source string | id string | question string | options list | answer string | reasoning string |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2001 | visible-light, sun, weather
Title: Why are clouds lighter than the sky during the day but darker at night This is probably a very basic question but I couldn't find a good answer to it, most search results are about rain clouds or clouds appearing red at night (something I've never seen except for during sunset but ap... | [
"ice",
"precipitation",
"sunshine",
"flowers"
] | B | water vapor condensing in clouds causes rain |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2002 | organic-chemistry, physical-chemistry, biochemistry, alcohols
Title: Storage of Urine Not all may be favorable to this project, but I will explain what I am trying to do. I work at home, and instead of walking a moderate distance to the bathroom and loosing my focus, I've been, at times, peeing in a 3 Quart Poland Spr... | [
"The first few weeks of December",
"Until it hears the call of the wild",
"For around twenty weeks",
"until hunters kill it for its pelt"
] | C | hibernation is used for conserving resources by some animals |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2003 | species-identification, microbiology, microscopy
Title: Identification of protozoa under microscope I observed maybe Protozoa from standing FRESH water and from slowly flowing FRESH water. I am complete dilettante. Can you tell what these creatures are?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6D5ck3zNJzA&t=474s
Thank you.
Add... | [
"makes friends",
"has multiple uses",
"works together",
"exists solitary"
] | D | a single-cell organism can survive without the help of other cells |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2004 | materials
The image is a modified version of an image found at www.geology.um.maine.edu. Original credit: Passchier and Trouw, pg 33 (2005).
The following is multiple choice question (with options) to answer.
Compost, small rocks, and organic material make up | [
"air",
"stone",
"land",
"water"
] | C | a plant requires soil for to grow |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2005 | mountains, rainfall
Title: Could a waterfall lashing onto a road lead to a landslide? Here is a video of a waterfall lashing on to a mountain road, with vehicles driving under it.
https://youtu.be/cHaguj--YBc
There appears to be a big hole carved out right next to the road, possibly by the force of the waterfall.
Is t... | [
"wind vanes",
"sunlight",
"concrete",
"drafts"
] | D | wind and rain cause erosion |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2006 | zoology
Capybara, rabbits, hamsters and other related species do not have a complex ruminant digestive system. Instead they extract more nutrition from grass by giving their food a second pass through the gut. Soft fecal pellets of partially digested food are excreted and generally consumed immediately. Consuming thes... | [
"the food rots",
"the food dissolves",
"the food melts",
"the food grows"
] | B | the digestive system breaks food into nutrients for the body |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2007 | the-sun, orbit, planet, earth
Is the spiraling movement caused by sun movement (on its path shown
above) where the sun is dragging the earth (and other planets)?
No, the Sun's and the Earth's mutual gravity cause the Earth to rotate around the Sun. The Milky Way's gravity causes our Solar System to revolve around th... | [
"dark hours",
"sunlight deficient",
"night",
"waking hours"
] | D | the Earth rotating on its axis causes the sun to appear to move across the sky during the day |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2008 | photosynthesis, respiration, ecosystem, decomposition
Maybe you should study the metabolic processes of plants and life in general to better understand this. All life consists of chemical reactions that build up structures; in order to build them up you need energy (because of the second law of thermodynamics), and al... | [
"water",
"CO2",
"wind",
"dirt"
] | B | In the photosynthesis process carbon dioxide has the role of raw material |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2009 | arduino, mobile-robot, wheeled-robot, micromouse
Title: Looking for a cheap(ish) micromouse that I can program with C/C++ I'm looking to buy a micromouse (i.e. a small single-board unit with wheels and IR sensors that can move around freely). I've done a lot of searching but have only found resources relating to build... | [
"straw",
"organic material",
"dairy",
"buttons"
] | B | an organism is a source of organic material |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2010 | telescope, mars
Have a look at this guide explaining how consumer-grade computer webcams can be used. It contains a neat comparison of a single frame and a stacked image.
Please note that I'm merely speculating as to which techiniques could be used to obtain such images. I can see that the author posted their email on... | [
"a persona",
"good decisions",
"UV rays",
"the stars"
] | C | tinted lenses reflect ultraviolet rays |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2011 | zoology
Title: What is the reason for cats not liking water? I have two cats myself, a Siberian and a Maine Coon, neither of which like water. In fact, they detest it - like most cats. I was wondering what the reason for this was and if any of you have any interesting theories as to why this is the case.
Thanks in adv... | [
"learns to wear clothes",
"learns to eat bees",
"learns to jump higher",
"learns to cook food"
] | C | adaptation is when an organism develops a trait over time for survival |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2012 | species-identification
Title: What is this plant with purple berries? This plant was seen by a friend of mine in Virginia. What is it? It looks to me like beautyberry. Here is a link to a species page to judge for yourself. It's a very common cultivar and I've heard of people using it to control garden pests.
http://... | [
"bees wax",
"small extinct birds",
"rhinos",
"windy air"
] | D | pollination is when wind carry pollen from one flower to another flower |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2013 | Best Japanese Brown Rice, Air Fryer Burgers And Fries, østfold University College Vacancies, Band T-shirts Walmart, How To Become An Anglican Priest, Too Much Fennel Taste, Porter Cable Circular Saw Cordless, Utmb My Chart, Iams Large Breed Dog Food Nutrition Facts,
The following is multiple choice question (with opti... | [
"roaches",
"birds",
"mosquitoes",
"salmon"
] | D | eagles eat fish |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2014 | zoology, species-identification, ornithology, behaviour
Title: What is this crow eating, and is it a common part of the corvid diet? Here's a picture (by Rob Curtis) of a crow carrying and eating the corpse of what looks a bit like a small hawk or falcon:
Other pictures clearly show the crow is eating the dead bird. ... | [
"a bill",
"fire",
"nets",
"cups"
] | A | a beak is used for catching prey by some birds |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2015 | zoology, ethology, learning
Title: How do beavers learn how to build dams? I was wondering whether all beavers, from all around the world, know how to build dams and lodges? Do they need to learn it from their parents? If you release a group of beavers in the wild that haven't been in contact with their parents, would... | [
"there are less aquatic animals",
"they increase with human intervention",
"their numbers will increase",
"they will remain stagnant"
] | C | as water increases in an environment , the population of aquatic animals will increase |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2016 | habitable-zone
Title: Better than Earth habitability Earth undoubtly has very good conditions for supporting life. Although it is expected that many other planets on the outer space have conditions at least as good as Earth, the vast majority doesn't, making them unhospitable to life or probably being able to support ... | [
"organisms will struggle with it",
"organisms will populate it",
"organisms will die off",
"organisms will avoid it"
] | B | as available resources increases , the population of an organism that uses those resources will increase |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2017 | entomology
Title: What is the name of this tiny creature? It looks like a tiny piece of moving cotton? By chance, I saw this tiny insect on my bag a few days ago in Sydney. Am I the first person who has pinpointed this animal?! If not can you please let me know its name? From your image, it looks like it might be a wo... | [
"a science fiction movie starring the actor Jeff Goldblum",
"a toilet seat scrubbed with baking soda and vinegar",
"a saline solution for contact lenses",
"a steak forgotten on a counter for an entire day"
] | D | the smell of rotting meat attracts flies |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2018 | quantum-mechanics, operators, measurement-problem, eigenvalue, observables
If you measure the length of a piece of paper with a ruler for example, you will not obtain a different result when you measure it again.
When you now measure a quantum system, you have two types of statistics in there. First, your particle exh... | [
"feelings",
"love",
"air",
"a phone"
] | D | a ruler is used for measuring the length of an object |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2019 | thermodynamics, water, phase-transition, phase-diagram
Title: Vaporization - phase diagram I understand what boiling and vaporization is. But what puzzles me is the phase diagram.
When I spill a glass of water in my room, it will soon vaporize, though there was normal atmospheric pressure and 20 °C. If you look in pha... | [
"explosion",
"a new step",
"it repeats",
"it ends"
] | C | a cycle happens repeatedly |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2020 | electric-circuits, electric-current, electrical-resistance, batteries, short-circuits
Title: The importance and the role of a switch in an electrical circuit There is this simple test:
Three identical bulbs are connected in the circuit illustrated in the figure. When switch $S$ is closed:
a] The brightness of $A$ and... | [
"the house is old",
"the connections get warm",
"the light is off",
"the light is broken"
] | B | electrical current running through a wire causes that wire to heat up |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2021 | air-pollution
Title: Less pollution: moving hurricane debris to other regions for use, or burning? When a big hurricane hits, it can create debris on the scale of $\mathrm{10^8 yd^3}$. Cities in Florida, Texas, and other affected areas are struggling to hire enough trucks and drivers to pick it up quickly. But aside... | [
"Solar Power Companies",
"Recycling companies",
"water production companies",
"Cleaning Companies"
] | D | processes sometimes produce waste products |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2022 | entomology, habitat
Title: Do hornets return to the same nest after winter each year? I have what I think is a hornet nest on the soffit of my house.
The nest has been removed, however, the hornets keep rebuilding. Also, they have started to swarm the sewer vent pipe (not shown in photo).
If fail to get rid of the ho... | [
"long metal rod",
"small tiger sanctuary",
"stocked provisions",
"easy dial phone"
] | C | feeders attract animals to a location |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2023 | species-identification, ornithology
Title: Help me find out what this bird is (description, no picture) A while ago I read about this bird(s) whose species status was not confirmed. This was because they had a very large distribution and birds in adjacent population could breed with each other but birds at each end of... | [
"cars",
"buildings",
"ants",
"tulips"
] | D | An example of seed dispersal is animals eating seeds |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2024 | electric-circuits, electric-current
Title: Path Of Current In A Wire Why does current follow the path of least resistance? Will all current pass through a wire with $0$ resistance in a junction leaving other resistive wires with no current?
Why does current follow the path of least resistance?
Current doesn't follo... | [
"really broken",
"singular",
"equidistant",
"slowly burning"
] | C | if electricity flows along more than one pathway then the circuit is parallel |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2025 | species-identification, botany, ecology
Title: Algae or Lichen identification. Coastal BC, Canada I have tried all books and internet resources I know of, but I still have no idea what this might be — a lichen or something else.
At first glimpse, I thought it was something man-made and unnatural, but then I looked clo... | [
"depths",
"jungles",
"arctic",
"shallows"
] | D | usually coral lives in warm water |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2026 | visible-light, sun, weather
Title: Why are clouds lighter than the sky during the day but darker at night This is probably a very basic question but I couldn't find a good answer to it, most search results are about rain clouds or clouds appearing red at night (something I've never seen except for during sunset but ap... | [
"the rain is invisible",
"the clouds are gone",
"the sky is more blue",
"the sun is less visible"
] | D | cloudy means the presence of clouds in the sky |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2027 | evolution, zoology, taxonomy, phylogenetics
The apomorphy that defines the tetrapods is "paired limbs". You have Amphibia to the left and Amniota to the right, whose apomorphy is " egg with extraembrionic membranes". Inside them, you have Reptilia, whose apomorphies are "skull with upper and lower fenestra and beta-ke... | [
"the pond out front",
"in a camp fire",
"in the turn of the air",
"dark under belly of grass"
] | A | amphibians hatch from eggs |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2028 | organic-chemistry, everyday-chemistry, experimental-chemistry, biochemistry, food-chemistry
Title: How Bread is made with yeast, sugar and luke warm milk? Materials and Apparatus:
wheat flour
sugar
dry yeast
glass bowl
covering plate
milk
Procedure:
Lukewarm milk is taken in the glass bowl and sugar is added to it.... | [
"unprocessed gluten mix",
"a thermal conductor",
"a snowboard",
"an energetic stream"
] | B | a thermal energy conductor transfers heat from hotter objects to cooler objects |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2029 | electricity
Title: Can touching a single power line (on the street) kill you? Statement: You need to touch two power lines at the same time to get electrocuted. I am kinda doubting this now because, in the video linked below, it looks like the person is only touching one line but still gets an electric shock. Is this ... | [
"muscles crumple",
"ribs guard it",
"hearts are stone",
"hearts are hollow"
] | B | the skeletal system protects internal organs |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2030 | classical-mechanics, energy, electricity
Title: Can we imagine having a computer keyboard that recharges itself through mechanical utilization? Silly question here.
I have a debate with my father, and while I am decent at high school level physics, both he and I cannot determinate through calculus which of us is wrong... | [
"ice cubes",
"money",
"wind",
"frozen apple farts"
] | C | wind is a source of energy |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2031 | power-engineering
Title: Why are hydropower plants always wheel-shaped and not flat? Question:
Why are there no flat power generators like in the picture below, that work on the surface of shallow, but steadily flowing rivers ? (As a floating micropower plant.)
The picture shows a conveyer belt with vanes/blades(?) ... | [
"unicorns",
"santas flying reindeer",
"trumps windy speeches",
"cloth on masts"
] | D | wind is a source of energy |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2032 | sun
Title: Is there an instance where the sun sets or rises partly, then return back? I am reading Longest Sunset from XKCD. At first, I've thought that he mentions these phenomena just for fun, but it turns out to me that it might happens, based on the level of somewhat seriousness that I perceive from his writing. H... | [
"30 days in January",
"28 days in February",
"every other day in April",
"every third day in May"
] | B | the sun setting occurs once per day |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2033 | botany, plant-physiology
Title: Can any plant regenerate missing tissue? I have not yet found a plant that, when an insect eats a hole in one of its leaves, it can regenerate the lost tissue. Many plants will grow a new stem if the old one is cut, but it is not a perfect regeneration, and has no likeness in form to th... | [
"to the dirt",
"to the sky",
"to the plasma",
"to the buds"
] | D | roots are a vehicle for absorbing water and nutrients from soil into the plant |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2034 | immunology, lab-techniques, flow-cytometry, cell-sorting
Without lysis, the RBCs overwhelm the cytometer, as they make up around 95% of the cells in human whole blood. White blood cells (leukocytes), on the other hand, only make up 0.1-0.2% of cells, and lymphocytes between about 15 to 50% of leukocytes.
The cell mixt... | [
"paint a fence",
"join a gang",
"tour a jail",
"pop a pustule"
] | D | white blood cell destroys pathogens in the body |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2035 | zoology, entomology, ant, sociality
Giving some reasons for their existence:
To what use is all this effort? Not, it seems, as protection from the elements. The earthworks fall apart in rain, and disintegrate when the earth is dry. Arcades are thin enough to puncture with a tap of a finger, which means a route is wea... | [
"cage",
"clock",
"tepee",
"religion"
] | C | shelter can protect humans from weather |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2036 | zoology, sensation
Title: Can animals that rely heavily on sonar sense colour? Apparently there're species around as rely heavily on sonar to sense the world around them.
E.g. Bat, Dolphin, Whale ...
The humans, and other terrestrial beings in a lighted world are capable of distinguishing colour in varying degrees of... | [
"santa claus",
"school children",
"tasty morsels",
"direction in life"
] | C | hunting requires sensing prey |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2037 | a) Assuming that the ball starts with Joan,
what is the probability that she will have it back after 2 throws?
$\begin{array}{cccc} & \text{John} & \text{Joan} & \text{Kim} \\
\text{John} & 0 & \frac{1}{3} & \frac{2}{3} \\ \\[-4mm]
\text{Joan} & \frac{1}{2} & 0 & \frac{1}{2} \\ \\[-4mm]
Then: . $A^2 \;=\;\begin{pmatr... | [
"it groans",
"it falls",
"it runs",
"it floats"
] | B | dropping something causes that something to fall |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2038 | thermodynamics, energy, power
Toyota Corolla, 13 gallon tank, 20% efficiency, 103 kWh usable energy
Tesla Roadster, 56 kWh battery capacity
Chevy Volt, 16 kWh battery capacity
If we compare a liquid Nitrogen car to the Chevy Volt it might not be so bad. But why would we do that? That car can still augment its range... | [
"eventually earning a lot of money",
"being blown up by the governor of California",
"eventually losing a lot of money",
"reporting record third quarter growth"
] | C | as the use of alternative fuels increases , the use of gasoline will decrease |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2039 | machine-learning
Title: What was going on before PAC learning I am investigating PAC learning (computational learning theory) as a beginner with no previous knowledge of machine learning / AI. I am investigating the model mainly from a historical point of view.
For this, the most important things are of course the res... | [
"long hair",
"a big nose",
"doing laundry",
"blue eyes"
] | C | doing chores is a learned characteristic |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2040 | genetics, genomics, mutations
Title: Understanding conclusions that functional regions are under negative selection? I am reading in notes for a comparative annotation lecture that :
all DNA is subject to mutations
most functional regions are under negative selection (ie., mutations are often deleterious)
The conclu... | [
"soil",
"being",
"survival knife",
"wood"
] | B | the decrease of something required by an organism has a negative impact on that organism 's survival |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2041 | biochemistry, botany, plant-physiology, photosynthesis
What are typical characteristics of different plants in this regard? I.e., how do common species of plants manage their C consumption before (and after) the development of leaves? There are quite a few questions and thoughts in there, I'll try to cover them all:
F... | [
"single celled organisms",
"humans",
"cats",
"fish"
] | A | a leaf performs photosynthesis |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2042 | statistical-mechanics, atmospheric-science, density
A limnic eruption, also referred to as a lake overturn, is a rare type of natural disaster in which dissolved carbon dioxide (CO2) suddenly erupts from deep lake waters, forming a gas cloud that can suffocate wildlife, livestock and humans. Such an eruption may also ... | [
"swell beyond it's banks",
"reverse direction of flow",
"lower it's water level",
"dry up all together"
] | A | when a body of water receives more water than it can hold , a flood occurs |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2043 | homework-and-exercises
Title: Is geothermal energy ultimately derived from solar energy? The following question is taken from 10th class science NCERT book chapter 14th.
Most of the sources of energy we use represent stored solar energy. Which of the following is not ultimately derived from the Sun’s energy?
(a) geot... | [
"jupiter",
"center of universe",
"our celestial star",
"deep space"
] | C | the sun is the source of solar energy called sunlight |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2044 | reaction-mechanism, experimental-chemistry
So, to answer the question: "which reagents in the experiment are responsible for changing the time before the colour change in the clock", the answer is H2O2 and Vitamin C. Now, while the rate-controlling step, associated with the slowest reaction is H2O2 (creating the colou... | [
"almonds",
"milk",
"citrus juice",
"olive oil"
] | C | acid can cause chemical change |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2045 | mass, terminology, matter
Title: What is the meaning of "matter" in physics? What is the meaning of matter in physics? By defining matter in terms of mass and mass in terms of matter in physics, are we not forming circular definitions? Please give a meaning of "matter" in Physics that circumvents this circularity.
W... | [
"united atoms",
"sound",
"feelings",
"bonds of friendship"
] | A | matter is made of molecules |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2046 | electrostatics, electricity, water, everyday-life, air
Title: The Ultimate Hand Dryer I have come across many hand dryers that attempt to dry your hands really fast after you wash them. Here are two of them:
XLERATOR
http://www.exceldryer.com/
Dyson Airblade
http://www.dysonairblade.com/homepage.asp
So I guess I have ... | [
"growth",
"money",
"carbs",
"hotness"
] | D | a hand dryer produces heat |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2047 | everyday-chemistry, water, absorption
Fig. B is complete speculation on my part as I did not return to the home during Winter to observe it. However in Spring when I returned, all of the tubs had experienced a change in their appearance.
All the tubs were now dry again, presumably down to evaporation due to increasin... | [
"decompose",
"collapse",
"contract",
"expand"
] | D | when water freezes , that water expands |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2048 | homework-and-exercises, forces, kinematics
Title: Homework Question Transformation Energy A $1400kg$ car is approaching the hill shown in the figure at $14.0m/s$ when it suddenly runs out of gas.
What is the car's speed after coasting down the other side?
I think I have to use this equation
$mg(\Delta h)=\frac 12 m(... | [
"an available electrical outlet",
"A product derived from oil",
"a clean solar panel",
"a new set of spark plugs"
] | B | oil is a source of gasoline |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2049 | physical-chemistry, analytical-chemistry, crystal-structure, materials
Why can't "automated machining" match the precision of (assuming the
alternative) "machining by hand"?
In the polishing phase is not only a matter of precision but rather on adapting to the changes of surface. Expert polishers are incredibly wel... | [
"absorb light energy",
"redirect light energy",
"attract shadows",
"shatter"
] | B | shiny things reflect light |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2050 | entomology
Title: What is the name of this tiny creature? It looks like a tiny piece of moving cotton? By chance, I saw this tiny insect on my bag a few days ago in Sydney. Am I the first person who has pinpointed this animal?! If not can you please let me know its name? From your image, it looks like it might be a wo... | [
"food",
"reek",
"computer",
"title"
] | B | a skunk produces a bad odor |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2051 | visible-light, scattering, atmospheric-science, sun
It's tricky to figure out what it's a shadow of, but straight lines in the sky like this are almost always shadows of land features.
See this similar photo where the shadows are attributed to a thunderhead, in line with your suggestion about the shadow coming from a ... | [
"UFOs",
"planes",
"sleet",
"tsunami"
] | C | grey clouds are a source of precipitation |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2052 | zoology, behaviour, mammals, rodents
Title: Why do Guinea Pigs chirp / sing? Ok, so this appears to be quite a mystery. Me and my girlfriend have 2 Guinea Pigs, 1 male and 1 female.
My girlfriend once picked up the female one and took her outside into our garden. The Guinea got scared for some unknown reason and jump... | [
"a new toy",
"a pet puppy",
"slop",
"a warm bath"
] | C | an animal requires nutrients to grow and heal |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2053 | entomology
Title: Constantly wiggling moth pupa - will it emerge soon? Today I found a moth pupa in the soil in my garden in western Sweden. It's about 15 mm long.
I have found similar ones before, but this one is wiggling a lot more, even after I put it down and put a bit of dirt over it. It's been moving for more t... | [
"sex",
"shape",
"species",
"religion"
] | B | a moth undergoes metamorphosis |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2054 | species-identification, zoology, ornithology
Title: Identification by tail feather I saw the remains of a bird today I did not recognize, and it was pretty mangled so it was hard to describe it. It was about the size of a robin. However, it had a dark brown mottled body like nothing I have ever seen. I have included b... | [
"find the mother of its future children",
"attract a plane to rescue them",
"find a good source of food",
"become famous in movies"
] | A | coloration is used to find a mate by some animals |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2055 | ecology, population-dynamics, ecosystem, antipredator-adaptation, predation
I would also like to talk about other things that might be of interest in your model (two of them need you to allow evolutionary processes in your model):
1) lineage selection: predators that eat too much end up disappearing because they cause... | [
"it has insufficient money to buy food",
"all the greenery was burned in a fire",
"all of the rabbit's prey has disappeared",
"all the other rabbits shun it"
] | B | an animal requires enough nutrients to survive |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2056 | mass, astrophysics, neutron-stars, white-dwarfs
Title: Why is the least massive neutron star less massive than the most massive white dwarf? Martinez et al. (2015) gives an example of a neutron star with mass as low as $1.17M_\odot$ (solar masses).
There is also the recent discovery of this candidate neutron star whic... | [
"the Earth",
"the moon",
"the sun",
"the solar system"
] | B | the earth has more mass than the moon |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2057 | meteorology, climate-change, gas, pollution
If you are interested in Greenhouse Gases (e.g. methane, carbon dioxide, CFCs, nitrous oxide), the EPA has a separate site for those emissions since they are not part of the same regulatory framework http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/ghgemissions/ . Greenhouse gases typical... | [
"clowns",
"happy dogs",
"fertilizer sickness",
"cats"
] | C | runoff contains fertilizer from cropland |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2058 | temperature, light, heat
Title: Why does sunburn cause fever? Today I found out that sunburns can cause fever.
What I don't understand is how/why? In my understanding fever is the side effect of an immune reaction against an intruder, mainly bacteria (though I admit I can be wrong).
Google searches like "can sunburn c... | [
"water to turn to vapor in a process called condensation",
"water to melt in a process called condensation",
"water to turn to vapor in a process called evaporation",
"water to melt in a process called abomination"
] | C | evaporation is when water is drawn back up into the air in the water cycle |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2059 | species-identification, zoology, bone-biology, bone
Title: What is this bone from? This object showed up on my fire escape in New York city. It appears to be some kind of bone. It's a bit smaller than an adult human hand. What animal is it from? Given the size and thin/elongated ilia as well as the urban location, I t... | [
"a polar bear in the jungle habitat",
"a zebra in the arctic zone",
"an alligator in the petting zoo",
"a snake under a hot lamp"
] | D | some animals live in zoo exhibits |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2060 | \tag{2}$$ Combining $(1)$ & $(2)$, we obtain $(\star)$.
The following is multiple choice question (with options) to answer.
A successful combination of things is | [
"tomatoes and peppers",
"nylon and carpet",
"milk and honey",
"sand and socks"
] | C | An example of combining two substances is pouring one substance into the other substance |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2061 | How about this? There is a 30% chance you'll go to New York and a 100% chance you'll go to the Empire State Building if you go to New York (because why else would you go to New York? kidding...). Does this mean there's a 100% chance you'll go to the Empire State Building? Well, since you have to go to NY to go to the E... | [
"less day light",
"less rain",
"less weather",
"less moonlight"
] | A | when the season changes , the amount of daylight will change |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2062 | fluid-dynamics, differential-equations
Title: Flow around a rock in a river: which differential equation? I'm a canoist, so I know that when I go with my kayak behind a rock in a river, I feel a current that is opposite to the river current.
I'm also I student mathematician, so I would like to see this phenomenon fro... | [
"at the zoo",
"on the mountainside",
"on the prairie",
"on flat land"
] | B | the slope of the land causes a river to flow in a particular direction |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2063 | javascript, object-oriented, design-patterns, simulation
draw() {
const imageData = this.ctx.getImageData(0, 0, this.ctx.canvas.width, this.ctx.canvas.height);
const data = imageData.data;
for (let x = 0; x < this.width; x++) {
for (let y = 0; y < this.height; y++) {
... | [
"eating cheese",
"marrying",
"defecating",
"building ships"
] | C | all living things eliminate waste |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2064 | carbon-cycle, biogeochemistry, carbon, limestone
The rate of this process is dependent on how much energy you are prepared to throw at it. A fleet of several thousand nuclear reactors running 24/7 on this problem would do it.
Burial
Well, brute force sounds a bit expensive.. so we can try the approach mentioned by Jac... | [
"height",
"compression",
"gravity",
"steel"
] | B | shale can be metamorphosed into slate by increased pressure |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2065 | meteorology, geomorphology, climatology, atmospheric-circulation
Source Commons Wikipedia.
The cold waters near the ocean surface results in a cool, stable coastal atmosphere. In this region, evaporation from the ocean is reduced and produces extremely low rainfall over land. Precipitation is limited to morning fog an... | [
"the arctic tundra",
"the Gobi Desert",
"the Salton Sea",
"the rain forest"
] | B | a desert environment is dry |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2066 | forces, centrifugal-force
Title: MotoGP motorcycles lift front wheel while exiting curve I've seen multiple times now in MotoGP that motorcycles were leaving a curve, and because of the acceleration the front wheel is slightly leaving the ground. But at the same time they were still leaning to the inside of the curve,... | [
"make it stop",
"speed it up",
"slow it down",
"blow it up"
] | B | force causes the speed of an object to increase |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2067 | thermodynamics, food
Title: Boiling Pasta resulting in a Torus like shape? I noticed when I was boiling pasta the other day that the pasta uniformly spread out and formed a donut like torus. Why does this happen? Does it have to do with the shape of the pot? I tried to take a picture when it was boiling, but steam got... | [
"salty taste",
"water smell",
"bubble production",
"cool water"
] | C | boiling is when liquids are heated above their boiling point |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2068 | special-relativity, waves, speed-of-light, acoustics, relative-motion
Title: Can sound be faster than 300m/s? If you sit in a car and it's driving $300{m \over s}$ and you clap your hands for a very very short sound, will it's wave be $600{m \over s}$ fast, because it adds the speed of the car?
Or will it be $300{m \... | [
"the world's fastest bird",
"the world's fastest sprinter",
"the light from a flashlight",
"an extremely loud audio signal"
] | C | a flashlight emits light |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2069 | co2, oxygen
Title: Could earth run out of O2? Death in a closed environment due to lack of O2 is actually not that bad:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kUfF2MTnqAw
And as far as I know as we are cutting down our life saving woods and jungles less $O_2$ is being produced and more $CO_2$ is not converted back to $O_2$.
... | [
"nuclear power plants",
"dogs",
"motorcycles",
"bodies"
] | C | forming fossil fuels requires decaying vegetation |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2070 | entomology, invertebrates
Title: Selection for less efficient egg transfer in Human Botfly life cycle I have heard that the Human Botfly transfers its eggs through other invertebrates, and it strikes my curiosity that if an insect could simply land on its host directly to deposit its eggs, then why have intermediate h... | [
"beads",
"assistance",
"shopping",
"patients"
] | B | seed production requires pollination |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2071 | thermodynamics, temperature, thermal-radiation, equilibrium
Note that although the emissivity does not affect the equilibrium temperature it does affect the speed that the object attains equilibrium. The higher the emissivity the faster the object will reach equilibrium. So while your two objects are warming up they w... | [
"it pants",
"it finds water",
"it sweats",
"it shirts"
] | A | panting is when an animal hangs its tongue out of its mouth to adjust to hot temperatures |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2072 | python, game, adventure-game, python-2.x
def CraftingList():
print ">>> Crafting List <<<"
print "1. Tinder: 1 x Wood > 3 x Tinder"
print "2. String: 1 x Plant Fibre > 1 x String"
print "3. String: 1 x Dead Grass > 1 x String"
print "4. String: 1 x Cloth > 2 x String"
print "5. Cloth: 1 x Cloth... | [
"bronze",
"plastic",
"denim",
"logs"
] | D | if something is a raw material then that something comes directly from a source |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2073 | acid-base, redox
As you can see, there is no sudden catastrophe as the second proton becomes more acidic than the first. As the second ionisation becomes more favourable, it smoothly and continuously suppresses the formation of $\ce{HA-}$ . Something nice does happen at the crossover point, where $\mathrm{pK_{a_1} = p... | [
"putting it in a tree",
"making it pay rent",
"setting it on fire",
"looking at it through a mirror"
] | C | chemical reactions cause chemical change |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2074 | java, swing, audio, music
System.out.print(" (" + finalNote + ")\n");
playNote(finalNote, Integer.parseInt(instrumentChoice.getText()));
}
}
There are at least three things going on here...
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
Object source = e.getSource();
if (source instanceof JB... | [
"think about a piano",
"hold a paper towel tube",
"flick a taut rubber band",
"look at a table"
] | C | An example of playing a musical instrument is hitting the keys of a piano |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2075 | laser, glass, laser-interaction, fluorescence
Title: Mechanism causing red fluorescence from green (532nm) laser in household glass Background / Experiment
I was surprised by this toot by @gigabecquerel, where the author shows red fluorescence in the thick bottom of a (drink) glass when exposed to a cheap consumer-gra... | [
"cleaning a glass",
"juggling stones",
"playing with felines",
"doing the dishes"
] | C | a laser is used for producing light |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2076 | physical-chemistry, inorganic-chemistry, everyday-chemistry, thermodynamics
Title: Strange observation! Every one have observed that when we pour cool water into a transparent glass (or simply glass), some droplets accumulate on the outside part. Did the droplets come pass through the glass? If they didn't, why is the... | [
"warms",
"freezes",
"dies",
"chills"
] | D | if a hot object is touches a cold substance then that substance will likely cool |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2077 | radiation
You see similar things happening here. The metal rod at the top of the lamp acts as a capacitive ground - given the very high voltage, a tiny charge will flow from the tip of the filament to the rod. There is a small amount of gas in the tube which is ionized and gives rise to the light you see. The electron... | [
"sky",
"cave",
"ocean",
"tree trunk"
] | A | the sun is a source of heat called sunlight |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2078 | zoology, experimental
Title: Fish "coming back to life" after being frozen I've encountered a clip on Youtube showing a goldfish thrown in liquid nitrogen and immediately after to normal water and swimming normally. In the explanation to the clip it says:
For everyone that is worried about the goldfish, it survived a... | [
"iced coffee",
"snow",
"bears",
"Pluto"
] | C | if a living thing becomes too cold then that living thing will die |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2079 | atmosphere, ocean, hydrology, climate-change
Comment: I strongly endorse the use of wind and hydropower as sources of energy over the further use of fossil fuels. However, I still think it is important to do research into the actual renewability of presumed-renewable energy sources, as we don't want to end up with ano... | [
"solar energy",
"water source",
"hydrocarbon gas mixture",
"wind power"
] | C | natural gas is a nonrenewable resource |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2080 | thermodynamics, temperature, everyday-life, phase-transition, humidity
Title: Steam from a cup of coffee I observed that, in winter there is more visible steam from a cup of coffee than in summer. Is there any phenomenon taking place here. The amount of water that air can take up before the water creates fog or visibl... | [
"gather",
"file",
"burn",
"stem"
] | A | clouds are formed by water vapor rising and condensing |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2081 | $7|61$ gives $61=7\cdot 8 +5$
He would have 5 cows left over. So 61 can't be an answer
5. Hello, swimalot!
A cowboy was asked how many cows were on the ranch.
He replied that he was unsure, but he knew that when he counted them
by twos, threes, fours, fives, or sixes, he always had one left over.
When counted by sev... | [
"burn the corn",
"grow less corn",
"plant several acres",
"remove some cows"
] | C | as the use of a crop increases , the amount of crops planted will increase |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2082 | radiation
Title: Why can sunlight heat an object on the other side of glass? Q1. Why can sunlight heat an object on the other side of glass, but normal light from a CFL or Incandescent Light bulb can't.
Q2. Do they make a light bulb that can do this? I need to increase the tempature and objects inside a glass tank.
I'... | [
"a clear solar panel",
"a black solar panel",
"a white solar panel",
"an invisible solar panel"
] | B | absorbing sunlight causes objects to heat |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2083 | optics, visible-light
Title: Any scientific basis behind Thoreau's Stacked Shadows? In Walden Henry David Thoreau states,
Sometimes, when the ice was covered with shallow puddles, I saw a double shadow of myself, one standing on the head of the other, one on the ice, the other on the trees or hillside.
This was in a... | [
"9am",
"12pm",
"12am",
"2pm"
] | B | the sun is located directly overhead at noon |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2084 | fluid-dynamics, pressure
There are other sources of energy which could conceivable be used in a siphon-like experiment. One possible candidate is surface tension.
If the surface tension of a fluid is strong enough then it might in principle be able to overcome gravity. You would need a liquid that can form large drops... | [
"feeds your dog",
"foretells the future",
"tastes like milk",
"makes cars move"
] | D | oil is a source of gasoline |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2085 | genetics
Title: Arguments against incest Incest is forbidden in most countries because if there is a genetic disease in the family the child of a incestuous relationship will be at least holder of the gene of that disease. But lets say the members of a family dont have a genetic disease and are not holders of any gen... | [
"many freckles",
"new songs",
"big pizzas",
"silly faces"
] | A | reproduction is when an organism passes genetic information from itself to its offspring |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2086 | That would be a total of 5x30 + 3x40 + 2x60 = 390 plants (with an arbitrary factor that we'll set to 1 without loss of generality).
The amount of highbush is 5x30 = 150.
The amount of lowbush is 3x40 = 120.
The amount of hybrid is 2x60 = 120.
If the opossums didn't care, they would likely eat blueberries in this ratio... | [
"a sparrow",
"a lobster",
"a tiger",
"a walrus"
] | A | birds sometimes eat berries |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2087 | cell-biology, organelle
Title: Univocal identifying of a plant cell We yesterday got our biology-exams back and there's one exercise where I don't agree with my teacher. However, since he is the expert and not me, I need the support of external sources, i.e. experts in order to justify my statement.
Now in the exerc... | [
"carnations",
"sparrows",
"stones",
"feathers"
] | A | a plant cell contains chloroplasts |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2088 | ecology, population-dynamics, ecosystem, antipredator-adaptation, predation
I would also like to talk about other things that might be of interest in your model (two of them need you to allow evolutionary processes in your model):
1) lineage selection: predators that eat too much end up disappearing because they cause... | [
"live longer",
"boom in population",
"do the same",
"eat trees"
] | C | as population of prey decreases , the population of predators will decrease |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2089 | geology, geothermal-heat, mapping, natural-conditions, underground-water
If you are in a desert climate, you may be able to do something similar on a smaller scale. Under a calm clear sky, you can often get frost on the side of an insulator facing the dark sky at night. Modifying this idea, create a large bottom ins... | [
"hot",
"solid",
"quenching",
"gaseous"
] | B | freezing point means temperature at which a liquid freezes |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2090 | newtonian-mechanics, estimation
Would the rock have created a seismic event of its own (if so, how large)?
Would the rock have created a crater? The energy of the rock at the time of hitting the earth is mgh.
No rock we know of is going to be able to survive this collision with out breaking into pieces.
Non the less i... | [
"tall areas",
"wet rivers",
"large trees",
"grassy yards"
] | A | the Himalayas were formed by rock folding |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2091 | solutions, vapor-pressure
Title: If some particles of liquid in a solution convert to vapour then why can't some liquid particles convert to solid? I was reading about the vaporisation of liquid when I came across the following statement.
The average energy of the particles in a liquid is governed by the
temperatur... | [
"it is baked",
"it is frozen",
"it is dampened",
"it is dyed"
] | A | melting point means temperature above which a solid melts |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2092 | algorithm, go, concurrency, dining-philosophers
// reserve a slot in the channel for eating
// if channel buffer is full, this is blocked until channel space is released
pPhilo.host.requestChannel <- pPhilo
pPhilo.numEat++
fmt.Printf("starting to eat %d for %d time\n", pPhilo.idx, pPhi... | [
"causes massive weight loss",
"causes the number on the scale to go up",
"boosts the immune system",
"causes the number on the scale to go down"
] | B | as the amount of food an animal eats increases , the weight of that animal will increase |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2093 | species-identification, zoology, bone-biology, bone
Title: What is this bone from? This object showed up on my fire escape in New York city. It appears to be some kind of bone. It's a bit smaller than an adult human hand. What animal is it from? Given the size and thin/elongated ilia as well as the urban location, I t... | [
"looks tiny when nearer",
"is minuscule in person",
"looks more sizable after approaching",
"looks smaller up close"
] | C | if an object is close then that object will appear large |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2094 | 4. A contractor estimated that his 10-man crew could complete the construction in 110 days if there was no rain. (Assume the crew does not work on any rainy day and rain is the only factor that can deter the crew from working). However, on the 61-st day, after 5 days of rain, he hired 6 more people and finished the pro... | [
"everywhere",
"missing",
"in short supply",
"rare"
] | A | as the amount of rainfall increases in an area , the amount of available water in that area will increase |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2095 | fusion, renewable-energy
An energy "breakthrough" would be a loaded development. We already use lots of energy, and if we found it economic to use more we probably would. The last breakthrough shift in our ability to exploit energy resources rocketed the entire planet into a new geological era, the Anthropocene. We... | [
"cats eating mice",
"forests becoming lakes",
"clouds raining",
"deer running"
] | B | An example of a change in the Earth is an ocean becoming a wooded area |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2096 | species-identification, botany
Title: Identification of a plant Please help me to identify this plant
The plants can be found on italian balconies and I would like to buy one, but I do not know what I should look for.
The habit of the plant is trailing. This is likely to be a stone plant (Aizoaceae), depending on hab... | [
"to be dried and preserved",
"a certain climate to boom",
"a bucket of ice water",
"to be buried in snow"
] | B | a plant requires a specific climate to grow and survive |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2097 | entomology, ethology, habitat
Title: Preferred criteria for new bee colony location As a human I want a house with a roof, indoor plumbing, bug free, and make my wife happy. I don't want to drive too far to work, and it has to be well-suited for offspring.
What are the criteria that define a "good spot" for a new loc... | [
"tumbleweeds",
"plastic flowers",
"products of flowers",
"painted colors"
] | C | bees convert nectar into honey |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2098 | everyday-chemistry, cleaning, minerals
Once you've got the crystal to the cleanliness you're happy with, you can polish it with powdered polish and a cloth, given time.
If instead of nice, angular crystals you're just trying to produce something like a smooth, rounded stone, after cleaning with water you can use a ser... | [
"a riverbank",
"the cliffs",
"the desert",
"the mountains"
] | A | contact between rocks over long periods of time causes rocks to smooth |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2099 | angular-momentum, momentum, conservation-laws, collision, moment
This explanation has been misinterpreted:
If cutting off the zombie's head is an inelastic collision that
requires the greatest transfer of momentum/energy, then clearly this
will be achieved if the sword stops moving completely at the end of
the ... | [
"drops a rock",
"lifts a dog",
"picks up shoes",
"sings a song"
] | A | An example of hitting something is dropping an object onto that something |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2100 | the-sun, orbit, planet, earth
Is the spiraling movement caused by sun movement (on its path shown
above) where the sun is dragging the earth (and other planets)?
No, the Sun's and the Earth's mutual gravity cause the Earth to rotate around the Sun. The Milky Way's gravity causes our Solar System to revolve around th... | [
"the moon",
"the oceans",
"celestial bodies",
"the sun"
] | C | the Earth revolving around the sun causes stars to appear in different areas in the sky at different times of year |
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