source
string
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OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-2101
physiology, ichthyology Salmon use to deal with the NaCl fluxes driven by the gradients between the salmon and its surroundings. In their gill epithelial cells, salmon have a special enzyme that hydrolyzes ATP and uses the released energy to actively transport both Na+ and Cl- against their concentration gradients. In...
[ "tips", "noses", "neck slits", "wings" ]
C
gills are used for breathing water by aquatic animals
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-2102
fluid-dynamics, aerodynamics, lift, scaling Title: Is flying really easier on smaller scales? In the book Playing with Planets, the author makes the following argument, pertinent to flying robots of the future: As it is, an important law of physics says that smaller organisms fly much more easily than larger ones. T...
[ "twenty four pounds", "ten pounds", "seventeen pounds", "twelve pounds" ]
A
as the weight of an animal decreases , that animal will fly more easily
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-2103
ecology, population-dynamics, ecosystem, antipredator-adaptation, predation I would also like to talk about other things that might be of interest in your model (two of them need you to allow evolutionary processes in your model): 1) lineage selection: predators that eat too much end up disappearing because they cause...
[ "a plastic tree", "a long-dead stump", "a new sprout", "an old oak" ]
D
a tree is a source of food for animals in an ecosystem
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-2104
soil An analogous hypothesis proposed by RUSSEL3 for increases in the number of bacteria after partial sterilization by heat, frost, or other means is that by such partial sterilization the protozoa are killed, thus permitting the unhindered development of bacteria which under normal conditions is held in check by pro...
[ "see", "stand", "sense", "flourish" ]
D
an animal being born when food is available has a positive impact on that animal 's health
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-2105
If the question is asking for the probability that either of the two cows is 2-coloured, we have $$P(\text {1 cow is 2-coloured | both visible sides are black}) = \frac{P(\text {1 cow is 2-coloured and other is black}) \times P(\text {the black side of the 2-coloured cow is seen})}{P(\text{both visible sides are black...
[ "into his eyes", "into the moon", "into the sun", "into a bucket" ]
A
eyes are used for seeing by animals by sensing light
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-2106
immunology, cancer Figure 7. Cancer immunoediting. (7). So just to clarify at the end, there probably isn't a case where the immune system isn't responding at all unless you had chemotherapy that destroyed your immune system. Inflammatory environments alone are sufficient for your immune cells to at least check out th...
[ "fake vitamin C", "green gummy bears", "unconscious time", "computer time" ]
C
a human requires sleep to be healthy
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-2107
phase More generically, if one was to apply enough pressure to a gas to make it a solid at room temperature and then remove the pressure, would it stay in the solid form? Instantly? Just like if you go outdoors when the temperature is below zero (centigrade) you freeze instantly? Are you from a location where temperat...
[ "a soda can", "a brick wall", "aluminum foil", "a paint can" ]
B
brick is an electrical insulator
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-2108
species-identification Title: What is this (water-loving) bug? For some time we've been finding these little fellows in our apartment: They seem harmless enough, but finding them is a bit... annoying. I found the fellow above in the bathtub, and it's not uncommon to find more than one. Unfortunately, some started to ...
[ "moles", "lizards", "eagles", "sardines" ]
A
living underground can be used for hiding from predators
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-2109
exoplanet It's probably possible to have volcanic eruptions even though dozens or maybe even hundreds of miles of exotic ice because the heat has to go somewhere, eventually, assing it's likely to build up over time, so either by circulation of eruption, the heat has push through at some point. This even happens on s...
[ "birds may be thinking", "lone land mass develops", "musical notes are heard", "fish are buried in sand" ]
B
an island is formed by lava being released on the ocean floor over time
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-2110
java, random case 2: return " with little to no vegitation, imports are what this town lives on."; case 3: return " and is full of fertile land, the farmers here are prosperous."; case 4: return " under the protection of large mountains and rought terrain; lining the horizon."; case...
[ "time's passage", "light rain", "cloudy days", "gentle singing" ]
A
soil is formed by rocks eroding
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-2111
meteorology, clouds, weather-satellites Title: Great Lakes - cookie cutter clouds On 2014-07-10, in the afternoon, the GOES East satellite image in the visible showed a mass of cloud in central North America. However, in the middle, the Great Lakes stood out in a most extraordinary way, since they were almost complete...
[ "sink", "burn", "melt", "precipitate" ]
D
precipitation is when snow fall from clouds to the Earth
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-2112
evolution, ecology, natural-selection, adaptation Title: What are Some Classical Examples of Local Adaptation? Question Can you please give a list of classical (textbook) examples of local adaptations? How to answer Examples don't necessarily need to include what evidence supports this specific example of local adapt...
[ "when flocks relocate", "when deer breed", "when geese honk", "when mice scurry" ]
A
An example of migration is birds flying south in the winter
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-2113
photosynthesis, respiration, ecosystem, decomposition Maybe you should study the metabolic processes of plants and life in general to better understand this. All life consists of chemical reactions that build up structures; in order to build them up you need energy (because of the second law of thermodynamics), and al...
[ "carbon dioxide", "the closest star", "blood", "oxygen" ]
B
the sun is the source of energy for life on Earth
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-2114
star, observational-astronomy Title: Setting of stars In the book Thinking Physics by Lewis Caroll I came accross the following exercise: Using a good digital watch, get the exact time when a bright star goes behind a distant building or tower. A day later time the disappearance again. Sighting over a nail fixed in a...
[ "moon rotation", "human planet rotation", "moons gravity", "global warming" ]
B
the moon 's surface contains highlands
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-2115
meteorology, clouds, weather-satellites Title: Great Lakes - cookie cutter clouds On 2014-07-10, in the afternoon, the GOES East satellite image in the visible showed a mass of cloud in central North America. However, in the middle, the Great Lakes stood out in a most extraordinary way, since they were almost complete...
[ "many visitors", "ice pillars", "large mice", "snow clouds" ]
B
some deep lakes are formed by glaciers
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-2116
zoology Capybara, rabbits, hamsters and other related species do not have a complex ruminant digestive system. Instead they extract more nutrition from grass by giving their food a second pass through the gut. Soft fecal pellets of partially digested food are excreted and generally consumed immediately. Consuming thes...
[ "whiskers", "toes", "tail", "areola" ]
D
a mammal usually nurses its young
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-2117
climate-change, geography, rivers, rainfall, agriculture Today Climate change and its consequences are some of the biggest challenges facing Humanity, with water scarcity being the big factor in Sub-Sahara Africa. By Ultimately raising the Rainfall in the entire Southern Africa, through the managed and controlled fill...
[ "rice", "corn", "coffee", "beans" ]
B
as ability to transport food increases around the world , the available types of food in distant locations will increase
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-2118
geology, geography, satellite-oddities Title: Round structure in southern United States Assuming here might be someone who knows something about this, I wanted to ask what is behind this round structure I have spotted today on Google Earth: There seems to be a large (~200 km), nearly perfect half-circle covering the ...
[ "the bottom of a pond", "where water continuously moves sand and small rocks downstream", "a school play area", "a car manufacturing plant" ]
B
a sandbar is formed by water moving sediment downstream
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-2119
entomology, habitat Title: Do hornets return to the same nest after winter each year? I have what I think is a hornet nest on the soffit of my house. The nest has been removed, however, the hornets keep rebuilding. Also, they have started to swarm the sewer vent pipe (not shown in photo). If fail to get rid of the ho...
[ "the corpse is glowing", "the corpse is decomposed", "the corpse is melted", "the corpse is flying" ]
B
dead organisms rot
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-2120
= ",Count[Drop[branches,gen],_Real,\[Infinity]]/4" ""     ""Length = ",SetAccuracy[Count[Drop[branches,gen],_Real,\[Infinity]]/4*(Norm[{{pt1[[1]],0.5},{0,0}}]^gen),3]}],18],Gray],{2.3,-1.8}]},{Inset[Style[Text@TraditionalForm@Style[Row[{"Polynomial Trees       by Bernat Espigulé"}],18],Gray, Opacity[0.4]],{2.3,-2}]}},P...
[ "for newspapers to go to print", "for bakeries to have a yeast supply", "for restaurants to have stryofoam containers", "for schools to have chalk" ]
A
creating paper requires cutting down trees
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-2121
geography, earth-system, astronomy, orbit, geodesy (the vertical axis is logarithmic) We can see that around 10 km away from the subsolar point, ~10 meters are enough to be closer than it to the Sun. ~30 meters at 20 km, ~800 meters at 100 km, ~3,000 m at 200 km, and if you go further than 340 km, not even Mount Evere...
[ "a dwarf star", "a satellite", "a black hole", "a planet" ]
B
the moon is the celestial object that is closest to the Earth
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-2122
thermodynamics Title: Insulating container in real life Is it possible to practically build a perfectly insulating container? If not, what's the best way to build one? By perfectly I mean no heat is trasferred over an infinite amount of time. As Harish Chandra Rajpoot removed his answer instead of rectifying to: "No, ...
[ "a piece of paper", "a log of wood", "a beehive covered in wax", "a statically charged shirt" ]
C
wax is an electrical energy insulator
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-2123
photosynthesis, respiration, ecosystem, decomposition Maybe you should study the metabolic processes of plants and life in general to better understand this. All life consists of chemical reactions that build up structures; in order to build them up you need energy (because of the second law of thermodynamics), and al...
[ "a paper clip pile", "a murder of crows", "a large elephant statue", "a sunny park bench" ]
B
living things require respiration to use energy
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-2124
career Title: Data science career problems: interaction of technical and social difficulties I have been trying to break into the bioinformatics space (and now, data science more generally). Although there are numerous challenges in this field and I am constantly learning to deal with them, I have have found the most ...
[ "at home", "sight seeing", "viewing things", "on vacation" ]
C
scientists make observations
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-2125
meteorology, severe-weather The lack of rich low-level moisture is due in large part to the lack of accessibility from warmer moisture sources, particularly the Gulf of Mexico; the Rockies provide a barrier to much of the moisture reaching further west. As you note, parts of Wyoming and Montana do see supercells and t...
[ "a tundra without water", "a desert without water", "a house without water", "a lake without water" ]
D
drought means available water decreases in an environment
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-2126
ecology, behaviour, sociality, predation, community-ecology Title: How selective are wolves about the size of their prey? For an animal that lives and hunts socially like a wolf, is there a lower threshold to the size of prey items they will hunt? A pack wouldn't have much trouble with catching say a rabbit, but would...
[ "a rabbit", "a deer", "a skunk", "a baby moose" ]
C
a skunk produces a bad odor
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-2127
rocks, remote-sensing, archaeology, ground-truth Together, #1, #2, and #3 tell us that it's probably early summer just after the river ice has broken up. The tooth-like features in the left image are simply erosional remnants sticking out of the riverbank. They could be bedrock (not likely), ice wedges, unmelted perm...
[ "in a closet", "in a pond", "in a spaceship", "in a satellite" ]
B
nature is the source of natural resources
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-2128
features and so on unnecesary! Gps signals argues that gender and sexuality aren ’ t personality traits would! Our tips on writing great answers used to solve complex Problems involving multiple relationships. Given pre-approval for credit transfer © 2020 Stack Exchange Inc ; user contributions licensed under cc by-sa ...
[ "rabbits always eat producers", "plants eat rabbits which eat plants", "rabbits eat plants which eat plants", "plants eat plants which eat plants" ]
A
a consumer can not produce its own food
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-2129
Suppose A and B are statements of interest. Suppose we want to say in a short sentence that “whenever A is true, B is true, and that when A is false, we do not claim anything about the truth of B”. We use the word “implies” and state for short that “A is true implies B is true”, and mean the truth relations in the trut...
[ "Brittney can receive minerals by standing in the sunlight", "Ted can receive calories by standing in sunlight", "Jeff can receive protein from sunlight", "Kelly can receive vitamins by soaking up sunny rays" ]
D
Vitamin D heals bones
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-2130
light, history, speed % WaaeaacaaIXaGaey4kaSYaaSaaaeaacqqHuoarcaWGwbaabaGaam4q % aaaaaiaawIcacaGLPaaacaWGMbWaaSbaaSqaaiaad+gaaeqaaaaa!3BBB! $$ I hashed through the numbers myself and I got an answer of about 10 minutes more or less from 42 hours depending on which way the earth is heading with reference to Jupiter. Ol...
[ "half an hour", "15 seconds", "half a minute", "one nanosecond" ]
A
the Earth rotating on its axis causes the sun to appear to move across the sky during the day
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-2131
reproduction Title: Why are so many species reproducing late this year? Hope this question is OK for this site, couldn't see where else to ask it. We've spent a few days out in the countryside recently, and have been very surprised at how many species appear to have very young offspring so late in the season. I was al...
[ "a stage of maturity", "a concert on stage", "a stage of denial", "a staging of hosts" ]
A
reproduction is a stage in the life cycle process
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-2132
botany, plant-physiology Title: Are fairy rings documented as a growth pattern in ferns? I planted an Onoclea sensibilis, a single plant, in my garden. After the first season, there was signs that a fairy ring was forming. A few years later it was mostly complete, but then was obscured in the following years by the gr...
[ "dog food", "houseplant food", "cat food", "planted food" ]
B
food is a source of energy for plants
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-2133
electricity, electric-circuits, electric-current I was wearing flip flops from the time I stripped off my neoprene wet suit at the car until the time I started getting shocked (my wife was wearing Birkenstocks). I had been snorkeling for about an hour in the Pacific Ocean wearing a full body wet-suit, booties, and gl...
[ "a cold front had moved into the area", "The pond had drained into an underground river", "There was a lot of algae on the pond's surface", "It had rained the night before" ]
A
freezing causes a solid to form
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-2134
python, game, adventure-game, python-2.x itemscanbeobtained.append('Bait') itemscanbeobtained.append('Bird Nest') for i in range(random.randint(0, 3)): retlist.append(random.choice(itemscanbeobtained)) return retlist The following is multiple choice question (with options) to answe...
[ "wing", "teeth", "beak", "leg" ]
C
a beak is used for catching prey by some birds
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-2135
the-moon, moon-phases Title: Red cresent moon Yesterday night i witnessed something very strange when i looked outside the window. I saw the moon (crescent) but it was dull red and right on the horizon ,which is strange considering that it is usually on the upper right of the night sky and white in colour. On further ...
[ "locale", "rate", "fullness", "scent" ]
C
a different moon phase occurs once per week
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-2136
zoology, ecology, population-biology, ecosystem, predation Title: Predator prey interaction I went through a line in my textbook which read: "But for predators, prey species could achieve very high population densities and cause ecosystem instability." I was not able to understand the meaning 'but for predators'. Ca...
[ "grizzly bear", "moose", "salmon", "lobster" ]
A
predators eat other animals
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-2137
organic-chemistry, physical-chemistry, biochemistry, alcohols Title: Storage of Urine Not all may be favorable to this project, but I will explain what I am trying to do. I work at home, and instead of walking a moderate distance to the bathroom and loosing my focus, I've been, at times, peeing in a 3 Quart Poland Spr...
[ "a breeze", "a tree", "a river", "a snowbank" ]
A
wind is an inexhaustible resource
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-2138
geology, geophysics, core Title: How long until Earth's core solidifies? How much longer does Earth have until the core turns solid? Does global warming change these estimates at all? Global warming has to do with the surface only, and at best involves changes of 20 degrees at the outside extreme, in comparison to the...
[ "Plastic Bottles", "Happiness", "Love", "Sadness" ]
A
natural events usually cause changes to Earth 's surface
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-2139
##### Motivating Questions • In a setting where a situation is described for which optimal parameters are sought, how do we develop a function that models the situation and use calculus to find the desired maximum or minimum? Near the conclusion of Section 3.3, we considered two examples of optimization problems where...
[ "throw it in the trash", "put it in the garbage", "burn it in a fire", "find new uses for it" ]
D
something reusable can be used more than once
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-2140
algorithm, go, concurrency, dining-philosophers // reserve a slot in the channel for eating // if channel buffer is full, this is blocked until channel space is released pPhilo.host.requestChannel <- pPhilo pPhilo.numEat++ fmt.Printf("starting to eat %d for %d time\n", pPhilo.idx, pPhi...
[ "plant a garden", "build a house", "remove black pips", "climb a mountain" ]
C
fruit contains seeds
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-2141
ornithology, kidney Back to worrying about the mammal-centric thinking: there is a causal implication in both the original and my edited version that is not warranted, which is that the anatomy of the loops of Henle is somehow determining the nitrogen excretion strategy that birds use. It's equally reasonable to presu...
[ "they turn bright purple", "they fall to the ground", "they bring special dust with them", "they eat small birds" ]
C
when pollen sticks to a hummingbird , that pollen will move to where the hummingbird moves
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-2142
electricity, electric-circuits, electrons, electric-current, charge Title: Electrons in an electric circuit , its movement and power delivered Does an electrical appliance convert electrons into its respective work , I mean is electron being consumed by appliance (say bulb ) and then this mass gives us energy. or the ...
[ "microns", "protons", "electrons", "TRONs" ]
C
electricity is made of moving charges
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-2143
optics, electromagnetic-radiation, visible-light, reflection, geometric-optics Title: We know that a window can actually reflect light. But if the window has some dirt sticking to it, the image we see sometimes get magnified. Why? Well, I was traveling in a bus yesterday and saw this occur. The board that separates th...
[ "trash heaps", "land tracts", "bottle deposits", "water droplets" ]
A
an landfill is a source of pollution
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-2144
infection, amphibians Title: What is this toad suffering from? Myiasis or chytridiomycosis? I found this toad on Aug. 29th at this location: position on osm I think it is a bufo bufo, approx. 10 cm long. The nostrils seemed to be completely filled with a grey matter and from the activity of the floor of the mouth it ...
[ "they were scared by their own shadow", "they ate too much food", "white precipitation is falling and it's windy", "they are very tired" ]
C
shivering is when an animal creates heat by shaking to keep the body warm
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-2145
# Thread: physics tourist & bear problem 1. ## physics tourist & bear problem another easy one i think: A tourist being chased by an angry bear is running in a straight line toward his car at a speed of 3.5 m/s. The car is a distance d away. The bear is 27 m behind the tourist and running at 6.0 m/s. The tourist rea...
[ "looks minuscule", "looks average", "looks bigger", "looks younger" ]
A
as distance to an object increases , that object will appear smaller
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-2146
quantum-mechanics, quantum-information, superposition When the compass needle points north, that is like a qubit being in the state $\lvert 0\rangle$, and when the compass needle points east, that is like a qubit being in the state $\lvert 1\rangle$. But a compass needle can also point northeast. The direction northea...
[ "walk towards where the needle points", "walk opposite where the needle points", "walk away from the compass", "forget to use the compass" ]
B
a compass is a kind of tool for determining direction by pointing north
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-2147
solvents, solubility, melting-point, phase Similarities: In each case, forces between the particles that comprise the solid are disrupted and that takes energy. (Whether it’s chemical bonds or intermolecular forces depends on the process and on the solid and on your definitions. (See this question.) But melting (rare...
[ "making ice", "cooking in butter", "cutting carrots", "buttering bread" ]
B
melting means changing from a solid into a liquid by adding heat energy
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-2148
java, algorithm, linked-list, matrix public void rotateBy(int steps, RotationDirection direction){ for(Node<I> shellHead : shellNodeCounts.keySet()){ int shellNodeCount = shellNodeCounts.get(shellHead); shellHead.rotate(direction, steps % shellNodeCount); } } The following is multiple ch...
[ "plastic into food", "plastic into shoes", "plastic into trees", "plastic into rivers" ]
B
An example of recycling is using an object to make a new object
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-2149
This lets them bring a 15th bar and catch the train with less than 5 minutes to spare. It is not possible to move all 16 bars. Consider the total distance that each person moves, in each direction, carrying each possible number of bars. For example $$R_2^+$$ is the total distance that Rod moves forward while carrying...
[ "make a big donation", "hope for several years", "use continuous motion on a device", "plan for expensive hotels" ]
C
pushing on the pedals of a bike cause that bike to move
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-2150
electromagnetism, electrostatics, electricity, everyday-life Title: Can sugar be affected by a magnetic field? While I was making a morning coffee at work, some sugar from the spoon started to fly away, seemingly towards some foam cups. Can this be explained by magnetism? Electro-magnetism is a good guess, simply beca...
[ "oxygen", "meat", "bread", "flour" ]
C
carbohydrates are made of sugars
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-2151
evolution, species Title: Parents that eat their own children I am told that there are some species, like fish or rabbits, that if let, will eat their own children. If this is true, how does a species like this exist? Shouldn't the fact that they kill their own lineage make them nonviable? Yes, it is true. Prairie dog...
[ "the zebras traveled a hundred miles that day", "a new life was created", "the population went down", "the population of the herd increased" ]
C
if an organism dies then the population of that organism will decrease
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-2152
geophysics, sedimentology Title: Does dirt compact itself over time? If so, how does this happen? If I were to bury something 10 feet (~3 metres) underground, with loose soil on top, would the ground naturally compact itself over time, until whatever I had buried has dirt tightly pressing against it on all sides? What...
[ "ammonite", "shells", "ominous", "ammunition" ]
A
fossils are formed when layers of sediment cover the remains of organisms over time
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-2153
genetics, gene-expression, human-genetics, mitochondria, gene Title: Father with mutated mtDNA- why isn't his offspring at risk? Mothers transmit their mitochondria (and therefore mtDNA) to their offspring and fathers don't. Lets assume that father had a mutation of the gene that encodes mtDNA, would then be his offsp...
[ "sense of humor", "temper", "aversion to garlic", "nose" ]
D
inheriting is when a inherited characteristic is passed from parent to offspring by DNA
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-2154
homework-and-exercises, newtonian-mechanics, friction, harmonic-oscillator, differential-equations If the spring is compressed and the force due to the spring is greater than the frictional force the motion will continue when the mass stops for the first time and a similar analysis can be made with the direction of fo...
[ "the stars go out", "most irises begins budding", "a week goes by", "the days grow shorter" ]
B
each season occurs once per year
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-2155
zoology, ethology, sociality Canfield, J., Hansen, M. V., Becker, M., & Kline, C. (1998). Chicken Soup for the Pet Lover’s Soul. Deerfield Beach, FL: Health. The following is multiple choice question (with options) to answer. A person who wants to raise alligators will need a supply of food such as
[ "hay", "grass", "corn", "bass" ]
D
alligators eat fish
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-2156
homework-and-exercises, kinematics In order to conclude that the runner with the shorter time was indeed faster... and am wondering whether this ought to be interpreted as a statistical hypothesis test. If you say that the null hypothesis is "they are going at the same speed, the tracks are different length" and the ...
[ "a rabbit", "a cup", "a cotton swab", "a stopwatch" ]
D
a stopwatch is used to measure time
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-2157
classical-mechanics the other car hits you and starts compressing your car's crumple zone. the collision force exceeds your braking force and your car starts accelerating. Your car's crumple zone is still being compressed. the crumple zone is fully compressed so both cars are now moving at the same speed and your brak...
[ "extra money given", "car laughs", "deer smiles", "tires worn down" ]
D
braking can cause skidding
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-2158
food-chemistry popcorn (kernels) honey (jar of) sugar (most forms) alcohol (spirits like vodka, whiskey) dried beans, dried lentils I would not be planning to eat any of these stored for 25 years myself. And in general I'd suggest testing the items before trying them after 25 years or more (if you feel you must). I ...
[ "the room is warm", "salt is heavily applied", "people eat the food", "food is already warm" ]
B
adding salt to a liquid decreases the melting point of that liquid
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-2159
entomology Title: What is the name of this tiny creature? It looks like a tiny piece of moving cotton? By chance, I saw this tiny insect on my bag a few days ago in Sydney. Am I the first person who has pinpointed this animal?! If not can you please let me know its name? From your image, it looks like it might be a wo...
[ "lizard", "insect", "cloud", "wind" ]
A
lizards eat insects
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-2160
cell-biology, nutrition, blood-circulation, liver Title: How do nutrients get to the cells they need to get to? I understand the basics of digestion. I know that nutrients get absorbed by the microvilli, enter the bloodstream and travel to the liver but after all that, what is the biological mechanism that guides thes...
[ "hair grows", "nails are trimmed", "vessels travel", "birds exist" ]
C
arteries transport nutrients throughout the body
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-2161
evolution, zoology Let's say the environmental challenge for two different kinds of carnivore (let's call them Bogs and Dats) is to catch Mophers. Both Bogs and Dats initially have the same medium-to-short muzzles. Some Bog individuals figure out that they can dig Mophers out of their burrows, and some Dat individu...
[ "a noxious spray", "bad taste", "a powerful nose", "smelling good" ]
A
most animals avoid bad odors
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-2162
terminology, meteorology I've tried to illustrate the relationships with insolation and temperature here: There are some other ways too: Ecological. Scientists who study the behaviour of organisms (hibernation, blooming, etc.) adapt to the local climate, sometimes using 6 seasons in temperature zones, or only 2 in p...
[ "the sky is usually blue at night", "most plants take a year to grow", "one year consists of 365 days and nights", "the sun is still for 12 months a year" ]
C
one year is equal to 365 days
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-2163
photosynthesis, botany Title: Photosynthesis - Light Intensity Say I was conducting an experiment for photosynthesis. If I moved light closer to the plant, what effect would this have on the process of photosynthesis? The rate of photosynthesis varies from plant to plant. Some plants require more light and some requir...
[ "fridge", "bed", "skylight", "basement" ]
C
a plant requires sunlight for photosynthesis
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-2164
javascript, beginner, jquery, html, adventure-game <div class="situation_text"> You walk away from the cave, to search for food. You find berries. Do you eat them or not? </div> <input type="button" class="situation_choice" value="Eat the berries" data-situation-tar...
[ "bees", "buds", "dirt", "trees" ]
B
plants are the source of fruit
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-2165
astronomy, everyday-life, popular-science, climate-science Title: Why is the summer, in the temperate latitudes, in average, hotter that the spring? It is common knowledge that the transition from the Spring to the Summer season occurs in the Summer Solstice when the "Sun reaches its highest excursion relative to the ...
[ "longer daylight", "less daylight", "brighter fires", "more darkness" ]
A
the amount of daylight is greatest on the summer solstice
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-2166
death, kidney Title: For how long can a person drink sea water? How long could a person of lets say 18 years be able to drink sea water without getting too much into trouble ? Or can a person drink it without noticing that it is a very bad idea ? I don't mean in just 1 drink session but like can one manage a day or tw...
[ "on a lake", "in a river", "in a house", "on earth's satellite" ]
D
the moon does not contain water
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-2167
ecology I have tried to find explanatory texts both in this and other books without any success so my question is how's this balanced state achieved in both types of successions (the answer is hinted in the first paragraph which I don't quite understand)? Related to my last post. The author is saying that 1) Mature ec...
[ "a group of horses slowly becomes extinct due to loss of habitat", "a group of rats in a lab learn to navigate a maze", "a soccer team trains for the championship", "Trees, insects, and birds in a forest grew from wildfire-ravaged lands" ]
D
ecological succession means entire communities in an ecosystem change over time
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-2168
visible-light, electromagnetic-radiation, speed-of-light, everyday-life, atmospheric-science If the blocking occurred close to the sun, you would see the opening of the blocking ca. 8 minutes after it happened, but you would also feel it 8 min after it happened. Thus you would experience both at the same time. An anal...
[ "a globe's complete rotation", "thirty hours of night", "a day on Pluto", "a year of schooling" ]
A
one day is equal to 24 hours
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-2169
waves, pressure, acoustics, air Title: How can sound waves propagate through air? We know that the sound waves propagate through air, and it can't travel through vacuum. so the thing that help it doing that is the air's molecules pressure. So my question how can that happens? I can't understand that concept. Sound wav...
[ "honking", "listening", "thinking", "sweating" ]
A
sound can travel through air
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-2170
newtonian-mechanics, energy-conservation, rotational-dynamics Title: Ball rolling on half-pipe It is well-known that a ball rolling down a half-pipe where the side it starts on has enough friction for the ball to roll without slipping and on the side other to be frictionless, that the ball will not roll to as high of ...
[ "glass", "gravel", "ice", "marble" ]
B
as the roughness of something increases , the friction of that something will increase when its surface moves against another surface
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-2171
immunology, virology Title: Why do people dying of immune deficiency diseases appear sick? Please forgive the obviously silly appearance of this question, and/or of the tenor which may come across as flippant or dismissive of real world suffering. My intention is none of the above. As a layperson, I have always unders...
[ "a cut on your thumb allowed bacteria inside", "your hair follicles get dirt on them", "your stomach digested a delicious breakfast", "your nose allowed water inside" ]
A
skin is used for protecting the body from harmful substances
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-2172
star, planet, telescope, light, space Title: How do I know what I'll be able to see? So I live in a suburb in Victoria, Australia. Less than an hour away from the city and I guess there is a bit of light pollution because from my backyard I can probably only see about 15 - 20 stars (probably less), I'm wondering what ...
[ "changing views of the horizon", "changing views of the Sun", "changing views of mountains", "the big Dipper disappearing over the horizon" ]
D
stars appear to move relative to the horizon during the night
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-2173
species-identification, zoology, bone-biology, bone Title: What is this bone from? This object showed up on my fire escape in New York city. It appears to be some kind of bone. It's a bit smaller than an adult human hand. What animal is it from? Given the size and thin/elongated ilia as well as the urban location, I t...
[ "a chameleon", "a dog", "a bird", "a cat" ]
A
disguise means change appearance to hide
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-2174
experimental-physics, water, fluid-statics Title: Determine water level difference in two ponds I live near two ponds whose water levels appear to differ by a few feet. The ground is hard clay, so I don't think there's any underground water exchange between the ponds. The ponds are separated by about 30 feet of a bump...
[ "the water drains out of the pond", "a large flock of ducks visits the pond", "people swim in the pond", "there is stormy weather" ]
D
storms cause bodies of water to increase amount of water they contain
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-2175
reaction-mechanism, redox, hydrogen The resulting oxygen radicals can again react with $\ce{H2}$ to form more hydrogen radicals. This reaction is also endothermic. $$\ce{O + H2 -> HO. + H.}$$ The hydroxyl radicals can also react with $\ce{H2}$ to form more hydrogen radicals, which is a slightly exothermic (releases en...
[ "a rock", "a diamond", "cake batter", "a wall" ]
C
adding heat to an object sometimes causes chemical reactions
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-2176
beginner, tree, rust } impl <T : Clone> BTree<T> { fn mirror(&self) -> BTree<T> { match *self { BTree::Leaf(_) => (*self).clone(), BTree::Branch(ref l, ref r) => BTree::Branch(Box::new((*r).mirror()), Box::new((*l).mirror())), // // ...
[ "small creatures", "great stamina", "positive attitude", "mighty strength" ]
A
pollination requires pollinating animals
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-2177
telescope, optics Title: Shouldn't this cause a fire? This website shows a telescope projecting the sun onto a blackboard: https://astronomyconnect.com/forums/articles/2-three-ways-to-safely-observe-the-sun.21/ Why isn't the board catching fire? You can easily start a fire on a sunny day by targeting the focal poin...
[ "damages only the pastures", "would be easy to handle", "damages the structure and animals trapped inside", "would cause very few issues" ]
C
burning a living thing usually causes harm to that living thing
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-2178
thermodynamics, radiation, laser, thermal-radiation, heat-engine Title: Most efficient mechanism for heating air I was read about small scale ion treatment which uses heats to high temperatures, would this be scalable and if so would there be any more efficient methods. In summary, if you wanted to heat large volumes ...
[ "empty water bottle", "cotton T-Shirt", "baseball cap", "empty soda can" ]
D
a thermal energy conductor transfers heat from hotter objects to cooler objects
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-2179
radiation You see similar things happening here. The metal rod at the top of the lamp acts as a capacitive ground - given the very high voltage, a tiny charge will flow from the tip of the filament to the rod. There is a small amount of gas in the tube which is ionized and gives rise to the light you see. The electron...
[ "a pepperoni and cheese pizza", "a heavy maple desk", "an item made from a petroleum product with a cord sticking out the top", "an old step ladder" ]
C
a candle is a source of light when it is burned
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-2180
entomology Title: What is the name of this tiny creature? It looks like a tiny piece of moving cotton? By chance, I saw this tiny insect on my bag a few days ago in Sydney. Am I the first person who has pinpointed this animal?! If not can you please let me know its name? From your image, it looks like it might be a wo...
[ "plant in a greenhouse", "plant in a garden", "plant in a field", "plant in a grove" ]
A
insects can have a negative impact on crops
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-2181
javascript, game, array // use the index value outputs to calculate the next room 'down' the worldMap array console.log('next room down: ' + worldMap.findNextRoom('down')); currentMap = worldMap.findNextRoom('down'); console.log('new currentMap = ' + currentMap); The following is multiple choice question (with opti...
[ "drowned it", "burned it", "ripped it", "forgot it" ]
C
tearing means changing a whole into pieces
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-2182
The first of these factors, $$P(n_i=k \mid n_{i-1} = k)$$ is the probability of not finding the next toy in meal $$i$$. This depends only on how many toys we have: if we have one toy, the probability of getting that same toy again is 1/4. If we have three toys, the probability of getting any of them again is 3/4. The ...
[ "grapefruit", "flour", "macaroni", "ranch" ]
A
a berry contains seeds
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-2183
newtonian-mechanics, momentum, acceleration, collision Title: A problem regarding a fiction Recently I watched a fictional(I guess) video: a man is crossing the road while a truck accelerates towards him and a superhero flashes and saves his life by taking him out of the road. He was very fast, therefore only a flash ...
[ "light rain", "low speed", "distant thunder", "heavy fog" ]
D
a decrease in visibility while driving can cause people to crash their car
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-2184
experimental-chemistry Pouring the copper sulfate solution into the beaker resulted in a vigorous reaction and quite a bit of heat. I stirred the reaction mixture and let it go to completion. The magnet still stuck strongly to the bottom of the beaker, indicating that there was still substantial powdered iron remainin...
[ "plastic toys", "broken bottles", "grass stains", "wire braces" ]
D
metal is sometimes magnetic
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-2185
electricity Title: Problems with a lithium battery I have a lithium battery that is separated from any device and is producing a whitish-gray smoke every time the wires move. Sometimes it makes hissing noises. Is there a way to solve these problems? You probably want to drain its charge and put it into recycling. It'...
[ "source of ice", "source of candy", "Source of wind", "source of warmth" ]
D
a hot substance is a source of heat
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-2186
inorganic-chemistry, redox, transition-metals Title: Fe with different charges Taken these reactions: \begin{align} \ce{2\overset{0}{Fe} + 3Cl2 &-> 2\overset{+3}{Fe}Cl3} \tag{1}\\ \ce{\overset{0}{Fe} + 2HCl &-> \overset{+2}{Fe}Cl2 + H2} \tag{2} \end{align} Why does $\ce{Fe}$ have +3 charge in the first example and +...
[ "pull each other", "touch each other", "shove each other", "grab each other" ]
C
magnetism can cause objects to repel each other
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-2187
thermodynamics, energy, power Toyota Corolla, 13 gallon tank, 20% efficiency, 103 kWh usable energy Tesla Roadster, 56 kWh battery capacity Chevy Volt, 16 kWh battery capacity If we compare a liquid Nitrogen car to the Chevy Volt it might not be so bad. But why would we do that? That car can still augment its range...
[ "a power outlet", "an electric station", "a charging station", "a gasoline station" ]
D
an electric car contains an electric motor
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-2188
magnetic-fields, earth Title: Would a compass on its side point at the ground? From a point just north of the equator, A straight line to the Magnetic North would be through the earth. If a compass was turned on it's side, would the north pointing arrow point toward the ground along that straight line? A compass is us...
[ "straight", "left", "backwards", "right" ]
A
when the needle of a compass lines up with Earth 's magnetic poles , the needle points north
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-2189
physical-chemistry, everyday-chemistry, pressure, capillary-forces Another way to think about it is this: as each microscopic parcel of liquid wicks into the unsnapped bud, it leaves a region of slightly lower pressure behind it. Since the end of the liquid column facing the snapped bud is open to atmosphere, that re...
[ "perspiration", "hydration", "condensation", "transpiration" ]
D
transpiration is when water vapor moves from leaves into the atmosphere
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-2190
agriculture Title: What does "permanent field" mean in agriculture? I am reading a book that in a paragraph talks about the agricultural methods used in prehistoric Finland. The further north and east, the more extensive the amount of burn-beat cultivation, which was a far from primitive form of agriculture. The yiel...
[ "a field where apples, beans and squash is planted", "a field where only grain is planted", "a field where rice, corn and beans are planted", "a field where fruits and vegetables are planted" ]
B
crop rotation has a positive impact on soil quality
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-2191
safety, equipment Finally, make sure someone doesn't get the idea that the hood will stop all fumes and try to do a perchloric acid experiment using that hood--that will go badly. Now, all this being said... What you really need isn't to make this safe, what you need is to convince administration that you're doing th...
[ "buy and sell bikes to commuters", "go on a biking tour of the country", "go on a biking tour of the city", "replace their driving to work with biking" ]
D
riding a bike does not cause pollution
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-2192
geophysics, sedimentology Title: Does dirt compact itself over time? If so, how does this happen? If I were to bury something 10 feet (~3 metres) underground, with loose soil on top, would the ground naturally compact itself over time, until whatever I had buried has dirt tightly pressing against it on all sides? What...
[ "strawberries that grow elsewhere", "strawberries that grow there", "shark's stomachs under water", "underwater caves in France" ]
B
if some nutrients are in the soil then those nutrients are in the food chain
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-2193
# Distribute 11 fish to 4 persons, where each person should have at least 1 fish and the fishes are not all identical I have a problem that I have not been able to find a solution to: There are 9 black fishes, 1 yellow fish and 1 blue fish that are to be given to four (distinct) persons. Each person should have at le...
[ "putting on fresh clothing", "visiting a desert area", "burning the bucket in a fire", "leaving the bucket out in a storm" ]
D
a renewable resource can be replaced
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-2194
neuroscience, neurophysiology, memory, cognition Title: What are the advantages of forgetting? How forgetting things is helpful for the brain or the human body biologically? This web page After some moment of being rude, selfish, or weak, either we are able to put it behind us, or the person who suffered at the res...
[ "getting facial acne", "being smelly", "having dirty hair", "fostering healthy bacteria" ]
D
good bacteria grow on a human 's skin
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-2195
thermodynamics, energy, power Toyota Corolla, 13 gallon tank, 20% efficiency, 103 kWh usable energy Tesla Roadster, 56 kWh battery capacity Chevy Volt, 16 kWh battery capacity If we compare a liquid Nitrogen car to the Chevy Volt it might not be so bad. But why would we do that? That car can still augment its range...
[ "semi truck", "Tesla Model S", "Ford Explorer", "Toyota Tundra" ]
B
electricity causes less pollution than gasoline
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-2196
meteorology, severe-weather The lack of rich low-level moisture is due in large part to the lack of accessibility from warmer moisture sources, particularly the Gulf of Mexico; the Rockies provide a barrier to much of the moisture reaching further west. As you note, parts of Wyoming and Montana do see supercells and t...
[ "Oregon", "New York", "Florida", "Arizona" ]
D
a forest environment receives more rainfall than a desert
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-2197
energy-efficiency, thermal-insulation Assuming you have a window opening of about 1$[m^2]$, the savings are about 1.5 times greater that LED. Obviously, the savings will be : The following is multiple choice question (with options) to answer. A person wanting to use the daylight to power objects would consider adding...
[ "absorbing converters", "convertible socks", "metal eaves", "play streets" ]
A
a solar panel converts sunlight into electricity
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-2198
Suppose A and B are statements of interest. Suppose we want to say in a short sentence that “whenever A is true, B is true, and that when A is false, we do not claim anything about the truth of B”. We use the word “implies” and state for short that “A is true implies B is true”, and mean the truth relations in the trut...
[ "octopuses are found in the jungle", "birds are found in the deep ocean waters", "sheep are found high in the tree", "seaweed is found in the shallow waters near the beach" ]
D
aquatic plants live in bodies of water
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-2199
human-biology, neuroscience, zoology, physiology, history If it is a mutation or set of mutations as the current thinking implies, there is a good chance that it is a combination of strong selection and accident. Its true that cooperation is often enjoys a strong selective advantage, but it doesn't make you smart or ...
[ "language", "money", "color", "home" ]
C
the colors of the parts of an organism are inherited characteristics
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-2200
organic-chemistry Title: What are the minimal chemical requirements for a food which we all can eat? I've been puzzled by the following though experiment for the past few days: I want to make my own food from scratch, but I do not know where to start from. I want to be 100% sure that what I eat will never contains som...
[ "throw it into the ocean", "stomp on it with your feet", "create a chemical reaction using a stove", "walk to a cemetary" ]
C
cooking causes a chemical reaction