source string | id string | question string | options list | answer string | reasoning string |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-1801 | inorganic-chemistry, alloy
Title: If alloys are homogeneous mixtures, why can't we separate their components? An alloy is a material composed of two or more metals or a metal and a nonmetal. And, they are usually formed by heating the elements to their melting points, and then cooling them, so that the components mix.... | [
"brass",
"steel",
"aluminum",
"tin"
] | A | brass is made of copper and zinc |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-1802 | waves, atmospheric-science, turbulence
The clouds form if the rising air reaches the lifted condensation level before the updrafts are stopped by an inversion or stable layer. The air is (relatively) clear above the downdrafts. If the convection rolls were perfectly circular, the cloud row spacing would be twice the ... | [
"precipitation destroys",
"clouds float",
"precipitation condenses",
"precipitation falls"
] | C | condensation is a stage in the water cycle process |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-1803 | zoology, ornithology, ethology, behaviour
Title: Crow branch pecking behaviour I was walking through a small park when two crows started cawing at me, and followed me, flying from tree-to-tree as I walked. I speculate that this is a territorial or protective behaviour, but what I found different was the crows were vio... | [
"eggs",
"feathers",
"feet",
"wings"
] | C | sharp beaks are a kind of adaptation for catching prey |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-1804 | taxonomy
Title: Why are sponges sometimes not considered multicellular? I read somewhere (I can't find where) that there is no scientific consensus whether sponges should be considered multicellular organisms.
It seems I don't understand where is the line between unicellular and multicellular life.
I am not able to fi... | [
"a great pyramid",
"a rotting ship",
"a ski lift",
"a skyscraper"
] | B | an ecosystem contains nonliving things |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-1805 | zoology, ichthyology, marine-biology
Switek goes on to to talk about exceptions in some marine mammals:
At this point some of you might raise the point that living pinnipeds like seals and sea lions move in a side-to-side motion underwater. That may be true on a superficial level, but pinnipeds primarily use their mo... | [
"racing",
"swimming",
"creating",
"reading"
] | B | arctic animals live in an arctic environment |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-1806 | zoology, sensation
Title: Can animals that rely heavily on sonar sense colour? Apparently there're species around as rely heavily on sonar to sense the world around them.
E.g. Bat, Dolphin, Whale ...
The humans, and other terrestrial beings in a lighted world are capable of distinguishing colour in varying degrees of... | [
"the grocery store",
"call a friend",
"track a moth",
"a concert"
] | C | echolocation is when some animals detect objects by hearing echoes by emitting sound |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-1807 | electromagnetism, energy, electric-circuits, electric-current
Title: Why is dissipation of electric power as heat minimized? For a given electric circuit, currents and voltages are distributed to minimize the total power dissipated as heat. It seems that, there is some kind of action which is stationary.
What is the r... | [
"sound",
"car propellant",
"water",
"sunlight"
] | B | electricity causes less pollution than gasoline |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-1808 | zoology, digestive-system, pets
Title: Is it safe to feed an adult fire salamander with slime maggots? As a reminder, maggots feed of a flesh, while fire salamander consumes his prey alive, without killing it.
Can it happen that the maggot will start eating the salamander from the inside? Although I am afraid I don't ... | [
"Canadian nightcrawlers",
"clouds",
"satellites",
"robots"
] | A | decomposition is when a decomposer recycles nutrients from dead organisms to the soil by eating those dead organisms |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-1809 | orbit, earth
Title: Average amount of annual daylight at any place on earth If this is the wrong group please direct me to the correct one.
It seems intuitively obvious that the amount of daylight per annum should be the same for any latitude on earth. For example, 12 hours per day at the equator. The poles have dayli... | [
"4",
"long",
"3",
"12"
] | A | a new season occurs four times per year |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-1810 | zoology
Capybara, rabbits, hamsters and other related species do not have a complex ruminant digestive system. Instead they extract more nutrition from grass by giving their food a second pass through the gut. Soft fecal pellets of partially digested food are excreted and generally consumed immediately. Consuming thes... | [
"gravel",
"other herbivores",
"crustaceans",
"chlorophyll"
] | D | cows only eat plants |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-1811 | physical-chemistry, color, light
Title: Colour due to transmission and reflection It makes sense to me that when looking through a sample (observer | sample | light), it should appear as the opposite of the light absorbed, but it does not make sense to me to expect the same when not looking through it, just standing b... | [
"seeing it",
"touching it",
"sniffing it",
"licking it"
] | A | the color of an object can be discovered by looking at that object |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-1812 | newtonian-mechanics, newtonian-gravity, optimization
Title: Maximal Gravity I found this interesting problem in Introduction to Classical Mechanics with Problems and Solutions by David Morin:
Given a point $P$ in space, and given a piece of malleable material of constant density, how should you shape and place the ma... | [
"a metric ton of marbles",
"a blue whale and its calf",
"Jupiter and all its moons",
"a ball of burning gas in our solar system"
] | D | non-contact forces can affect objects that are not touching |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-1813 | Want to see all other topics I dig out? Follow me (click follow button on profile). You will receive a summary of all topics I bump in your profile area as well as via email.
_________________
Re: At a certain carpet factory, if carpeting of width 10 feet is moving c &nbs [#permalink] 05 May 2018, 02:44
Display posts f... | [
"electromagnetism",
"electric youth",
"bad breeding",
"gravity"
] | A | non-contact forces can affect objects that are not touching |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-1814 | climate-change, sea-level, glaciology, ice-sheets, antarctica
Title: Where does the biggest land-based ice cap reside? I'm thinking biggest in volume, regarding which area of the planet will contribute more to a raising in sea level - were the ice in those regions to melt.
I can basically think of two candidates, name... | [
"tiaga and",
"prairie",
"deciduous forest",
"desert"
] | A | cold environments are usually white in color from being covered in snow |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-1815 | species-identification
Title: What is this (water-loving) bug? For some time we've been finding these little fellows in our apartment:
They seem harmless enough, but finding them is a bit... annoying. I found the fellow above in the bathtub, and it's not uncommon to find more than one.
Unfortunately, some started to ... | [
"hold a vibrant piece of cloth and wave it rapidly back and forth",
"display bright colors to stand out to the fish",
"transform into a bureau replete with clothing",
"disguise itself as just some junk on the bottom of the tank"
] | D | An example of camouflage is when an organism looks like its environment |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-1816 | classical-mechanics
the other car hits you and starts compressing your car's crumple zone.
the collision force exceeds your braking force and your car starts accelerating. Your car's crumple zone is still being compressed.
the crumple zone is fully compressed so both cars are now moving at the same speed and your brak... | [
"play",
"eat",
"rejoice",
"sob"
] | D | harming something has a negative effect on that something |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-1817 | botany, plant-physiology, plant-anatomy
Title: Caudex vs Xylopodium difference I live in Brazil and many plants from the brazilian grasslands/prairies exhibit an structure called, by the brazilian literature, "xylopodium" (or "xilopódio" in portuguese) - which are tickened, underground, lignified structures (root or s... | [
"mp3s",
"H2O",
"sand",
"seeds"
] | B | a cactus stem is used for storing water |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-1818 | anatomy, scales
If this horse is 500 kg (a mid-range mass for horses), each leg would have to support 125 kg, compared to only 37.5 kg for a 75 kg adult. Why don't we see a corresponding difference in cross-section? Elephant, rhinoceros, &c all have much thicker legs in proportion. The answer, I think, lies in the fa... | [
"gorge",
"refuse food",
"feed",
"eat food"
] | B | as the amount of food an animal eats decreases , that organism will become thinner |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-1819 | pressure, everyday-life, physical-chemistry, vacuum
Extra: Is this (your answer) also a reason for not semi-compressing half-full flexible plastic cola bottles before closing them? Creating a vacuum above carbonated drinks causes the CO2 to outgas faster--simply because there is no CO2 above the drink to diffuse back ... | [
"Andy Warhol paintings",
"an aluminum mine",
"blonde dye bottles",
"a telescope"
] | B | a soda can is made of aluminum |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-1820 | anatomy, scales
If this horse is 500 kg (a mid-range mass for horses), each leg would have to support 125 kg, compared to only 37.5 kg for a 75 kg adult. Why don't we see a corresponding difference in cross-section? Elephant, rhinoceros, &c all have much thicker legs in proportion. The answer, I think, lies in the fa... | [
"leather harnesses",
"jockeys",
"black stallions",
"the sun"
] | D | the sun is the source of energy for life on Earth |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-1821 | food, decomposition
Title: Worm compost cannot have cooked food I live in the Netherlands and it is getting fashionable to compost with worms. After investigating a few websites I noticed that most websites suggested that I cannot feed the worms leftovers from citrus fruits. This seems logical. I then started noticing... | [
"place to sleep",
"art",
"friendship",
"sustenance"
] | D | dead organisms are the source of nutrients for decomposers |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-1822 | newtonian-mechanics, forces, rotational-dynamics, friction, free-body-diagram
Title: How does friction stop a car? I'm unable to understand how friction causes motion in cars and also is responsible for stopping them.
When it starts the impending motion of tyres is in the backward direction that's why friction is in t... | [
"dogs",
"birds",
"pickups",
"car toys"
] | C | friction is used for stopping a vehicle by brakes |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-1823 | education
Finally, be open to all possibilities, since you can't know what opportunities that might open. A number of years ago, I heard from a CS major I had taught who had become a successful rodeo clown. Did he use his major? Nope. Was he happy with his life? It certainly appeared so. The single most important less... | [
"physical maturation",
"infancy",
"fishinghood",
"childhood"
] | C | adulthood is a stage in the life cycle process |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-1824 | electromagnetic-radiation, scattering
Title: Clarification on Rayleigh scattering causing various sky colors (I know Rayleigh scattering isn't the only reason why the sky is blue but to simplify the question lets focus on that)
The commonly stated reason for why the sky is blue is that smaller wavelengths are scattere... | [
"that is the beach",
"that is the meaning",
"that is the religion",
"climate is fairly reliable"
] | D | climate is the usual kind of weather in a location |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-1825 | climate, seasons, ice-age, axial-obliquity
Image originally from The Petroleum System Blog
Using that formula, the temperature at the poles (reduced to sea level) would be -16.8 °C (from the figure actual data points it can be seen that in real life the south pole is much colder than the north pole).
Now, the previous... | [
"a dog sled team to pull it",
"a stronger person to push it",
"a large vat of chocolate syrup to dump on it",
"a group of blind Eskimos to move it"
] | B | as the mass of an object increases , the force required to push that object will increase |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-1826 | species-identification, fruit
Title: What is this plant with hardened fruits on the beach in Mozambique? We saw these near the Barra and Tofinho beaches in the Inhambane province in Mozambique, in July. They were hard and leathery and dry to the touch, long past something resembling edible fruit.
Anybody have an idea ... | [
"in several farmers markets",
"in fruit bat caves",
"on the stems of trees or vines",
"in organic food stores"
] | C | plants are the source of fruit |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-1827 | inorganic-chemistry, solubility, metallurgy
Any insights would be much appreciated! Let me give an extreme example of chemical analysis. It is an anecdote. Some analytical chemists were using a very sensitive technique to analyze metals in blood. It is called neutron activation analysis. What they saw was that a very ... | [
"crush it in a vise",
"view the atomic weight of it",
"attempt to leave a mark on it",
"melt it down and pour"
] | C | measuring the hardness of minerals requires scratching those materials |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-1828 | climate-change
Source: World Meteorological Organization Press Release No. 976: 2001-2010, A Decade of Climate Extremes
The above image speaks for itself. The global temperature change over the last forty years is very real, and is not noise.
With regard to point #2, yes the climate has changed in the past, and by hu... | [
"make a building taller than before",
"remodel and existing house",
"clear hillside brush for houses",
"have more people living in one house"
] | C | humans building homes in an ecosystem causes that environment to change |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-1829 | geology, geomorphology, coastal
Title: What causes such a narrow slit in a cliff? (see photo)
I have this photo as a background image and I often wonder how such a narrow, well-defined slit could be formed. Is it natural or man-made? If natural, what processes could have formed it? The rest of the coastline is rugged... | [
"liberal tears",
"bat urine",
"salty ocean water",
"granite statues"
] | B | stalactites are formed by deposition |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-1830 | infection, amphibians
Title: What is this toad suffering from? Myiasis or chytridiomycosis? I found this toad on Aug. 29th at this location: position on osm
I think it is a bufo bufo, approx. 10 cm long. The nostrils seemed to be completely filled with a grey matter and from the activity of the floor of the mouth it ... | [
"long slumber",
"day",
"life",
"meeting"
] | A | when a hibernating frog emergest from mud , that frog has ended its hibernation |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-1831 | thermodynamics, photoelectric-effect, thermal-conductivity, absorption, solar-cells
Title: Possibility of combining photovoltaics and solar thermal energy In a private setting, photovoltaics and solar thermal energy are often harvested on the home's roof and roof area is limited. So, I thought about combining both, i.... | [
"red velvet cupcakes",
"Greek yogurt",
"ceviche",
"Caesar salad"
] | A | if food is cooked then heat energy is added to that food |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-1832 | home-experiment, food-chemistry, color
For cooking food, this above synthesis method seems unreasonable and overkill. I urge you to experiment with a few methods of forming the red curcumin-phospholipid complex yourself, with soy lecithin/eggs. I would have tried some methods out but I don't have these ingredients at ... | [
"a spacious area mostly covered with trees and undergrowth",
"inside of an AA battery",
"an enclosed bank vault",
"at the bottom of a bleached coral reef"
] | A | some rabbits live in forests |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-1833 | ornithology, kidney
Back to worrying about the mammal-centric thinking: there is a causal implication in both the original and my edited version that is not warranted, which is that the anatomy of the loops of Henle is somehow determining the nitrogen excretion strategy that birds use. It's equally reasonable to presu... | [
"pokes a tough plant",
"eats a small stone",
"takes out a loan",
"cries for a minute"
] | A | a cactus stores water |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-1834 | This lets them bring a 15th bar and catch the train with less than 5 minutes to spare.
It is not possible to move all 16 bars.
Consider the total distance that each person moves, in each direction, carrying each possible number of bars. For example $$R_2^+$$ is the total distance that Rod moves forward while carrying... | [
"to a cow",
"to a moon",
"to a jail",
"to a duplex"
] | D | some humans live in houses |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-1835 | meteorology, climate-change, precipitation, climate-models
Can this process predict changes in 1000-year events? Yes, potentially, even when the projection period is usually more like 100 years. This is because 1 in 1000-year events are actually defined inversely - that is, they are thought to have a 0.1% chance of oc... | [
"earthquake",
"canyon",
"tornado",
"Tsunami"
] | B | a canyon forming occurs over a period of millions of years |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-1836 | zoology, ecology, species-distribution, migration
Title: How do animals end up in remote areas? I was thinking specifically about random marshy water holes on farmers fields. It seems that you can visit just about any one of these and you will find frogs if you look hard enough.
They usually don't seem to be connected... | [
"pollywogs",
"sharks",
"princes",
"French people"
] | A | metamorphosis is a stage in the life cycle process of some animals |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-1837 | audio, filter-design, noise, denoising
I did a quick dirty hack on that and found it sounded already a lot better (although certainly not clean either). Below is a picture that shows the first pulse before and after.
That's work in progress and there are certainly ways to refine this further.
The following is multipl... | [
"the taste of his lunch",
"waves in the air",
"the light streaming through the window",
"the feeling of his hair on his neck"
] | B | matter vibrating can cause sound |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-1838 | the-sun, earth
Title: If the Sun got larger, but maintained its luminosity, would the Earth get hotter or colder? A recent question If the Sun were bigger but colder, Earth would be hotter or colder? asked - if the Sun got bigger and cooler, would the Earth heat up or cool down. I think the answer to that is mainly th... | [
"holding elements near",
"locking acid in",
"locking in dogs",
"gassing in carton"
] | A | the greenhouse effect is when carbon in the air heats a planet 's atmosphere |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-1839 | ### Show Tags
19 May 2015, 12:37
we have here 4 (4 years) successive increases of 25% or *1,25 --> 1,25^4 * X = 6250, X = 2560
See MGMAT (Percents) for detailed explanation of such question types.....
_________________
When you’re up, your friends know who you are. When you’re down, you know who your friends are.
8... | [
"planting cabbage one year and spinach the next",
"chemical fertilizers and salts",
"rotating water schedules daily",
"over watering each field"
] | A | crop rotation has a positive impact on soil quality |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-1840 | Hey, thanks for your help guys. For a minute there, I thought that this theoretical person could not safely expect to live to be 82 years old.
9. Jun 16, 2012
### SW VandeCarr
In fact, on a purely probabilistic basis, for any finite time no matter how large, there is a non zero probability that a person would surviv... | [
"dance like people are looking",
"climb up to tall places",
"hang out in large, loud groups",
"skateboard for long periods of time"
] | B | the ability to find resources has a positive impact on an organism 's survival |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-1841 | lab-techniques, photosynthesis, chromatography
At the beginning, both cars (solutes) S1 and S2 are even with the solute front car (SF) because the race (chromatography) has just begun. However, over time, the SF car outpaces S1 and S2 because it is moving faster.
_______
/____/... | [
"stems",
"buds",
"extended portions",
"dry seeds"
] | C | most chloroplasts are found in the leaves of a plant |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-1842 | species-identification, entomology
Title: What kind of an animal is that?
Found in Austria. At half past nine p.m. in the summer/autumn. Due to the long legs and the shape of the abdomen, this is probably a crane fly, a dipteran from the Family Tipulidae.
Just for comparisson, here is Holorusia hespera:
Crane flies... | [
"animal statues",
"felines",
"extinct species",
"people"
] | B | some animals live in zoo exhibits |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-1843 | ecology, behaviour, sociality, predation, community-ecology
Title: How selective are wolves about the size of their prey? For an animal that lives and hunts socially like a wolf, is there a lower threshold to the size of prey items they will hunt? A pack wouldn't have much trouble with catching say a rabbit, but would... | [
"The wolves eat the same things that the deer eat",
"They wanted to be friends with the deer.",
"The wolves stay near the deer for protection",
"The wolves use the deer for nutrition"
] | D | most predators live near the same environment as their prey |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-1844 | zoology
Capybara, rabbits, hamsters and other related species do not have a complex ruminant digestive system. Instead they extract more nutrition from grass by giving their food a second pass through the gut. Soft fecal pellets of partially digested food are excreted and generally consumed immediately. Consuming thes... | [
"hamburgers",
"help from friends",
"chloroplasts",
"ordering out"
] | C | green plants provide food for consumers by performing photosynthesis |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-1845 | homework-and-exercises, energy, energy-conservation
Title: Work being done without distance I have this issue:
If you push a 40.0 kg crate at a constant speed of 1.40 m/s across a horizontal floor
(µk=0.25 ), at what rate (a) is work being done on the crate by you and (b) is the
energy dissipated by the frictional f... | [
"65%",
"50%",
"60%",
"55%"
] | D | a simple machine requires mechanical energy to function |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-1846 | everyday-life
Title: Why is it that when a chalk board gets cleaned, the area that used to have chalk is the cleanest? Why is it that when you erase a chalk board, the area where the chalk used to be becomes the cleanest? By that I mean that when you erase a chalk drawing, the board gets smeared with chalk dust, but t... | [
"burns the board",
"wipes a spill",
"makes a streak",
"makes a dent"
] | C | when a mineral is rubbed on a streak plate , some of the material breaks off and forms a powder |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-1847 | reproduction
Title: Why are so many species reproducing late this year? Hope this question is OK for this site, couldn't see where else to ask it.
We've spent a few days out in the countryside recently, and have been very surprised at how many species appear to have very young offspring so late in the season. I was al... | [
"bacteria",
"light",
"carrots",
"farrow"
] | D | reproduction produces offspring |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-1848 | genetics, circadian-rhythms
Fig. 1. The SCN is entrained by environmental light captured by the retina in the eyes. Source: Neuroscience News.
The SCN is an intrinsic oscillator that governs sleep and wake timing, rhythms of temperature, hormones, mood and cognitive acuity etc. etc. These rhythms are entrained to 24 h... | [
"5 times",
"singular instances",
"forty times",
"once a year"
] | B | cycles of day and night occur once per day |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-1849 | thermodynamics, phase-transition, states-of-matter
So in theory, you can have 100% ice that is at melting temperature. If you apply exactly the energy required for that amount of ice to transition to water, then you would have 100% water that is at the exact same temperature. If instead you only applied 50% of the ene... | [
"river water",
"swamp water",
"lake water",
"coastal water"
] | D | adding salt to a liquid decreases the melting point of that liquid |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-1850 | thermodynamics, phase-transition, states-of-matter
So in theory, you can have 100% ice that is at melting temperature. If you apply exactly the energy required for that amount of ice to transition to water, then you would have 100% water that is at the exact same temperature. If instead you only applied 50% of the ene... | [
"sodium",
"dry leaves",
"pebbles",
"dry ice"
] | A | adding salt to a liquid decreases the melting point of that liquid |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-1851 | java, object-oriented, state-machine
@Override
public Critter update(Ocean currentTimeStepSea){
int neighborSharkCount=0;
neighborSharkCount = Utility.countSharkAsNeighbor(this, currentTimeStepSea);
//Updating fish cell for current & next time step
if(neighborSharkCount ==1){
... | [
"eats some seeds",
"eats a sandbar",
"eats some seaweed",
"eats an eel"
] | D | carnivores are predators |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-1852 | homework-and-exercises, newtonian-mechanics, energy
Title: How can iron be forged by a hand-powered hammer? If the compression strength of iron is 50 MPa, or 5 MPa at 1000C, how can it be forged by a falling hammer, weighing say 10 kg, 10x10 cm impact area -> 100N/0.01 m2 = 10 kPa? Having been a quasi-professional bla... | [
"it endures",
"died",
"baked it",
"ate it"
] | A | as the time a tool lasts increases , the number of tools discarded will decrease |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-1853 | geometry, topology, elasticity, continuum-mechanics
Title: Twisting a string I may have some confusion about the twist and torsion of an elastic filament. The issue centers around this set-up.
I hold a cable in my hands, so that it forms a straight line. Keeping the endpoints clamped in my fingers, I move them closer ... | [
"helpful viruses help them retain their function",
"a prison cell wall contains them",
"the thin membrane which surrounds them",
"they have a Chilton's manual to guide them"
] | C | the cell membrane provides support for a cell |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-1854 | optics, visible-light, reflection, refraction, lenses
Title: Why can't rainbows form at the start of a storm? I was recently at a park looking at the gorgeous scenery. I looked above and saw thick grey clouds covering up 3/4 of the sky. The sun's light is still visible for 1/4 of the sky, and it looks low enough to ... | [
"the other horses were licking that horse",
"sweat glands released liquid to cool off the horse",
"sweat glands dried up",
"The horse needed a shower and was getting oily"
] | B | sweat is used for adjusting to hot temperatures by some animals |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-1855 | thermodynamics, energy, temperature, estimation
Title: What would happen if a 10-kg cube of iron, at a temperature close to 0 kelvin, suddenly appeared in your living room? What would be the effect of placing an object that cold in an environment that warm? Would the room just get a little colder? Would it kill everyo... | [
"live frogs",
"old stones",
"dry switches",
"dry cheese"
] | C | burning wood is used to produce heat |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-1856 | the-moon, moon-phases
Title: Red cresent moon Yesterday night i witnessed something very strange when i looked outside the window. I saw the moon (crescent) but it was dull red and right on the horizon ,which is strange considering that it is usually on the upper right of the night sky and white in colour. On further ... | [
"every other new month",
"about six more days",
"just over a month",
"just under a month"
] | D | a revolution of the moon around the Earth takes 1 month |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-1857 | newtonian-mechanics, forces, friction, free-body-diagram, centrifugal-force
Title: Why can a car skid if you take a curve too quick? I've seen loads of cars that skid during a curve due to taking it with a high velocity. I can guess that it has to do with the grid with the road and maybe something to do with centifuga... | [
"less friction",
"more friction",
"free falling",
"zero friction"
] | B | skidding causes friction |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-1858 | optics, visible-light, reflection, refraction, lenses
Title: Why can't rainbows form at the start of a storm? I was recently at a park looking at the gorgeous scenery. I looked above and saw thick grey clouds covering up 3/4 of the sky. The sun's light is still visible for 1/4 of the sky, and it looks low enough to ... | [
"when light is burned",
"when light proceeds through",
"when light is black",
"when light is dim"
] | B | refracting sunlight causes light to split into different colors |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-1859 | species-identification, botany
Title: Can you identify this (possibly waterstoring) plant? My son brought home a sapling, and after 4 years in a pot it is now about 30 cm or a foot high (from the "ground" to the top of the "stem"). It doesn't need a lot of water and can go weeks without being watered, in fact it seems... | [
"corn",
"poison",
"ice",
"liquid"
] | D | a plants require water for to grow |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-1860 | marine-biology, vestigial
Title: Modern Whales with Vestigial legs Myth? Is it a myth that modern whales have been found with hind legs sticking out of their sides and full formed tibias, fibias, and toe bones? I keep finding assertions, but no citations. For example, the wikipedia page has no citation for it.
http://... | [
"weak",
"stubby",
"elongated",
"short"
] | C | long ears are used for releasing heat by a jackrabbit |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-1861 | entomology, ethology, parasitology, ant, parasitism
Title: The emergence of Phengaris butterflies from ant nests The butterflies of the Phengaris genus (also known as Maculinea) are known to be brood parasitic. During the fourth instar, the caterpillars leave their food plant and mimic ant larvae, causing the ants to ... | [
"outside the anteater",
"inside the anteater",
"in the sky",
"underground"
] | B | if something absorbs something else then that something will contain that something else |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-1862 | thermodynamics, energy-conservation, conventions
$$T_C = \frac{\mathrm{COP}_\mathrm{given}}{1 + \mathrm{COP}_\mathrm{given}} T_H$$
The absolute minimum temperature achievable with a COP of 3.28 and outdoor temperature of, say, $300\ \mathrm{K}$ is thus $230\ \mathrm{K}$, well below freezing. However, in practice, it w... | [
"take a short nap",
"be very warmed up",
"adjust its internal temperature",
"lap up some water"
] | C | a mammal is warm-blooded |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-1863 | zoology
Capybara, rabbits, hamsters and other related species do not have a complex ruminant digestive system. Instead they extract more nutrition from grass by giving their food a second pass through the gut. Soft fecal pellets of partially digested food are excreted and generally consumed immediately. Consuming thes... | [
"beef",
"tender leaf buds",
"pork",
"cotton candy"
] | B | squirrels eat edible plants |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-1864 | electrostatics
Title: Inducing positive charge on a Sphere(Metallic) Sorry if this question is asked already. I want to know that while inducing positive charge on a neutral body, at the time of earthing why the electrons move out so easily from the neutral body to the ground.I wonder Is it that easy to remove the ele... | [
"led",
"High Pressure Sodium",
"incandescence",
"compact florescence"
] | C | an incandescent light bulb converts electricity into heat by sending electricity through a filament |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-1865 | electromagnetism, electricity, electric-current
In short, the conducting electrons push on the surface charges, and these push the conductor via EM and possibly via non-EM forces.
When a conducting moving electron (or "element of conducting charge" in the macroscopic theory) suddenly starts experiencing an external ma... | [
"conductor wrapped wire",
"insulator wrapped insulator",
"non coated metal",
"insulation encompassed wire"
] | D | electrical insulation requires wrapping a conductor in an insulator |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-1866 | the-moon, moon-phases
Because the full Moon happens when the Moon and Sun are on opposite sides of the Earth, the Moon is most directly opposite the Sun near the Spring and fall equinox. That makes the Harvest Moon (full moon closest to the fall equinox) and the full Moon closest to the spring equinox, more directly... | [
"bimonthly",
"biweekly",
"every two months",
"every four weeks"
] | D | each of the moon 's phases usually occurs once per month |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-1867 | exoplanet
It's probably possible to have volcanic eruptions even though dozens or maybe even hundreds of miles of exotic ice because the heat has to go somewhere, eventually, assing it's likely to build up over time, so either by circulation of eruption, the heat has push through at some point. This even happens on s... | [
"it sits on an active fault line",
"it's located in Canada",
"it has French people",
"the Pacific Ocean is only half as blue as the Atlantic"
] | A | a tectonic plate moves along a fault line |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-1868 | python, beginner, python-3.x
while True:
self.fertilizer = int(input("Please enter the amount of fertilizer (scale 0-10): "))
if self.fertilizer not in range(11):
print("***NOT A VALID AMOUNT***")
continue
if self.fertilizer == sel... | [
"Making potatoes",
"Helping food grow",
"Fertilizing the crops",
"Damaging the planet"
] | D | fertilizers are a source of pollution |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-1869 | conductors, power
Title: Hollow conductor for transmission line A hollow conductor can transfer almost the same current when compared to a solid conductor with less material requirement due to the skin effect. But still, we use solid stranded conductors for a transmission line. Why is it so? The high power lines often... | [
"a cat",
"A penny",
"a cloud",
"wood"
] | B | sending electricity through a conductor causes electric current to flow through that conductor |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-1870 | agriculture
The primary cereals for making bread are wheat and rye, while barley and oats may be mixed in. Historically significant portions of the rural population of Europe were sustained by cereal-based food in the form of gruel and porridge rather than by bread, especially prior to the introduction of the potato. ... | [
"oats",
"rice",
"watermelon",
"grain"
] | C | crop rotation is when different crops are planted on a field in different years |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-1871 | zoology, species-identification, ornithology, behaviour
Title: What is this crow eating, and is it a common part of the corvid diet? Here's a picture (by Rob Curtis) of a crow carrying and eating the corpse of what looks a bit like a small hawk or falcon:
Other pictures clearly show the crow is eating the dead bird. ... | [
"passes away",
"wakes up",
"eats birds",
"flies home"
] | A | poison causes harm to living things |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-1872 | evolution, psychology, sociobiology
Title: Female preference for males who are already in a relationship A common saying is that women are generally more attracted towards men who are already in a relationship, and this phenomena does seem to have its own place in popular culture that is not matched by a corresponding... | [
"genetic",
"learned attributes",
"naturally occurring",
"taught"
] | B | preferences are generally learned characteristics |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-1873 | atmosphere, ocean, hydrology, climate-change
Comment: I strongly endorse the use of wind and hydropower as sources of energy over the further use of fossil fuels. However, I still think it is important to do research into the actual renewability of presumed-renewable energy sources, as we don't want to end up with ano... | [
"buy products that can be reused",
"drive a gas guzzling car",
"throw aluminum cans in the trash",
"litter in public parks"
] | A | recycling has a positive impact on the environment |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-1874 | reproduction
Title: Can different kinds of dogs mate? This was inspired by a show in which two different kinds of dogs, who were neighbors, "dated," in order to bring their human neighbors together. This is a theme seen in Disney's "101 Dalmations" or "The Lady and the Tramp."
Can dogs of similar sizes, say Rotweilers... | [
"are born with teeth",
"leave their young to fend for themselves like turtle babies",
"provide direct sustenance to their newborn puppies",
"lay eggs to sit on"
] | C | a mammal usually nurses its offspring |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-1875 | newtonian-mechanics, everyday-life, collision, spring
But if you pull the small block away from the large block slowly, then the large block will follow the small block, while the spring doesn't stretch terribly much. In this case, the low acceleration of the large mass takes place over a longer time, and so it can m... | [
"dead",
"bigger",
"smaller",
"icier"
] | C | as distance to an object increases , that object will appear smaller |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-1876 | species-identification
Title: Identification of insect I am trying to identify this insect on a hibiscus plant. Google googles is unable to identify it. It's a Japanese Beetle Popillia japonica - they are invasive in most of North America and some of Europe now.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_beetle
They are ... | [
"bright stem",
"tantalizing liquid",
"nice friend",
"green leaves"
] | B | nectar is used for attracting pollinators by plants |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-1877 | optics, everyday-life, polarization, vision
Here's the main issue with sunglasses. Longer wavelength UV will cause sunburn of the retina at even low but constant levels. Shorter wavelength light begets phototoxicity: this arises when the light is energetic enough (photons of short enough wavelength) to knock outer she... | [
"shoes",
"pants",
"nails",
"sheet of paper"
] | D | looking directly at an eclipse of the Sun causes harm to the eyes |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-1878 | thermodynamics, temperature, everyday-life, phase-transition, humidity
Title: Steam from a cup of coffee I observed that, in winter there is more visible steam from a cup of coffee than in summer. Is there any phenomenon taking place here. The amount of water that air can take up before the water creates fog or visibl... | [
"plants",
"air heads",
"empty space",
"animals"
] | C | fog is formed by water vapor condensing in the air |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-1879 | aerodynamics
Title: How do eagles fly slowly for a long time? Eagles fly slowly for a long time.
Many other species fly faster and move their wings faster. But eagles keep their wings steady, and move only their tail.
How do they move slowly in the air, without falling down?
Can this eagle flying technique be used i... | [
"observed trough observation of others",
"a biological trait passed down in it's genes",
"learned through trial and error",
"learned from watching its mom"
] | B | An example of an inherited behavior is a bird building a nest |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-1880 | raspberry-pi
ACC = AutonomousCruiseControl()
# range second parameter is numbers to generate not the right boundary
for i in range(0,8):
ACC.front_sonar.readings = readings[i]
print("{}. reading: {}".format(i, ACC.read_front_sonar()))
print("{}. FOS: {}".format(i, ACC.get_front_object_s... | [
"locale",
"elements",
"minerals",
"mass"
] | A | sonar is used to find the location of an object |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-1881 | rocks, remote-sensing, archaeology, ground-truth
Together, #1, #2, and #3 tell us that it's probably early summer just after the river ice has broken up.
The tooth-like features in the left image are simply erosional remnants sticking out of the riverbank. They could be bedrock (not likely), ice wedges, unmelted perm... | [
"watch the sports team the Colorado Avalanches",
"play a strenuous game of beach ball",
"go downhill with wooden planks attached to boots",
"dive into an Olympic-sized swimming pool"
] | C | snowy means a large amount of snow |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-1882 | geology, geography, satellite-oddities
Title: Round structure in southern United States Assuming here might be someone who knows something about this, I wanted to ask what is behind this round structure I have spotted today on Google Earth:
There seems to be a large (~200 km), nearly perfect half-circle covering the ... | [
"dirt",
"foam",
"natural gas",
"oil"
] | D | offshore oil platforms might cause oil to leak into the water |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-1883 | optics, everyday-life, refraction, order-of-magnitude, estimation
So my first question is: what's wrong? Why are there mirages when this model predicts that there are not?
My second is: why do we see them only when it's hot? This model depends only weakly on absolute temperature, and hot absolute temperatures actually... | [
"whales",
"dolphins",
"rattlesnakes",
"squid"
] | C | a reptile is cold-blooded |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-1884 | botany, ecology, energy
Title: Why do plants create enough energy for the entire ecosystem? In my environmental class, we were recently learning about the $10\%$ law that basically says only $10\%$ of the energy goes from one trophic level to the next.
This got me thinking about why energy flows from one level to the ... | [
"decomposed waste",
"consumers like deer",
"other producers",
"producer organisms"
] | B | a producer is a source of energy for consumers |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-1885 | rocks, remote-sensing, archaeology, ground-truth
Together, #1, #2, and #3 tell us that it's probably early summer just after the river ice has broken up.
The tooth-like features in the left image are simply erosional remnants sticking out of the riverbank. They could be bedrock (not likely), ice wedges, unmelted perm... | [
"ice",
"snow",
"sand",
"wood chips"
] | C | scraping an object may cause small particles to break off of that object |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-1886 | This will result in an answer that that does not violate any of the stated constraints.
We have 3 fishes in each tank.
We have 7 tanks in sector Gamma.
We have 5 sharks in sector Gamma.
However, this seems like a bit of kludge. The proper way go about it is represent the number of sharks in the each sector as binary ... | [
"flying away",
"releasing dark fluid",
"crying loudly",
"being friendly"
] | B | octopuses releasing ink into the water causes predators to have difficulty seeing the octopus |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-1887 | homework-and-exercises, radiation
Title: light beams of the sun
We receive sunlight on earth surface. What type of light beams are these?
Random/Parallel/Converging/Diverging
I think it should be Diverging as Sun is radiating these beams away. But in one book, answer is given as Random, in another it's Parallel. It ... | [
"lamps",
"lightbulbs",
"local star",
"star actor"
] | C | the sun is a source of light called sunlight |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-1888 | fossils, drilling
Title: What would people drilling through Mount Everest find? I am interested in knowing what kind of fossils we would find if we were to drill horizontally through the mountain and what we would find if we were to drill vertically. Would we find anything interesting other than the fossils? Looks lik... | [
"buildings",
"cars",
"silverware",
"ancient poo"
] | D | fossil fuels are formed by dead organisms over time |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-1889 | meteorology, wind
Title: Why does wind blow offshore in the morning? I live in San Diego, CA, and surfers capitalize on dawn hours because the offshore (seaward) winds help "hold up" the waves, i.e. prevent them from crashing before the surfer gets to ride it a while.
I'm only a beginner, but when I went to Korea, I m... | [
"snow is gone",
"beaches are littered",
"storms are imminent",
"clouds are scarce"
] | C | a warm front causes cloudy and rainy weather |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-1890 | electricity, electric-current, earth, electrical-resistance, estimation
Title: If the Earth is a good conductor of electricity, why don't people get electrocuted every time they touch the Earth? Since the Earth is a good conductor of electricity, is it safe to assume that any charge that flows down to the Earth must b... | [
"tree",
"coke bottle",
"your finger",
"coke can"
] | D | An electrical conductor is a vehicle for the flow of electricity |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-1891 | home-experiment, oxidation-state
Title: the perfect campfire As far as chemistry goes, there are laws or observations that can be useful to determine the perfect shape and disposition of the wood in a campfire ?
For example what chemistry says about the 2 most popular "shapes"
teepee
log cabin
or even other varia... | [
"processed cheese",
"metal panels",
"drywall",
"wood beams"
] | D | if something is a raw material in a process then that something is required for that process |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-1892 | mechanical-engineering, materials, manufacturing-engineering, cooling
Title: Building a cooling system for a kneading machine? I wanted to modify my kneading machine. In fact it can work for at maximum 5 minutes, and then I have to let it cool for 20 minutes (it is a very cheap model), and it is a problem for me.
So I... | [
"music",
"paper",
"distractions",
"copper"
] | D | wiring requires an electrical conductor |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-1893 | entomology
Title: What is the name of this tiny creature? It looks like a tiny piece of moving cotton? By chance, I saw this tiny insect on my bag a few days ago in Sydney. Am I the first person who has pinpointed this animal?! If not can you please let me know its name? From your image, it looks like it might be a wo... | [
"gather things",
"build things",
"relocate things",
"destroy things"
] | C | a disperser disperses |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-1894 | homework-and-exercises, classical-mechanics, energy, momentum
Title: Impulse and car make (homework question) In my physics course it says that the more sturdy the car is the more momentum change (impulse) it will experience during a collision.
The following image is a snippet of the paragraph in my course that talks ... | [
"the car to slip",
"the car to float",
"the car to die",
"the car to speed up"
] | A | braking can cause skidding |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-1895 | human-biology, reproduction, human-genetics
Title: Very frequent multiple births in humans 18th century Feodor Vassilyev is said to have had children by two wives, each of whom only ever had twins, triplets or quadruplets. His first wife has 16 sets of twins, 7 of triplets and 4 of quads; his second had 6 sets of twin... | [
"find some friends",
"consider genetic implications",
"consider eating dinner",
"make a dollar"
] | B | reproduction is when an organism passes genetic information from itself to its offspring |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-1896 | genetics, botany, reproduction, dendrology
So why I don't get the apple-tree of the scion kind if I plant the seeds from an apple which has grown on such a tree? I would expect that the genes in the apple seeds must be the same. However if I plant the seeds, I have to graft the new seedling again. The reason most appl... | [
"the trees it came from",
"Johnny Appleseed in a pouch",
"the birds in the trees",
"the surrounding leaves and bushes"
] | A | the type of seed of a plant is an inherited characteristic |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-1897 | everyday-life
Due to friction effects though, option c is still best. Pedaling hard will quickly deplete energy reserves while pedaling at a slow but steady rate will allow you to cycle for much longer. From a physics point of view, we cannot help you spend less energy, it will inevitable take about the same amount of... | [
"stays the same",
"decreases",
"stops",
"increases"
] | D | as energy required for an activity increases , pulse will increase |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-1898 | infection, amphibians
Title: What is this toad suffering from? Myiasis or chytridiomycosis? I found this toad on Aug. 29th at this location: position on osm
I think it is a bufo bufo, approx. 10 cm long. The nostrils seemed to be completely filled with a grey matter and from the activity of the floor of the mouth it ... | [
"plantlife",
"bug microphones",
"mayflies",
"minerals"
] | C | a frog eats insects |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-1899 | I was reading First Course on Probability by Sheldon Ross and I came across a problem which went like this:
"A customer visiting the suit department of a certain store will purchase a suit with probability $.22$, a shirt with probability $.30$, and a tie with probability $.28$. The customer will purchase both a suit an... | [
"wetsuit",
"canes",
"bricks",
"hats"
] | A | swimming is when humans can move in water |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-1900 | meteorology, climate-change, gas, pollution
If you are interested in Greenhouse Gases (e.g. methane, carbon dioxide, CFCs, nitrous oxide), the EPA has a separate site for those emissions since they are not part of the same regulatory framework http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/ghgemissions/ . Greenhouse gases typical... | [
"graduation",
"a placebo",
"chickenpox",
"chemistry"
] | C | illness has a negative impact on an organism 's health |
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