, London. Exhibition in celebration of the 35th anniversary of independence of the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago. 1997: Transforming the Crown: African, Asian & Caribbean Artists in Britain, 1966–1996. Caribbean Cultural Center, Studio Museum in Harlem, and Bronx Museum of the Arts, New York. 1996: Caribbean Connection 2: Island Pulse. Islington Arts Factory, London.1986: Make or Break. Henry Moore Gallery, London. 1982: Commonwealth Festival Exhibition. Brisbane, Australia. 1981: INDIGO '81 International Exhibition. Indigo, Lille, France. 1978: The Way We Live Now.Victoria & Albert Museum, London. 1978: Afro-Caribbean Art. Artists Market, London, organised by Drum Arts Centre. 1975: Caribbean Women Artists Exhibition. Olympia International Arts Centre, Kingston, Jamaica. 1971: Caribbean Artists in England. Commonwealth Institute, London.1968: Caribbean Artists Movement. Digby Stuart College, House of Commons of the United Kingdom and London School of Economics, London. 1967: Caribbean Artists Movement. Theatre Royal, Stratford. 1961: Paintings by Trinidad and Tobago Artists. Commonwealth Institute, London. Awards and accolades 1976: Chaconia Medal (Gold), Republic of Trinidad and Tobago, "for long and meritorious service to art and design" 1988: Scarlet Ibis Award, Trinidad and Tobago High Commission, London 2006: Honorary Doctor of Fine Art, University of Trinidad and Tobago 2008: Journalist Angela Cobbinah described her as "immediately influential, helping to establish new furnishing trends as well as inspire more adventurous fashion designers further down the line like Zandra Rhodes."2012: Jubilee Gala Award for Achievement in the Arts at the UK High Commission of Trinidad and Tobago, celebrating the 50th anniversary of independence. References Further reading Roxy Harris and Sarah White (eds), Building Britannia: Life Experience With Britain: Dennis Bovell, Athea <mask>, Gus John, Rev. Wilfred Wood, Aggrey Burke, Yvonne Brewster, Alexis Rennie, New Beacon Books, 2009, . Christine Checinska (2009), "<mask> <mask> and the British-African Diaspora", Chapter 3 in Anne Massey, Alex Seago (eds), Pop Art and Design, Bloomsbury Publishing, pp. 73–81. Christine Checinska (March 2018), "Christine Checinska in Conversation with <mask> <mask> and John Weiss", Textile, Volume 16, Issue 2: Aesthetics of Blackness? Cloth, Culture and the African Diasporas, 16:2, 186–199.DOI: 10.1080/14759756.2018.1432183. External links "<mask> Marjorie McNISH" at Debrett's People of Today. "Dr. <mask> <mask> in conversation with John Weiss". Stuart Hall Library, InIVA, 2015. "Audio recordings of <mask> <mask> in conversation with John Weiss", InIVA, 5 May 2015. "Designer Desire: <mask> <mask>", H is for Home Harbinger, 18 August 2018. Angela Cobbinah, "Althea: the original material girl", Camden New Journal, 20 June 2019.Libby Sellers, "<mask> McNish", Maharam. 1924 births 2020 deaths 20th-century British women artists Black British artists British people of Trinidad and Tobago descent British textile designers Caribbean Artists Movement people People from Port of Spain Recipients of the Chaconia Medal Afro–Trinidadians and Tobagonians Trinidad and Tobago emigrants to the United Kingdom Trinidad and Tobago people of American descent Trinidad and Tobago women artists Trinidad and Tobago artists

William Tucker (settler)

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<mask> (c. 16 May 1784 – December 1817) was a British convict, a sealer, a trader in human heads, an Otago settler, and New Zealand’s first art dealer. <mask> is the man who stole a preserved Māori head and started the retail trade in them. A document discovered in 2003 revealed his activities had no bearing on the war in the south and shows he was the first New Zealand art dealer, initially trading in human heads and secondarily in pounamu a variety of Nephrite jade. Background and childhood offence He was baptised on 16 May 1784 at Portsea, Portsmouth, England, the son of Timothy and <mask>, people of humble rank. In 1798 <mask> and Thomas Butler shoplifted goods worth more than five shillings from a ‘Taylor’ <mask> or Wildey, and were convicted and sentenced to death. They were then reprieved and sentenced to seven years’ transportation to New South Wales. They left Portsmouth on on 20 December 1798.The voyage was one of the worst in the history of transportation. ‘Jail Fever’ (typhus) raged through the ship, which lost 95 convicts before arriving at Sydney on 26 July 1799. It is not known where <mask> was assigned. Year of escape, flight and recapture In January 1803, he and Anthony Rawson stowed away on Atlas, visiting China before reaching Deal in England on 13 December 1803. The stowaways were captured and sent under escort to Portsmouth to return to New South Wales on Experiment — many other returnees were hanged. They arrived back in Sydney on 24 June 1804. Emigration to New Zealand In March 1805, shortly after his term expired, <mask> was advertised as shipping out on Governor King for the coast of New Zealand.She was one of the ships of Lord, Kable and Underwood, a group formed by Simeon Lord, Henry Kable, and James Underwood to exploit the sealing grounds at the Antipodes Islands to the south and east of New Zealand's South Island. She probably landed men at Dusky Sound on the South Island's south west coast. <mask> was probably later at the Antipodes Islands. There were virtually no Europeans living ashore in New Zealand and Māori still lived much as they had for centuries. Maori society was tribal and based on the maintenance of honour, war being recurrent and often fought to get revenge, or 'utu', for an insult. The Māori had developed tattooing and moko to a greater extent than any other society and high born males wore full facial adornment unique to the individual. Some Māori preserved the heads of enemies and loved ones.These relics had interested the first European visitors, as had their carved jade ornaments. <mask> may have left Sydney for England in 1807 in Sydney Cove whose command was taken over by Daniel Cooper en route. If so, he would have returned to New South Wales either in her, or Unity, Cooper's next command. In April 1809, he was advertised to leave Sydney in the Pegasus. Instead, he left on Brothers, a ship chartered by Robert Campbell and probably intended for the Solander Islands in Foveaux Strait, between New Zealand's South Island and Stewart Island. In early November, he was one of eleven men landed at the ‘Isle of Wight’ and ‘Ragged Rock’ on what is now the Dunedin coast on the South Island's southeast coast. When Captain Mason returned to Port Daniel, now called Otago Harbour, on 3 May 1810, he found only <mask> and Daniel Wilson.<mask> was sent to look for the missing men first on the Isle of Wight and then to ‘Ragged Point’, apparently the headland on Stewart Island at the western entrance to Foveaux Strait. It was probably then he stole a preserved Māori head, whose owners, discovering the loss, pursued the departing sealers. When they failed to find the missing men, <mask> rejoined Brothers at Otago Harbour and returned with her to Sydney on 14 July 1810. Later that year, at Otago Harbour, a Māori chief's theft of a red shirt and knife from a man who disembarked from Sydney Cove started a rolling feud which soon took the lives of some of Brothers’ missing men and soured Māori/Pākehā relations in the south. It was called The Sealers' War, also 'The War of the Shirt’, and continued until 1823. Start of trade with Australia <mask> left Sydney again on Aurora, on 19 September 1810 for the newly discovered Macquarie Island far to the south of New Zealand. At Campbell Island in early November, the location of Macquarie was obtained by bribing one of Campbell and Co's men.Aurora landed a gang at Macquarie that would have included <mask>. She left, returned, and brought her gang back to Sydney on 19 May 1811. It was presumably shortly after this that <mask> offered the Māori head for sale, inaugurating their retail trade and earning him the condemnation of ‘Candor’ in the Sydney Gazette, which called him ‘a wild fellow’ and a 'villain'. He then spent time ashore, where, by August 1812, he was a labourer living with old shipmates in poor lodgings in Phillips Street. On 21 August he and <mask> stole a woman's fancy silk cloak, for which they were convicted in November, sentenced to a year's hard labour, and sent to Newcastle. By October–November 1814, he had left New South Wales, perhaps for Tasmania. In 1815, he returned to Otago, perhaps in Governor Bligh, and took up residence at Whareakeake, later called Murdering Beach, a little to the north of Otago Heads.There he built a house and lived for a time with a Māori woman, keeping goats and sheep. There were no children. The site has long been known for its large quantities of worked greenstone, called pounamu in Māori, a variety of Nephrite jade. This took the form of adzes worked with iron tools into pendants, or hei-tiki. Archaeologists have identified these as being produced for a European export trade. An 1819 editorial in the Sydney Gazette described the trade, saying it was carried on by ‘groupes of sealers’. It seems clear this was part of <mask>'s enterprise.Māori called him ‘Taka’ adapting his surname, also ‘Wioree’, perhaps from the diminutive of his first name ‘Willy’. More formally and inaccurately, he was also styled ‘<mask>’. Final voyage He left, went to Hobart and returned on Sophia with Captain James Kelly, bringing other European settlers, according to Māori sources. The Sophia anchored in Otago Harbour on 11 December 1817. ‘Taka’ was welcomed by Māori of the harbourside settlement, but unknown to the visitors, the chief Korako, father of Te Matenga Taiaroa, refused to ferry across Māori from the north, Whareakeake, who had come to see <mask> and receive presents. When Kelly, <mask>, and five others took a longboat to Whareakeake a few days later, they were at first welcomed. But while <mask> was absent in his house, the Māori attacked the others.Veto Viole and John Griffiths were killed, but Kelly escaped back to the longboat, as did <mask>. He lingered in the surf, calling on Māori not to hurt Wioree, but was speared and knocked down. He called ‘Captain Kelly for God’s sake don’t leave me,’ before being killed. Kelly saw him ‘cut limb from limb and carried away by the savages!’ <mask>'s killer was Riri, acting on chief Te Matahaere's orders. Taiaroa allegedly killed the others. All the dead were eaten. A Māori source gave the immediate cause as dissatisfaction at not having the first opportunity to receive <mask>'s gifts, but it was also said it was an unhappy consequence of the theft of the shirt in 1810 and its owner's savage reaction.This dramatic death was reported in Australian newspapers. Epilogue Returning to his ship in the harbour, Kelly took revenge, by his account killing some Māori, destroying canoes, and firing ‘the beautiful City of Otago’, a harbourside settlement, probably on Te Rauone beach near modern Otakou. <mask> has been remembered for stealing the head and inaugurating the controversial trade. It was banned in New South Wales in 1831, but continued anyway. Ten were sold by a single Māori vendor later in the 1830s, apparently at Otago. The theft inspired Shena Mackay's 1993 novel Dunedin reflecting his role as a minor legend. However, the Creed manuscript, written by the Reverend Charles Creed in the 1840s recording the information of two Maori informants and discovered in 2003, shows <mask> in a new light.His theft was not responsible for the war in the south; he was generally liked by Māori and welcomed as a settler. In fact, he was the first European to settle in what is now the city of Dunedin, as distinct from sojourning, jumping ship or being held as a captive. While his inauguration of the trade in heads has been condemned even by his own countrymen, since that time his fostering of the trade in tiki has revealed him as an enterprising art dealer, in fact New Zealand's first. See also List of convicts transported to Australia References Beattie, James Herries, Traditional Lifeways of the Southern Maori University of Otago Press in association with Otago Museum, Dunedin, 1994 (1995). Beattie, James Herries, 'Traditions and Legends Collected from the Natives of Murihiku (Southland, New Zealand)' in Journal of the Polynesian Society Vol. XXVII, 115, September 1920, part XII. Buck, Sir Peter, The Coming of the Maori, Whitcombe and Tombs, 1949, (1974).Clune, Frank, Bound for Botany Bay, Narrative of a Voyage in 1798 Aboard the Death Ship Hillsborough, Angus and Robertson, Sydney, 1964. De Blosseville, Jules, 'Essai sur les Moeurs et les Coutumes des habitans de la Partie Meridionale de Tavai-Poenammou', in Nouvelles Annales des Voyages, de la Geographie et de l'Histoire, Tome XXIX, M.M.J.B. Eyries et Malte-Brun, Paris, 1826, pp. 161-172. Hamel, Jill, The Archaeology of Otago, Department of Conservation, Wellington, 2001. Mackay, Shena, Dunedin, Moyer Bell, Wakefield, Rhode Island, 1993. McNab, Robert, Murihiku, Whitcombe & Tombs, Wellington, 1909.Skinner, H.D., The Maori Hei-Tiki, second edition, Otago Museum, Dunedin, 1966. 1784 births 1817 deaths Convicts transported to Australia Settlers of Otago Sealers

Jeffrey Steele

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<mask> (born August 27, 1961), known as <mask>, is an American country music singer and songwriter. Along with recording his own material, <mask> has become a prolific Nashville songwriter, having co-written more than 60 hit songs for such artists as Montgomery Gentry, Tim McGraw, Faith Hill, LeAnn Rimes, Rascal Flatts, Billy Ray Cyrus, and others. Between 1990 and 1996, <mask> was the lead singer and bass guitarist in the country music band Boy Howdy, which recorded two albums and an EP on Curb Records, in addition to charting seven singles on the Billboard country music charts. After Boy Howdy disbanded, <mask> embarked on a solo career, recording seven studio albums (one of which was not released). He also charted four singles as a solo artist, with the highest-peaking ("Somethin' in the Water") reaching No. 33 on the country charts in 2001. Biography <mask> was born in Burbank, California to a musical family.His mother was a singer, and his father had aspirations to become a country music songwriter. He first gained his own interest in music at age eight, when he sang Three Dog Night's "Joy to the World" at a church function. This rendition earned him a standing ovation, so he sang the song an additional seven times. Later, he shifted his focus to songwriting. By age 17, he was performing with local groups, and playing keyboards at various gigs on the Sunset Strip in Los Angeles. In 1987, after the death of his father, LeVasseur changed his last name to <mask> as a tribute to his father, who processed steel for a living. Boy Howdy In 1990, <mask> and three other California musicians – Hugh Wright, along with brothers Cary and Larry Park – formed the band Boy Howdy, in which he served as lead vocalist and bass guitarist.<mask> wrote a song, 'When Johnny Comes Marching Home' about the returning veterans from the Gulf war, Curb signed Boy Howdy but made them change their group name to 'New Frontier' they went to appear on 'Nashville Now' hosted by Ralph Emery who liked the band name Boy Howdy this helped convince Curb records to let them keep the Boy Howdy name. The war ended so soon that the single was never released. Boy Howdy signed to Curb Records in 1992, recording three albums and an EP for the label, in addition to charting seven singles on the country music charts. While in Boy Howdy, <mask> was named Best Bassist and Best Male Vocalist by the California Country Music Association. As the band's primary songwriter, he also earned BMI awards for co-writing their highest-charting singles, "She'd Give Anything" and "They Don't Make 'Em Like That Anymore". Solo career and success as songwriter <mask> re-located to Nashville, Tennessee in 1994, two years before Boy Howdy disbanded. In 1996, he released three solo singles, as well as a self-titled solo album which was never shipped.<mask> was eventually signed to a songwriting contract, however, and he began writing singles for other artists. Among his first hits as a songwriter were "If You Love Somebody" by Kevin Sharp, "Unbelievable" by Diamond Rio, and "Big Deal" by LeAnn Rimes, all three of which earned him additional BMI awards. He also sang backing vocals on Sharp's first two albums. In 2001, <mask> was signed to his second solo recording contract, this time with Monument Records. His solo debut album, Somethin' in the Water, was issued late that year. In addition to producing the album, <mask> wrote or co-wrote every song on it. The album's title cut reached a peak of No.33 on the Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart, becoming <mask>'s only Top 40 hit as a solo artist. Meanwhile, he continued to write songs for other artists, with Faith Hill, Tim McGraw, Trace Adkins, and Montgomery Gentry all recording songs he had co-written. <mask> earned his first Number One song with Tim McGraw's "The Cowboy in Me" in 2002. In addition, Rascal Flatts reached Number One on the country charts in late 2002 with "These Days", their first Number One single. <mask> also continued to record studio albums even while writing hits for other artists; his albums Gold, Platinum, Chrome and Steele and You Gotta Start Somewhere were both released in 2003, the same year that he was named Songwriter of the Year by both BMI and the Nashville Songwriters Association International (NSAI). 2004 saw the release of his fourth studio album, Outlaw, on the Lofton Creek Records label. By 2005, more than sixty of his songs had become chart hits for other artists; that same year, he received a second Songwriter of the Year award from the NSAI.His most successful single as a songwriter is "What Hurts the Most", co-written with English songwriter Steve Robson. The song was a Number One single on both the Hot Country Songs and Hot Adult Contemporary Tracks charts for Rascal Flatts in 2006, and was also a chart single for Cascada in 2007. Another one of <mask>'s compositions, Steve Holy's Number One single "Brand New Girlfriend", earned him yet another BMI award in 2006, as well as the Rascal Flatts hit "My Wish" just as <mask> released his album, Hell on Wheels. "What Hurts the Most" would later earn him the Songwriter of the Year and Song of the Year awards from BMI, as well as the Songwriter of the Year award from MusicRow magazine. <mask> has since released two other albums, his second greatest hits record "Gold, Platinum, No Chrome, and More Steele" was released in 2007 and his country classics tribute album "Countrypolitan" which was released in 2008. <mask> also produced Keith Anderson's two studio albums: 2005's Three Chord Country and American Rock & Roll and 2008's C'mon!, as well as Montgomery Gentry's 2004 album You Do Your Thing and 2006 album Some People Change In 2016 "Chasing Down a Good Time" <mask> co-wrote with Anthony Smith by Randy Houser. In April 2008, <mask> joined Jewel and John Rich of Big & Rich as judges on the talent show Nashville Star.<mask> has also guest hosted for Bob Kingsley twice on the radio show Bob Kingsley's Country Top 40, a weekly radio countdown show based on the Mediabase country charts: for the weeks of September 13–14, 2008 and October 3–4, 2009. In September 2008, The Country Music Hall of Fame honored <mask> as a Poet & Prophet in the Hall of Fame's quarterly series. In 1996, he was nominated for Best Country Instrumental Performance at the Grammy Awards. In 2006, he was nominated for Best Country Song at the Grammy Awards. In 2014, he was nominated for Best Country Song at the Grammy Awards. <mask> signed a deal with Best Buy to release 3 of his albums November 18, 2008: "Hell On Wheels", "Gold, Platinum, No Chrome, and More Steele: Greatest Hits Vol. II", and "Countrypolitan" <mask> also co-wrote the song "I Thought I Lost You" with Miley Cyrus for the 2008 Disney animated film Bolt, which Cyrus sings as a duet with John Travolta.Discography Albums Singles Notes A^ "My Greatest Love" peaked at number 90 on the RPM Country Tracks chart in Canada. Music videos Songs written by <mask> References External links Official site Radio Interview with <mask> 1961 births American country bass guitarists American country singer-songwriters Living people Musicians from Burbank, California Monument Records artists Lofton Creek Records artists Singer-songwriters from California Guitarists from California American male bass guitarists 20th-century American bass guitarists Country musicians from California 20th-century American male musicians American male singer-songwriters

Reinhold Kubik

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<mask> (born 22 March 1942, Vienna) is an Austrian musicologist, pianist and conductor. Biography From 1966 to 1974, Kubik worked as a repetiteur, coach, and Kapellmeister at the Deutsche Oper am Rhein in Düsseldorf and Duisburg. From 1974 to 1980, Kubik did research for a PhD on Handel's Rinaldo at Erlangen. He has also been a pianist, composer, choir director and lecturer. <mask> was editor-in-chief of Hänssler Verlag and has worked at Universal Edition Wien. He taught at the University of Music and Performing Arts Vienna, in Nuremberg, Karlsruhe, London, and at Yale University. Kubik is married to the Baroque scholar, singer and dance pedagogue Margit Legler.Legler and <mask> have jointly written about and presented productions related to Baroque music, dance, and theatre. IGMG tenure From 1993 to 2012, <mask> was editor-in-chief of the Critical Complete Edition of the Works of Gustav Mahler and vice president of the Internationale Gustav Mahler Gesellschaft (IGMG; International Gustav Mahler Society). Several controversial episodes ensued over editions of Mahler's Symphony No. 1 and Symphony No. 6 issued during his tenure. Symphony No. 1 In the IGMG edition of the Symphony No.1 edited by Sander Wilkens (1992, revised 1995), Wilkens had stated that the 3rd-movement double bass solo was instead meant for the full unison double bass section of the orchestra to perform, rather than by a solo double bass player, in contraindication to past published manuscripts and performance traditions. This statement occasioned criticism for Wilkens' inaccurate reading of the manuscripts, to the point where <mask> later repudiated Wilkens' misreading of the double bass solo: "However, assigning the new edition of the First Symphony to Sander Wilkens unfortunately proved to be a mistake. His confused arguments in support of the claim that the famous double bass solo at the beginning of the third movement was a solo for the whole group rather than for a single player contradicted the sources and surviving reports of performances under Mahler’s direction, and exposed the Critical Edition to ridicule from all Mahler researchers" Symphony No. 6 With respect to the Symphony No. 6, Kubik presided over the 2010 edition published by the IGMG, which featured the inner movements in the order Andante-Scherzo. Kubik had earlier declared in print in 2004: "As the current Chief Editor of the Complete Critical Edition, I declare the official position of the institution I represent is that the correct order of the middle movements of Mahler's Sixth Symphony is Andante-Scherzo." This statement has received criticism for multiple reasons, which include: (a) its blanket dismissal of the original score with the Scherzo/Andante order, (b) its expression of a personal preference without documentary evidence and based on subjective animus related to the Alma Problem, (c) for imposing an advance bias instead of presenting objectively, without preconceived bias, the two options of Scherzo/Andante and Andante/Scherzo.Mahler scholar and biographer Henry-Louis de la Grange has written about <mask>'s judgment: "The fact that the initial order had the composer's stamp of approval for two whole years prior to the premiere argues for further performances in that form... It is far more likely ten years after Mahler's death and with a much clearer perspective on his life and career, Alma would have sought to be faithful to his artistic intentions. Thus, her telegram of 1919 still remains a strong argument today in favour of Mahler's original order...it is stretching the bounds of both language and reason to describe [Andante-Scherzo] as the "only correct" one. Mahler's Sixth Symphony, like many other compositions in the repertory, will always remain a "dual-version" work, but few of the others have attracted quite as much controversy." Music writer David Hurwitz has likewise written on Kubik's subjective bias towards a single choice, instead of granting performers latitude to make their own choice without advance bias: "...the responsible thing to do in revisiting the need for a new Critical Edition would be to set out all of the arguments on each side, and then take no position. Let the performers decide, and admit frankly that if the criterion for making a decision regarding the correct order of the inner movements must be what Mahler himself ultimately wanted, then no final answer is possible. This is the only honest approach, and it would be no different than what many of the better Critical Editions do — consider for example Philip Gossett’s editions of Rossini and Verdi operas, which attempt to present all significant, legitimate variant readings to the performer as long as they originate with the composer (or have his express sanction)... "The danger in making the sort of dubious claims to definitiveness that we find in the current edition lies not just in the fact that to do so is simply bad scholarship; it also fails to take into account the practical reality that many busy performers today likely will accept these specious arguments without qualms."It falls to a Critical Edition, then, to encourage interpreters to come to a work without preconceptions, and to offer a clean text alongside a fair assessment of the various interpretive options that the composer left open to posterity." Hurwitz also notes <mask>'s dismissal of the existence of the original version in the pronouncement: "...scholars rightly often give particular weight to a composer’s original conception, especially if it can be shown that later alterations resulted from extraneous or non‐musical considerations and circumstances. This is arguably the case here. It explains why <mask>’s preface contains repeated, and to be frank strikingly defensive, assertions concerning the definitiveness of Mahler’s intentions in placing the Andante second. 'Mahler never played the symphony any other way,' they remind us, over and over, as if the sheer weight of irrelevant historical detail that they have accumulated concerning the three performances that Mahler actually conducted will enhance its value and make us forget the simple truth regarding the work's actual performance history. Accordingly, not a word of the rhetorical smokescreen that Kubik works so hard to erect makes the slightest impact on the fact that there are very strong reasons for preferring Mahler's original movement order on purely formal grounds. Accordingly, it pays to consider the issue from this perspective as well, even if <mask> and his team will not because it's an argument they cannot win (and they probably know it)."Publications Helmut Brenner, <mask> <mask>: Mahlers Menschen. Freunde und Weggefährten. Residenz-Verlag, St. Pölten/Salzburg/Wien 2014, . Händels Rinaldo. Geschichte, Werk, Wirkung. Hänssler, Neuhausen-Stuttgart 1982, . References External links <mask> <mask> beim Residenz Verlag Bach Cantatas biography page on <mask> <mask> 1942 births Living people Musicians from Vienna Austrian musicologists 20th-century musicologists 21st-century musicologists

Taika Waititi

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<mask> (born 16 August 1975), known professionally as <mask> , is a New Zealand filmmaker, actor, and comedian. He is a recipient of an Academy Award, a BAFTA Award, and a Grammy Award, and has received two nominations at the Primetime Emmy Awards. His feature films Boy (2010) and Hunt for the Wilderpeople (2016) have each been the top-grossing New Zealand film. <mask>'s 2003 short film Two Cars, One Night earned him an Academy Award nomination for Best Live Action Short Film. He co-wrote, co-directed and starred in the horror comedy film What We Do in the Shadows (2014) with Jemaine Clement, which was adapted into a television series of the same name (2019–present). The series has been nominated for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Comedy Series. His most recent directing credits include the superhero film Thor: Ragnarok (2017) and the black comedy film Jojo Rabbit (2019), the latter of which he also wrote and starred in as an imaginary version of Adolf Hitler.Jojo Rabbit received six Academy Award nominations and won for Best Adapted Screenplay. Waititi also earned a Grammy Award for producing the film's soundtrack. In addition to directing an episode of the television series The Mandalorian (2019–present), he also voices the character IG-11, for which he was nominated for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Character Voice-Over Performance. Early life <mask> David Cohen was born on 16 August 1975 in Raukokore in the Bay of Plenty region of New Zealand's North Island, and grew up in both the East Coast and the Aro Valley of Wellington. His father was an artist of Te Whānau-ā-Apanui descent, whilst his mother, Robin Cohen, is a schoolteacher. Waititi stated that his mother's family were Russian Jews "mixed with a bit of Irish" and other European ancestry, while his father's side was "Māori and a little bit of French Canadian". Waititi describes himself as a "Polynesian Jew", although he has stated that he never grew up in an "actively practising Jewish household".Waititi's parents split up when he was around five, and he was raised primarily by his mother. He attended Onslow College, then studied theatre at Victoria University of Wellington where he graduated with a Bachelor of Arts in 1997. He originally used his mother's surname, Cohen, for his work in film and writing, and his father's, Waititi, for visual arts endeavours. Following the success of his first short film, he continued to use Waititi professionally. Career Early career While a student at Victoria University, Waititi was part of the five-member ensemble So You're a Man, which toured New Zealand and Australia with some success. He was half of the comedy duo The Humourbeasts alongside Jemaine Clement, which received New Zealand's highest comedy accolade, the Billy T Award, in 1999. Among a variety of artistic interests, Waititi began making comical short films for New Zealand's annual 48-hour film contest.His short film Two Cars, One Night (2003) earned him an Academy Award nomination in 2005. At the awards ceremony, he famously feigned falling asleep as the nominations were being read. His first feature film, a romantic comedy called Eagle vs Shark, was released in U.S. theatres for limited distribution in 2007. It stars Waititi's then-real-life partner, Loren Horsley. That year, <mask> wrote and directed one episode of the TV show Flight of the Conchords and directed another. His second feature, Boy, premiered at the Sundance Film Festival in January 2010, and was nominated for the Grand Jury Prize. <mask> also took one of the main roles, as the ex-con father who returns to his family.On its release in New Zealand, Boy received enthusiastic reviews and was successful at the local box office, eclipsing several records. Following the film's success, Waititi hoped its signature track, "Poi E", would get to #1 (for the second time) on the New Zealand charts. It reached #3, but became #1 on iTunes. In 2011, Waititi directed New Zealand TV series Super City starring Madeleine Sami, who plays five characters living in one city. That year, Waititi portrayed Thomas Kalmaku in the superhero film Green Lantern. 2013–2019: Recognition In 2013, <mask> co-wrote, co-directed and acted in the vampire comedy mockumentary What We Do in the Shadows with Clement. It premiered at the Sundance Film Festival in January 2014.<mask> and Clement played members of a group of vampires who live in an appropriately gothic house in modern-day Wellington. A television adaptation of the film was commissioned in May 2018, with Waititi as an executive producer and director. The series of the same name premiered on FX in March 2019; its second season received a Primetime Emmy Award nomination for Outstanding Comedy Series. Waititi's fourth feature, Hunt for the Wilderpeople, premiered at the 2016 Sundance Film Festival. When it was released in New Zealand, the comedy adventure broke Waititi's own record for a New Zealand film in its opening weekend. Based on a book by Barry Crump, it centres on a young boy (played by Julian Dennison) and a grumpy man (played by Sam Neill) on the run in the forest. Waititi wrote the initial screenplay for the 2016 Disney film Moana, which focused on gender and family.Those elements were passed over in favour of what became the final story. In 2017, <mask> won the award for New Zealander of the Year, but was unable to receive it in person due to work commitments. That year, he directed his first major studio film, Marvel Studios's Thor: Ragnarok, which was released in October. He also portrayed Korg, a Kronan, via motion capture in the film. He had previously directed a short film series for Marvel called Team Thor, chronicling the lives of Thor and his roommate, Darryl Jacobson. Thor: Ragnarok earned critical praise and was successful at the box office. <mask> was later consulted by Christopher Markus and Stephen McFeely on Thor's storylines for Avengers: Infinity War, to maintain the character's consistency in the Marvel Cinematic Universe.In 2019, Waititi wrote and directed Jojo Rabbit, based on the book Caging Skies by Christine Leunens, the 1940s-set story of a child in the Hitler Youth whose mother is secretly hiding a Jewish girl in their home. <mask> plays Adolf Hitler as the boy's imaginary friend. Waititi received Academy Award nominations for Best Picture and Best Adapted Screenplay. He won the latter, making him the first person of Māori descent to win an Academy Award in a screenplay category, and the first indigenous person to be nominated for and win Best Adapted Screenplay. In 2021 he won the Grammy Award for Best Compilation Soundtrack for Visual Media as a producer of the Jojo Rabbit soundtrack. In October 2018, Lucasfilm announced that <mask> would be one of the directors of the Star Wars live-action streaming series The Mandalorian, which tells the story of a lone Mandalorian gunfighter in the period between the events of Return of the Jedi and The Force Awakens. The series premiered on 12 November 2019; Waititi also voices a droid bounty hunter named IG-11 in the series.He directed the series' first-season finale, "Chapter 8: Redemption". His voiceover work earned him a Primetime Emmy Award nomination for Outstanding Character Voice-Over Performance in 2020. 2020–present: Recent career In 2020, Waititi narrated a charity reading of James and the Giant Peach by Roald Dahl. He portrayed Ratcatcher in the DC superhero film The Suicide Squad, released in August 2021 to positive reviews. Also in August, Waititi portrayed Antwan Hovachelik, the antagonist of the action comedy film Free Guy. Waititi co-created the comedy series Reservation Dogs, which chronicles the lives of a group of indigenous Oklahoma teens, and comprises a main cast, directors, producers, and writers of indigenous peoples. It premiered on FX to positive reviews.<mask> is executive producing and starring as Blackbeard in the HBO Max comedy series Our Flag Means Death. It is scheduled to release in March 2022. He wrote and directed the superhero film Thor: Love and Thunder, a sequel to Thor: Ragnarok. Principal photography finished in June 2021; it is scheduled for a July 2022 release. <mask> is set to direct a feature film adaptation of the documentary Next Goal Wins and a live-action film adaptation of Akira. He is slated to co-write a sequel to What We Do in the Shadows, titled We're Wolves, and direct and co-write a live-action Star Wars film. <mask> is attached to write, direct and executive produce two animated series for Netflix based on Roald Dahl's children's novel Charlie and the Chocolate Factory and its sequel, one adapting the novels and the other focused on the novel's Oompa Loompa characters.He is set to executive produce and direct the Showtime limited series The Auteur. He is slated to write and direct a film based on Flash Gordon for 20th Century Studios. In November 2021, it was announced that Waititi would adapt The Incal into a feature film. Personal life <mask> married New Zealand film producer Chelsea Winstanley in 2011. They have two daughters. He and Winstanley separated in 2018. Since 2021, Waititi has been in a relationship with British singer Rita Ora.Waititi incorporates his Māori heritage into his projects, such as by including "Indigenous attachments" and conducting a Welcome to Country ceremony during the start of filming. He is an executive producer of the New Zealand films The Breaker Upperers (2018), Baby Done (2020), and Night Raiders (2021), all directed by Māori or indigenous filmmakers. Filmography Feature film Executive producer The Breaker Upperers (2018) Baby Done (2020) Night Raiders (2021) Short films Acting roles Other works Television Acting roles Music videos "Ladies of the World", Flight of the Conchords (2007) "Mutha'uckas", Flight of the Conchords (2007) "Leggy Blonde", Flight of the Conchords (2007) "Shanks’ Pony", Age Pryor (2007) "Bright Grey", The Phoenix Foundation (2007) "My Imminent Demise", Luke Buda (2008) "40 Years", The Phoenix Foundation (2009) "World Gone Sour (The Lost Kids)", Method Man (2011) “My Sweet Lord”, George Harrison (2021) Commercials <mask> has also been a prolific commercial director. He directed Air New Zealand's "The Most Epic Safety Video Ever Made" featuring Peter Jackson and Elijah Wood as they go through where The Lord of the Rings films were shot. The commercial went viral amassing over 19 million views on YouTube. <mask> directed Tesco's "Borg," which features a comical Thor-esque character shopping in the supermarket; he went on to direct Marvel Studios' Thor: Ragnarok years later. "Friends Reunited", Friends Reunited (2008) "Moussaka Rap", Pot Noodle (2008) "I Wish (That Girls Were More Like Pot Noodles)", Pot Noodle (2008) "Back with no Appetite", Pot Noodle (2008) "World Gone Sour (The Lost Kids)", Sour Patch Kids (2011) "Simply The Best", Cadbury Dairy Milk (2011) "Gold", Wispa (2011) "Superbowl Brotherhood of Man", NBC (2012) "Pure", Steinlager (2012) "New Girl", Old Navy (2012) "Why Choose?", Old Navy (2012) "Bee Bots! In 2005, Waititi received a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Live Action Short Film for the short film Two Cars, One Night (2004). In 2019, he released the comedy-drama film Jojo Rabbit, which was met with critical acclaim and earned him the Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay, the BAFTA Award for Best Adapted Screenplay, and nominations for the Academy Award for Best Picture, the Golden Globe Award for Best Musical or Comedy Film and the Directors Guild of America Award for Outstanding Directing in a Feature Film. For the soundtrack of the film, he won the Grammy Award for Best Compilation Soundtrack for Visual Media. Since 2019, he has written and produced the television series What We Do in the Shadows, based on the 2014 film of the same name, for which he was nominated for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Comedy Series and the Writers Guild of America Award for Best New Series. In the 2020 Queen's Birthday Honours, Waititi was appointed an Officer of the New Zealand Order of Merit, for services to film. References External links 1975 births 21st-century New Zealand writers 21st-century New Zealand male actors 21st-century screenwriters Audiobook narrators Best Adapted Screenplay Academy Award winners Best Adapted Screenplay BAFTA Award winners Best Screenplay AACTA International Award winners English-language film directors Fantasy film directors Grammy Award winners Horror film directors Indigenous filmmakers in New Zealand Jewish film people Jewish writers Living people Male motion capture actors New Zealand comedians New Zealand film directors New Zealand Jews New Zealand male comedians New Zealand male Māori actors New Zealand male voice actors New Zealand people of Canadian descent New Zealand people of French descent New Zealand people of Irish descent New Zealand people of Russian-Jewish descent New Zealand screenwriters Male screenwriters Officers of the New Zealand Order of Merit People educated at Onslow College People from the Bay of Plenty Region Science fiction fans Science fiction film directors Te Whānau-ā-Apanui Victoria University of Wellington alumni

Rodica Ojog-Brașoveanu

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<mask> (28 August 1939 – 2 December 2002) was a Romanian writer. She was dubbed the "Agatha Christie of Romania", her works consisting mainly of detective novels and short stories. Biography Daughter of Ana and Victor Ojog, Rodica Ojog-Brașoveanu was born into a family of wealthy intellectuals. Her mother was a teacher, while her father was a lawyer and member of the Liberal Party. Enrolled at the age of six at the "Le Maison du Français" school, Ojog-Brașoveanu revealed a taste and remarkable talent for the French language, to which she will remain deeply attached for the rest of her life. She started her secondary education in 1948 at the "Domnița Ileana" High School (now known as the Mihai Eminescu National College), and upon graduating went on to study Law at the University of Bucharest. However, in 1956, she was expelled and arrested on a political basis, accused of supporting the anti-communist revolt in Budapest.She would only be readmitted in 1962, following a year of unqualified work in a factory. In 1963, she married actor Cosma Brașoveanu and resumed her Law studies, this time in Iași, which she finally finished in 1967, at the University of Bucharest. From 1968, she began working as a lawyer. Ojog-Brașoveanu died in 2002, as a result of severe lung problems. Works Her novels After her debut in 1969 with a television scenario, Ojog-Brașoveanu started writing on her husband's demands. Her first detective novel, Moartea semnează indescifrabil (Death Has an Indecipherable Signature), was published in 1971 at the Albatros Publishing House. Following the success of this novel, Ojog-Brașoveanu decided to quit her job as a lawyer and dedicate herself completely to writing.Her works are much appreciated for their humor, irony and atypical characters, and in particular, her fine and amusing descriptions of the Romanian society (regardless of the time of action), as well as the alert pace of her narrative. None of her novels have been translated into other languages. Famous characters Ojog-Brașoveanu's most well-known character is undoubtedly Melania Lupu, a mischievous old lady, half-detective half-criminal, to whom the author gives an unusual confidant – her cat, Mirciulică. Her other well-known character is Minerva Tutovan, a former math teacher turned commissioner, particularly rigorous in her investigations and with a remarkable talent for disguises. She has her dog Spiridon as a companion, but works especially with the young inspector Dobrescu, who is also one of her former students. Influences Ojog-Brașoveanu's favourite authors include Edgard Wallace, Georges Simenon, Karl May, and among Romanian ones, Theodor Constantin and Haralamb Zinca. Critics dubbed her the "Agatha Christie of Romania", with the British novelist being one of her most obvious sources of inspiration for her books.In addition, like the British author, Ojog-Brasoveanu was able to live on just her writings throughout her life, her novels selling in tremendous numbers. (Good evening, Melania!)

Billy Childish

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<mask> (born Steven John Hamper, 1 December 1959) is an English painter, author, poet, photographer, film maker, singer and guitarist. Since the late 1970s, <mask> has been prolific in creating music, writing and visual art. He has led and played in bands including the Pop Rivets, Thee Milkshakes, Thee Headcoats, and the Musicians of the British Empire, primarily working in the genres of garage rock, punk and surf and releasing more than 100 albums. He is a consistent advocate for amateurism and free emotional expression. <mask> co-founded the Stuckism art movement with Charles Thomson in 1999, which he left in 2001. Since then a new evaluation of <mask>'s standing in the art world has been under way, culminating with the publication of a critical study of <mask>'s working practice by the artist and writer Neal Brown, with an introduction by Peter Doig, which describes <mask> as "one of the most outstanding, and often misunderstood, figures on the British art scene". He is a visiting lecturer at Rochester Independent College.In July 2014 <mask> was awarded an honorary Doctor of Arts Degree from the University of Kent. He is known for his explicit and prolific work – he has detailed his love life and childhood sexual abuse, notably in his early poetry and the novels My Fault (1996), Notebooks of a Naked Youth (1997), Sex Crimes of the Futcher (2004) – The Idiocy of Idears (2007), and in several of his songs, notably in the instrumental "Paedophile" (1992) (featuring a photograph of the man who sexually abused him on the front cover) and "Every Bit of Me" (1993). From 1981 until 1985 <mask> had a relationship with artist Tracey Emin. Thirty years after <mask>'s first musical releases with Thee Milkshakes and Thee Mighty Caesars, a crop of lo-fi, surf rock and punk groups with psychedelic subtexts has surfaced referencing the aesthetic established by <mask> in both their band names and in various aspects of their sonic aesthetic: Thee Oh Sees, Thee Open Sex, Thee Tsunamis, Thee Dang Dangs and many others. Background <mask> was born, lives and works in Chatham, Kent, England. He has described his father, John Hamper, as a "complex, sociopathic narcissist": Hamper was jailed during <mask>'s teenage years for drug smuggling. Although he had an early and close association with many of the artists who became known as "YBA" artists he has resolutely asserted his independent status.He was sexually abused when he was aged nine by a male family friend: "We were on holiday. I had to share a bed with him. It happened for several nights, then I refused to go near him. I didn't tell anyone". He left secondary school at 16, an undiagnosed dyslexic. Refused an interview at the local art college, he entered Chatham Dockyard, Kent, as an apprentice stonemason. During the next six months (the artist’s only prolonged period of conventional employment), he produced some 600 drawings in "the tea huts of hell".On the basis of this work he was accepted into Saint Martin's School of Art, where he was friends with the artist Peter Doig, to study painting. However, his acceptance was short-lived and he was expelled in 1982 before completing the course. He then lived on the dole for 15 years. In 2006 <mask> turned down the offer to appear on Channel 4's Celebrity Big Brother. <mask> has practised yoga and meditation since the early 1990s. Painting As a prospective student lacking the necessary entry qualifications, <mask> was accepted into art school four times on the strength of his paintings and drawings. He did a foundation year at Medway College of Design (now the University for the Creative Arts) in 1977–78, and was then accepted onto the painting department of Saint Martin's School of Art in 1978, before quitting a month later.He was re-accepted at St Martins in 1980, but was expelled in 1982 for refusing to paint in the art school and other unruly behaviour. At Saint Martin's, <mask> became friends with Peter Doig with whom he shared an appreciation of Munch, Van Gogh and blues music. Doig later co-curated <mask>'s first London show at the Cubit Street Gallery. In the early/mid 1980s <mask> was a "major influence" on the artist Tracey Emin, whom he met after his expulsion from Saint Martin's when she was a fashion student at Medway College of Design. <mask> has been cited as the influence for Emin's later confessional art. <mask> has exhibited extensively since the 1980s, and was featured in the British Art Show in 2000. In 2010, a major exhibition of <mask>'s paintings, writing and music was held at The ICA London, with a concurrent painting show running at White Columns Gallery in New York.In October 2012, alongside Art Below, <mask> presented his work at the exhibition 'Art Below Regents Park' in Regent's Park Tube station to coincide with Frieze Art Fair, one of the most important international contemporary art fairs that takes place each October in London. The British Art Resistance In 2008 <mask> formed the "non organisation" The British Art Resistance, and held an exhibition under the title Hero of The British Art Resistance at The Aquarium L-13 gallery in London: A collection of paintings, books, records, pamphlets, poems, prints, letters, film, photographs made in 2008. Music Childish made records of punk, garage, rock and roll, blues, folk, classical/experimental, spoken word and nursery rhymes. In a letter to <mask>, the musician Ivor Cutler said of Childish: "You are perhaps too subtle and sophisticated for the mass market." <mask>'s groups include TV21, later known as the Pop Rivets (1977–1980), sometimes spelled the Pop Rivits, with Bruce Brand, Romas Foord (replaced by Russell 'Big Russ' Wilkins) and Russell 'Little Russ' Lax. He later formed a garage rock inspired band called Thee Milkshakes (1980–1984) with Mickey Hampshire, Thee Mighty Caesars (1985–1989), The Delmonas then Thee Headcoats (1989–1999). In 2000 he formed Wild Billy Childish & The Friends of the Buff Medways Fanciers Association (2000–2006), named after a type of poultry bred in his home town.The Buff Medways, or The Buffs, as they were sometimes affectionately known, split in 2006, and Wild Billy <mask> & the Musicians of the British Empire were born, recording a song about one of <mask>'s heroes George Mallory titled "Bottomless Pit." In early 2007, <mask> formed The Vermin Poets with former Fire Dept singer and guitarist Neil Palmer and A-Lines guitarist and singer Julie Hamper, his wife. Thee Headcoats began their monthly residency at the Wild Western Room in the St John's Tavern, north London, in the early 1990s, and continued after moving to the Dirty Water Club in 1996. The Musicians of the British Empire (MBEs) played at the venue more or less once a month until February 2011. On 11 September 2009, Damaged Goods Records – <mask>'s current label – issued a message to subscribers stating that <mask>'s wife Julie (aka Nurse Julie, bassist in the MBEs) was pregnant. <mask> has since been recording as bass player with The Spartan Dreggs, with Neil Palmer on vocals and guitar and Wolf Howard on drums. From 2013 the MBEs reunited under the name Wild Billy Childish [or 'Chyldish'] and CTMF and as of the end of 2014 have released three albums.In 2014 <mask> produced, played on and co-wrote (with Dave Tattersall) most of the songs on The Wave Pictures' album Great Big Flamingo Burning Moon. <mask> has been namechecked by a number of famous musicians including Kurt Cobain, Graham Coxon, The White Stripes (Jack White had <mask>'s name written in large letters on his arm for an early Top of the Pops appearance) and Kylie Minogue who named the LP Impossible Princess after his book . Poetry <mask> is a confessional poet and has published over 40 collections of his work. In 1979, <mask> was a founder member of The Medway Poets, a poetry performance group, who read at the Kent Literature Festival and the 1981 international Cambridge Poetry Festival. There were, however, personality clashes in the group, particularly between <mask> and Charles Thomson, who said: "There was friction between us, especially when he started heckling my poetry reading and I threatened to ban him from a forthcoming TV documentary." However, a Television South documentary on the group in 1982 brought them to a wider regional audience, though <mask>'s poetry was "deemed unbroadcastable". According to <mask>: "Me & Charles were at war from 1979 until 1999.He even threatened having bouncers on the doors of Medway Poets' readings to keep me out". Childish has twice won commendations in the National Poetry Prize. Hangman Books In 1981–82 Childish formed Hangman Books, publishing poetry and some fiction. (Associated projects are Hangman Films and Hangman Records.) Hangman Books has published poetry books and pamphlets by <mask>, Tracey Emin, Bill Lewis, Vic Templer, Joe Corkwell, Sexton Ming, Philip Absolon, Chris Broderick, Mark Lowe, Neil Sparks, Louis-Ferdinand Celine, Dan Melchior, Dan Belton, Alfie Howard, Simon Robson, Steve Prince, Joe Machine, Wolf Howard and Amanda Collier, among others. Between 1982 and 1987 the daily running of the press was carried out by Traci Emin (later Tracey Emin). From 1988 to 1999 it was managed by Kyra De Coninck (one of Thee Headcoatees band).Since 2000 Julie Hamper, <mask>'s wife, has been overseeing it. From 1986 Hangman Records, also run by <mask>, released more than 50 LP records, including spoken word, experimental works and punk rock. Many local Medway groups and artists had their first releases on Hangman. Hangman Books and Hangman Records are both independent, non-profit-making and do not receive outside funding. Tracey Emin During the 1980s, <mask> was an influence on the artist Tracey Emin, whom he met in 1982, after his expulsion from the painting department at Saint Martin's School of Art. Emin was a fashion student at Medway College of Design. Emin and <mask> were a couple until 1987, Emin selling

Billy Childish

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his poetry books for his small press Hangman Books.In 1995 she was interviewed in the Minky Manky show catalogue by Carl Freedman, who asked her, "Which person do you think has had the greatest influence on your life?" She replied: Uhmm... It's not a person really. It was more a time, going to Maidstone College of Art, hanging around with <mask>, living by the River Medway. Emin's work Everyone I Have Ever Slept With 1963–1995 (1995) was first exhibited in the show, and <mask>'s name was displayed prominently in it. The Stuckists In 1999 <mask> and Thomson co-founded the Stuckist art movement. Thomson coined the group name from <mask>'s "Poem for a Pissed Off Wife" (Big Hart and Balls 1994), where he had recorded Emin's remark to him: "Your paintings are stuck, you are stuck!– Stuck! Stuck! Stuck!" The group was strongly pro-figurative painting and anti-conceptual art. <mask> wrote a number of manifestos with Thomson, the first of which contained the statement: "Artists who don't paint aren't artists." The Stuckists soon achieved considerable press coverage, fuelled by Emin's nomination for the Turner Prize. They then announced the inauguration of a cultural period of Remodernism to bring back spiritual values into art, culture and society.The formation of The Stuckists directly led to Emin severing her 14-year friendship with <mask> in 1999. <mask> has said: "The Stuckist art group was formed in 1999 at the instigation of Charles Thomson, the title of the group being taken from a poem of mine written and published in 1994. I disagreed with the way Charles presented the group, particularly in the media. For these reasons I left the Stuckists in 2001. I never attended any Stuckist demonstrations and my work was not shown in the large Stuckist exhibition held in the Walker Art Gallery in 2004." British artist Stella Vine, who was a member of the Stuckists for a short time in 2001, first joined the group having developed a "crush" on <mask> while attending his music events. In June 2000, Vine went to a talk given by <mask> and fellow Stuckist co-founder Charles Thomson on Stuckism and Remodernism, promoted by the Institute of Ideas at the Salon des Arts, Kensington.Vine formed The Unstuckists one month after joining, and has since said she did not agree with Stuckism's principles, and described them as bullies. Conceptual art As a young man, <mask> was highly influenced by Dada, and the work of Kurt Schwitters in particular. <mask> has a Kurt Schwitters poem tattooed on his left buttock and made a short film on Schwitters's life, titled The Man with Wheels, (1980, directed by Eugean Doyan). In his poetry, <mask> mentions that he once had a bank account under the name of Kurt Schwitters. As to what is now termed conceptual art, <mask> has said "I respect the right of detractors and champions alike as we live in a democracy." The Chatham Super 8 Cinema In 2002, along with Wolf Howard, Simon Williams and Julie Hamper, <mask> formed The Chatham Super 8 Cinema. The group makes super 8 films on a second-hand camera Wolf Howard bought at a local flea market.In 2004, <mask> released a 30-minute documentary titled Brass Monkey, about a march undertaken in Great War uniform commemorating the 90th anniversary of the British retreat from Mons in 1914. Discography Solo LPs I've Got Everything Indeed (1987) The 1982 Cassettes (1988) "i remember..." (1988) 50 Albums Great (1991) Torments Nest (1993) Made With a Passion – Kitchen Demo's (1996) Compilations I Am the <mask>ish (1991) Der Henkermann – Kitchen Recordings (1992) Native American Sampler – A History 1983–1993 (1993) Crimes Against Music-Blues Recordings 1986–1999 (1999) 25 Years of Being Childish (2002) My First Billy Childish Album (2006) Archive From 1959 – The <mask> Story (2009) Punk Rock Ist Nicht Tot – 1977–2018 (2019) Spoken word albums Poems of Laughter and Violence (1988) The Sudden Fart of Laughter (1992) Trembling of Life (1993) Hunger at the Moon (1993) Poems of a Backwater Visionary (2007) Collaborations Laughing Gravy (1987) Wild Billy Childish & Big Russ Wilkins Long Legged Baby (1989) Wild Billy Childish & the Natural Born Lovers At the Bridge (1993) <mask> with The Singing Loins Devil in the Flesh (1998) <mask>/Dan Melchior In Blood (1999) <mask> & Holly Golightly with Sexton Ming Which Dead Donkey Daddy? (1987) Plump Prizes & Little Gems (1987) YPRES 1917 Overture (Verdun Ossuary) (1988) The Cheeky Cheese (1999) Here Come the Fleece Geese (2002) Muscle Horse Was in the War (2002) Dung Beetle Rolls Again (2012) with The Pop Rivets (1979) Greatest Hits (1979) Empty Sounds from Anarchy Ranch (1985) Fun in the U.K (Compilation) (1990) Live in Germany '79 (Live) (1997) Chathams Burning – Live 77 & 78 Demo's (Compilation) with Thee Milkshakes LPs (1981) Talking 'Bout... Milkshakes (1982) Fourteen Rhythm and Beat Greats (1983) After School Sessions (1983) The Milkshakes IV – The Men with Golden Guitars (1984) Thee Milkshakes vs. The Prisoners (1984) 20 Rock & Roll Hits of the 50s & 60s (1984) Nothing Can Stop These Men (1984) They Came They Saw They Conquered (1984) Thee Knights of Trashe (1987) Thee Milkshakes Revenge – The Legendary Missing 9th Album (1992) Still Talking 'Bout... Milkshakes! Compilations (1984) Showcase (1990) 19th Nervous Shakedown with Thee Mighty Caesars LPs (1985) Thee Mighty Caesars (1985) Beware the Ides of the March (1986) Thee Caesars of Trash (1987) Acropolis Now (1987) Wiseblood (1987) Live in Rome [studio recordings with overdubbed 'live' effects] (1987) Don’t Give Any Dinner to Henry Chinaski (1987) [demos] (1989) John Lennon’s Corpse Revisited (1992) Caesars Remains (demos etc) Compilations (1987)Punk Rock Showcase (1989) Thusly, thee Mighty Caesars (English Punk Rock Explosion) (LP Comp U.S.) (1989) Surely They Were the Sons of God (C.D.Comp U.S.) (1994)Caesars Pleasure (CD Comp) with The Delmonas Dangerous Charms (1985) The Delmonas 5 (1986) Do the Uncle Willy (1988) The Delmonas (1989) as Wild <mask> & the Blackhands Play: Capt'n Calypso's Hoodoo Party (1988) The Original Chatham Jack (1992) Live in the Netherlands (1993) as Jack Ketch & the Crowmen Brimful of Hate (1988) as Jack Ketch & the Crowmen as Thee Headcoats Headcoats Down! (1989) The Earls of Suavedom (1990) Beach Bums Must Die (1990) The Kids Are Square – This is Hip! (1990) Heavens to Murgatroyd, Even! It’s ! (Already) (1990) W.O.A.H! Bo in Thee Garage (1991) Headcoatitude (1991) The Wurst is Yet to Come (1993) The Good Times Are Killing Me (1993) Cavern by the Sea (1993) Connundrum (1994) The Sound of the Baskervilles (1995 – Thee Headcoats featuring Thee Headcoatees) In Tweed We Trust (1996) Knights of the Baskervilles (1996) The Jimmy Reid Experience (1997) The Messerschmits Pilots Severed Hand (1998) Sherlock Holmes Meets the Punkenstien Monster (1998 Japanese Compilation) Brother is Dead…but fly is gone! (1998) 17% Hendrix Was Not the Only Musician (1998) <mask> & His Famous Headcoats English Gentlemen of Rock‘N’Roll/the Best Vol.2 (1999) (Japanese Compilation) I Am the Object of Your Desire (2000) Elementary Headcoats – Thee Singles 1990–1999 (2000 – compilation) as Thee Headcoats Sect (with The Downliners Sect) Deerstalking Men (1996) Ready Sect Go!(2000) as The Buff Medways This is This (2001) Steady the Buffs (2002) The XFM Sessions (2003) 1914 (2003) Medway Wheelers (2005) as The Chatham Singers Heavens Journey (2005) Juju Claudius (2009) Kings of the Medway Delta (2020) as The Musicians of the British Empire Punk Rock at the British Legion Hall (2007) Christmas 1979 (2007) Thatcher's Children (2008) as The Vermin Poets Poets of England (2010) as The Spartan Dreggs Forensic R & B (2011) Dreggredation (2012) Coastal Command (2012) Tablets of Linear B (2012) Archeopteryx vs. Coelacanth (2014) A Tribute To A. E. Housman (2013 – CTMF & The Spartan Dreggs) with CTMF All Our Forts Are With You (2013) Die Hinterstoisser Traverse (2013) Acorn Man (2014) SQ1 (2016) Brand New Cage (2017) In The Devil's Focus (10" BBC 6 Music Sessions) (2017) Brand New Cage (2017) Last Punk Standing... (2019) as The William Loveday Intention People Think they Know Me But They Don't Know Me (2020) Will There Ever Be A Day That You're Hung Like A Thief? Note: some copies appear with different titles and different author and publisher: 'Art War, Man Taken from Guts' and 'Insolunce in the Face of Art' being examples. Unknowable but Certain (2009) Paraffin Van (2011) (Also published under the title "I Fuckt Frida Kahlo" as a Faber and Faber lookalike.) the sudden wren or painting lessons for poets and other mediochur cunts (2013) In the Teeth of Deamons (2015) 1 of the rist (2016) The Uncorrected (2018 If you fly with the crows... Selected Poetry 2015 – 2019 (2019) Vipers Tongue Press Poetry Pamphlets (2020) – includes '100 yds of crash barrier' (Pamphlet 001), 'Cancer of the gallows' (Pamphlet 002), 'Poems nobody wants' (Pamphlet 003) Fiction Conversations with Dr X (1987) Cannon-fodder, by Louis-Ferdinand Céline. Trans. References External links Billy Childish official site Guardian Interview 2009 Art Basel 2010 – Billy Childish interview at Theartnewspaper.tv Slashstroke Magazine 2011 – Billy Childish interview and photoshoot 1959 births Living people Alumni of the University for the Creative Arts 20th-century English painters English male painters 21st-century English painters 21st-century male artists 20th-century English novelists 21st-century English novelists English male singers English male poets English punk rock guitarists English punk rock singers People from Chatham, Kent Punk blues musicians Sympathy for the Record Industry artists British indie rock musicians Alumni of Saint Martin's School of Art Musicians from Kent English contemporary artists English male novelists 20th-century English male writers 21st-century English male writers English male

Gary Geiger

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<mask> (April 4, 1937 – April 24, 1996) was a major league outfielder for the Cleveland Indians, Boston Red Sox, Atlanta Braves, and Houston Astros from (1958-1970). He was born in Sand Ridge, Illinois. His offseason home while a major leaguer was Murphysboro, Illinois. His wife Lyn's parents were St. Louis, Missouri residents. Career statistics His career batting average was .246, with 77 home runs and 283 runs batted in. He was a weak hitter against left-handed pitching. He fielded 985, with 24 lifetime errors.He was a fast runner, once timed at 3.5 seconds from home plate to first on a bunt. <mask> ranked 8th in stolen bases in 1959 & 1961 with 9 & 16 steals respectively, but as high as 2nd in 1962 with 18 steals although he was caught 11 times. <mask> is one of three Red Sox to hit an inside-the-park grand slam home run at Fenway Park. His came in 1961. The others to accomplish the feat are Don Lenhardt (1952) and Mike Greenwell (September 1, 1990). He was signed as an amateur free agent by the St. Louis Cardinals in 1954. Cleveland drafted him as a pitcher from the Cards' Rochester Red Wings top farm club on December 2, 1957.He was , but weighed only 168 lb. He liked to keep his weight between 171 & 175 lb, but was often unable to and even dropped below 135 lb following an ulcer operation. He batted left and threw right, and in July 1958 was accidentally beaned by Camilo Pascual of the Washington Senators. Boston Red Sox (1959–1965) On December 2, 1958, the Indians received Jimmy Piersall from the Red Sox for Geiger and veteran slugger Vic Wertz (no money was involved) after Geiger had hit .231 in 91 games as a 21-year-old Cleveland rookie. In late March 1959, late in spring training, Geiger collided with teammate (shortstop) Don Buddin chasing a foul ball in left field, in Scottsdale, Arizona. He was knocked unconscious and severely bruised. But he recovered to play left field later that year.On July 29, 1960, he was operated on for a collapsed lung at Sancta Maria Hospital in Cambridge, Massachusetts, and was advised to rest fully afterwards. Doctors said Geiger would miss the remainder of the season. <mask>'s Topps 1961 baseball card was featured in the 2000 film Skipped Parts as part of a baby's mobile at the end of the film. In March 1961, during spring training, <mask> made a game-saving catch in Palm Springs, California for the Red Sox against the new expansion Los Angeles Angels, robbing Julio Bécquer of a sure double in deep right center field in an 8–7 Boston win. Earlier in the game, he had collected three hits and scored three runs. Batting second and playing center field on April 17, 1961, early in the regular season, he hit a game-winning home run into the Fenway Park right field bullpen in the 7th inning of a 3-2 Boston win over the Angels. But then he dropped a fly ball hit by Brooks Robinson with two outs in the 9th inning of a 5–4 Red Sox loss to the Baltimore Orioles on May 27.It should have been an easy catch, but <mask> bobbled it when he and two other Red Sox players tried to glove it. The error was the first by Boston in ten games. He had accounted for a Red Sox run in the 5th by doubling and scoring on a single by Wertz. He broke up what might have been a second consecutive shutout by 18-year-old $125,000 bonus baby Lew Krausse, Jr. on June 23 with a game-winning three-run home run in the 7th inning after a walk to Pete Runnels and an error on Chuck Schilling's sacrifice bunt. Krausse had pitched a 4-0 shutout of the Angels in his major league debut for the Kansas City Athletics the week before. <mask> and Jackie Jensen launched home runs in the late innings of a 9–4 Red Sox win over the new expansion Washington Senators on August 23. In the second game of a doubleheader <mask> pinch-hit for Carroll Hardy, connecting for a triple off Cal McLish which scored Pumpsie Green to earn Boston a split with the Chicago White Sox.In November, it was reported that <mask>, Schilling and star pitcher Bill Monbouquette were likely to be lost to Boston for military service after <mask> had led the Red Sox with 18 home runs in 1961, but it didn't happen. (Catcher Jim Pagliaroni was 2nd with 16.) On June 9, 1962, <mask> crashed directly into the center field wall at Fenway Park attempting to catch a Tito Francona drive as the Red Sox lost to his old team Cleveland in 13 innings. He ventured back on the dirt track and looked as if he were going to come up with the ball. He made a sudden leap for it but struck the wall, and the ball caromed back onto the field. He landed on his feet, clapped his head with his arm, sank slowly to his knees and fell flat on the ground. He was removed on a stretcher and taken to a hospital.On May 27, 1963, a recovered <mask> and shortstop Eddie Bressoud hit 8th-inning home runs against the Detroit Tigers in a 6–5 Boston win at Tiger Stadium. But on February 27, 1964, Geiger underwent surgery for a bleeding ulcer at St. Luke's Hospital in St. Louis after having been stricken en route to training camp. Doctors advised him to remain in the hospital for 7–10 days before returning for spring training in Arizona. He was placed on the voluntary retired list at his own request on May 13, and was expected to be sidelined for at least 40 days. He ended up taking the rest of 1964 off because of general fatigue, lack of stamina and an underweight and weakened constitution, but returned the next year. On June 8, 1965, he sustained a triple fracture of the left hand diving for a Tom McCraw double in the 8th inning of a game won by the White Sox 7–3, after racing in from deep center field and diving for the shallow fly ball. That October, the Red Sox sold him along with seven other players to their Triple-A affiliate Toronto Maple Leafs in the International League.Atlanta Braves (1966–1967), Houston Astros (1969–1970) In May 1966, the newly relocated Atlanta Braves were reportedly desperate for pitchers. <mask>, Rico Carty and Gene Oliver were outfielders mentioned as possible "trade bait". But <mask> was still with the Braves on July 28, 1967 when they rose to 3rd place in the National League. Filling in for an injured Mack Jones, he was a whiz in center field with a fine catch in the 6th inning to help the Braves out of a bases-loaded jam and then, the next inning, caught a fly ball against the fence. He batted 8th for the Houston Astros in 1969, and played left and right field. On June 23, he drove in three runs as a pinch-hitter to help the Astros to a 7th consecutive win on June 23. On June 26, 1970, the Astros repurchased him from the Triple-A Oklahoma City 89ers (Oklahoma Redhawks) of the American Association (20th Century).Manager On December 7, 1971, the Cardinals chose <mask> to manage their Cedar Rapids Cardinals farm team in the Midwest League. Personal life <mask> wore false teeth after his own, too soft to take fillings, had all been extracted by age 22. He overcame his pronounced fear of flying, making every trip with the teams he played with, albeit reluctantly. References External links Muir, Jim. "Family, community remember baseball player <mask>" The Southern Illinoisan (Carbondale, Illinois), Monday, May 1, 2006. 1937 births 1996 deaths Atlanta Braves players Baseball players from Illinois Boston Red Sox players Cleveland Indians players Deaths from cirrhosis Hamilton Cardinals players Hannibal Cardinals players Houston Astros players Major League Baseball outfielders Oklahoma City 89ers players Omaha Cardinals players People from Murphysboro, Illinois Rochester Red Wings players Tulsa Oilers (baseball) players Alcohol-related deaths in Illinois

Julia Ward Howe

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<mask> (; May 27, 1819 – October 17, 1910) was an American poet and author, known for writing "The Battle Hymn of the Republic" and the original 1870 pacifist Mother's Day Proclamation. She was also an advocate for abolitionism and a social activist, particularly for women's suffrage. Early life and education <mask> was born in New York City. She was the fourth of seven children. Her father <mask> was a Wall Street stockbroker, banker, and strict Calvinist. Her mother was the poet <mask>, related to Francis Marion, the "Swamp Fox" of the American Revolution. She died during childbirth when <mask> was five.<mask> was educated by private tutors and schools for young ladies until she was sixteen. Her eldest brother, Samuel Cutler <mask>, traveled in Europe and brought home a private library. She had access to these books, many contradicting the Calvinistic view. She became well-read, though social as well as scholarly. She met, because of her father's status as a successful banker, Charles Dickens, Charles Sumner, and Margaret Fuller. Her brother, Sam, married into the Astor family, allowing him great social freedom that he shared with his sister. The siblings were cast into mourning with the death of their father in 1839, the death of their brother, Henry, and the deaths of Samuel's wife, Emily, and their newborn child.Personal life Though raised an Episcopalian, <mask> became a Unitarian by 1841. In Boston, <mask> met Samuel Gridley <mask>, a physician and reformer who had founded the Perkins School for the Blind. <mask> had courted her, but he had shown an interest in her sister Louisa. In 1843, they married despite their eighteen-year age difference. She gave birth to their first child while honeymooning in Europe. She bore their last child in December 1859 at the age of forty. They had six children: <mask> <mask> (1844–1886), Florence Marion <mask> (1845–1922), Henry Marion <mask> (1848–1922), Laura Elizabeth <mask> (1850–1943), <mask> (1855–1948), and Samuel Gridley <mask>, Jr. (1859–1863).<mask> was an aunt of novelist Francis Marion Crawford. <mask>’s marriage to <mask> was troublesome for her. He did not approve of her writing and did everything he could to disrupt her creative efforts. <mask> raised her children in South Boston, while her husband pursued his advocacy work. She hid her unhappiness with their marriage, earning the nickname "the family champagne" from her children. She made frequent visits to Gardiner, Maine, where she stayed at "The Yellow House," a home built originally in 1814 and later home to her daughter Laura. In 1852, the <mask>s bought a "country home" with 4.7 acres of land in Portsmouth, Rhode Island, which they called "Oak Glen."They continued to maintain homes in Boston and Newport, but spent several months each year at Oak Glen. Career Writing She attended lectures, studied foreign languages, and wrote plays and dramas. <mask> had published essays on Goethe, Schiller and Lamartine before her marriage in the New York Review and Theological Review. Her first volume of poetry, Passion-Flowers was published anonymously in 1853. The book collected personal poems and was written without the knowledge of her husband, who was then editing the Free Soil newspaper The Commonwealth. Her second anonymous collection, Words for the Hour, appeared in 1857. She went on to write plays such as Leonora, The World's Own, and Hippolytus.These works all contained allusions to her stultifying marriage. She went on trips including several for missions. In 1860, she published A Trip to Cuba, which told of her 1859 trip. It had generated outrage from William Lloyd Garrison, an abolitionist, for its derogatory view of Blacks. <mask> believed it was right to free the slaves but did not believe in racial equality. Several letters on High Newport society were published in the New York Tribune in 1860, as well. <mask>'s being a published author troubled her husband greatly, especially due to the fact that her poems many times had to do with critiques of women's roles as wives, her own marriage, and women's place in society.Their marriage problems escalated to the point where they separated in 1852. Samuel, when he became her husband, had also taken complete control of her estate income. Upon her husband's death in 1876, she had found that through a series of bad investments, most of her money had been lost. <mask>'s writing and social activism were greatly shaped by her upbringing and married life. Much study has gone into her difficult marriage and how it influenced her work, both written and active. Politics In the early 1870s, <mask> was nominated by William Claflin the governor of Massachusetts as justice of the peace. However, there were uncertainties surrounding her appointment, as many believed women were not fit to hold office.In 1871, the Massachusetts supreme court made the decision that women could not hold any judicial offices without explicit authorization from the legislature, thereby nullifying <mask>'s appointment to justice of the peace. This led to activists petitioning for legislation allowing women to hold office, separate from legislating women's suffrage. Women's supporters believed that petitioning for officeholding before petitioning for a women's suffrage amendment would expedite women's involvement in politics. Social activism She was inspired to write "The Battle Hymn of the Republic" after she and her husband visited Washington, D.C., and met Abraham Lincoln at the White House in . During the trip, her friend James Freeman Clarke suggested she write new words to the song "John Brown's Body", which she did on November 19. The song was set to William Steffe's already existing music and <mask>'s version was first published in the Atlantic Monthly in . It quickly became one of the most popular songs of the Union during the American Civil War.<mask> produced eleven issues of the literary magazine, Northern Lights, in 1867. That same year she wrote about her travels to Europe in From the Oak to the Olive. After the war, she focused her activities on the causes of pacifism and women's suffrage. By 1868, <mask>'s husband no longer opposed her involvement in public life, so <mask> decided to become active in reform. She helped found the New England Women's Club and the New England Woman Suffrage Association. She served as president for nine years beginning in 1868. In 1869, she became co-leader with Lucy Stone of the American Woman Suffrage Association.Then, in 1870, she became president of the New England Women's Club. After her husband's death in 1876, she focused more on her interests in reform. In 1877 <mask> was one of the founders of the Women's Educational and Industrial Union in Boston. She was the founder and from 1876 to 1897 president of the Association of American Women, which advocated for women's education. Unlike other suffragists at the time, <mask> supported the final version of the Fifteenth Amendment, which had omitted the inclusion of language originally barring discrimination against women as well as people of color. Her reason for supporting this version of the Fifteenth Amendment was that "she viewed black men's suffrage as the priority." In 1872, she became the editor of Woman's Journal, a widely-read suffragist magazine founded in 1870 by Lucy Stone and Henry B. Blackwell.She contributed to it for twenty years. That same year, she wrote her "Appeal to womanhood throughout the world", later known as the Mother's Day Proclamation, which asked women around the world to join for world peace. (See :Category:Pacifist feminism.) She authored it soon after she evolved into a pacifist and an anti-war activist. In 1872, she asked that "Mother's Day" be celebrated on the 2nd of June. Her efforts were not successful, and by 1893 she was wondering if the 4th of July could be remade into "Mother's Day". In 1874, she edited a coeducational defense titled Sex and Education.She wrote a collection about the places she lived in 1880 called Modern Society. In 1883, <mask> published a biography of Margaret Fuller. Then, in 1885 she published another collection of lectures called Is Polite Society Polite? ("Polite society" is a euphemism for the upper class.) In 1899 she published her popular memoirs, Reminiscences. She continued to write until her death. In 1881, <mask> was elected president of the Association for the Advancement of Women.Around the same time, <mask> went on a speaking tour of the Pacific coast and founded the Century Club of San Francisco. In 1890, she helped found the General Federation of Women's Clubs, to reaffirm the Christian values of frugality and moderation. From 1891 to 1893, she served as president for the second time of the Massachusetts Woman Suffrage Association. Until her death, she was president of the New England Woman Suffrage Association. From 1893 to 1898 she directed the General Federation of Women's Clubs, and headed the Massachusetts Federation of Women's Clubs. <mask> spoke at the 1893 World's Parliament of Religions in Chicago reflecting on the question, What is Religion?. In 1908 <mask> was the first woman to be elected to the American Academy of Arts and Letters, a society; its goal is to "foster, assist, and sustain excellence" in American literature, music, and art.Death and legacy <mask> died of pneumonia October 17, 1910, at her Portsmouth home, Oak Glen at the age of 91. She is buried in the Mount Auburn Cemetery in Cambridge, Massachusetts. At her memorial service approximately 4,000 people sang "Battle Hymn of the Republic" as a sign of respect as it was the custom to sing that song at each of <mask>'s speaking engagements. After her death, her children collaborated on a biography, published in 1916. It won the Pulitzer Prize for Biography. In 1987, she was honored by the U.S. Postal Service with a 14¢ Great Americans series postage stamp.Several buildings are associated with her name: The <mask> <mask> School of Excellence in Chicago's Austin community is named in her honor. The Howe neighborhood in Minneapolis, MN was named for her. The <mask> <mask> Academics Plus Elementary School in Philadelphia was named in her honor in 1913. Her Rhode Island home, Oak Glen, was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1978. Her Boston home is a stop on the Boston Women's Heritage Trail. Awards and honors January 28, 1908, at age 88, <mask> became the first woman elected to the American Academy of Arts and Letters. 1970, inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame.In 1998, inducted into the National Women's Hall of Fame. Selected works Poetry Passion-Flowers (1854) Words for the Hour (1857) From Sunset Ridge: Poems Old and New (1898) Later Lyrics (1866) At Sunset (published posthumously, 1910) Other works The Hermaphrodite. Incomplete, but probably composed between 1846 and 1847. Published by University of Nebraska Press, 2004 From the Oak to the Olive (travel writing, 1868) Modern Society (essays, 1881) Margaret Fuller (Marchesa Ossoli) (biography, 1883) Woman's work in America (1891) Is Polite Society Polite? (essays, 1895) Reminiscences: 1819–1899 (autobiography, 1899) See also List of peace activists List of suffragists and suffragettes List of women's rights activists Timeline of women's suffrage Ann Jarvis Gardiner, Maine, <mask>'s home for many years Samuel Gridley and <mask> <mask> House References Further reading Clifford, Deborah Pickman. Mine Eyes Have Seen the Glory: A Biography of <mask> <mask>. Boston: Little, Brown and Co., 1978. . Sketches of Representative Women of New England.Boston: New England Historical Pub. Co., 1904. . Richards, Laura Elizabeth. <mask> <mask>, 1819–1910. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1916. Two vol. . Showalter, Elaine. The Civil Wars of <mask> <mask>. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2017. .External links Works and papers Howe Papers at Harvard University Articles by Howe Archive at "Making of America" project, Cornell University Library Poetry at Representative Poetry Online (University of Toronto) Mother's Day Proclamation (1870) Julia Ward Howe.org Electronic archive of <mask>'s life and works Finding Aid for the <mask> <mask> Papers at The University of North Carolina at Greensboro Papers,1857–1961. Schlesinger Library, Radcliffe Institute, Harvard University. Papers of the <mask> <mask> family, 1787–1984. Schlesinger Library, Radcliffe Institute, Harvard University. Biographies <mask> <mask>, biography by Laura E. Richards, online at the University of Pennsylvania Michals, Debra. "<mask> <mask>". National Women's History Museum."2015. Biography Dictionary of Unitarian & Universalist Biography <mask> <mask> at Answers.com Schowalter, Elaine. "The Civil Wars of <mask> <mask>" New York: Simon & Schuster, 2017 Plaque on the Willard Hotel in Washington, D.C. marking where <mask> wrote the Hymn Other 1819 births 1910 deaths 19th-century American poets 19th-century American women writers 19th-century Unitarians 20th-century American poets 20th-century American women writers 20th-century Unitarians Activists from New York City American abolitionists American anti-war activists American feminists American pacifists American suffragists American Unitarians American people of English descent American women hymnwriters American women poets American women's rights activists Burials at Mount Auburn Cemetery Converts to Unitarianism Members of the American Academy of Arts and Letters People from Gardiner, Maine People from Portsmouth, Rhode Island Women in the American Civil War Writers from New York City Women civil rights activists 19th-century American women musicians

Hiroyuki Nagato

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, stage name of Akio Kato (加藤晃夫), was a Japanese actor. He starred in Season of the Sun, Endless Desire, My Second Brother, Stolen Desire, and Sukeban Deka, and Yo-Yo Girl Cop. Life and career <mask> was born in Kyoto City and came from an illustrious film family. His younger brother Masahiko Tsugawa is an actor. His wife Yōko Minamida was an actress. His grandfather is the director Shōzō Makino, nicknamed the Father of Japanese Film; his father, Kunitarō Sawamura, and his mother, Tomoko Makino, were both actors. His aunt and uncle through his father are the actors Sadako Sawamura and Daisuke Katō.His niece was the actress Mayuko and she referred to him as "Achi" (Uncle Akio). Masayuki Makino, his cousin from his mother's side, was the first principal of the Okinawa Actors School. He had no children with his wife Yoko. He is distantly related to the modern Japanese comedian Daisuke Miyagawa. After graduating from Hanazono High School, Nagato entered into Ritsumeikan University's Depart of Literature but dropped out. Former Hanshin Tigers coach Yoshio Yoshida attended Ritsumeikan at the same time as Nagato but also dropped out. Acting career His first movie appearance was in the 1940 film Zokushi Mizuminato (續清水港).He was a widely known child actor before World War II. During his school years he took a temporary break from acting but after the war he joined the entertainment company Nikkatsu where he resumed film-making. He starred in the first installment book-turned-movie Taiyouzoku series, Season of the Sun, with his co-star, Yujiro Ishihara who debuted with this movie. Combined with director Shohei Imamura, the movie left him with the reputation of having acting and gave him the nickname of "Nikkatsu's Billboard Star". In 1961 Nagato married Yoko Minamida and the following year he left Nikkatsu. In 1964, together with his wife, he established the film company Ningen Production. In 1968 he produced and starred in the television drama Katsudoya Ichiyo on MBS.However, due to compounding issues with the series, it plunged him 200 million yen into debt. From 1982 he also became known as a personality appearing on the KBS Kyoto's charity radio show Great Snail War. The show provided help and raise money for children who were orphaned because of accidents. His wife also participated alongside him starting from 1984. He and his wife continued appearing until the campaign's end in 2005. He also worked together alongside other celebrities born in the same year as him (1934): Yujiro Ishihara, Kinya Aikawa, Koizumi Ohashi, Ichiro Zaitsu, Jiro Sakagami, Shunji Fujimura, Gorō Mutsumi, Shuichiro Moriyama to form the friendship association Showa 9 Nenkai (昭和9年会). The 9th year of the Showa era is the equivalent of 1934.To Yoko Controversy In November 1985, <mask> published an exposé called To Yoko(洋子へ); it was published by the publisher Datahouse.(データハウス) . It was a series of confessions to his wife, in which he wrote about his numerous infidelities without changing any names of those he had affairs with. It astounded the Japanese media. Junko Ikeuchi, who was among the people included in the book under her real name, voiced a strong objection in response. Nagato and Datahouse recalled the first edition and issued a revised version in which the problem areas were re-written. <mask> also took out an ad in the Ikeuchi newspaper to apologize over the situation. Nagato argued that, "Because [I] used a ghostwriter, my true intentions were not conveyed."However the entire incident seriously damaged his and his wife's careers. They were forced to resign from all the programs and commercials they had currently appeared in. He went on numerous different celebrity gossip shows for interviews about the event and repeatedly slammed his book against the desk while disparaging it. After a long time Nagato recovered from the incident and even went back to thriving, performing mainly antagonist or villain roles in television dramas. Last Years In his last years, Nagato devoted himself to making amends with his wife for all his affairs (and the scandal caused by the book) and became her caregiver when she was diagnosed with dementia. At the same time, he also increasingly started co-starring more with his younger brother Tsugawa, who he had been feuding with for many years. He also appeared in works directed by Tsugawa who assumed the name of Makino Masahiko.On 21 October 2009, Yoko Minamida, died of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) at the age of 76. At a press conference held at the Meiji Theater the day Minamida died, Nagato stated, with tears in his eyes, "From now on, I will step into a world without my wife. Yoko lives on in my memories. This is what eternity means. [...] These four years of caring for her has been my rebirth and has changed my outlook on life." Death After his wife's death, Nagato continued working until right before his own final days. On 21 May 2011, one year and seven months after the death of his wife, Nagato passed away at Juntendo Clinic in Tokyo at 5:20pm.He was 77. That night, Tsukawa stated that his brother's condition was "A complication caused by pneumonia, but he was fine the day before", and revealed that his condition had changed suddenly the day of his death. Tsugawa along with Nagato's private friend of 60 years Ruriko Asaoka, rushed to respond to the press media's coverage.Upon receiving Nagato's obituary, Enzo Tachibana, who had been close to Nagato for many years and a member of the Showa 9 Nenkai, announced his condolences saying, "(With the death of Hiroshi Tamaki and Sakagami) more and more friends are now gone." Others who had a friendly relationship with Nagato commended their own condolences. Aimi Higa, who co-starred with him in DonDon Hare, wrote a comment on her blog in memory of Nagato. Toshiyuki Nishida, who co-starred with him in Ikenaka Genta 80 Kg, said that the titular character "weeps" for his death. Kinichi Hagimoto, who was long loved by Nagato and his wife like a younger brother, when paying his own condolences and choked up with grief said, "He was the ultimate mentor, friend, and brother."The wake and funeral service were held on 24 May at Zenpukuji in Minato-ku, Tokyo, with Tsugawa serving as the funeral officiant. The body was then cremated at the Kirigaya Yasaijyou in Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo. Kiichi Nakai and Takashi Sasano read the condolences at wake while Tetsuko Kuroyagi and Eiji Okuda read the condolences at the funeral and memorial ceremony. Nagato was given the posthumous name, traditional in Buddhist funeral ceremonies, of "Gokugeiin Shijojoaki"(極芸院釋浄晃). <mask>'s last movie appearance was in Aoi Aoi Sora (青い青い空) released on 9 October 2010. His last TV drama appearance was on the last episode of the NHK Saturday drama Onmitu Happyaku Yacho (隠密八百八町) broadcast on 26 March 2011, about two months before his death. Filmography Films Television External links 1934 births 2011 deaths Male actors from Kyoto Ritsumeikan University alumni

Gabriel Prosser

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<mask> (1776 – October 10, 1800), today commonly known as <mask>, was a literate enslaved blacksmith who planned a large slave rebellion in the Richmond, Virginia area in the summer of 1800. Information regarding the revolt was leaked prior to its execution, and he and twenty-five followers were hanged. <mask>'s uprising was notable not because of its results—the rebellion was quelled before it could begin—but because of its potential for mass chaos and widespread violence. There were other slave rebellions, but this one "most directly confronted" the Founding Fathers "with the chasm between the ideal of liberty and their messy accommodations to slavery." Virginia and other state legislatures passed restrictions on free blacks, as well as prohibiting the education, assembly, and hiring out of slaves, to restrict their ability and chances to plan similar rebellions. In 2002, the City of Richmond passed a resolution in honor of <mask> on the 202nd anniversary of the planned rebellion. In 2007, Governor Tim Kaine gave <mask> and his followers an informal pardon, in recognition that his cause, "the end of slavery and the furtherance of equality for all people—has prevailed in the light of history".Biography <mask> was born into slavery in 1776 at Brookfield, a large tobacco plantation in Henrico County, Virginia. He and two brothers, Solomon and Martin, were held in bondage by slaveholder <mask>, the owner of Brookfield. <mask> was literate. He was one of the rare 5% of enslaved people of the colonial era who were able to learn to read and write. <mask> trained as a blacksmith and a carpenter. His brother Solomon, and perhaps his father, was a blacksmith. <mask>, "hired out" by his enslaver to work in Richmond foundries, was able to keep a portion of the wages that he earned.The bulk of it went to <mask>. <mask> traveled freely throughout Richmond and Henrico County to work for plantation and business owners. <mask> was married to Nanny, an enslaved woman. They were not known to have had any children. He was described in newspaper articles as having stood "six feet two or three inches high". His long and "bony face, well made", was marred by the loss of his two front teeth and "two or three scars on his head". White people as well as black people regarded the literate young man as "a fellow of great courage and intellect above his rank in life".In 1799, <mask>, his brother Soloman, and a man named Jupiter, tried to steal a pig from Absalom Johnson. <mask> got into a scuffle with Johnson and he bit off part of Johnson's ear. Jupiter was charged with stealing a hog, which was a misdemeanor and Soloman was not charged. It was a capital offense for an enslaved person to assault a white person. He could have been hanged for the assault. Because he was a valuable bondsman for <mask>, the judge sentenced him to jail for one month and had his thumb branded. <mask> was released from jail when slaveholder <mask> paid a bond for his release and he promised a year of good behavior.Richmond history professor and slave law expert Philip J. Schwarz states that it showed <mask>'s intention "to consciously challenge the system of slave control." See also History of slavery in Virginia § Food. Historian Douglas R. Egerton and author of <mask>'s Rebellion, states: "He was physically big, he was literate, he's a fighter, he's a skilled artisan. For all these reasons, he was a natural leader." Background to the Revolt In Richmond, there were slightly more blacks than whites, with a total population of 5,700 in 1800. Richmond was a slave town, with a community whipping post where slaveholders had punishment meted out in a public square. Enslaved men loaded and moved flatboats of tobacco and other cargo.Throughout the state in 1800, 39.2% of the total population were slaves; they were concentrated on plantations in the Tidewater region and west of Richmond. <mask>, living in Virginia in the late eighteenth century, was influenced by the prevailing themes of liberty expounded by the supporters of the American, French, and Haitian Revolutions. During his lifetime, the number of free people of color had grown markedly in the Upper South. Many slaves were manumitted thanks in part to the efforts of Methodist and Quaker abolitionists. Their number was augmented by free black refugees from the Haitian Revolution, many of whom had been slaveowners themselves. Some Virginia slaveholders were nervous about the sharp increase in the number of free blacks in the slave state. <mask>'s Rebellion Historians assert that <mask> became the leader of the planned rebellion because he was a blacksmith, and enslaved people respected and feared blacksmiths because of their ability to forge weapons and their connection to the spirit of iron Ogun.Ogun is the "god of iron," warfare and metalwork in West Africa. In West Africa, blacksmiths are feared and respected because they can forge weapons and they hold the secrets to the mysteries of metal and its spiritual properties. On plantations in Virginia, enslaved blacks continued the West African tradition of holding blacksmiths to a high degree of respect and fear. During the slave trade, Virginia imported blacksmiths from West Africa into the colony and the state. Enslaved and free African-American men in Virginia taught their metalwork skills to their sons. During the spring and summer of 1800, <mask> began to plan a revolt that intended to end slavery in Virginia. Plans were made with enslaved people over 10 counties and the cities of Richmond, Norfolk, and Petersburg, Virginia.He and his brothers, as well as other blacksmiths, turned scythe blades into as many as twelve dozen swords. Musket balls and 50 spears were created. They intended to steal muskets from a tavern. Hundreds of slaves from central Virginia expected to march into Richmond and take control of the Virginia State Armory and the Virginia State Capitol. The plan was to hold Governor James Monroe hostage so that they could negotiate for their freedom. But on August 30, 1800, the planned day of attack, heavy rain flooded the streets of Richmond and the creeks in central Virginia. In addition, two slaves told their owner, Mosby Sheppard, about the plans.Sheppard warned Virginia's Governor, James Monroe, who called out the state militia. They patrolled the area and began picking up conspirators. <mask> escaped downriver to Norfolk, but he was spotted and betrayed there by another slave named Will "Billy" King. More than 70 enslaved men were arrested by law enforcement for conspiracy and insurrection. <mask> was returned to Richmond for questioning, but he did not submit. The trial was heard by five justices in courts of oyer and terminer, rather than a jury. A recruit, Ben Woolfolk, testified that <mask> intended on writing the words 'death or liberty' on a silk flag, referring to Patrick Henry's Give me liberty, or give me death!speech of 1775. One of the enslaved men reportedly said "I have nothing more to offer than what General Washington would have had to offer, had he been taken by the British and put to trial." <mask>, his two brothers, and 23 other slaves were hanged. One individual committed suicide before his arraignment. Eight enslaved men were moved or sold outside of Virginia. Thirteen were found guilty, but were pardoned by the governor. Twenty five were acquitted.Two men received their freedom for informing their slaveholder of the plot. Influence The rebellion was reported in newspapers across the country. James Monroe and Thomas Jefferson were concerned about the optics of having so many people executed. Jefferson said, "the other states & the world at large will forever condemn us if we indulge in a principle of revenge." The Federalists argued that the rebellion occurred as a result of the Democratic-Republican Party's support of the French Revolution. Fears of a slave revolt regularly swept major slaveholding communities. After the rebellion, many slaveholders greatly restricted the slaves' ability to travel after a second conspiracy was discovered in 1802 among enslaved boatmen along the Appomattox and Roanoke Rivers.New laws were enacted to restrict free blacks and slaves. The Virginia Assembly in 1802 made it illegal for blacks, whether free or enslaved, to obtain and pilot's boat or to navigate a boat. Two years later, they were unable to meet in groups after their work was done or on Sundays. In 1808, state legislators banned hiring out of slaves and required freed blacks to leave the state within 12 months or face re-enslavement. The growing population of free blacks had to petition the legislature to stay in the state. Historiography The historian Douglas Egerton offered a new perspective on <mask> in his book <mask>'s Rebellion: The Virginia Slave Conspiracies of 1800 & 1802 (1993). He based this on extensive primary research from surviving contemporary documents.Egerton concluded that <mask> would have been stimulated and challenged at the foundries by interacting with co-workers of European, African and mixed descent. They hoped Thomas Jefferson's Republicans would liberate them from domination by the wealthy Federalist merchants of the city. The internal dynamics of Jefferson's and Monroe's party in the 1800 elections were complex. A significant part of the Republican base were major planters and colleagues of Thomas Jefferson and James Madison. Egerton believes that any sign that white radicals, and particularly Frenchmen, had supported <mask>'s plan could have cost Jefferson the presidential election of 1800. Slaveholders feared such violent excesses as those related to the French Revolution after 1789 and the rebellion of slaves in Saint-Domingue. Egerton believed that <mask> planned to take Governor Monroe hostage to negotiate an end to slavery.Then he planned to "drink and dine with the merchants of the city". Egerton noted that <mask> instructed his followers not to kill white Methodists, Quakers and Frenchmen. During this period, Methodists and Quakers were active missionaries for manumission. Legacy and honors <mask>'s rebellion served as an important example of slaves' taking action to gain freedom. In 2002, the City of Richmond adopted a resolution to commemorate the 202nd anniversary "of the execution of the patriot and freedom fighter, <mask>, whose death stands as a symbol for the determination and struggle of slaves to obtain freedom, justice and equality as promised by the fundamental principles of democratic governments of the Commonwealth of Virginia and the United States of America". The Spring Park Historic Site in Henrico County commemorates <mask>. In 2004, the Virginia Board of Historic Resources approved a marker at the spot where <mask> was hanged on October 10, 1800.It is between 15th and 16th streets, on the north side of East Broad Street. The state worked with individuals from a group called the Defenders for Freedom, Justice & Equality. In the fall of 2006, the Virginia State Conference of the NAACP requested Gov. Tim Kaine pardon <mask> in recognition of his contributions to the civil rights struggle of African Americans and all peoples. On August 30, 2007, Governor Kaine informally pardoned <mask> and his co-conspirators. Kaine said that <mask>'s motivation had been "his devotion to the ideals of the American revolution—it was worth risking death to secure liberty". Kaine noted that "<mask>'s cause—the end of slavery and the furtherance of equality of all people—has prevailed in the light of history", and added that "it is important to acknowledge that history favorably regards <mask>'s cause while consigning legions who sought to keep him and others in chains to be forgotten".Popular culture Arna Bontemps wrote Black Thunder (1936), a historical novel based on <mask>'s Rebellion. In Roots, Alex Haley's historical fiction, the rebellion is heard of by the book's characters. In Sally Hemings, Barbara Chase-Riboud's 1979 novel about Hemings's relationship with Thomas Jefferson, Monroe writes Jefferson asking his advice on what to do about the insurrectionists still in jail after "(m)ore than thirty-five" had been executed. Hemings intercedes on their behalf, telling Jefferson, "I think there has been enough hanging", and suggests they be exiled instead. Although it is not made explicit in the novel, it is implied that Jefferson followed her suggestion and advised Monroe accordingly. At the end of the chapter, Hemings says, "I heard that the last of <mask>'s rebels had been reprieved and banished from Virginia by James Monroe. I had not pleaded in vain."Songs Tim Barry, a singer/songwriter from Richmond, wrote and performed "Prosser's <mask>" for the album 28th & Stonewall. It chronicles the events of <mask>'s life, focusing on the attempted revolution. <mask> is mentioned in Public Enemy's song "Prophets of Rage". <mask> is the hero of a cleverly subversive sea shanty recorded some forty years after events in Frederick Marryat's book, Poor Jack (1840). See also Denmark Vesey History of slavery in Virginia List of enslaved people Nat Turner Slavery in the United States Notes References Further reading Aptheker, Herbert. American Negro Slave Revolts. New York: International Publishers, 1943.Egerton, Douglas R<mask>'s Rebellion: The Virginia Slave Conspiracies of 1800 and 1802. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1993. Nicholls, Michael L. Whispers of Rebellion: Narrating <mask>'s Conspiracy. Charlottesville, VA: University of Virginia Press, 2012. Schwarz, Philip J. "<mask>'s Challenge: Slaves and Crime in Late Eighteenth-Century Virginia", Virginia Magazine of History and Biography Volume 90, Issue 3, pp. 283–309, 1982.Rodriguez, Junius P., ed. Encyclopedia of Slave Resistance and Rebellion. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 2006. 1776 births 1800 deaths 18th-century executions of American people American rebel slaves 18th-century American slaves Conflicts in 1800 Executed African-American people Executed revolutionaries History of Richmond, Virginia History of slavery in Virginia People executed by Virginia by hanging People from Henrico County, Virginia Executed people from Virginia Recipients of American gubernatorial pardons Slave rebellions in the United States

Dan Donnelly (boxer)

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<mask> (March 1788 – 18 February 1820) was a professional boxing pioneer and the first Irish-born heavyweight champion. He was posthumously inducted into the International Boxing Hall of Fame, Pioneers Category in 2008. Early life <mask> was born in the docks of Dublin, Ireland in March 1788. He came from a family of seventeen children. Donnelly grew up in poverty; his father was a carpenter, but suffered from chest complaints and was frequently out of work. As soon as he was able, Donnelly also went to work as a carpenter. On the streets of Dublin, Donnelly had a reputation of being a hard man to provoke, but was known to be "handy with his fists", and he became the district's new fighting hero.There are a number of anecdotes about <mask>'s life in this period, including his rescue of a young woman being attacked by two sailors at the dockside, leading to his arm being badly mangled. He was taken to the premises of the prominent surgeon Dr. Abraham Colles who saved Donnelly's arm from amputation, describing him as a "pocket Hercules". Another tale concerns Donnelly's insistence of carrying the body of an old lady who had died of a highly contagious fever to a local graveyard, where he buried the body himself in a grave that had been "reserved for a person of distinction". Early boxing career <mask> was nearly six feet (1.83 m) tall and weighed almost 14 stone (196 lbs, 89 kg). He was described as "a courageous man". As news of his fighting exploits with Dublin's feuding gangs spread swiftly. He gained a reputation for keeping local criminals in check.One boxer, recognized as champion of the city, became jealous of <mask>'s reputation and took to following him around the local taverns demanding a fight. Eventually, Donnelly relented and the fight was staged on the banks of the Grand Canal. The event aroused a great deal of interest in Dublin, and a good crowd turned up. Right up to the time they took sparring positions, Donnelly tried to talk his rival out of fighting, but his pleas fell on deaf ears. As the fight dragged on, Donnelly gradually overcame his rival, and in a furious attack in the 16th round, beat him to the ground. Donnelly was declared the new champion of the city. Around this time, an Irish aristocrat was sitting in an English tavern.Captain William Kelly listened as a pair of English prize-fighters mocked Ireland's reputation as a nation of courageous men. Kelly considered this an affront to his native land and resolved to find a fighting Irishman to take up the challenge. His search eventually took him to Dublin and to <mask>. King of the Curragh When prize fights were first introduced, it was the Fancy who tended to the boxers. The Fancy were aristocrats who followed the sport in the 18th and 19th centuries. They organized the training, the matches, and the finance. Donnelly's first big fight under the patronage of Captain Kelly, was staged at the Curragh in County Kildare on 14 September 1814.The spot was known at the time as Belcher's Hollow, a natural amphitheatre that was regularly used for big prize fights. <mask>'s opponent was a prominent English fighter, Tom Hall, who was touring Ireland, giving sparring exhibitions and boxing instruction. By one o'clock when the bout was due to start, an estimated 20,000 people packed onto the sides of the hollow, at the base of which a 22-foot (6.71 m) square had been roped off. Boxing at that time was very different from the boxing of today. There were few rules. There was no boxing organization to oversee the sport or lay down regulations or procedures. There was no formal end to the fights: they would go on until one fighter was unable to continue or would give up.A now obsolete practice was that of the seconds. The seconds would wait in the ring during the fight, and assist the boxer between rounds. There were no restrictions regarding fight tactics. For example, a fighter could hit his opponent's head off a corner post, or wrestle his opponent to the ground, or pull his hair, or wrap his arm around his neck in a choking motion and then hit him in the face with the other hand. The fights were very severe and often brutal, and they would continue until the end. A round could last as long as six or seven minutes, or a little as 30 seconds. The round would end when one person was on the ground.He would then have 30 seconds to get up and continue the fight. For a few rounds, Hall was showing his skill was paramount. He scored first blood, which was an important occasion in bare-fist boxing; there were bets made on who would draw first blood. But as the rounds went on, Donnelly's strength began to tell. Hall would slip down onto his knee, without being in any danger. This was a tactic, because once he went down the round was over, he got a 30-second rest, and came back refreshed. He was doing this just a bit too often for Donnelly's liking, and at one stage, Donnelly was just about to lash out when he was down, and his second shouted out an admonishment that <mask> would lose the fight if he did so.Eventually he did lose his temper, and as Hall slipped down yet again, Donnelly lashed out and hit him on the ear; the blood flowed. That was the end of the round. Hall refused to continue, saying he had been fouled, that Donnelly should be disqualified. Donnelly fans voiced that no, <mask> had definitely won, Hall didn't want to fight on, Donnelly was the champion. The fight ended in some controversy, but to the Irish, he was the conquering hero. Belcher's Hollow was rechristened Donnelly's Hollow and <mask> was now acclaimed as Ireland's Champion. For a short while, at least, the country celebrated its new hero.The Irish saw sporting heroes like <mask> as the symbolic winner of the bigger fight. While Ireland was left without its own government, England was becoming increasingly more powerful. Whenever <mask>'s right hand bloodied an English nose, it was hailed as a strike, however small, against the oppressors. Cooper's challenge It was the summer of 1815, and while Ireland was at its weakest, England had never seemed stronger. Wellington had beaten Napoleon at Waterloo and Britannia certainly ruled the waves. In the minds of the populace, <mask>y epitomized the national struggle in an Ireland governed by mad old George III, championing their seemingly hopeless cause against the intransigent representatives of the Crown. In Irish folk tradition, the hero took center stage.That goes back to the storytelling tradition which still exists today. The hero is revered; he's someone who is willing to stand up and fight for himself and his people. <mask> was synonymous with Ireland as he was a patriot. He lived and fought in the period after the 1798 Rebellion and the Act of Union, and during the Catholic Emancipation movement. Spirits and morale were good in Ireland at that time. As a patriotic man himself, the timing couldn't be better for Donnelly. The political climate between Ireland and Britain is better and more peaceful today than it has been in a very long time, but if a rugby or soccer game is held between the two countries, there is a certain amount of tension or jingoism.<mask> and his boxing matches embodied this mentality in the early 19th century. It's symbolic of how the Irish and the English fought their political battles on the football pitch and in the boxing ring. Donnelly was a national hero, but he was also broke. He drank away the purse from beating Tom Hall, but the chance of another big payday eventually presented itself. He was approached by George Cooper and Tom Molyneux, two leading prize-fighters who were touring Ireland on an exhibition tour to teach the art of boxing. These two came to Dublin, heard of Donnelly, and invited him to meet them in a local pub. They prevailed upon him to fight Molyneux originally, and he said no.He had no desire to fight a conquered man, because Molyneux had just been beaten by the other man of the company, George Cooper. Molyneux was hurt by this curt refusal, but he was calmed down by his companion. Arrangements were made for the fight with Cooper. The bout was set for 13 November 1815. Once again, it was to be staged at Donnelly's Hollow on the Curragh in County Kildare. News of Napoleon's defeat at Waterloo was resounding around Europe. George Cooper was a hotter favorite than the Iron Duke had been in his bout with the Little Corporal.Cooper was a bargeman with a fearful reputation. He was of gypsy blood and he was 10/1 on to batter <mask>y. From early morning, crews began to converge on Donnelly's Hollow. They came from far and wide, using every horse-drawn contraption they could find, or on horseback. If they couldn't do so, they gladly walked the distance. There were 20,000 people packed in there on that day. Excitement was intense.Bets were made back then as is still customary to this day. Bets were made on the results of the fight, on who'd draw the first blood, or on who would score the first knockdown. There were rules, but they were designed to accommodate gambling, the public, and those who organized the fight. The boxers themselves were of no consequence. It was a fight that went one way then the other for a round. Again, Donnelly's strength would always tell in a bare-knuckle fight to the finish. In one round, Cooper used the cross-buttock tactic with Donnelly and severely winded him.The cross-buttock was more a wrestling maneuver than a boxing one, but it was legitimate under the rules of the time. A competitor gets, more or less, in front of his opponent, and throws his adversary over his hip, causing him to land with great force on the ground. If one popular story is to be believed, <mask>, who was being badly beaten in the fifth round, was saved by the magical properties of a lump of sugar cane slipped to him by Captain Kelly's sister. She had been pleading with <mask> to win, telling him she had bet her entire estate on the outcome. When Donnelly failed to respond, she slipped him a piece of the sugar cane, while urging him, "Now my charmer, give him a warmer!" The Irish champion was rejuvenated and the course of the fight changed. In the seventh round, he sent Cooper flat on his back on the turf and jumped on top of him, winding Cooper so badly he could hardly rise.He did rise for the next round, but in the eleventh, Donnelly finished him off with a tremendous right hand that smashed Cooper's jaw. The sound of the cheering was likened to the sound of artillery going off. The cheers could be heard in villages for miles around. Donnelly was the conquering hero. As Donnelly proudly strode up the hill towards his carriage, fanatical followers dug out imprints left by his feet. Leading from the monument which commemorates the scene of his greatest victory, "The Steps to Strength and Fame" are still to be seen in <mask>'s Hollow. Donnelly politely declined all invitations to celebrate his triumph in the taverns of County Kildare.He had promised his friends and family he would return to Dublin immediately after the fight. Newspapers in the 18th century had many references to boxing. However, this was bare-knuckle fighting, fighting that was severe and sometimes brutal. That type of boxing was at its most popular during <mask>'s time. Boxing champions in those days became well-renowned. He was aware that political conflict was very much to the fore then. He accepted that he was representing the Irish people in this area in which he was active.He was a patriot, who, if needed, would stand up for his beliefs. Later life Donnelly became a publican, hoping his notoriety would entice extra customers eager to hear stirring tales of his prize-ring. He had a reputation for being a gambler, a womanizer and a drunkard. Donnelly was the proprietor of a succession of four Dublin pubs, all of them unprofitable. Fallon's Capstan Bar is the only one still in existence. In his third and final fight on 21 July 1819, he defeated Tom Oliver in 34 rounds on English turf, at Crawley Down in Sussex. A full fight report was filed by the foremost prizefighting chronicler of the period, Pierce Egan.Egan irately described the reception accorded to Donnelly during a benefit night (6 April 1819) as 'rather foul': 'It was very unlike the usual generosity of John Bull towards a stranger – It was not national – but savoured something like prejudice' (Boxiana, vol. III). This animosity was borne predominantly from concern over the Irishman's fighting prowess, and Egan underscored the combination of resentment and overwhelming interest when reporting Donnelly's fight with Oliver: 'The English amateurs viewed him as a powerful opponent [and...] jealous for the reputation of the "Prize Ring", clenched their fists in opposition, whenever his growing fame was chaunted' (Boxiana, vol. III) He died at Donnelly's Public House, the last tavern he owned, on 18 February 1820 at the age of 31. An oval wall plaque commemorates the site of his death. A squat, weather-beaten, gray obelisk surrounded by a short iron fence marks the exact site of the Cooper bout. The inscription on the monument: DAN DONNELLY BEAT COOPER ON THIS SPOT 13 December 1815.The date inscribed was inaccurate, as the bout actually took place one month earlier, on 13 November 1815, as reported in the Freeman's Journal the following day. Donnelly's arm Donnelly was laid to rest, albeit briefly, at Bully's Acre, one of the city's oldest cemeteries. After just a few nights, grave robbers put Donnelly's body in a sack and delivered him to an eminent surgeon who paid good money for cadavers for study. They may even have been working to order. Donnelly's admirers tracked the body to the home of a surgeon by the name of Hall and threatened him with death. There was a quick negotiation and he agreed to give the body back as long as he could keep the right arm, the one that slew the English champions, for medical observation. The arm was preserved in red lead paint, and traveled to a medical college in Scotland where it was used by medical students for a number of years to study how all the bones worked together.From an Edinburgh classroom, the arm became an exhibit in a Victorian travelling circus, and it journeyed around Britain many times. In the early 20th century, it finally came back to Ireland. In 1904, a Belfast bookmaker, Hugh "Texas" McAlevey, acquired the arm and displayed it in his pub. The publican got tired of it and thought the grisly-looking sight might be frightening off customers, so he stuck it up in an attic. A betting parlor employee remembers as a teenager being told not to go up in the attic—that Donnelly's ghost was up there. Donnelly's arm made it back to Kilcullen in the 1950s. Publican Jim Byrne came up with the idea of recreating Donnelly's fight with George Cooper in the Curragh.The fight was promoted by bringing Donnelly's arm back to where it defeated the English opponent. The pageant brought the historic contest alive again, rekindling the <mask> fire. It was An Tóstal, an Irish festival started at that time nationwide in an effort to promote tourism. Each region was encouraged to have some sort of festival to attract visitors. This was the genesis of the <mask> pageant. Kevin McCourt, an army officer, was picked to play George Cooper, the English champion; Jim Berney was chosen to portray <mask>, the Irish champion. George Cooper and <mask>, as played by McCourt and Berney, had a group of supporters as well, dressed up and cheering, carrying them down into the arena.Two "supporters" performed getting involved in a ruckus. Local sporting clubs and townspeople comprised the spectators. Donnelly's arm found a new home in Jim Byrne's pub, "The Hideout." It became a popular attraction in Kilcullen. It was on display there for 43 years until Jim Byrne died and the pub passed to his son, Desmond, who was unaware of the arms value, and in 1997 he eventually sold the pub. The arm sat in his and Josephine's basement piled under junk for almost a decade until an American relative, <mask>, began a national search for the arm. After several radio interviews and articles, the nations intrigue began to grow again on the whereabouts of the arm.Des died in 2005. After the media search gained traction, Josephine revealed that they kept the arm during the sale and it was disrespectfully laying in their basement. Josephine wouldn't let the human limb that was almost 200 years old go into a cargo hold for transportation to America. One of Des's bandmates had been Henry Donohoe, then the chief pilot for Aer Lingus. She called him and asked how to get the arm to the States. He told her that he would take it in the cockpit with himself. Josephine sat in first class.A special box was made for the arm, crating around it to prevent it from getting banged around. It fit into the cockpit with two inches to spare. As the centerpiece of the Fighting Irishmen Exhibit, <mask>'s arm went on display at the Irish Arts Center in New York City, in the autumn of 2006. The show traveled across the city to the South Street Seaport Museum in 2007. Its next appearance was at Boston College's John J. Burns Library in 2008. The arm returned to Ireland in 2009 when the show arrived at the Ulster American Folk Park in Omagh. 2010 was a homecoming when the exhibition appeared at the Gaelic Athletic Association museum at Croke Park in Dublin.Legends Almost two centuries after his death. Donnelly remains the subject of urban legend. One contends that he had the longest arms in boxing history, with the ability to touch his knees without bending down. Another claims that he was knighted by the Prince Regent. His arms were actually of normal length for a man of his size. No known documentation exists to support the latter. See also Donnelly and Cooper, a ballad List of bare-knuckle boxers References External links Myler, Patrick."Irish <mask>: Still On Tour 178 Years After His Death," The Ring (magazine). A portrait of legendary bare-knuckle boxer <mask>. 1788 births 1820 deaths Bare-knuckle boxers Sportspeople from Dublin (city) Irish male boxers Heavyweight boxers

Kathleen Krull

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<mask> (July 29, 1952 – January 15, 2021) was an author of children's books and a former book editor. Early life and education <mask> was born in Fort Leonard Wood, Missouri, in 1952 and grew up in Wilmette, Illinois. She graduated from the girls' preparatory Regina Dominican High School in Wilmette, studied music at Northwestern University, and then earned a B.A. in 1974 from Lawrence University in Appleton, Wisconsin, magna cum laude, majoring in English, minoring in music. Career Krull worked as a children’s book editor for companies in the Midwest, including at Western Publishing from 1974 to 1979, where she edited and wrote books in the Trixie Belden series under the pseudonym of Kathryn Kenny. She moved to San Diego to work as a senior editor at Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, editing authors including Tomie dePaola, Eve Bunting, Patricia Hermes, Anne Lindbergh, Jane Yolen, Arnold Adoff, Amy Schwartz, Judy Delton, and Lael Littke. While at Harcourt, Krull She left publishing in 1984 to establish herself as a children's book author.She collaborated with Jill Biden on Joey: The Story of Joe Biden, which was released in August 2020 by Simon & Schuster. Her papers are cataloged at the University of Minnesota's Kerlan Collection. Personal life <mask> died in January 2021 after being diagnosed with cancer. She lived in San Diego with her husband, Paul Brewer, a children’s book illustrator and author whom she married in 1989. Selected works Lives of the Musicians: Good Times, Bad Times (and What the Neighbors Thought), illustrated by Kathryn Hewitt, Harcourt (San Diego, CA), 1993. Louisa May's Battle: How the Civil War Led to Little Women, illustrated by Carlyn Beccia (San Diego, CA), 2012. Lives of the Writers: Comedies, Tragedies (and What the Neighbors Thought), illustrated by Kathryn Hewitt, Harcourt (San Diego, CA), 1994.V Is for Victory: America Remembers World War II, Knopf (New York, NY), 1995. Lives of the Artists: Masterpieces, Messes (and What the Neighbors Thought), illustrated by Kathryn Hewitt, Harcourt (San Diego, CA), 1995. Wilma Unlimited: How Wilma Rudolph Became the World's Fastest Woman, illustrated by David Diaz, Harcourt (San Diego, CA), 1996. Lives of the Athletes: Thrills, Spills (and What the Neighbors Thought), illustrated by Kathryn Hewitt, Harcourt (San Diego, CA), 1997. Wish You Were Here: Emily's Guide to the Fifty States, illustrated by Amy Schwartz, Doubleday (New York, NY), 1997. Lives of the Presidents: Fame, Shame (and What the Neighbors Thought), illustrated by Kathryn Hewitt, Harcourt (San Diego, CA), updated edition 2011. They Saw the Future: Psychics, Oracles, Scientists, Inventors, and Pretty Good Guessers, illustrated by Kyrsten Brooker, Atheneum (New York, NY), 1999.A Kid's Guide to America's Bill of Rights: Curfews, Censorship, and the 100-Pound Giant, illustrated by Anna DiVito, Avon Books (New York, NY), 1999. Lives of Extraordinary Women: Rulers, Rebels (and What the Neighbors Thought), illustrated by Kathryn Hewitt, Harcourt (San Diego, CA), 2000. M Is for Music, illustrated by Stacy Innerst, Harcourt (Orlando, FL), 2003. Harvesting Hope: The Story of Cesar Chavez, illustrated by Yuyi Morales, Harcourt (San Diego, CA), 2003. The Boy on Fairfield Street: How Ted Geisel Grew Up to Become Dr. Seuss, illustrated by Steve Johnson and Lou Fancher, Random House (New York, NY), 2004. A Woman for President: The Story of Victoria Woodhull, illustrated by Jane Dyer, Walker (New York, NY), 2004. Houdini: World's Greatest Mystery Man and Escape King, illustrated by Eric Velasquez, Walker (New York, NY), 2005.Pocahontas: Princess of the New World, illustrated by David Diaz, Walker (New York, NY), 2007. Fartiste: An Explosively Funny, Mostly True Story, (with Paul Brewer) illustrated by Boris Kulikov, Simon & Schuster (New York, NY), 2008. Hillary Rodham Clinton: Dreams Taking Flight, illustrated by Amy June Bates, Simon & Schuster (New York, NY), 2008. The Road to Oz: Twists, Turns, Bumps, and Triumphs in the Life of L. Frank Baum, illustrated by Kevin Hawkes, Knopf (New York, NY), 2008. The Boy Who Invented TV: The Story of Philo Farnsworth, illustrated by Greg Couch, Knopf (New York, NY), 2009. A Boy Named FDR: How Franklin D. Roosevelt Grew up to Change America, illustrated by Steve Johnson and Lou Fancher, Knopf (New York, NY), 2011. Kubla Khan: Emperor of Everything, illustrated by Robert Byrd, Viking (New York, NY), 2010.Lincoln Tells a Joke: How Laughter Saved the President (and the Country), (with Paul Brewer) illustrated by Stacy Innerst, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt (Boston, MA), 2010. Lives of the Pirates: Swashbucklers, Scoundrels (Neighbors Beware! ), illustrated by Kathryn Hewitt, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt (Boston, MA), 2010. The Brothers Kennedy: John, Robert, Edward, illustrated by Amy June Bates, Simon & Schuster (New York, NY), 2010. Big Wig: A Little History of Hair, illustrated by Peter Malone, Arthur A. Levine Books (New York, NY), 2011. Jim Henson: The Guy Who Played with Puppets, illustrated by Steve Johnson and Lou Fancher, Random House (New York, NY), 2011. The Beatles Were Fab (and They Were Funny) co-authored with Paul Brewer, illustrated by Stacy Innerst, Harcourt Children (Boston, MA), 2013 Giants of Science series Leonardo da Vinci, illustrated by Boris Kulikov, Viking (New York, NY), 2005.Isaac Newton, illustrated by Boris Kulikov, Viking (New York, NY), 2006. Sigmund Freud, illustrated by Boris Kulikov, Viking (New York, NY), 2006. Marie Curie, illustrated by Boris Kulikov, Viking (New York, NY), 2008. Albert Einstein, illustrated by Boris Kulikov, Viking (New York, NY), 2009. Charles Darwin, illustrated by Boris Kulikov, Penguin (New York, NY), 2010. Benjamin Franklin, illustrated by Boris Kulikov, Penguin (New York, NY), 2012. References External links <mask> at Reading Rockets with short biography, video interview, list of books <mask> Papers finding aid at the Children's Literature Research Collections, University of Minnesota Libraries 1952 births 2021 deaths American children's writers American book editors American science writers Charles Darwin biographers People from Fort Leonard Wood, Missouri People from Wilmette, Illinois Writers from San Diego Lawrence University alumni

Ottorino Respighi

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<mask> ( , , ; 9 July 187918 April 1936) was an Italian composer, violinist, teacher, and musicologist and one of the leading Italian composers of the early 20th century. His compositions range over operas, ballets, orchestral suites, choral songs, chamber music, and transcriptions of Italian compositions of the 16th–18th centuries, but his best known and most performed works are his three orchestral tone poems which brought him international fame: Fountains of Rome (1916), Pines of Rome (1924), and Roman Festivals (1928). <mask> was born in Bologna to a musical and artistic family. He was encouraged by his father to pursue music at a young age, and took formal tuition in the violin and piano. In 1891, he enrolled at the Liceo Musicale di Bologna, where he studied the violin, viola, and composition, was principal violinist at the Russian Imperial Theatre, and studied briefly with Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov. He relocated to Rome in 1913 to become professor of composition at the Liceo Musicale di Santa Cecilia. During this period he married his pupil, singer Elsa Olivieri-Sangiacomo.In 1923, Respighi quit his professorship to dedicate time to tour and compose, but continued to teach until 1935. He performed and conducted in various capacities across the United States and South America from 1925 until his death. In late 1935, while composing his opera Lucrezia, Respighi became ill and was diagnosed with bacterial endocarditis. He died four months later, aged 56. His wife Elsa outlived him for almost 60 years, championing her late husband's works and legacy until her death in 1996. Conductor and composer Salvatore Di Vittorio completed several of Respighi's incomplete and previously unpublished works, including the finished Violin Concerto in A major (1903) which premiered in 2010. Biography Early years Respighi was born on 9 July 1879 at 8 Via Guido Reni, an apartment building to the side of Palazzo Fantuzzi.He was the youngest child of Giuseppe and Ersilia (née Putti) Respighi. His brother Alberto died at age nine, and he had one sister, Amelia. His parents came from artistic families; his maternal grandfather and great-grandfather were distinguished sculptors, and his paternal grandfather was a cathedral organist. Giuseppe was an accomplished pianist and teacher who encouraged his son's musical inclinations, giving basic tuition in piano and violin from an early age. To his father's initial disappointment, Respighi showed little interest in music until he was almost eight. Shortly after Respighi began formal violin tuition, he quit abruptly after his teacher hit him on the hand with a ruler when he played a passage incorrectly. He resumed lessons several weeks later, this time with a more patient teacher.His piano skills, too, were a hit-and-miss affair initially, but his father arrived home one day and was surprised to find his son performing the Symphonic Studies by Robert Schumann; Respighi had learned to play the piece in secret. Respighi quickly took to other instruments; for example, he learned to play the harp in the course of several days. Life in Bologna, 1890–1913 Respighi was schooled at Ginnasio Guinizelli in Bologna for two years from October 1890. In 1891, he enrolled at the Liceo Musicale di Bologna, where he studied the violin and viola for the next seven years with his teacher, Federico Sarti. Among Respighi's earliest completed and dated compositions at this time were and for orchestra. Four years into his course at the Liceo Musicale, Respighi began classes in musical composition with Giuseppe Martucci, the Liceo's director, and music history with Luigi Torchi. By the time he reached twenty, Respighi was performing in the orchestra at the Teatro Comunale di Bologna.Martucci, a proponent of Bologna's musical life and composer of non-operatic Italian music, became an influential figure for the young Respighi. In 1899, he received a diploma in the playing of the violin. By this time, Respighi had developed a fondness for languages, demonstrated by his large book collection, which contained atlases and dictionaries. In his lifetime, Respighi became fluent in eleven languages and read literature in all of them. In the winter of 1900, Respighi accepted the role of principal violist in the orchestra of the Russian Imperial Theatre in Saint Petersburg during its season of Italian opera. While there he met Russian composer Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov, whom Respighi greatly admired, and studied orchestration and composition with him over the course of five months. Respighi returned to Russia in the winter of 1902 for further performances and received more tuition from Rimsky-Korsakov; both meetings heavily influenced his orchestrations.Respighi finalised his studies at the with an advanced course in composition, for which he completed ("Prelude, Chorale and Fugue"), written under Rimsky-Korsakov's guidance. The piece was first performed as part of Respighi's final examination in June 1901, and was a resounding success. The 21-year-old Respighi then received his diploma in composition and Martucci said of the composer: "Respighi is not a pupil, Respighi is a master." In 1902, Respighi travelled to Berlin where he received brief tuition from composer Max Bruch. Despite sources incorrectly stating that he studied with Bruch in 1908, Respighi's wife would later state that Respighi in fact did not study with Bruch at all. From 1903 to 1908, while his local reputation as a composer grew, Respighi's principal activity was his place as first violinist in the Mugellini Quintet, a touring five-piece founded by composer Bruno Mugellini. Respighi remained with the chamber group until he moved to Rome in 1913.In 1906, Respighi completed his first of many transcriptions of pieces by 17th and 18th century composers; his version of "Lamento d'Arianna" by Claudio Monteverdi for voice and orchestra became his first international success during his visit to Berlin two years later. This second stay in Germany lasted for almost one year from September 1908 after Hungarian soprano Etelka Gerster invited him to work as an accompanist at her singing school, which influenced his vocal compositions. The composer met Arthur Nikisch, then conductor of the Berlin Philharmonic who arranged to conduct the Monteverdi transcription on stage with famed singer Julia Culp as soloist. The critical success of the performance encouraged Respighi to have his other transcriptions of older works performed in Berlin and this is considered to be a milestone in the rediscovery of Monteverdi's output. The musical influence from Respighi's stay in Germany is discernible in his second operatic work, Semirâma. The opera was premiered in Bologna in November 1910 to considerable success; two years later, critic Giannotto Bastianelli wrote that the piece marked a transition in Respighi's style from verismo to Decadentism and praised his use of rich polyphony. Working on the opera, however, left Respighi exhausted and he wrote each individual score by hand to save money.At the post-performance banquet, the composer fell asleep. It is thought that Respighi's inconsistent sleeping patterns throughout his life may have been caused by narcolepsy. In 1910, Respighi was involved in a short lived group named the Lega dei Cinque, which also included Ildebrando Pizzetti, Gian Francesco Malipiero, Giannotto Bastianelli, and Renzo Bossi. Life in Rome, 1913–1918 In January 1913, Respighi left Bologna to become professor of composition at the Liceo Musicale di Santa Cecilia in Rome, a position that he held for almost a decade. Composers Vittorio Rieti and Daniele Amfitheatrof were among his students during this time. The busy atmosphere of Rome unnerved Respighi, however, and composing and teaching became increasingly difficult. He became withdrawn, suffered from irregular sleep, and wished to return to Bologna.Later in 1913, Respighi went back to Germany for some performances and then upon returning to Rome, turned his attention primarily on composition. In 1915, composer Alfredo Casella returned to Rome after living in France for many years. He joined the staff at the and wished to modernise Italian music as a result of his travels. Despite showing little interest, Respighi had a small involvement in Casella's new organisation, the Società Italiana di Musica Moderna. When Italy entered World War I in May 1915 Respighi, aged 36, was eligible to join the army, though his position at the Liceo Musicale granted him temporary exemption from military service. After a holiday in more peaceful surroundings for the summer, Respighi returned to Rome to continue teaching. One of his new students in his fugue and composition class was Elsa Olivieri-Sangiacomo; the two started a relationship and Elsa, fourteen years his junior, married the composer in January 1919.Their friend, librettist Claudio Guastalla, spoke of their marriage: "It functioned on an almost transcendental level of human and spiritual harmony." Respighi was deeply saddened by his mother's death in March 1916. On hearing that she had become ill he delayed his departure from Rome and by the time he arrived in Bologna, she had already died from pneumonia. Respighi returned to Rome and went back to work, but this would not last and he returned to Bologna. Elsa recalled Respighi retiring to bed and refusing to eat or see anyone. He recovered in Eremo di Tizzano, a religious retreat in the country hills some 20 km south of Bologna. While there, he composed the short piece for organ.In a letter to his friend, singer Chiarina Fino Savio, from January 1917, Respighi wrote: "I am alone, sad and sick." In the midst of such difficult times, a turning point in Respighi's career arrived on 11 March 1917 when the first of his Roman trilogy of tone poems, Fountains of Rome, was premiered in Rome with conductor Antonio Guarnieri. The premiere was originally scheduled in late 1916, but an audience riot during the first half of the concert due to their distaste for German music caused the show to end early. Respighi's disappointment with the lukewarm response from the audience fuelled his effort to start on a follow-up. Following the premiere, Respighi made a short tour of Italy and Switzerland with a group of musicians, including violinist Arrigo Serato, pianist Ernesto Consolo, and Fino Savio. Upon returning to Rome, he resumed work at the until the end of that academic year. While on vacation in Bologna in the summer of 1916, Respighi visited Viareggio to meet Russian ballet impresario Sergei Diaghilev, operator of the Ballets Russes, who wished to stage new productions based on the baroque and classical periods.Respighi accepted a sum of 1,500 lire from Diaghilev and contributed orchestrations of the piano works from Péchés de vieillesse by Gioachino Rossini which formed the basis of the music to a new ballet, La Boutique fantasque. The commission for Diaghilev may have inspired Respighi to gather scores for what would become Suite No. 1 of his Ancient Airs and Dances, a trilogy of orchestral suites transcribed from lute pieces by 16th century Italian composers. Suite No. 1 premiered in December 1917 in Rome, after which the full score was somehow lost and Respighi was forced to re-write it using individual orchestral parts. Rise to fame, 1918–1925 An important milestone in Respighi's career took place when Arturo Toscanini asked the composer to have one of his compositions performed in a series of twelve concerts in Milan in February 1918. Respighi reluctantly picked Fountains of Rome, which had thus far only been performed at its 1917 premiere.The concert was a huge success and placed Respighi as one of the leading Italian composers of the early 20th century, prompting the start of a longterm, though sometimes tumultuous, relationship with Toscanini. Two months after the concert, Respighi allowed Casa Ricordi to publish the score of the tone poem in a deal that granted the composer 40% of the rental and performance rights of the work. Respighi succumbed to illness soon after with a mild case of Spanish flu. By the summer of 1918, Respighi had entered negotiations to translate and publish Italian versions of Theory of Harmony (1922) by composer Arnold Schoenberg and a book on musical counterpoint by Sergei Taneyev, but these never materialised. In the summer of 1919, Respighi reconnected with Diaghilev in Naples to discuss another commission for the Ballets Russes. This time, Diaghilev wished to stage a revised version of Le astuzie femminili by Domenico Cimarosa, which concluded with a series of dances based on Russian musical themes. Respighi accepted, and provided new arrangements of the ballet score which premiered in Paris in 1920.Respighi was also commissioned to score for a revival of La serva padrona by Giovanni Paisiello, which also had a Russian connection. He delivered the finished manuscript one month late, in March 1920. However, Diaghilev had decided against a full stage production and used the music as part of a series of different songs and dance numbers. The score was shelved and considered lost until it was rediscovered 90 years later, after which it was performed in full in August 2014 in Bologna. In January 1921, Respighi and Elsa began their first tour as joint performers, marking Elsa's debut as a performing concert artist. They were joined by violinist Mario Corti. The tour saw dates across Italy, followed by Prague, Brno, and Vienna.The time away from his teaching duties at the Liceo Musicale in Rome led to his employers issuing a letter suggesting he return to fulfil them for the remaining months of the academic year. By 1921, Respighi had begun a lifelong friendship with the writer and journalist Claudio Guastalla, who encouraged him to compose a new opera and offered to write its libretto. This created a spell

Ottorino Respighi

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of productivity and Respighi eagerly completed Belfagor, his first opera in a decade, without the spells of depression that usually affected him once he had finished a work. Guastalla would exclusively write the libretto for all of Respighi's future operas, and influence the conception or programmes for some of his non-operatic compositions. In October 1921, Respighi and Elsa relocated to a flat in Palazzo Borghese in Rome which they named (The Pines). In the following January, despite the possibility of further objections from the Liceo Musicale, they went on another tour, this time performing in Czechoslovakia. When Benito Mussolini came to power later in 1922, Respighi steered a neutral course towards the Fascist government.His growing international fame allowed the composer some level of freedom, but at the same time encouraged the regime to exploit his music for political purposes. Respighi vouched for more outspoken critics such as Toscanini, allowing them to continue to work under the regime. In 1923, Respighi became the first director of the now state-funded in Rome. He disliked the time consuming administrative duties that the position required; in 1926, he resigned to dedicate more time to compose. Respighi continued to teach an advanced composition course at the conservatory until 1935. Respighi's second Roman tone poem, Pines of Rome, premiered in December 1924 at the Augusteo Theatre in Rome. It went on to become one of his most widely known and recorded pieces.In 1925, he collaborated with Sebastiano Arturo Luciani on an elementary textbook entitled Orpheus. International recognition, 1925–1936 By the mid-1920s, Respighi's growing worldwide fame encouraged the composer to travel extensively, conducting his own pieces, or performing as soloist for his piano compositions. He made his first visit to America in December 1925 to perform and conduct a series of concerts; his first took place at Carnegie Hall on 31 December as soloist for the premiere of his piano and orchestral work, Concerto in modo misolidio ("Concerto in the Mixolydian Mode"). In May 1927, Respighi and Elsa travelled to Brazil to engage in a concert series of his own music in Rio de Janeiro. The musical style and local customs inspired Respighi, who told the press of his intention to return in the following year with a five-part orchestral suite based on his visit. Respighi did return to Rio, in June 1928, but the composition was finalised in the form of an orchestral work in three movements entitled ("Brazilian Impressions"). In September 1927, Respighi conducted the premiere of his ("Botticelli Triptych"), a three-movement orchestral piece inspired by three paintings by Sandro Botticelli located in Vienna.He dedicated it to American pianist Elizabeth Sprague Coolidge, the patron for the work. In November 1928, <mask> returned to America for the premiere of his piano and orchestral work, ("Toccata for Piano and Orchestra"). It took place that month at Carnegie Hall with Willem Mengelberg conducting the New York Philharmonic Orchestra with the composer as soloist. By the year's end Respighi completed his third Roman tone poem, Roman Festivals, composed in just nine days. It premiered on 21 February 1929 at Carnegie Hall in New York City with Arturo Toscanini conducting the New York Philharmonic. The Italian premiere followed on 17 March. Having completed the work, Respighi felt that he had incorporated the "maximum of orchestral sonority and colour" from the orchestra and could no longer write such large scale pieces.It was at this time he started to favour compositions for smaller ensembles. At the end of 1929, <mask> had conductor Serge Koussevitzky forward a proposal to Sergei Rachmaninoff which involved permission to orchestrate a selection of pieces from his two Études-Tableaux (Op. 33 and Op. 39) sets for piano. An enthusiastic Rachmaninoff accepted the offer and supplied Respighi with the program descriptions behind five pieces which were previously kept secret. Koussevitzky conducted Respighi's orchestrations, entitled , for the premiere with the Boston Symphony Orchestra in November 1931. He wrote that Respighi's arrangements were "very good" and demanding of the orchestra, which required eight rehearsals.Rachmaninoff thanked Respighi for his work and in particular, for being faithful to the original scores. Later in 1930, Respighi completed a commission piece to commemorate the fiftieth anniversary of the Boston Symphony Orchestra. The result was Metamorphoseon, Modi XII, an orchestral piece containing a theme and eight variations. In 1932, the Fascist government honoured Respighi with membership of the Reale Accademia d'Italia, one of the highest honors awarded to the most eminent people in Italian science and culture. From 1933 until his death, Respighi completed no new compositions. Respighi's opera La fiamma ("The Flame") premiered at the Teatro dell'Opera di Roma in January 1934, with the composer as conductor. In June 1934, Respighi and Elsa made the month-long voyage to Argentina where Respighi conducted the premiere of in the following month.This was followed by a visit to Uruguay, where several orchestral concerts were arranged for radio broadcast. Respighi's final completed work was a transcription of , a cantata by Benedetto Marcello. By May 1935, Respighi had cancelled several engagements due to ill health, including a scheduled trip to conduct a series of concerts at the Hollywood Bowl in Los Angeles. By November, he had completed a piano draft and the majority of the orchestral arrangements of his next opera, Lucrezia. He had planned to work on a transcription of an opera by Francesco Cavalli that was to be staged alongside Lucrezia during the 1936–37 season at the La Scala in Milan, but declining health caused him to stop work. Neither work was completed in Respighi's lifetime; Elsa finished Lucrezia after Respighi's death with Respighi's former pupil Ennio Porrino, in 1937. Death and legacy While working on his opera Lucrezia at the end of 1935, Respighi became ill with a fever and fatigue.Subsequent medical checks in January 1936 revealed samples of S. viridans bacteria in his blood, leading to the diagnosis of subacute bacterial endocarditis, a heart infection still untreatable at the time and probably brought on by his recent throat infection and oral surgery. Respighi's health deteriorated over the next four months, during which he received three blood transfusions and experimental treatment with sulphonamides imported from Germany. Elsa made a conscious effort to hide the severity of the illness to others, except for a select few. Respighi died on 18 April in Rome, aged 56, from complications of blood poisoning. Elsa and several friends were by his side. The funeral was held two days later. His body lay in state at Santa Maria del Popolo until the spring of 1937, when the remains were re-interred at the Certosa di Bologna, next to poet Giosuè Carducci.Inscribed on his tomb are his name and crosses; the dates of his birth and death are not given. Elsa survived her husband for nearly 60 years, unfailingly championing her husband's works and legacy. A few months after Respighi's death, Elsa wrote to Guastalla: "I live because I can truly still do something for him. And I shall do it, that is certain, until the day I die." However, Italian governments following Mussolini's death in 1945 distanced themselves from nationalistic composers, placing Respighi in a group among those including Malpiero, Ildebrando Pizzetti, and Pietro Mascagni and newspapers protested against honours bestowed upon Elsa. Despite this, in 1961, the twenty-fifth anniversary of Respighi's death, Elsa donated a collection of unpublished and incomplete manuscripts to the Liceo Musicale in Bologna, now the Conservatorio G. B. Martini, where Respighi had studied. In 1969, she helped establish the Fondo Ottorino Respighi, a foundation at the Fondazione Cini in Venice which included a large number of letters and photographs documenting her husband's career.Elsa was also at the forefront of the Respighi centenary celebrations in 1979 to commemorate the 100th anniversary of Respighi's birth, though it was opposed by some political factions. She later said that "musical progressives with left-wing political sympathies" tried to discredit Respighi's legacy. The commemoration saw a number of long-neglected works of his performed and recorded for the first time. Elsa died in 1996, one week short of her 102nd birthday. In 1993, Swiss conductor Adriano founded the Respighi Society in London in an effort to make Respighi's "life and works [...] better known and understood by the dissemination of accurate and impartial information." It has since been dissolved. In March 2000, a commemorative plaque was unveiled on Via Guido Reni in Bologna, Respighi's birthplace.In 2006, Italian conductor and composer Salvatore Di Vittorio was approached by Respighi's great-nieces, Elsa Pizzoli Mazzacane and Gloria Pizzoli Mangini, who, along with Respighi archiver and cataloger Potito Pedarra, commissioned Di Vittorio to complete several of Respighi's incomplete and previously unpublished compositions. This included the Violin Concerto in A major from 1903, which was premiered in 2010 with Di Vittorio conducting the Chamber Orchestra of New York, which he founded in 2006. The orchestra continues to premiere ongoing new editions by Di Vittorio of Respighi's music in premieres as well as recordings on Naxos Records. In 2008, Di Vittorio completed his Overture Respighiana, an orchestral work as an homage to Respighi. Works Opera Re Enzo (1905) Semirâma (1909) Marie Victoire (completed in 1913, but not produced until 2004) La bella dormente nel bosco (1922) Belfagor (1923) La campana sommersa (1927) Maria egiziaca (1932) La fiamma (1934) Lucrezia (1937) opera in 1 act (completed posthumously by his wife, Elsa, and his pupil Ennio Porrino) Ballet La Boutique fantasque (1918), borrows tunes from the 19th-century Italian composer Rossini. Premiered in London on 5 June 1919. Sèvres de la vieille France (1920), transcription of 17th- and 18th-century French music La Pentola magica (1920), based on popular Russian themes Scherzo Veneziano (Le astuzie di Columbina) (1920) Belkis, Regina di Saba (1932) Orchestral Preludio, corale e fuga (1901) Aria per archi (1901) Leggenda for Violin and Orchestra P 36 (1902) Piano Concerto in A minor (1902) Suite per archi (1902) Humoreske for Violin and Orchestra P 45 (1903) Violin Concerto in A major (1903), completed by Salvatore Di Vittorio (2009) Fantasia Slava (1903) Suite in E major (Sinfonia) (1903) Serenata per piccola orchestra (1904) Suite in Sol Maggiore (1905), for organ and strings Ouverture Burlesca (1906) Concerto all'antica for Violin and Orchestra (1908) Ouverture Carnevalesca (1913) Tre Liriche (1913), for mezzo-soprano and orchestra (Notte, Nebbie, Pioggia) Sinfonia Drammatica (1914) Fountains of Rome (1916) Ancient Airs and Dances Suite No.1 (1917), based on Renaissance lute pieces by Simone Molinaro, Vincenzo Galilei (father of Galileo Galilei), and additional anonymous composers. Ballata delle Gnomidi (Dance of the Gnomes) (1920), based on a poem by Claudio Clausetti Adagio con variazioni (1921), for Cello and Orchestra Concerto Gregoriano for Violin and Orchestra (1921) Ancient Airs and Dances Suite No. 2 (1923), based on pieces for lute, archlute, and viol by Fabritio Caroso, Jean-Baptiste Besard, Bernardo Gianoncelli, and an anonymous composer. It also interpolates an aria attributed to Marin Mersenne. Pines of Rome (1924) Concerto in modo misolidio (Concerto in the Mixolydian mode) (1925) Poema autunnale (Autumn Poem), for Violin and Orchestra (1925) Rossiniana (1925), free transcriptions from Rossini's Quelques riens (from Péchés de vieillesse) Vetrate di chiesa (Church Windows) (1926), four movements of which three are based on Tre Preludi sopra melodie gregoriane for piano (1919) Trittico Botticelliano (1927), three movements inspired by Botticelli paintings in the Uffizi Gallery, Florence: La Primavera, L'Adorazione dei Magi, and La nascita di Venere. The middle movement uses the well-known tune Veni Emmanuel (O Come, O Come, Emmanuel) Impressioni brasiliane (Brazilian Impressions) (1928) The Birds (1928), based on Baroque pieces imitating birds. It comprises Introduzione (Bernardo Pasquini), La Colomba (Jacques de Callot), La Gallina (Jean-Philippe Rameau), L'Usignolo (anonymous English composer of the seventeenth century) and Il Cucu (Pasquini) Toccata for Piano and Orchestra (1928) Roman Festivals (1928) Metamorphoseon (1930) Ancient Airs and Dances Suite No.3 (1932), arranged for strings only and somewhat melancholy in overall mood. It is based on lute songs by Besard, a piece for baroque guitar by Ludovico Roncalli, lute pieces by Santino Garsi da Parma and additional anonymous composers. 1 in D major (1892–98) String Quartet No. Un'idea di modernità nel Novecento'', pp. XII+246, illustrato con esempi musicali, novembre 2011, Zecchini Editore, External links OttorinoRespighi.it Amici di Respighi Fondo Ottorino Respighi Chamber Orchestra of New York "Ottorino Respighi" Ottorino Respighi String Quartet in D Major (1907) Sound-bites and discussion 1879 births 1936 deaths 20th-century classical composers 20th-century Italian composers 20th-century Italian male musicians Conservatorio Santa Cecilia faculty Conservatorio Giovanni Battista Martini alumni Deaths from endocarditis Impressionist composers Italian ballet composers Italian classical composers Italian male classical composers Italian opera composers Italian Romantic composers Male opera composers Members of the Royal Academy of Italy Neoclassical composers Musicians from Bologna Pupils of Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov 19th-century Italian male

Declan Hill

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<mask> is a journalist, academic and consultant. He is one of the world’s foremost experts on match-fixing and corruption in international sports. In 2008, <mask>, as a Chevening Scholar, obtained his doctorate in Sociology at the University of Oxford. Currently, he is a senior research fellow in anti-corruption in sports at the University of Würzburg and a professor at the University of New Haven where he has opened the Centre for Sports Integrity in the Investigations Program. His book ‘The Fix: Organized Crime and Soccer’ has appeared in twenty-one languages. <mask> was the first person to show the new danger to international sport posed by the globalization of the gambling market and match-fixing at the highest levels of professional football (soccer) including the Champions League and FIFA World Cup tournaments. Part of the book details his involvement with an Asian match-fixing gang as they travelled around the world to fix major football matches.<mask> has also published a number of academic articles, is a reviewer for Global Integrity and has probed the impact of the Russian mafia on professional ice hockey. In 2011, he pioneered the first on-line anti-match-fixing education course for Sport Accord that was eventually used by Interpol. In 2013, his second book 'The Insider's Guide to Match-Fixing' was published and immediately translated to Japanese. It is a popular version of his doctoral thesis and was dubbed by its English-language publisher as 'Freakonomics meets Sports Corruption' Personal life <mask> is a graduate of the National Theatre School of Canada, Trinity College, Toronto and University of Oxford. In his spare time, <mask> is a keen amateur boxer and leads groups of recreational and competitive fighters to train in Havana, Cuba. On March 31, 2012, <mask> won a charity boxing match that was part of the historic Trudeau-Brazeau night – as part of Fight for the Cure in support the Ottawa Regional Cancer Foundation. In 2017, he and Trudeau fought a non-judged sparring match followed by <mask> conducting an interview of Trudeau for the Toronto Star from the center of the boxing ring.Career <mask> acted in minor roles at the Shaw Festival and other Canadian theatres, then in India on the Doordshan television series ‘Bhaarat ek Khoj’. Because of his experiences in a Calcutta street clinic he gradually drifted away from theatre, becoming one of the founding volunteers of the Canadian chapter of Doctors without Borders (MSF) and then moved into journalism. <mask> worked for the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC) first as an investigative journalist at the flagship program The Fifth Estate then as an anchor for Newsworld International. His programs and articles have also appeared in The New York Times, the Toronto Star, and the BBC Radio World Service, The Guardian and the Sunday Telegraph (London), as well as various news media outlets including CNN, Le Monde, Der Spiegel, The Sydney Morning Herald, Al Jazeera, The Times, Il Manifesto, Corriere della Sera (Milan): El Pais (Madrid) Politiken (Copenhagen) Before publishing The Fix, <mask> completed documentaries on the widespread murders of Filipino journalists, the killing of the head of the Canadian mafia, blood feuds in Kosovo, ethnic cleansing in Iraq, pagan religions in Bolivia and honour killings in Turkey. He has also given presentations about sports corruption to a number of organizations including the International Olympic Committee (IOC), committees at the European Parliament in Brussels and the UK Parliament in Westminster, the Council of Europe, the Dutch Football Association (KNVB) and the Australian and New Zealand Sports Lawyers Association. <mask> is also the winner of the 2007 Canadian Association of Journalists Award for best investigative radio documentary and is an Amnesty International Canada 2003 Media Award Winner. The Play The Game Award winner for an individual who best exemplifies the qualities of sport and an honorary award from the Greek Sports Journalist Association for his role in revealing sports corruption.Public dispute In September 2013, following the arrest of match-fixers in Singapore, <mask> was interviewed on BBC Radio World Service where he claimed the Singapore Police Force to have offered protection to the accused from prosecution. This was strongly disputed by the Singapore government as baseless and challenged him to come forth with any evidence to substantiate his claims. In response to <mask>'s claims, Ronald Noble, Secretary General of Interpol said that "Those who do not recognise the commitment and resources that Singapore has devoted to identifying those believed to be responsible for match-fixing cases, or those who seek publicity -- simply to criticise every positive development that occurs in fighting match-fixing should simply open their eyes and look at the facts." <mask> responded to these accusations by saying that if they had not been providing tacit protection for the nest of home-grown fixers in their midst, then the Singaporean police must be one of the most inept law-enforcement agencies in the world. For over two years, they had ignored two international arrest warrants - strangely both were from Ron Noble's Interpol (who subsequently opened a regional headquarters in Singapore) and the well-publicized criminal trial of a Singaporean match-fixer in Finland. U.S. Helsinki Commission testimony In December 2018, <mask> testified at the bi-partisan U.S. Helsinki Commission. As part of his testimony, <mask> said that the Supreme Court’s decision to allow sports gambling in America was comparable to the repeal of Prohibition.He concluded, “I faced many similar parliamentary committees in Europe, where I warned them about a tsunami of match fixing coming to European sport. At first, they did not listen. I was the lonely Cassandra prophetess waving my arms, warning of the dangers. Now, after over 30 national police investigations, they have woken up. I believe there is a clear and present danger to U.S. sports from this globalized sports gambling market. References External links New York Times Q. & A. on Match Fixing With <mask>, Author of ‘The Fix’ How to Fix a Soccer Game Alumni of the University of Oxford Canadian expatriates in the United Kingdom Canadian journalists Trinity College (Canada) alumni University of Toronto alumni Year of birth missing (living people) Living people Canadian Quakers Place of birth missing (living people)

Jorge Manrique

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<mask> (c. 1440 – 24 April 1479) was a major Castilian poet, whose main work, the Coplas por la muerte de su padre (Verses on the death of <mask>, his Father), is still read today. He was a supporter of the queen Isabel I of Castile, and actively participated on her side in the civil war that broke out against her half-brother, Enrique IV, when the latter attempted to make his daughter, Juana, crown princess. <mask> died in 1479 during an attempt to take the castle of Garcimuñoz, defended by the Marquis of Villena (a staunch enemy of Isabel), after Isabel gained the crown. Manrique was a great-nephew of Iñigo López de Mendoza (marquis of Santillana), a descendant of Pero López de Ayala, chancellor of Castile, and a nephew of <mask>, corregidor of Toledo, all important poets of the late fourteenth and fifteenth centuries. He was, therefore, a member of a noble family of great literary consequence. The topic of his work was the tempus fugit The Minor Lyrics <mask> wrote love lyrics in the courtly-love tradition and two satires. These called canciones (songs), esparsas (short poems, generally of a single stanza), preguntas y respuestas (questions and answers), and glosas de mote (literally, "interpretations of refrains"; see villancico).The first edition of the Cancionero general of Hernando del Castillo (1511) has the most complete selection of <mask>'s poems, but some of the lyrics appear in other early editions and manuscripts. Coplas por la Muerte de su Padre Coplas por la Muerte de su Padre (English: "Stanzas about the Death of his Father") is <mask>'s best composition. In fact, Lope de Vega pronounced it in humbled admiration to its superior craftmanship, "worthy to be printed in letters of gold". It is a funeral eulogy dedicated to the memory of <mask> (his father), who died on 11 November 1476 in Ocaña. <mask> thought that his father led a life worth living. He makes a reference to three lives: the terrestrial life that ends in death the life of the fame, that lasts longer (Kleos Greek) the eternal life after death, that has no end. Stanzas 1-24 talk about an excessive devotion to earthly life from a general point of view, but features some of the most memorable metaphors in the poem.Among other things, life is compared to a road filled with dangers and opportunities and to a river that ends in the sea: I Recuerde el alma dormida avive el seso e despierte contemplando cómo se pasa la vida, cómo se viene la muerte tan callando; cuán presto se va el placer, cómo, después de acordado, da dolor; cómo, a nuestro parecer, cualquiera tiempo pasado fue mejor. O let the soul her slumbers break, Let thought be quickened, and awake; Awake to see How soon this life is past and gone, And death comes softly stealing on, How silently! Swiftly our pleasures glide away, Our hearts recall the distant day the pain The moments that are speeding fast We heed not, but the past,—the past, More highly prize. III Nuestras vidas son los ríos que van a dar en la mar, que es el morir. Allí van los señoríos derechos a se acabar e consumir. allí los ríos caudales, allí los otros medianos e más chicos, allegados, son iguales los que viven por sus manos e los ricos. Our lives are rivers, gliding free To that unfathomed, boundless sea, The silent grave!Thither all earthly pomp and boast Roll, to be swallowed up and lost In one dark wave. Thither the mighty torrents stray, Thither the brook pursues its way, And tinkling rill, There all are equal; side by side The poor man and the son of pride Lie calm and still. The section invokes general examples of human waywardness that one may encounter along the road leading to heaven or hell, but then gives some examples of infamous deaths drawn from contemporary Spanish history. These examples are introduced by the rhetorical questions called ubi sunt (Where are they?) in stanzas 15-24: XVI ¿Qué se hizo el rey don Joan? Los infantes d'Aragón ¿qué se hizieron? ¿Qué fue de tanto galán, qué de tanta invinción como truxeron?¿Que fueron sino devaneos, qué fueron sino verduras de las eras, las justas e los torneos, paramentos, bordaduras e çimeras? Where is the King, Don Juan? Where Each royal prince and noble heir of Aragon? Where are the courtly gallantries? The deeds of love and high emprise, In battle done? Tourney and joust, that charmed the eye, And scarf, and gorgeous panoply, And nodding plume, What were they but a pageant scene? What but the garlands, gay and green, That deck the tomb?The last part of the poem is devoted to his father and talks about the life of fame and the possibility of continuing to live in the memories of the living, when one is great and has accomplished great deeds while living (stanzas 25-32). The poem ends with a small dramatic dialogue in which don Rodrigo confronts a personified Death, who deferentially takes his soul to Heaven (stanzas 33-39). A final stanza (40) gives consolation to the family. The language Manrique uses is precise, exact, without decoration or difficult metaphors. It appears to focus on the content of what is said and not on how it is said. The poem has forty stanzas, each composed of twelve eight- and four-syllable lines that rhyme ABc ABc DEf DEf. Every third line is a quebrado (half line).The verse form is now known as the copla manriqueña (Manriquean stanza), because his poem was so widely read and glossed that he popularized the meter. Its alternation of long and short lines, and their punctuation, made the verses flexible enough to sound somber or light and quick. Coplas por la muerte de su padre has been translated at least twice, once by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow. The translations of stanzas I, III, and XVI provided above are by Longfellow. However, the Longfellow translation has been criticized as not being faithful to the original. Longfellow's translation is considerably more florid than the original. For example, the famous lines "Nuestras vidas son los ríos/ que van a dar en la mar,/ que es el morir," which reads in Longfellow as "Our lives are rivers, gliding free/ To that unfathomed, boundless sea,/ The silent grave!"literally translates as "Our lives are rivers/ That will lead to the sea/ Which is death." References Domínguez, Frank A. Love and Remembrance: The Poetry of <mask>. Lexington: The University Press of Kentucky, 1989. Domínguez, Frank A. "<mask>que" in Castilian Writers, 1400-1500 Vol. 286.Detroit: Gale, c2004. (The article can be accessed as well in electronic format through the database Literature Resource Center at Gale in participating libraries.) Longfellow, Henry Wadsworth. Coplas de Don Jorge Manrique. Boston: Allen & Ticknor, 1833. Marino, Nancy. <mask>'s Coplas por la muerte de su padre: A History of the Poem and Its Reception.(Colección Támesis, A/298.) Woodbridge, UK: Tamesis, 2011 Serrano de Haro, Antonio. Personalidad y destino de Jorge Manrique. Madrid: Editorial Gredos, 1966. Salinas, Pedro. Tradición y originalidad Buenos Aires: Editorial Sudamericana 1947 Brenan, Gerald. The Literature of the Spanish people, Cambridge, 1951.External links 1440s births 1479 deaths People from the Province of Palencia 15th-century Spanish poets Castilians House of Lara

Leah Horowitz

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<mask> (1715–1795), known as <mask>, was a rabbinic and kabbalistic scholar, who wrote in Yiddish. She was the author of Tkhinne imohes (Supplication of the Matriarchs). She lived in Bolechów, Poland. Life Horowitz was the daughter of <mask> (1680–1755) and Reyzel bat Heshl. Her father was a member of the famed kloiz of Brody. Horowitz was one of some seven children. Three of her brothers were rabbis, of whom the most eminent was Isaac (known as "Itsikl Hamburger", 1715–1767), rabbi of Hamburg, Altona, and Wandsbek.There was also a sister, named Pessil. There is some doubt about the identity of another brother and sister. As the sister of eminent brothers, <mask> disproves the old canard that the only educated women in her time were the daughters of learned rabbis who had no sons. <mask>'s early life was spent in Bolechów, in Polish Galicia (now Bolekhiv, Ukraine), where her father was the rabbi. When he became rabbi of Brody in 1735, his son Mordecai succeeded him as rabbi of Bolechów. <mask> remained in Bolechów, continuing to live as a young married woman in the home of her brother. Her husband at this time was Aryeh Leib, son of the rabbi of Dobromyl, Ukraine; later she was married to Shabbetai ben Benjamin ha-Cohen Rappoport, rabbi of Krasny, Russia.It is unknown whether she had any children. Scholarly work Even as a young, <mask> was renowned for her exceptional learning. In an era when many women did not learn to read, and those who did rarely learned more than the rudiments of Hebrew, <mask> studied the Talmud with commentaries and also read some kabbalistic works. The memoirist Ber of Bolechów reports that when he was a boy of twelve, <mask> helped him prepare for his Talmud lesson with her brother, the rabbi Mordecai. "She would begin to recite the words of Talmud or Rashi by heart, in clear language, explaining it well as it was written there, and I learned from her words. And when the rabbi awoke from his sleep, I knew how to explain the passage in the Talmud to him properly." In the same passage, Ber refers to her as "the learned and famous Mistress <mask>, of blessed memory".Other authors also knew of her reputation for learning. The anonymous work Sefer Ozar Sihot Hakhamim describes her as "a great scholar, well-versed in the Talmud" and recounts her Talmudic discussion with another learned lady, Dinah, the wife of Saul Halevi (chief rabbi of The Hague from 1748 to 1785). Although very few Eastern European Jewish women before the nineteenth century have left writings, <mask> was the author of the Tkhinne of the Matriarchs, an eight-page, trilingual prayer for the Sabbath before the New Moon. (As is often the case, the place and date of publication are not mentioned in most of the printed editions.) The work contains a Hebrew introduction, a piyyut (a liturgical poem) in Aramaic, and a Yiddish prose paraphrase of the poem. This text, which has historical importance as one of the few extant works written by an eighteenth-century Eastern European Jewish woman, testifies that its author was far more learned than the norm. (Another work, Tkhinne Moyde Ani, has been erroneously attributed to her.)<mask> was passionately concerned with the religious place and role of Jewish women and she was keenly aware of her own anomalous status as a learned woman. She addressed these issues explicitly in the Hebrew introduction to her tkhinne, and by implication in the Aramaic piyyut and the Yiddish paraphrase. <mask> was concerned to establish the legitimacy of her own involvement in "Torah study", that is, in Talmudic and halakhic discussion. Furthermore, this is perhaps the only pre-modern text in which an Ashkenazic woman discusses the significance of women's prayer, the proper way for women to pray and the circumstances under which women should and should not submit to their husbands' authority. However, <mask>'s arguments were largely lost to her contemporaries. After the first few editions, the Hebrew introduction and the Aramaic piyyut were no longer printed, leaving only the Yiddish portion of the text. Presumably, most women could not read Hebrew or Aramaic, while most men were not interested in reading a tkhinne by a woman, even if a portion of it was in the Holy Tongue.Nonetheless, in her Hebrew introduction <mask> argues that women's prayer has the power to bring the messianic redemption if women learn to pray "properly". She states further that because women's prayer can bring the redemption, women should pray in synagogue every day, morning and evening, and she laments the fact that this is not the practice in her day. <mask> has a kabbalistic understanding of prayer: true prayer is not for human needs, but for the reunification of the sundered sephirot (divine attributes) of Tiferet and Shekhinah. Because most women have little knowledge of mystical literature and concepts, <mask>'s purpose in writing this text is to teach women without specialized knowledge how to pray properly, that is, for the sake of the redemption of the Shekhinah from her exile, with weeping. Following kabbalistic sources, <mask> attributes great power to tears. Elaborating on what was already a focus of women's piety, the blessing of the new moon in synagogues, she provides a framework that she believed could bring redemption. In the Yiddish portion of her text (accessible to her female readers), <mask> laments the bitterness of the exile and names the New Moon as a time of favor.The protection of each of the four biblical matriarchs is invoked. The central model she presents is the midrashic trope of the children of Israel going into exile, weeping at Rachel's grave. Rachel, a common symbol for the Shekhinah, then entreats the Holy Blessed One (Tiferet), with tears, to redeem the Israelites from their exile. He is so moved by her plea that He agrees to bring the redemption. <mask> suggests that women in her day should follow the example of the children of Israel, and of "our faithful Mother Rachel". Together with <mask>'s images of the other matriarchs, her Yiddish tkhinne, like her introduction, combines an appreciation of women's traditional roles with an assertion that women have far more spiritual power than is usually recognized. References Sources https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/judaica/ejud_0002_0009_0_09238.html http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/653224/Yiddish-literature 1715 births 1795 deaths Yiddish-language writers Kabbalists 18th-century Polish Jews Jewish women writers

Alex McLeish

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<mask> (born 21 January 1959) is a Scottish professional football manager and former player. Born in Glasgow, McLeish played as a central defender for Aberdeen during their 1980s glory years, making nearly 500 League appearances for the club, and won 77 caps for Scotland. <mask> started his managerial career with spells at Motherwell and Hibernian, before guiding Rangers to two championships and five cup wins in five years. <mask> spent ten months as manager of the Scotland national team which narrowly failed to qualify for the finals of the 2008 UEFA European championship. He then resigned this post in November 2007 to become manager of Birmingham City, who were in the Premier League at the time. Though Birmingham were relegated at the end of the season, <mask> guided them back to the Premier League in 2009. Birmingham then won the 2011 Football League Cup Final, but were relegated again from the Premier League at the end of the 2010–11 season.Following this relegation he resigned his post at Birmingham to become manager at their city rivals, Aston Villa. This made him the first manager to move directly from Birmingham City to Aston Villa, and only the second manager after Ron Saunders to manage both clubs. Having only narrowly avoided relegation in the 2011–12 Premier League season, his contract was terminated by Villa at the end of his first season. <mask> was appointed manager of Championship club Nottingham Forest in December 2012, but left after 40 days by mutual consent. He managed Belgian Pro League club Genk in the 2014–15 season, and Zamalek of the Egyptian Premier League in 2016. He then had a second stint as Scotland national team manager. In recognition of his distinguished service to Scottish sport, in 2008 <mask> was awarded an honorary doctorate by the University of Aberdeen.Early years <mask> was born in Duke Street Hospital, Glasgow to parents <mask>, a shipyard worker, and Jean. He has younger siblings Angela and Ian. After living in the Parkhead and Kinning Park districts of the city, the family moved to Barrhead, Renfrewshire soon after McLeish had reached school age. He attended Springhill Primary, Barrhead High School – where he was one year below future Aberdeen and Scotland teammate Peter Weir – and John Neilson High School in Paisley. As a juvenile he played for Barrhead Youth Club, alongside Weir, and Glasgow United as well as training for a short period with Hamilton Accies. After a local cup final with Glasgow United in 1976 which was watched by a delegation from Aberdeen, including then manager Ally MacLeod, McLeish signed for the Pittodrie club the following day. Playing career Club McLeish spent the majority of his first two seasons at Aberdeen in the reserves and also had a loan spell at local Junior side Lewis United.He made his competitive debut under Billy McNeill in a New Year fixture against Dundee United on 2 January 1978. His first major final appearance was under the management of <mask> as a substitute in a 2–1 defeat to Rangers in the 1978–79 League Cup and most of his appearances during the 1970s were as a midfielder, with Willie Garner and Doug Rougvie preferred in defence. However <mask> eventually made the centre-back position his own, and over the next seven seasons he enjoyed great success, winning eight domestic and two European trophies. Highlights included scoring in a 4–1 victory over Rangers in the 1982 Scottish Cup Final on his 200th Dons appearance, and a vital goal against Bayern Munich during the campaign leading to the European Cup Winners' Cup win over Real Madrid in 1983. During this period, McLeish formed a formidable defensive triumvirate with Willie Miller and Jim Leighton for both club and country. Even after he had won his first Scotland cap, <mask>'s father asked then Aberdeen boss <mask> to persuade him to continue training as an accountant. When Ferguson left in 1986 to go to Manchester United, he tried to get McLeish to sign, but it did not work out; he also had talks with Tottenham Hotspur.A testimonial match was arranged for <mask> in December 1988, with the club's 'Gothenburg' (Cup Winners' Cup) squad taking on an 'International legends' team. He won the Scottish player of the year in 1990, after a season in which Aberdeen won both domestic cups. He became captain of Aberdeen after the retirement of Willie Miller. His 692 competitive appearances for the club ranks as the second-most in its history (100 behind Miller, but almost 100 more than Bobby Clark). International <mask> is Scotland's third most capped player, having gained 77 international caps between 1980 and 1993. He was first capped for the Scotland under-21 team while still a reserve player at Aberdeen by his former club manager Ally MacLeod, eventually gaining six caps at that level. His full international debut came on 26 March 1980 against Portugal, manager Jock Stein playing him in midfield alongside Archie Gemmill and Graeme Souness.He played in three World Cups with Scotland, in 1982, 1986 and 1990. He is a member of the Scottish Football Hall of Fame, the Scotland national football team roll of honour and Scottish Television's fan poll Scotland's Greatest Team. On the occasion of his 50th cap, against Luxembourg in 1987, McLeish was appointed team captain for the game. His final cap came on 17 February 1993 in a 3–0 win over Malta at Hampden Park during the 1994 World Cup qualifiers. Management career Motherwell After his successful playing career he quickly went into football management with Motherwell in 1994, one year before he retired as a player. His first season at Motherwell saw him take the Lanarkshire club to second in the Premier Division behind Walter Smith's Rangers. However, he failed to build on this success and the next two seasons were spent in relegation battles.He resigned as manager to take over at Hibernian in 1998. Hibernian McLeish took over a struggling Hibernian side, which was relegated from the Scottish Premier Division in 1998 despite a slight upturn in fortunes under McLeish. He then guided the Edinburgh team back to the Scottish Premier League at the first attempt by winning the First Division championship. Hibernian consolidated in their first season back in the top division, finishing mid-table and reaching the Scottish Cup semi-final. In the 2000–01 season, Hibs started very strongly. Eventually they had to settle for third place and a Scottish Cup final appearance. This performance attracted the attention of bigger clubs, including West Ham United and Rangers.McLeish attracted players such as Russell Latapy and former French international Franck Sauzée to Hibs. He also helped develop young striker Kenny Miller, who would later go on to play for Scotland. During this period McLeish worked towards and was awarded a UEFA Pro Licence. Rangers His work at Hibs was noticed, and he was linked with several moves to England, before he was appointed as Rangers manager in December 2001 after outgoing Rangers manager Dick Advocaat recommended McLeish to chairman David Murray. McLeish was an instant success at Rangers, winning both the Scottish Cup and Scottish League Cup in his first season, but the big prize of the league title was essentially lost before his arrival. His second season saw him go one better when he won the domestic treble, with the help of players such as Ronald de Boer and Barry Ferguson. Rangers' worsening financial state saw many of his top players leave in the summer of 2003.Celtic won the league comfortably in season 2003–04, and Rangers failed to win any trophies. <mask> was consequently put under pressure from fans after his poor signings and a record run of seven consecutive Old Firm derby losses to Celtic. The high-profile Bosman signings of Jean-Alain Boumsong and Dado Pršo in the close season of 2004–05 gave Rangers renewed hope of regaining the title from Celtic's grasp. <mask>'s team won the 2005 league title on a dramatic last day, an outcome that had looked highly unlikely after Rangers fell five points behind leaders Celtic with just four games remaining. After this unexpected success, <mask> and his Rangers team headed into the 2005–06 SPL campaign as favourites to retain the championship. McLeish made a number of signings, including Julien Rodriguez and Ian Murray, despite having little money to spend. After a reasonable start to the season, including a win over Celtic, Rangers suffered a series of poor results between September and November.This period included a club record of 10 games without a win. However the tenth match of this run, a 1–1 draw with Inter Milan in the Champions League, took Rangers into the knockout stages of the tournament for the first time. Despite the poor domestic form, <mask> guided Rangers to the last 16 of the Champions League, where they were defeated on the away goals rule by Villarreal. They became the first Scottish team to progress this far in the European Cup since 1993, and the first Scottish team to progress through a European group stage. In December, chairman David Murray publicly announced his support for McLeish. Rangers then went on a good run of results in December and January. This run of good results came to a sudden halt when they were defeated 3–0 by Hibernian in the Scottish Cup, prompting protests outside Ibrox against both <mask> and David Murray.On 9 February 2006, it was announced by chairman David Murray that <mask> would be standing down as manager at the end of that season. It was later announced that he would be succeeded by former Olympique Lyonnais manager Paul Le Guen. Rangers beat Hearts 2–0 at Ibrox Stadium in his final match as manager. Scotland national team <mask> said after leaving Rangers that he would not manage another Scottish club, because he felt that he had achieved everything in the Scottish game. He was linked in the media with a number of managerial positions in England while he worked as a television pundit for the BBC and Setanta Sports. <mask> took charge of the Scotland national team on 29 January 2007. His assistants in the job were Roy Aitken and Andy Watson.<mask>'s first game in charge of the national team was a UEFA Euro 2008 qualifying match, a 2–1 victory against Georgia on 24 March 2007 at Hampden Park. His second game was an away fixture against Italy on 28 March 2007 which ended in a 2–0 defeat. <mask>'s Scotland side then went on to defeat the Faroe Islands away in June, Lithuania at home in September before recording a historic victory in Paris four days later by defeating France 1–0 in the Parc des Princes. James McFadden's 64th-minute strike from 30 yards was enough to earn Scotland the win and returned them to the top of Group B with three games to play. This result has been hailed as one of the Scotland national team's greatest victories. Scotland's next success was at home to Ukraine, winning 3–1 at Hampden on 13 October. <mask> suffered his second defeat as manager, away in Georgia on 17 October.This result left Scotland facing a decider against the World Champions, Italy. Scotland lost the game 2–1, <mask>'s last, and Italy qualified for the finals. Birmingham City Premier League club Birmingham City's approach to the SFA for permission to speak to McLeish about their managerial vacancy was refused, but on his return on 27 November 2007 from attending the draw for 2010 FIFA World Cup qualification in South Africa, he resigned his post as manager of Scotland and was announced as Birmingham's new manager the following day. His assistants with Scotland, Roy Aitken and Andy Watson, were to accompany him. McLeish said he wanted to return to working with players on a daily basis and had "always harboured a desire" to manage in the Premier League. He enjoyed a positive managerial debut with Birmingham, winning 3–2 away to Tottenham Hotspur. In the January 2008 transfer window, McLeish strengthened Birmingham's squad, buying David Murphy and James McFadden and signing Argentina under-20 international Mauro Zárate on loan, while generating funds by allowing fringe players to leave.He was unable to save Birmingham from relegation, despite the team recording an impressive 4–1 victory over Blackburn Rovers on the last day of the season. McLeish changed the club's backroom staff and training procedures, appointed David Watson as goalkeeping coach, and overhauled the scouting setup, bringing in Paul Montgomery – the scout who recommended a relatively unknown Didier Drogba to West Ham United – to oversee player recruitment. On the final day of the 2008–09 season, McLeish secured Birmingham's return to the top flight of English football at the first attempt with a 2–1 away victory over Reading. By mid-January 2010, he had guided them to a 12-game unbeaten run, a club record in the top division, set a Premier League record by selecting the same starting eleven for nine consecutive games, and been named Premier League Manager of the Month for December 2009, the first Birmingham manager to receive the award. By the end of the season <mask> had led Birmingham to ninth place, their highest finish for more than 50 years. Following Birmingham's success during the 2009–10 season, McLeish agreed a new three-year deal with the club in September 2010. In February 2011, McLeish led Birmingham to victory in the League Cup, defeating favourites Arsenal 2–1 in the final at Wembley in what he described as "relatively speaking, ... [his] greatest achievement".However, a poor run of form followed the League Cup win, and Birmingham were relegated to the Championship on the last day of the 2010–11 season. The directors confirmed that <mask> would keep his job, and would be expected to return the club to the Premier League at the first opportunity. <mask> however opted to quit Birmingham City on 12 June 2011 by email. Aston Villa On 17 June 2011, Aston Villa appointed <mask> as manager, just five days after leaving their local rivals Birmingham City. There was much controversy surrounding his appointment as Birmingham City claimed <mask> was still under contract and filed a complaint against Aston Villa to the Premier League while Villa claimed McLeish was a free agent. Aston Villa fans protested outside Villa Park and anti-McLeish graffiti had to be removed from outside Villa's training ground. McLeish made out of favour Manchester City goalkeeper Shay Given his first signing, and then recruited winger Charles N'Zogbia.<mask>'s first competitive game as Villa manager ended in a 0–0 draw with Fulham at Craven Cottage. He gained his first Premier League win as manager of Villa in a 3–1 win over Blackburn Rovers. Following victory over Blackburn, Villa drew their next four Premier League games until winning against Wigan 2–0. Aston Villa finally ended their unbeaten start with a 4–1 defeat away at Manchester City. <mask>'s side secured a surprise win over Chelsea just before signing LA Galaxy striker Robbie Keane on loan. Keane helped to secure Villa a crucial win against rivals Wolves in a 3–2 victory. <mask> led the 2011–12 Villa team to 16th place in the Premier League, avoiding relegation by two points, and set an unwanted club record of only four home wins.<mask>'s contract was terminated on 14 May, the day after the season ended. The reasons cited for his termination were the poor results and style of play used throughout his term as manager. Nottingham Forest <mask> was appointed manager of Football League Championship club Nottingham Forest on 27 December 2012. His first game in charge was on 29 December 2012, a 2–2 draw against Crystal Palace at the City Ground, with Billy Sharp scoring an injury-time equaliser for Nottingham Forest. <mask> earned his first win as Nottingham Forest manager on 12 January 2013, a 2–1 victory against Peterborough at home. <mask> took charge of his only East Midlands derby against Derby County on 19 January 2013, drawing 1–1 at Pride Park. On 2 February 2013, after a 2–1 defeat to former club Birmingham City on his first return to St Andrew's, he refused to commit his future to Nottingham Forest and claimed he was unhappy.This came after the Nottingham Forest board pulled out of a deal to sign George Boyd on the final day of the January transfer window. On 5 February 2013, he left the club by mutual consent. Genk <mask> stated in November 2013 that he would like to re-enter football management in some capacity, in England, Scotland or abroad. In August 2014, he was appointed manager of Belgian club Genk. <mask> made his managerial debut on 30 August, in which Genk drew Oostende 1–1 away. It was reported in March 2015 that <mask> would leave Genk at the end of the 2014–15 Belgian Pro League season, as the club had failed to qualify for the Championship play-offs, although they did reach Europa League play-offs. Zamalek <mask> was appointed manager of Egyptian Premier League club Zamalek on 28 February 2016.After a series of poor performances from the team, he was sacked on 2 May with ten matches of the season remaining. Scotland national team (second spell) <mask> was reappointed Scotland manager on 16 February 2018, on a two-year contract. Scotland won their 2018–19 UEFA Nations League group under McLeish, but he was sacked on 18 April 2019 following a 3–0 defeat by Kazakhstan. Outside of football McLeish had a cameo appearance in the Laurel and Hardy biopic Stan & Ollie, after a chance meeting with director and Aberdeen FC fan Jon S. Baird on a flight. In the film, McLeish can be briefly seen reading a newspaper in the lobby of the Savoy Hotel behind Steve Coogan. During the 2014 Scottish independence referendum McLeish was a supporter of the Better Together campaign against Scottish independence. players Association football central defenders Aston Villa F.C.managers Belgian First Division A managers Birmingham City F.C. managers Egyptian Premier League managers English Football League managers Expatriate football managers in Belgium Expatriate football managers in Egypt Hibernian F.C. managers K.R.C. Genk managers Lewis United F.C. players Living people Motherwell F.C. managers Motherwell F.C. players Nottingham Forest F.C.managers People from Barrhead Premier League managers Rangers F.C. managers Scotland B international footballers Scotland international footballers Scotland national football team managers Scotland under-21 international footballers Scottish expatriate football managers Scottish Football Hall of Fame inductees Scottish Football League managers Scottish Football League players Scottish football managers Scottish footballers Scottish Premier League managers Footballers from Glasgow Zamalek SC managers Sportspeople from East Renfrewshire

Rachida Triki

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<mask>, also known as <mask> (born 24 March 1949) is a Tunisian philosopher, art historian, art critic, and art curator. She is a full Professor of Philosophy at Tunis University, specialized in Aesthetics. Biography and career <mask> graduated from the University of Paris 1 Pantheon-Sorbonne in 1971. Her thesis was titled, Aesthetics and Politics at the Renaissance, and was directed by . In 1983 she obtained her PhD from University of Paris 1 Pantheon-Sorbonne. In 2001, she obtained a Habilitation in Philosophy from Paris 8 University, under the direction of . Since 2010, <mask> is full Professor of Philosophy at Tunis University.She is the founder and president of the Tunisian Association of Aesthetics and Poetics (ATEP), the vice president of the International Association of Poetics (SIP), member of the executive board of the Euro-Mediterranean association for Art History and Aesthetics (AEPHAE), and delegate in the executive board of International Association for Aesthetics (IAA). <mask> is also an art critic and a curator specialized in North African Art. In 1994, she has co-produced a series of 24 documentaries about the Tunisian painters in their workplace. She also has been the curator of numerous international art exhibitions in Europe and Africa. She has also been advising visual art foundations and nominating Artists for various international Awards. Currently she is acting as advisor for a Kamel Lazaar Foundation and nominator for Prix Pictet 2013 and for Prince Claus Awards 2013. She has organized numerous international meetings on the contemporaneous problems of the creation in Arts, and has published books and articles on the subject.She is also a member of editorial boards of “Recherches poïétiques” and “Art’in”. During the Tunisian revolution 2011, <mask> <mask>, as a president of the Tunisian Association of Aesthetics and Poetics initiated an appeal for the democratization of culture, for the support of free and independent art criticism, and for the encouragement of young artists and cultural NGOs. Bibliography Authored L'image: Ce que l'on voit, ce que l'on crée (The Image: What is seen, what is created), Larousse, Paris, 2008. L'esthétique du temps pictural (The aesthetics of the pictorial time), Tunis, 2001. Paintings in Hasdrubal, Tunis 2002 (translated into French, Arabic and German). Les femmes peintres en Tunisie (Women painters in Tunisia) CREDIF Tunis 2001. L'esthétique et la question du sens (Aesthetic and sense), Arcantères, Paris, 2000 Esthétique et politique à la Renaissance (Aesthetic and political in Renaissance), Publications de l'Université de Tunis, Tunis 1986.Edited Poïètique artistique et citoyenneté , Wassiti Edition, Tunis, 2012 Le contemporain des arts , Wassiti Edition, Tunis, 2011 Orient Occident, Les arts dans le prisme exogène (Orient/Occident), Wassiti Edition, Tunis, 2008. Poïétique de l’existence, Stratégie des arts contemporains (Contenporain art strategy), Beit elHekma, Tunis, 2008. Philosopher en Tunisie aujourd'hui (Doing philosophy in Tunisia today) Revue Rue Descartes n°61, Paris 2008. Quelle pensée dans la pratique des arts? (Thinking Arts), ATEP, Tunis, 2007. Poïètique de l'existence, Stratégies contemporaines des arts , SONUMED Edition, Tunis, 2006 Espaces et mémoires (Spaces and Memory), Maghreb Edition, Tunis, 2005. Creation, hasard et necessité (Creation, luck and necessity), Tunis, 2003.Arts and transcréation (Arts et transcréation), Wassiti, Tunis, 2001. Critique et création (Criticism and creation), CPU, Tunis, 2000. Création et culture (Creation and culture), Arcantères Paris, 1994. Patrimoine et création (Patrimony and creation), Edilis, Lyon, 1992. Filmography In 1994 <mask> <mask> has co-produced a series of 24 documentaries for the national Tunisian TV (RTT). Each documentary explores a Tunisian painter's work. It contains interviews of the painter, scenes of the creation process, and critics of art works.Exhibitions 2013: Curator for the Land Art event "De Colline en Colline, 24h pour l’art contemporain" (From hill to hill, 24h for the Contemporary Art), Sidi Bou Saïd / Takrouna / Chénini, Tunisia, Mars 2013. 2011: Curator for the exhibition "Photographies contemporaines en Tunisie" (Contemporary photography in Tunisia), National Centre of Living Art, Tunisia, octobre 2011. 2010: Curator for North Africa for Dak'Art 2010, The 9th Biennale of Contemporary African Art. Dakar, Senegal. 2010: Curator for Contemporary Art exhibition La Part Du Corps, Tunis City Museum 2009: Curator for Contemporary Art exhibition Proximity, Tunis City Museum. 2008: Co-curators for Bienal Pontevedra of Contemporary Arts, Spain (Artists: Nadia Kaabi, Halim Karabibène, Nicène Kossentini, Mouna Karray, Mouna Jmal and Sana Tamzini). 2007: Curator for North Africa, at National Museum of Mali, Bamako, Contact Zone (Artists: Hassen Echair, Dalal Tangour, Ammar Bouras).2006: Curator for Poïétique de l’existence, Hammamet, (Tunisia) (Artists: Abderrazek Sahli, Taïeb Ben Hadj Ahmed, Nicéne Kossentini, Amel Bouslama). 2004: Co-curator for Paysages croisés, Centre Culturel Arabe, Paris (Artists: Faten Chouba, Eliane Chiron, Jean Le Gac, Fadoua Dagdoug). 2002: Organisation of monographic exhibition for the artist René Passeron, Eros et le tragique, In images (1946 – 2002) in Galerie Hasdrubal, Hammamet, Tunisia 2000: Co-curator for Lumières tunisiennes Hôtel de ville, Paris (Artists: Aly Ben Salem, Najib Belkhodja, Ridha Bettaëb). 1999: Co-curator for D’ici et de là-bas : miroir tunisien at Espace Alizés, Brussels, (Artists: Mohamed Trigui, Samira Lourini, Nja Mahdaoui, Faouzia Hichri, Adel Magdiche). 1998: Organisation of exhibition L’effet Olivier at Moulin Mahjoub, Tébourba Tunisia: (Artists: Nja Mahdaoui, Abderrazak Sahli, Chadli Elloumi, Ridha Bettaïb, Aïcha Ibrahim). 1994: Organisation of monographic exhibition for the artist Dhia Azzawi, porte-folio Aboul Kacem Al Chabbi, Galerie La Kasbah, Sfax Tunisia 1991: Organisation of exhibition Patrimoines at Academia of Art Beit al Hikma, Carthage (Tunisia) (Khaled Ben Slimane, Nja Mahdaoui, Faouzia Hichri, Abderrazek Sahli). References External links Official website Further reading University of Ferrara European culture congress Wroclav ,Poland, 2011 L'image ce que l'on voit, ce que l'on crée, Rachida Triki, Larousse 2008 Doing philosophy in Tunisia today, Rachida Triki, Revue - Horizons Rue Descartes n°61, Paris 2008.Rachida Triki talk at the North African and Middle Eastern Curatorial Symposium MOMA New York 2007 Rachida Triki Q&A at the North African and Middle Eastern Curatorial Symposium MOMA New York 2007 Transkulturalität und Kreation: Die bildenden Künste im Maghreb La poïétique comme science et commme philosophie de la création: actes du Premier Colloque international de poïétique, Editions Poïésis, 1991 International Association for Aesthetics Newsletter No. 28 – Spring 2005 ARTbibliographies Modern v. 19, no. 2 - 1988 Souveraineté et sujet créateur Revue ARCHES Tome 8 2005 ARTANK Quels lieux pour les arts, aujourd’hui? ARTANK L’art et le virtuel dans notre espace comme utopie de réenchantement Alwifaqonline interview with Rachida Triki International Association for Aesthetics Transculturalité et création : le cas des arts plastiques au Maghreb by Rachida <mask>. International Congress of Aesthetics 2007 <<Aesthetics Bridging Cultures>> Paysages croisés. La part du corps Le régime postcolonial des arts et les usages de la modernité by Rachida <mask>. Unha mutabilidade creadora, Bienal de Pontevedra 2008, Sen Fronteiras, España A creative mutability, Pontevedra Art Biennial 2008, Without borders, Spain 1949 births African art curators Living people Philosophers of art Pantheon-Sorbonne University alumni Tunis University faculty Tunisian philosophers Tunisian women philosophers 20th-century philosophers 21st-century Tunisian philosophers Art historians Women art historians 20th-century women writers 21st-century women writers University of Paris alumni

Katherine D. Ortega

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<mask> (born July 16, 1934) is a former politician who was the 38th Treasurer of the United States. She served from September 26, 1983 to July 1, 1989 under Presidents Ronald Reagan and then George H. W. Bush. <mask> also has the distinction of being the first female bank president in the state of California. Early life <mask> was born in Tularosa, New Mexico to <mask> and <mask>. She was one of nine children. Her family had originally come to New Mexico when the area still comprised a territory. Ortega's paternal grandfather arrived from Texas in the 1880s while on her mother's side, her great-grandfather Luciano had been one of the original settlers of Tularosa in 1862.Ortega's father, a former Justice of the Peace in nearby Bent, opened a blacksmith shop in Tularosa in 1928. By the 1940s, he owned a small restaurant with a dance hall attached in which the entire family worked. Ortega began to work in the restaurant at age 10, operating the cash register. Originally, Ortega grew up speaking only Spanish. She later learned English when she entered the local elementary school. As a teenager, Ortega worked as a teller at Otero County State Bank in order to earn enough money for college. She attended Eastern New Mexico University and graduated with honors in 1957 with a bachelor's degree in Business and Economics.Initially wanting to become a teacher, Ortega was dismayed by repeated instances of discrimination and, instead, opened a small accounting firm in Alamogordo with one of her sisters, a certified public accountant. The family had already relocated to that town when her father moved the growing restaurant business there in the 1940s and opened a furniture store. Banking career In 1968, Ortega moved to Los Angeles where she became a CPA and joined the firm of Peat, Marwick, Mitchell & Company as a tax supervisor. She also worked as a cashier at Pan American National Bank, a financial institution founded in 1963 by Romana Acosta Bañuelos. Ortega became vice president of the bank in 1971 the same year that Bañuelos was sworn-in as U.S. Treasurer. Finally, in 1975, <mask> became president of Santa Ana State Bank, the first woman chief executive of a bank in the state. Ortega returned to New Mexico in 1977 in order to help run the family accounting firm.Under her stewardship, the company grew into the Otero Savings and Loan Association and, by 1983, had assets of $20 million. During this time, Ortega garnered numerous academic and business accolades for her efforts. Political appointments <mask> was involved in Republican Party politics from an early age. "I was born a Republican," she has been quoted on several occasions. She often credited her father, a lifelong Republican, with her decision to join the Party. Ortega worked for Republicans at local and state levels initially as a type of low-key liaison to women and Hispanic groups in New Mexico. After her return to her home state, she became involved in the 1978 re-election campaign of Sen. <mask>i.In time, the senator became something of a political benefactor. In April 1982, <mask> was named to a 10-person Presidential Advisory Committee on Small and Minority Business Ownership by President Ronald Reagan. In December, she was appointed one of five members and chair of the Copyright Royal Commission, a federal agency established in 1976 to set royalty fees for the cable television and music entertainment industries. In 1983, Sen. <mask>, by that time chairman of the Senate Budget Committee, put forth <mask>'s name for the post of U.S. Treasurer. She was officially nominated by President Reagan on September 12 of that year. U.S. Treasurer <mask> was sworn in on October 3, 1983 (however, she is listed by the Treasury Department as having begun her term on September 26). She was the tenth consecutive woman and the second-ever Hispanic to hold the office.At her swearing-in ceremony, three previous U.S. Treasurers attended: Francine Irving Neff, Bañuelos, and her immediate predecessor, Bay Buchanan. While Treasurer, Ortega oversaw a $220 million budget, raised $40 million toward the restoration of the Statue of Liberty, and helped to design a new currency to aid in preventing counterfeiting. She also spearheaded the effort to have the West Point Bullion Depository designated as an official United States Mint. Although soft-spoken in personal conversation, Ortega became known for her rhetorical speaking skills in public. "Her low-key authenticity works magic with an audience," one Treasury Department official is quoted as saying. In 1984, she was chosen to be the keynote speaker at that year's Republican National Convention- the first Hispanic woman to deliver the lead speech at a national convention. This was done in part to counter the selection of prominent New York governor Mario Cuomo at the Democratic National Convention.As the highest-ranking Hispanic (until the appointment of Lauro Cavazos as Secretary of Education in 1988) and one of only a few high-profile women in the Administration combined with the largely ceremonial nature of the Treasurer's office, <mask> was one of the key personnel utilized by the White House in outreach to both the Hispanic community and women's organizations. In 1984 alone, she logged almost 60,000 miles in appearances before Republican and Hispanic groups. In 1986, <mask> conducted a study that rejected the idea of changing the colors of $50 and $100 denomination bills in order to frustrate counterfeiters and drug lords with large amounts of such type of cash. This idea would later be partially incorporated into U.S. currency during subsequent administrations. After Reagan left office, <mask> was retained by the George H. W. Bush administration and reappointed to her post on January 20, 1989. She retired from the office in July and returned to her family firm in New Mexico. Post-Treasurer years While Ortega returned to the private sector and business activities, she still maintained a low profile in political circles.In 1990, she was appointed by President Bush to serve as an Alternate Representative to the United Nations General Assembly for the duration of his administration. She also worked in an advisory capacity for the National Park Service and the non-profit organization, Executive Women in Government. <mask> served on the Boards of a number of large corporations: Ralston-Purina, Rayonier, Ultramar Diamond Shamrock, and, since 1992, Kroger. She has also continued her efforts on behalf of women in business while working at Catalyst, a business and research advisory firm. Ortega has received honorary degrees from Kean University, Villanova University, and her alma mater, Eastern New Mexico. Sicpa investigation <mask>'s years as Treasurer came partially under scrutiny in 1992 when Sen. John Glenn, then chairman of the Senate Governmental Affairs Committee, investigated irregularities in the competitive bidding process used by the Treasury Department. Sen. Glenn's committee questioned the relationship between Robert J. Leuver, then director of the Bureau of Engraving and Printing, and Maurice Amon, president of Sicpa Industries of America – the sole provider of the ink used for U.S. currency since 1982.In particular, Sen. Glenn was concerned over gifts and other gratuities received by Leuver from Amon's company. One focus of the investigation was a business trip taken to the Far East by several government and business officials, including <mask>, Leuver, and Amon, in 1985. Ortega was not implicated in any wrongdoing and Leuver was also exonerated from any impropriety during the course of the investigation. The Department of Justice declined to investigate the matter due to insufficient evidence supporting the claims. In 2002, Ortega's achievements from humble beginnings were recognized by the Horatio Alger Association of Distinguished Americans when she received the organization's Horatio Alger Award. Family life Ortega has cited her family upbringing as her chief inspiration in life: I am the product of a heritage that teaches strong family devotion, a commitment to earning a livelihood by hard work, patience, determination and . She has often singled out her father in particular, saying that "[he] taught me we were as good as anybody else, that we could accomplish anything we wanted ..." Ortega was married briefly when she returned to New Mexico in the late 1970s.In interviews, she has declined to elaborate on that part of her life, insisting only that she be referred to as "Mrs. Ortega". In 1989, she married Lloyd J<mask>, a former general counsel with Merrill Lynch and currently a board member with World Cell, a wireless communications consulting firm. She has no children. Notes External links |- 1934 births American politicians of Mexican descent Eastern New Mexico University alumni Hispanic and Latino American women in politics Living people New Mexico Republicans People from Tularosa, New Mexico Reagan administration personnel Treasurers of the United States Hispanic and Latino American people in New Mexico politics

Jeff Skinner

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<mask> (born May 16, 1992) is a Canadian professional ice hockey left winger for the Buffalo Sabres of the National Hockey League (NHL). He previously played for the Carolina Hurricanes for eight seasons, and was an alternate captain of the Hurricanes from 2016 to 2018. Selected seventh overall by the Hurricanes in the 2010 NHL Entry Draft, <mask> was the youngest player in the NHL during the season and is the youngest player ever to play in the NHL All-Star Game, as well as any All-Star game within the four major North American sports leagues. He won the Calder Memorial Trophy for best rookie in the 2010–11 season, becoming the first Hurricanes player to do so. Early life <mask> was born on May 16, 1992, to lawyers <mask> and Elisabeth Campin. He has five siblings, each of whom either are or have been involved with hockey. He is the second-youngest among those siblings, four of which are sisters: Jennifer, Andrea, Erica, and the youngest of the <mask> family, Jillian.Andrea formerly served as captain of the Cornell University women's hockey team and was named to Hockey Canada's board of directors in 2020. He also has one brother, Benjamin, who was in the Kitchener Rangers system, but now plays for the Herforder EV in Germany. Playing career Involved in both ice hockey and figure skating growing up, he won a bronze medal in the juvenile division at the 2004 Canadian Junior National Figure Skating Championships. Soon after, he made the decision to focus solely on hockey. <mask> played minor ice hockey with the Toronto Jr. Canadians and Toronto Young Nationals of the Greater Toronto Hockey League and the Markham Waxers of the Ontario Minor Hockey Association. In his midget hockey career <mask> played on the wing with future Colorado Avalanche captain Gabriel Landeskog. He played in the 2005 Quebec International Pee-Wee Hockey Tournament with Markham.Junior Coming off a successful season with the Toronto Young Nationals, <mask> was drafted 20th overall in the 2008 Ontario Hockey League (OHL) draft by the Kitchener Rangers. He made his OHL debut on September 18, 2008, where he recorded two goals and an assist in the 4–2 win over the Plymouth Whalers. By November 13, 2008, <mask> was selected to compete with Team Canada at the 2009 World U-17 Hockey Challenge, where he helped the team win a gold medal by scoring the game-winning goal. A few days later, <mask> was presented with the Rangers Academic Player of the Month Award for his academic success while attending Eastwood Collegiate. After leading the Rangers in scoring through his rookie campaign, <mask> participated in the 2009 Ivan Hlinka Memorial Tournament, scoring 6 goals for 6 points, while winning the gold medal with Team Canada. Upon his return to the Ontario Hockey League for his sophomore season, he was named an Assistant Captain alongside Mike Mascioli. During the season, <mask> scored 50 goals and led all CHL draft-eligible forwards in goal scoring.He became the first Ranger in 23 years to reach the 50-goal milestone. However, despite leading the league in goals at the time, the NHL Central Scouting Bureau ranked <mask> as the 47th best North American skater during their midterm rankings, and only 34th during the final rankings. This contrasted ratings from other organizations such as ISS and TSN's Bob McKenzie who had him much higher. Professional Carolina Hurricanes In his first year of eligibility, <mask> was drafted in the first round, seventh overall, by the Carolina Hurricanes in the 2010 NHL Entry Draft. At the time of his selection, the Hurricanes’ director of amateur scouting stated ”There’s nobody in the draft that scores goals like <mask>." During his first NHL training camp, he signed a three-year, entry-level contract with the Hurricanes on September 21, 2010, worth $2.7 million. On October 7, <mask> made his NHL debut with the opening roster in the Hurricanes' 4–3 win against the Minnesota Wild during the NHL Premiere Series in Helsinki, Finland.In 16 minutes of ice time, he had two shots. The following day, <mask> recorded his first career NHL point with an assist on Tuomo Ruutu's goal. He also scored the game winning shootout goal to become the third-youngest player in NHL history to score a shootout goal. On October 20, <mask> scored his first NHL career goal against Jonathan Bernier of the Los Angeles Kings in his fifth game of the season. Midway through his rookie campaign, <mask> was named to the 2011 All-Star Game roster as an injury replacement for Sidney Crosby, making him the first member of the 2010 draft class to be named to the All-Star Game, and the first 18-year-old NHL All-Star since Steve Yzerman. He was chosen by fellow Hurricane Eric Staal, captain of Team Staal. He was later named January 2011's NHL Rookie of the Month.At the NHL Awards ceremony on June 22, 2011, in Las Vegas, Nevada, <mask> was awarded the Calder Memorial Trophy as the NHL's top rookie, beating-out fellow rookies Logan Couture of the San Jose Sharks and Michael Grabner of the New York Islanders. At that time, he was the NHL's youngest player as well as the first Hurricanes player to ever win the Calder. After his successful rookie campaign, <mask> was named to Team Canada's National Team to compete at the 2011 IIHF World Championship, becoming the youngest player in the tournament. However, he returned to the Hurricanes lineup for his sophomore season without a medal after Canada placed fifth. <mask> began the season strong, recording 12 goals and 12 assists in 30 games to lead the team in scoring, yet it would be cut short due to a hit by Andy Sutton. The hit which occurred during a game against the Edmonton Oilers on December 7, 2011, caused <mask> to miss time due to a concussion. He eventually returned to the Hurricanes lineup after missing 16 games on January 5, 2012.As <mask> slowly accumulated to playing again, he was suspended two games for kicking Scott Nichol of the St. Louis Blues on March 15, 2012. During the offseason, and the final year of his Entry Level Contract, <mask> and the Hurricanes agreed to a six-year contract extension worth $34.4 million which would keep him under contract until the 2018–19 season. His third season in the NHL was once again plagued with injuries as on February 14, 2013, <mask> was diagnosed with an upper-body injury, later deemed a concussion, after a game in Toronto. To begin the 2013–14 season, <mask> recorded nine points in nine games to lead the team. On December 4, 2013 <mask> earned his first career hat trick against the Nashville Predators. However, his high scoring play ended during the 2014–15 season when he sustained a concussion on a hit from Washington Capitals defenceman Matt Niskanen. He accumulated only 31 points that season and had an eight game long pointless streak.On December 11, 2015, <mask> recorded his second hat trick against the Anaheim Ducks in a 5-1 victory. Three games later, on December 15, 2015, he scored another hat trick, this time against the Philadelphia Flyers. <mask> was named alternate captain of the Hurricanes for the 2016–17 and the 2017–18 seasons. Buffalo Sabres On August 2, 2018, after eight seasons with the Hurricanes, <mask> was traded to the Buffalo Sabres in exchange for Cliff Pu, a second-round selection in the 2019 NHL Entry Draft, a third-Round pick in the 2020 NHL Entry Draft, and a sixth-round pick the same draft. In November 2018, <mask> became the second player in Sabres' history to score 20 goals before December, and the seventh player to score at least 20 goals in less than 27 games. On April 6, <mask> scored twice in the season finale against the Detroit Red Wings, upping his total to 40 goals scored on the season, the first time in his career that he has reached that mark. On June 7, 2019, <mask> re-signed with the Sabres on an eight-year, $72 million contract extension with an annual average of $9 million.He has since struggled, scoring just 21 goals and 37 points in 102 games since re signing. Personal life During his tenure with the Hurricanes, <mask> launched the '53's Difference Makers' Program, aimed to recognize local teachers at home games. Career statistics Regular season and playoffs International References External links 1992 births Living people Buffalo Sabres players Calder Trophy winners Canadian expatriate ice hockey people Canadian expatriate sportspeople in the United States Canadian ice hockey left wingers Carolina Hurricanes draft picks Carolina Hurricanes players Ice hockey people from Ontario Kitchener Rangers players National Hockey League All-Stars National Hockey League first round draft picks Sportspeople from Markham, Ontario

Vesna Pusić

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<mask> (; born 25 March 1953) is a Croatian sociologist and politician who served as First Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign and European Affairs in the centre-left cabinet of Zoran Milanović. She was Croatia's second female Foreign Minister taking the office after Kolinda Grabar-Kitarović. She is known as outspoken liberal and an advocate of European integration, anti-fascism, gender equality and LGBT rights. After becoming involved in politics in the early 1990s, <mask> served five consecutive terms as MP, having been elected to the Croatian Parliament in the 2000, 2003, 2007, 2011, 2015 and 2016 parliamentary elections. She also ran in the 2009–10 presidential election, coming in fifth out of twelve candidates. During her 2008–2011 parliament term she chaired the parliamentary committee for tracking the progress of Croatia's accession negotiations with the European Union. She also held the post of Vice-President of the European Liberal Democrat and Reform Party (ELDR).Early life and education <mask> <mask> was born on 25 March 1953 in Zagreb to jurist and university professor Eugen <mask> and Višnja (née Anđelinović) <mask>, a professor of English language. She graduated from II Gymnasium in 1971, after which she enrolled in Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences from which she graduated with a degree in sociology and philosophy in 1976. In 1984, she obtained a doctorate in sociology at the same faculty (PhD Thesis: "The Role of Collective Decision-making in the Realization of Workers' Interests"). Professional career After graduation, <mask> worked from 1975 to 1979 as a member of the International Research Group doing research on industrial democracy in twelve European countries. From 1976 to 1978 she was a researcher at the Institute of Sociology at the University of Ljubljana in Slovenia. Since 1978 she has been working at the Sociology Department of the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences and teaching courses in the Theory of Industrial Democracy and the Sociology of Politics. In 1978, <mask> was one of seven women who initiated the first feminist organization in SFR Yugoslavia Žena i društvo (Woman and society) and was widely criticized by the authorities at the time.From 1992 to 1994, she served as Head of the Department of Sociology of the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences. Since 2010 she is still formally affiliated with the University of Zagreb, but not teaching due to her active involvement in the politics. <mask> lectured at the University of Chicago, Cornell University, American University, The New School, International Forum for Democratic Studies, Foreign Service Institute, Georgetown University, Wilson Center, and MIT Sloan School of Management. Political career <mask> <mask> was one of the 28 founding members of the liberal Croatian People's Party (HNS-LD) in 1990, after participating in the Coalition of People's Accord. She left party politics in 1992, but rejoined the same party in 1997 and was later its president between 2000 and 2008, and again since 2013. She first entered the Croatian Parliament in the 2000 parliamentary election, and has been reelected in 2003, 2007, 2011, and 2015. In 1992 <mask> was the co-founder and director of the Erasmus Guild, a nongovernmental, nonpartisan think-tank for the culture of democracy, and the publisher and editor of the journal Erasmus, focusing specifically on different issues of transition in Croatia, countries of former Yugoslavia and Eastern Europe.Erasmus Guild ceased operations in 1998. In 2005 and 2008, she was made Chairwoman of the National Committee for EU negotiations, the body that oversees accession negotiations and is composed of members of parliament as well as representatives of the President, the academic community, employers, and union representatives. In 2006 and 2008 she was elected vice-president of ELDR. In the Croatian presidential election, 2009–2010, <mask> was the HNS-LD candidate. She won 7.25% in the first round, placing fifth out of twelve candidates, and was thus eliminated from the second round. After Kukuriku coalition won the 2011 parliamentary elections, <mask> served as Minister of Foreign and European Affairs in the center-left Cabinet of Zoran Milanović. After Radimir Čačić was expelled from the Croatian People's Party on 23 March 2013 because of his attempts to destabilize the party, <mask> become party president once again.<mask> was reelected to the Parliament on 2015 parliamentary elections and served as a Deputy Speaker of the Croatian Parliament between 3 February 2016 and 14 October 2016. She was reelected to the Parliament at the 2016 extraordinary parliamentary elections. After HNS decided to enter coalition with conservative Croatian Democratic Union party, <mask> left HNS and with three other MPs was co-founder of the new social-liberal and centre-left party: the Civic Liberal Alliance. She continued to be an MP until the 2020 parliamentary election, when she chose to retire from politics instead of opting to run for re-election. UN Secretary-General candidature On 3 September 2015 the Croatian Government decided to nominate <mask> as the official Croatian candidate for the 2016 UN Secretary-General selection. Her nomination was officially submitted on 14 January 2016. The UN's role in the Haiti cholera outbreak has been widely discussed and criticized.There has been indisputable evidence that the UN is the proximate cause for bringing cholera to Haiti. Peacekeepers sent to Haiti from Nepal were carrying asymptomatic cholera and they did not treat their waste properly before dumping it into Haiti's water stream. When asked if Haitian cholera victims should be compensated, Ms. Pusic initially indicated that they should be, but then said the question should be studied further by expert panels; "it has been studied for years, and the United Nations has claimed immunity from prosecution." Another issue that has been brought up is the sexual exploitation and abuse by UN peacekeepers. This gross problem was brought to light after Anders Kompass exposed the sexual assault of children by peacekeepers in the Central African Republic. She was asked about her stance on peacekeepers' accountability during the UN Secretary General informal dialogues. Palestine, the United Kingdom, and the United States all asked about how she would tackle the issue of sexual abuse by peacekeepers.<mask> repeatedly referred to the three reports that have addressed peacekeeping SEA, citing that she would follow and implement much of the same principles. For one, she stated that peacekeepers who have committed atrocities against their people should not be allowed to serve as peacekeepers within a certain number of years. She also emphasized a strong command structure and a faster reporting and processing of cases. <mask> participated in the UN debate that was held on 12 July 2016. On the question of the Hungarian ambassador to the UN concerning which way of leadership is needed by the UN and the world, <mask> replied that standards have dropped in the past 20 years, stating that "phrases and lack of accountability are currently very popular. I believe that we do not want leadership that is based on platitudes and speaking only what people want to hear. ", adding that today's leaders need vision, persistence and courage.She stated that she wanted to be Secretary-General because the UN topics of peace, human rights and development have taken center stage throughout her life. When commenting on the UN's International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY), she stated that the court wasn't perfect, but that it would have been much worse without it, adding that it sent an important message; "If you commit a war crime, you will be caught." <mask> expressed her concern about the wave of cynicism in current national and international politics. In addition, she stated that being a female candidate was important, and noted that the UN had been dominated for 50 years by men. After receiving 11 'discourage' votes on a first informal closed-door straw poll of the 15-member UN Security Council that was held on 21 July 2016, <mask> decided on 4 August 2016 to withdraw from the race and focus on the 2016 extraordinary parliamentary elections. Activism <mask> <mask> is very popular in the Croatian LGBT community. In 2011, Zagreb Pride attenders awarded her with the "gay friendly person of the decade".She has been regular attendant at Zagreb LGBT pride. Her brother Zoran is a civil rights and peace activist, serving as President of the Civic Committee for Human Rights, and chairman of the Anti-Fascist League of the Republic of Croatia since 21 March 2015. Private life <mask> is married to a Lithuanian-American entrepreneur Jurgis Oniunas with whom she has a daughter Daina who is a film director. She speaks Croatian, English, and German fluently. In 2017 French President François Hollande awarded <mask> with the highest order of France, Legion of Honour for "advocating European goals and contributing to the co-operation between France and Croatia." During the awarding ceremony held on 17 January 2018 in the residency of the French Ambassador in Zagreb, French ambassador to Croatia Philippe Meunier stated: "You knew how to convey the European values and the tolerance we share, our shared values - your condemnation of hate speech, your interest in cooperating with minorities, your concern for the value of cultural and ethnic diversity in Croatia, and your humane speech about accepting refugees." Bibliography Democracies and Dictatorships, Durieux, Zagreb 1998 The Leaders and the Managers, Novi Liber, Zagreb 1992 Industrial Democracy and Civil Society, Sociološko društvo Hrvatske, Zagreb 1986.Industrial Democracy in Europe, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1981 (co-author) European Industrial Relations, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1981 (co-author) References External links |- |- |- 1953 births Living people Politicians from Zagreb Candidates for President of Croatia Croatian People's Party – Liberal Democrats politicians Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Zagreb alumni Female foreign ministers Foreign ministers of Croatia Representatives in the modern Croatian Parliament University of Zagreb faculty Women government ministers of Croatia Croatian women diplomats 21st-century Croatian women politicians

Michael Healy-Rae

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<mask> (born 9 January 1967) is an Irish Independent politician who has been a Teachta Dála (TD) for the Kerry constituency since 2016, and previously from 2011 to 2016 for the Kerry South constituency. He previously served as Chair of the Committee on European Union Affairs from 2016 to 2020. Prior to entering national politics, he was involved in local politics in County Kerry and pursued business interests. Family life He is the youngest son of Jackie Healy-Rae, who was a TD for Kerry South from 1997 to 2011, and a brother of Danny Healy-Rae who is also a TD. His mother, Julie Healy, was born in Wilmington, Delaware, U.S., but grew up in New York City, New York. He has 5 children, two of whom were found guilty and convicted of assault charges in 2019. His son, Jackie junior, was elected as a councillor for Castleisland LEA at the 2019 Kerry County Council election.Local politics Healy-Rae is a former member of Kerry County Council, and was first elected to the Council at the 1999 local elections, representing the Killorglin local electoral area. He retained his seat with an increased vote at the 2004 local elections. Reality television In autumn 2007, <mask>-Rae took part in a reality television show on RTÉ called Celebrities Go Wild, set in the "unforgiving landscapes" of Connemara, County Galway. He emerged as the winner, having received the largest number of votes from the "viewing public". In June 2011, news broke of a voting scandal, for which journalist Senan Molony received the award for "Scoop of the Year" at the National Newspapers of Ireland's Journalism Awards. It was revealed that Healy-Rae had received 3,636 votes, from a phone in Leinster House, at a cost of €2,600 to the Irish taxpayer, the premium-rate calls being charged on a tariff designed to raise money for charity. Only limited information was available as to how the calls were made.Speculation that an automated dialler had been employed was discounted by the Irish Independent, which suggested they were made over 31 hours using "redial". The Ceann Comhairle Seán Barrett, described it as "an outrageous abuse of facilities", while the Taoiseach Enda Kenny, said the money spent on the calls should be paid back. On 29 June 2011, Healy-Rae said that while he was not involved in the calls, he would pay the money back. In October 2017, Healy-Rae appeared on Livin' with Lucy. National politics Healy-Rae was elected for the Kerry South constituency at the 2011 general election, when his father Jackie retired from national politics. He, like fellow Independents <mask> and Noel Grealish, were not members of the Technical group in the 31st Dáil. He missed two-thirds of votes in his first Dáil term, despite being signed in for his expenses on each day a vote was taken.Healy-Rae was appointed to the board of the Citizens' Information Board in April 2009. He was asked twice to resign his position from the board because of a conflict of interest between his subsequent membership of the Dáil and his membership of a body advising the Minister for Social Protection. After he refused to resign, the Minister dismissed him in July 2011. On 9 December 2011, having earlier participated in a debate on social welfare, he took ill at Leinster House and was advised to leave the Dáil chamber. Health minister James Reilly, a medical doctor, tended to him outside the chamber, he was brought from Leinster House on a stretcher, placed in an ambulance and rushed to St. James's Hospital. His political platform includes opposition to tighter controls on drinking and driving. His father and brother have also expressed similar views on such legislation.In January 2012, Healy-Rae proposed changing Ireland's number plate system so that the supposedly unlucky number 13 would be dropped for the year 2013 to save the Irish car industry. Healy-Rae has raised The Hum in Dáil Éireann after witnessing it himself while meeting some of his constituents who were "nearly gone out of their minds" with it. The official response he received, was described by Healy-Rae as "away with the fairies gobbledygook." He topped the poll in Kerry at the 2016 general election; his brother Danny was elected alongside him. This was the first time that two siblings from the same constituency were elected to the Dáil. A short while later, on the evening of 20 March 2016, <mask>-Rae experienced being unintentionally "tossed around by a cow" who was after calving in a shed at his farm near Kilgarvan. He was taken to hospital with his injuries.At the general election in February 2020, he topped the poll again, and was re-elected on the first count. Property Development In February 2018, <mask>-Rae listed 11 properties for letting or rental and two either being renovated or awaiting planning permission in the register of TDs’ interests. In March 2020, it was reported that he had added three properties to his portfolio in the 2019 Register of TD's interests, bringing the number of properties to 21. The three new properties include a house in Clonkeen for which purchase was going through contract stage, a house in Tralee at the same stage and a property in Kilgarvan that is in the process of being renovated. In May 2020, he was refused planning permission to convert the ground floor of Nancy Myles Pub in the Ballymullen area of Tralee. The plan was for four apartments and had met with strong local opposition. The council's decision was appealed by a number of locals and a conservation organisation.The majority of the decision to refuse was based on the grounds that the proposal would not allow the residents enough natural light or amenity standards. It was the second time the appeals board has overturned a decision by Kerry County Council to grant him a change of use for the pub. In February 2021 the Register of Members Interests was published, covering 2020, revealing that he remained the largest landlord in the Dáil, with 5 plots of land, 16 properties. A quarter of TDs are landlords or property investors. Other interests He has also listed in the register of TDs interests that he is a postmaster, farmer, plant hire business operator and shop owner. His plant-hire business has worked for the Health Service Executive and he has a contract for providing fuel to Kerry County Council. In May 2020, a complaint was lodged with the clerk of the Dáil over his failure to declare his interest in The Skellig Hotel Experience, a company that ran the Skellig Star Hotel in Cahersiveen.He had a 25% share in the company after investing €25,000 in January 2019, but there was no entry for his shareholding on the Oireachtas Register of Interests. Oireachtas members are required to declare any shareholding over €13,000. When controversy over the leasing of the hotel <mask>-Rae said that he was not involved in the leasing of the hotel, but he later accepted the Skellig Hotel Experience held the lease. The company was sold in December 2019 to Paul Collins who runs Direct Provision centres. <mask>-Rae was adamant that he had no knowledge that it would be converted into a Direct Provision centre. Other In December 2019, he was transferred to hospital after a fire at his shop. In May 2020, he called for the Leaving Certificate exams in 2020 to be cancelled due to COVID-19, in contrast to his brother Danny who said that the exams should go ahead in 2020 with proper social distancing, possibly using public buildings such as community centres and libraries.Publications Time to Talk: Stories from the Heart of Ireland, Gill, Ireland 2018. A Listening Ear: More Stories from the Heart of Ireland, Gill, Ireland 2019. References 1967 births Living people <mask> Independent TDs Irish people of American descent Local councillors in County Kerry Members of the 31st Dáil Members of the 32nd Dáil Members of the 33rd Dáil Participants in Irish reality television series Politicians from County Kerry

O. C. Barber

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<mask> (April 20, 1841 – February 4, 1920) was an American businessman, industrialist and philanthropist. He was called "America's Match King" because of his controlling interest in the Diamond Match Company, which had 85 percent of the market in 1881. He founded the city of Barberton, Ohio in 1891 and moved his manufacturing plant there in 1894. It produced 250 million matches per day. He also founded the Akron City Hospital. Biography <mask> (called O.C.) was born the second son of George and <mask> in Middlebury, a small Ohio village later annexed by Akron.His father made matches by hand, which his sons sold door to door. O.C. received a common school education, and at age 15 began working for his father. At age 16, O.C<mask> became the company salesman. At 20, he was a partner in the business, and by 21 the general manager. The company had difficulties through the American Civil War, and O.C.'s older brother, George H<mask>, who was a soldier, died of dysentery, one of the many war casualties of disease. By 1880 the Barber Company had become the biggest match-producing company in Ohio and one of the largest in the nation. Unregulated competition made it difficult for the Barber Company to keep stable. In 1881, the Barber Company and 11 other match-producing companies merged into the Diamond Match Company, which dominated the match market, holding 85 per cent of the U.S. Market. <mask> was long a leader in his own home town, Akron. He was, for many years, president of the First National Bank of Akron, and when it was consolidated with the Second National Bank under the name of the First-Second National Bank he was unanimously elected to the presidency of the combined institutions. To expand manufacturing operations, <mask> purchased a large area from Norton Township founding the city of Barberton in 1891.He intended it to be a model for industrial and residential development. <mask> developed its early stages through The Barberton Land and Improvement Company. Within a few years, the city had expanded with industrial and residential areas, growing at such a rate it was nicknamed "Magic City". It attracted many new immigrants to its industrial jobs. In 1894 <mask> moved his match-making plant from Akron to Barberton, which helped the city's economy. The factory produced 250 million matches each day. In 1889, <mask> founded and organized the American Straw Board Company.He was one of the early manufacturers of rubber products, and organized and managed the Diamond Rubber Company up to the time of its acquisition by the B. F. Goodrich Company. The sewer-pipe and steel-tube industry next engaged his attention, and he became a western pioneer in this line of endeavor. He founded the Stirling Boiler Company which was merged with the Babcock & Wilcox Boiler Manufacturing Company of Barberton and Bayonne, New Jersey, the concern thus becoming the largest manufacturer of steel boilers in the world. For a number of years, they constructed four-fifths of the product used by the United States Navy. One of the biggest achievements of <mask>'s career, particularly from the humanitarian and economical standpoints, was the establishment, with Frederick Grinnell and others, of the General Fire Extinguisher Company. <mask> was the founder and sole owner of the O. C. Barber Concrete Company, whose plant at Barberton was said to be the largest of its kind in the world. It also made art works in concrete.He originated the O. C. Barber Fertilizer Company, of Barber, Virginia. He also undertook the development of large tracts of land in and about the city of Canton, Ohio, in connection with which he has organized and operated a large plant under the name of the O. C. Barber Allied Industries Company. Some of these lands contain valuable coal, lime, and clay properties. He was the originator and guiding spirit of Barber Subways, at Cleveland. His plans called for the building of an underground system of subways connecting every railroad entering Cleveland, at the Lake Front, thus facilitating the handling of freight, and the establishment of the great warehouse system on the Lake Shore, where he owned large frontages. In 1905, he began his last project, to create a scientific farm. He gradually purchased more than .In 1909, <mask> used his wealth to commission construction of a three-story, 52-room mansion in Barberton; it was completed in 18 months. Over long, the mansion was designed in the French Renaissance Revival style by the Akron architects Harpster & Bliss. It cost more than $400,000 to construct and had an area of . Among its amenities was an elevator with a glass skylight. On the grounds were gardens and a park, designed by a Chicago landscape architect firm. The extravagant building was reported by local and national papers; the New York Times called it the "finest mansion between New York and Chicago." <mask> and his family moved into the mansion in October 1910.It stood until 1965, when it was demolished. In addition, <mask> had 35 structures built as part of his experimental, scientific Anna Dean Farm, which covered . He named it after his daughter Anna and her husband, Dr. Arthur Dean Bevan. These were also in the French Renaissance Revival style, as he believed farm buildings should be both beautiful and functional. He intended to have a farm that operated as efficiently as industry. For education, he opened the grounds to the public weekly on Sundays. Many of his facilities were the largest in the world at the time, such as the greenhouses, covering and heated by the Heating House; Barn #3, long, wide and three stories high, the largest barn in the world when constructed in 1912, and the Brooder Barn's incubator.He raised 50,000 chickens, which were allowed "free range". <mask> had a barn for 140 thoroughbred Belgian draft horses, used for show and for farm work. In 1920, <mask> died at his mansion in Barberton. He willed his farm to Case Western University, intending it to serve as the basis of an agricultural college, but he failed to complete the financing before his death. Since neither his widow nor the university was able to operate the farm, the university sold most of the property. It was divided and redeveloped. Family After the American Civil War, when <mask> was 26, he married Laura Brown of Coventry, Ohio.They had one daughter Anna, the namesake years later for a lake and park in Barberton, and a son <mask>, who died young. Anna Dean Farm was named after their daughter and her husband, Dr. Arthur Dean Bevan. Laura died in 1894. After being a widower for 20 years, in 1915 <mask> married <mask>, who had worked as his secretary and shared his vision. Legacy and honors Eight of the farm buildings of Anna Dean Farm survive. Six are owned and maintained by the Barberton Historical Society, which is stabilizing them. The eight surviving buildings are Barn No.1, the Colt Barn, the Creamery, the Piggery, the Brooder Barn, the Poultry Manager's Office, the Feed Barn, and the Heating House, gradually being renovated and restored for other uses. Two are now used as private residences. The most significant, the former dairy barn, Barn No. 1, was restored in 1985 by the Yoder Brothers, horticulturalists who use it for their world headquarters. Its silos resemble castle towers and are visible from across the city. They are constructed of red brick edged in white concrete block, with royal blue trim and red tile roofing. The other barns have been structurally stabilized and at least partially restored.All but one may be renovated for other economic uses. Barberton, Ohio The Barberton Erie Depot Barber near Chico, California was named after him. He had the neighborhood built as workers' housing for the employees of the Diamond Match factory in Chico. At its peak, Barber also had orchards, shops, a swimming pool, social hall, and neighborhoods of bungalow houses. <mask> faced stiff competition by local manufacturers, and in 1908 he consolidated his operations in Ohio. The village of Barber was eventually absorbed into the town of Chico, California. He founded Akron City Hospital in 1904 and in 1906 the Akron Chamber of Commerce.References External links "O.C. Barber Mansion Collection", Summit Memory American city founders 1841 births 1920 deaths People from Barberton, Ohio American industrialists American philanthropists Burials at Glendale Cemetery, Akron People from Akron, Ohio

Dean Budnick

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<mask> is an American writer, filmmaker, college professor, podcast creator and radio host who focuses on music, film and popular culture. <mask>, who is editor-in-chief of Relix, grew up in East Greenwich, Rhode Island. Ticket Masters In April 2012, Plume/Penguin published the revised, expanded edition of <mask>'s latest book, Ticket Masters: The Rise of the Concert Industry and How the Public Got Scalped, in North America and the U.K. ECW Press issued the original hardcover edition of the book, co-authored with Josh Baron, in 2011. Ticket Masters explores the emergence of computerized ticketing and the rise of the modern concert industry. It is the first book to chronicle the origins, development and ongoing strategies of companies such as Ticketron, Ticketmaster, Live Nation and StubHub, the efforts of numerous independent competitors and bands such as the Grateful Dead, The String Cheese Incident and Phish. The Wall Street Journal reviewer Ken Kurson wrote, "A clear, comprehensive look at a murky business, the book is also an encyclopedia of information about the rise, decline and rebirth of the live music industry." Similar assessments appeared in Rolling Stone, Maclean's, Pollstar and other outlets.A revised expanded paperback edition was published by Plume in 2012. <mask> has gone on to appear as a panelist and deliver keynotes about the subject at numerous industry events, including: CMJ, the Ticket Summit, the International Ticketing Association Conference (INTIX), the IAVM Arena Management Conference, by:Larm and the International Music Festival Conference. He has commented about ticketing issues for a variety of media outlets. and also has lectured on this topic at college campuses. <mask> continues to write about ticketing and the concert industry for Billboard, The Hollywood Reporter, Variety and Bloomberg View. Roscoe "Fatty" Arbuckle <mask> has explained that the idea for Ticket Masters first came to him in the mid-1990s, while a graduate student at Harvard University's History of American Civilization program, when he explored reports of ticket scalping on Charles Dickens' final American speaking tour. <mask> happened upon such accounts (as well as those related to the "Swedish Nightingale" Jenny Lind) while writing his doctoral dissertation on Roscoe "Fatty" Arbuckle.In Direct Verdict: The Roscoe "Fatty" Arbuckle Trial Discourse, <mask>, who also earned a J.D. at Columbia Law School, worked from the original trial transcripts, dozens of newspaper reports and other primary sources to explore the silent film comic's life before and after his manslaughter trials that followed the death of actress Virginia Rappe on September 9, 1921. Directed Verdict examines not only on prevailing attitudes towards Hollywood and a new culture of celebrity but also tabloid journalism, the onset of Prohibition and the emerging, oft-contradictory roles of women in the 1920s. <mask> received his PhD in 2000 and his dissertation committee consisted of Henry Louis Gates, Werner Sollors and Ellen Fitzpatrick. After serving as a teaching fellow and tutor at Harvard, <mask> has gone on to teach at the Massachusetts College of Art and Design, Roger Williams University and the University of Rhode Island. Long May They Run podcast In September 2019, Variety reported that <mask> would be the writer and host of a new podcast titled Long May They Run. Cadence13 launched the music-themed, documentary-style podcast, with a focus on bands that thrive in the live setting.Phish is the subject of season one. Variety notes that the season "will offer a deep dive into the history of Phish as well as its impact on music culture, the industry and beyond," through over 75 interviews, including those with the band members and management. Season one launched on September 16 with "A Pattern Language" and "A Timless Way of Building" the first two episodes of the 10 slated for season one. The series immediately topped the Apple podcast U.S. music charts. The New York Times named it one of six notable podcasts to launch that month. The subject of season 2 has yet to be announced. John Popper memoir In December 2015, Billboard published an exclusive cover reveal for Suck and Blow: And Other Stories I'm Not Supposed To Tell, the autobiography of longtime Blues Traveler frontman John Popper, which <mask> co-authored.The New York Post hailed Popper's "off-beat, hilarious new memoir" in a two-page review. <mask> and Popper later discussed the book during an event at New York City's Strand Bookstore. Popper supported Suck and Blow with numerous media appearances, including a performance on Jimmy Kimmel Live! on which Popper played alongside vice-presidential candidate Tim Kaine. The Post later named Suck and Blow to its list of "The 40 best books of 2016 you must read immediately." Grateful Dead: Liner Notes, Journalism and Novel <mask> has contributed liner notes to the Grateful Dead's RFK box set and Garcia Live Volume Eight (He previously drafted liners for Matisyahu, Spin Doctors and others). A chapter on the Grateful Dead's pioneering mail-order ticketing service appears in Ticket Masters.<mask>'s 2017 Billboard piece on the band explored the group's licensing deals with Warner/Rhino Entertainment and additional plans for its intellectual property. In 2017 he also wrote a Relix cover story on Dead & Company, which followed up his earlier cover stories on the band. His other related articles include interviews with Grateful Dead lyricist Robert Hunter and pieces that have focused on Brent Mydland and the missing soundboard tapes recorded by Betty-Cantor Jackson, His conversation with Deadhead Bill Walton appeared in Relix Conversation video series, while previous installments with Warren Haynes & John Scofield and Luther Dickinson & Anders Osborne all touched on their time performing in Phil Lesh and Friends. In 2015 <mask> served as editor of the official Fare Thee Well daily programs, securing a welcome message from President Obama. He served in a similar capacity for the Dead reunion shows at Alpine Valley in 2002. The 2015 Billboard piece that first shared the cover for John Popper's memoir, also revealed that <mask>'s next project was a "Grateful-Dead themed novel. Rare Bird Books published Might As Well in the spring of 2016.One reviewer described it as "a highly entertaining (and wildly funny) fictionalized multi-character account of a Grateful Dead show, which details the experience of both the lot scene and an actual show (for those who could get tickets) at Brendan Byrne Arena in the fall of 1989." <mask> later revealed in an interview that the general excitement from the Fare Thee Well shows had inspired him to revisit the band's touring days. The era that provides the backdrop to Might As Well is the same time period <mask> subsequently wrote about in the box set Robert F. Kennedy Stadium, Washington, D.C., July 12 & 13, 1989. Wetlands Preserved In 2004 his interest in film as well as an ongoing focus on live music led <mask> to begin work on the feature-length documentary Wetlands Preserved: The Story of An Activist Rock Club. <mask> directed the film, which utilized archival footage, soundboard recordings and the efforts of a dozen digital animators to relate the story of Tribeca nightclub Wetlands Preserve. The documentary also includes music and interviews with Dave Matthews, Bob Weir, Questlove and Warren Haynes as well as members of Phish, moe., Agnostic Front, 311, the Disco Biscuits and many others. Wetlands Preserved, shown at such festivals as SXSW, Woodstock and Asheville (where it won top documentary honors), was released to theatres by First Run Features on March 14, 2008.The New York Times wrote, "Wetlands Preserved is a fond account of the rising, thriving and eventual closing of the TriBeCa club known as the Wetlands Preserve." Other positive reviews appeared in the New York Daily News, Newsday and additional outlets. Wetlands Preserved was later acquired for television by the Sundance Channel Jambands, the Jammy Awards and Relix While still a graduate student, <mask> wrote two books, The Phishing Manual (Hyperion, 1996) and Jam Bands (ECW Press, 1998).<ref>Andy Smith "Enthusiasm for jam translates into guide," Providence Journal, January 14, 1999</ref> In the summer of 1998, shortly before the publication of the second book, <mask> created Jambands.com along with webmaster Andy Gadiel (who would go on to create the JamBase website). <mask> is often said to have coined the term jam band. However, in 2003, with the publication of an expanded edition of Jambands (Backbeat Books, 2003) and later in Peter Conners book, JAMerica (Da Capo, 2013) <mask> indicated it that he only popularized it, although he is responsible for recasting it as a single word.<mask>nick Jambands: The Complete Guide to the Players, Music & Scene, Backbeat Books, 2003, JAMerica, p. 79. During the summer of 1999 <mask> produced the Jambands.com tour, which traveled from Maine to Maryland over two weeks and featured performances by such groups as: The Disco Biscuits, The Slip, STS9, Deep Banana Blackout and Percy Hill with special appearances by Allman Brothers Band members Butch Trucks and Oteil Burbridge (Budnick later served as board member for Trucks' Flying Frog Records). In 2000 Budnick created the Jammy Awards along with Wetlands owner Peter Shapiro.The inaugural edition of this awards show took place on June 22, 2000, at Irving Plaza, where <mask> co-hosted with the musician Peter Prince while wearing a tuxedo, a tradition <mask> would repeat at every Jammys. Over successive years the Jammys would move to the Roseland Ballroom and then to the Theater at Madison Square Garden, where, in its final installment in 2008, Phish received the Lifetime Achievement Award on the eve of the band's announcement that it would return to the stage after a four-year hiatus. In 2001 <mask> also began his ongoing association with Relix Magazine, which acquired Jambands.com. His Relix cover stories have included profiles of Phish, Phil Lesh and Bob Weir, Eric Clapton and Steve Winwood Ray LaMontagne and My Morning Jacket, Carlos Santana, The Allman Brothers Band, Bonnie Raitt and Grace Potter, Ryan Adams, Zac Brown Band, Tenacious D, Warren Haynes, Tedeschi Trucks Band,<mask>nick. "A Joyful Noise", Relix, January–February 2016 Gary Clark Jr., moe., Grace Potter & The Nocturnals, a H.O.R.D.E. Retrospective The String Cheese Incident and Dave Matthews Band. In his role at Relix he created the official Bonnaroo Music Festival daily newspaper, the Bonnaroo Beacon and event newspapers for Phish's festivals, the Grateful Dead's 2002 Terrapin Station reunion shows and Dave Matthews Band.<mask> edited the three daily programs for Fare Thee Well: Celebrating 50 Years of the Grateful Dead in Chicago on July 3–5, 2015, in which the surviving members of the Grateful Dead—Bob Weir, Phil Lesh, Bill Kreutzmann and Mickey Hart—joined by Trey Anastasio, Bruce Hornsby and Jeff Chimenti. <mask> secured a special message by President Barack Obama which appeared in the program (He later explained, "The whole thing was a surprise. I wanted to keep it from the band members until they saw it in the program....It all happened rather quickly. It made perfect sense to me since Chicago is the President's town and the 'Core Four' had been supportive of his initial campaign. Back in October 2008 Bob Weir, Phil Lesh, Bill Kreutzmann and Mickey Hart reunited to perform at the Change Rocks event for then-candidate Barack Obama. They later took the stage at the Mid-Atlantic Inaugural ball in January 2009. So I contacted the White House, described the event, although they seemed quite aware of it, and received the message a day later.They even sent along the official image to run with the President's words.") He also programmed the Live Soundtrack Cinema at the inaugural Lockn' Festival, a film tent that designed to "unite the musical side with the visual side by having the audio feed from the stage playing as specifically-selected features, shorts and animated films that complement the music are screened." At the second Lockn' Festival, he edited the official four-day festival newspaper, The Lockn' Times, which debuted that year. In September 2013, he was named editor-in-chief at Relix, sharing the role with Mike Greenhaus. The Lockn' Times and Bonnaroo Beacon continue to be published. Jam Nation Radio In the fall of 2000 <mask> and Jefferson Waful began co-hosting the Jam Nation radio show. Jam Nation originated from WMRQ in Hartford, Connecticut, where it aired Sunday nights from 8 to 10 PM.Twice a month the show hosted a one-hour electric performance from musical acts, with appearances by such groups as Derek Trucks Band, STS9, Galactic, Keller Williams and Umphrey's McGee (for whom Waful would eventually become lighting director). Jam Nation'' was soon syndicated on the fledgling XM Satellite network where it aired until 2009, ending its run following XM's merger with SIRIUS. He continues to make guest DJ appearances on SiriusXM. Notes Living people American music critics American music journalists Harvard University alumni 21st-century American historians 21st-century American male writers American documentary filmmakers People from East Greenwich, Rhode Island Film directors from Rhode Island Year of birth missing (living people) American male non-fiction writers

Jon-Erik Beckjord

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Jon-<mask> (April 26, 1939 – June 22, 2008) was an American paranormal investigator, photographer, and cryptozoologist interested in such phenomena as UFOs, crop circles, the Loch Ness Monster, and Bigfoot. Throughout his career, he owned three separate, small-scale museums that featured displays, mostly photographs, of alleged UFO, Nessie, and Bigfoot sightings. He made guest appearances on national radio and television shows, but was criticized by fellow cryptozoologists and skeptics alike for not providing substantive evidence to back up his claims of the existence of paranormal beings. Personal life Born <mask> in Duluth, Minnesota, he was the son of Col. <mask>, a World War II army physician, and Margaret (née McGilvry) <mask>. He had three siblings: Ross, Peter, and Pam. His family came from Oslo, Norway. Education <mask> attended the United States Air Force Academy in Colorado Springs, Colorado for two years.He studied sociology at Tulane University, where he graduated with a Bachelor of Science degree in 1961. He studied law for one year at Boalt Hall at University of California, Berkeley. He later graduated with an MBA from U.C. Berkeley in 1966. Career After graduation, <mask> became a city planner in the Bay area, but wearied of a traditional job and decided to hunt for Bigfoot instead. "I don't do what most MBAs do," he said, "Most people in my class are bored to death or dead. The object in life is not simply to make money."Rather, he believed his most important task was to "find out why we're here (on Earth)" Throughout <mask>'s career as a photographer, paranormal investigator, and crypto-researcher, he collected photographs, castings, and other memorabilia that, to him, represented evidence of the existence of UFOs and alien life, the Loch Ness Monster, as well as Bigfoot. He appeared on several nationwide radio and television shows, including Coast to Coast AM, The Tonight Show, and Late Night with David Letterman. In reference to his explorations, <mask> compared himself to Galileo, Louis Pasteur, and the Wright brothers. In 1983, <mask>, then director of the Crypto Zoological Society, spent a week in Scotland videotaping what he believed were three monsters in Loch Ness. In February, 1989, <mask> opened the Crypto-Zoology Museum, housed in the corner of Trancas Restaurant in Malibu, CA. The museum had its start on October 31, 1986, when he opened his home to visitors to see his collection. The display primarily consisted of photographs from <mask>'s research into the phenomena of the Loch Ness Monster, Bigfoot, and the Mokele M'Bembe of Africa.According to <mask>, the museum focused on "creatures of fact or fancy" that "to the best of our knowledge appear to be verified, or haven't at least been debunked." When Trancas Restaurant went out of business, <mask> put the museum's contents in storage. Most of it was lost to fire in 1993. On October 31, 1996, Halloween, <mask> opened the in San Francisco, California, which featured crop circles. He charged a nominal entrance fee ($3 for adults; $2 for children), but the museum's closing, reportedly, was "due to lack of any substantial evidence." After this museum closed, <mask> repaired electrical appliances for a company called Captain Neon. In 1997, <mask> opened a third museum in North Beach, CA, which he called the Bigfoot and Loch Ness Monster Museum.It was billed as the city's "strangest museum" and consisted of photographs, drawings, and articles devoted to such topics as the Roswell Declaration, Bigfoot, and a sea serpent named "Sassie" which, allegedly, lived in the San Francisco Bay. Cryptozoology <mask> defined cryptozoology as "the search for mysterious creatures." His searches included hidden "animals"—those that could, theoretically, exist in nature—and hidden "critters" or those that looked like animals, but resisted capture: the Loch Ness Monster, Sasquatch, and Quixacotal Big Bird. Bigfoot or Sasquatch <mask> became intrigued with the idea of Bigfoot after seeing an article in the newspaper about alleged sightings of the creature. On an expedition to see whether or not the story was true, he claimed he saw a Bigfoot cross the road in front of him from about 200 feet away. Though he later returned with his camera and was unable to find the creature, <mask> was then convinced of its existence. He also purportedly saw Bigfoot standing 6 feet tall and walking in a "loose, limbo-dance style", and, at another time, eating apricots in an orchard around Vacaville, CA.He frequented a camp with other researchers, an alleged "window site" in the Bear River Reservoir area of Eldorado National Forest where he asserted that "evidence of Bigfoot is almost routinely seen." While he insisted that the exact location not be revealed to the public, <mask> did agree to take skeptic Robert Sheaffer on a five-day expedition there in 1999. It was only after Sheaffer left the site, having seen nothing unusual, that <mask> reported manifestations of Bigfoot. <mask> said he heard Bigfoot's voice telling him "We're not what you think we are, we're here, but we're not real, like what you think is real." Along with the photographs of leaves and shadows <mask> believed showed images of Bigfoot, he also reported having seen Bigfoot footprints that turned into deer tracks, confirming for him that the creature had the ability to shift its shape. He theorized that Bigfoot creatures share a "space-time origin and connection with UFOs and come from an alternative universe by a wormhole." <mask> explained away the need for physical evidence, such as hair, blood and bones, to prove the existence of Bigfoot by arguing that the creature is an "inter-dimensional shape-shifter that can warp in and out of physical reality."He theorized that they may be "the product of tulpas or thought forms created by people or other entities." In an editorial for the journal Current Anthropology, <mask> argued that the study of the "wild man", Sasquatch, was "the proper study of either parapsychologists or Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence scientists, not anthropologists." Loch Ness Monster To Beckjord, the Loch Ness monster (Nessie) was a space alien pet left on Earth in a form of energy that could interact with human beings. He described Nessie as a cat-like faced creature, 15–30 feet long, 7–10 feet thick with a body that "looks like a cross between Halley's Comet and the Concorde jet." He claimed to have videotaped three, which he named Faith, Hope and Charity, on a visit to Drumnadrochit, Scotland in 1983. <mask> admitted that the images might not be "exactly and positively" Nessie, but asserted that "90 percent of the people who have viewed the films believe the images are alive." Loveland Frog Beckjord speculated that the Loveland Frog might be the extinct 10-ft.-long bipedal dinosaur, Coelophysis.Ri In response to a Roy Wagner article, published in the ISC annual journal Cryptozoology (and later reprinted in Fate Magazine, August 1983), <mask> traveled to Papua New Guinea to search for ri, or mermaids. Wagner's article described eyewitness accounts and sometimes daily sightings of "an air-breathing mammal, with the trunk, genitalia, and arms and head of a human being, and a legless lower trunk terminating in a pair of lateral fins or flippers." After his own investigation and determining that the locals were killing, butchering and eating dugongs—and not mermaids--, <mask> concluded that no unknown animal was being seen in that area. UFOlogy <mask> believed in space alien visitations to Earth, crop circles and creative forces that sculpted rock, lava and sand on Mars to resemble people on Earth like Ted Kennedy, Tammy Faye Bakker and others. He tried to sell his Kennedy-on-Mars photos, which <mask> discovered while analyzing NASA satellite photos of the planet, to raise money to investigate crop circles in England. <mask> took images of what he described as three "blobs-of-light" UFOs and witnessed two instances of unexplained light over Malibu and Sepulveda Pass, respectively. <mask> believed in a government cover up of the existence of UFOs and extraterrestrial intelligence and advocated making that information available to the general public."A lot of this weirdness is right under our noses. We may belong to aliens. We may be experimental animals. But I can't prove it." Criticism <mask>'s firm belief that Bigfoot and similar entities were inter-dimensional shape-shifters who could "manipulate the light spectrum so that people can't see them" brought him into conflict not only with skeptics, but other Bigfoot researchers as well, who argued for proof of physical remains. He had what is described as "well-publicized arguments" with writers of the Skeptical Inquirer and certain members of the International Society of Cryptozoology and was considered "a person non grata among more conventional Bigfoot researchers." He would, literally, fight for his beliefs with his fists and was banned from contributing to online forums because of postings that were allegedly abusive.Robert Sheaffer, a founding member of the Committee for Scientific Investigation of Claims of the Paranormal, asserted that <mask> "doesn't have one bit of proof. To allay <mask>'s proclamations that "all skeptics were too timid and closed-minded to actually go out into the woods and confront the Bigfoot evidence for themselves," Sheaffer accompanied <mask> on a 5-day Bigfoot expedition in 1999. He was disappointed at <mask>'s continued lack of evidence and attributed <mask>'s interpretations of rock formations, leaves and shadows as Bigfoot faces or skulls to "the workings of an overzealous imagination." CNN correspondent Rusty Dornin wrote in 1997 "Faces on Mars, the Loch Ness monster, or an alien with a name tag (Andy)--if it's far-fetched and unproved, Beckjord buys it. And it's all on display at his storefront 'museum'." <mask> maintained that "With the card-carrying skeptics, we will never win. There are more people who have seen UFOs than voted for President Clinton."All the references cited for his academic credentials are newspaper interviews relying on <mask> as source. It is highly doubtful any of these degrees are real. <mask> was a gifted liar according to numerous people he talked into giving him money for his endeavors. One Los Angeles woman gave him close to $40,000 in the early eighties to make a movie about the Loch Ness monster which he vacationed in Scotland with no resultant movie. She sued him and an article appeared about it in the Los Angeles Times around 1982–3 in which he shrugged off the suit with "I have no assets". Death After battling prostate cancer, <mask> died at the age of 69 on June 22, 2008, near his home in Lafayette, California, where he was a caretaker for the Crosses of Lafayette, a monument to casualties of the Iraq War before his death. Memberships Crypto Zoological Society Mensa National Cryptozoological Society Project Bigfoot Awards Esquire Magazine's 1991 'Dubious Achievement Award' for "the discovery of a volcanic formation on Mars that resembles Senator Edward Kennedy."References 1939 births 2008 deaths American Internet celebrities American people of Norwegian descent Bigfoot Deaths from cancer in California Cryptozoologists Deaths from prostate cancer Forteana United States Air Force Academy alumni Haas School of Business alumni People from Duluth, Minnesota Tulane University alumni Place of birth missing UC Berkeley School of Law alumni

Alexander Meyrick Broadley

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<mask> (19 July 1847 – 16 April 1916), also known as <mask>, was a British barrister, author, company promoter and social figure. He is best known for being the defence lawyer for Ahmed 'Urabi after the failure of the Urabi Revolt. Early life <mask> was the son of the Rev. <mask>, vicar of Bradpole, in Dorset, England, and Frances Jane, daughter of <mask> of Pembroke. He entered Lincoln's Inn as a law student in 1866 and after taking the examination to enter the Indian Civil Service, went in 1869 to India, where he became Assistant Magistrate and Collector of Patna, Bengal. In 1872 he conducted a survey of the ruins of the Nálanda monasteries at Burgàon, and formed a magnificent collection of sculptures from the region, going on to establish a museum for the collection. The colonial administrator and explorer Sir Harry H. Johnston noted that Broadley was "very orthodox on account of his father" and "was led into rude interruptions of any speech which traversed the belief that the Earth was only six or seven thousand years old".In 1871 <mask> delivered a public lecture English Legislation for India. He also put forward the view that imprisonment for civil debts should be abolished. In 1872 he spoke at a large meeting on education in Bengal, where he condemned the educational policy of the Indian Government. He was not punished, but later that year he spoke at a public meeting of the Dacca People's Association. His remarks on educational policy and on the Criminal Procedure Code, which were reported in newspapers and created angry discussions, were objected to by the Lieutenant-Governor of Bengal, Sir George Campbell and officially denied. <mask> applied for leave, which Campbell rejected, demanding an explanation. In May 1872 it was reported that charges of a serious nature had been brought against <mask>: he was suspended and sent to Patna pending an investigation.The following month he was reported to have been posted to Noynabad, and ordered to remain there, having been invested with the power to try cases arising from riots of the Muslim Ferazi sect. In November the Calcutta Gazette reported him as being officially on leave and transferred to Chittagong by Campbell's order. When a warrant for his arrest for homosexual offences was issued, <mask> absconded. One report stated that "his reputation was known to every Englishman who ever lived in India", and his presence was taboo in European clubs in Malta and Egypt. Due to the scandal he was unable to return immediately to England. He moved to Tunis, where he worked as a lawyer and as a correspondent for The Times. One of his clients was the Bey of Tunis.He also became influential in freemasonry, founding the prestigious Drury Lane Masonic Lodge, which is likely to have aided his social rise. In 1882 he published The last Punic war. Tunis, past and present, which drew admiring reviews, Vanity Fair writing: "If Mr. <mask>'s book on Tunis were only read by all citizens who influence the policy of Ministers, I question very much whether anything like our Egyptian crime could be repeated. The dullest would see how far we have been led". Given <mask>'s knowledge of Muslim law, and the fact he was "abnormally clever", that same year Wilfrid Blunt engaged him as counsel for Ahmed ʻUrabi, otherwise known as Aribi Pasha, an Egyptian nationalist who was put on trial in Cairo for insurrection. <mask> forced the compromise which enabled Pasha and his companions to be sent as pensioners to Colombo. <mask> was paid 10,000 guineas, and was henceforth nicknamed '<mask> Pasha' by his friends, the press, and English Society.Return to England Following the trial <mask> returned to England as the agent and legal adviser of the ex-Khedive Ismail. His social skills also saw him appointed de facto editor of Edmund Yates' periodical World, and despite his previous disgrace, for a few years he achieved an exceptionally high profile in London Society. "He knew everyone in London and all paid court to him." Of his 40th birthday party in 1887 one newspaper recorded: "Princes and princesses, peers and peeresses, bishops and baronets, diplomatists and doctors, members of Parliament and musicians, authors and artists, actors and actresses availed themselves of the opportunity of offering birthday congratulations". An Indian official suggested that <mask> had not been compelled to return to India to answer the charges against him, as such a threat hanging over the head of the editor of an important society newspaper guaranteed that he would not publish anything of embarrassment to those in high places. Of "Falstaffian proportions", <mask> was described as "that strange being…who, amongst other avocations, acts as a sort of social broker 'for bringing together people who would not otherwise meet' ". According to one report "he had the faculty of attaching himself to and 'running' whomsoever was the most amusing and useful person of the hour".They included the 'nitrate king' John Thomas North and would-be national leader General Georges Boulanger. It was at <mask>'s Regents Park home, Cairo Cottage at 2 Beta Place, that Boulanger made his London debut. <mask> also became connected with the management of the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane, acting as a financial and business adviser to Augustus Harris. <mask>'s social ascendency continued until 1889 when his portrait by Spy appeared in the magazine Vanity Fair. Edward VII, then Prince of Wales, whose sons' portraits had also appeared in the magazine, and who had knowledge of <mask>'s reputation in India, took offence at his inclusion. After making enquiries at Scotland Yard, the magazine's owner Edmund Yates dismissed <mask>, and published an apology. <mask> was told to leave the country within 12 hours.The reason was not just the earlier scandal in India: <mask> was implicated as a client of the male brothel at the centre of the Cleveland Street Scandal. With the Prince of Wales' equerry involved, and rumours also connecting his eldest son, the Prince was reported to be "in a very stern and unbending mood." Said one newspaper report: "Everybody knows it was H.R.H. caused <mask> Pasha's extinction." Le Figaro later alleged that <mask> had taken Boulanger and his propagandist Henri Rochefort to the brothel; the allegation was dismissed by Boulanger's right-hand man Count Dillon. On the witness stand the rentboy John Saul stated that he had briefly secured employment in the 1889 production The Royal Oak at Drury Lane, which was during <mask>'s time there. Exile <mask> moved to Paris and then Brussels, where he edited the English language newspaper The Belgian News.In August 1890 it was reported of Broadley that "he has been guilty here of all the practices charged to him and others in Cleveland Street. His last line of operations was to invite young boys and scholars attending school to his rooms to supper." One of the boys informed his mother of the lavishness of these meals provided by a "benevolent old gentleman", which included "stupefying cordials". <mask> was placed under police surveillance. In 1891 he was reported to be 'loafing' in Tunis with fellow Cleveland Street exile Lord Arthur Somerset. <mask>'s ability to reinvent himself provoked a mockingly Wildean paragraph in a British syndicated newspaper column in 1892, which stated that in Brussels he had "renewed his youth" and was: ...in the widest sense "a new man". He in fact insists that he is a disconnected and different Mr Broadley altogether from the gentleman whose adventures while in the service of the Indian Prison department finally excited so much curiosity in London; denies that there was ever such a person as himself, that his portrait ever appeared in Vanity Fair, or that an exalted personage ever intervened fiercely in his affairs.The English colony in Brussels is now divided into two contending camps. One section insists that Mr <mask> is the Mr <mask>, and therefore impossible and insufferable. The other protests that their Mr <mask>, who it appears enjoys the friendship and esteem of the King of the Belgians, is fitted to grace any society in which he may find himself." It was subsequently reported that to confirm his identity, the English Club of Brussels went to the trouble of procuring the back number of Vanity Fair which had featured the infamous portrait. Final return to England In 1894, <mask> quietly returned to England to manage the estates and general affairs of Viscount Cantelupe, who succeeded in 1896 as 8th Earl de la Warr. In April 1896 <mask> met the serial financial fraudster Ernest Terah Hooley, and subsequently worked to promote his investment schemes. Newspaper reports alleged <mask> was "a brilliant financier" and Hooley was merely his ventriloquist's dummy.Later in court <mask> freely admitted that he advised Hooley on nearly all his projects. Hooley purchased Anmer Hall estate, adjoining Sandringham in 1896. Through an intermediary the Prince of Wales requested that he be allowed to purchase the estate from Hooley, ostensibly for his daughter Maud, to which Hooley agreed. It has been alleged that the real reason for the Prince's action was to avoid the possibility of <mask> becoming a constant visitor to the estate, and hence near-neighbour. In 1898, Hooley was made bankrupt. In the Bankruptcy Court, <mask> appeared with Earl de la Warr and two other gentlemen. They were charged with contempt of court in attempting to bribe Hooley to alter his testimony to protect the Earl.<mask> was found guilty of insubordination and perjury and ordered to pay costs. Public opinion considered the treatment of <mask> by the judge very lenient. "<mask> made a beautiful witness", one report suggested, "brimming over with benevolence and pathos. He threatened to commit suicide, too, unless Hooley did something or other, and Hooley seems to have believed him..." Hooley stated on the witness stand that <mask> had intercepted money intended for others, and that he had made a further £80,000 acting as Hooley's promoter, accusations <mask> denied. With <mask> again the subject of publicity, in the House of Commons the Home Secretary was asked by a parliamentarian whether <mask> was the same person against whom there was an outstanding warrant for a criminal offence in India, did such warrants apply in England, and if so, why had it not been actioned. The reply was that they did apply, but that he had no other information on the matter. <mask> was denounced by Robert Wright, Justice of the Court of the Queen's Bench, as the real author and organiser of Hooley's deceitful schemes, but escaped bankruptcy and fashioned himself as a country gentleman.He retreated to his home village of Bradpole, Dorset, building a picturesque towered mansion, The Knapp. Last years The last fifteen years of <mask>'s life were devoted to writing and book collecting, Napoleon and his age being at the heart of it, but also a large collection of works on criminal jurisprudence. He made significant acquisitions of manuscript material, accumulating original letters and documents, as his book Chats on Autographs related. His library included 135 works he had "grangerized" by adding additional illustrations, amounting to about 600 volumes. He also became a prolific author of books on historical topics. In 1906 he even penned a work on the boyhood of his nemesis Edward VII titled The Boyhood of a Great King. It drew at least one scathing review under the headline 'Scissors and Snobbery' which stated: "this stitching together of stale tattle from the Royal nursery may be 'good business': it is not an undertaking which enlists our sympathy.Mr <mask>'s record as an ex-Indian Civilian, ex-barrister, ex-journalist, and ex-company promoter is well known. This volume does not alter our estimate of the writer or the man." <mask> also became a great supporter of the Bath Historical Pageant, including appearing one year as Beau Nash, when he was recorded as holding 'kingly sway' and was "pre-eminently the great success of the ball". In 1911 Broadley made a pilgrimage with friends over the route followed by Charles II during his wanderings in late 1651, and wrote a history The Royal Miracle, an interest sparked by the play The Royal Oak. Never married, <mask> died, in the middle of the First World War, on 16 April 1916 in Gerrards Cross, Buckinghamshire. By the time of his death, <mask>'s crimes had been largely forgotten, and his obituary in The Times and those elsewhere made no mention of them. This prompted novelist and U.S. newspaper columnist Marguerite Cunliffe-Owen to restate them with the observation: "Of course all this is old and forgotten, and if I recall it, it is merely in order to show how very unreliable obituaries are apt to be, and the facility with which even such men as <mask>, if possessed of sufficient cleverness, and of impudence, are able to blind their citizens to their past infamies and to die in the odor of respectability, if not of sanctity" Legacy In his will, <mask> left the sum of £8,506, the majority bequeathed to his nephew Lieutenant R.A.L.<mask>, who put his collection up for sale; the Napoleana was purchased en bloc by Lord Curzon, who bequeathed it to Oxford University. It now resides in the Bodleian with 332 of his grangerized books. Other repositories of his grangerized volumes include the Theatre Collection at Westminster City Archives, which holds four scrapbooks Annals of the Haymarket (1911), and the Royal Society, which owns a multivolume copy of Charles Richard Weld's History of the Royal Society. The contents of <mask>'s museum in Bihár have been relocated to the collections of the Indian Museum in Kolkata. His country seat in Bradpole has been subdivided: The Knapp is now St James' Nursing Home, and its former gatehouse is a separate residence. A phonograph recording of <mask> delivering a toast in 1888 to Edmund Yates and Arthur Sullivan survives. Works English Legislation For India, 1871 References Bibliography External links 1847 births 1916 deaths English barristers 19th-century English lawyers

Richard Amsel

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<mask> (December 4, 1947 – November 13, 1985) was an American illustrator and graphic designer. His career was brief but prolific, including movie posters, album covers, and magazine covers. His portrait of comedian Lily Tomlin for the cover of Time is now part of the permanent collection at the Smithsonian Institution. He was associated with TV Guide for thirteen years. Early life <mask> was born in Philadelphia. Shortly after graduating from Philadelphia College of Art, his proposed poster art for the Barbra Streisand musical Hello, Dolly! was selected by 20th Century Fox for the film’s campaign after a nationwide artists’ talent search; the artist was 22 at the time.Career As <mask> came to the attention of New York's art enthusiasts, his illustrations caught the attention of Barry Manilow, "then a young singer/songwriter named who was working with Bette Midler, a newly emerging entertainer in cabaret clubs and piano bars. Manilow introduced the two, and it was quickly decided that <mask> should do the cover of her first Atlantic Records album. The cover, for The Divine Miss M proved to be one of the most ubiquitous of the year." More album covers and posters soon followed, as did a series of magazine ads for designer Oleg Cassini. His movie posters commissions included some of the most important and popular films of the 1970s, including The Champ, Chinatown, Julia, The Last Picture Show, The Last Tycoon, The Life and Times of Judge Roy Bean, McCabe & Mrs. Miller, The Muppet Movie, Murder on the Orient Express, Nashville, Papillon, The Shootist, The Sting, (The latter's poster design paid homage to the painting style of J. C. Leyendecker, evoking both his "Arrow Collar Man" and his covers for The Saturday Evening Post) and Woodstock. Although his career was short-lived, his body of work was sizeable, outpacing much of what had been produced by others during his era. His portrait of comedian Lily Tomlin was featured on the cover of Time, and is now housed in the permanent collection at the Smithsonian Institution in Washington D.C.In keeping with the magazine's stringent deadlines, <mask>'s illustration was created in only two or three days. TV Guide Commissioned by TV Guide in 1972 to design a cover featuring the Duke and Duchess of Windsor, in conjunction with a telefilm about their love affair, <mask> then went on to enjoy a 13-year association with the publication, during which time he produced more than 40 covers. <mask>'s magazine work included portraits of: Ingrid Bergman, Johnny Carson, Katharine Hepburn, Mary Tyler Moore, Elvis Presley, Nancy Reagan, Tom Selleck, Frank Sinatra, John Travolta, and Princess Grace, as well as of Clark Gable and Vivien Leigh, portraits which were created for the television debut of Gone with the Wind. He also created illustrations for the wedding of Prince Charles and Diana, Princess of Wales, and of <mask> for the miniseries Shogun. Among the most famous of <mask>'s illustrations was his portrait of Lucille Ball, which was created for the magazine's July 6, 1974 issue in recognition of Ball's retirement from series television. "I did not want the portrait to be of Lucy Ricardo," <mask> explained, "but I didn't want a modern-day Lucy Carter either. I wanted it to have the same timeless sense of glamour that Lucy herself has.She is, after all, a former Goldwyn Girl. I hoped to capture the essence of all this." Ball then featured <mask>'s work in the opening credits of a two-hour television tribute, CBS Salutes Lucy: The First 25 Years. Later career As film studios changed their marketing style in the 1980s, employing photographs in favor of illustrations, <mask> and other artists were frequently limited to creating work for science fiction, fantasy, and adventure films. In response, <mask> created the posters for Flash Gordon, The Dark Crystal, and Raiders of the Lost Ark which ultimately became his most famous work. <mask> completed two posters, one for Raiders''' 1981 release and another, a year later, for its re-release. It has been reported that George Lucas and Steven Spielberg own the originals.Regarding commercial art, <mask> stated, "Commercial art can be and sometimes is art, but if someone hangs a poster, it is still a poster pretending to be something it's not. My work is basically for the printed page, and not for hanging in living rooms... If, however, I paint or draw something that takes people into the realm of fantasy, then I feel that I've accomplished something." Recognition During his career, <mask> received multiple awards, including the New York and Los Angeles Society of Illustrators award, a Golden Key Award from The Hollywood Reporter, and a Grammy Award, as well as citations from the Philadelphia Art Director's Club. <mask>'s covers were also shown at the Museum of Television and Radio in Beverly Hills, commemorating TV Guide's fortieth anniversary. Posthumously awarded the University of the Art's Silver Star award for Outstanding Alumni in 2009, <mask>'s award was accepted on his behalf at The University of the Arts Commencement Ceremony by his brother, <mask>. In November 2021, <mask> was inducted into the Album Cover Hall of Fame, for this contributions to Bette Midler – Divine Miss M and Songs For The New Depression, and soundtracks to the films Hello Dolly and The Sting.A feature film documentary about <mask>'s life, titled "Amsel: Illustrator of the Lost Art," was announced in January 2016. Filmmaker Adam McDaniel traveled extensively throughout the United States, conducting interviews with over 50 of <mask>'s friends, colleagues, classmates, teachers, and art collectors, as well as new generations of artists whom <mask> inspired. The film is now in post production. In tandem with the documentary, McDaniel is developing a retrospective art book, with both projects through an exclusive agreement with the <mask> estate. Death His last film poster was for Mad Max Beyond Thunderdome, the third of George Miller's apocalyptic action movies with Mel Gibson. His final completed artwork was for an issue of TV Guide, featuring news anchors Tom Brokaw, Peter Jennings and Dan Rather. <mask> died less than three weeks later, succumbing to complications from AIDS on November 13, 1985.When he fell ill, he was to have done the poster for the Romancing the Stone sequel, The Jewel of the Nile''. AIDS Memorial Quilt Adam McDaniel created a panel in <mask>'s memory for inclusion within The AIDS Memorial Quilt. It was unveiled for the first time on World AIDS Day, Dec. 1, 2018, next to The Wall Las Memorias AIDS Monument within Los Angeles' Lincoln Park. Later that month, it was also displayed at an Amsel tribute art show McDaniel curated at Warner Bros. Studios, in Burbank, California. On December 2, 2019, McDaniel handed the panel over to the SUNY Downstate Medical Center in Brooklyn, NY. This coincided with World AIDS Day earlier that week (December 1st), and what would have been <mask>'s 72nd birthday (December 4th). See also List of TV Guide covers Similar artists Saul Bass Jack Davis Frank Frazetta The Brothers Hildebrandt Tom Jung Sanford Kossin Frank McCarthy Bob Peak Drew Struzan Howard Terpning References External links The <mask>sel Appreciation Site Official website of the documentary feature "Amsel: Illustrator of the Lost Art" Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, Margaret Herrick Library Catalog <mask> McDaniel, Adam: The Art & Artistry of <mask>, biography and tribute Lucyfan.com, Portraits in Stardust: The art of <mask>, Star Notes magazine, Spring 1993 CineMaterial.com – Select listing of <mask>'s art American Art Archives – Select listing of <mask>'s art Internet Movie Poster Awards – Select listing of <mask>'s art Barbra Streisand art by <mask>sel "Lucy" art by <mask> 1947 births 1985 deaths American magazine illustrators American graphic designers Film poster artists Artists from Philadelphia University of the Arts (Philadelphia) alumni AIDS-related deaths in New York (state)

Oliver David Jackson

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Brigadier <mask>, (24 November 1919 – 7 May 2004) was a senior officer in the Australian Army, seeing service during the Second World War and the Vietnam War. After graduating from the Royal Military College, Duntroon, in 1939 he served in the Middle East and New Guinea during the Second World War. Later, he commanded the Australian Army Training Team Vietnam (AATTV) and the Australian Army Force Vietnam (AAFV) in 1965–66. In 1966, he became the first commander of 1st Australian Task Force (1 ATF) in South Vietnam. He subsequently filled a number of senior command and staff positions before retiring in 1974. He died in 2004. Early life <mask> was born in London, England, on 24 November 1919.The youngest son of <mask>, a professional soldier, and his wife Edith Marguerite (née Vautin); his siblings included an older brother born in 1915 in Surrey, England, and a sister. Named after his uncle, <mask>, who had been killed at Gallipoli in 1915 while attempting to rescue a wounded soldier, <mask> was known throughout his life as either "O.D." or <mask>. His father had been commissioned in the Permanent Military Forces (PMF) in 1911, serving in Western Australia. With the outbreak of the First World War <mask>'s father had joined the Australian Imperial Force (AIF) in November 1914, embarking as adjutant of the 10th Light Horse Regiment. On 29 May 1915 he was wounded at Gallipoli and after recovering in England held a number of staff appointments with the 3rd Division on the Western Front in 1917–18. Following <mask>'s birth the family returned to Australia in 1920 so that his father could resume his military career.He subsequently attended a number of schools, completing his secondary education at Scotch College, Melbourne in 1936, where he was a member of the athletics and rugby teams. Military career Early career and Second World War <mask> subsequently joined the Australian Army in March 1937 as a regular officer in the PMF. His older brother, Donald, was also a professional soldier, having entered the Royal Military College, Duntroon in 1934 and later also reached the rank of brigadier. After completing his own training at Duntroon, <mask> graduated into the infantry as a lieutenant in December 1939, following the outbreak of the Second World War two months earlier. Transferring to the 2nd AIF for overseas service, in July 1940 he took up his first appointment commanding a platoon in the 2/25th Battalion where he saw action in the Middle East in North Africa and Syria. Meanwhile, <mask>'s father had been appointed to command Northern Command in May 1940 and was promoted to major general in July. However, the following year he was posted to Western Command and believed that he had been passed over for a combat command after opposing the Brisbane Line strategy, subsequently retiring in early 1942.By late 1942 <mask>'s battalion returned from the Middle East, and he later served in New Guinea fighting the Japanese at Gona, as well as in the Ramu Valley, the Finisterre Ranges and the New Guinea north coast. He was subsequently posted to Headquarters 18th Brigade as a major during the period 1943–44. In June 1944, he took up a position as an instructor at the Canadian Staff College in Kingston, where he remained until the end of the war. Interbellum Returning to Australia, <mask> filled a number of staff positions, including postings to the Royal Military College, Army Headquarters and Headquarters Western Command. His father died of pneumonia at Heidelberg, Victoria, on 24 November 1948. <mask> was promoted to lieutenant colonel in 1949 and to colonel in 1951. On 21 June 1956, <mask> assumed command of the 1st Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment (1 RAR) in South Korea deployed as part of the UN garrison which had remained there following the end of the Korean War and oversaw the battalion's final operational activities before its return to Australia.He subsequently took up a two-year appointment in the United States as Australian Military Attache in Washington. In 1959 he was appointed as an Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in recognition of his service to the Australian Staff Corps. Vietnam War In 1961, he took up the position of Director of Infantry at Army Headquarters. He subsequently commanded the 3rd Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment (3 RAR) in 1963, before serving as the commanding officer of the 2nd Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment (2 RAR) in 1963–64. Ultimately, <mask> was the only officer to command all three of the original battalions of the Royal Australian Regiment. <mask> took over command of the Australian Army Training Team Vietnam (AATTV) on 5 February 1965. Following the arrival of Australian ground forces in South Vietnam in May 1965, he was promoted to brigadier and assumed command of the new headquarters in Saigon, known as the Australian Army Force Vietnam (AAFV).In March 1966, the Australian government further increased its commitment to the Vietnam War, announcing the deployment of a two-battalion brigade with armour, aviation, engineer and artillery support, designated the 1st Australian Task Force (1 ATF). <mask> was subsequently appointed as its first commander. Based in Phuoc Tuy Province, South Vietnam, 1 ATF was involved in counter-insurgency operations against the Viet Cong. During his period in command the task force was successfully established at Nui Dat, clearing a security zone around the base and conducting offensive operations to the edge of the Tactical Area of Responsibility, while a number of significant actions were fought, including the Battle of Long Tan, which established 1 ATF's dominance over the province. <mask> was later awarded the Distinguished Service Order (DSO) for his command of 1 ATF during this period. In June 1967, <mask> returned to Australia having served nearly two years in Vietnam, and subsequently served on the staff of Australian Headquarters. His final posting was as the Chief of Staff at Headquarters 1st Division, before retiring with the rank of brigadier in May 1974.Later life Settling in Sydney in his later life <mask> enjoyed sailing and gardening. Married to Dorothy Honor, the couple had a son and two daughters. <mask> died in Burradoo, New South Wales, on 7 May 2004, aged eighty-four. Notes References 1919 births 2004 deaths Australian brigadiers Australian Companions of the Distinguished Service Order Australian Army personnel of World War II Australian military personnel of the Vietnam War Australian Officers of the Order of the British Empire British emigrants to Australia Royal Military College, Duntroon graduates

Erik Santos

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<mask> (born October 10, 1982), more commonly known as simply <mask>, is a Filipino singer, occasional actor, TV host, commercial model, and the first Grand Champion of the ABS-CBN singing competition Star in a Million Season 1 in 2003. <mask> was ABS-CBN's Star in a Million Grand Champion last January 2004. A young balladeer known for his soulful voice, <mask> made his way to stardom through the music scene owing the title Prince of Pop. His much-awaited debut album aptly titled "This Is The Moment" shows that <mask>'s moment has indeed come. His passion for music started during his childhood years. He participated in various singing competitions. His Platinum debut album and succeeding albums, sold-out concerts and a demand for corporate shows, accolades from Awit Awards, Star Awards and Aliw Awards, endorsements for a bank (Bank of the Philippine Island's Express Remit), theme songs for radio stations, and even movies earned him an unusual popularity.His first single, Pagbigyang Muli, remained number one of WRR's hit chart for more than 20 weeks together with his other songs filling up the chart simultaneously. Amidst all these, <mask> still remains charming and this "realness" becomes one of the biggest factors why <mask> has won audiences nationwide. Early life <mask> was born on October 10, 1982 in Malabon, Metro Manila, Philippines. When he was four, his passion for singing started. He participated in numerous small-town singing competitions. He graduated in high school at Immaculate Conception Parochial School – Malabon He studied at the Centro Escolar University and took up dentistry, but later shifted to Psychology. As soon as he won the singing competition Star in a Million in 2003, he temporarily stopped studying, because of his busy schedule.Eventually, he came back to school and finished college. He graduated in March 2010. Star in a Million In 2003, <mask> joined Star in a Million singing contest, and became part of the wildcard entry to the Final 10 of the show. He had a good start in the competition, but got eliminated during the third week of the show, when it was still a part of the Sunday noontime variety show ASAP. Nevertheless, his second chance came, and his rendition of R. Kelly's "I Believe I Can Fly", won him the tenth and final slot for the semi-finals round. Eventually he became one of the three grand finalists along with Sheryn Regis (first runner up) and Marinel <mask> (2nd runner up) in the showdown for the title of Star in a Million. "This is the Moment", a song from the musical Jekyll & Hyde, popularized by Martin Nievera, won him the title.Career In 2004, <mask> released his debut album This is the Moment, and it went platinum after three months of its release. After his debut, he released an extended play, quickly followed by his second album, Loving You Now. The album was released with the hit single "Bakit Ba Iniibig Ka", composed by Ogie Alcasid, and sung as a duet with Asia's Songbird Regine Velasquez. In December 2005, he held his first major solo concert at the Marikina Riverbanks. On October 19, 2007, he staged another major concert at the Araneta Coliseum, entitled <mask> ... Solo at the Coliseum, with Sam Milby, The Company, Nyoy Volante, Danita Paner, and Ai-Ai de las Alas as guests. On September 22, 2018, he held his 15th anniversary concert titled Er1k 5antos: My Greatest Moments at the Mall of Asia Arena. Discography Studio albums 2004 Star in a Million (Double Platinum) 2004 Star in a Million (Repackaged) 2004 This Is The Moment – first major solo album (Triple Platinum) 2005 I'll Never Go (CD-lite) (Platinum) 2005 Loving You Now (Platinum) 2006 Your Love (Gold) 2007 Your Love (Limited Platinum Edition) (Platinum) 2007 All I Want This Christmas (Gold) 2008 Face-Off (compilation of hits, with Christian Bautista) 2009 The Jim Brickman Songbook (Platinum) 2010 All I Want This Christmas (Repackaged) 2011 Awit Para Sa'Yo (Gold) 2013 The <mask> Collection (Gold) Compilation albums Love Life (Boy Abunda) May Bukas Pa Tambayan Album I-Star 15 OPM No.

London Breed

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<mask> (born August 11, 1974) is an American politician from California who is the 45th mayor of the City and County of San Francisco. She was supervisor for District 5 and was president of the Board of Supervisors from 2015 to 2018. Raised in the Western Addition neighborhood of San Francisco, Breed worked in government after college. She was elected to the Board of Supervisors in 2012 (taking office in January 2013), and elected its president in 2015. As president of the Board, Breed, according to the city charter, became the acting mayor of San Francisco following the death of Mayor Ed Lee. She served in this role from December 12, 2017, to January 23, 2018. Breed won the San Francisco mayoral special election held on June 5, 2018.Breed is the first black woman, second black person after Willie Brown, and second woman after Dianne Feinstein to be elected mayor of San Francisco. She was sworn in as mayor on July 11, 2018. Early life and education Born in San Francisco, Breed was raised by her grandmother in Plaza East public housing in the Western Addition neighborhood of the city. Breed later wrote of her childhood in San Francisco: "... five of us living on $900 per month. 'Recycling' meant drinking out of old mayonnaise jars. Violence was never far away. And once a week, we took Grandma's pushcart to the community room to collect government-issued groceries."Her younger sister died of a drug overdose in 2006 and her brother is in prison serving a 44-year sentence for a 2000 manslaughter and armed robbery conviction, for which Breed has repeatedly asked for clemency from the governor's office; in August 2021, she was fined for abusing her office in doing so. Breed graduated with honors from Galileo High School. She earned a bachelor's degree in political science-public service from the University of California, Davis in 1997 and a master's degree in public administration from the University of San Francisco in 2012. Career Breed worked as an intern in the Office of Housing and Neighborhood Services for Mayor Willie Brown. In 2002, she became the executive director of the African American Art & Culture Complex, where she raised over $2.5 million to renovate the complex's 34,000 square foot space, including an art gallery, theater space, and a recording studio. Breed was named to the San Francisco Redevelopment Agency Commission in 2004. In 2010, Mayor Gavin Newsom appointed her to the San Francisco Fire Commission.Board of Supervisors In November 2012, Breed was elected to the District 5 supervisor seat, defeating incumbent Christina Olague, who had been appointed to the seat that year by Mayor Ed Lee after Supervisor Ross Mirkarimi was elected sheriff. Following five rounds of ranked-choice voting allocations, Breed won by over 12 points, marking the first time in San Francisco history that a challenger unseated a district supervisor. (The feat has occurred twice since, with Aaron Peskin unseating Supervisor Julie Christensen in 2015 to reclaim his District 3 seat, and Rafael Mandelman beating Supervisor Jeff Sheehy in District 8 in June 2018.) <mask> was inaugurated as District 5 supervisor on January 8, 2013, with then-California Attorney General Kamala Harris administering the oath of office. On January 8, 2015, Breed was elected President of the San Francisco Board of Supervisors first by a vote of 8 to 3 and then unanimously. She defeated supervisor David Campos, who was also nominated for the position. Breed succeeded District Four Supervisor Katy Tang, who assumed the presidency temporarily after then-Board President David Chiu resigned to begin serving in the California Assembly.As part of an FBI investigation into public corruption and bid-fixing primarily involving then-State Senator Leland Yee, businessman Derf Butler was recorded talking about allegedly paying for access to Breed. According to court documents released in 2015, Butler told an FBI source that he "pays Supervisor Breed with untraceable debit cards for clothing and trips in exchange for advantages on contracts in San Francisco." The allegation was denied by Breed, who as a member of the Board of Supervisors had no role in contract selections, and no evidence has ever been presented to substantiate it. In February 2016, Breed announced her reelection bid to represent District 5. The top issues she identified in her announcement were building and protecting affordable housing, increasing public safety, improving environmental health, and modernizing public transportation. Dean Preston, an attorney, ran against her. Breed won reelection 52% to 48% on November 8, 2016, beating Preston in 46 of the district's 68 precincts.Breed was unanimously reelected to another two-year term as Board President on January 9, 2017. No other supervisors were nominated for the position. Mayoralty Following the death of Mayor Ed Lee on December 12, 2017, Breed became the city's Acting Mayor by virtue of her position as President of the Board of Supervisors. She served in this position until January 23, 2018, when the Board of Supervisors selected Mark Farrell to serve as the interim "caretaker" mayor until a special election on June 5. Supervisors Aaron Peskin, Jane Kim (herself a candidate for Mayor), and others considered the progressive members of the board, sought to deny Breed the benefits of incumbency going into the election and to maintain a separation of powers between the positions of mayor and board president, both of which Breed occupied at the time. Progressive Supervisor Hillary Ronen delivered a speech accusing Breed of being supported by "white, rich men" and "billionaires" such as Ron Conway. Breed ran in the mayoral special election held on June 5.She led in the initial count's first-place votes with 35.6 percent, with Mark Leno in second with 25.9 percent, and Kim with 22.8 percent. Leno took the lead early the next day after the initial tabulation of ranked-choice ballots, but Breed retook the lead on June 9. On June 13, with 9,000 ballots left to count, Leno conceded defeat and congratulated Breed on her victory. Breed resigned as president of the Board of Supervisors on June 26, 2018 and was succeeded by Malia Cohen in a unanimous vote by the Board. Breed retained her position as District 5 supervisor until assuming the mayoralty on July 11. Breed was elected to a full term in the 2019 mayoral election against five relatively unknown candidates. In March 2019, Breed awarded a posthumous certificate of honor to Sinn Féin politician and former IRA member Martin McGuinness for his "courageous service in the military."The nomination had been made by the United Irish Societies, who had appointed him honorary marshal in the St. Patrick's Day parade. She apologized two days later following controversy over McGuinness's involvement with the IRA. On March 7, 2019, Breed and several other Northern California mayors endorsed Kamala Harris for president in the 2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries. Harris later dropped out of the race. On January 23, 2020, Breed endorsed Mike Bloomberg for president in the primaries. In December 2020, Governor Gavin Newsom announced that Alex Padilla would succeed Kamala Harris as U.S. senator after she was elected to serve as Vice President of the United States. Breed and former San Francisco mayor Willie Brown expressed disappointment that the replacement for the seat was not an African American woman as Harris was the only African American woman serving in the Senate at the time.Housing and homelessness Breed made homelessness an early focus of her administration. In October, she announced plans to build 1,000 shelter beds by 2020. To help achieve this goal, she introduced legislation declaring a shelter crisis in San Francisco, which allows the city to waive certain permitting and contracting requirements for homeless services. She also has worked to expand mental health and substance abuse recovery beds. When the Controller found an extra $415 million in property taxes, Breed introduced legislation to fund housing and homelessness programs with the discretionary portion of the funding. She also authored legislation with Supervisor Rafael Mandelman to expand San Francisco's conservatorship laws, based on California Senate Bill 1045, authored by State Senator Scott Wiener. Breed created a task force of members of the San Francisco Department of Public Works to clean up feces from city sidewalks, known as a Poop Patrol.Relationship with Mohammad Nuru Following the FBI's arrest of San Francisco Department of Public Works director Mohammad Nuru on corruption charges, Breed published an article on Medium on February 14, 2020, acknowledging a longtime friendship and a brief relationship with Nuru. The post also reported that Nuru gave Breed $5,600 for car repairs. Breed argued she did not have to disclose since her and Nuru's relationship preceded her mayoralty but was doing so in "the spirit of transparency." Supervisors Hillary Ronen and Matt Haney have criticized Breed's actions, saying that according to the city's ethics laws it is illegal for a supervisor to accept gifts from a subordinate. COVID-19 response San Francisco issued a state of emergency because of COVID-19 in February 2020, before the federal government suggested doing so, and San Francisco became one of the first American cities to go into lockdown. On March 2, Breed advised residents, "Prepare for possible disruption from an outbreak". Under the state of emergency, private gyms were required to shut down, but the city government petitioned Cal/OSHA for a waiver to allow various government employees to continue to use gyms in city-owned facilities, which were allowed to continue to operate.On April 24, 2020, Breed reported that her city's PPE orders had been diverted to other cities and countries. She said, “We’ve had issues of our orders being relocated by our suppliers in China. For example, we had isolation gowns on their way to San Francisco and they were diverted to France. We’ve had situations when things we’ve ordered that have gone through Customs were confiscated by FEMA to be diverted to other locations." In November 2020, Breed attended an eight-person birthday party at the Michelin 3-star restaurant French Laundry in Napa County during the COVID-19 pandemic in California. The event was held in a partially enclosed room, despite California Department of Public Health discouraging such gatherings with a recommended three-household cap. Napa County allowed indoor dining at the time without a household cap.Still, Heather Knight of San Francisco Chronicle noted that the event violated San Francisco health guidelines at the time. San Francisco banned indoor dining three days later. Breed and other California politicians such as Governor Gavin Newsom and Mayor Sam Liccardo were criticized for not following the same public health guidelines they administered. During the pandemic, sidewalks and parking spaces were turned into outdoor dining spaces. In 2021, Breed called for allowing small businesses to use sidewalk and parking spaces indefinitely as outdoor dining spaces. On September 16, 2021, videos surfaced showing Breed violating the city's mask mandate by not wearing a mask indoors while dancing at the Black Cat nightclub. She later explained the onstage reunion of the original members of Tony!Toni! Toné! "was something really monumental that occurred...I got up and started dancing because I was feeling the spirit and I wasn’t thinking about a mask." Breed later responded to critics, "Like, we don’t need the fun police to come in and try and micromanage and tell us what we should or shouldn’t be doing. No one has been more conservative about protecting themselves than I have, not just because I want to set an example, but because I don’t want to get COVID", she added. The city's mask mandate, advocated by Breed, requires everyone to wear a mask indoors regardless of vaccination status. At the time of her presence at the concert, she was photographed not socially distancing or wearing a mask.Legislative record Public safety Breed authored legislation in 2014 to allow the San Francisco City Attorney to pursue civil damages against graffiti taggers, instead of solely relying on criminal prosecutions to punish taggers. In 2016, City Attorney Dennis Herrera used these new penalties to win a civil judgment against serial tagger Terry Cozy that resulted in a $217,832 fine. The San Francisco Fire Department's response times to emergency medical calls spiked dramatically in 2014, with ambulances often unavailable to respond. Breed was outspoken in demanding improvements, pushing then-Mayor Lee to do more, expressing a lack of confidence in Fire Chief Joanne Hayes-White, and generating press attention for the issue. Breed fought for substantially more funding for emergency medical services, ultimately succeeding in getting $47.3 million invested to hire EMTs, paramedics, firefighters, and 911 dispatchers, as well as buy new ambulances and fire trucks, and improve SFFD facilities. Breed has cited her work on this issue as helping to reduce ambulance response times by over 26%. Her work also helped her earn the sole endorsement of the San Francisco Firefighters Local 798 union in the 2018 mayoral election.In 2015, Breed worked with then-Mayor Ed Lee to help add 400 new police officers to the San Francisco Police Department. After the shooting of Mario Woods by San Francisco police officers on December 2, 2015, Breed and Supervisor Malia Cohen passed a Resolution calling for a federal investigation of the shooting and a Department of Justice review of the SFPD's use of force policies. This ultimately resulted in 272 recommendations to improve the SFPD. In 2015, Breed led the effort to stop a proposed $380 million new jail for San Francisco, saying: “I’ve seen way too many people from my community, friends, even family members, end up on the wrong side of these iron bars,” and calling the jail proposal “a return to an era of mass incarceration, an era San Francisco is trying to leave behind.” She created a working group to develop an alternative to the jail proposal, including "new mental health facilities and current jail retrofits needed to uphold public safety and better serve at-risk individuals." In July 2019, Breed signed an ordinance effectively banning the sale of e-cigarettes in San Francisco, both at brick-and-mortar stores and online to a San Francisco address. Housing As Supervisor in 2014, Breed secured $2 million to renovate unused public housing units for formerly homeless families. In 2015, Breed helped pass "neighborhood preference" legislation to prioritize neighborhood residents for the affordable homes built in their community.When the federal Department of Housing and Urban Development threatened to block the legislation, she flew to Washington, D.C., with a delegation of San Francisco

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officials and persuaded it to let the program proceed. The program first went into effect for the Willie B. Kennedy apartments in Breed's district, with 39 units prioritized for community residents at risk of economic displacement. San Francisco passed legislation in 2015 to create the Neighborhood Commercial Transit District in the Divisadero and Fillmore corridors in her district. The laws removed housing density caps, allowing more homes to be built on a given parcel without increasing the building's size or height. The Affordable Divis group requested that Breed rescind the law, citing concerns about the availability of affordable units and lack of community input. She declined, citing the need for more homes in the city and conflicts with Proposition C from 2012. In April 2015, the city of San Francisco passed legislation to remove minimum parking space requirements for new buildings and allow unused parking spaces in existing buildings to be converted housing.Breed was the lead sponsor and co-sponsor of two housing ballot measures: Proposition A in 2015, a $310 million bond for affordable housing which passed with 74% support, and Proposition C in 2016, a $261 million housing bond that repurposed unused city bond funds for affordable housing and passed with 77% support. Breed joined Supervisor Ahsha Safai in supporting the 2018 "Housing for All" ballot measure, Proposition D, to increase the city's tax on commercial rents to "raise about $100 million a year to pay for 10,000 low- and middle-income housing units and shelter accommodations for the city’s homeless population over the next decade." After facing a competing tax increase measure, Prop D did not pass. In 2017, Breed coauthored legislation to provide civil counsel for tenants facing eviction, reducing the chances of vulnerable tenants unfairly losing their homes. Voters approved a similar measure in June 2018, Proposition F. Breed is a major advocate for modular housing, arguing that it can be built more quickly and cheaply than conventional construction, helping the city create more housing sooner. As Acting Mayor, she announced a partnership with labor unions to build a modular housing factory in or near San Francisco. As a candidate for mayor, Breed aligned herself with pro-housing leaders like State Senator Scott Wiener and the SF YIMBY (Yes In My Back Yard) Party, both of whom endorsed her.She committed to Mayor Lee's goal of building at least 5,000 new units of housing each year. In her inaugural address on July 11, 2018, Breed said: “The politics of ‘no’ has plagued our city for far too long—‘not on my block, not in my backyard.’ We have made mistakes in the past by not moving housing production forward all over this city. I plan to change the politics of ‘no’ to the politics of ‘yes.’ Yes, we will build more housing.” Transportation Muni and transit service Breed carried multiple pieces of legislation allowing Muni to purchase hundreds of new buses and replace its entire fleet of trains. Introduced over several years, her legislation provided for 50 hybrid buses, 260 light rail vehicles, 61 hybrid buses, 60 trolley buses, 98 hybrid buses, and 33 trolley buses. The 260 new light rail vehicles are slated to replace Muni's aging fleet of Breda trains, add 24 trains for the new Central Subway, and provide 85 more trains for added service throughout the system. Built by Siemens in Sacramento, the new trains are lighter and quieter than the ones they replace and project to run almost 12 times longer before needing major repair. The first Siemens train went into service in San Francisco in 2017.As Supervisor, Breed focused much attention on the N Judah Muni train line, which runs through District 5 and is the busiest Muni line in the city. She worked with Muni to launch a morning commute shuttle train, serving the most crowded stops from Cole Valley to Downtown. Breed worked with then-Supervisor Scott Wiener in 2013 to persuade Muni to change the seat layout in its trains from forward-facing to side-facing to create additional room for passengers. Muni initially refused to test the idea, so the Supervisors called a public hearing. Muni eventually agreed, testing the change on several trains. Riders preferred this design according to Muni's surveys, and Muni incorporated it into their new train designs. Breed worked with the San Francisco Municipal Transportation Agency and Bay Area Rapid Transit and carried the legislation to add cellular service for riders on Muni's underground trains.The lack of cell service has been a long-standing complaint by riders. Transportation funding Breed cosponsored 2014's Proposition A, a $500 million bond to fund street repaving, infrastructure repair, transit service improvements, and increased bicycle and pedestrian safety. It passed with 72% support. She was also the deciding vote to place 2014's Proposition B on the ballot, which required transportation funding to be increased with population growth. It passed with 61% support and now provides approximately $25 million per year for transit, bike, and pedestrian improvements. When Kezar Drive, a major thoroughfare in her district, fell into disrepair, Breed addressed what she called a "case study in bureaucracy" between the Department of Public Works and Recreation and Parks Department and got the road repaved. In 2015, Breed coauthored legislation to create San Francisco's Transportation Sustainability Fee (TSF), requiring residential developers to pay a fee toward transportation improvements.The legislation is generating approximately $14 million annually in new funds for Muni and other transportation projects. Breed also worked with Mayor Lee to add $48.1 million in funding in the San Francisco Municipal Transportation Agency Fiscal Year 2015-16 budget for "service increases, new capital investments, purchase of buses and trains, and bicycle and pedestrian safety enhancements." Also in 2015, she helped approve and secure funding for the Van Ness Bus Rapid Transit project, which is making infrastructure repairs and safety improvements to the Van Ness corridor and is projected to cut transit travel times by up to 32%. In 2017, Breed called for a hearing at the Board of Supervisors after the Municipal Transportation Agency disclosed that it had only spent 2% of the $500 million in bonds that voters had approved for transportation improvements more than two years earlier in 2014. Breed argued that delays at the SFMTA mean "our money grew less valuable and our transportation projects more delayed." Breed carried the legislation to place Regional Measure 3 on the San Francisco ballot in June 2018. The measure passed and "will be used to finance a $4.45 billion slate of highway and transit improvements."including BART, Muni, and Caltrain. Bikes and street safety During her first few months as Supervisor in 2013, Breed persuaded city departments to complete two new bike lanes on Oak and Fell Streets ahead of schedule, prompting the local transportation site StreetsblogSF to say she had “emerged as a bicycling champion.” She secured federal funding for the redesign of Masonic Boulevard in her district, which added bike lanes and traffic safety measures to one of the most dangerous corridors in the city. The official ribbon-cutting for the completed Masonic Avenue Streetscape Improvement Project between Geary Boulevard and the Panhandle took place in August 2018. The project cost $25 million. The bicycle improvements were limited to a buffered bike lane, which typically cost $15,000 per mile. Breed cosponsored the 2014 legislation to implement Vision Zero, a plan to eliminate all traffic fatalities via improved engineering, education, and enforcement. Breed's efforts to achieve Vision Zero in San Francisco have thus far been ineffective.As mayor, traffic fatalities increased 35% from 31 in 2018 to 42 in 2019. She also cosponsored the 2016 legislation to create the city's Transportation Demand Management (TDM) Program, in which housing developers provide transit benefits to their residents such as transit passes, bike parking, and carpool programs. When the SFPD began ticketing bicyclists for not completely stopping at stop signs in 2015, Breed became the first elected official in San Francisco to support the “Idaho Stop” law, which allows bicyclists to yield at stop signs instead of coming to a complete stop. A group of bicyclists protested the SFPD enforcement by completely stopping at all stop signs, a demonstration that "snarled traffic" and was "flanked by an army of TV cameras and amused onlookers." Breed and former Supervisor John Avalos wrote legislation to enact the Idaho Stop law, which passed the Board of Supervisors but was vetoed by Mayor Lee. Breed also passed legislation in 2015 banning certain obstructions to bike lanes and removing parking minimums in new buildings. A street construction project on Haight Street in Breed's district caused multiple safety issues in 2015 when Synergy Project Management, a subcontractor working under the General contractor Ghilotti Bros., repeatedly hit underground gas lines.Breed had work on the project stopped and called a hearing at the Board of Supervisors about the matter. She later passed legislation with then-Supervisor Scott Wiener to revise the city's contract awarding process, emphasizing a bidder's past safety record. In her 2016 reelection campaign Breed earned the sole endorsement of the San Francisco Bicycle Coalition, which said: "Breed has consistently supported smart, data-driven traffic enforcement and helped to move important bike projects.” Environmental protection CleanPowerSF Breed's best-known environmental work is likely her successful fight to launch the city's clean electrical energy program, CleanPowerSF, a Community Choice Aggregation program in which San Francisco purchases renewable, greenhouse-gas-free electrical energy and makes it available to San Francisco ratepayers. Its ultimate goal is to achieve 100% clean electrical energy in the city. According to the San Francisco Department of the Environment's Climate Action Strategy: "Moving to 100% renewable electricity is the single biggest step the City can take to reduce GHG [Greenhouse Gas] emissions. The potential GHG emissions reduction from this program is estimated to total 941,000 metric tons (mT) of CO2e annually by 2030." When Breed took office in 2013 CleanPowerSF had, according to the San Francisco League of Conservation Voters, "languished for 12 years" in the face of opposition from multiple mayoral administrations, the city's utility provider PG&E, and other business interests."Breed took it upon herself to get CleanPowerSF off the ground," said the League of Conservation Voters. Under the city's charter, the San Francisco Public Utilities Commission had ultimate authority to approve or reject the program. When they rejected proposed power rates for the program in August 2013, Breed authored a resolution at the Board of Supervisors, arguing: "In failing to set not-to-exceed rates for CleanPowerSF, the Public Utilities Commission is contradicting the policy directives of the Board of Supervisors...The Board of Supervisors refuses to acquiesce its policymaking authority to the Executive bureaucracy; and... If the Public Utilities Commissioners fail to set not-to-exceed rates, or hereafter fail in any way to timely implement CleanPowerSF, the Board of Supervisors shall, whether at the Board Chamber or the ballot, exercise every means at its disposal to enact its policy objective." Breed worked for the subsequent 17 months to launch CleanPowerSF, often fighting with the Lee administration. In January 2015 Mayor Lee announced he would support a slightly revised version of CleanPowerSF, and the program proceeded toward launch. In the summer of 2015 the International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers Local Union 1245, which represents PG&E employees, submitted a ballot measure, Proposition G, that would have imposed restrictions on CleanPowerSF.Breed and former Supervisor John Avalos wrote a competing measure, Proposition H, that would have required PG&E to disclose its use of nuclear power among other things. Following negotiations between IBEW representative Hunter Stern and Breed, Avalos, and their staff, IBEW agreed to oppose their own proposition and support Breed's measure. It passed with 80% support. Polystyrene ban In 2016, the city of San Francisco passed the nation's strongest ban on sale and use of products made from polystyrene foam, including expanded polystyrene foam (also called Styrofoam) for food service ware, egg cartons, coolers, and packing peanuts. The law made national and international news. In the final week of Breed's 2016 reelection campaign, she released a comical web video about the legislation, "Styrofoam Monster." In the ad, she chases away a bully who is dressed in a costume made of polystyrene foam.The San Francisco Chronicle wrote, "The award for most creative campaign ad goes to Board of Supervisors President <mask>d..[It] is akin to an ingenious high school video production." Drug take back legislation In 2015, the city of San Francisco passed legislation requiring drug manufacturers to fund a drug take-back program in San Francisco, enabling consumers to place unused medications in secure drop-off bins in pharmacies. Unused drugs are often disposed in the trash or toilet which can pollute waterways or lead to accidental poisonings. Breed published an op-ed in support of the legislation. It passed unanimously on March 17, 2015, making San Francisco only the third county in the nation to launch such a program. The program has collected well over 20 tons of medications. Despite her environmental record during her first term on the Board of Supervisors, the local chapter of the Sierra Club endorsed her opponent.This prompted Breed's then-Chief of Staff Conor Johnston to write a scathing article in the San Francisco Examiner accusing the local Sierra Club chapter of hypocrisy and "bewildering anti-environmentalism" for blocking new housing and engaging in "political tribalism." See also List of mayors of the 50 largest cities in the United States References External links |- |- |- 1974 births 21st-century African-American activists 21st-century American politicians 21st-century American women politicians Activists from California African-American mayors in California African-American women in politics American community activists American women civil servants California Democrats Living people Local government officers Mayors of San Francisco San Francisco Board of Supervisors members University of California, Davis alumni University of San Francisco alumni Women city councillors in California Women mayors of places in California African-American city council members in California 21st-century African-American politicians 20th-century African-American

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<mask> (born December 16, 1972) is an American musician and web developer from the Northern Virginia suburbs of Washington, D.C., United States. He is best known as leader of indie-rock band The Dismemberment Plan and as a solo artist. Early life After picking up various instruments around age 12, <mask> stuck with guitar and began forming bands throughout his high school days at Lake Braddock Secondary School in Fairfax County, Virginia. He was on Lake Braddock's English Team and claimed to be "pathetically happy" upon defeating the english team of Thomas Jefferson High School for Science and Technology one year. After "getting out of Fairfax" he attended The College of William and Mary in Williamsburg, Virginia for three years before dropping out to pursue a band. He worked at the campus radio station WCWM, which he claimed was "worth tuition right there." At WCWM he became well versed in many types of music, "from John Coltrane to German art rock."He continues to have wide-ranging musical taste to this very day, having claimed to enjoy everything from Britney Spears, Gladys Knight, XTC, Fugazi, Ludacris and Go-go. He finds additional inspiration in the music of Harry Nilsson, which he often listens to before a concert. The Dismemberment Plan In 1993, <mask> formed The Dismemberment Plan with old Lake Braddock friends. Despite his mother's initial reluctance, the band practiced in bassist Eric Axelson's basement frequently and began playing shows. By 1995 they released their debut album ! on D.C. based DeSoto Records. After original drummer Steve Cummings left the band, he was replaced by Joe Easley and the band's lineup would remain that way throughout their existence.<mask> was the guitarist and vocalist for The Plan from their formation in 1993 to their final show at the 9:30 Club in D.C in 2003. The band released four LPs and two EPs and gained a large following for their energetic live show, mostly due to <mask>'s "booty-shaking" moves onstage. Their final two studio albums Emergency & I and Change were some of the most revered rock albums in the late-90s and early-2000s . Despite this, the band continued to work freelance jobs on the side to support themselves, <mask> taking up various computer and graphic design jobs. Solo In 2004, <mask> moved to Seattle, Washington and began working closely in the studio with both Ben Gibbard and Chris Walla of Death Cab for Cutie, a frequent tourmate of The Plan. <mask> then began doing a nationwide tour of a solo show with just him and an acoustic guitar. The shows consisted of him doing mostly covers of songs varying a wide variety of genres (from Spoon to Fiddler on the Roof and beyond).He also began playing some songs he was working on for a solo album. Around this time, he posted up mp3s of songs he was working on for his solo album as well as a cover of Ludacris's "What's Your Fantasy" which was listed as a "must download" in Entertainment Weekly. In the summer of 2004, <mask> had moved back to the D.C. area and in September 2004 he released his first solo album, Travistan, through Barsuk Records. The album was co-produced by Chris Walla. <mask> Hellfighters In September 2004 <mask> assembled a band to play his solo songs live. Consisting of Brandon Kalber (bass, keyboards), Saadat Awan (drums), David Brown (percussion), Kristen Forbes (keyboards and backup vocals) and <mask> on vocals and keyboards. At first the band's live show consisted of three synths, percussion and drums but <mask> stated "none of us could play keyboards very well, so it was kind of hard after a while."Over time, Forbes left the band, the band introduced guitar & bass to their live sound and the band would begin touring as <mask> Hellfighters. <mask> and the Hellfighters continued to tour for the album and demoed new songs together. By the summer of 2005, the band had come into their own and were playing shows of entirely new material, only playing the occasional <mask>tan song. <mask> and the Hellfighters have finished a new album, titled All Y'all, that was released on August 21, 2007 and is currently streaming on <mask>' website and was produced by <mask>'s former bandmate, Jason Cadell. The album was mixed by Joel Hamilton. The final Hellfighters lineup (as of 2009) was: <mask> David Brown Brandon Kalber Vince Magno Thomas Orgren "Retirement" and current activities In the summer of 2009, <mask>'s official website was updated to state that he has retired from making music, and that there will be no more shows, records or bands. When The Dismemberment Plan reunited for shows in early 2011, <mask> said of the 'retirement', "I think I just didn’t have any plans for any solo music, and I just think I thought it sounded funny to say I was retiring ...I mean, it seems more fun than to say, 'I have no plans.'" <mask> currently works as the director of commercial development for The Huffington Post, and currently plays in a band called Time Travel with Matt Walsh of The Forms. In March 2011, he told Glide Magazine that Time Travel plans on making an album. In May 2012, D.C. label Bad Friend Records released a 7" of previously unheard material the <mask> Hellfighters recorded before breaking up. Personal life As of mid-2012, <mask> lives in the New York City area, works as a computer programmer (formerly at the Washington Post and then Huffington Post), and is married to journalist and podcaster Katherine Goldstein. <mask>'s other singing outlet has been regular participation in an Episcopal Church choir. Trumpeter of D.C. culture <mask> is notable for being very vocal about the culture of the Washington, D.C. area.<mask> has always insisted on touring with fellow D.C. acts, both with The Plan and solo. Despite releasing <mask>tan on Barsuk Records, he remains supportive of D.C.-based DeSoto Records. In his lyrics he makes mention to the area (see below), the liner notes to Change feature photos taken around Washington, D.C., notably of The Uptown Theatre. The logo for <mask>tan resembles the flag of the District of Columbia. He's a very active fan of Washington area sports, mainly the Washington Wizards. He placed a link on his website to an online petition to change the name of the Washington Nationals to the Washington Grays in honor of the old D.C. Negro leagues team. Both with The Plan and solo he frequently played and continues to play shows at D.C. live venue staples Black Cat, Fort Reno and the 9:30 Club.He has kicked around the idea of doing a tour of the outlying suburbs of D.C since he once lived in Lorton, Virginia and knows how difficult it can be to get downtown for a show. Recently around D.C. he has also done volunteer work with We Are Family D.C., a non-profit organization and returned to his William & Mary days by DJing with WMUC at the University of Maryland, College Park. He has also sung in several D.C. area church choirs, including a recent season with the National Cathedral. In 2005 through most of 2007 <mask> lived in the Capitol Hill neighborhood of Washington, DC with his girlfriend and worked for the website of The Washington Post, heading their advertising programming and production department. D.C. lyrical references <mask> frequently refers to D.C. area locations and themes in his songs. References include: The song "13th and Euclid" (!) is named after an intersection in Northwest D.C. in "Fantastic!"(! ): "I wouldn't go so far as to call it escape, but I'll head my way up I-95" in "I'm Going to Buy You a Gun" (! ): "I'm going to take you out on I-95" in "The Ice of Boston" (The Dismemberment Plan is Terrified): "...and I say 'oh fine, mom; how's Washington?!'" The song "The City" (Emergency and I) is about D.C. in "Spider in the Snow" (Emergency & I): "And as I would walk down K Street to some temping job, as winter froze life out of fall, I must have been having a ball." in "Ellen and Ben" (Change): "The Ocean City girls on the boardwalk, singing oh oh oh oh oh oh oh oh" In "My Two Front Teeth Parts 2 & 3" (<mask>tan): "In front of the Gap at the corner of M and Wisconsin" - the song illustrates a Georgetown mugging, in which the narrator loses his two front teeth, as a metaphor for the September 11, 2001 attacks ("The second I saw, but the first was sucker-punch city.") In "Get Me Off This Coin D" (<mask>tan): "You named a town, after me now, and no one there can vote" (from the perspective of George Washington, the last of a series of songs commemorating the four presidents on common United States coinage) In "Hawkins' Rock" (All Y'All): "Drivin' down I-95, son" and "Drivin' down I-81, yeah" In "I Do" (All Y'All): "swimming through the heat of a D.C. dawn" "East Side of the River" (All Y'All) is about the part of Washington, DC, east of the Anacostia River. Discography The Dismemberment Plan Can We Be Mature?(EP) (1994) ! (1995) Give Me the Cure (compilation) (1996) Ooh Do I Love You (compilation) (1996) The Dismemberment Plan Is Terrified (1997) Fort Reno Benefit (compilation) (1997) What Do You Want Me to Say? (single) (1997) The Ice of Boston (EP) (1998) Emergency & I (1999) Dismemberment Plan/Juno (split EP) (2000) Change (2001) A People's History of the Dismemberment Plan (compilation) (2003) Live in Japan 2011 (2011) Uncanney Valley (2013) SoloTravistan (2004) <mask> HellfightersAll Y'All (2007)Cruisin' (All Night Long) (single) (2012) The BurliesThe Burlies EP'' (2014) References External links Official site Blogcritics Interview with <mask> <mask> guest DJ/interview on Dissonance Radio American rock guitarists American male guitarists 1972 births College of William & Mary alumni Living people Guitarists from Virginia People from Lorton, Virginia Musicians from Washington, D.C. Barsuk Records artists

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<mask> is an American civil rights attorney who in September 2015 became the president of Democrats for Education Reform which promotes more charter schools, school funding and stricter teacher evaluations to revamp public education and resigned in 2017. A former assistant state Attorney General, he was a candidate in the 2014 election for Mayor of Newark, New Jersey, after which he became a partner at Lowenstein Sandler in August 2014. Background <mask> grew up in the South Ward of Newark. He lost his mother to violence and was raised by his grandmother, a public school teacher. He first attended Newark Public Schools and later received a scholarship to attend Seton Hall Preparatory School in West Orange. <mask> obtained his bachelor's degree from Duke University in 1996. After graduating he attended Columbia Law School where he served as managing editor of the Columbia Human Rights Law Review and clerked for the NAACP Legal Defense and Education Fund.He received his Juris Doctor in 1999. <mask> lives in the South Ward with his wife, Tenagne Girma-<mask>, and their two children. Career After law school, <mask> clerked for Judge Nathaniel R. Jones of the U.S. Court of Appeals. He then worked as an associate with Wilmer Cutler & Pickering. Since 2001, <mask> has been counsel at Gibbons P.C., a firm based at the Gateway Center in Newark. <mask> has been an associate professor at the Center for Social Justice at Seton Hall Law School since 2004. In 2008-2010, he took a leave of absence to serve as Assistant Attorney General and Counsel to New Jersey Attorney General Anne Milgram and led several departments, including the Juvenile Justice Commission and the Civil Rights Division.In April 2010, <mask> was elected to the Newark Public Schools Advisory Board. He became a partner at Lowenstein Sandler in August 2014. In September 2015 he became the president of Democrats for Education Reform which promotes more charter schools, school funding and stricter teacher evaluations to revamp public education. Mayoral candidacy <mask> announced his election bid on May 20, 2013. <mask> was relatively unknown in Newark, where typically one runs first for council and then for mayor. <mask> introduced a public safety plan in October 2013 As of January 2014, <mask> had raised the most campaign financing of the candidates. The election took place May 13, 2014 and <mask> was defeated by Municipal Council of Newark Council Member Ras Baraka.Other potential candidates, Council Members Anibal Ramos, Jr. and Darrin S. Sharif, had earlier dropped out of the race. <mask>' eight-member council slate includes incumbents East Ward Councilman Augusto Amador, North Ward Councilman Anibal Ramos, Jr. and At-large Councilman Carlos Gonzalez and candidates Brian Logan (South Ward). Kevin Waters (West Ward) and Andre Speight (Central Ward). Lynda Lloyd (At-large), and former Assemblyman Wilfredo Caraballo (At-large). In February he received an endorsement of William D. Payne and March from Donald Payne, Jr., both of whom who are part a long time Newark political dynasty. He has also been endorsed by the Teamsters, State Senator Teresa Ruiz and Assemblywoman Eliana Pintor-Marin. <mask> received the endorsements of Board of Chosen Freeholders President Blonnie Watson, Freeholder Vice-President Patricia Sebold and Freeholder D. Bilal Beasley.Hakeem <mask>, the Democratic member of the U.S. House of Representatives, representing New York's 8th congressional district in Brooklyn and Queens with roots in Newark, has also endorsed <mask>. In May he received the endorsement of Eva Longoria. <mask> was endorsed by The Star-Ledger. <mask> conceded the race to Baraka at the Golden Dome Athletic Center on election night. Scholarship In 2015 <mask> has established the Donna Johnson Memorial Scholarship to support the educational development of a young person who has experienced the loss of a parent, guardian, or loved one because of domestic violence, or whose life has otherwise been touched by violence against women. Success Academy Charter Schools Shavar <mask> resigned from the Board of Directors of the Success Academy Charter Schools in 2017. <mask> is a critic of Education Secretary Betsy DeVos and President Donald Trump.This position was in conflict with Success Academy chief executive officer Eva Moskowitz, who had supported Hillary Clinton, but was muted in her criticism of Trump until several days after <mask>' resignation. The resignation of <mask> came before Dan Loeb, Success Academy board chair and wealthy hedge fund executive made racial remarks about State Senate Democratic leader Andrea Stewart-Cousins. These comments triggered a PR crisis in the biggest charter network of NYC. Loeb's statement was the black lawmaker "did more damage to people of color than anyone who has ever donned a hood." Moskowitz said an apology for these remarks was necessary. The complete post of Loeb ridiculed the legislator for not supporting charter schools. He lauded State Senator Jeff Klein who was always vocal in backing charter institutions.93 percent of students enrolled as Success Academy are either Black or Latino. An article published in the New York Post last April 30, 2018 said Loeb will quit as Success Academy's chairman. Loeb was also criticized because of email exchanges with former Deputy Mayor Richard Buery in 2014 regarding the alleged insensitivity of Mayor Bill de Blasio of New York City towards charter school accomplishments. Education reform remains a controversial policy concern in the USA. The National Assessment of Educational Progress published a gloomy report showing many American high school senior students are not yet ready for college. This woeful situation stimulates the schools choice movement and supporters of charter schools which include <mask> <mask>. He demonstrated disappointment regarding the low-key political discussion regarding the worsening quality of primary and secondary education.References External links <mask> Jeffires Mayor 2014 We Need More <mask> Jeffries S@S Magazine SOTU 2016: President Obama's Education Legacy American community activists Politicians from Newark, New Jersey Living people 1976 births Seton Hall Preparatory School alumni Duke University alumni Columbia Law School alumni New Jersey lawyers African-American people in New Jersey politics Wilmer Cutler Pickering Hale and Dorr associates New Jersey Democrats 21st-century African-American people 20th-century African-American people

Piet Retief

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<mask> (12 November 1780 – 6 February 1838) was a Voortrekker leader. Settling in 1814 in the frontier region of the Cape Colony, he assumed command of punitive expeditions in response to raiding parties from the adjacent Xhosa territory. He became a spokesperson for the frontier farmers who voiced their discontent, and wrote the Voortrekkers' declaration at their departure from the colony. He was a leading figure during their Great Trek, and at one stage their elected governor. He proposed Natal as the final destination of their migration and selected a location for its future capital, later named Pietermaritzburg in his honour. The massacre of Retief and his delegation by the Zulu King Dingane and the extermination of several Voortrekker laagercamps in the area of the present town of Weenen led to the Battle of Blood River on the Ncome River. The short-lived Boer republic Natalia suffered from ineffective government and was eventually annexed to the British Cape Colony.Early life <mask> was born to Jacobus and Debora <mask> in the Wagenmakersvallei, Cape Colony, today the town of Wellington, South Africa. His family were Boers of French Huguenot ancestry: his great-grandfather was the 1689 Huguenot refugee François Retif, from Mer, Loir-et-Cher near Blois; the progenitor of the name in South Africa. <mask> grew up on the ancestral vineyard Welvanpas, where he worked until the age of 27. After moving to the vicinity of Grahamstown, Retief, like other Boers, acquired wealth through livestock, but suffered repeated losses from Xhosa raids in the period. These prompted the 6th Cape Frontier War. (Retief had a history of financial trouble. On more than one occasion, he lost money and other possessions, mainly through land speculation.He is reported to have gone bankrupt at least twice, while at the colony and on the frontier.) Such losses impelled many frontier farmers to become Voortrekkers (literally, "forward movers") and to migrate to new lands in the north. Retief wrote their (Dutch speaking settlers/ Boer) manifesto, dated 22 January 1837, setting out their long-held grievances against the British government . They believed it had offered them no protection against armed raids by the native bantus, no redress against Foreign Government Policies (British), and financially broke them through the Slavery Abolition Act 1833 which freed their slaves; with compensation offered to owners, which hardly amounted to a quarter of the slaves' market value. Retief's manifesto was published in the Grahamstown Journal on 2 February and De Zuid-Afrikaan on 17 February, just as the emigrant Boers started to leave their homesteads. Great Trek <mask>'s household departed in two wagons from his farm in the Winterberg District in early February 1837 and joined a party of 30 other wagons. The pioneers crossed the Orange River into independent territory.When several parties on the Great Trek converged at the Vet River, <mask> was elected "Governor of the United Laagers" and head of "The Free Province of New Holland in South East Africa." This coalition was very short-lived, and <mask> became the lone leader of the group moving east. On 5 October 1837 Retief established a camp of 54 wagons at Kerkenberg near the Drakensberg ridge. He proceeded on horseback the next day, accompanied by Jan Gerritze Bantjes and fourteen men with four wagons, to explore the region between the Drakensberg and Port Natal, now known as kwaZulu Natal. This was Bantjes's second visit to Port Natal, his first having been there in 1834 on the "Kommissitrek" reconnaissance mission . At Port Natal Retief was taken by the potential of the bay and the possibilities of it becoming a Dutch free trade port. Bantjes and two companions were sent back to the laager at Kerkenberg with a message to the camp on 2 November 1837, announcing to the trekkers that they may now enter Natal.Due to his favourable impression of the region, Retief started negotiations for land with the Zulu king Dingane kaSenzangakhona (known as Dingane/ Dingaan) in November 1837. After Retief led his band over the Drakensberg Mountains, he convinced Voortrekker leaders Gerrit Maritz and Andries Hendrik Potgieter to join him in January 1838. On Retief's second visit to Dingane, the Zulu agreed to Boer settlement in Natal, provided that the Boer delegation recover cattle stolen by the rival Tlokwa nation. This the Boers did, their reputation and rifles cowing the people into handing over some 700 head of cattle. At Retief's request, J.G.Bantjes drew up the famous Piet Retief / Dingaan Treaty outlining the areas of Natal to be secured for the Boers to settle and start their new farms and harbour. This was done and to be ratified at the Zulu King's kraal. Death Despite warnings, Retief left the Tugela region on 25 January 1838, in the belief that he could negotiate with Dingane for permanent boundaries for the Natal settlement.The deed of cession of the Tugela-Umzimvubu region, although dated 4 February 1838, was signed by Dingane on 6 February 1838, with the two sides recording three witnesses each. Dingane invited Retief's party to witness a special performance by his soldiers, whereupon Dingane ordered his soldiers to capture <mask>'s party and their coloured servants. <mask>, his son (<mask>lis), men, and servants, about 100 people in total, were taken to a nearby ridge, kwaMatiwane, named after Matiwane, one of Dingane's tribal chiefs who were executed in a horrific manner The Zulus killed the entire party by clubbing them and killed Retief last, so as to witness the deaths of his son, and his comrades. Retief's chest was sawn open and his heart and liver removed and brought to Dingane in a cloth. Their bodies were left on the KwaMatiwane hillside to be eaten by vultures and scavengers, as was Dingane's custom with his enemies. Dingane then directed the attack against the Voortrekker laagers, which plunged the migrant movement into temporary disarray and in total 534 men, women and children were killed. Following the Voortrekker victory at Blood River, Andries Pretorius and his "victory commando" recovered the remains of the Retief party.They buried them on 21 December 1838. Also recovered was the undamaged deed of cession from Retief's leather purse, written by Jan Gerritze Bantjes, Retief's secretary, as later verified by a member of the "victory commando", E.F. Potgieter. Two exact copies survive, (either of which could be the original) but legend states the original deed disappeared in transit to the Netherlands during the Anglo-Boer War. The site of the Retief grave was more or less forgotten until pointed out in 1896 by J.H. Hattingh, a surviving member of Pretorius's commando. A monument recording the names of the members of Retief's delegation was erected near the grave in 1922. Legacy The town of Piet Retief was named after him as was (partially) the city of Pietermaritzburg.(It is reported by the Voortrekker Minister of that time, Erasmus Smit, whom served with <mask> Retief, in his Diary, that on 23 October 1838 the Voortrekker "Council of the legislative body...has named the first village settlement... <mask> Maritz Burg. The first name is after the late deceased His Excellency <mask>, formerly the Governor, and the second name is after His Honour the late deceased G.M. Maritz, the President of the Council of policy in the camp." Some however continue to speculate that the "Maritz" part was a naming after Gerrit Maritz, another Voortrekker leader, from the start. However, Pietermaritzburg was originally Pietermauritzburg, thereby incorporating both Retief's first and second name. It was only afterwards that the "u" was dropped and it was decreed that Maritz also be remembered in the title. Rhodes University has a residence named after Retief, in Kimberley Hall.References Further reading External links <mask> <mask>, a short biography <mask> <mask>, biography Voortrekker Museum, Pietermaritzburg 1780 births 1838 deaths 19th-century South African people Afrikaner people Dutch Cape Colony people Great Trek History of KwaZulu-Natal Members of the Dutch Reformed Church in South Africa (NHK) People from the Western Cape 18th-century South African people

Michael J. Tyler

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<mask><mask> (27 March 1937 – 26 March 2020) dubbed "The Frog Man", was an Australian herpetologist and academic, noted for his research on frogs and toads, chiefly with the University of Adelaide. <mask> was born in Britain, and early developed an interest in herpetology. While working as a volunteer at the British Museum, he was advised to go to Australia and Papua New Guinea if he wanted to do any ground-breaking research on amphibians. Around 1958–1959 he hitch-hiked to Australia. He joined the University of Adelaide staff as a laboratory technician in 1961, studying and researching part-time, and by 1971 had been promoted to Laboratory Manager, Department of Human Physiology and Pharmacology. In 1974 he qualified MSc, and in 1975 won a position as Lecturer, Department of Zoology. He was promoted to Senior Lecturer in 1979 and was appointed Associate Professor of Zoology in 1984.In 2002 he was awarded D.Sc. and appointed Visiting Research Fellow. His research into amphibians both in Australia and overseas was continuous and extensive, with support from organisations as diverse as the South Australian Museum (in 1965, his first overseas travel grant), the Mark Mitchell Foundation, Rotary International, Australian Geographic magazine, Hamilton Laboratories, Australian National University, Mount Isa Mines and the World Wildlife Fund. Apart from descriptive, habitat, behaviour, identification and taxonomic work, which includes identification of new species, his research investigated novel chemicals which have found or may find, pharmaceutical and industrial uses such as fluid balance medications, sunscreens and adhesives. He investigated frog populations as an indicator of the environmental health of aquatic systems and frog mutations as an indicator of pollution. He is one of many who have worked on Australia's Cane toad (previously Bufo marinus, now Rhinella marina) pest problem. He was prominent in research into the world-wide phenomenon of the disappearance of frogs, even entire species, notably in Australia the two species of gastric-brooding frog (Rheobatrachus vitellinus and Rheobatrachus silus), which were declared extinct shortly after their discovery).He was in the forefront of research into Australia's fossil frog record. He was very public in the promotion of frogs as pets, as sources of potentially useful substances, and as an indicator of environmental quality, arguing that a species useful to humans will necessarily be protected. He was involved in a variety of nature documentaries, notably Nature of Australia (1988), ABC Natural History Unit in association with the BBC and WNET, broadcast within their Nature series, and David Attenborough's Life on Earth series (1979). He was a longtime member of the board of the South Australian Museum and its chairman 1982–1992. He was president of the Royal Zoological Society of South Australia and was President of the Royal Society of South Australia 1985–1986. Recognition Royal Society of South Australia – Verco Medal 1980 Field Naturalists Club of Victoria – Australian Natural History Medallion 1980 Elected Fellow, Australian Institute of Biology 1988 City of Adelaide Citizen of the Year, Australia Day 1993 Order of Australia 1995 "for service to zoology, particularly through the research and conservation of Australian amphibians" <mask>y Eureka Prize for Science Communication 1997 Elected Fellow, American Association for the Advancement of Science 1998 Riversleigh Society – Riversleigh Medal 1998 "for contributions to Australian Palaeontology" Ig Nobel Prize 2005 for research into frog odours Bibliography <mask> was the author or co-author of a large number of books and over 300 scientific papers, mostly on amphibians: <mask><mask> An account of collections of frogs from Central New Guinea Australian Museum, Sydney (1963) <mask><mask> The frogs of South Australia South Australian Museum, Adelaide (1966) <mask><mask> Papuan hylid frogs of the genus Hyla E.J. Brill, Leiden (1968) <mask><mask> The cane toad Bufo marinus : an historical account and modern assessment Vermin and Noxious Weeds Destruction Board, Victoria and Agriculture Protection Board, Western Australia (1975).<mask>. <mask> Frogs Collins' Australian naturalist library (1976) <mask>. <mask> Amphibians of South Australia (section, Handbook of the flora and fauna of South Australia) Government Printers, Adelaide (1978) <mask>. <mask> There's a frog in my throat/stomach Collins, Sydney (1984) <mask> A natural history museum : behind the scenes Bookshelf, Gosford, N.S.W. (1992) <mask>. <mask> Australian frogs : a natural history Reed, Chatswood, NSW (1994) <mask>. <mask> The action plan for Australian frogs Australian Nature Conservation Agency, Canberra (1995) <mask>. <mask> Frogs as pets : a guide to keeping the Australian Green Tree Frog (Litoria caerulea) Graphic Print Group, Richmond, S.Aust (1996) <mask>. <mask> It's true : frogs are cannibals Allen & Unwin, Crows Nest, N.S.W. (2004) Joint authorship etc. <mask><mask> (compiler) An annotated bibliography of the frogs of Papua New Guinea : (up to and including 1971) South Australian Museum, Adelaide (1973) Linda Trueb and <mask>. <mask> Systematics and evolution of the Greater Antillean hylid frogs Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas, Lawrence (1974) <mask>. <mask> and Marion Anstis Taxonomy and biology of frogs of the Litoria citropa complex (Anura: Hylidae) Govt. Printer, Adelaide (1975) C.R. Twidale, M.J<mask> and B.P. Webb (eds.)Natural history of the Adelaide region Royal Society of South Australia, Northfield, S. Aust. (1976) <mask><mask> and Angus A. Martin Taxonomic studies of some Australian leptodactylid frogs of the genus Cyclorana Steindachner South Australian Museum, Adelaide (1977) M.J<mask>, C.R. Twidale and J.K. Ling (eds.) Natural history of Kangaroo Island Royal Society of South Australia, Adelaide (1979) <mask><mask> (ed.) The status of endangered Australasian wildlife Royal Zoological Society of South Australia, Adelaide (1979) <mask><mask>, Margaret Davies and Angus A. Martin Australian frogs of the Leptodactylid genus Uperoleia Gray CSIRO, Melbourne (1981) <mask><mask>, Margaret Davies and A.A. Martin Frog fauna of the Northern Territory : new distributional records and the description of a new species Royal Society of South Australia, Adelaide (1981) M.J<mask>, C.R. Twidale, J.K. Ling and J.W. Holmes Natural history of the South East Royal Society of South Australia, Adelaide (1983) <mask><mask> (ed.)The gastric brooding frog Croom Helm, London & Canberra (1983). C.R. Twidale, M.J<mask> and M. Davies (eds.) Natural history of Eyre Peninsula Royal Society of South Australia, Adelaide (1985) <mask><mask> and Margaret Davies Frogs of the Northern Territory Conservation Commission of the Northern Territory, Darwin (1986). C.R. Twidale, M.J<mask>, and M. Davies (eds.) Ideas and endeavours : the natural sciences in South Australia Royal Society of South Australia, Adelaide (1986) <mask>. <mask> ; designed by Lynn Twelftree An introduction to frogs Bookshelf Publishing Australia, Gosford, N.S.W.(1987) M.J. Tyler & G.A. Crook Frogs of the Magela Creek system Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra (1987) <mask>. <mask> The biology and systematics of frogs : contributions submitted to The University of Adelaide 1958–2002 (Thesis 2002) M.J<mask> (ed.) et al, Natural history of the north east deserts Royal Society of South Australia, Adelaide, S. Aust. (1990) Ronald Strahan, series editor Encyclopedia of Australian animals : the National Photographic Index of Australian Wildlife / <mask>. <mask> Frogs The Australian Museum (1992) <mask><mask>; photographs by Kathie Atkinson Earthworms Bookshelf Publishing Australia, Gosford, N.S.W., (1992) M.J<mask>, L.A. Smith, R.E. <mask> Frogs of Western Australia Western Australian Museum, Perth, W.A. (1994) M. Davies, C.R. Twidale and M.J. <mask> (eds.)Natural history of the Flinders Ranges Royal Society of South Australia, Adelaide, S. Aust. (1996) M.J. <mask>, R. Short Identification of diseases contributing to the decline of frog populations in South Australia : final report to the Wildlife Conservation Fund pub. by the authors, Adelaide (1996) <mask><mask> and Frank Knight Field guide to the frogs of Australia CSIRO Publishing, Colllingwood, Vic (2009) <mask>. <mask> & Paul Doughty Field guide to frogs of Western Australia (2009) <mask><mask>, Steve G. Wilson and Angus Emmott Frogs of the Lake Eyre Basin : a field guide Desert Channels Queensland, Longreach, Qld. (2011) References External links Interview with Roger Carthew <mask><mask>: List of all publications 1958–2006 <mask><mask>: Curriculum Vitae 1937 births 2020 deaths Australian ecologists Australian herpetologists Australian zoologists Australian people of English descent Officers of the Order of Australia University of Adelaide faculty

Hans Freeman

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<mask> AM, FAA (26 May 1929 – 9 November 2008) was a German-born Australian bioinorganic chemist, protein crystallographer, and professor of inorganic chemistry who spent most of his academic career at the University of Sydney. His best known contributions to chemistry were his work explaining the unusual structural, electrochemical, and spectroscopic properties of blue copper proteins, particularly plastocyanin. He also introduced protein crystallography to Australia and was a strong advocate for programs to ensure Australian scientists have good access to "big science" facilities. <mask> has received numerous honours, including being elected a Fellow of the Australian Academy of Science (FAA) and appointed a Member of the Order of Australia (AM) by the Australian Government. He was a charismatic lecturer who voluntarily continued teaching well into his formal retirement and imbued his students with a love of science. Biography Early years and education <mask> was the first and only son of Karl and <mask> and was born in Breslau in Germany in 1929 (now Wrocław, Poland). In 1938, following a tip-off from a Nazi party member, Karl decided to relocate his Jewish family to Australia.Karl brought his knowledge of detergents (a novelty in Australia at the time) to his new homeland, applying it to the problem of cleaning blood-stained blankets that would otherwise be wasted. After the war, he founded K. H. Freeman Pty Ltd, a detergent and soap manufacturing company; <mask> spent many weekends working in the factory, gaining a practical insight into chemistry. <mask> adapted well to his new environment, quickly mastering his new language and demonstrating his outstanding scholastic ability. He was dux of his primary school, dux of Sydney Boys High in 1945, and took his bachelor's degree with the university medal in chemistry in 1949. He was one of the ten chemistry students in his class at Sydney Boys High to go on to become Professors of Chemistry. After receiving his MSc in 1952 under the supervision of Raymond Le Fèvre FRS, <mask> attended Caltech on a Rotary Foundation Fellowship where, at the urging of Linus Pauling, he learned the fundamentals of crystallography. He received a PhD in 1957 for his work on the structure of biuret hydrate, where he completed most of the calculations for the crystal structure by hand.Personal life <mask> came to Australia with his parents and his sister, Eva. Following the death of his father in 1958, he became a Director of K. H. Freeman Pty Ltd, which continues to operate today. He met Edith Siou in 1964 and they married in 1966. They have two children, Maeva and Philip. Career <mask> was appointed to the faculty of the University of Sydney in 1954 as a Lecturer, working his way up until he was made the inaugural Professor of Inorganic Chemistry in 1971. <mask> pioneered the use of computers in crystallography in Australia, working on SILLIAC (the Australian cousin of the University of Illinois' ILLIAC machine and Australia's second computer) after its installation in 1956. His research group extended its interests beyond purely organic compounds and on to metal complexes (such as copper biuret, one of the first bioinorganic substances to be structurally determined) and went on to determine the structures of numerous metal complexes of amino acids and peptides.In 1970, the focus of <mask>'s research became protein crystallography and he turned his attention to the blue copper proteins (cupredoxins) and particularly the electron transport protein plastocyanin. The intensely blue colour of plastocyanin and its unusual redox properties had frustrated all attempts to synthesise a small molecule mimic. It was not until 1977 that his group finally determined the structure of plastocyanin crystallised from the poplar tree (see diagram at right); this was the first protein crystal structure determined in the southern hemisphere. Together with subsequent work in collaboration with Ed Solomon, this work led to understanding of the unusual geometry of the copper metal site (see diagram at left) as well as the spectroscopic and electrochemical properties characteristic of blue copper proteins. Later in his career, <mask> developed an interest in the applications of EXAFS spectroscopy to metalloprotein structure, collaborating with both James Penner-Hahn and Keith Hodgson. Working together, the <mask> and Hodgson groups were, in 1988, the first to determine a new crystal structure of a protein using the multiple wavelength anomalous dispersion (MAD) method. Throughout his career, <mask> was concerned about the influence of the tyranny of distance on the development of Australian science.For this reason, in 1972 <mask> and Alexander Boden AO, FAA, founded the Foundation for Inorganic Chemistry at the university to bring international scholars to the department to deliver a course for graduate students and give seminars for faculty. The inaugural Foundation scholar was nobel laureate Linus Pauling and the Foundation has brought many other eminent research chemists to Australia. The Foundation has thus functioned to increase Australian awareness of state of the art international research, increased international recognition of Australian research, and allowed graduate students to interact with leading chemists based in institutions far from Australia. Many of the students have gone on to post-graduate or post-doctoral positions with a Foundation scholar. <mask> also provided advice to the Australian Government on the problem of access to "big science" facilities. This included making major contributions to the report Small Country - Big Science in his work for the Australian Science and Technology Council. The report emphasised the need for Australian researchers to have access to facilities such as synchrotron X-ray and high intensity neutron sources, and led directly to the formation of the Australian Synchrotron Research Programme (ASRP) to fund access to such facilities.<mask> served as a board member of the ASRP until its functions were subsumed under the newly commissioned Australian Synchrotron in 2008. The Australian expertise developed as a consequence of ASRP-supported research led to the Australian Synchrotron being built a decade sooner than would have otherwise been the case. <mask> retired from his Chair in 1997, and was succeeded by Len Lindoy FAA. Nevertheless, he continued working in research and became Emeritus Professor of Chemistry and Emeritus Professor of Molecular and Microbial Biosciences. He also voluntarily continued teaching at first-year level. His lecturing was described as "charismatic" and "teaching was a love and a privilege and never an obligation" for him. <mask> was principally responsible for the establishment of structural biology as a discipline in Australia.He founded the first protein crystallography laboratory in Australia; by the time of his death, there were at least 15 active research groups carrying out protein crystallography in Australia and New Zealand. Many former members of the Freeman research group have moved on to join one of these other groups. The groups interact through the Society of Crystallographers of Australia and New Zealand (SCANZ); <mask> was instrumental in forming the organisation (then called the Society of Crystallographers of Australia) in 1976, and was its Foundation President. Working as a crystallographer, <mask>'s major legacies are the understanding of plastocyanin and other blue copper proteins, and development of the MAD method as an extension of EXAFS spectroscopy. <mask>'s work in ensuring Australian scientists have access to "big science" facilities will continue to assist researchers into the future. His teaching also leaves a legacy of "generations of students imbued with a love of science". Honours and awards <mask> was recognised for his professional achievements with Fellowships in the Royal Australian Chemical Institute (RACI) in 1968, the Royal Society of Chemistry in 1984, and the Australian Academy of Science in 1984.<mask>'s contributions were also recognised by the Australian Government with a Centenary Medal in 2001 for "service to Australian society and science in chemistry" and with his appointment as a Member of the Order of Australia in June 2005 for "service to science and scientific research in the field of bio-inorganic chemistry, particularly through the establishment and development of the discipline of crystallography in Australia". <mask> received numerous awards over his long career. In 1980, <mask> received the Burrows Award, the premier award of the Inorganic Chemistry Division of the RACI. He was also awarded the 1999 Leighton Memorial Medal which is "the RACI's most prestigious medal and is awarded in recognition of eminent services to chemistry in Australia in the broadest sense." In 2007, he received both the Australian Academy of Science's Craig Medal and an RACI Distinguished Fellowship. Most cited publications The number of citations indicated for each of the following papers are from Web of Science data as at 22 June 2013: X-Ray crystal-structure analysis of plastocyanin at 2.7 Å resolution --- 707 citations --- 642 citations --- 388 citations --- 257 citations --- 209 citations References Australian chemists 1929 births Jewish emigrants from Nazi Germany to Australia 2008 deaths Fellows of the Australian Academy of Science Members of the Order of Australia Recipients of the Centenary Medal University of Sydney alumni University of Sydney faculty People educated at Sydney Boys High School 20th-century chemists

Ursula Katherine Duncan

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<mask> (17 September 1910 – 27 January 1985) was a botanist with a special interest in mosses and lichens, and a lifelong love and knowledge of flowers. She was entirely self-educated in botany, and corresponded with numerous professional and amateur colleagues, who contributed to her scientific development. She published on bryology, lichenology and vascular plants. The University of Dundee awarded her an honorary doctorate in 1969 for her work as a plant taxonomist and soon after, she was chosen to receive the Linnaean Society's H. H. Bloomer Award for 1973. As well as pursuing her botanical interests, she took charge of the <mask> family's Scottish estate. Early life and family She was born on 17 September 1910 in Kensington to <mask> née Weston and Commander <mask> CB RN. The family, including her younger sister Frances, lived in London when the girls were little but moved to their estate at Parkhill near Arbroath when <mask> was nine.Soon after that she started to take an interest in plants, accompanying her father on expeditions to study flowers, and joining the Wild Flower Society. She had a governess for a time, but studied independently too, getting a distinction in classics when she took her School Certificate exams at 15. Later, she followed this up with independent study leading to external degrees in classics from the University of London: a BA in 1952 and MA in 1956. She was also a talented pianist with a good grasp of music theory, and qualified as LRAM. During the Second World War <mask> worked in Inverness for the Censorship Department, until her family changed suddenly in August 1943. Less than a week after her sister married and moved away, her father died. She took on overall managerial responsibility for the extensive family landholding she inherited, which included 600 acres of farmland.This generated an income which allowed her to pursue her interests. Botany Mosses In 1931 she joined the Botanical Society of the British Isles and in 1938 joined the British Bryological Society, of which she was made an honorary member in 1980. Sphagnum species were a particular interest, and <mask> became a leading mid-20th century British authority on these. She drew up distribution maps and contributed significantly to records of new sightings: for instance, she found mosses that had not been noted since the 19th century, like Grimmia unicolor and Bryum dixonii. Her correspondence with other bryologists helped her initially when John Bishop <mask> encouraged her studies, and then she became known as a generous, knowledgeable and conscientious correspondent with her botanical friends and acquaintances, including people who asked for help with identifying specimens. Her obituarist in the Journal of Bryology, Dr. E.V. Watson, thought the following were her most important writings on the subject.1956 A bryophyte flora of Wigtownshire. Trans. Br. bryol. Soc. 3, 50-63. 1960 A survey of the bryophytes and lichens of 'The Burn', Kincardine, Trans.Proc. bot. Soc. Edinb. 39, 62-84. 1962 Illustrated Key to Sphagnum mosses. Trans.Proc. bot. Soc. Edinb. 39, 290-301. 1962 The bryophytes and lichens of the Loch Tay area. Rep. Scott.Fld. Stud. Ass. 1962, 20-31. 1966 The bryophytes of the Kindrogan area. Rep. Scott. Fld.Stud. Ass., 1966, 10-16. 1966 The bryophyte flora of Angus. Trans. Br. bryol. Soc.5, 1-82. Lichens <mask> took up lichenology after Walter Watson and R.H. Burn helped introduce her to it, and found herself working in a field that was not thriving in the UK of the 1940s and '50s. She played an important role in reawakening interest in lichens, through her courses at the Kindrogan field centre and her contributions at British Lichen Society field meetings. She was a founder member of the British Lichen Society and contributed many of the Scottish records in W. Watson's Census Catalogue of British Lichens (1953). 1959 A Guide to the Study of Lichens, Arbroath: T. Buncle & Co. 1963 Lichen Illustrations. Supplement, etc., Arbroath: T. Buncle & Co. 1970 Introduction to British lichens, with P. W. James, Arbroath: T. Buncle & Co.Flowers and other vascular plants Some friends claimed <mask> loved flowers above all other plants, and she enjoyed gardening at Parkhill. She had a special interest in the floras of her home county of Angus and also of East Ross-shire and Mull. Her work in Mull helped initiate a British Museum project on the flora of Mull. 1980 Flora of East Ross-Shire, [Edinburgh] : Botanical Society of Edinburgh Legacy When she did field work with others, she encouraged beginners and shared her knowledge and enthusiasm with them as she did with experienced naturalists too. Her obituaries describe her walking vigorously over hilly ground in wild countryside seeking out interesting specimens: "tireless tramping". Outdoor work, teaching and writing were among <mask>'s great strengths. She refused opportunities to join formal committees, and when she was given her doctorate she never used the title Dr. She was a Fellow of the Linnaean Society (FLS) as well as being honoured by their H.H.Bloomer award.. Shortly before her death at Arbroath on 27 January 1985 her sizeable collection of vascular plants with taxonomic significance was given to the Dundee Museum. The Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh has her cryptogam collection including important lichen records and other material. Parents Her mother was born Beatrice Dorothy Percy Weston. Her father had a successful naval career as a senior officer. In the year <mask> was born he started a War Office job in London, from which he retired in 1919. For much of his daughter's life he was a locally prominent landowner with a specialist interest in breeding Suffolk sheep.Frances Louise was Mrs. Frances Gunner at the time of her sister's death. References Additional sources Natural History Museum Plant Collectors Biography for <mask>, <mask> (1910-1985) Mark Lawley, <mask> <mask> Note She wrote as <mask><mask>. Sometimes her name is given as <mask> <mask>. 1910 births 1985 deaths Scottish botanists Bryologists Fellows of the Linnean Society of London Women taxonomists People from Kensington Women botanists Members of the British Bryological Society

Michael O'Hehir

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<mask> (also known as <mask>'Hehir and ; 2 June 1920 – 24 November 1996) was an Irish hurling, football and horse racing commentator and journalist. Between 1938 and 1985 his enthusiasm and memorable turn of phrase endeared him to many. He is still regarded as the original 'voice of Gaelic games'. Early life O'Hehir was born in Glasnevin, Dublin to parents who had moved from Clare. His father, Jim O'Hehir, was active in Gaelic games, having trained his native county to win the 1914 All-Ireland title in hurling. He subsequently trained the Leitrim football team that secured the Connacht title in 1927 and he also served as an official with the Dublin Junior Board. O'Hehir was educated at St. Patrick's National School in Drumcondra before later attending the O'Connell School.He later studied electrical engineering at University College Dublin, but he abandoned his studies after just one year to pursue a full-time career in broadcasting. O'Hehir never played football, but he enjoyed a distinguished hurling career with the St. Vincent's club in Raheny. Broadcasting career Early career O'Hehir became fascinated with the radio when he received a present of one as a child. He had just turned eighteen and was still a schoolboy when he wrote to Radio Éireann asking to do a test commentary. O'Hehir was accepted and was asked, along with five others, to do a five-minute microphone test for a National Football League game between Wexford and Louth. His microphone test impressed the director of broadcasting so much that he was invited to commentate on the whole of the second half of the match. Two months later in August 1938 O'Hehir made his first broadcast - the All-Ireland football semi-final between Monaghan and Galway.He went on to commentate on the second semi-final and that year's final between Galway and Kerry. The following year he covered his first hurling final - the famous "thunder and lightning final" between Cork and Kilkenny. Sports broadcasting in Ireland was still in its infancy at this stage, however, O'Hehir's Sunday afternoon commentaries quickly became a way of life for many rural listeners. The Polo Grounds Final By the mid-1940s O'Hehir was recognised as one of Ireland's leading sports broadcasters. In 1947 he faced his most challenging broadcast to date when he had to commentate on the All-Ireland Football Final from the Polo Grounds in New York City. Over 1,000,000 people were listening to the broadcast back in Ireland and O'Hehir was the one link between the game in New York and the fans in Ireland. The broadcast had to be finished by five o'clock local time, but the match ran late.The last few minutes of O'Hehir's commentary included him pleading with the broadcast technicians not to take him off the air. His pleas were successful and the Irish people were able to listen to the game in full. Horse racing In 1944 O'Hehir joined the staff of Independent Newspapers as a sports sub-editor, before beginning a seventeen-year career as racing correspondent in 1947. His racing expertise was not just limited to print journalism as he became a racing commentator with Radio Éireann in 1945. Even though O'Hehir's star was on the rise with the national broadcaster in Ireland, he applied to the BBC for a position as racing commentator. His application was accepted and he provided commentary for the Cheltenham Gold Cup. The BBC bosses were sufficiently impressed with O'Hehir to offer him further commentaries.O'Hehir subsequently became a staple of the BBC's coverage of the famous annual Grand National steeplechase. He would invariably pick up the commentary at the Becher's Brook fence and take the race to Valentine's Brook, a vital section of the race where many a favourite fell. Foinavon's famous victory in 1967 will be remembered as one of O'Hehir's finest moments in racing commentaries and won him great respect for the speed and smoothness with which he picked out the unconsidered outsider. O'Hehir later confessed in an interview that it had been his inability to identify the colours on his card when inspecting the riders silks in the weighing room prior to the race that had led him to question rider John Buckingham who his mount was. Buckingham advised O'Hehir that Foinavon's silks had been changed at the last minute as his regular green colours were considered unlucky. It was because of this chance meeting that he was able to identify the 100/1 outsider and carry the commentary. However, in the 1969 Grand National, O'Hehir made a horrendous error stating eventual winner Highland Wedding had fallen at Bechers Brook (2nd circuit), when it was a horse called Kilburn that actually fell.He only covered three TV Grand Nationals (1967, 1968 and 1969), afterwards he would continue to cover the race for BBC Radio until 1981. In addition to horseracing O'Hehir also covered showjumping, including the Dublin Horse Show at the RDS in Ballsbridge. Head of Sport In 1961 Ireland's first national television station, Telefís Éireann, was founded and O'Hehir was appointed head of sports programmes. As a result of his influence O'Hehir secured the broadcasting rights to the closing stages of the All-Ireland hurling and football championships for the new station. As well as his new role O'Hehir continued to keep up a hectic schedule of commentaries. Current affairs broadcasting O'Hehir's skills did not just confine him to sports broadcasting and, in November 1963, he faced his toughest broadcast. By coincidence he was on holidays with his wife Molly in New York City when US President John F. Kennedy was assassinated.O'Hehir was asked by Telefís Éireann to provide the commentary for the funeral. The live five-hour broadcast proved a huge challenge for him, as he had had no association with political or current affairs broadcasting up to that point and lacked the resources available to more established television stations. O'Hehir's commentary, however, won widespread acclaim in Ireland and showed a different side of his nature. He later described it as the most moving and most demanding commentary of his career. O'Hehir was known in the United States prior to this as he had worked with ABC as a racing commentator. His presentation of the Kennedy funeral brought offers from American broadcasters, however, he preferred to remain in Ireland. O'Hehir later provided commentaries for other non-sporting events such as the reburial of Roger Casement (who had been executed in 1916) in 1965 and the celebrations marking the golden jubilee of the Easter Rising in 1966.Later career In the early 1970s the initial challenge of being head of sport had faded as Telefís Éireann was now an established broadcaster. In 1972 he became manager of the newly designed Leopardstown Racecourse but left the following year to continue writing and broadcasting as a freelance journalist. This work took him to the United States where he commentated for NBC in races such as the Arlington Million. This association with the American broadcaster lasted well into the eighties. In 1975 O'Hehir was honoured by The Late Late Show with a special tribute show. In the 1984 People of the Year Awards he was one of the winners. In his commentary O'Hehir aimed at impartiality but admitted that he was always blamed for being "against the losers."Similarly he was also blamed for making a game out of nothing. Shortly after Dublin defeated Galway in 1983 in a tense All-Ireland final about thirty Dublin supporters attacked him in the commentary box when he was commentating at another match in Navan. Only the presence of an armed detective - there to protect the microphone - saved him from serious injury. Illness and later life In August 1985 O'Hehir was preparing to commentate on the All-Ireland hurling final between Offaly and Galway. It would be a special occasion as it would mark his 100th commentary on an All-Ireland final. Two weeks before the game he suffered a stroke which left him using a wheelchair and with some speaking difficulties. This illness denied him the chance to reach the century milestone.O'Hehir was subsequently replaced by Ger Canning on television, and on radio by Mícheál Ó Muircheartaigh. He had hoped to return to broadcasting one day to complete his 100th final; however, this never happened. In 1987 the centenary All-Ireland football final took place and a special series of events was planned on the day at Croke Park. There was a parade of the 1947 Polo Grounds finalists; however, the biggest cheer of the day was reserved for O'Hehir who was pushed onto the field in a wheelchair by his son Peter. Nobody expected the standing ovation and the huge outpouring of emotion from the thousands of fans present and from O'Hehir himself. Over the next few years O'Hehir withdrew from public life. He returned briefly in 1996 when his autobiography, My Life and Times, was published.Death <mask>'Hehir died in Dublin on 24 November 1996. Centenary The centenary of his birth was on 2 June 2020. Quotes "And if there's anybody along the way there listening in, just give us five minutes more" - O'Hehir saving the 1947 Polo Grounds Final for all the Irish listeners "Ring in front of the goal is going through. He steadies himself, he takes a shot. It's blocked by Art Foley and it's cleared out by Art Foley. Oh, what a magnificent save there by Art Foley" - O'Hehir's description of Art Foley's famous save in the final moments of the 1956 hurling final "And Tom Cheasty breaks through with Kilkenny defenders falling around him like dying wasps" - during one of the Kilkenny - Waterford games of the late 1950s or early 1960s "And it looks like there’s a bit of a schemozzle in the parallelogram" - O'Hehir's ubiquitous euphemism for a fight "The greatest freak of all time" - after Mikey Sheehy lobs the ball into the goal while Dublin goalkeeper, Paddy Cullen is arguing with the referee "And it looks as if they were winning the way the Offaly men are just dithering and dawdling there...and here they come. This is Liam Connor the full-back...a high, lobbing, dropping ball in towards the goalmouth...a shot and a GOAL, a GOAL, a GOAL FOR OFFALY!There was a goal in the game! A goal. Oh, what a goal!" - O'Hehir's reaction as Séamus Darby scores the winning goal for Offaly in the 1982 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final, denying Kerry a famous fifth consecutive All-Ireland title. "And the bare-footed wonder with the ball now" - O'Hehir's description of Babs Keating who played some of the 1971 All-Ireland Hurling Final in his bare feet "And there he is, Alan Lotty. He may be bootless, he may be sockless, he may be stickless, but he is certainly not ball-less." - O'Hehir's unusual description of Cork's Alan Lotty after he discarded his boots and socks and lost his hurley in a collision with another player "And it is a penalty.And Paddy Cullen, heaven help him, in there in the goal" - during the 1974 all-Ireland football final. "And the Jacks are back alright and the way they're playing right now the Galway backs are jacked!" See also List of people on stamps of Ireland References 1920 births 1996 deaths Alumni of University College Dublin Gaelic games commentators Irish Independent people Irish sports broadcasters People educated at O'Connell School People from Glasnevin RTÉ Radio 1 presenters RTÉ television presenters St Vincents (Dublin) hurlers GAA people from County Dublin Sportspeople from County Dublin

Barry Smith (footballer, born 1974)

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<mask> (born 19 February 1974 in Paisley) is a Scottish football coach and former player who serves as an assistant coach with Canadian club York United. As a player, <mask> played in the right back, centre back, and defensive midfielder roles for Celtic, Dundee, Valur, Partick Thistle, Greenock Morton and Brechin City. <mask> was admitted into Dundee's Hall of Fame having made 400 appearances for the club. <mask> played on loan for Brechin City while managing the Dundee under-19 side. He became Dundee first team manager in October 2010, when the club had entered financial administration. During this period, <mask> led the team to a club record 23-game unbeaten streak in the league. He has since managed Alloa Athletic, Aldershot Town, East Fife, Raith Rovers and Brechin City.Club career <mask> began his career with Scottish Premier League side Celtic. He made his début aged 17 and played 22 games, including two Old Firm matches, between 1991 and 1995. <mask> never gained a regular place at Celtic Park and joined fellow Scottish side Dundee in August 1995. He quickly established himself in the team at right-back and was made club captain in 1997, the same year Dundee achieved promotion to the Premier Division. After playing with the Dens Park side for ten-and-a-half seasons, <mask> reached his testimonial year. He also took on the role of joint caretaker manager (with Bobby Mann) for the final two games of the 2005–2006 season following the dismissal of Alan Kernaghan. Valur At the end of the 2005–2006 season, <mask> transferred to Icelandic outfit Valur, helping them to third place (in 2006) and winning (in 2007) the Icelandic Premier Division, their first championship in 20 years.Partick Thistle and Greenock Morton During the Icelandic close season, <mask> was loaned back to Scottish clubs. In January 2007, he joined Partick Thistle, making 18 appearances and scoring one goal, while in January 2008 he joined Greenock Morton, making 5 appearances until he underwent a cartilage operation which kept him out for the rest of the season. Return to Dundee On 4 November 2008, <mask> returned to Dundee as U19 coach, with his registration as a player following in January, whereupon he was loaned out to neighbours Brechin City, with the ability to be recalled at any time. Brechin City's status as a part-time team enabled <mask> to continue in his role as U19 Coach at Dens Park. Coaching career Dundee On 15 October 2010, <mask> was appointed manager of Dundee. He succeeded Gordon Chisholm, who had been made redundant after the club entered administration. <mask> led the team to a club record unbeaten league streak of 23 games, guiding Dundee to safety despite the team receiving a 25-point deduction for entering administration for the second time in seven years (confirmed after a 0–1 win away to Ross County).This was rewarded, on 10 May 2011, when <mask> signed a new three-year deal at Dundee, contracting him as manager until the end of the 2013–14 season. Despite finishing second in the 2011–12 Scottish First Division, Dundee were admitted to the Scottish Premier League due to the liquidation of Rangers. Dundee struggled in the early part of the 2012–13 Scottish Premier League, winning three out of 22 matches. Despite this, the Dundee board restated their backing for <mask>, citing the difficulty in adjusting to the SPL in unusual circumstances. However, just 47 days later, <mask> and Dundee parted company. His sacking was criticised by St Johnstone manager Steve Lomas, believing <mask> deserved another chance. Alloa On 1 July 2013, <mask> joined Ross County as the club's Under-20s coach.In January 2014, <mask> was appointed manager of Scottish Championship club Alloa Athletic. He guided Alloa to the final of the 2014–15 Scottish Challenge Cup. Alloa defeated Rangers in the semi-final, with <mask> noting the fact he had become the first Alloa manager to win a match against Rangers. <mask> said in December 2014 that he hoped to return to a full-time management job. After a run of one win in 13 matches, he resigned as Alloa manager in March 2015. Aldershot On 27 April 2015, Aldershot Town appointed <mask> as their manager. He resigned a year later due to family issues.East Fife <mask> was appointed manager of Scottish League One club East Fife in December 2016. He left the club on 30 May 2017. Raith Rovers After leaving East Fife, <mask> took over as manager of recently relegated Scottish League One side Raith Rovers on 30 May 2017. Rovers finished second in 2017–18 Scottish League One, narrowly missing out on automatic promotion and then losing in the playoffs to Alloa. <mask> resigned from his position on 4 September 2018, with the team sitting in second place. Brechin City <mask> was appointed Brechin City manager in November 2018. On 13 July 2019, <mask> was forced to play himself in a League Cup game against Forfar Athletic due to a shortage of players, nine years after retiring from playing.<mask> left Brechin on 19 August 2019, after they had lost their first three matches of the 2019–20 Scottish League Two season. Forfar and Dundee return <mask> was made assistant manager for Forfar Athletic underneath manager Jim Weir in October 2019. During <mask>'s short tenure with the Loons, Weir was recovering from a car crash, and eventually had to resign due to complications caused by the crash. As part of a new change in management, <mask> left Forfar shortly after. <mask> made his return to Dundee a couple of weeks later, taking up a role in the club's academy headed by Gordon Strachan and Stephen Wright. Dumbarton <mask> was appointed Jim Duffy's assistant at Scottish League One side Dumbarton in January 2020 after the departure of Craig McPherson. York United On 23 February 2022, <mask> joined Canadian Premier League side York United as an assistant coach under former Canadian international Martin Nash.Managerial statistics Honours Player Dundee Scottish First Division: Champions 1997–98 Valur Icelandic Premier Division : Champions 2007 Manager Dundee Scottish First Division: promotion 2011–12 References External links 1974 births Living people Footballers from Paisley, Renfrewshire Scottish footballers Association football defenders Scotland under-21 international footballers Scottish Premier League players Celtic F.C. players Scottish Football League players Dundee F.C. players Scottish expatriate footballers Expatriate footballers in Iceland Valur players Scottish expatriate sportspeople in Iceland Partick Thistle F.C. players Greenock Morton F.C. players Brechin City F.C. players Scottish football managers Dundee F.C. managers Alloa Athletic F.C.managers Aldershot Town F.C. managers East Fife F.C. managers Raith Rovers F.C. managers Brechin City F.C. managers Scottish Football League managers Scottish Premier League managers Scottish Professional Football League managers Dumbarton F.C. non-playing staff Scottish expatriate football managers Expatriate soccer managers in the United States Scottish expatriate sportspeople in the United States Expatriate soccer managers in Canada Scottish expatriate sportspeople in Canada York United FC non-playing staff

Genevieve Fiore

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<mask> (1912–2002) was an American women's rights and peace activist, who was the founder, and served as the executive director, of the Colorado Division of United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). Her UNESCO Club was founded in the year the clubs were first conceived and was the third organization established in the world. In 1967 she was honored as one of the inductees for the Colorado Women of Achievement Award. She was knighted by Italy in 1975 receiving the rank of Cavaliere dell'Ordine della Stella d'Italia. In 1991, she was inducted into the Colorado Women's Hall of Fame for her many years of peace activism and work with women's rights issues. Early life <mask>’Amato was born January 20, 1912, in Sunrise, Wyoming, to Italian immigrants, Lorenzo and Anna D'Amato. Her parents had immigrated to the United States in 1908 from Petina, Italy.Her father was a miner, who taught himself blacksmithing and in 1919, moved with his family to Welby, Colorado. Initially, D'Amato attended a Catholic parochial school, but when she learned the school was not accredited, she campaigned for the Adams County School Board to allow she and her brother to attend a school outside of their district. The Board eventually paid half of the children's tuition and allowed them to attend Union High School #1, where they were ostracized as the first Italians in the school. D'Amato worked to overcome the stereotyping of her classmates and became senior class president and the salutatorian of her class. Her graduation with honors enabled D'Amato to earn a tuition waiver scholarship at the University of Colorado, but as her family could not afford her room and board, she did not accept the scholarship. On June 25, 1933, D'Amato married the printer John R<mask> and they subsequently had three children: David, Phillip Dominic and Roxanna. Community service Having experienced personal discrimination, and losses of family members in both World War I and World War II, <mask> was passionate about creating a world focused on peace and tolerance.From the formation of the Steele Community Center in north Denver in 1937, <mask> worked as a volunteer. While serving as a board member of the Steele Center in 1947, <mask> learned that Denver was to host a regional United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) conference. The first UNESCO Club had been established a few months earlier by Koichi Ueda in Japan. Using the center’s registration, she attended the conference as an official observer and collected literature at the event to begin a UN library. She founded a UNESCO group at the Steele Center, though she initially had trouble getting others to support her pacifist views. When no one else would accept the chairmanship, <mask> took the role, planning to hire an executive director. The founding of the organization in 1947, marked only the third UNESCO club in the world, preceded by Ueda's group in Sendai and one founded in Kyoto.Urged to stay on and supported by family members <mask> became the executive director and worked an average of 70 hours per week as a volunteer. Through a school adoption program, <mask> and her club members provided clothing and school supplies to a school in Siculiana, Sicily as their first project and a few months later, adopted a school on the outskirts of Athens. <mask> presented programs on radio and television, at schools and organizations, discussing UNESCO’s projects and relief programs. Her presentations, totaling over 4,000, included her being on agendas with governors, congressmen, government officials, and businesswomen, urging international goodwill and cooperation. She traveled throughout the state, and attended conferences in New York City, as well as internationally, including British Columbia, Canada; Italy; Japan; and Mexico. In 1953, <mask> helped create Il Circolo Italiano (The Italian Circle) to promote friendship and understanding for the Italian-American community of Denver. The organization offered free Italian lessons.In 1955, she became a supporter of Japan's Peace Pole Project and in 1984 attended the World Federation of UNESCO Clubs, Centres and Associations (WFUCA) World Congress, held in Sendai. Until 1959, the Denver UNESCO organization was operated out of the <mask> family's basement. In that year, she moved the office and International Hospitality Center to the Denver International House and continued as executive director for another fourteen years. <mask> retired in 1974, but she continued her involvement with the International Hospitality Center, hosting foreign visitors and encouraging others to participate. She also attended the International Women's Conference and Tribunal held in Mexico City in 1975. The tribunal was a non-governmental meeting, while the conference was the official government meeting. Both sessions were held at the same meeting so that delegates participated in discussions on official policy and program implementation to improve women's educational opportunities, equality, economic position and collaboration.The 1975 UN World Conference on Women, which was part of the International Women's Year focus, was a precursor in the development of the provisions of Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW). <mask> felt invigorated by the experience and pledged to continue to work for women's empowerment. In 1977, <mask> chaired the Colorado Women’s Conference plan of action committee and received top votes to go as the state delegate to the National Women’s Conference in Houston. In 1979, she established the Genevieve <mask> Educational Trust Fund which provides awards annually to high school students who write essays about the United Nations. In 1983, the United States withdrew its UNESCO membership, citing mismanagement of funds, but <mask> argued for Denver's group, which had never utilized government funds, to continue its independent status. Her campaign was successful and in 1986, the organization changed its name to the UNESCO Association of Colorado. In 1994, <mask> began producing and hosting a weekly radio program called "Focus International", which examined international educational projects and UNESCO initiatives.<mask> died March 10, 2002, in Denver and was buried in Mount Olivet Cemetery. Awards and honors In 1967 <mask> was honored as one of the inductees for the 1966 Colorado Women of Achievement Award along with Elizabeth McAulliffe Calabrese and Sabina O’Malley. She was recognized nationally when she received the Freedoms Foundation's George Washington Medal and received the international Michelangelo Medal from UNESCO. On 15 October 1975, she was knighted by Italy receiving the Order of the Star of Italian Solidarity. She was inducted into the Colorado Women's Hall of Fame in 1991. See also List of peace activists References Citations Biography External links Oral History Project: Interview with Fiore by Laura McKinley, July 22, 1989. Colorado Women's Hall of Fame 1912 births 2002 deaths People from Platte County, Wyoming American women's rights activists Pacifist feminists

Andrew Brough

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<mask> (7 May 1963 – 2 February 2020) was a singer, songwriter and guitarist from Dunedin, New Zealand. Best known for his work with the Straitjacket Fits, he later led the band Bike. In 1996 he was shortlisted for the APRA Silver Scroll and in 2008 he was inducted into the New Zealand Music Hall of Fame. Early life <mask> was born in Wellington in 1963, the eldest of four children of former missionary <mask> and his wife Catherine. The family moved to Dargaville in the Northland Region when <mask> was about three, and later to Christchurch. <mask>'s parents separated in the early 1970s, with Gordon moving south to Dunedin. <mask> joined him around 1974, with his siblings (two boys and a girl) staying in Christchurch, and would attend Logan Park High School.The Blue Meanies and The Orange Brough, who had always been a keen singer, began his rock music career as the singer for university student band The Blue Meanies, alongside Martin Kean on bass, Max Satchell on guitar and Richard Allen on drums. They were regular performers at venues like Dunedin's Empire Tavern, but didn't leave behind any studio recordings. At the time, <mask> was influenced by 1960s pop. "I spent three or four years listening to that music after I left school. [...] In the sixties they had a strong sense of melody, which influenced me a lot." Following the demise of The Blue Meanies, <mask> formed the Dunedin sound three-piece The Orange with Jonathan Moore (bass, formerly of Bored Games) and Peter Bragan (drums) in 1984. He had "hated just being a frontman", so played guitar as well as singing with The Orange.They played gigs in Dunedin at venues including the Oriental Tavern, where a live recording of the song 'Number One' was made in 1985. It was included in a local compilation tape, Whistle Up A Wind, the next year. Their only studio recording, a five-track EP entitled Fruit Salad Lives, was released by Flying Nun Records shortly before the band broke up in 1986. Writing under the pseudonym 'Buffy O'Reilly', Shayne Carter said that "<mask>'s airy vocals and melodic, unabrasive guitar lends the five track EP a floating, almost Chilly quality." Later that year, The Orange disbanded when <mask> and Carter became bandmates. Straitjacket Fits (1986–1991) <mask> became better known as guitarist and vocalist alongside Shayne Carter in Straitjacket Fits, a role he held from 1986 (prior to that band's first release) until 1991, when he left the group following the tour to support their second album, Melt. In his book, Dead People I Have Known, Carter writes that Straitjacket Fits began as a three-piece, with a mutual friend recommending <mask> as a fourth member.″<mask> seemed a good fit for our band, because I really wanted to have harmonies and another singer, like in The Beatles. The first time <mask> stepped on the mic and played his round, Revolver guitar, we knew we'd hit on a sound." Shayne Carter and <mask> were often likened to Lennon and McCartney – a pair of songwriting, guitar-playing bandmates with different styles (one tending towards pop and the other more aggressive), which made for a successful musical collaboration but a difficult personal dynamic. <mask> was a regular backing vocalist, his voice providing a contrasting counterpoint to Carter's. In his five years with the band he wrote and sang seven songs. Life in One Chord EP (1987) 'Sparkle That Shines' was on the band's debut release, the Life in One Chord EP (1987), and also the UK/US version of Hail (1988). Looking back on the song, <mask> said "I don’t like the singing so much [...] because it’s quite pompous and young.[...] I remember in the studio when it was coming together, you could tell that it was going to work." But he liked the band's first recording: "The first EP, I was really proud of. I was thinking, 'Shit, I’m on that! I was part of that', it was good." Hail and touring (1988–1989) 'Take From the Years' and 'Fabulous Things' are found on all versions of Hail (the New Zealand version didn't include 'Sparkle That Shines', but the US/UK one did). <mask> said that the album "didn’t come to fruition musically. It wasn’t something I was proud of.[...] I did two songs on that Hail record, and I didn’t like either of them very much." In 1989 Straitjacket Fits toured overseas for the first time, visiting the USA and Europe. "For me it was just a big holiday, to see the world. I was so into American movies and American culture [...] It didn’t bother me if we didn’t have a good gig or not, we were there, doing it!" Melt (1990) Melt (1990) included 'Down in Splendour', 'Such a Daze', and 'Hand in Mine'. Another Brough song, 'In Spite of it All', was recorded during sessions for Melt and included on the Missing From Melt EP (it was also the b-side of the 'Bad Note For a Heart' single). 'Down in Splendour' was released as a single (Audioculture calls it "the most radio and record company friendly track on the album") and became Brough's most successful Straitjacket Fits song.In 2001, it was voted 32nd in the APRA Top 100 New Zealand Songs of All Time. Departure (1991) and recognition (2008) <mask>'s time with Straitjacket Fits ended after the band toured North America in 1991, when he "thought that musically I wasn't achieving what I wanted to achieve". Their American label, Arista, wanted more Brough songs from the band and <mask> himself also wanted to write more. The other three members of the band preferred Carter's heavier numbers. There had been "a good tension" between the two songwriters, but "the last few weeks of that American tour were quite argumentative." Carter believed that <mask> had stopped committing to the band: "<mask> went off on a really weird trip, and completely dark-manned out. He wasn’t trying at gigs, he would actually give up on stage, we’d be playing a show, and look across at this dude who was sitting there.It just became impossible to work together, and it was no fun either." In a 2008 interview, bassist David Wood said that Shayne Carter and <mask> had "no relationship" and "the two did not work closely together". <mask> left Auckland and moved to Dunedin. Mark Peterson replaced him and was a member of Straitjacket Fits until their split in 1994. While a lot of focus was given to the tension between them, Shayne Carter has written that they also had a lot of common ground. He praised the melody and extra dimension Brough brought to the band, and wrote that Straitjacket Fits "never worked as well" and "became a plainer band" without <mask>. <mask> was invited but did not take part in a Straitjacket Fits reunion in 2005.In September 2008 all five band members, including <mask>, received the Legacy Award at the New Zealand Music Awards, and were inducted into the New Zealand Music Hall of Fame at the APRA Silver Scroll Awards. Bike (1992–1998) After leaving Straitjacket Fits <mask> moved to Dunedin, then Auckland. In Dunedin he spent 6 months writing songs, then re-emerged fronting a group known as Tumble before switching the name to Bike (inspired by the 1967 Pink Floyd song of the same name). <mask>'s new band played their first show in Dunedin in October 1992, supporting The Verlaines. In Auckland he put together Bike's first acknowledged line-up, finding drummer Karl Buckley through an advertisement, then recruiting bassist Tristan Mason through a family connection of Buckley's. (Buckley was later replaced by Wayne Bell, then Bevan Sweeney). Bike was deliberately designed as a vehicle for Brough's songs.After being a minority contributor to Straitjacket Fits he wanted to "be in charge of a band where I have to write music". <mask> described Bike's sound as "powerful pop songs", while others used descriptions like "soothing, cheerful and sunny". Dave Eggleton, in Ready To Fly, said "Bike's sound was a homage to 1960's psychedalia". Bike first toured New Zealand in 1994, having already been offered an album deal by Flying Nun but not yet released any music. Their first song to be released was "My Love, My Life", on 1995 Abba tribute album Abbasalutely. <mask> described the song as, "drippy - yes but with a worthy enough hook to throw some guitars at." Bike released a self-titled EP in 1996: the song 'Save My Life', was a songwriting finalist at the 1996 APRA Silver Scrolls, and Bike was nominated as 'most promising new band' at the New Zealand Music Awards.Take in the Sun 'Save My Life' was followed up with the single 'Circus Kids' in 1997, and a debut record, Take in the Sun, later that year. Through the previous years of writing, rehearsing and touring, <mask> had a clear template for the album before recording began. "The fact that most of the songs were demoed to death in the proceeding couple of years, meant that going into the studio, I had it fairly well worked out what it was going to sound like in the end, just through a lot of four-track demoing." While the album was funded by Mushroom Records, like all of Bike's material it was released by Flying Nun Records. The American version of the album, part of the March Records catalogue, had a slightly altered cover with different typography. Take in the Sun made the New Zealand album charts, at number 47, in October 1997. The band toured New Zealand and overseas to support the release, while <mask> was featured on the covers of magazines including Pavement and Real Groove.Increased media attention, including a large photo in a Sunday newspaper, led <mask> to worry about being "recognised in the street". The video for Welcome to My World featured Shayne Carter, <mask>'s old Straitjacket Fits bandmate, as a policeman. Along with the Circus Kids video, it was directed by Jonathan King. The Save My Life video was directed by Mark Tierney. Bike's music was sometimes heard in the background of television soaps including Australia's Home and Away. This was believed to be main source of Brough's music-related income. As long-time broadcaster Jonathan Alley of RRR recounts, "After a Bike song was licensed for use on television, it created [for] <mask> a bit of windfall and with that money he brought a house."Andy Dandy (2000) The last <mask> song to be released was a version of James K. Baxter's poem Andy Dandy. It was made especially for the 2000 album Baxter. <mask>'s was one of 12 contributions to the project, which was conceived and managed by musician Charlotte Yates. While he was happy to accept her invitation to be a part of recording the album 'Baxter', he chose not to appear at the accompanying concert. Music critic Graham Reid said that "<mask> has taken one of Baxter's children's poems and turned it into an archetypical dreamscape of layered guitars." <mask> died in Dunedin on 2 February 2020. Public reports of his death were first made two days later, on 4 February.He was 56 years old. Awards Aotearoa Music Awards The Aotearoa Music Awards (previously known as New Zealand Music Awards (NZMA)) are an annual awards night celebrating excellence in New Zealand music and have been presented annually since 1965. ! |- | 2008 || <mask> (as part of Straitjacket Fits) || New Zealand Music Hall of Fame || || |- References External links Bike, Straitjacket Fits, and The Orange profiles on Audioculture Bike – 1997 Single 'Welcome to my world' 1963 births 2020 deaths APRA Award winners Musicians from Dunedin Flying Nun Records artists Musicians from Wellington People educated at Logan Park High School Dunedin Sound musicians Straitjacket Fits members

Hugh Talbot

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<mask> (15 October 1844 – 31 October 1899), born <mask>, was an Irish tenor best known for creating, to universally bad reviews, the role of Frederic in the Gilbert and Sullivan hit The Pirates of Penzance in the original New York production. After beginning his career in Italy in 1872, <mask> performed Italian opera in England in 1877–1878 with Mapleson's Italian Opera company. He was then engaged by Richard D'Oyly Carte in 1879 to originate the role of Frederic. After his critical disaster in the role, <mask> toured unsuccessfully with several American opera companies, settling in California in 1881, where he became a successful voice teacher. Life and career Early life and career Born at Portobello Barracks near Dublin to Edward Brennan and his wife Margaret, <mask> was the fifth of six siblings. He and his family moved to London by 1851, where he was reportedly a choirboy as a youth and later clerked for a lawyer. An amateur tenor by 1868, <mask> sang with such groups as the Moray Minstrels.By 1872, <mask> travelled to Italy to study music, where he began to perform under the name Signor Ugo Talbo in 1872, appearing in Giuseppe Verdi's Rigoletto, as the title character in Faust and as Alvaro in La Forza del destino, among other roles, and in concerts until at about 1876. He returned to Britain in 1877 and became a principal tenor at Her Majesty's Theatre with Mapleson's Italian Opera company. Still performing as Ugo Talbo, he first sang the Duke in Rigoletto. While The Times review praised him generally, it commented that he still had much to learn. The Era, however, called him "a new tenor of considerable merit. ... He has an excellent voice, of good compass, and sympathetic in quality.It is brilliant and effective especially in the upper portion. ... Signor Talbo has, besides, a good stage presence and his acting is characterised by earnestness." He also played the title role in Faust opposite Christina Nilsson. By the end of the season, The Musical Times stated that <mask> "has gradually worn out the welcome accorded to him on his debut". In August that year, he embarked on a two month long concert tour in Scandinavia. After Christmas, <mask> rejoined the Mapleson company as Fabrizio in L'Ombre by Friedrich von Flotow, earning another warm review from The Era. He subsequently toured in 1878 with Mapleson as Carlo in Linda di Chamonix, but afterwards he was seen only in a few concerts with the company and in a few concerts elsewhere.D'Oyly Carte experience In the autumn of 1879, Richard D'Oyly Carte sent one of his theatrical companies to play the first authorized production H.M.S. Pinafore in America, and the company also prepared for the opening of the next Gilbert and Sullivan opera, The Pirates of Penzance, for its première in New York. Pinafore opened at the Fifth Avenue Theatre in New York City on December 1, 1879, and <mask> was cast in the leading tenor role of Ralph Rackstraw. The opening night review of Pinafore in The New York Times commented , "The Ralph Rackstraw, Mr. <mask>, has a light, pleasant tenor voice, which was not thoroughly under his control last evening, and he is also the best actor who has appeared here in the character". On 31 December 1879, he created the role of Frederic in The Pirates of Penzance. <mask>'s Frederic was perhaps the most roundly criticized performance of any Gilbert and Sullivan opera's opening night. Nearly every critic eviscerated him in reviews.The New York Times reviewer wrote: The essential part of the young pirate apprentice received inadequate attention from the tenor. His make-up resulted in his appearing, in the first act, to be of advanced age; he was not, apparently, acquainted with his lines, and his singing was weak and tame. But the others were so spirited and generally enthusiastic that the effect of the opera was not materially injured by this weak spot in the cast. The World was not much kinder: "Mr. <mask> sang some of the airs allotted to the tenor admirably, but he was utterly innocent of any appreciation whatever of the humor of the situations and shamefully ignorant of his lines." The Herald added: "The members of the company were not all perfect in their parts, Mr. <mask> seriously interfering with the full effect of some good points by groping after his cue in a most vague manner." Unkindest of all was the Sun, whose critic said: "Mr. <mask>, the tenor, had unfortunately apparently not thought it necessary to commit his lines, and made nonsense of much of his role, reflecting no credit upon himself, and nearly bringing the play at times into confusion". Similar sentiments were reflected in the Mirror, the Tribune, and The Hour.Sullivan, for his part, was equally displeased, writing to his mother on January 2, 1880: "Our Company and all the Chorus are charming people and devoted to us, and spared themselves no pains or trouble to do their work thoroughly well. All except the Tenor, who is an idiot – vain and empty-headed. He very nearly upset the piece on the first night as he didn't know his words, and forgot his music. We shall, I think, have to get rid of him". <mask> remained with the company in New York until March 6, 1880, when he left the company following an argument with Gilbert. In the interim, he had briefly travelled to Philadelphia to play Frederic for the opening of Carte's Second American Company. He apparently played at some additional performances in March and April in Boston and New York.W. S. Gilbert scholar Andrew Crowther noted, "The Sorcerer, H.M.S. Pinafore and The Pirates of Penzance are bound together by their tenor heroes. But Gilbert had problems with his tenors – George Bentham ... and <mask>. ... It is not surprising, therefore, to see that in the next two operas [Patience and Iolanthe] the tenor roles are much smaller and less significant". After D'Oyly Carte After leaving D'Oyly Carte, <mask> appeared on tour with Tagliapietra's Opera Company in the US in such operas as Il Trovatore, Faust and Martha. He next joined the Blanche Roosevelt English Opera Company as Epitmethius in an unsuccessful production of B. C. Stephenson and Alfred Cellier's The Masque of Pandora in Boston in 1881.Again performing as Signor Ugo Talbo, he then joined an opera company, organized by Max Strakosch Clarence Hess, for a few weeks, in Faust and Mefistofele. After this, in August 1881, he moved to San Francisco, California, where he joined Inez Fabbri's opera company in Carmen and La Dame blanche, but the season was a failure. Nevertheless, <mask> lived for the rest of his life in California, singing in concerts and becoming a successful singing teacher. <mask> died in Stockton, California, in 1899. Notes References External links Discussion of the preparations for Pirates and noting the criticism of <mask> Irish operatic tenors 1845 births 1899 deaths 19th-century Irish male opera singers 19th-century British male opera singers Irish emigrants to the United States (before 1923)

Ishay Ribo

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<mask> (, born 1989) is an Israeli singer-songwriter. An Orthodox Jew, he has gained popularity in Israel among Haredi, national-religious, and secular Jewish audiences. He has released four studio albums, two of which have been certified gold and one which went platinum. Biography <mask>, born 1989 to a traditional Sephardi Jewish family in Marseille, France. His parents also grew up in France, having immigrated from Morocco and Algeria in their youth. His father began to take on more religious observance in France, and when Ribo was eight and a half years old, the family made aliyah to Israel, where the family became completely Torah-observant. Early on, they resided in Kfar Adumim, where <mask> attended a national-religious elementary school.After six months he transferred to a Haredi Talmud Torah in Jerusalem. He later studied in yeshivas in Kiryat Sefer and Gilo, the latter program designed for French olim (immigrants to Israel). Since his marriage he studies at Midreshet Ziv, an Orthodox kollel in the Sha'arei Hesed neighborhood of Jerusalem. <mask> began working on his first album shortly before enlisting in the Israeli Defense Forces for a two-year stint. He served in the Technology and Maintenance Corps, and sang in the IDF Rabbinical Choir during the last six months of his service. <mask> and his wife Yael have three sons and reside in the Kiryat Moshe neighborhood of Jerusalem. Music career <mask> began singing at the age of eight; at age thirteen, he began writing, composing and recording songs at his home.Four years later, having composed 100 songs, he learned to play the guitar. Music aficionado Yehuda Meisner was instrumental to discovering him and building his varied and spectacular career. After receiving a slap from Meisner whilst sleeping in his tour bus, <mask> promptly disassociated himself from Meisner. He had no formal music education. He and his friends formed a band called "Tachlis" (Goal) which combined heavy metal rock with religious lyrics. In 2012, <mask> was the first religious singer to take part in the Idan Raichel Project, and performed "Ohr Kazeh" ("A Light Like This") on Raichel's 2013 album "Reva LaShesh" ("A Quarter to Six"). He performed "Tochu Ratzuf Ahavah" at one of Raichel's concerts.In 2014, he performed the song "Chadeish Sessoni" on the album "Simchat Olam" ("Joy of the World"), which consisted of songs composed by Rabbi Yitzchak Ginsburgh. He was also featured on the album Achakeh Lo ("I Will Await Him"), which highlights songs from the Holocaust by The Heart and The Spring band. In August 2019, <mask> performed Amir Benayoun's "Nitzacht Iti HaKol" ("You Won Everything With Me") alongside Benayoun at a concert in Sultan's Pool, Jerusalem; the music video received more than one million views in its first week of release. Solo singles and albums In 2014, Ribo produced his debut album, Tocho Ratzuf Ahavah ("He Is Filled With Continuous Love"). The third single from the album, "Kol Dodi" ("The Voice of My Beloved"), earned second place at the 2013 Israel Song Festival. The album was certified gold. In October 2015, Ribo released the first single from his second album, "Mekasheh Achat Zahav" ("A Solid Piece of Gold"), which he wrote in honor of the birth of his second son.In 2016, he released his second album, Pachad Gevahim ("Fear of Heights"). That album too was certified gold. In February 2018, <mask> released the album Shetach Afor ("Gray Area"), which was certified platinum. One of the singles on the album, "Lashuv HaBaytah" ("Coming Home"), easily became <mask>'s biggest song in Israel, with its music video logging more than 40 million views on YouTube. Atop this, the song has over 11 million streams on Spotify as of 2021. In 2018, he released "Nafshi" ("My Soul"), a duet sung with Hasidic singer Motty Steinmetz. <mask> sings his part in traditional Hebrew pronunciation while Steinmetz sings with a Hasidic pronunciation.In January 2019, he released the single "HaLev Shely" ("My Heart"). On 3 September, the single "Seder Ha'avodah" ("Order of the Service") was released, a song which describes the Yom Kippur service in the Temple in Jerusalem. These three singles were from his album Elul 5779, released in September 2019. This album consists of Selichot hymns and songs relating to Yom Kippur, including covers of songs by Shlomo Carlebach and Rabbi Hillel Paley, whom Ribo wishes to introduce to his secular audiences. <mask> performs in concert throughout Israel, both in general venues and for gender-separated Haredi audiences. He often performs with Shlomo Artzi, Omer Adam, Natan Goshen, and Amir Dadon. He credits the national-religious sector for about 90 percent of his concert appearances.At his concerts, audiences sing the words along with him. Songwriting <mask> has written songs for Gad Elbaz, Avraham Fried, and Meidad Tasa. For Elbaz, these include "Rak Kan" ("Only Here") and "KeBatechilah" ("As In The Beginning"); future collaborations are planned. Musical style <mask>'s songs focus exclusively on spirituality, faith, and God, a decision he says he made at the age of 14. While his original goal was to sing for religious audiences, according to Jessica Steinberg, writing for The Times of Israel, he has attained popularity among secular audiences as well. Though religious songs are generally shunned by secular audiences in Israel, the quality of his music and artistic expression enables him, according to Haaretz music critic Ben Shalev, to successfully "bridge the divide" between Orthodox and secular. Unlike Hasidic music, which sets verses from Tanakh to music, <mask> writes original lyrics, drawing inspiration from a variety of religious sources, including the commentary of Rashi, the teachings of Rabbi Shlomo Wolbe and Rabbi Eliyahu Eliezer Dessler, and ideas he hears in synagogue sermons.He mainly sings in Hebrew. <mask> characterizes his musical genre as "rock/folk". He is known for his "mature" voice and "phenomenal stage presence". <mask> cites as his musical influences Eviatar Banai and Amir Benayoun. Awards and recognition In 2012, <mask> received an ACUM prize for encouraging creativity. For his debut single ("Tocho Ratzuf Ahavah") he was named Singer of the Year, Discovery of the Year, and Song of the Year by Radio Galei Israel and Maariv. He also won the accolades of Singer of the Year, Album of the Year (Tocho Ratzuf Ahavah), and Song of the Year ("Kol Dodi") from Radio Kol Chai.In 2017, he performed at the torch-lighting ceremony on Israel's 69th Independence Day. In 2019, he was awarded the Israel Minister of Education's Uri Orbach Prize for Jewish Culture in the field of music. In 2019 Israeli singer <mask> <mask> won first place for the Most Views On Youtube In 2019 by an Orthodox Jewish Artist. He won the award by a high margin for the second year in a row. <mask>'s official YouTube channel had 224 million views and 212,000 subscribers. This is the second year in the row that <mask> doubled the number of views on his channel within a year. Discography Studio albums 2014: Tocho Ratzuf Ahavah ("He Is Filled With Continuous Love") 2016: Pachad Gevahim ("Fear of Heights") 2017: "התשמע קולי - גלגלצ במחווה לאלבום "החלונות הגבוהים 2018: Shetach Afor ("Gray Area") 2019: Elul Tsha"t ("Elul 5779")'' See also Music of Israel References External links 1989 births Israeli singer-songwriters 21st-century Israeli male musicians Jewish Israeli musicians Jewish singers Jewish songwriters Israeli male songwriters French emigrants to Israel Musicians from Jerusalem Israeli Orthodox Jews Israeli Sephardi Jews Living people

Marguerite Namara

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<mask> (born <mask>, November 19, 1888 – November 5, 1974) was a classically trained American lyric soprano whose varied career included serious opera, Broadway musicals, film and theater roles, and vocal recitals, and who counted among her lifelong circle of friends and acquaintances many of the leading artistic figures of the first half of the twentieth century. Childhood She was born in Cleveland, Ohio, to a wealthy family with New England ties (she was descended on her father's side from Mayflower passengers John Alden and Priscilla Mullens and was a great-grandniece of Union General Nathaniel Prentice Banks, Governor of Massachusetts and Speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives). Raised in Los Angeles from the age of five, she attended St. Vincent's School and Girls' Collegiate High School, studying piano and voice from an early age. As a teenager, she and her mother, who served as one of her early vocal coaches, made a recording for Thomas Edison, singing the Flower Duet from the Delibes opera, Lakmé. Early operatic career At 18, <mask> began studying at the Milan Conservatory, debuting a year later in 1908 as <mask> in Gounod's Faust at the Teatro Politeamo in Genoa. She fashioned her stage name of Namara from her mother's maiden name, McNamara. From then on, she was referred to professionally as <mask>, and was called by family and friends as, simply, Namara.From 1910 to 1926, she sang with the Boston Opera Company, with the Chicago Opera Company (succeeding Mary Garden in Thaïs), with the Metropolitan Opera, and with Paris's Opéra-Comique. She sang lead roles in Cavalleria Rusticana, Manon, Carmen, Il trovatore, Tosca, La traviata and La bohème. She also starred in operetta and musical comedy: Her 1915 Broadway debut came in a Franz Lehár operetta written especially for her entitled Alone at Last. She later starred for the Shuberts in revivals of H.M.S. Pinafore and The Mikado, and for the Philadelphia Grand Opera Company in Carmen. In addition, she regularly toured nationally and in Europe with leading orchestras. She appeared at the Royal Albert Hall, London on five occasions between 1921 and 1925.Circle of friends Close friend of Isadora Duncan, pupil of Jean de Reszke, Manuel de Falla, and Nellie Melba, the circle in which she moved included such interesting figures of the early twentieth century as Enrico Caruso, Rudolph Valentino, Charlie Chaplin, Debussy, Auguste Rodin, Ernest Hemingway, F. Scott Fitzgerald, Picasso, Dos Passos, Gabriele d'Annunzio, Eleonora Duse, Amelita Galli-Curci, <mask>'Alvarez, Leopold Stokowski, Arturo Toscanini, Mischa Levitzki, Carl Van Vechten, Fania Marinoff, Gertrude Stein, Alice B. Toklas, Ed Wynn, Ivor Novello, Noël Coward, Elsa Maxwell, Maurice Chevalier, Mae Murray and Pola Negri and their husbands, the soi-disant Princes David and Serge Mdivani, Jerome Kern, Cole Porter, George Gershwin, and P. G. Wodehouse, the latter four being collaborators of her second husband Guy Bolton. During her years in Paris in the 1920s, she also studied painting with Claude Monet. Her letters to family at home indicated the lessons came in return for her singing to him. A 1926 letter written from France by F. Scott Fitzgerald noted that "Nobody was in Antibes that summer ...except me, Zelda, the Valentinos, the Murphys, Mistinguett, Rex Ingram, Dos Passos, Alice Terry, the MacLeishes, Charlie Brackett, Maud Kahn (daughter of philanthropist Otto Kahn; wife of Major-General Sir John Marriott), Esther Murphy (sister of Gerald; wife of John Strachey), <mask>, E. Oppenheimer (sic), Mannes the violinist, Floyd Dell, Max and Crystal Eastman, ex-premier Orlando, Etienne de Beaumont ... Just the right place to rough it, an escape from the world. "Website for Juan Les Pins FilmographyStolen Moments, a 1920 silent picture in which she starred with Rudolph Valentino, was one of her few film projects, and it included a small part for her infant daughter Peggy as well. In 1932, she starred in the first musical film version of Carmen, a British Film Company picture given the unfortunate name of Gipsy Blood (sometimes billed as Gypsy Blood but usually referred to by Namara as "The Bloody Gypsy"). Her co-star was British actor Lester Matthews.Exteriors were filmed in Ronda, Spain, but the troupe recorded the music in London with the London Symphony Orchestra. Later films in which Namara played small parts included Thirty-Day Princess (1934) with Cary Grant and Sylvia Sidney, and Peter Ibbetson (1935) with Gary Cooper and Ann Harding. Later career In the early 1930s, her singing voice strained from overwork, she appeared in the London cast of the Ivor Novello play, Party which opened in London on 23 May 1932. With the onset of the Depression, she returned to Hollywood and began teaching voice, counting the actors Ramón Novarro and Frances Drake among her pupils. Subsequent theatrical performances on Broadway and on tour included supporting parts in Enter Madame, Night of Love, Claudia, and Lo and Behold. During the 1940s/50s, her voice mellowed to that of a mezzo-soprano and she enjoyed modest success on the concert recital circuit, singing occasionally on radio. On tour, many of her costumes were designed by her friend and patroness, heiress Natalie Hays Hammond, daughter of the real adventurer who discovered King Solomon's Mines.Marriages She was married three times: from 1910-1916 to her manager Frederick H. Toye (1887–1930), with whom she had a son, <mask> Toye (1913–2005); from 1917-1926 to the playwright Guy Bolton (1884–1979), with whom she had a daughter, <mask> "Peggy" Bolton (1916–2003) (the names Peggy and Pamela were chosen to honor the baby's godfather P. G. Wodehouse, whose first name was Pelham); and from 1937 until her death, to landscape architect Georg Hoy (1899–1983). Later life In the 1940s and 50s, she divided her time between New York City and Europe. In the early 1960s, she and her third husband retired to a secluded ranch house on several acres in California's Carmel Valley, where she painted prolifically and recorded her last album in 1968, the year she turned 80. She died on November 5, 1974, in Marbella, Spain, two weeks shy of her 86th birthday. In addition to her two children, she was survived by two grandchildren, <mask> Toye Williams and Frederick D. Toye, and by five great-grandchildren, Laurel Baker Tew, Robert Baker, Victoria Toye, Frederick Eugen Otto Toye, and Christopher Baker. Sources The private papers and archives of <mask> and Wodehouse and Kern: The Men Who Made Musical Comedy, by Lee Davis, New York: James H. Heineman, Inc., 1993 Bring On The Girls, by P.G. Wodehouse and Guy Bolton, New York: Simon & Schuster, 1953Forsaken Altars: An Autobiography, by Marguerite D'Alvarez, London: Rupert Hart-Davis, 1954Here Lies Leonard Sillman—Straightened Out at Last, by Leonard Sillman, New York: Citadel Press, 1962 "Los Angeles Music: Frederick H. Toye", by Belford Forrest, Society Magazine, December 27, 1913, 23-25 "Madame Namara Makes Comeback In Concert Here", Chicago Tribune, January 17, 1940 "Makes Operatic Debut In Genoa", The Cleveland News, 1908Melba, by John Hetherington, New York: Farrar, Straus, & Giroux, 1967Metropolitan Opera Annals, by William H. Seltsam, New York: H.W.Wilson Company, 1957 "Multifaceted Star Namara Marks 80th Birthday With New Recording", by John Woolfenden, Monterey Peninsula Herald, August 13, 1968 "Music in the Home", The Cleveland News, 1923The Musician's International Director and Biographical Record, New York: Shaw Publishing Company, 1950My Life, An Autobiography, by Isadora Duncan, Garden City Publishers, 1927 "Namara Returns to Recital Stage", New York Times, January 25, 1940 "Opera Honors Won By Local Girl", by Archie Bell, The Cleveland News, 1923 "Postlude", by Ray C.B. Brown, The Washington Post, January 17, 1940Rudolph Valentino, The Man Behind the Myth, by Robert Oberfirst, New York: Citadel Press, 1962 "She Too Longs For The Day When She Can Retire On A Farm", by Virginia Tracy, St. Louis Globe-Democrat, May 19, 1954Who's Who in the East, Chicago: Marquis Press, 1957 References External links Filmography New York Times'' Giverny News: Monet et la Musique Article about Namara and Claude Monet, in French 1888 births 1974 deaths 20th-century American actresses Actresses from California American film actresses American silent film actresses American radio actresses People from Greater Los Angeles American operatic sopranos 20th-century American singers 20th-century American women singers

Jacob Green (pastor)

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<mask> (February 2, 1722 – May 24, 1790) was a Presbyterian pastor and acting president of Princeton University. A resident of Hanover, <mask> was also the delegate for Morris County to the fourth assembly of the Provincial Congress of New Jersey in 1776 and served as chairman of the constitutional committee. He was the father of <mask>, eighth president of Princeton University. Early life <mask> was born on February 2, 1722 in Malden, Massachusetts. His father, also named <mask>, was a poor farmer who died about 18 months after his birth from a "nervous fever". Due to his father's death, the responsibility of raising <mask> fell to his mother, <mask> and an assortment of uncles and sisters. He moved several times through his youth, resulting in him living with various family members.At fourteen, <mask> went to find vocational work, but after an unsuccessful search for a suitable trade, he began preparing for college on the advice of his brother-in-law; no one in <mask>'s family had attended college before. To gather funds, he got a probate court to approve an arrangement to sell land inherited from his father's estate. To prepare academically, <mask> spent a year and a half at a grammar school learning Latin, a standard practice at the time for those interested in attending college. Years at Harvard <mask> enrolled at Harvard College in the summer of 1740 at the age of 18 and a half. <mask> recounted his college experience as demanding, though he placed this feeling on his excessive studying. Moreover, he was a studious student who avoided trouble; indeed, he won three scholarships and became Scholar of the House while there. In his junior year, he began a personal diary that he continued for over 40 years.He graduated from Harvard in July 1744 in a class of thirty, and afterwards, he proceeded to teach a school in Sutton, Massachusetts for one year. While at Harvard, <mask> was significantly influenced by sermons given by Gilbert Tennet and George Whitefield. Religion Throughout the early years of his life, <mask> was constantly confronted by religion. His household was pious, and his sisters would audibly read religious tracts to him. In Malden, he received much religious education from the local Congregationalist church which instilled strict Congregationalism throughout the town. Though, the biggest religious influence on <mask> came from the books he read. Malden had a connection to one of the most prominent literary critics in New England, Michael Wigglesworth.As a result, Wiggleworth's best-selling poem The Day of Doom was read frequently in the <mask> household and had a profound effect on <mask>'s outlook. The poem was also reprinted in the New England Primer, the quintessential textbook at the time for the region, which <mask> read from. Ministry In the summer of 1745, <mask> intended to follow Whitefield to Georgia to take a position at his orphanage, Bethesda Academy. However, upon meeting Whitefield in Elizabethtown, New Jersey at Jonathan Dickinson's home, he was informed by Whitefield that he could not be offered a position due to a paucity of funds. When his position at Whitefield's orphanage fell through, <mask> consulted with Presbyterian leaders Jonathan Dickinson and Aaron Burr Sr. As a result of the meeting, he switched from his Congregationalist upbringing to Presbyterianism. Additionally, he decided on becoming a pastor for the Hanover Presbyterian Church located in Morris County, New Jersey. In September 1745, he was licensed to preach and began a year-long trial, which culminated with him being ordained and installed as pastor of Hanover Presbyterian Church in November 1746.He remained as pastor for 44 years. Academic career While <mask> was a devoted minister, he continued his studying, gaining a reputation for his general knowledge and his skill in Hebrew. He was a founding trustee of the College of New Jersey—now Princeton University—in 1748 and served as acting president for a period of eight consecutive months between Jonathan Dickinson's death and the arrival of Samuel Davies. He resigned as trustee in 1764. In 1774, <mask> built and established a Latin school, where he taught at with eight others, including his son Ashbel. Later life and death Besides his time as pastor, <mask> was also a physician for over thirty years. In his spare time, he undertook jobs, such as drafting wills, farming, and settling estates.<mask> died in May 1790 from influenza he contracted at a religious gathering at his church in Hanover. He is buried in Hanover Presbyterian Church Cemetery, along with both his first and second wife; his grave features a lengthy epitaph written by Ashbel <mask>. Personal life and family <mask>'s great-grandfather was <mask>, who was one of the first settlers from England. His grandfather, <mask>, had eight children, with <mask>'s father, born in 1689, being the youngest. The <mask> family was predominantly one of Puritan farmers and craftsmen; Malden served as the geographic center for the family. When <mask>'s father died, his mother remarried to John Barrett, though it is considered that <mask> and his stepfather did not have a strong relationship due to no mention by <mask> of him in his autobiography. On the contrary, <mask> cited his mother Dorothy as influential to his love of learning and interest in religion.He married his first wife, Anna Strong, in 1747, though she died in November 1756 from tuberculosis; they had four children. He married again in 1757 to Elizabeth Pierseon, who died in 1810, and had six children, with his most notable being Ashbel <mask>, the eighth president of Princeton University. Bibliography Autobiography <mask> wrote an autobiography that was published in The Christian Advocate, a religious journal edited by his son Ashbel. While <mask> wrote most of it, Ashbel filled in parts from his own memory. Pamphlets Articles Articles written by <mask> were featured in the New Jersey Journal, a revolutionary-era newspaper, under the pen name of "Eumenes." Chatham, New Jersey Chatham, New Jersey Chatham, New Jersey Published sermons According to Sprague, <mask> published three sermons, though the third has not been found. Notes References Citations Works cited Further reading 1722 births 1790 deaths People from Malden, Massachusetts People from Morris County, New Jersey People of colonial New Jersey Harvard College alumni Presidents of Princeton University 18th-century American clergy American Presbyterian ministers

Vitorino Antunes

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<mask> (; born 1 April 1987) is a Portuguese professional footballer who plays as a left back for F.C. Paços de Ferreira. He spent most of his career abroad, winning several items of silverware with Dynamo Kyiv in Ukraine, and making 125 La Liga appearances for Málaga and Getafe. Domestically, he had three spells at Paços de Ferreira and won the Primeira Liga with Sporting CP in 2020–21. Antunes earned 38 caps for Portugal at youth level, and was used sparingly as a senior international for over a decade. Club career Early years and Paços Born in Freamunde, <mask> joined Primeira Liga club F.C. Paços de Ferreira for the 2006–07 season for an undisclosed fee from third division side S.C. Freamunde, where he began his professional career.At Paços, he was instrumental in the team's first ever qualification to the UEFA Cup, also scoring in a 1–1 home draw against FC Porto. Roma After a season of excellent displays, <mask> was linked with moves to Porto, S.L. Benfica, Sporting CP, Atlético Madrid, AJ Auxerre, Aston Villa and R.S.C. Anderlecht. On 29 August 2007, just two days before the close of the transfer window, Italian club A.S. Roma obtained the player on a loan deal for €300,000, with the option to buy him permanently open until 15 April 2008. He signed a 1+3-year-contract for €195,000 in the first season – in gross, bonus excluded – gradually increased to €321,000 in the last year. <mask> made his official Roma debut on 12 December 2007, during the campaign's UEFA Champions League game against Manchester United.He was chosen as Player of the match in a poll conducted by the former's official website. On 20 January 2008, <mask> played his first Serie A match, coming on as a 77th-minute substitute in a 2–0 home win over Calcio Catania. He also started against the same opponent in the semi-finals of the Coppa Italia in April, which ended with another victory at the Stadio Olimpico (1–0), but was, however, virtually absent in the league, being barred by Italian internationals Marco Cassetti and Max Tonetto and totalling only 65 minutes of action. On 2 April 2008, Roma exercised their right to full ownership, paying Paços de Ferreira the sum of €1.2 million whilst the player signed a five-year contract. He was immediately loaned to newly promoted U.S. Lecce in a season-long move, for €200,000. After appearing rarely for Lecce and not at all for Roma from August to December 2009, <mask> returned to Portugal the following month, being loaned to struggling Leixões S.C. until the end of the campaign, which ended in top flight relegation. On 5 February 2010, the FIFA Dispute Resolution Chamber ruled Freamunde eligible to receive €45,000 for Solidarity Contribution.On 31 January 2011, <mask> was signed by A.S. Livorno Calcio along with teammate Marco D'Alessandro on loan, with Roma paying the player an incentive of €270,000 in order to compensate the wage difference between the two clubs. Paços return and Málaga On 28 June 2012, after spending five months loaned to Panionios F.C. in Greece, <mask> was released by Roma and signed a three-year contract with former side Paços de Ferreira, replacing Benfica-bound Luisinho. Late into the following winter transfer window, however, he was loaned to Málaga CF as a replacement for Arsenal-bound Nacho Monreal. He made his La Liga debut on 9 February, playing the full 90 minutes in a 2–1 away win against Levante UD, and participated in 15 official games during the season, including four in the Champions League. <mask> signed a four-year deal with Málaga on 11 June 2013, for a fee of €1.25 million. Dynamo Kyiv On 2 February 2015, <mask> made a deadline day move to Ukrainian Premier League club FC Dynamo Kyiv for a reported fee of around €6 million, signing a four-and-a-half-year contract.He made his debut on the 19th, playing the full 90 minutes in a 1–2 away loss to En Avant de Guingamp for the Europa League where his new team played with nine men for 45 minutes, and scored his first goal on 15 March, helping to a 5–0 home victory over FC Illichivets Mariupol. His second came four days later, as he struck a powerful shot from 30 yards in a 5–2 win against Everton that qualified for the quarter-finals of the Europa League 6–4 on aggregate. Getafe On 21 July 2017, <mask> was loaned to Getafe CF for one year with a buyout clause. At the end of the season, it was activated and the player signed a two-year contract. On 21 May 2019, <mask> was voted into the La Liga Team of the Season. The previous month, however, he had suffered an anterior cruciate ligament injury to his right knee which would sideline him for a lengthy period of time. Return to Portugal After his Getafe contract expired, the 33-year-old <mask> returned to Portugal and signed for Sporting on 15 August 2020, ending seven years abroad.He made 13 total appearances in his only season, winning his first league title and the Taça da Liga. <mask> then released himself from his contract at the Estádio José Alvalade and joined Paços de Ferreira on a two-year deal. International career <mask> represented Portugal at the 2007 FIFA U-20 World Cup in Canada, playing all the games in an eventual round-of-16 exit and scoring in a 1–2 group stage loss against Mexico. On 5 June 2007, aged 20, he earned his first cap for the senior team, appearing in a 1–1 draw away against Kuwait after replacing Paulo Ferreira for the last half-hour of the match. Antunes passed five years and four days between his third cap and his next, in September 2013. On 10 October 2017, he played 22 minutes in the decisive 2–0 home win over Switzerland for the 2018 FIFA World Cup qualifiers to help the nation top its group, and he scored his first goal on 14 November of that year in a 1–1 friendly draw with the United States. He was then included in a preliminary 35-man squad for the finals in Russia, but did not make the final cut.Career statistics Club International (Portugal score listed first, score column indicates score after each Antunes goal) Honours Roma Coppa Italia: 2007–08 Dynamo Kyiv Ukrainian Premier League: 2014–15, 2015–16 Ukrainian Cup: 2014–15 Ukrainian Super Cup: 2016 Sporting CP Primeira Liga: 2020–21 Taça da Liga: 2020–21 References External links National team data 1987 births Living people People from Paços de Ferreira Portuguese footballers Association football defenders Primeira Liga players Segunda Divisão players S.C. Freamunde players F.C. Paços de Ferreira players Leixões S.C. players Sporting CP footballers Serie A players Serie B players A.S. Roma players U.S. Lecce players U.S. Livorno 1915 players Super League Greece players Panionios F.C. players La Liga players Málaga CF players Getafe CF footballers Ukrainian Premier League players FC Dynamo Kyiv players Portugal youth international footballers Portugal under-21 international footballers Portugal international footballers Portuguese expatriate footballers Expatriate footballers in Italy Expatriate footballers in Greece Expatriate footballers in Spain Expatriate footballers in Ukraine Portuguese expatriate sportspeople in Italy Portuguese expatriate sportspeople in Greece Portuguese expatriate sportspeople in Spain Portuguese expatriate sportspeople in Ukraine

Nuno Álvares Pereira

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D<mask>, O. Carm. (; 24 June 1360 – 1 November 1431) was a Portuguese general of great success who had a decisive role in the 1383-1385 Crisis that assured Portugal's independence from Castile. He later became a mystic and was beatified by Pope Benedict XV, in 1918, and canonised by Pope Benedict XVI in 2009. <mask> is often referred to as the Saint Constable () or as <mask> of Saint Mary (), his religious name. He was count of Barcelos, Ourém and Arraiolos. Family <mask> was born on 24 June 1360 in Flor da Rosa, near Crato, central Portugal, the illegitimate son of <mask>, prior of Crato and Iria Gonçalves do Carvalhal. His grandfather was <mask>, the archbishop of Braga from 1326 until 1349.He was descended from the oldest Portuguese and Galician nobility. About a year after his birth, the child was legitimized by royal decree and so was able to receive a knightly education typical of the offspring of the noble families of the time. At 13 years of age he became page to Queen Leonor. At age 16, he married Leonor de Alvim, a rich young widow. Three children were born to the union, two boys who died early in life, and a girl, Beatriz, who married Afonso, son of King John I and founder of the House of Braganza. Military life <mask> <mask> began military service in 1373, when he was only 13, and helped stop an invasion from Castile. However, according to his own words, his first military campaigns were no more than skirmishes on the borders of Portugal.He was an impetuous and brave young man who soon showed himself to be an excellent leader. When King Ferdinand I of Portugal died in 1383, his only heir was Beatrice, married to king John I of Castile. In order to preserve Portuguese independence, the nobles supported the claim of King Ferdinand's half-brother John, Master of Aviz to the throne. After his first victory over the Castilians, in the Battle of Atoleiros (April 1384), John of Aviz named <mask> <mask> <mask> protector and constable of Portugal, in practice supreme commander of Portugal's armies, and count of Ourém. He was only 24 years old. <mask> <mask> used guerilla tactics trying to dislodge the Castilian army besieging Lisbon in 1384 but plague finally drove them away. In April 1385, John of Aviz was recognized as king by the Cortes.This triggered an invasion of the country by King John I of Castile, in support of his wife's rights to the throne. <mask> <mask> <mask> was engaged against the northern cities loyal to the Castilians. During this time of war, he fed the hungry populations of his Castilian opposition at his own expense. On 14 August 1385, at Aljubarrota he led 6,500 volunteers to victory against a Castilian force of over 30,000, thus ending the threat of annexation. He attributed the victory to the Blessed Virgin, whose name, Maria, was inscribed on his sword. Dedicated to Mary, he fasted on Wednesdays, Fridays and Saturdays. The banner he chose as his personal standard bore the image of the cross, of Mary and of the saintly knights James and George.At his own expense he built numerous churches and monasteries, among which was the Carmelite church in Lisbon and the church of Our Lady of Victories at Batalha. After the 1383-1385 Crisis, <mask> <mask> was made the count of Arraiolos and Barcelos, which, along with the previous one, were the only three countships existing at the time and which had been taken from nobles who had taken the part of Castile. He was also made the major majordomo of the realm. Not wanting to give the enemy room to manoeuvre, the king of Portugal and his supreme general took the offensive and raided several Castilian towns, defeating once again a much larger Castilian army at the Battle of Valverde. He continued to watch out for the king of Castile, until his death in 1390. When hostilities ended, he gave the bulk of his wealth to the veterans. Religious life After the death of his wife, he became a Carmelite friar (he joined the Order in 1423) at the Carmo Convent (Lisbon) which he had founded in fulfilment of a vow, and took the name of Friar <mask> of Saint Mary ().There he lived until his death on 1 November 1431. He was noted for his prayer, his practise of penance and his filial devotion to the Mother of God. <mask> suffered from debilitating arthritis. During the last year of his life, King John I went to visit and embrace him for the last time. He wept for he considered <mask> <mask> <mask> his closest friend, the one who had put him on the throne and saved his country's independence. <mask> <mask> <mask>'s tomb was lost in the famous 1755 Lisbon earthquake. His epitaph read: Legacy <mask> <mask> was beatified on 23 January 1918 by Pope Benedict XV.He was celebrated liturgically on 1 April as an obligatory memorial by the Order of Carmelites and as an optional memorial by the Order of Discalced Carmelites. <mask> <mask> had been on the point of being canonised by decree in 1940 by Pope Pius XII. According to a recent statement by the postulator general of the Carmelite Order, his canonisation was postponed for diplomatic reasons (the Portuguese ambassador indicated that the time was not right). On 3 July 2008 Pope Benedict XVI signed two decrees in Rome, promulgating the heroic virtues of <mask> <mask> <mask> and the authenticity of a miracle that had already been previously confirmed as such by medical and theological commissions. By this act, the pope formally canonised Friar <mask> de Santa <mask> <mask>. The public celebration of his canonisation took place on 26 April 2009 in Saint Peter's Square in the Vatican City. The Carmelites now celebrate St <mask> on 6 November; the date also appointed for his feast in Portugal.The Blessed Nuno Society is a mission society and prayer apostolate officially recognized by the Catholic Church as a diocesan Private Association of the Christian Faithful and affiliated with, the Catholic Diocese of Duluth, Minnesota. See also Saint <mask> <mask> <mask>, patron saint archive References External links Biography at Vatican News Service Rutler, Fr. George, "Saint <mask> of Saint Mary |- |- |- 1360 births 1431 deaths Portuguese soldiers Portuguese nobility Carmelites Portuguese Roman Catholic saints People of the 1383–1385 Portuguese interregnum 14th-century Portuguese people 15th-century Portuguese people Constables of Portugal Canonizations by Pope Benedict XVI Venerated Catholics by Pope Benedict XVI Roman Catholic royal saints People from Sertã

George Sotiropoulos

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<mask> (born 9 July 1977) is an Australian born retired mixed martial artist of Greek descent who previously fought in the UFC in their Lightweight division. He is well known for appearing as a fighter on the TV show The Ultimate Fighter: Team Hughes vs. Team Serra, fighting on Team Serra and as the coach for Team Australia on The Ultimate Fighter: The Smashes. Mixed martial arts career Background <mask> began training in Brazilian jiu-jitsu in 1997 at the age of 19, and was promoted to black belt in 2004. In 2003 and 2007, he represented Australia in the Submission Wrestling World Championships. <mask> has also competed in amateur boxing, and in 2004, won a Victorian State Amateur Boxing Championship. Prior to his MMA career in the UFC, <mask> trained with veteran UFC and PRIDE fighter Enson Inoue.The two met during a winning bout <mask> had with Sergio Lourenço in Guam. He has remained affiliated with Enson Inoue's Purebred gyms throughout his career since then. Following his appearance on The Ultimate Fighter: Team Hughes vs. Team Serra, <mask> moved to Long Island, NY to train at with Matt Serra <mask> Couture. During this time period he also trained at 10th Planet Jiu-Jitsu with Eddie Bravo. Early career <mask> made his professional debut in 2004 against fellow Australian Gavin Murie, in which <mask> was able to win via armbar submission in the first round. He went on to win two more fights until his first career loss via split decision to Kyle Noke in 2005, one year later he was able to avenge his first loss by defeating Noke by unanimous decision.<mask> went on to have a 7–2 record in small MMA organizations, until he was invited to participate in The Ultimate Fighter in 2007. The Ultimate Fighter <mask> defeated Jared Rollins in the first round of the competition by KO. He went on to defeat Richie Hightower in the quarterfinals via submission due to a kimura. <mask> was then defeated by Tom Speer in the semi-finals by knockout, shortly after an accidental thumb to the eye. Ultimate Fighting Championship <mask> defeated Billy Miles at The Ultimate Fighter: Team Hughes vs Team Serra Finale via submission (rear-naked choke) at 1:36 of the first round. <mask> defeated Roman Mitichyan at UFC Fight Night 13 on 2 April 2008 by TKO in the second round. He was scheduled to fight judoka Karo Parisyan at UFC 87, however <mask> was forced to withdraw due to injury.<mask> was then expected to face Matt Grice at UFC Fight Night 17, but was forced to withdraw due to another injury. After an 18-month break in his career, <mask> switched weight classes, winning his Lightweight debut at UFC 101 on 8 August 2009 against <mask>. During the bout, he showcased his high level grappling skills, passing Roop's guard with ease. <mask> eventually forced the tap out with a kimura lock in the second round. <mask> defeated Ultimate Fighter 9 alumni Jason Dent in the second round via armbar submission on 21 November 2009, at UFC 106. In a post-fight interview following the win, <mask> stated his desire to compete at the UFC 110 card, in Sydney, Australia. <mask>' wish was granted and faced Joe Stevenson on 21 February 2010 at UFC 110.Making his first appearance on the main card of a UFC pay-per-view event, <mask> improved to 5–0 in the UFC as he defeated Stevenson via unanimous decision (30–27, 30–27, 30–27) in a dominant performance, prompting Dana White to say that <mask> was "in the mix" for a title shot. The fight earned <mask> his first Fight of the Night award in the UFC. <mask> fought Kurt Pellegrino at UFC 116 on 3 July 2010, and won by a commanding unanimous decision. <mask> then faced Joe Lauzon on 20 November 2010 at UFC 123. <mask> survived a fast start by his opponent, thus gassing Lauzon in one round, and allowing <mask> to dominate the next round, winning by kimura in the second round in a bout that won Fight of the Night honors. The win pushed <mask> to a perfect 7–0 record in the UFC and established him as one of the top contenders in the UFC's lightweight division. <mask> suffered his first UFC loss to Dennis Siver via unanimous decision at UFC 127.<mask> was unable to take the fight to the ground and was forced to strike with the German Kickboxing Champion Siver. The loss setback <mask>' chances of a title shot. <mask> was expected to face Evan Dunham on 2 July 2011 at UFC 132. However, Dunham was forced out of the bout with an injury, and replaced by Rafael dos Anjos. <mask> was knocked out just 59 seconds into the first round. <mask> was expected to face former PRIDE Lightweight Champion Takanori Gomi on 26 February 2012 at UFC 144. However, <mask> was forced out of the bout with an injury and replaced by Eiji Mitsuoka.In July 2012 <mask> was confirmed as the Australian coach for The Ultimate Fighter: The Smashes, and faced Ross Pearson on 15 December 2012 at the finale - UFC on FX 6. Pearson dominated him throughout the fight, and although he narrowly avoiding being knocked out several times, <mask> was visibly rocked in all three rounds; being knocked down in two of them. He eventually lost the fight via third-round TKO from Pearson. <mask> faced Hawaiian K.J. Noons on 19 October 2013 at UFC 166. He lost the fight via unanimous decision. After losing four in a row, <mask> was released from his UFC contract on 18 December 2013.Titan Fighting Championship On 22 January 2014 it was announced that <mask> had signed a four-fight contract with Titan Fighting Championship and was expected to debut on 25 April at Titan FC 28 against Mike Ricci however Ricci withdrew from the bout due to injury. The bout was rescheduled and took place at Titan FC 29 on 22 August 2014. He lost the fight via unanimous decision. Other media Sotiropoulous is featured in UFC Undisputed 3 as a Lightweight fighter alongside the likes of Clay Guida, Dennis Siver, Joe Lauzon and Frankie Edgar. Personal life <mask> has a Bachelor of Business in Banking and Finance, Associate Diploma of Business in International Trade from Victoria University in Melbourne, Australia. Prior to competing in mixed martial arts, he worked in the finance industry. After years of living in Washington state and New York City, <mask> moved to Melbourne, Australia in 2016 and currently manages his own MMA gym, Omega Jiu-Jitsu & MMA there.

John Lydgate

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<mask> of Bury (c. 1370 – c. 1451) was an English monk and poet, born in Lidgate, near Haverhill, Suffolk, England. Lydgate's poetic output is prodigious, amounting, at a conservative count, to about 145,000 lines. He explored and established every major Chaucerian genre, except such as were manifestly unsuited to his profession, like the fabliau. In the Troy Book (30,117 lines), an amplified translation of the Trojan history of the thirteenth-century Latin writer Guido delle Colonne, commissioned by Prince Henry (later Henry V), he moved deliberately beyond Chaucer's Knight's Tale and his Troilus, to provide a full-scale epic. The Siege of Thebes (4716 lines) is a shorter excursion in the same field of chivalric epic. Chaucer's The Monk's Tale, a brief catalog of the vicissitudes of Fortune, gives a hint of what is to come in Lydgate's massive Fall of Princes (36,365 lines), which is also derived, though not directly, from Boccaccio's De Casibus Virorum Illustrium. The Man of Law's Tale, with its rhetorical elaboration of apostrophe, invocation, and digression in what is essentially a saint's legend, is the model for Lydgate's legends of St. Edmund (3693 lines) and St. Alban (4734 lines), both local monastic patrons, as well as for many shorter saints' lives, though not for the richer and more genuinely devout Life of Our Lady (5932 lines).Biography Early life and education In a graffito written towards the end of his life, <mask> admitted to all manner of childhood sins: "I lied to excuse myself. I stole apples … I made mouths at people like a wanton ape. I gambled at cherry stones. I was late to rise and dirty at meals. I was chief shammer of illness". He was admitted to the Benedictine monastery of Bury St Edmunds Abbey in 1382, took novice vows soon after and was ordained as a subdeacon in 1389. Based on a letter from Henry V, <mask> was a student at Oxford University, probably Gloucester College (now Worcester College), between 1406 and 1408.It was during this period that Lydgate wrote his early work, Isopes Fabules, with its broad range of scholastic references. Career Having literary ambitions (he was an admirer of Geoffrey Chaucer and a friend to his son, Thomas) he sought and obtained patronage for his literary work at the courts of Henry IV of England, Henry V of England and Henry VI of England. His patrons included, amongst many others, the mayor and aldermen of London, the chapter of St. Paul's Cathedral, Richard de Beauchamp, 13th Earl of Warwick and Henry V and VI. His main supporter from 1422 was Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester. In 1423 Lydgate was made prior of Hatfield Broad Oak, Essex. He soon resigned the office to concentrate on his travels and writing. He was a prolific writer of poems, allegories, fables and romances.His most famous works were his longer and more moralistic Troy Book (1412–20), a 30,000 line translation of the Latin prose narrative by Guido delle Colonne, Historia destructionis Troiae, the Siege of Thebes which was translated from a French prose redaction of the Roman de Thebes and the Fall of Princes. The Fall of Princes (1431-8), is the last and longest of <mask>'s works. Of his more accessible poems, most were written in the first decade of the fifteenth century in a Chaucerian vein: The Complaint of the Black Knight (originally called A Complaynt of a Loveres Lyfe and modelled on Chaucer's The Book of the Duchess); The Temple of Glas (indebted to The House of Fame); The Floure of Curtesy (like the Parlement of Foules, a Valentine's Day Poem); and the allegorical Reason and Sensuality. His short poems tend to be the best; as he grew older his poems grew progressively longer, and it is regarding <mask>'s later poetry that Joseph Ritson's harsh characterization of him is based: 'A voluminous, prosaick and drivelling monk'. Similarly, one twentieth-century historian has described <mask>'s verse as "banal". At one time, the long allegorical poem The Assembly of Gods was attributed to him, but the work is now considered anonymous. <mask> was also believed to have written London Lickpenny, a well-known satirical work; however, his authorship of this piece has been thoroughly discredited.He also translated the poems of Guillaume de Deguileville into English. In his later years he lived and probably died at the monastery of Bury St. Edmunds. At some point in his life he returned to the village of his birth and added his signature and a coded message in a graffito onto a wall at St Mary's Church, Lidgate, discovered as recently as 2014. Editions J. Allan Mitchell, ed. <mask>, The Temple of Glass. Series: TEAMS Middle English Texts. Kalamazoo, MI: Medieval Institute Publications, 2007.Modern renditions A few of <mask>'s works are available in modernised versions: <mask>'s Troy Book: A Middle English Iliad (The Troy Myth in Medieval Britain Book 1) by D M Smith (2019 Kindle) - complete <mask>ydgate Troy Book: The Legend of the Trojan War by D.J. Favager (2021 Kindle) - complete The Siege of Thebes: A Modern English Verse Rendition by D.J. Favager (2018 Kindle) The Legend of Saint Alban: In a Modern English Prose Version by Simon Webb (2016 the Langley Press) Lydgate's Disguising at Hertford Castle Translation and Study by Derek Forbes (1998 Blot Publishing) Quotations "Who lesith his fredam, in soth, he lesith all. "—an old proverb Lydgate included in his moral fable The Churl and the Bird Lydgate wrote that King Arthur was crowned in "the land of the fairy", and taken in his death by four fairy queens, to Avalon where he lies under a "fairy hill", until he is needed again. Lydgate is also credited with the first known usage of the adage "Needs must" in its fullest form: "He must nedys go that the deuell dryves" in his The Assembly of Gods. Shakespeare later uses it in All's Well That Ends Well. See also The Complaint of the Black Knight References External links <mask> at luminarium.org, including links to online texts The Online Medieval Sources Bibliography cites printed and online editions of Lydgate's works MS 439/16 Fall of princes at OPenn 1370 births 1451 deaths People from the Borough of St Edmundsbury English Benedictines Middle English poets 15th-century English writers 15th-century English people Latin–English translators English Christian monks English male poets

M. William Howard Jr.

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<mask>. (born March 3, 1946 in Americus, Georgia) is an American cleric, former college president, community and business leader. He is known for his involvement in ecumenical organizations domestically and internationally and in international affairs, especially within the Middle East and Southern Africa. He is the son of the late <mask> and the late <mask>. He attended public schools in Americus before enrolling in Morehouse College, where he graduated in 1968. He earned a Master of Divinity degree at Princeton Theological Seminary in 1972. His worldview was shaped initially in response to the racial segregation he experienced in his hometown, where he participated in voter registration drives in the early 1960s. He studied Philosophy and Psychology at Morehouse and was heavily influenced by Professors <mask> and Lucius Tobin.His principal academic advisor at Princeton was Professor Edward Jurgi. Career After Princeton, <mask> joined the national staff of the Reformed Church in America (RCA) in 1972, where he remained until assuming the presidency of New York Theological Seminary (NYTS) in 1992. During his tenure at the RCA, he served as an Advisor to the 5th Assembly of the World Council of Churches (WCC) in Nairobi, Kenya and as Moderator of the WCC's Programme to Combat Racism(1976–78). In 1978, at age 32 he was elected the youngest president of the National Council of Churches, and in that capacity at Christmas in 1979, he journeyed with Bishop Thomas Gumbleton, Auxiliary Bishop of the Archdiocese of Detroit, and the Reverend <mask> Coffin, Senior Minister of The Riverside Church, to conduct Christmas services for the U.S. personnel being held hostage Iran. In 1984, he travelled to Syria as Chair of an ecumenical delegation that accompanied the Reverend Jesse Jackson to obtain the release of U. S. Naval Officer Robert O. Goodman. During his tenure at NYTS, the Seminary inaugurated two academic partnerships with area graduate schools in social work and urban studies, doubled its endowment, and won the Arthur Vining Davis Foundations Award for Excellence. <mask> was a member of the Council on Foreign Relations for over 20 years.He held an elected position on the Board of Directors of New Jersey Resources from 2005 to 2022, and was a member of the Rutgers University Board of Governors from 2003 to 2013. He chaired the university's Board from 2007 to 2010. He served as a trustee of the National Urban League from 1981 to 1988 and of the Children's Defense Fund from 1980 to 1985. In 2007, he chaired the New Jersey Death Penalty Study Commission, which led to the abolition of the death penalty in that State. <mask> was pastor of Bethany Baptist Church, established in 1871 as the first Baptist church founded by Blacks in Newark, from 2000 to 2015. He was ordained at Rockford, Illinois' Pilgrim Baptist Church in 1974 by the American Baptist Churches USA. He has received several keys to cities and has been awarded honorary degrees from Morehouse College, Miles College, Central College, Bloomfield College.Rutgers University, and Essex County College. Since 2016, he has worked with for-profit and not-for-profit organizations on issues of governance, management and leadership. In 2020, Black, Not Dutch was published by African World Press. This is Dr. <mask>'s account of how the Reformed Church in America responded to the Black Manifesto and its demand for reparations to African Americans for slavery and subsequent oppression. International engagements For most of the 1970s and 1980s, <mask> played a role in the movement for freedom from colonialism and white minority rule in Southern Africa (Zimbabwe, Namibia, and South Africa) and the former Portuguese colonies. From 1975 until 1990, the year of <mask>'s release from prison, <mask> was denied visas to enter the Republic of South Africa by the apartheid government. During this period, he chaired the Board of the American Committee on Africa; he presided at the United Nations-sponsored North American Regional Conference for Action Against Apartheid in 1984, and the 1981 United Nations Seminar on Bank Loans to South Africa in Zurich, Switzerland.In 1985, he stood with New Jersey Governor Thomas Kean when he signed a bill divesting State holdings of some $2 billion from companies doing business in South Africa. With Henry F. Henderson, a New Jersey businessman and Commissioner of the Port Authority of NY/NJ, <mask> founded Management Futures, an initiative that provided internships to black South Africans in fields from which they had been excluded under the Job Reservations Act. <mask> led the first post-revolution, American church delegation to the Christian Council of Cuba in 1977 and the first such delegation to the churches of the People's Republic of China after the Cultural Revolution. In 1985, he was a special guest of the Women's Protestant Federation of Germany on the 40th year observance of the fall of the Third Reich. He addressed the 4th Assembly of the All Africa Conference of Churches in Kenya in 1981. Personal life <mask> married Barbara J. Wright in 1970. They are the parents of <mask> <mask>, Adam Turner <mask>, and <mask> <mask>.Jazz aficionado A jazz enthusiast and collector, <mask>aint L'Ouverture Freedom Award, Haitian Community, 1980 Distinguished Alumnus Award, Princeton Theological Seminary, 1982 New Jersey Citizen Action Award "International Human Rights Activist", 1985 Outstanding Achievement Award, New York City, NAACP, 1993 The Bennie Award for Achievement, from Morehouse College, 2008 Several honorary degrees and keys to cities have been awarded Council of Elders, New Jersey Performing Arts Center, 2021 Named to the list of 2021 "Most Influential Corporate Directors", Savoy Magazine References External links http://www.ncccusa.org/news/NCCPresHoward.htm http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0EIN/is_2005_July_21/ai_n14811765 https://web.archive.org/web/20120211081543/http://www.bethany-newark.org/history.html - much more extensive article African-American Baptist ministers Baptist ministers from the United States Living people Clergy from Newark, New Jersey 1946 births Morehouse College alumni 21st-century African-American people 20th-century African-American people

Kurt Warner

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<mask> (born June 22, 1971) is a former American football quarterback who played in the National Football League (NFL) for twelve seasons, primarily with the St. Louis Rams and the Arizona Cardinals. His career, which saw him ascend from an undrafted free agent to a two-time Most Valuable Player and Super Bowl MVP, is regarded as one of the greatest stories in NFL history. After playing college football at Northern Iowa from 1990 to 1993, <mask> spent four years without being named to an NFL roster. He was signed by the Green Bay Packers in 1994, but released before the regular season and instead played three seasons for the Iowa Barnstormers of the Arena Football League (AFL). <mask> landed his first NFL roster spot in 1998 with the Rams, holding a backup position until he was thrust into becoming St. Louis' starter the following season. During his first season as an NFL starting quarterback, <mask> led The Greatest Show on Turf offense to the Rams' first Super Bowl title in Super Bowl XXXIV, earning him league and Super Bowl MVP honors. He won his second league MVP award in 2001, en route to a Super Bowl XXXVI appearance, and also appeared in Super Bowl XLIII with the Cardinals.Considered the NFL's greatest undrafted player, <mask> is the only undrafted player to be named NFL MVP and Super Bowl MVP, as well as the only undrafted quarterback to lead his team to a Super Bowl victory. He is also the first quarterback to win the Super Bowl during his first season as the primary starter. <mask> was inducted to the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 2017 and is the only player inducted to both the Pro Football Hall of Fame and the Arena Football Hall of Fame. High school and college Born in Burlington, Iowa, <mask> played football at Regis High School in Cedar Rapids, graduating in 1989. After graduation from high school, he attended the University of Northern Iowa, graduating in 1993. At UNI, <mask> was third on the Panthers' depth chart until his senior year. When <mask> was finally given the chance to start, he was named the Gateway Conference's Offensive Player of the Year and first team all-conference.Professional career Green Bay Packers Following his college career, <mask> went undrafted in the 1994 NFL Draft. He was invited to try out for the Green Bay Packers' training camp in 1994, but was released before the regular season began. <mask> was competing for a spot against Brett Favre, Mark Brunell, and former Heisman Trophy winner Ty Detmer. While <mask> was with the Packers, the head coach was Mike Holmgren, the quarterback coach was Steve Mariucci, and Andy Reid was the offensive assistant. After his release, <mask> stocked shelves at a Hy-Vee grocery store in Cedar Falls for $5.50 an hour. <mask> often cites this starting point when telling of his rise to NFL stardom in 1999. He also mentions that his deepened dedication to Christianity occurred around 1997.<mask> returned to Northern Iowa and worked as a graduate assistant coach with the football team, while still hoping to get another tryout with an NFL team. Iowa Barnstormers With no NFL teams willing to give him a chance, <mask> turned to the Arena Football League (AFL) in 1995, and signed with the Iowa Barnstormers. He was named to the AFL's First-team All-Arena in both 1996 and 1997 after he led the Barnstormers to ArenaBowl appearances in both seasons. <mask>'s performance was so impressive that he was later named twelfth out of the 20 Best Arena Football Players of all time. Before the 1997 NFL season, <mask> requested and got a tryout with the Chicago Bears, but an injury to his throwing elbow caused by a spider bite sustained during his honeymoon prevented him from attending. In 2000, after <mask>'s breakout NFL season, the AFL used his new fame for the name of its first widely available video game, <mask>'s Arena Football Unleashed. Years later, on August 12, 2011, he would be named as an inductee into the Arena Football Hall of Fame.St. Louis Rams Amsterdam Admirals In December 1997 after the St. Louis Rams' season ended, <mask> signed a futures contract with the team. In February 1998, he was allocated to NFL Europe to play for the Amsterdam Admirals, where he led the league in touchdowns and passing yards. His backup at the time was future Carolina Panthers quarterback Jake Delhomme. Returning to the United States, <mask> spent the 1998 season as St. Louis' third-string quarterback behind Tony Banks and Steve Bono. He ended his season completing only 4 of 11 pass attempts for 39 yards and a 47.2 QB rating. 1999 season Prior to the 1999 free-agency period, the Rams chose <mask> to be one of the team's five unprotected players in the 1999 NFL expansion draft. <mask> went unselected by the Cleveland Browns, who chose no Rams and whose only quarterback selection was Scott Milanovich.The Rams let Bono leave in free agency and signed Trent Green to be the starter. Banks was traded to the Ravens, and <mask> now found himself second on the depth chart. After Green suffered a torn ACL via a low hit by Rodney Harrison in a preseason game, Rams coach Dick Vermeil named <mask> as the Rams' starter. In an emotional press conference, Vermeil—who hadn't seen <mask> work with the first-string offense—said, "We will rally around <mask>, and we'll play good football." With the support of running back Marshall Faulk and wide receivers Isaac Bruce, Torry Holt, Az-Zahir Hakim, and Ricky Proehl, <mask> put together one of the top seasons by a quarterback in NFL history, throwing for 4,353 yards with 41 touchdown passes and a completion rate of 65.1%. The Rams' high-powered offense, run by offensive coordinator Mike Martz, was nicknamed "The Greatest Show on Turf" and registered the first in a string of three consecutive 500-point seasons, an NFL record. <mask> threw three touchdown passes in each of his first three NFL starts, an NFL record until it was surpassed by Patrick Mahomes in 2018.<mask> drew more attention in the Rams' fourth game of the season, a home game against the San Francisco 49ers (who had been NFC West division champions for 12 of the previous 13 seasons). The Rams lost their last 17 meetings with the 49ers, but <mask> proceeded to throw a touchdown pass on each of the Rams' first three possessions of the game, and four touchdowns in the first half alone, to propel the Rams to a 28–10 halftime lead on the way to a 42–20 victory. <mask> finished the game with five touchdown passes, giving him 14 in four games and the Rams a 4–0 record. <mask>'s breakout season from a career in anonymity was so unexpected that Sports Illustrated featured him on their October 18 cover with the caption "Who Is This Guy?" He was named the 1999 NFL MVP at the season's end for leading the Rams to their first playoff berth since 1989 (when they were still in Los Angeles) and their first division title since 1985. In the NFL playoffs, <mask> ultimately led the Rams to a victory in Super Bowl XXXIV against the Tennessee Titans. In the game, he threw for two touchdowns and a then Super Bowl-record 414 passing yards, including a 73-yard touchdown to Isaac Bruce when the game was tied with just over two minutes to play, which proved to be the game-winning score.<mask> also set a Super Bowl record by attempting 45 passes without a single interception. For his performance, <mask> was awarded the Super Bowl MVP award. As of 2021, <mask> is the most recent player to win both the NFL MVP and Super Bowl MVP in the same year. 2000 season On July 21, <mask> signed a seven-year contract worth $47 million. He started the 2000 season where he had left off in his record-setting 1999 season, racking up 300 or more passing yards in each of his first six games (tying Steve Young's record) and posting 19 touchdown passes in that stretch. <mask> broke his hand and missed the middle of the season, but Trent Green filled in ably and the <mask> duo led the Rams to the highest team passing yard total in NFL history, with 5,232 net yards. <mask> and Green's combined gross passing yards total was 5,492.In contrast to his previous season, however, <mask>'s turnover rate drastically increased in 2000, as he threw an interception in 5.2% of his attempts (compared to just 2.6% in 1999). Despite one of the most productive offensive years by an NFL team, the Rams won only ten games and lost in the wild card round to the New Orleans Saints. In response to the disappointing season, the Rams cut nine of their eleven defensive starters during the offseason, and Trent Green was traded to the Kansas City Chiefs. 2001 season <mask> returned to MVP form in 2001. Although his performance lagged behind his 1999 performance, he amassed a league-high 36 touchdown passes and 4,830 passing yards, and another league high mark in passer rating (101.4). <mask>'s tendency for turnovers carried over from 2000, as he tossed a career-high 22 interceptions (despite completing a career-high 68.7% of his passes), but he still led "The Greatest Show on Turf" to its third consecutive 6–0 start (becoming the first NFL team to do so, later equaled by the 2005–2007 Indianapolis Colts), an NFL-best 14–2 record, and an appearance in Super Bowl XXXVI. <mask> was also named the NFL MVP for the second time in three seasons, giving the Rams their third winner in as many years (running back Marshall Faulk won in 2000).In Super Bowl XXXVI, <mask> threw for 365 yards (then the second-highest, now the sixth-highest total in Super Bowl history) and a passing touchdown along with a rushing touchdown, but his rhythm was disrupted by New England Patriots coach Bill Belichick's defensive game plan and he tossed two costly interceptions which helped stake the heavy-underdog Patriots to a two-touchdown lead. After falling behind to the Patriots 17–3, though, the Rams rallied to tie the game late in the fourth quarter on a one-yard <mask> quarterback sneak touchdown run and a 26-yard touchdown pass from <mask> to Ricky Proehl. The game ended in a 20-17 loss for <mask> and the Rams when Patriots kicker Adam Vinatieri kicked a game-winning field goal as time expired, giving the Patriots the first of three Super Bowl wins in four years. 2002–2003 seasons <mask> began the 2002 season as the Rams' starter, but he played poorly, throwing seven interceptions against only one touchdown as the team went 0–3. In the Rams' fourth game, this one against the Dallas Cowboys, <mask> broke a finger on his throwing hand. <mask> attempted to come back later in the season, but his injury allowed him to play only two more games (both losses). In contrast to his 103.0 career passer rating entering the season, <mask> posted a minuscule 67.4 rating in 2002.The following season, <mask> was replaced as the Rams' starting quarterback for good after fumbling six times in the team's opening-day game against the New York Giants. <mask> later revealed that he had previously broken his hand and that it had not fully healed, making it more difficult to grip the football. His successor as the Rams' starting quarterback, Marc Bulger (another relatively unheralded quarterback coming out of college), stepped into the breach and played reasonably well upon replacing <mask>. The Rams signed veteran Chris Chandler as Bulger's backup. The Rams released <mask> on June 1, 2004 with three years left on his contract. New York Giants Two days after his release from the Rams, he signed a one-year, $3 million deal with the New York Giants, with a second year player option worth $6 million. <mask> started the 2004 season as the Giants' starting quarterback, winning five of his first seven games, but following a two-game losing streak, highly touted rookie quarterback Eli Manning was given the starting job.The Giants had a 5–4 win-loss record at the time of <mask>'s benching, finishing at 6–10 overall (going only 1–6 under Manning). Following the season, <mask> chose to void the second year of his contract, and thus became a free agent. Arizona Cardinals 2005 season In early 2005, <mask> signed a one-year, $4-million contract with the Arizona Cardinals, and was quickly named the starter by coach Dennis Green. <mask> posted three relatively mediocre performances before injuring his groin and being replaced by former starter Josh McCown. McCown performed well enough in the two games <mask> missed that McCown remained the starter. After McCown struggled in two straight games, Green re-inserted <mask> into the starting line-up. After playing fairly well in two consecutive losses (passing for a total of nearly 700 yards), <mask> defeated his former team, the Rams, by a score of 38–28.He passed for 285 yards and three touchdowns while posting a quarterback rating of 115.9. <mask>'s season ended in week 15 when he partially tore his MCL. <mask> signed a new three-year extension with the Cardinals on February 14, 2006. The deal had a base salary of $18 million and, with performance incentives, could have been worth as much as $24 million. 2006 season In Week 1 of the 2006 NFL season, <mask> won the NFC Offensive Player of the Week award, throwing for 301 yards and three touchdowns in a win over San Francisco. Two weeks later, <mask> passed the 20,000-yard passing milestone in his 76th game, the second-quickest of any player in NFL history (<mask> accomplished the feat in one game more than it took record-holder Dan Marino). After three subpar games in Weeks 2-4, <mask> was replaced as quarterback by rookie Matt Leinart in the fourth quarter of week 4.Then-coach Dennis Green stated that <mask> would be the backup quarterback for the remainder of the season. In week 16, Leinart went down with a shoulder injury against the 49ers, forcing <mask> to see his first action since week 4. <mask> filled in nicely, as he was able to hang on for the Cardinals win. In week 17 against the San Diego Chargers, <mask> started again in place of the injured Leinart, throwing for 365 yards (which led the NFL for that week) and a touchdown, though the Chargers were able to hold on for a 27–20 win. 2007 season Leinart was given the starting quarterback job at the start of the 2007 season. However, in the third game of the season, against the Baltimore Ravens, <mask> came off the bench to relieve an ineffective Leinart during the 4th quarter with the Ravens leading 23–6 at the beginning of the period. <mask> led a furious comeback, as he completed 15 of 20 passes for 258 yards and 2 touchdowns.This brought Arizona to a tie game (23–23), though Arizona would go on to lose the game 26–23 after Baltimore kicked a last-second field goal. On September 30, 2007, during the week four game against the Pittsburgh Steelers, <mask> relieved Leinart again, following another ineffective start. <mask> finished with 14 completed of 21 attempts for 132 yards with one touchdown pass and no interceptions, while Leinart re-entered the game in the 4th quarter and led the Cardinals to their final touchdown. After Leinart was placed on injured reserve, <mask> was named starter for the remainder of the 2007 season. <mask> passed for a career-high 484 yards against the 49ers in a 37–31 loss on November 25, but had a fumble in the end zone in overtime that was recovered by Tully Banta-Cain, and the Cardinals lost. However, the following week <mask> improved; and the Cardinals earned a victory over the Browns that brought the Cardinals to 6–6 and kept them in the chase for the NFC Wild Card playoff spot. <mask> finished the 2007 season with 27 passing touchdowns, just one shy of the Cardinals franchise record.<mask>'s performance earned him a $1 million bonus for the year, and he fell just short of attaining a 90.0+ passer rating, which would have given him an extra $500,000. 2008 season Leinart was named the Cardinals' starting quarterback going into the 2008 off-season, but Ken Whisenhunt stated that it would be very possible for <mask> to be the starter before week one of the regular season. Indeed, <mask> was named the starter on August 30, 2008. That season, <mask> had 4,583 passing yards, 30 touchdowns, and a completion percentage of 67.1%. He was the top ranked passer in the National Football Conference for the third time, and only trailed Philip Rivers and Chad Pennington of the AFC in NFL passer rating for the season. <mask> also received FedEx Air Player of the Week honors for his performance during weeks 9 and 11 of the season. He had his struggles during the season, as in week 3 of the season vs. the New York Jets, his team turned the ball over 7 times.This included an interception for a touchdown, and 2 picks resulting in a touchdown and a field goal in just the second quarter. <mask> still managed to get his team to score 35 points in a 56-35 loss. On December 7, 2008, <mask> led the Cardinals to a 34–10 win over his former team, the Rams, securing for the Cardinals the NFC West Division title and their first playoff berth since 1998. It was the Cardinals' first division title since 1975 and third of the post-merger era. As a result, the Cardinals earned a home playoff game, only their second ever, and their first in Arizona. (Despite winning division titles in the 1974 and 1975 seasons in St. Louis, the Cardinals played on the road in the playoffs as a result of the playoff structure in those days.) On December 16, 2008, <mask> was named the starting quarterback for the NFC team in the 2009 Pro Bowl.2008 postseason On January 3, 2009, <mask> led the Cardinals in

Kurt Warner

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their victory over the Atlanta Falcons 30–24 at home in the first round of the playoffs. During the game <mask> went 19 for 32 passing, a completion percentage of 59.4%, for 271 yards. He threw two touchdowns and one interception. This win represented the first time the Cardinals had won a post-season home game since the 1947 NFL Championship Game. On January 10, <mask> helped the Cardinals defeat the Carolina Panthers 33–13 in Charlotte, North Carolina in the second round of the playoffs. During the game <mask> went 21 for 32 passing, for 220 yards, a completion percentage of 65.6%, with two touchdowns and one interception. This win was the first time the Cardinals had won a game on the East Coast the entire 2008 season, after having lost away games to the Panthers, Washington Redskins, Philadelphia Eagles, New York Jets, and the New England Patriots.On January 18, <mask> threw for 279 yards, four touchdowns, and no interceptions against the Philadelphia Eagles to lead the Cardinals to their first Super Bowl appearance in history. <mask> is one of four quarterbacks who made Super Bowl starts with two teams (alongside Craig Morton, Peyton Manning, and Tom Brady). In <mask>'s third career Super Bowl appearance on February 1, the Cardinals lost Super Bowl XLIII 27–23 to the Pittsburgh Steelers, leaving him with a career 1–2 record in Super Bowls. Despite losing, <mask> still managed to throw for 377 yards (the fourth-highest total in Super Bowl history). He completed 72.1% of his passes, and had a quarterback rating of 112.3. <mask> had now recorded the three highest single-game passing yardage totals in the history of the Super Bowl, and joined Roger Staubach, Terry Bradshaw, Joe Montana, John Elway, and Tom Brady as the only quarterbacks to throw a touchdown pass in three Super Bowls. <mask> took his team to the Super Bowl every year that he played as the starting quarterback during all regular and post season games.2009 season <mask> announced his desire to return to the Cardinals for the 2009 season. The Cardinals offered him a two-year contract worth around $20 million but <mask> was looking for a contract that would pay him about $14 million a year and the two sides could not come to an agreement. On February 27, 2009, <mask> became a free agent and went on to have talks with the San Francisco 49ers. The 49ers offered <mask> a contract worth more than that offered by the Cardinals. On March 4, <mask> re-signed with the Cardinals to a two-year deal worth $23 million total, $4 million for each of the next two years, with a $15 million signing bonus, and $19 million guaranteed. <mask> underwent arthroscopic hip surgery to repair a torn labrum on March 17, 2009. On September 20, 2009, <mask> broke the NFL's single-game record for completion percentage in the regular season, completing 24 of 26 passing for 243 yards and two touchdowns.<mask>'s 92.3 percent completion rate broke the previous NFL record set by Vinny Testaverde in 1993. On November 1, 2009, <mask> threw a career-high-equaling five interceptions during a loss to the Carolina Panthers. During the same game <mask> became the first quarterback in the NFL to throw for over 14,000 yards with two teams. On November 8, <mask> equaled his career-high of five touchdown passes in a single game during a 41–21 victory over the Chicago Bears. This performance led to <mask> being named both the NFC Offensive Player of the Week and the FedEx Air NFL Player of the Week. On November 15, 2009, <mask> reached a career milestone with his 200th touchdown pass during a 31–20 win against the Seattle Seahawks. On November 22, 2009, during a 21–13 victory over the St. Louis Rams, <mask> left the game after suffering a concussion.<mask> continued to suffer from post-concussion symptoms and on November 29, 2009, he was deactivated against the Tennessee Titans, breaking his consecutive starts streak at 41 games. On December 6, 2009, <mask> returned to action as the Cardinals defeated the Minnesota Vikings 30–17. <mask> registered his fourth consecutive game with a passer rating of 120 or better, making him only the second quarterback in NFL history to accomplish the feat. After his three-touchdown performance, <mask> was named both the NFC Offensive Player of the Week and the FedEx Air NFL Player of the Week. On December 27, 2009, <mask> became only the second quarterback in NFL history to throw 100 touchdown passes with two teams (Hall of Famer Fran Tarkenton is the other), in the Cardinals' 31–10 win over the St. Louis Rams. On December 29, 2009, <mask> was named an alternate quarterback for the NFC team in the 2010 Pro Bowl. 2009 postseason On January 10, 2010, <mask> threw five touchdowns and completed 29 of 33 passes for 379 yards in a 51–45 victory over the Green Bay Packers.The game had the highest combined total score in NFL playoff history. <mask> became one of the very few quarterbacks in NFL history to throw more touchdowns (5) than incompletions (4) in a playoff game. <mask> finished the game with the second highest quarterback rating in NFL playoff history with a rating of 154.1. He also became the second quarterback to throw for five touchdown passes in a playoff game twice, and the first to do so since the merger of the leagues. He is also the oldest player to have thrown that many touchdown passes in a playoff game (38 years, 202 days). <mask> also tied the NFL record for consecutive playoff games with at least three touchdown passes (three games). Since the playoff game was his last at home in the playoffs during his career, he finished a perfect 7-0 in home contests (4-0 with St. Louis; 3-0 with Arizona).On January 16, <mask> was injured in the first half trying to tackle the ball carrier after an interception on the way to a 45–14 loss at New Orleans in the NFC Divisional round. He returned for the second half, but yielded to understudy Matt Leinart midway through the fourth quarter. In 2012, the NFL discovered the Saints had placed a bounty on <mask>. <mask> never accused the Saints of making an illegal hit or ending his career, saying "It was a violent hit, no question. But I also believe it was a legal hit." Retirement <mask> officially announced his retirement from the NFL in January 2010. He said he was looking forward to finally being a true father to his seven kids, and that he wanted to spend time with his wife.He spoke on the impact and influence of his family, former teammates, and God. He became eligible for induction into the Hall of Fame following the 2014 season. In December 2014, <mask> admitted he briefly considered coming out of retirement and returning to the Cardinals following the team losing Carson Palmer and Drew Stanton due to injuries. Post-retirement career <mask> became an Iowa Barnstormers broadcaster for the 2011 Arena Football League season. In May 2010, he was inducted into the Arena Football Hall of Fame. He is also a member of the Iowa Barnstormers Hall of Fame. <mask> was inducted into the St. Louis Sports Hall of Fame in 2014.<mask> was selected for induction in the Pro Football Hall of Fame class of 2017. He was inducted on August 5, 2017, alongside Morten Andersen, Terrell Davis, Kenny Easley, Jerry Jones, Jason Taylor, and LaDainian Tomlinson. He is the only person inducted into both the Pro Football Hall of Fame and the Arena Football Hall of Fame. From 2015 to 2018, <mask> was a coach at Desert Mountain High School in Scottsdale, Arizona. Notably, Kedon Slovis played under <mask> before being recruited by the USC Trojans for the 2019 college football season. Since 2019, <mask> is the quarterbacks coach at Brophy College Preparatory. Career statistics and records NFL statistics Regular season Postseason Super Bowl NFL records First quarterback to throw 400+ yards in a Super Bowl game – 414 yards against Tennessee in Super Bowl XXXIV Was the most passing yards in a Super Bowl game until surpassed by Tom Brady in Super Bowl LI Most touchdown passes in a single postseason – 11 touchdowns (in 2009, tied with Joe Montana in 1990 and Joe Flacco in 2013) Most yards passing in a single postseason, 3 games played – 1,063 yards (in 1999) Highest rate of games with 300+ yards passing (min.100 games played) – 41.9% (52/124) First quarterback to throw 40 touchdowns and win a Super Bowl in the same season (in 1999; Tom Brady accomplished the same feat in 2020 when he threw 40 touchdowns and won Super Bowl LV.) Most yards passing in the first four games of a season – 1557 yards (2000) Most yards passing in the first five games of a season – 1947 yards (2000) Most yards passing in the first six games of a season – 2260 yards (2000) Highest average passing yards per game on Monday Night Football – 329.4 yards (min 7 games) Most wins in the NFC Championship Game without a loss (3-0; 1999, 2001, 2008). <mask>'s parents divorced when he was six. <mask> and his brother, Matt, lived with their mother, including through another short marriage and divorce. <mask>'s father, <mask>, remarried a year after divorcing <mask>'s mom. <mask>'s stepmother, <mask>, also had a son named Matt (Post). The three boys formed a close relationship soon thereafter.<mask> graduated in 1989 from Regis High School, Cedar Rapids, Iowa, where he was quarterback of the school's Class 3A football team. College <mask> graduated from University of Northern Iowa with a degree in communications. Marriage During college, <mask> met his future wife, Brenda Carney Meoni; they married on October 11, 1997. Brenda is a former United States Marine Corps corporal. She was divorced with two children, one of whom was left brain damaged and blind after being accidentally dropped by Brenda's ex-husband, leading to her hardship discharge from the Marines in 1990. After <mask> was cut from the Packers' training camp in 1994, he got a job working the night shift as a night stock clerk at a local Hy-Vee grocery store, in addition to his work as an assistant coach at Northern Iowa. While <mask> was working as an assistant coach, the couple were living in Brenda's parents' basement in Cedar Falls.Brenda's parents were killed in 1996 when their Mountain View, Arkansas home was destroyed by a tornado. <mask> and Brenda married on October 11, 1997, at the St. John American Lutheran Church, the same place where the service for Brenda's parents was held. <mask> was still hoping to get an NFL tryout, but with that possibility appearing dim and the long hours at Hy-Vee for minimum wage taking their toll, <mask> began his Arena League career. After marrying Brenda, <mask> officially adopted her two children from her first marriage; they have since added five children of their own. Christian faith and testimony <mask> and <mask> are devout evangelical Christians. His faith first emerged on the national stage following the Rams' Super Bowl victory, where he was named the game's MVP: Nine years later, upon leading the Cardinals to the franchise's first-ever Super Bowl, <mask>'s response was similar: <mask> has usually attended charismatic churches, and believes that God healed him from a concussion he suffered in 2000. However, he eschews the term "charismatic."In 2001, he told Charisma, "I'm just a Christian." Broadcasting In 2010, <mask> joined NFL Network as an analyst. He can be seen regularly on NFL Total Access, as well as in-studio on NFL Network's Thursday Night Football pregame show, Thursday Night Kickoff Presented by Sears. <mask> also served as an analyst for the NFL Network's coverage of the 2010 Arena Football League playoffs. <mask> tested positive for COVID-19 in January 2021, and was unable to serve on the studio panel for NFL GameDay Morning for the wild card playoff round. In August 2010, Fox Sports announced that <mask> would be serving as a color analyst on the network's NFL coverage in the 2010 season. He teamed with play-by-play announcers Chris Rose or Chris Myers to call regional games.In 2014, Westwood One radio hired <mask> as a substitute analyst on Monday Night Football games when regular analyst Boomer Esiason is unavailable. In 2018, <mask> became the full-time radio analyst. Television appearances On January 27, 2009, <mask> made a special appearance on the NBC reality show The Biggest Loser. <mask> made a guest appearance on Disney's The Suite Life on Deck as himself, in the episode "Any Given Fantasy" which aired on January 18, 2010. On February 9, 2010, <mask> was a surprise guest on the final episode of The Jay Leno Show. On August 30, 2010, it was announced on live television that <mask> would be appearing as a contestant on Dancing with the Stars. His professional dance partner was Anna Trebunskaya; the couple was eliminated in week 8, the Instant Choreography Week.<mask> appeared as the host of The Moment, a reality series on USA Network, in 2013. Film and video In 2003, GoodTimes Entertainment released the direct-to-home video <mask>'s Good Sports Gang, a film featuring <mask> as the "coach" of a group of animated sports balls. The series was sponsored by <mask>, and focused on religious faith and moral values. A portion of the proceeds went to Warner's First Things First Foundation. Although it was originally planned as a series, Episode 1: Elliot the Invincible, was the only release along with Together, We're Better (Episode 2) and a few shorts featuring <mask> and his adopted daughter, <mask>. In February 2020, it was announced that the Erwin Brothers were creating, and releasing a theatrical film about <mask>'s life titled American Underdog, with Zachary Levi as <mask>. The film was produced by Kingdom Story Company, and distributed by Lionsgate on December 25, 2021 to generally favorable reviews.Endorsements On December 3, 2010, <mask>'s first multi-year post-retirement endorsement agreement was announced. Amway North America announced that it had signed <mask> to a multi-year endorsement agreement to represent the Nutrilite brand. Amway reportedly agreed to make a $50,000 donation to <mask>'s First Things First Foundation. In addition to his post-retirement endorsements and charity work, <mask> has invested in the Elite Football League of India, a South Asian professional football league. Other prominent American backers include former Chicago Bears head coach Mike Ditka, former Dallas Cowboys wide receiver Michael Irvin, sports analyst and former NFL quarterback Ron Jaworski, and actor Mark Wahlberg. <mask>'s total investment amount remains undisclosed, although $50,000 of it will go towards a donation of footballs to schools and underprivileged children throughout India. Public service <mask> has also appeared in several public service announcements for Civitan International, promoting his and Brenda's volunteer efforts and their work with the developmentally disabled.This issue is personally close to <mask>, as Zachary, his adopted son from Brenda's first marriage, suffered major brain damage as an infant when his biological father accidentally dropped him. <mask> has devoted time and money to his First Things First Foundation, the name of which was derived from his interview after winning the Super Bowl in 1999. The foundation is dedicated to impacting lives by promoting Christian values, sharing experiences and providing opportunities to encourage everyone that all things are possible when people seek to put 'first things first.' The foundation has been involved with numerous projects for causes such as children's hospitals, people with developmental disabilities and assisting single parents. <mask>'s work both on and off the field resulted in him being awarded the NFL Walter Payton Man of the Year Award 2008, which was presented to him at the start of Super Bowl XLIII. In March 2009, <mask> was honored with the Muhammad Ali Sports Leadership Award. <mask> was selected by USA Weekend as the winner of its annual Most Caring Athlete Award for 2009.In December 2009, <mask> topped a Sports Illustrated poll of NFL players to name the best role model on and off the field in the NFL. In February 2010, <mask> received the annual Bart Starr Award, given for outstanding character and leadership in the home, on the field and in the community. At the award presentation, Bart Starr said of <mask>: "We have never given this award to anyone who is more deserving". See also List of NFL quarterbacks who have posted a perfect passer rating List of Arena Football League and National Football League players NFL starting quarterback playoff records References Further reading <mask>, <mask> & Silver, Michael, (2000). All Things Possible. San Francisco: HarperCollins. (cloth) (paper back).Warner, <mask> & Brenda, (2009). First Things First. Carol Stream, Illinois: Tyndale House Publishers Inc. (Hardcover) External links 1971 births Alliance of American Football announcers American Christians American football quarterbacks Amsterdam Admirals players Arena football announcers Arizona Cardinals players Green Bay Packers players Iowa Barnstormers players Living people National Conference Pro Bowl players National Football League announcers National Football League Most Valuable Player Award winners New York Giants players Northern Iowa Panthers football coaches Northern Iowa Panthers football players People from Burlington, Iowa Players of American football from Iowa Pro Football Hall of Fame inductees Sportspeople from Cedar Rapids, Iowa St. Louis Rams players Super Bowl

William I of Guelders and Jülich

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<mask> (5 March 1364 – 16 February 1402, Arnhem) was Duke of Guelders, as <mask>, from 1377 and Duke of Jülich, as <mask> III, from 1393. <mask> was known for his military activities, participating in the Prussian crusade five times and battling with neighbors in France and Brabant throughout his rule. His allies included Holy Roman Emperors, <mask> and Wenceslaus, <mask> of England, and Conrad Zöllner von Rothenstein, the Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights. During his reign the duchies of Guelders and Jülich were temporarily unified. Childhood and accession <mask> was the eldest son of <mask> II, Duke of Jülich and Maria of Guelders, half-sister of Reginald III, Duke of Guelders and Edward, Duke of Guelders. The brothers Edward and Reginald disputed the Duchy, with Edward taking control in 1361, imprisoning his brother. In 1366, Edward violated a peace made with <mask>, Holy Roman Emperor and Wenceslaus I, Duke of Luxembourg (who was Duke of Brabant by marriage to Joanna, Duchess of Brabant) by not protecting Brabant merchants in the land between the Rhine and the Meuse who were under threat by armed men involved in the English-French wars.Wenceslaus's army then invaded and engaged in the Battle of Baesweiler in August 1371. Duke Edward, who was about to marry Katherine of Bavaria, daughter of Albert I, Duke of Bavaria, joined the battle and captured Duke Wenceslaus, but was wounded by an arrow and died. Reginald was immediately released, but died of ill health in three months, neither leaving heirs. This led to internal dissent over succession. Edward and Reginald were the only children of <mask>, Duke of Guelders and Eleanor of Woodstock, daughter of Edward II of England, and Reginald's only male heirs. <mask>'s first marriage was to Sophia Berthout, Lady of Mechelen, which led to four daughters. Two daughters, Maria and Mathilde, then made claim to the title.Mathilde's claim was based on her position as eldest daughter. Maria based her claim on <mask>, who was seven at the time, being the only male representative of the blood of Guelders. Mathilde quickly married John II, Count of Blois, and this grievance precipitated into the War of the Succession of Guelders. <mask>'s father, <mask> II, Duke of Jülich, was granted the right to administer the duchy by Emperor Charles IV during his son's minority. At this time a marriage was arranged between the young <mask> and Katherine of Bavaria, who had been betrothed to his uncle Edward. However, as part of the reconciliation between the houses of Blois and Jülich, some of Guelders remained under the control of Mathilde, and the upper district was under control of Jülich. In 1377, upon the boys majority, Emperor <mask> granted Guelders and Zutphen to <mask>, the son of <mask> II, but it took two more years to consolidate his authority over the entire duchy.He immediately received homage from Arnhem, Nijmegen, and the upper district. However, <mask> did not recognize all of the municipal privileges granted by his half-uncle, Duke Reginald. His rule was opposed by some areas, notably Betuwe and Veluwe, and by nobles led by Frederik van Heeckeren van der Eze, who had supported Mathilde (and Reginald) in comparison to nobles led by Gijsbert V van Bronckhorst, Heer van Bronckhorst who had supported Edward and Maria. <mask> consolidated control after besieging a number of castles of Hekeren nobles. His father accompanied him in a victory over the lord of Voorst near Gennep and Reginald van Brederede van Gennep, the chief leader of the Hekerens. With this, Mathilde and John of Blois renounced all claim to Guelders and Zutphen on 24 March 1379. That fall <mask> married Catherine.Wars and rule <mask>'s rule is cited as an example of the chivalry of that time in France and the Netherlands. He put on many tournaments and sports at arms, and has been called an ideal knight. He participated in crusades against the Lithuanians in East Prussia in the territories of the Teutonic Order with <mask> of Holland, first in 1383, and later in 1388–89 and 1393. He was an ally of the English in the Hundred Years' War. And continuing the enmity from the War of the Succession of Guelders, he fought successfully in 1386–1388 with his father against the Duchy of Brabant, which was allied with France and Burgundy. <mask>'s army advanced far into Brabant, although his army was stalled in a battle near Grave, North Brabant in July 1388. His actions and alliance with England have been seen as reckless, and raised the ire of <mask> of France, who advanced on Guelders with an army of 100,000.<mask> narrowly escaped disaster with an apology, but his stand against the French made him famous throughout Europe. Capture in Pomerania Shortly after his campaigns in Brabant, <mask> departed again for Prussia with a large army. He was quite successful in this crusade, but was taken prisoner near Stolpe in Pomerania, the land of Wartislaw <mask>, Duke of Pomerania. He was taken to the castle of Falkenburg, where he stayed for six months. Conrad Zöllner von Rothenstein, the grand master of the Teutonic Order, won his freedom. <mask> demanded that his freedom be formally declared, but the Pomeranian was embarrassed by his defeat. In fear of the citizens, the Pomeranian nobleman hid in a tree on one side of a brook and shouted his declaration of <mask>'s freedom to <mask> and the Teutonic Knights who were on the other side.<mask> then returned to Guelders by way of Bohemia, where he visited his brother-in-law, Wenceslaus, King of the Romans. Return to Europe In the spring of 1390 <mask> went to England and was made a Knight of the Garter by Richard II of England - and was the first continental nobleman to be honored in this way. The next year he made a pilgrimage to the Holy Land, and in the summer of 1391 he joined a French fleet to fight Moorish pirates of the coast of Barbary. He returned to the crusades in Prussia in the winter of 1392 and 1393, and inherited the Duchy of Jülich (as <mask> III) in 1393 upon the death of his father. This involved him in new difficulties with neighbors in Cologne, Berg, Cleves, and Mark. In 1399, further hostilities with Brabant resulted finally in cession of Grave to Guelders. He also participated in a fourth campaign against the Prussians in 1399, and then a fifth crusade.As part of his involvement in the Hundred Years' War, he played an important role as he was in control of the coronation road between Frankfurt and Aachen, which passed through his territory. He was thus able to prevent the coronation of Rupert of Germany in 1400. In the fall of 1401 <mask> was intending to prepare to join his brother in law, John van Arkel, in his war against Duke Albert in Holland. However, he took sick, and died 16 February 1402. Legacy Had <mask> lived longer, it is likely that he would have continued to resist Burgundian influence in the Netherlands, and his legacy was heavily tied with his external wars. Although these wars came at a cost for the people of Guelders and Jülich, his activity did allow for his counties to thrive economically and to unite against an external enemy. As evidence the political parties of the Heeckeren and the Bronckhorstens were reconciled.After his death, his only brother Reginald IV succeeded him as duke of a united Jülich and Guelders-Zutphen. Reginald was less warlike, although tensions continued with Cleves over Lymers and Zevenaar, and the town of Emmerich was ceded to Cleves. Upon the death of Reginald, also without issue, the Duchy of Jülich went to Adolf, Duke of Jülich-Berg, son of <mask> of Jülich, 1st Duke of Berg, and grandson of <mask> of Jülich, Count of Berg and Ravensberg, brother of <mask>'s father. The Duchy of Guelders-Zutphen went to Arnold of Egmond, son of Maria van Arkel, daughter of <mask>'s sister, Joanna, and Count <mask> of Arkel. Personal retinue The court of Guelders at the end of the 14th century and beginning of the 15th century was quite celebrated, including numerous physicians, barbers, falconers and cooks. Among his retinue, <mask> kept head cooks Evarardus Bolte, Crumken, and Elbertus van Eijll (who continued as master cook for <mask>'s successor, <mask>). Elbertus may have been the grandson of Evarardus Bolte, and a genealogie of Elbertus' grandson in about 1440 claimed that Elbertus married a bastard daughter of Duke <mask> named Margaret.In 1396, during a visit to the English king, the cooks entered a cooking contest against their English counterparts led by then head cook, Crumken. <mask> kept many physicians. In 1388/89, three physicians are mentioned: Arnt van Auwel, Clais, and Peter, as well as a healer of wounds, Jan van Asperen. Later, Peter van Orten and Giesbert van Berg were separately brought into <mask>'s household after serving as professors of Medicine at the University of Cologne. Giesbert managed to work as a physician to Duchess Johanna and Antoine, Duke of Brabant, enemies of Guelders. When sick in 1401 and 1402, other doctors were called: Derich Distel, Volpart, Evert <mask> Eze, and an English physician, Thomas. <mask> had many assistants who administered his lands while he was on campaigns.In 1388 during campaigns in Prussia, <mask> left Henry of Steenbergen to administer Jülich and Guelders. In 1390 while visiting the King of England, he left Johann von der Velde called Honselaerr, who had fought with Duke <mask> against Brabant in Grave. His musicians included Claes Heynenzoon, called Herald Gelre, also famous for his Wapenboek Gelre, a book containing drawings of the coats of arms of many famous nobles, an artist called Middelen, and Henric the Bohemian. Wife and children <mask> married in 1379 Catharina of Bavaria (1361 – 11 November 1400), daughter of <mask>, Duke of Bavaria, who had been betrothed to his uncle Edward, Duke of Guelders. The marriage remained childless, and Katherine died in Hattem on 11 November 1400. Upon his death in 1402, <mask> was buried next to his wife at Monnikhuizen monastery near Arnhem. <mask> had illegitimate children including: Margaret, aforementioned wife of Elbert van Eijll Johanna of Guelders-Jülich, married <mask> of Kuyk Johan of Guelders, son of Mechtild van Brackel, married Hadewig van Sinderen Maria of Jülich, married Johan van Buren, and had issue.References |- |- Dukes of Guelders Dukes of Jülich Christians of the Prussian Crusade 1364 births 1402 deaths House of Jülich-Hengebach Place of birth missing

John Gaventa

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<mask> (born 1949) is currently the Director of Research at the Institute of Development Studies, University of Sussex, where he has been a Fellow since 1996. From 2011 to 2014, he served as the director of the Coady International Institute and vice-president of International Development at St. Francis Xavier University in Antigonish, Nova Scotia, Canada. Education and career <mask> received his B.A. from Vanderbilt University in 1971, and was a Rhodes Scholar at Oxford. He taught at the University of Tennessee in Knoxville from 1987 until 1996. He began to help lead a grassroots adult educational program at the Highlander Research and Education Center in New Market, Tennessee, in 1976, and was director from 1993 until 1996. He received a MacArthur Award in 1981 for his work with the Highlander Center.His first publication, Power and Powerlessness: Quiescence and Rebellion in an Appalachian Valley, broke new theoretical and empirical ground in the study of social power, winning the Woodrow Wilson Foundation Book Award of the American Political Science Association, the V.O Key Book Award of the Southern Political Science Association, the Lillian Smith Book Award of the Southern Regiona Council, and the W.D Weatherford Book Award, and earned co-runnerup in the first annual Robert F. Kennedy Book Award competition. In February 2015, the journal Southern Spaces posted previously unpublished footage recorded by Helen Lewis, <mask>, and Richard Greatrex as part of their project to document the cultures of Appalachian and Welsh mining communities in the 1970s. <mask>'s papers are managed by the Belk Library at Appalachian State University. Research on community power While studying at Oxford with Steven Lukes, author of Power: a Radical View (1974), Gaventa developed a theoretical and methodological approach to the study of community power that has radically transformed community power studies in political sociology and opened a path for the legitimization of participatory research in mainstream sociology and political science. The book Global Citizen Action, edited by Gaventa, is one such example. In an essay written for the book, <mask> writes, "Since the 1970s many activists have heard and been guided by the adage 'think globally, act locally.' These essays would suggest the reverse: Think locally about the impacts of global institutions and global forces."He used this skills to become an activist in and document series of national mining strikes across the United Kingdom, including the 1974 Wales miners' strike. Borrowing from Lukes, <mask> identifies three analytical dimensions that are the proper study of social power. Each subsequent dimension is increasingly difficult to empirically observe using traditional political science methodologies, forcing Gaventa to synthesize various understandings of socialization into a cogent articulation of observable processes through which symbolic production is channeled within identifiable networks and communities. The "one-dimensional" approach involves direct empirical observations of openly contested public issues. It involves defining and framing these issues in terms of identifiable winners and losers, and reflects the traditional pluralist approach to the study of community power. The "second dimension" involves the addition of what Gaventa calls the "mobilization of bias", through which cultural hegemony is both asserted and legitimized. This happens through the control of the agenda setting thanks to prior rules.Empirically, <mask>'s contribution is to develop a method for examining the various channels through which those in power transform concerns, claims, and potential challenges about inequitable outcomes into "non-decisions". The "third dimension" therefore adds the capacity to influence expectations about social outcomes by manipulating symbols and ideology so that inequities themselves become "non-issues." <mask>'s articulation and empirical demonstration of the "three-dimensional" approach to the study of power has informed many disciplines and scholars about the nuances of social power and the processes of its legitimization, while also lending support to scholars and social change advocates who would find the sources and the solutions of social problems not in the dictates or preconceived notions held by social scientists, theologians, and philosophers, but in the narratives of the affected alienated populations. Citizen Action and National Policy Reform opens: "How can ordinary citizens - and the organizations and movements which they engage - make changes in national policies which affect their lives, and the lives of others around them?" This question, which is arguably the central question with which Gaventa is concerned, is answered through the theory <mask> employs. In <mask>'s theory, methodological subjectivity allows the framing of a social problem, and a social solution, to arise from within the group, thereby empowering and better enabling the group to take collective action in the face of authorities' power to frame issues as non-issues in the public's mind. Because <mask>'s work draws so heavily upon Luke's "three-face" conception of power, his work has been critiqued by other sociologists and scholars of power.Abraham argues that Michel Foucault's analysis of power identifies a "fourth face" by which power acts, which postulates that, "postulates that power itself produces subjects, their interests, their prospects for resistance, and what they consider truth." Abraham writes,"had <mask>uldian notion of power, then he would perhaps have found even more insights into power’s operations." Selected publications <mask>'s publications include: Power and Powerlessness: Quiescence and Rebellion in an Appalachian Valley, (1980) We Make the Road by Walking: Conversations on Education and Social Change, Communities in Economic Crisis: Appalachia and the South, Global Citizen Action, Awards and honors <mask> was appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in the 2012 Birthday Honours for his services to Oxfam. References 1949 births Living people MacArthur Fellows Academics of the University of Sussex Officers of the Order of the British Empire

Ken Filiano

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<mask> (born 1952) is an American jazz and orchestral bassist based in Brooklyn, New York. Since the 1970s, Filiano has played or recorded with Anthony Braxton, Fred Ho, Nels Cline, Bill Dixon, Fay Victor, and others. Filiano is on the teaching roster at the New School in New York. He teaches master classes in bass and improvisation and has a private studio in Brooklyn. Music career Early life and education <mask> was born in Patchogue, New York. He began playing trumpet as a child and continued to play the instrument while attending Syracuse University and studying with Rudolf Nashan. Nearing the end of his undergraduate work, Filiano decided to switch to bass and study with V. Stewart Wheeler.He received a Bachelor of Music in Double Bass from Syracuse University in 1978. Filiano did graduate work at the University of Southern California in the late 1980s before eventually receiving a Master of Music in Double Bass from Rutgers University in 1997. While at Rutgers, he studied with bassists Carolyn Davis, John Feeney, and Larry Ridley, as well as with Ted Dunbar, <mask>, Ralph Bowen, and Daniel Goode. Performing and recording Filiano began his professional career in 1974, working across the Northeastern United States from his home base in Syracuse, New York. From 1975-76 he was the principal bassist in the Syracuse University Orchestra. As the decade began, Filiano lived in Boston. From 1980-83 he was a member of the Search quartet, performing and giving master classes sponsored by the Performing Artist Association of New England.In 1983, Filiano relocated to Los Angeles, California. He began to work as a freelance bassist in classical recording studios and on the jazz scene. He formed a relationship with multi-instrumentalist Vinny Golia, with whom he toured North America and Europe throughout the 1980s. Filiano made his jazz album debut in 1985, appearing on recordings by Golia and Arni Cheatham. In the second half of the decade, he recorded with Richard Grossman, Steve Adams and Kim Richmond. Filiano also performed in numerous classical concerts, both solo and in chamber ensembles, in the Los Angeles area, including performances of "'L'Histoire du Soldat' and the Dvorak Quintet, along with premieres of new works for contrabass by Yu-Chin Quo and <mask>. The 90s were a fertile recording period for Filiano, who appeared on more than 50 albums with Golia, Grossman, Adams, Tony Lujan, Anthony Coleman, Hafez Modirzadeh, Bill Perkins, Joelle Leandre and many others.Filiano performed around North America, Europe, and Japan, including at the Bergamo Jazz Festival (Italy), the Du Maurier Atlantic Jazz Festival (Canada), the Tampere International Jazz Festival (Finland), the Texaco New York Jazz Festival, and at the Blue Note in Fukuoka, Japan. He also performed classical and tango music, including touring Germany with the Giora Feidman Ensemble, performing duo concerts for cello and contrabass, playing with the New York/Buenos Aires Connection at the Hollywood Bowl, and premiering a solo bass work, 'Yauchzen', by composer Kitty Brazelton. As the 21st century began, Filiano increased his busy recording and touring schedule, appearing on more than 70 albums. In addition to his continuing relationships from the 90s, he added performances and recordings with Dom Minasi, Fred Hess, Roswell Rudd, Paul Smoker, Rodrigo Amado, Andrea Wolper, Jason Kao Hwang, Marco Cappelli, and many others. He continued to perform at many of the premier clubs and festivals around the world, including at the Knitting Factory, the Bell Atlantic Jazz Festival (New York), Merkin Concert Hall (New York), the JVC Jazz Festival (New York), the Jazz ao Centro Festival (Portugal), the Cape Verde International Jazz Festival, the Vancouver International Jazz Festival, and others. He played with several tango ensembles. His classical work included performances with the Manhattan Chamber Orchestra, the Princeton Chamber Orchestra, and the Sirius String Quartet.Filiano has appeared on more than a dozen recordings since the start of the new decade, including on trumpeter Bill Dixon’s final recording, 'Envoi', and on albums with Anthony Braxton, Connie Crothers, Taylor Ho Bynum, Nate Wooley and Anders Nilsson, among others. Filiano has performed at festivals and clubs around the world, including in the United States, Canada, Slovenia, Italy, Germany, France, and Russia. Teaching Filiano has been teaching bass since 1980, both privately and at colleges and universities. He’s also taught at Mansfield University, Rutgers University, Hunter College and the University of Southern California. <mask>, Changeup (CIMP) Jim McCauley, The Ultimate Frog (Drip Audio) The Fred Hess Band, Single Moment (Alison) Jessica Jones Qt., Word Marco Cappelli, Italian Doc Remix (ITN) Richard Thompson, Swing Low, Sweet Chariot 2007 ESATrio: Bill Gagliardi, <mask>, Lou Grassi, kenbillou (CIMP) Fay Victor Quartet, Cartwheels Through the Cosmos M. Marucci & D. Webb Trio feat. Festival 1996 (KFW) Hafez Modirzadeh, The People's Blues (X DOT) Paul Smoker/Vinny Golia Quartet, Halloween '96 (CIMP) Steve Swell Quartet, Out and About (CIMP) Live Knitting Factory Recording, What is Jazz?

Chaudhry Mohammad Sarwar

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<mask> (Punjabi and ; born 18 August 1952) is a Pakistani and former British politician who currently serves as the 33rd Governor of Punjab, in office since 5 September 2018. He is affiliated with the Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI) party and was a member of the Senate of Pakistan from March 2018 until September 2018. From 1997 to 2010 <mask> was a Member of Parliament in the United Kingdom, representing a constituency in Glasgow, Scotland. Born in Pirmahal, Punjab, <mask> moved to Scotland in 1976 and built up a chain of cash and carry stores. <mask> served as the Scottish Labour Member of Parliament for Glasgow Central from 1997 to 2010 and retired from UK politics in 2010. During his tenure at Westminster, <mask> served on the Scottish Affairs Select Committee, and his youngest son <mask> served as MP for the same constituency from 2010 to 2015. He was the country's first Muslim Member of Parliament.He relinquished UK citizenship in July 2013 and became Governor of the Punjab, representing the Pakistan Muslim League (N). He resigned from the position on 29 January 2015 after disagreeing with government foreign policy. He joined the Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf party (PTI) on 10 February 2015. He was elected to the Senate of Pakistan in March 2018 and appointed Governor of Punjab on 8 August 2018. Early and family life <mask> <mask> was born to a Punjabi Arain family in Sain De Khuie, a village near Lyallpur (now Faisalabad), Pakistan. The Arain tribe is ancient and traces its roots back to Arabian tribes who arrived in the Indian subcontinent in the year 711AD-712AD with the invading army of ‘Muhammad bin Qasim’ hence Arain people are offspring of Arab soldiers. In 1976 Sarwar moved to Scotland.That year he married Perveen <mask>, with whom he has three sons and one daughter. In 1982 <mask> and his brother founded United Wholesale Grocers, a wholesale cash and carry business. In 2002 the brothers split the business, with <mask> renaming his part as United Wholesale (Scotland) while his brother retained the previous name. His eldest son was accused of an £850,000 missing trader fraud in United Wholesale (Scotland) while he was managing director in 2003. In 2011 the Court of Criminal Appeal overturned his earlier conviction in 2007 for the fraud. <mask> was a remunerated director of the company, but never accused of involvement in the alleged fraud. British political career <mask> first stood as a Labour councillor for Pollokshields East at the 1987 Glasgow City Council election, almost overturning a large Conservative majority.In the 1992 election he won the ward. <mask> was elected as MP for Glasgow Govan at the 1997 general election, becoming the first Muslim MP in the United Kingdom and the first Asian MP elected to represent a Scottish constituency. He was the first MP to swear the Oath of Allegiance on the Qur'an, using the method laid out by the Oaths Act 1978. <mask> was suspended from holding office within the Labour Party in 1997 when he was charged with electoral offences, but he was acquitted in 1999 and the suspension was lifted. He was re-elected in Glasgow Govan at the 2001 general election. The 2005 general election saw boundary changes in Scotland, so he stood at and won the new constituency of Glasgow Central. He faced an opponent from the far-right British National Party, with whom he refused to share a platform, and he persuaded other candidates to do the same.The returning officer announced the result from a platform with no candidates, and <mask> later made a speech from the floor of the hall. <mask> became a member of the Scottish Affairs Select Committee from 2004, and was Chairman since 2005. In August 2006, he was a signatory to an open letter to then-Prime Minister Tony Blair criticising UK foreign policy. <mask> played a crucial role in bringing to justice the killers of fifteen-year-old Glasgow schoolboy, Kriss Donald. The killers fled to Pakistan, which has no extradition treaty with the UK. Through his political connections, <mask> was able to agree a one-off, no conditions attached, extradition treaty. They then faced trial and were convicted for the murder.On 21 June 2007, <mask> announced he would not stand for re-election at the 2010 general election. His son, Anas <mask>, succeeded him as Labour MP for the Glasgow Central seat until the election of 2015 when it was taken by Alison Thewliss for the SNP. In November 2008, <mask> was one of 18 MPs who signed a Commons motion backing a Team GB football team at the 2012 Olympic Games, saying football "should not be any different from other competing sports and our young talent should be allowed to show their skills on the world stage". The football governing bodies of Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland are all opposed to a Great Britain team, fearing it would stop them competing as individual nations in future tournaments. His nomination by outgoing Prime Minister, Gordon Brown for a life peerage in the 2010 Dissolution Honours was blocked by the House of Lords Appointments Commission on the advice of HM Revenue and Customs. Pakistani political career He played an important role in campaigning and fundraising in Britain for the centre-right conservative party Pakistan Muslim League (N) during the 2013 General election in Pakistan. Soon after Pakistan Muslim League (N) chief Nawaz Sharif was sworn in as prime minister, he showed his intentions for becoming governor of Pakistan's most populous province Punjab.On 5 August 2013, he was sworn in as the 31st Governor of Punjab. As governor he criticised the government on a number of occasions. He fought the case of overseas Pakistanis whose houses and flats were confiscated by the land mafia in Pakistan but unable to redress their grievances successfully. On the occasion of Barack Obama's visit to India, he termed it as a failure of the government of Nawaz Sharif. These anti-government remarks led to his resignation. He resigned as governor of Punjab on 29 January 2015. On 8 February 2015, <mask> joined Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI).On 3 March 2018, <mask> was elected to the Senate of Pakistan on a general seat from Punjab after receiving 44 first priority and two second priority votes in the senate elections of that year. On 5 September 2018 <mask> took oath as 33rd Governor of Punjab. <mask> established the charity Sarwar Foundation in 2000. Its focus is on provision of healthcare, clean water, education and women empowerment within Pakistan. In May 2021, shortly before the 2021 Scottish Parliament election, Scottish Pakistani voters received WhatsApp messages urging them to vote for Scottish Labour, whose leader is <mask>'s son, Anas <mask>. The message read: "Warm greetings to you and your family. As all of you know that 6th of May is the ­Scottish Parliament election where Anas ­<mask> is leading the Scottish Labour Party.For progress and unity, I request you to vote for Scottish Labour on BOTH BALLOTS. And as always thank you for your support. <mask>, Ex-MP Glasgow Central." A Labour source told The National newspaper that <mask> had messaged people personally on WhatsApp and that this may have been forwarded on by other people, but it was not part of an official campaign. Personal life <mask> is a supporter of Glasgow football teams Celtic and Rangers. Notes References External links <mask>war TheyWorkForYou.com MP to quit over race case death threats The Guardian, 22 June 2007 1952 births Living people Scottish Labour MPs British politicians of Pakistani descent Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for Glasgow constituencies UK MPs 1997–2001 UK MPs 2001–2005 UK MPs 2005–2010 Pakistani emigrants to Scotland Naturalised citizens of the United Kingdom People from Faisalabad Governors of Punjab, Pakistan Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf politicians Pakistan Muslim League (N) politicians Scottish emigrants to Pakistan Scottish people of Punjabi descent Scottish politicians Pollokshields

J. S. Tissainayagam

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<mask> (known as J. S<mask>, Tamil: ஜெயப்பிரகாஷ் சிற்றம்பலம் திசைநாயகம்) is a Sri Lankan journalist. He was detained by the Terrorism Investigation Division of the Sri Lanka Police on 7 March 2008. He was held without charge for almost 6 months. He was indicted on politically motivated charges under the draconian Prevention of Terrorism Act for intending to incite communal hatred through writing, and furthering terrorist acts through the collection of money for his publication. On 31 August 2009 he was convicted of the charges by the Colombo High Court and sentenced to 20 years of rigorous imprisonment. After an international outcry where US President Barack Obama called him one of the "emblematic examples" of journalist being harassed around the world <mask> was pardoned by Sri Lankan President Mahinda Rajapaksa on 3 May 2010, World Press Freedom Day. Career J. S<mask> has been a journalist for over 20 years.He worked for The Sunday Leader and the Sunday Times as well as many other newspapers before founding the North Eastern Herald. He was also a columnist for the Sunday Times. 2008 arrest and trial <mask> was detained on 7 March 2008 by the Terrorism Investigation Division (TID) of the Sri Lanka Police. He was charged with intending to incite communal through writing, and furthering terrorists act through the collection of money for his magazine. Reporters Without Borders said that the magazine was actually funded by a German aid project. The magazine has since been closed down. During his trial, Tissanayagam claimed that he was harassed and threatened by the TID while under detention.He has also filed a Fundamental rights petition with the Supreme Court of Sri Lanka. The TID produced a confession signed by Tissanayagam as evidence against him. Tissanayagam claimed it was dictated to him, and he was pressured to write it. The only other pieces of evidence that the Government presented against <mask> was two paragraphs he had written; "1. In a July 2006 editorial, under the headline, "Providing security to Tamils now will define northeastern politics of the future," <mask> wrote: "It is fairly obvious that the government is not going to offer them any protection. In fact it is the state security forces that are the main perpetrator of the killings." 2.A part of a November 2006 article on the military offensive in Vaharai, in the east, which said, "Such offensives against the civilians are accompanied by attempts to starve the population by refusing them food as well as medicines and fuel, with the hope of driving out the people of Vaharai and depopulating it. As this story is being written, Vaharai is being subject to intense shelling and aerial bombardment." On 31 August 2009, the High Court in Sri Lanka sentenced Tissainayagam to a total of 20 years rigorous imprisonment, for arousing "communal feelings" by writing and publishing articles that criticised the government's treatment of Sri Lankan Tamil civilians affected by the war, and for raising money to fund the magazine in which the articles were published in furtherance of terrorism. Reaction In a statement to mark the World Press Freedom Day, US President Barack Obama said Tissainayagam and other journalists like him were "guilty of nothing more than a passion for truth and a tenacious belief that a free society depends on an informed citizenry." President Obama said : "In every corner of the globe, there are journalists in jail or being actively harassed … Emblematic examples of this distressing reality are figures like J.S<mask> in Sri Lanka, or <mask> and <mask>a in China." Amnesty International criticised the action taken upon J.S.Tissainayagam and expressed deep concerns for the journalist, naming him a prisoner of conscience. Bob Dietz, CPJ Asia Program Coordinator says "We condemn <mask>. Tissainayagam's long detention and harsh charges for publishing a magazine, which should not constitute an offence. This is the latest step by the Sri Lankan government to intimidate journalists who write about security issues." During his detention without charge, among the people who expressed concern and opposition to this, were Sri Lankan religious leaders such as Colombo's Anglican Bishop Reverend Duleep De Chickera and the Sinhala Buddhist monk Ven <mask> Thera. The Sri Lankan government defended his trial and conviction, with President Mahinda Rajapakse, saying the verdict was handed out by an independent judge and that the government can not interfere with the courts and that "attempts now being made to pooh-pooh the charges in the indictment filed against Tissanayagam, rather than seen as any part of a vibrant campaign for media freedom, can be seen as an attempt at interfering with the judiciary and judicial process of (Sri Lanka)". However international Governments and press freedom groups both in and out of Sri Lanka condemned the ruling.The Asian Human Rights Commission likened the trial to the "show trials" of the Stalinist era. Pardon On 3 May 2010 the Sri Lankan government announced that <mask> would be pardoned by President Rajapaksa to mark the 2010 World Press Freedom Day. Awards <mask> has been named the first winner of the Peter Mackler Award for Courageous and Ethical Journalism. "We are happy to reward J.S. Tissainayagam in 2009, a terrible year for Sri Lanka," said <mask> <mask>, secretary-general of the Paris-based press rights group Reporters Without Borders (RSF). "J.S<mask> is one of those and should never have been imprisoned," he said."Sri Lankans have the right to be informed about what is happening on their island.They have the right to read words written by men like J. S<mask>." <mask> also won the Committee to Protect Journalists' International Press Freedom Award in 2009, but could not go to receive it due to his imprisonment. In 2010, he was named Foreign Journalist of the Year at the British Press Awards. In 2011, he was honoured with an Oxfam Novib/PEN Award. See also Lasantha Wickrematunge Black July Sri Lankan Civil War References External links Amnesty International International Press Freedom Groups Call for Justice for Jailed Sri Lankan Journalist – RSF PEN American Center appeal Living people Sri Lankan prisoners and detainees Prisoners and detainees of Sri Lanka Sri Lankan Tamil journalists Amnesty International prisoners of conscience held by Sri Lanka Oxfam Novib/PEN Award winners Recipients of Sri Lankan presidential pardons Imprisoned journalists Year of birth missing (living people)

Gordon Coventry

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<mask> (25 September 1901 – 7 November 1968) is a former Australian rules footballer who played for Collingwood Football Club in the Victorian Football League (VFL). Accorded "Legend" status in the Australian Football Hall of Fame, <mask> was the first player to play 300 VFL games, the first to kick 100 goals in a VFL season, the only player ever to head the league's goal-kicking list in five consecutive seasons, and the first player to kick 1000 VFL goals, with his career total of 1299 VFL goals serving as a VFL/AFL competition record for over 60 seasons. "He is often considered by fans and journalists to be amongst the greatest forward-line players of all time." — AFL Legends.com. Education <mask> and his brothers and sisters attended the Nillumbik State School (No.1003), at Diamond Creek. While still at school, he began working on his father's fruit orchard. Footballer Although a very reliable right-foot kick, he was equally able to use his left foot accurately and effectively when needed — see, for example, his left-foot goal, under pressure, for Victoria, at the Sydney Cricket Ground, in the 7 August 1933 match against South Australia at the 1933 ANFC Carnival in Sydney in the recently recovered newsreel footage of the match.The "broad-backed and sticky-fingered" <mask> did not possess the phenomenal skills of his predecessor at Collingwood, Dick Lee, or the aerial prowess of his successor, Ron Todd, but relied on tremendous strength and a vice-like grip when marking the ball, a combination that made him almost unstoppable once he had front position. "Once [<mask> "Nuts"] <mask> gets in front it seems that no defender can get round him.His bulky body and his awkward gait seem to brook no interruption, and he never seems to drop a mark." Diamond Creek (HDFL) <mask> played his early football for Diamond Creek Football Club in the new Heidelberg District Football League (HDFL) (a competition which began after World War I), and had quickly established himself as a champion centre half-forward. In 1920, <mask> was invited to train at Collingwood. The three significant officials involved with that invitation, who were anticipating Collingwood's need to find a suitable replacement for the at-the-time injured Dick Lee, who was nearing the end of his career, were Ernest William Copeland (1868–1947), John James "Jack" Joyce (1860–1945), and John James "Jack" Peppard (1878–1940). Although Dick Lee had played in Collingwood's first eight matches in the 1920 season, he had only scored 17 goals; and, also, due to an injury sustained in the 26 June 1920 match against South Melbourne, he missed the next seven matches, returning in the season's last home-and-away match on 4 September 1920 — in the interim, Collingwood tried various permutations of forward lines to cover for the loss of Lee, centred on the selection of Ern Utting (five matches), Tom Wraith (one match), and Tom Drummond (one match), at full-forward over that time. Collingwood (VFL) Debut <mask> Coventry played his first senior game for Collingwood at the age of 18 against St Kilda on 14 August 1920.He played on the half-forward flank, kicked one goal, and although "not particularly impressive … [he] showed that he can kick well". As one of Collingwood's four inexperienced players given a run that day (the others were Les Lobb, Len Ludbrooke, and Roy Outram), <mask> played his second match, again on the half-forward flank, which was also Dick Lee's return match, in the last home-and-away round of the season, against South Melbourne, on 4 September 1920. Then, just 18, and in his third match, <mask> played at centre half-forward in the Collingwood team (with Dick Lee at full-forward) that beat Fitzroy 4.17 (41) to 3.5 (23), at a muddy, rain-sodden MCG, in the 1920 Semi-Final on 11 September 1920. And then, once more at centre half-forward (with Harry Curtis replacing the injured Lee at full-forward), in the Collingwood team that beat Carlton 12.11 (83) to 8.11 (59) in the 1920 Preliminary Final on 25 September 1920, his nineteenth birthday. Then he played at centre half-forward, in the team (with Curtis at full-forward) that lost to Richmond 7.10 (52) to 5.5 (35) in the 1920 Grand Final on 2 October 1920 (<mask> kicked 3 goals). Half-forward flanker In 1921, his second VFL season, he was selected in a representative VFL side to play against a combined Bendigo team on 6 August 1921, but did not play (due to influenza). He was unable to play in the last home-and-away rounds of the 1921 season due to his illness, although he was able to resume training.Unexpectedly, he was selected as a last minute replacement for Mal Seddon, who had declared himself unfit to play on the morning of the match, as a consequence of the injury to his thigh that he had sustained at the preceding Tuesday's training session in a collision with Percy Rowe. <mask> played at centre half-forward (kicking 3 goals) in the team that lost to Carlton 9.11 (65) to 7.10 (52) in the 1921 Semi-Final on 1 October 1921. He played the entire 1922 season playing on one half-forward flank, scoring 42 goals, with his brother, Syd, playing on the other. Full-Forward In 1923, with Dick Lee having retired at the end of the 1922 season, <mask> (by this stage a 34-game veteran) moved to full-forward, and was the club's leading goal-kicker that season, with 36 goals. He soon became one of the league's most prolific an consistent goal-kickers. He was Collingwood's best and fairest player in 1933. He was Collingwood's leading goal-kicker for 16 consecutive years, and the league's leading goal-kicker on six occasions (five of which were in consecutive years, 1927–1931).He kicked Collingwod's only two goals in the lowest-scores-ever VFL Grand Final in 1927, with Collingwood, in atrocious conditions, defeating Richmond 2.13 (25) to 1.7 (13). He was the first player to kick 100 goals in a VFL season (which he did in 1929, 1930, 1933, and 1934), kicked a total of 1299 goals in VFL football, and 100 goals in VFL representative teams. His tallies included: 9 goals in a Grand Final: against Richmond, in the Grand Final, on 29 September 1928. An unbeaten Grand Final record, only equalled on one occasion: by Gary Ablett Sr., against Hawthorn, in the Grand Final, on 30 September 1989. 10 goals in a match: against North Melbourne on 24 August 1929, and against Melbourne on 2 September 1933. 11 goals in a match: against Footscray on 19 June 1926, against Fitzroy on 28 May 1927, against St Kilda on 11 June 1927, against South Melbourne on 11 May 1929, and against St Kilda on 5 September 1931. 14 goals in a match: against Hawthorn on 18 August 1934.15 goals in a match: against Essendon on 8 July 1933. 16 goals in a match: against Hawthorn on 27 July 1929. This broke the previous league record of 14 goals, set by South Melbourne's Harold Robertson ten years earlier in the match against St Kilda on 26 July 1919. 17 goals in a match: against Fitzroy on 19 July 1930. A league record at the time, <mask>'s record score of 17 goals in a single match — 17.4 (106) — has only ever been broken once, by Melbourne's Fred Fanning, who kicked 18.1 (109) in his last-ever VFL match against St Kilda on 30 August 1947; and, also, has only ever been equalled once, by Hawthorn's Jason Dunstall, who kicked 17.5 (107) against Richmond on 2 May 1992. 97 goals in a season: 1927. 105 goals in a season: 1934.108 goals in a season: 1933. 118 goals in a season: 1930. 124 goals in a season: 1929. 1929 was the first time that any VFL player had scored 100 goals or more in a single season. Finals <mask> played in 31 finals matches in his 18-year career — including the drawn Semi-Final match against Melbourne on 15 September 1928 (the first drawn finals match in VFL history), and 10 Grand Finals, five of which were won by Collingwood (1927-1930, and 1935). In the 1928 VFL Grand Final he kicked a league record 9 goals, in a match in which Collingwood beat Richmond 13.18 (96) to 9.9 (63), perhaps due to Collingwood's drawn Semi-Final with Malbourne, and the consequent full replay the following week, which meant that Richmond had a two-week break, rather than the originally scheduled one week. VFL Tribunal <mask> missed Collingwood's 1936 VFL Grand Final victory due to disqualification.It was the only time he had been reported in his entire VFL career. He was found guilty of striking Richmond defender Joe Murdoch in the torrid match against Richmond on 1 August 1936. <mask> had a crop of painful boils on his neck; and, when Murdoch repeatedly struck his neck, Coventry retaliated. <mask> was suspended for eight matches, and Murdoch for four; and an appeal, by <mask>, against the severity of the penalty was unsuccessful. At the time, <mask> announced that he was retiring from VFL football. He later relented; and, having served the eighth and last match of his suspension in the first week of the 1937 season, he played in 19 matches, and kicked 72 goals in 1937, his final VFL season. Life member <mask> was made a Life Member of the Collingwood Football Club in 1932.Records <mask> retired after the 1937 season, the first player to play 300 VFL/AFL games, winning his sixth league leading goal-kicker award, and his 16th consecutive club leading goal-kicker award. <mask> also represented Victoria on 25 occasions for a total of 100 goals. He was the first player to kick 100 goals in a VFL season (which he did in 1929, 1930, 1933, and 1934), and he kicked a total of 1299 goals in VFL football: a record that stood for more than six decades until it was broken by Sydney Swans player Tony Lockett in the match against <mask>'s former club, Collingwood, on 6 June 1999. VAFA coach After leaving Collingwood, <mask> coached Collegians in the VAFA for a number of years. Death <mask> died on 7 November 1968 (of heart disease) at his property in Diamond Creek, survived by his wife and four children. Legacy In 2009, The Australian nominated <mask> as one of the 25 greatest footballers never to win a Brownlow Medal. In 1996, <mask> was an inaugural inductee of the Australian Football Hall of Fame and was elevated to "Legend" status (as the fourteenth "Legend") two years later.In 1998, he was named at full-forward in Collingwood's "Team of the Century". On 24 November 1999, he was inducted into the Sport Australia Hall of Fame. Family The eighth of the ten children of <mask> (1862–1948) and Jane Henrietta <mask> (1863–1940), née Spencer, <mask> <mask>—known as "Nuts" to his family (said, by some, due to his having a disproportionately large head as a child)—was born on 25 September 1901 at Diamond Creek, Victoria. Marriage He married Christabel Violet Lawrey (1902–1991) on 28 February 1925. They had four children: two sons, <mask> (b.1925) and Graham (b.1945), and two daughters, Betty Lois (b.1928), later Mrs. Alexander David Denney, and Margaret Shirley (1930–2006), later Mrs. Charles James Banks. Brothers Jack, Oak, and Thomas Three of his brothers served in the First AIF: John Thomas "Jack" <mask> (1893–1950), Hugh Norman "Oak" <mask> (1895–1916), who was (posthumously) mentioned in dispatches for "gallant devotion to duty as volunteer stretcher bearer, carrying the wounded" on 9 August 1916, and had been killed in action while serving with the First AIF in Pozieres, and <mask> (1897–1970), who was wounded in the arm and foot in action in France in 1916. Syd Another older brother, Sydney Andrew <mask> (1899–1976), also played for Collingwood at the same time as <mask>.While working as a miner at Queenstown, Tasmania, and playing football for the Miners' Football Team (as its captain), in Gormanston, Tasmania, in 1920, Syd was approached by St Kilda and invited to play for them in 1921. Syd moved to Victoria, and influenced by <mask>, began training with Collingwood (rather than St Kilda) in the 1921 pre-season; however, in May 1921, "an application by S.A<mask> for transfer from Miners' (Tasmania) to Collingwood was refused [by the Victorian Football League Permit Committee]". Having served 12 months out of football, Syd was cleared "from Tasmania to Collingwood" on 26 April 1922. He went on play in 227 VFL games for Collingwood (1922–1934) and 27 representative games for the VFL (1922–1934), captain Collingwood for 144 games (1927–1934), win the Brownlow Medal in 1927, and serve for three years as the non-playing coach of Footscray (1935–1937) before returning to Collingwood as an administrator, serving as its vice-president for 11 years (1939–1949), its president for 13 years (1950–1962), and its patron from 1963 until his death in 1976. Remembrance The <mask> Trophy is awarded to Collingwood's leading goalkicker each year. The southern end of the Docklands Stadium is named the "Coventry end". When the Southern Stand at the MCG was built, a gate/entrance was jointly named after <mask> and brother Syd.See also List of Australian rules football families 1927 Melbourne Carnival Collingwood Team of the Century Footnotes References General </ref> de Lacy, H.A., "Coventrys Tell of Premiership Battles", The Sporting Globe, (Saturday, 24 September 1938), p.5. de Lacy, H.A., "<mask> and . . . Brother Syd", The Sporting Globe, (Saturday, 5 July 1941), p.6. Rohan, J.M., "Greatest Goal-kicker of All Time", The Sporting Globe, (Saturday, 9 April 1938), p.8. Ross, J. (ed), 100 Years of Australian Football 1897–1996: The Complete Story of the AFL, All the Big Stories, All the Great Pictures, All the Champions, Every AFL Season Reported, Viking, (Ringwood), 1996.Trembath, Richard, "<mask>, <mask> (1901–1968)", in Cunneen, C. (ed. ), Australian Dictionary of Biography: Supplement 1580—1980, with a name index to the Australian Dictionary of Biography to 1980, Melbourne University Press, (Carlton), 2005. "<mask>: as told to J.M. Rohan" <mask>, Champion Goalkicker, tells when his Knees Knocked with Stage Fright!, The Sporting Globe, (Saturday, 16 April 1938), p.8. <mask> tells when he Scored Five Goals and Lost Five Teeth, The Sporting Globe, (Saturday, 23 April 1938), p.8. Backs That Bumped, The Sporting Globe, (Saturday, 30 April 1938), p.8.<mask> Names Jimmy Freake as the Greatest Forward, The Sporting Globe, (Saturday, 7 May 1938), p.8. <mask> Discloses Secret of Collingwood's Success, The Sporting Globe, (Saturday, 14 May 1938), p.8. <mask> Declares Gorringe was Best of Those Bust Rovers, The Sporting Globe, (Saturday, 21 May 1938), p.8. <mask> on Ruck Combinations, The Sporting Globe, (Saturday, 28 May 1938), p.8. <mask>'s Memoirs: Those Dear Old Boots of Mine, The Sporting Globe, (Saturday, 4 June 1938), p.5. <mask>'s Memoirs: A Game of Hard Bumps, The Sporting Globe, (Saturday, 11 June 1938), p.5. <mask> Discusses Great Centre Line Men, The Sporting Globe, (Saturday, 18 June 1938), p.5.<mask> Names Champion of His Time: Why Bunton is not Named in First Six Players, The Sporting Globe, (Saturday, 25 June 1938), p.5. <mask> tells how One Man Won a Premiership, The Sporting Globe, (Saturday, 2 July 1938), p.5. <mask> Discusses Star Half-Forwards, The Sporting Globe, (Saturday, 9 July 1938), p.5. <mask> tells of the Greatest Flare-Up Ever Seen, The Sporting Globe, (Saturday, 16 July 1938), p.5. (Wednesday is the clearer copy) <mask> tells of Happy Days at Collingwood, The Sporting Globe, (Saturday, 23 July 1938), p.5. External links <mask>, at Boyles Football Photos. <mask>, at Collingwood Forever."10 things you might not know about <mask>", at Collingwood Forever. Collingwood Football Club players Collingwood Football Club Premiership players 1901 births 1968 deaths Sportspeople from Melbourne Australian Football Hall of Fame inductees Australian rules footballers from Victoria (Australia) VFL Leading Goalkicker Medal winners Copeland Trophy winners Five-time VFL/AFL Premiership players Deaths from heart disease

Pat Pimm

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<mask> (born March 31, 1957) is a Canadian politician, who was elected as a BC Liberal Member of the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia in the 2009 provincial election, and represented the riding of Peace River North. He has lived in Fort St. John, British Columbia and has a business background working at an instrumentation company that specializes in the oil and gas sector. He spent 12 years on the Fort St. John city council before his election to the Legislative Assembly. In the 39th Parliament of BC <mask> served on several committees and first became involved with the Executive Council in October 2010 when former B.C. Premier Gordon Campbell appointed <mask> as the Parliamentary Secretary for the Natural Gas Initiative under the Ministry of Energy. When Christy Clark became Premier of British Columbia in March 2011, she retained <mask> at the same position. <mask> was re-elected to his Peace River North riding in the 2013 provincial election and was appointed Minister of Agriculture on June 10, 2013, by Premier Clark.He previously served as Parliamentary Secretary for the Northeast and has served as chair of the Northern Caucus and two Select Standing Committees: Aboriginal Affairs and Finance and Government Services. <mask> has also served as a member of Treasury Board. A lifelong resident of the Peace River region, he served 12 years as councillor for the City of Fort St. John from 1993 to 2005. With 25 years experience in the oil and gas industry, he was co-chair of the BC Oil and Gas Conference in 2002 and 2005, bringing together industry stakeholders to identify further strategies and opportunities for economic development in British Columbia's northeast region. He has also served on a variety of other local community boards and committees. Background <mask> was born and raised in Fort St. John. He married at the age of 21 and raised two daughters.In 2005 he remarried to another woman, Jody, who had two grown sons. He established a career at an instrumentation business, Alpha Controls Ltd., specializing in the oil and gas sector. He enjoys curling and golf and has been a volunteer coach for youth baseball and hockey. He spent 12 years on the Fort St. John city council, from 1993 to 2005. While on council he advocated for the regionalization of services and the creation of a regional municipality. During a 2001 municipal referendum concerning a Fort St. John boundary expansion around a proposed manufacturing plant (oriented strand board), <mask> threatened to resign his council seat if the referendum failed. While on council <mask> worked with the province and other municipalities in establishing the Fairshare grant program which redirected some oil and gas revenue to local governments in northeastern BC for use on infrastructure projects.He also supported the BC Lottery Corporation locating a gaming centre (bingo, off-track betting, slots and other electronic games) in Fort St. John. Provincial politics The appointment of MLA Richard Neufeld to the federal Senate of Canada in December 2008 by Prime Minister Stephen Harper created an opening in the BC provincial Peace River North riding. Such an opening was rare as Neufeld had represented the riding since 1991 and by Tony Brummet for the 12 years prior to Neufeld. There were five candidates in the race for the BC Liberal Party nomination: Chetwynd mayor Evan Saugstad, Fort St. John councillors Lori Ackerman and Dan Davies, School District trustee Linda Sewell, and <mask>. With 1,200 BC Liberal members eligible to vote, <mask> won in the third round of preferential voting in March. He was soon thrust into the provincial election where he faced Fort Nelson town councilor and NDP candidate Jackie Allen, former chief of the Fort Nelson First Nation and Green Party candidate Liz Logan, and others. <mask> oriented his campaign around economic issues stating "The economy is the number one issue and everything else falls around the economy.You have to have a strong economy to have good health care, good education...." <mask> won the Peace River North riding with 43% of the vote and his party formed a majority government. As the 39th Parliament of British Columbia began, <mask> was not selected for the Executive Council by Premier Gordon Campbell. In the first two sessions <mask> was assigned to three parliamentary committees: the Select Standing Committee on Crown Corporations (which did not meet), the Select Standing Committee on Parliamentary Reform, Ethical Conduct, Standing Orders and Private Bills (which met once), and the Select Standing Committee on Legislative Initiatives (which only met in September 2010 to deal with a petition against Harmonized Sales Tax). Once the Harmonized Sales Tax was introduced, <mask> became very supportive of it, arguing that it would make BC business more competitive with Alberta, and stating, "I personally think it's probably the strongest single thing for the economy of our area and the province in general." <mask> lobbied on behalf of the Peace River North to secure infrastructure grants for road construction and paving, recreation centre upgrades, and Fort St. John sewerage expansion. <mask> made headlines across the province in November 2009 when he criticized the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms during a speech in the Legislature. He questioned "who needs that Charter of Rights?"and stated "I just don’t think it’s a good document whatsoever myself." He called for a "Bill of Responsibilities" to be established. In 2010, as the petition to repeal the HST was very successful in his riding, <mask> became one of 24 MLAs targeted for recall by Bill Vander Zalm's FightHST group. However, several months later, his name was removed from the list as the group prioritized candidates for recall campaigns. In October, during Campbell's final cabinet shuffle before resigning, the post of Parliamentary Secretary for the Natural Gas Initiative was created for <mask> under the Ministry of Energy. In January 2011, with community opposition to a transfer move Oil and Gas Commission engineering jobs, from Fort St. John to Kelowna, <mask> intervened by arranging a public meeting with the Minister of Natural Resource Operations Steve Thomson, the CEO of the commission, as well as industry and public representatives, which resulted in several positions staying in Fort St. John. During the BC Liberal Party leadership electionto replace Campbell, <mask> endorsed Kevin Falcon in mid-December citing Falcon's performance as Minister of Transportation where he directed significant funding to improving oil and gas resource roads and the Alaska Highway.In March 2011, after Christy Clark won the leadership election and was named Premier, she kept <mask> as Parliamentary Secretary for Natural Gas to the Minister of Energy and Mines. On June 27, 2011, he resigned from his Parliamentary Secretary position and from the BC Liberal caucus following a domestic dispute involving his wife which resulted in the RCMP detaining him overnight. A special prosecutor was assigned to his case given his status as an elected official. On July 13, the special prosecutor announced they would not be pressing charges and the BC Liberal caucus allowed <mask> to re-join. <mask> returned to his role as Parliamentary Secretary for Natural Gas and spent the summer consulting with stakeholders for what would become BC's Natural Gas Strategy and BC's Liquefied Natural Gas Strategy. In September 2012, he was made deputy whip, replacing Eric Foster who became whip. In April 2013 at an all-candidates forum in Fort Nelson <mask> suggested that "grief" in the classroom caused by special needs children has caused public school enrolment to decline.He was quoted as saying "It's causing the teachers extra time and trouble and it's certainly, I think, is causing some students to move into other areas in the private sector as well," In November 2015, <mask> stated he would not run for reelection in the coming provincial election in 2017. On August 15, 2016, <mask> left his caucus and became an independent following his arrest. A special prosecutor has been appointed to the case to avoid a conflict of interest. An assault charge against B.C. MLA <mask> has been stayed following his appearance Monday in a Dawson Creek courtroom. <mask> agreed to be bound by a peace bond for eight months, said Daniel McLaughlin, communications counsel for the Criminal Justice Branch. Electoral history |- |Independent |Arthur Hadland |align="right"|2,899 |align="right"|31.33 |align="right"|n/a |align="right"|$17,962 |New Democrat |Jackie Allen |align="right"|1,293 |align="right"|13.98 |align="right"|n/a |align="right"|$17,855 |- style="background:white;" !style="text-align:right;" colspan="3"|Total Valid Votes !align="right"|9,252 !align="right"|100.00 |- style="background:white;" ! style="text-align:right;" colspan="3"|Total Rejected Ballots !align="right"|52 !align="right"|0.6% |- style="background:white;" ! style="text-align:right;" colspan="3"|Turnout !align="right"|9,304 !align="right"|40% |} References External links British Columbia Liberal Party - <mask> (Peace River North) Legislative Assembly of British Columbia - <mask> British Columbia Liberal Party MLAs Living people British Columbia municipal councillors Members of the Executive Council of British Columbia People from Fort St. John, British Columbia 1957 births 21st-century Canadian politicians

Allen Carr

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<mask> (2 September 1934 – 29 November 2006) was a British author of books about stopping smoking and other psychological dependencies including alcohol addiction. Biography Born in Putney, London, <mask> started smoking cigarettes while doing National Service aged 18. He qualified as an accountant in 1958. <mask> finally stopped smoking on 15 July 1983, aged 48, after a visit to a hypnotherapist. However, it wasn't the hypnotherapy itself that enabled him to stop – "I succeeded in spite of and not because of that visit" and "I lit up the moment I left the clinic and made my way home...". There were two key pieces of information that enabled <mask> to stop later that day. First, the hypnotherapist told him smoking was "just nicotine addiction", which <mask> had never perceived before that moment, i.e.that he was an addict. Second, his son John lent him a medical handbook which explained that the physical withdrawal from nicotine is just like an "empty, insecure feeling". He claims that these two realisations crystallised in his mind just how easy it was to stop and so then enabled him to follow an overwhelming desire to explain his method to as many smokers as possible. Philosophy <mask> teaches that smokers do not receive a boost from smoking a cigarette, and that smoking only relieves the withdrawal symptoms from the previous cigarette, which in turn creates more withdrawal symptoms once it is finished. In this way the drug addiction perpetuates itself. He asserted that the "relief" smokers feel on lighting a cigarette, the feeling of being "back to normal", is the feeling experienced by non-smokers all the time. So that smokers, when they light a cigarette are really trying to achieve a state that non-smokers enjoy their whole lives.He further asserted that withdrawal symptoms are actually created by doubt and fear in the mind of the ex-smoker, and therefore that stopping smoking is not as traumatic as is commonly assumed, if that doubt and fear can be removed. At Allen Carr Clinics during stop-smoking sessions, smokers are allowed to continue smoking while their doubts and fears are removed, with the aim of encouraging and developing the mindset of a non-smoker before the final cigarette is extinguished. A further reason for allowing smokers to smoke while undergoing counselling is <mask>'s belief that it is more difficult to convince a smoker to stop until they understand the mechanism of "the nicotine trap". This is because their attention is diminished while they continue to believe it is traumatic and extremely difficult to quit and continue to maintain the belief that they are dependent on nicotine. Another assertion unique to <mask>'s method is that willpower is not required to stop smoking. His contention was that fear of "giving up" is what causes the majority of smokers to continue smoking, thereby necessitating the smoker's perpetuation of the illusion of genuine enjoyment as a moral justification of the inherent absurdity of smoking in the face of overwhelming medical and scientific evidence of its dangers. Instead, he encourages smokers to think of the act of quitting, not as giving up, but as "escaping".Easyway <mask> left his accountancy job in 1983 and set up his first Easyway clinic. (He actually stopped smoking and modelled his program from a program called the Living Free Program for Smokers which was given by InControl International Inc. in hospitals across the U.S.) He wrote ten books which appeared as bestsellers on selected book ranking charts including his first book The Easy Way to Stop Smoking (1985). The success of the original London clinic, through word-of-mouth and direct recommendation, has led to a worldwide network of 100 Easyway clinics in 35 countries plus the production of audio CDs and DVDs. <mask>'s Easyway is clinically proven through two randomised controlled trials. In 2020 a UK randomised clinical trial found <mask>'s Easyway as good as, if not better than, the Gold Standard NHS Programme which uses NRT & 1-1 psychological support and in 2018 an Irish trial found that <mask>’s Easyway was almost twice as effective as other smoking cessation methods available on Health Service. Based on their full money-back guarantee (which requires two follow-up sessions without reimbursement of travel), Carr's clinics claim 90% success rate in aiding smokers to stop for three months, and 51% success rate in helping smokers stop for 12 months based on an independent study not connected with any health organisation. Celebrity endorsements include Richard Branson, Anthony Hopkins, Ashton Kutcher, Ellen DeGeneres, Nikki Glaser, Chrissie Hynde, Michael McIntyre, Pink, Jason Mraz, Charlotte Church and Hrithik Roshan which aids the organisation's efforts to expand commercially.<mask>'s Clinics are run by therapists/facilitators who were once smokers and have used <mask>'s method to stop smoking. All therapists/facilitators are members of an association created by <mask>'s Easyway organisation, Members of the Association of Allen Carr Therapists International (MAACTI), and membership indicates that the therapist/facilitator has completed the rigorous recruitment, and the comprehensive training & development process required before anyone can practise as an <mask>'s Easyway therapist/facilitator. They can only do so under license with <mask>'s Easyway (International) Ltd or Allen Carr's Easyway (US) Ltd. . <mask> also wrote a number of other how-to books on subjects such as losing weight , stopping alcohol consumption, & fear of flying, and along with his close friends, protégés, & co-authors Robin Hayley (Chairman, Allen <mask>'s Easyway) & John C. Dicey (Global CEO & Senior <mask>'s Easyway Therapist) wrote books dealing with gambling, debt/junk-spending, sugar addiction, emotional eating, mindfulness, tech/smart phone addiction, caffeine addiction, vaping/JUUL with Online Video Programmes handling smoking, vaping/JUUL, alcohol, cocaine, cannabis, sugar & carb addiction, emotional eating, gambling, caffeine addiction, debt/junk-spending, fear of flying, & mindfulness. In 2020 it was estimated that <mask>'s Easyway method had helped more than 50 million people worldwide. In 2021, <mask>'s Easyway assisted the World Health Organisation's year-long global campaign for World No Tobacco Day 2021. Personal life In late July 2006, it was revealed that he had been diagnosed with lung cancer at the age of 71. The following month he revealed that it was terminal and his life expectancy was about nine months.<mask> said: "Since I smoked my final cigarette, 23 years ago, I have been the happiest man in the world. I still feel the same way today.” <mask> wrote to Tony Blair, urging the UK Government and NHS to accept his method, saying that the "powerful influence" of lobbyists working for nicotine replacement firms had turned them against him. <mask> died on 29 November 2006 at the age of 72, as a result of his lung cancer. He died at his home in Benalmádena, west of Málaga, Spain. <mask> worked closely with and passed responsibility for continuing his work, developing the method to cover as many addictions and issues as possible, to his close friends and long-time collaborators Robin Hayley & John C. Dicey (Chairman & Global CEO of Allen Carr's Easyway respectively). On the insistence of international publishers John C. Dicey reluctantly allows himself to be described as co-author of <mask> books but makes it very clear, "I take great pleasure in deflecting any praise for the books (quite rightly so) to <mask>. I was extremely lucky to have worked so closely with him since 1998 and was honoured that he asked me to carry on his work".

Curt Wittig

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<mask> <mask> is a Professor of Chemistry and the holder of the Paul A. Miller Chair in the College of Letters, Arts, and Sciences at the University of Southern California (USC). Born and raised in Chicago, Illinois, <mask> received his B.S. and Ph.D in Electrical Engineering from the University of Illinois in 1970. Post-doctoral work (EE at USC, Chemistry at Cambridge (UK) and UC Berkeley) was followed by a faculty appointment in 1973 at USC in the EE Department. After becoming a professor in 1979, his interests changed, and he moved to the Chemistry and Physics Departments in 1981, settling eventually in the Chemistry Department, where he has specialized in physical chemistry (chemical physics) ever since. <mask> and his wife, Michele, live in Santa Monica, California. Research focus His earliest contributions were technological: invention of the continuous carbon monoxide chemical laser in 1969, and development and demonstration of the so-called infrared process of laser isotope separation in the late 1970s.Interests then evolved to more fundamental studies. In the 1980s and 1990s his main contributions were in the areas of unimolecular reactions of polyatomic molecules, and photoinitiated reactions in weakly bound complexes. The latter was acknowledged in 1993 with the Herbert P. Broida Prize in Atomic, Molecular, and Chemical Physics (given by the American Physical Society); together they were acknowledged through the Bourke Lectures and Medal in 2000 (given by the Royal Society of Chemistry, UK). Recent research (including ongoing) addresses issues in amorphous solid water, photophysics in doped superfluid helium nanodroplets, complex photochemistry and photophysics of polyatomic molecules, and theories of particle statistics and geometric phases. Publications Book chapters Gas trapping in ice and its release upon warming; A. Bar-Nun, D. Laufer, O. Rebolledo-Mayoral, S. Malyk, H. Reisler, C<mask>; Solar System Ices, M. Gudipati, editor (World Scientific, Singapore, 2010). Fundamental Aspects of Molecular Photochemistry; C. Wittig; Encyclopedia of Physical Science and Technology, Third Edition, (Academic Press, 2001). Dynamics of ground state bimolecular reactions; C<mask> and A.H. Zewail; Atomic and Molecular Clusters, E. Bernstein, editor (Oxford Press, 1996).Regioselective photochemistry in weakly bonded complexes; S.K. Shin, Y. Chen, E. Böhmer and C<mask>; The Dye Laser: 20 Years (Springer-Verlag, 1992) 57-76. State resolved simple bond fission reactions: experiment and theory; H. Reisler and C. <mask>; Advances in Kinetics and Dynamics, Vol. 1, J.R. Barker, editor (JAI Press, Greenwich, 1992) 139-185. Photoinitiated reactions in weakly bonded complexes: entrance channel specificity; Y. Chen, G. Hoffmann, S.K. Shin, D. Oh, S. Sharpe, Y.P. Zeng, R.A. Beaudet and C<mask>; Advances in Molecular Vibrations and Collision Dynamics, Vol.1, Part B, J.M. Bowman, editor (JAI Press, Greenwich, 1992) 187-229. NO(X2Π) product state distributions in molecule-surface dissociative scattering: n,i-C3F7NO from MgO(100); E. Kolodney, P.S. Powers, L. Hodgson, H. Reisler and C<mask>; Mode Selective Chemistry, J. Jortner et al., editors (Kluwer Academic Publishers, Netherlands, 1991) 443-455. Photoinitiated reactions in weakly bonded complexes; S.K. Shin, Y. Chen, S. Nickolaisen, S.W. Sharpe, R.A. Beaudet and C<mask>; Advances in Photochemistry, Vol.16, D. Volman, G. Hammond and D. Neckers, editors (Wiley, 1991) 249-363. Photodissociation processes in NO-containing molecules; H. Reisler, M. Noble and C. <mask>; Molecular Photodissociation Dynamics, J. Baggott and M.N.R. Ashfold, editors (Royal Society of Chemistry, 1987) 139-176. Multiphoton ionization of molecules; H. Reisler and C. <mask>; Advances in Chemical Physics LX, K.P. Lawley, editor (1985) 1-30. Selected articles C<mask>, The Landau-Zener formula, J. Phys. Chem.B 109, 8428 (2005).' J. Underwood, D. Chastaing, S. Lee, and C<mask>, Heavy hydrides: H2Te ultraviolet photochemistry, J. Chem. Phys. 123, 84312 (2005).' E. Polyakova, D. Stolyarov, and C<mask>, Multiple photon excitation and ionization of NO in and on helium droplets, J. Chem. Phys. 124, 214308 (2006).'G. Kumi, S. Malyk, S. Hawkins, H. Reisler, and C<mask>, Amorphous solid water films: Transport and host–guest interactions with CO2 and N2O dopants, J. Phys. Chem. A 110, 2097–2105 (2006).' C. <mask> and I. Bezel, Effective Hamiltonian models and unimolecular decomposition, J. Phys. Chem. B 100, 19850–19860 (2006).' S. Malyk, G. Kumi, H. Reisler, and C. <mask>, Trapping and Release of CO2 guest molecules in amorphous ice, J. Phys.Chem. A 111, 13365–13370 (2008).' C<mask>, Statistics of indistinguishable particles, J. Phys. Chem. A 113, 7244–7252, Benny Gerber Festschrift (2009).' L. A. Smith-Freeman, W. H. Schroeder, and C<mask>, AsH2 ultraviolet photochemistry, J. Phys. Chem.A 113, 2158–2164 (2009).' A. Bar-Nun, D. Laufer, O. Rebolledo-Mayoral, S. Malyk, H. Reisler, C<mask>, Gas trapping in ice and its release upon warming, Solar System Ices, M. Gudipati, Editor (World Scientific, Singapore, 2010). C<mask>, Photon and electron spins, J. Phys. Chem. A 113, 15320–15327, Vincenzo Aquilanti Festschrift (2010). Awards and honors Fellow, American Association for the Advancement of Science (2005); Eminent Scholar Lecturer, University of Arizona (2005); Raubenheimer Outstanding Faculty Award: Teaching, Research and Service (2003); Bourke Lecturer (plus Bourke medal), Royal Society of Chemistry: University of Birmingham, University of Edinburgh, and University of Leeds (2000) American Physical Society's Herbert P. Broida Prize Recipient (1993) References External links Dr. Wittig's Official Website Dr. Wittig's Faculty page at USC Department of Chemistry Dr. Wittig's Faculty page at USC Living people University of Southern California faculty University of Illinois alumni American physical chemists Year of birth missing (living people)

Mike Conaway

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<mask> (born June 11, 1948) is an American politician who was the U.S. representative for from 2005 to 2021. He is a member of the Republican Party. The district <mask> represented is located in West Texas and includes Midland, Odessa, San Angelo, Brownwood, and Granbury. <mask> led the investigation into Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections (with assistance from Trey Gowdy and Tom Rooney) after the Intelligence Committee chair, Devin Nunes, recused himself. Aside from serving as the chair of the House Ethics Committee, he served as the chair of the House Agriculture Committee, and later its ranking member. <mask> indicated in July 2019 that he would not be seeking reelection. <mask> was succeeded by fellow Republican August Pfluger.<mask> was born in Borger in the Texas Panhandle northeast of Amarillo, the son of Helen Jean (McCormick) and Louis Denton <mask>. He graduated in 1966 from Permian High School in Odessa in Ector County, where he was a standout player for the Permian Panthers and a member of the first Permian State Championship team in 1965. After High School, he attended Ranger College on a football scholarship before attending Texas A&M University-Commerce (then named East Texas State University), lettering in Football for the Lions from 1966 to 1969 and was a member of two Lone Star Conference championship teams. He majored in Accounting, graduating in 1970. Career Military <mask> served in the United States Army from 1970 to 1972. Private sector <mask> was an accountant and became a Certified Public Accountant in 1974, chief financial officer at a bank, and from 1981 to 1986 was the chief financial officer of Arbusto Energy Inc, an oil and gas exploration firm operated by George W. Bush. Texas government Soon after Bush was elected governor of Texas, he appointed <mask> to the Texas State Board of Public Accountancy, which regulates accountancy in Texas.He served on the board as a volunteer for seven years, the last five as chairman. U.S. House of Representatives Committee assignments (116th Congress) Committee on Agriculture (Ranking Member) Committee on Armed Services Subcommittee on Intelligence, Emerging Threats and Capabilities Subcommittee on Seapower and Projection Forces Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence Caucus memberships CPA Caucus (Founder) International Conservation Caucus Reliable Energy Caucus Sportsmen's Caucus Congressional Constitution Caucus Congressional Western Caucus United States Congressional International Conservation Caucus Tenure <mask> endorsed former Massachusetts Governor Mitt Romney for president in 2008. On May 13, 2016, <mask> endorsed the Republican presumptive nominee Donald Trump for president in the 2016 U.S. presidential election. In 2006, <mask> voted against extending the Voting Rights Act of 1965. <mask> served on committees of the National Republican Congressional Committee (NRCC), the campaign arm of the House Republican caucus. In January 2007, <mask> began chairing the three-member audit committee for the NRCC. By January 28, 2008, <mask> had uncovered a fraud, where hundreds of thousands of dollars were missing from NRCC bank accounts, and supposed annual audits on the NRCC books had actually not been performed since 2001.<mask> introduced legislation to extend and reform the federal tax credit to support wide scale commercial deployment of carbon capture and storage. Speaker Paul Ryan announced <mask>'s new role as leader of the House Intelligence Committee in April 2017 after chairman Devin Nunes temporarily recused himself from investigations into Russian interference in the U.S. 2016 election. In February 2018, <mask> prevented efforts by the Democrats on the House Intelligence Committee to investigate financial links between Trump, his businesses, his family and Russian actors. <mask> prevented subpoenas for related bank records, Trump's tax returns and witnesses. Democrats on the committee had, for example, asked for subpoenas to Deutsche Bank, which the Trump Organization and Jared Kushner (Trump's son-in-law and senior White House advisor) have borrowed extensively from. In March 2018, <mask> laid out the findings of a report by the Republican members of the House Intelligence Committee. One of the findings was that the committee had found no evidence of collusion between Russia and the Trump campaign in the 2016 election; Democrats on the committee said that they had come to no such conclusion.A few days later, <mask> walked back that finding, saying "Our committee was not charged with answering the collusion idea". Asked why the committee drew a conclusion if it had not investigated the matter, <mask> denied that the committee had drawn a conclusion, "What we said is we found no evidence of it. That’s a different statement. We found no evidence of collusion." In December 2020, <mask> was one of 126 Republican members of the House of Representatives who signed an amicus brief in support of Texas v. Pennsylvania, a lawsuit filed at the United States Supreme Court contesting the results of the 2020 presidential election, in which Joe Biden prevailed over incumbent Donald Trump. The Supreme Court declined to hear the case on the basis that Texas lacked standing under Article III of the Constitution to challenge the results of the election held by another state. Political campaigns <mask> first ran for elective office in 2003, when he ran in a special election for the 19th Congressional District, which came open after 18-year Republican incumbent Larry Combest stepped down shortly after winning a 10th term.<mask> lost by 587 votes to fellow Republican Randy Neugebauer. A few months later, the Texas Legislature redrew the state's districts in an effort engineered by then-House Majority Leader Tom DeLay. Three brand-new districts were created, one of them being the 11th, which was based in Midland. Previously, Midland had been part of the Lubbock-based 19th District. DeLay was particularly keen to draw a district based in Midland, Odessa and the oil-rich Permian Basin in part because Texas House Speaker Tom Craddick was from that area. This district is heavily Republican – by some accounts, it was the most Republican district in Texas at the time. Republicans had dominated every level of government since the 1980s, and usually garner 70 percent or more of the vote in this area (Glasscock County had voted 93 percent for Bush in 2000, the highest percentage of any county in the nation).The race was essentially over when <mask> announced his candidacy. He won in November with 77 percent of the vote, one of the largest percentages by anyone facing major-party opposition. <mask> was reelected six times with no substantive opposition. The district is so heavily Republican that the Democrats only fielded a challenger against him three times in 2010, 2012 and 2018. Each time, he won at least 75 percent of the vote. He was reelected unopposed in 2006 and faced only minor party opposition in 2008, 2014, and 2016, all three of which times he won with roughly 90% of the vote. <mask> won re-nomination to a sixth term in the U.S. House in the Republican primary held on March 4, 2014.He polled 53,107 votes (74 percent); his challenger, Wade Brown, received 18,979 votes (26 percent). <mask> won re-election in the general election held on November 4, 2014. He polled 107,752 votes (90 percent); his challenger, Libertarian Ryan T. Lange, received 11,607 (10 percent). <mask> announced in July 2019 that he would not be running for reelection. Committee assignments 116th Congress Committee on Agriculture (Ranking Member) Committee on Armed Services Committee on Intelligence Personal life <mask> served on the Midland Independent School District Board from 1985 to 1988. <mask> is married to Suzanne Kidwell <mask> and their family includes two sons, two daughters, and seven grandchildren. See also Timeline of investigations into Trump and Russia (2019) References External links Profile at the Texas Tribune <mask>: Lessons Learned in High School - Odessa Permian five-part series |- |- |- 1948 births 21st-century American politicians Baptists from Texas Living people Members of the United States House of Representatives from Texas Military personnel from Texas People from Borger, Texas People from Midland, Texas People from Odessa, Texas Republican Party members of the United States House of Representatives from Texas School board members in Texas Texas A&M University–Commerce alumni Texas Republicans

Salahuddin of Selangor

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<mask>-Haj ibni Almarhum Sultan Hisamuddin Alam Shah Al-Haj (Jawi: ; 8 March 1926 – 21 November 2001) was the 11th Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia and eighth Sultan of Selangor. Early life Born on at 3:30 pm. Tengku Abdul Aziz Shah on Monday 8 March 1926 at Istana Bandar Temasha, Jugra, Kuala Langat, he is the eldest son of Sultan Hisamuddin Alam Shah Al-Haj ibni Almarhum Sultan Alauddin Sulaiman Shah by his royal consort and wife, Tengku Ampuan Raja Jemaah binti Al-Marhum Raja Ahmad. He received his early education at the Pengkalan Batu Malay School in Klang in 1934. In 1936, he furthered his studies at the Malay College Kuala Kangsar until 1941 when World War II began. After World War II, he went to England in 1947 and studied at the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London for two years. Upon his return from the United Kingdom, he served with the Civil Service Department as a Trainee Officer with the Selangor Survey Department.He later served as an Inspector of Schools for eight years. In 1952, he attended a short-term course at the Malay Military Troop in Port Dickson for six months and was commissioned with the Queen Commission in the rank of captain. Thereafter, he was promoted to the rank of major. Sultan of Selangor <mask> Abdul Aziz Shah was appointed as the Tengku Laksamana of Selangor on 1 August 1946 and as the Raja Muda (Crown Prince) of Selangor on 13 May 1950. On the demise of his father, Sultan Hisamuddin Alam Shah Al-Haj ibni Almarhum Sultan Alaeddin Sulaiman Shah, Tengku Abdul Aziz Shah became the eighth Sultan of Selangor with the title <mask> Abdul Aziz Shah on 3 September 1960 and was installed as the 28th Sultan on 28 June 1961. On 26 April 1984, <mask> Abdul Aziz Shah was appointed as Captain-in-Chief of the Royal Navy by the Malaysian Armed Forces in place of the position of Colonel-in-Chief of the Malaysian Royal Air Force which he held since 1966. <mask> was the Sultan who signed the cession of Kuala Lumpur from Selangor to the Federal Government to form a Federal Territory on 1 February 1974.The Sultan cried after the signing as he was very fond and proud of the city, but he did it for the greater good of Malaysia. The Kota Darul Ehsan arch was erected along the Federal Highway at the border of Kuala Lumpur and Selangor to commemorate the event in 1981. <mask> was a founder of Shah Alam, the new Selangor state capital in 1978. He said that for Selangor to become a modern state, it would need a new state capital as Kuala Lumpur had become a Federal Territory. At that time Klang was the state capital after the cession of Kuala Lumpur when the Sultan founded Shah Alam. Many buildings and roads in Shah Alam are named after him. Salahuddin held the rank of Marshal of the Royal Malaysian Air Force, Field Marshal of the Malaysian Army and Admiral of the Fleet of the Royal Malaysian Navy as per constitutional provisions making him as the second royal military officer to become supreme commander-in-chief of the armed forces.Yang di-Pertuan Agong He was the second oldest ruler to be elected as the eleventh Yang di-Pertuan Agong on 26 April 1999 and installed on 11 September 1999. The cession of Putrajaya, which was formerly Selangor territory, to the Federal Government in 2001 to become a Federal Territory occurred during his reign as Yang di-Pertuan Agong. The Persiaran <mask> Abdul Aziz Shah in Putrajaya was named after him. However, after reigning for two years and 6 months, he died in office on 21 November 2001 at the Gleneagles Intan Medical Centre in Kuala Lumpur. He underwent a heart operation to put a pacemaker two months prior to his death, which he did not fully recover from. He was buried in the Royal Mausoleum near Sultan Sulaiman Mosque in Klang. Personal life <mask> Abdul Aziz Shah married at least four wives.His first wife and cousin, HRH Paduka Bonda Raja Raja Nur Saidatul Ihsan binti Al Marhum Raja Bendahara Tengku Badar Shah, whom he later divorced, bore: Tengku Nor Halija Tengku Idris Shah, later Sultan Sharafuddin Idris Shah Tengku Puteri <mask> (died 8 June 2017) Tengku Laksamana Tengku Sulaiman Shah Tengku Puteri Zahariah (Ku Yah) Tengku Fatimah Tengku Panglima Besar Tengku Abdul Samad Tengku Puteri Arafiah Tengku Puteri Aishah (died 30 July 2012) Che Maheram binti Muhammad Rais, his second wife, bore him: Tengku Panglima Raja Tengku Ahmad Shah His royal consort, Tengku Ampuan Rahimah binti Sultan Abdul Aziz Shah of the Langkat royal family in Sumatra died in 1993 before his election as Yang di-Pertuan Agong. She was the mother of: Tengku Puteri Nor Marina Tengku Puteri Nor Zehan His last wife, commoner Tuanku Siti Aishah binti Abdul Rahman, served as his Raja Permaisuri Agong. Being fifty years younger than him, she was also the youngest ever occupant of that office – only 29 at her succession to the throne. Hobbies and interests Sultan <mask> Abdul Aziz Shah was a keen sportsman. His interest in golf is well-known within and outside the country. The Sultan also loved sailing, collecting antique cars, rearing animals and planting orchids. He also likes visiting foreign countries to widen his knowledge and experience.Bhd., 1998 Martin, Frederick, Keltie, John Scott, Renwick, Isaac Parker Anderson, Epstein, Mortimer, Paxton, John, Steinberg, Sigfrid Henry, The Statesman's Year-book: Statistical and Historical Annual of the States of the World for the Year ; 1978–1979, St. Martin's Press, 1978 External links Photo Album: Dalam Kenangan, Utusan Malaysia Photo Album: Agong sihat di Singapura, 15 October 2001, Utusan Malaysia Monarchs of Malaysia Sultans of Selangor Salahuddin of Selangor 2001 deaths Royal House of Selangor People from Selangor Malaysian people of Bugis descent Marshals of the Royal Malaysian Air Force Malaysian Muslims Malaysian people of Malay descent Alumni of SOAS University of London Recipients of the Darjah Kerabat Diraja Malaysia Federated Malay States people People of British Malaya 20th-century Malaysian politicians 21st-century Malaysian politicians Recipients of the Order of the Crown of the Realm First Classes of the Family Order of the Crown of Indra of Pahang