source string | id string | question string | options list | answer string | reasoning string |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2101 | physiology, ichthyology
Salmon use to deal with the NaCl fluxes driven by the gradients between the salmon and its surroundings. In their gill epithelial cells, salmon have a special enzyme that hydrolyzes ATP and uses the released energy to actively transport both Na+ and Cl- against their concentration gradients. In... | [
"tips",
"noses",
"neck slits",
"wings"
] | C | gills are used for breathing water by aquatic animals |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2102 | fluid-dynamics, aerodynamics, lift, scaling
Title: Is flying really easier on smaller scales? In the book Playing with Planets, the author makes the following argument, pertinent to flying robots of the future:
As it is, an important law of physics says that smaller organisms fly much more easily than larger ones. T... | [
"twenty four pounds",
"ten pounds",
"seventeen pounds",
"twelve pounds"
] | A | as the weight of an animal decreases , that animal will fly more easily |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2103 | ecology, population-dynamics, ecosystem, antipredator-adaptation, predation
I would also like to talk about other things that might be of interest in your model (two of them need you to allow evolutionary processes in your model):
1) lineage selection: predators that eat too much end up disappearing because they cause... | [
"a plastic tree",
"a long-dead stump",
"a new sprout",
"an old oak"
] | D | a tree is a source of food for animals in an ecosystem |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2104 | soil
An analogous hypothesis proposed by RUSSEL3 for increases in the number of bacteria after partial sterilization by heat, frost, or other means is that by such partial sterilization the protozoa are killed, thus permitting the unhindered development of bacteria which under normal conditions is held in check by pro... | [
"see",
"stand",
"sense",
"flourish"
] | D | an animal being born when food is available has a positive impact on that animal 's health |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2105 | If the question is asking for the probability that either of the two cows is 2-coloured, we have
$$P(\text {1 cow is 2-coloured | both visible sides are black}) = \frac{P(\text {1 cow is 2-coloured and other is black}) \times P(\text {the black side of the 2-coloured cow is seen})}{P(\text{both visible sides are black... | [
"into his eyes",
"into the moon",
"into the sun",
"into a bucket"
] | A | eyes are used for seeing by animals by sensing light |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2106 | immunology, cancer
Figure 7. Cancer immunoediting. (7).
So just to clarify at the end, there probably isn't a case where the immune system isn't responding at all unless you had chemotherapy that destroyed your immune system. Inflammatory environments alone are sufficient for your immune cells to at least check out th... | [
"fake vitamin C",
"green gummy bears",
"unconscious time",
"computer time"
] | C | a human requires sleep to be healthy |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2107 | phase
More generically, if one was to apply enough pressure to a gas to make it a solid at room temperature and then remove the pressure, would it stay in the solid form? Instantly? Just like if you go outdoors when the temperature is below zero (centigrade) you freeze instantly? Are you from a location where temperat... | [
"a soda can",
"a brick wall",
"aluminum foil",
"a paint can"
] | B | brick is an electrical insulator |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2108 | species-identification
Title: What is this (water-loving) bug? For some time we've been finding these little fellows in our apartment:
They seem harmless enough, but finding them is a bit... annoying. I found the fellow above in the bathtub, and it's not uncommon to find more than one.
Unfortunately, some started to ... | [
"moles",
"lizards",
"eagles",
"sardines"
] | A | living underground can be used for hiding from predators |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2109 | exoplanet
It's probably possible to have volcanic eruptions even though dozens or maybe even hundreds of miles of exotic ice because the heat has to go somewhere, eventually, assing it's likely to build up over time, so either by circulation of eruption, the heat has push through at some point. This even happens on s... | [
"birds may be thinking",
"lone land mass develops",
"musical notes are heard",
"fish are buried in sand"
] | B | an island is formed by lava being released on the ocean floor over time |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2110 | java, random
case 2:
return " with little to no vegitation, imports are what this town lives on.";
case 3:
return " and is full of fertile land, the farmers here are prosperous.";
case 4:
return " under the protection of large mountains and rought terrain; lining the horizon.";
case... | [
"time's passage",
"light rain",
"cloudy days",
"gentle singing"
] | A | soil is formed by rocks eroding |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2111 | meteorology, clouds, weather-satellites
Title: Great Lakes - cookie cutter clouds On 2014-07-10, in the afternoon, the GOES East satellite image in the visible showed a mass of cloud in central North America. However, in the middle, the Great Lakes stood out in a most extraordinary way, since they were almost complete... | [
"sink",
"burn",
"melt",
"precipitate"
] | D | precipitation is when snow fall from clouds to the Earth |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2112 | evolution, ecology, natural-selection, adaptation
Title: What are Some Classical Examples of Local Adaptation? Question
Can you please give a list of classical (textbook) examples of local adaptations?
How to answer
Examples don't necessarily need to include what evidence supports this specific example of local adapt... | [
"when flocks relocate",
"when deer breed",
"when geese honk",
"when mice scurry"
] | A | An example of migration is birds flying south in the winter |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2113 | photosynthesis, respiration, ecosystem, decomposition
Maybe you should study the metabolic processes of plants and life in general to better understand this. All life consists of chemical reactions that build up structures; in order to build them up you need energy (because of the second law of thermodynamics), and al... | [
"carbon dioxide",
"the closest star",
"blood",
"oxygen"
] | B | the sun is the source of energy for life on Earth |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2114 | star, observational-astronomy
Title: Setting of stars In the book Thinking Physics by Lewis Caroll I came accross the following exercise:
Using a good digital watch, get the exact time when a bright star goes behind a distant building or tower. A day later time the disappearance again. Sighting over a nail fixed in a... | [
"moon rotation",
"human planet rotation",
"moons gravity",
"global warming"
] | B | the moon 's surface contains highlands |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2115 | meteorology, clouds, weather-satellites
Title: Great Lakes - cookie cutter clouds On 2014-07-10, in the afternoon, the GOES East satellite image in the visible showed a mass of cloud in central North America. However, in the middle, the Great Lakes stood out in a most extraordinary way, since they were almost complete... | [
"many visitors",
"ice pillars",
"large mice",
"snow clouds"
] | B | some deep lakes are formed by glaciers |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2116 | zoology
Capybara, rabbits, hamsters and other related species do not have a complex ruminant digestive system. Instead they extract more nutrition from grass by giving their food a second pass through the gut. Soft fecal pellets of partially digested food are excreted and generally consumed immediately. Consuming thes... | [
"whiskers",
"toes",
"tail",
"areola"
] | D | a mammal usually nurses its young |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2117 | climate-change, geography, rivers, rainfall, agriculture
Today Climate change and its consequences are some of the biggest challenges facing Humanity, with water scarcity being the big factor in Sub-Sahara Africa.
By Ultimately raising the Rainfall in the entire Southern Africa, through the managed and controlled fill... | [
"rice",
"corn",
"coffee",
"beans"
] | B | as ability to transport food increases around the world , the available types of food in distant locations will increase |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2118 | geology, geography, satellite-oddities
Title: Round structure in southern United States Assuming here might be someone who knows something about this, I wanted to ask what is behind this round structure I have spotted today on Google Earth:
There seems to be a large (~200 km), nearly perfect half-circle covering the ... | [
"the bottom of a pond",
"where water continuously moves sand and small rocks downstream",
"a school play area",
"a car manufacturing plant"
] | B | a sandbar is formed by water moving sediment downstream |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2119 | entomology, habitat
Title: Do hornets return to the same nest after winter each year? I have what I think is a hornet nest on the soffit of my house.
The nest has been removed, however, the hornets keep rebuilding. Also, they have started to swarm the sewer vent pipe (not shown in photo).
If fail to get rid of the ho... | [
"the corpse is glowing",
"the corpse is decomposed",
"the corpse is melted",
"the corpse is flying"
] | B | dead organisms rot |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2120 | = ",Count[Drop[branches,gen],_Real,\[Infinity]]/4" "" ""Length = ",SetAccuracy[Count[Drop[branches,gen],_Real,\[Infinity]]/4*(Norm[{{pt1[[1]],0.5},{0,0}}]^gen),3]}],18],Gray],{2.3,-1.8}]},{Inset[Style[Text@TraditionalForm@Style[Row[{"Polynomial Trees by Bernat Espigulé"}],18],Gray, Opacity[0.4]],{2.3,-2}]}},P... | [
"for newspapers to go to print",
"for bakeries to have a yeast supply",
"for restaurants to have stryofoam containers",
"for schools to have chalk"
] | A | creating paper requires cutting down trees |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2121 | geography, earth-system, astronomy, orbit, geodesy
(the vertical axis is logarithmic)
We can see that around 10 km away from the subsolar point, ~10 meters are enough to be closer than it to the Sun. ~30 meters at 20 km, ~800 meters at 100 km, ~3,000 m at 200 km, and if you go further than 340 km, not even Mount Evere... | [
"a dwarf star",
"a satellite",
"a black hole",
"a planet"
] | B | the moon is the celestial object that is closest to the Earth |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2122 | thermodynamics
Title: Insulating container in real life Is it possible to practically build a perfectly insulating container? If not, what's the best way to build one? By perfectly I mean no heat is trasferred over an infinite amount of time. As Harish Chandra Rajpoot removed his answer instead of rectifying to:
"No, ... | [
"a piece of paper",
"a log of wood",
"a beehive covered in wax",
"a statically charged shirt"
] | C | wax is an electrical energy insulator |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2123 | photosynthesis, respiration, ecosystem, decomposition
Maybe you should study the metabolic processes of plants and life in general to better understand this. All life consists of chemical reactions that build up structures; in order to build them up you need energy (because of the second law of thermodynamics), and al... | [
"a paper clip pile",
"a murder of crows",
"a large elephant statue",
"a sunny park bench"
] | B | living things require respiration to use energy |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2124 | career
Title: Data science career problems: interaction of technical and social difficulties I have been trying to break into the bioinformatics space (and now, data science more generally).
Although there are numerous challenges in this field and I am constantly learning to deal with them, I have have found the most ... | [
"at home",
"sight seeing",
"viewing things",
"on vacation"
] | C | scientists make observations |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2125 | meteorology, severe-weather
The lack of rich low-level moisture is due in large part to the lack of accessibility from warmer moisture sources, particularly the Gulf of Mexico; the Rockies provide a barrier to much of the moisture reaching further west.
As you note, parts of Wyoming and Montana do see supercells and t... | [
"a tundra without water",
"a desert without water",
"a house without water",
"a lake without water"
] | D | drought means available water decreases in an environment |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2126 | ecology, behaviour, sociality, predation, community-ecology
Title: How selective are wolves about the size of their prey? For an animal that lives and hunts socially like a wolf, is there a lower threshold to the size of prey items they will hunt? A pack wouldn't have much trouble with catching say a rabbit, but would... | [
"a rabbit",
"a deer",
"a skunk",
"a baby moose"
] | C | a skunk produces a bad odor |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2127 | rocks, remote-sensing, archaeology, ground-truth
Together, #1, #2, and #3 tell us that it's probably early summer just after the river ice has broken up.
The tooth-like features in the left image are simply erosional remnants sticking out of the riverbank. They could be bedrock (not likely), ice wedges, unmelted perm... | [
"in a closet",
"in a pond",
"in a spaceship",
"in a satellite"
] | B | nature is the source of natural resources |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2128 | features and so on unnecesary! Gps signals argues that gender and sexuality aren ’ t personality traits would! Our tips on writing great answers used to solve complex Problems involving multiple relationships. Given pre-approval for credit transfer © 2020 Stack Exchange Inc ; user contributions licensed under cc by-sa ... | [
"rabbits always eat producers",
"plants eat rabbits which eat plants",
"rabbits eat plants which eat plants",
"plants eat plants which eat plants"
] | A | a consumer can not produce its own food |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2129 | Suppose A and B are statements of interest. Suppose we want to say in a short sentence that “whenever A is true, B is true, and that when A is false, we do not claim anything about the truth of B”. We use the word “implies” and state for short that “A is true implies B is true”, and mean the truth relations in the trut... | [
"Brittney can receive minerals by standing in the sunlight",
"Ted can receive calories by standing in sunlight",
"Jeff can receive protein from sunlight",
"Kelly can receive vitamins by soaking up sunny rays"
] | D | Vitamin D heals bones |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2130 | light, history, speed
% WaaeaacaaIXaGaey4kaSYaaSaaaeaacqqHuoarcaWGwbaabaGaam4q
% aaaaaiaawIcacaGLPaaacaWGMbWaaSbaaSqaaiaad+gaaeqaaaaa!3BBB!
$$
I hashed through the numbers myself and I got an answer of about 10 minutes more or less from 42 hours depending on which way the earth is heading with reference to Jupiter. Ol... | [
"half an hour",
"15 seconds",
"half a minute",
"one nanosecond"
] | A | the Earth rotating on its axis causes the sun to appear to move across the sky during the day |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2131 | reproduction
Title: Why are so many species reproducing late this year? Hope this question is OK for this site, couldn't see where else to ask it.
We've spent a few days out in the countryside recently, and have been very surprised at how many species appear to have very young offspring so late in the season. I was al... | [
"a stage of maturity",
"a concert on stage",
"a stage of denial",
"a staging of hosts"
] | A | reproduction is a stage in the life cycle process |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2132 | botany, plant-physiology
Title: Are fairy rings documented as a growth pattern in ferns? I planted an Onoclea sensibilis, a single plant, in my garden. After the first season, there was signs that a fairy ring was forming. A few years later it was mostly complete, but then was obscured in the following years by the gr... | [
"dog food",
"houseplant food",
"cat food",
"planted food"
] | B | food is a source of energy for plants |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2133 | electricity, electric-circuits, electric-current
I was wearing flip flops from the time I stripped off my neoprene wet suit at the car until the time I started getting shocked (my wife was wearing Birkenstocks).
I had been snorkeling for about an hour in the Pacific Ocean wearing a full body wet-suit, booties, and gl... | [
"a cold front had moved into the area",
"The pond had drained into an underground river",
"There was a lot of algae on the pond's surface",
"It had rained the night before"
] | A | freezing causes a solid to form |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2134 | python, game, adventure-game, python-2.x
itemscanbeobtained.append('Bait')
itemscanbeobtained.append('Bird Nest')
for i in range(random.randint(0, 3)):
retlist.append(random.choice(itemscanbeobtained))
return retlist
The following is multiple choice question (with options) to answe... | [
"wing",
"teeth",
"beak",
"leg"
] | C | a beak is used for catching prey by some birds |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2135 | the-moon, moon-phases
Title: Red cresent moon Yesterday night i witnessed something very strange when i looked outside the window. I saw the moon (crescent) but it was dull red and right on the horizon ,which is strange considering that it is usually on the upper right of the night sky and white in colour. On further ... | [
"locale",
"rate",
"fullness",
"scent"
] | C | a different moon phase occurs once per week |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2136 | zoology, ecology, population-biology, ecosystem, predation
Title: Predator prey interaction I went through a line in my textbook which read:
"But for predators, prey species could achieve very high population densities and cause ecosystem instability."
I was not able to understand the meaning 'but for predators'. Ca... | [
"grizzly bear",
"moose",
"salmon",
"lobster"
] | A | predators eat other animals |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2137 | organic-chemistry, physical-chemistry, biochemistry, alcohols
Title: Storage of Urine Not all may be favorable to this project, but I will explain what I am trying to do. I work at home, and instead of walking a moderate distance to the bathroom and loosing my focus, I've been, at times, peeing in a 3 Quart Poland Spr... | [
"a breeze",
"a tree",
"a river",
"a snowbank"
] | A | wind is an inexhaustible resource |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2138 | geology, geophysics, core
Title: How long until Earth's core solidifies? How much longer does Earth have until the core turns solid?
Does global warming change these estimates at all? Global warming has to do with the surface only, and at best involves changes of 20 degrees at the outside extreme, in comparison to the... | [
"Plastic Bottles",
"Happiness",
"Love",
"Sadness"
] | A | natural events usually cause changes to Earth 's surface |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2139 | ##### Motivating Questions
• In a setting where a situation is described for which optimal parameters are sought, how do we develop a function that models the situation and use calculus to find the desired maximum or minimum?
Near the conclusion of Section 3.3, we considered two examples of optimization problems where... | [
"throw it in the trash",
"put it in the garbage",
"burn it in a fire",
"find new uses for it"
] | D | something reusable can be used more than once |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2140 | algorithm, go, concurrency, dining-philosophers
// reserve a slot in the channel for eating
// if channel buffer is full, this is blocked until channel space is released
pPhilo.host.requestChannel <- pPhilo
pPhilo.numEat++
fmt.Printf("starting to eat %d for %d time\n", pPhilo.idx, pPhi... | [
"plant a garden",
"build a house",
"remove black pips",
"climb a mountain"
] | C | fruit contains seeds |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2141 | ornithology, kidney
Back to worrying about the mammal-centric thinking: there is a causal implication in both the original and my edited version that is not warranted, which is that the anatomy of the loops of Henle is somehow determining the nitrogen excretion strategy that birds use. It's equally reasonable to presu... | [
"they turn bright purple",
"they fall to the ground",
"they bring special dust with them",
"they eat small birds"
] | C | when pollen sticks to a hummingbird , that pollen will move to where the hummingbird moves |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2142 | electricity, electric-circuits, electrons, electric-current, charge
Title: Electrons in an electric circuit , its movement and power delivered Does an electrical appliance convert electrons into its respective work , I mean is electron being consumed by appliance (say bulb ) and then this mass gives us energy.
or the ... | [
"microns",
"protons",
"electrons",
"TRONs"
] | C | electricity is made of moving charges |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2143 | optics, electromagnetic-radiation, visible-light, reflection, geometric-optics
Title: We know that a window can actually reflect light. But if the window has some dirt sticking to it, the image we see sometimes get magnified. Why? Well, I was traveling in a bus yesterday and saw this occur. The board that separates th... | [
"trash heaps",
"land tracts",
"bottle deposits",
"water droplets"
] | A | an landfill is a source of pollution |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2144 | infection, amphibians
Title: What is this toad suffering from? Myiasis or chytridiomycosis? I found this toad on Aug. 29th at this location: position on osm
I think it is a bufo bufo, approx. 10 cm long. The nostrils seemed to be completely filled with a grey matter and from the activity of the floor of the mouth it ... | [
"they were scared by their own shadow",
"they ate too much food",
"white precipitation is falling and it's windy",
"they are very tired"
] | C | shivering is when an animal creates heat by shaking to keep the body warm |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2145 | # Thread: physics tourist & bear problem
1. ## physics tourist & bear problem
another easy one i think:
A tourist being chased by an angry bear is running in a straight line toward his car at a speed of 3.5 m/s. The car is a distance d away. The bear is 27 m behind the tourist and running at 6.0 m/s. The tourist rea... | [
"looks minuscule",
"looks average",
"looks bigger",
"looks younger"
] | A | as distance to an object increases , that object will appear smaller |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2146 | quantum-mechanics, quantum-information, superposition
When the compass needle points north, that is like a qubit being in the state $\lvert 0\rangle$, and when the compass needle points east, that is like a qubit being in the state $\lvert 1\rangle$. But a compass needle can also point northeast. The direction northea... | [
"walk towards where the needle points",
"walk opposite where the needle points",
"walk away from the compass",
"forget to use the compass"
] | B | a compass is a kind of tool for determining direction by pointing north |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2147 | solvents, solubility, melting-point, phase
Similarities:
In each case, forces between the particles that comprise the solid are disrupted and that takes energy. (Whether it’s chemical bonds or intermolecular forces depends on the process and on the solid and on your definitions. (See this question.) But melting (rare... | [
"making ice",
"cooking in butter",
"cutting carrots",
"buttering bread"
] | B | melting means changing from a solid into a liquid by adding heat energy |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2148 | java, algorithm, linked-list, matrix
public void rotateBy(int steps, RotationDirection direction){
for(Node<I> shellHead : shellNodeCounts.keySet()){
int shellNodeCount = shellNodeCounts.get(shellHead);
shellHead.rotate(direction, steps % shellNodeCount);
}
}
The following is multiple ch... | [
"plastic into food",
"plastic into shoes",
"plastic into trees",
"plastic into rivers"
] | B | An example of recycling is using an object to make a new object |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2149 | This lets them bring a 15th bar and catch the train with less than 5 minutes to spare.
It is not possible to move all 16 bars.
Consider the total distance that each person moves, in each direction, carrying each possible number of bars. For example $$R_2^+$$ is the total distance that Rod moves forward while carrying... | [
"make a big donation",
"hope for several years",
"use continuous motion on a device",
"plan for expensive hotels"
] | C | pushing on the pedals of a bike cause that bike to move |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2150 | electromagnetism, electrostatics, electricity, everyday-life
Title: Can sugar be affected by a magnetic field? While I was making a morning coffee at work, some sugar from the spoon started to fly away, seemingly towards some foam cups. Can this be explained by magnetism? Electro-magnetism is a good guess, simply beca... | [
"oxygen",
"meat",
"bread",
"flour"
] | C | carbohydrates are made of sugars |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2151 | evolution, species
Title: Parents that eat their own children I am told that there are some species, like fish or rabbits, that if let, will eat their own children. If this is true, how does a species like this exist? Shouldn't the fact that they kill their own lineage make them nonviable? Yes, it is true.
Prairie dog... | [
"the zebras traveled a hundred miles that day",
"a new life was created",
"the population went down",
"the population of the herd increased"
] | C | if an organism dies then the population of that organism will decrease |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2152 | geophysics, sedimentology
Title: Does dirt compact itself over time? If so, how does this happen? If I were to bury something 10 feet (~3 metres) underground, with loose soil on top, would the ground naturally compact itself over time, until whatever I had buried has dirt tightly pressing against it on all sides?
What... | [
"ammonite",
"shells",
"ominous",
"ammunition"
] | A | fossils are formed when layers of sediment cover the remains of organisms over time |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2153 | genetics, gene-expression, human-genetics, mitochondria, gene
Title: Father with mutated mtDNA- why isn't his offspring at risk? Mothers transmit their mitochondria (and therefore mtDNA) to their offspring and fathers don't. Lets assume that father had a mutation of the gene that encodes mtDNA, would then be his offsp... | [
"sense of humor",
"temper",
"aversion to garlic",
"nose"
] | D | inheriting is when a inherited characteristic is passed from parent to offspring by DNA |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2154 | homework-and-exercises, newtonian-mechanics, friction, harmonic-oscillator, differential-equations
If the spring is compressed and the force due to the spring is greater than the frictional force the motion will continue when the mass stops for the first time and a similar analysis can be made with the direction of fo... | [
"the stars go out",
"most irises begins budding",
"a week goes by",
"the days grow shorter"
] | B | each season occurs once per year |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2155 | zoology, ethology, sociality
Canfield, J., Hansen, M. V., Becker, M., & Kline, C. (1998). Chicken Soup for the Pet Lover’s Soul. Deerfield Beach, FL: Health.
The following is multiple choice question (with options) to answer.
A person who wants to raise alligators will need a supply of food such as | [
"hay",
"grass",
"corn",
"bass"
] | D | alligators eat fish |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2156 | homework-and-exercises, kinematics
In order to conclude that the runner with the shorter time was indeed faster...
and am wondering whether this ought to be interpreted as a statistical hypothesis test. If you say that the null hypothesis is "they are going at the same speed, the tracks are different length" and the ... | [
"a rabbit",
"a cup",
"a cotton swab",
"a stopwatch"
] | D | a stopwatch is used to measure time |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2157 | classical-mechanics
the other car hits you and starts compressing your car's crumple zone.
the collision force exceeds your braking force and your car starts accelerating. Your car's crumple zone is still being compressed.
the crumple zone is fully compressed so both cars are now moving at the same speed and your brak... | [
"extra money given",
"car laughs",
"deer smiles",
"tires worn down"
] | D | braking can cause skidding |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2158 | food-chemistry
popcorn (kernels)
honey (jar of)
sugar (most forms)
alcohol (spirits like vodka, whiskey)
dried beans, dried lentils
I would not be planning to eat any of these stored for 25 years myself. And in general I'd suggest testing the items before trying them after 25 years or more (if you feel you must).
I ... | [
"the room is warm",
"salt is heavily applied",
"people eat the food",
"food is already warm"
] | B | adding salt to a liquid decreases the melting point of that liquid |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2159 | entomology
Title: What is the name of this tiny creature? It looks like a tiny piece of moving cotton? By chance, I saw this tiny insect on my bag a few days ago in Sydney. Am I the first person who has pinpointed this animal?! If not can you please let me know its name? From your image, it looks like it might be a wo... | [
"lizard",
"insect",
"cloud",
"wind"
] | A | lizards eat insects |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2160 | cell-biology, nutrition, blood-circulation, liver
Title: How do nutrients get to the cells they need to get to? I understand the basics of digestion. I know that nutrients get absorbed by the microvilli, enter the bloodstream and travel to the liver but after all that, what is the biological mechanism that guides thes... | [
"hair grows",
"nails are trimmed",
"vessels travel",
"birds exist"
] | C | arteries transport nutrients throughout the body |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2161 | evolution, zoology
Let's say the environmental challenge for two different kinds of carnivore (let's call them Bogs and Dats) is to catch Mophers. Both Bogs and Dats initially have the same medium-to-short muzzles. Some Bog individuals figure out that they can dig Mophers out of their burrows, and some Dat individu... | [
"a noxious spray",
"bad taste",
"a powerful nose",
"smelling good"
] | A | most animals avoid bad odors |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2162 | terminology, meteorology
I've tried to illustrate the relationships with insolation and temperature here:
There are some other ways too:
Ecological. Scientists who study the behaviour of organisms (hibernation, blooming, etc.) adapt to the local climate, sometimes using 6 seasons in temperature zones, or only 2 in p... | [
"the sky is usually blue at night",
"most plants take a year to grow",
"one year consists of 365 days and nights",
"the sun is still for 12 months a year"
] | C | one year is equal to 365 days |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2163 | photosynthesis, botany
Title: Photosynthesis - Light Intensity Say I was conducting an experiment for photosynthesis. If I moved light closer to the plant, what effect would this have on the process of photosynthesis? The rate of photosynthesis varies from plant to plant. Some plants require more light and some requir... | [
"fridge",
"bed",
"skylight",
"basement"
] | C | a plant requires sunlight for photosynthesis |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2164 | javascript, beginner, jquery, html, adventure-game
<div class="situation_text">
You walk away from the cave, to search for food. You find berries. Do you eat them or not?
</div>
<input type="button" class="situation_choice"
value="Eat the berries"
data-situation-tar... | [
"bees",
"buds",
"dirt",
"trees"
] | B | plants are the source of fruit |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2165 | astronomy, everyday-life, popular-science, climate-science
Title: Why is the summer, in the temperate latitudes, in average, hotter that the spring? It is common knowledge that the transition from the Spring to the Summer season occurs in the Summer Solstice when the "Sun reaches its highest excursion relative to the ... | [
"longer daylight",
"less daylight",
"brighter fires",
"more darkness"
] | A | the amount of daylight is greatest on the summer solstice |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2166 | death, kidney
Title: For how long can a person drink sea water? How long could a person of lets say 18 years be able to drink sea water without getting too much into trouble ? Or can a person drink it without noticing that it is a very bad idea ? I don't mean in just 1 drink session but like can one manage a day or tw... | [
"on a lake",
"in a river",
"in a house",
"on earth's satellite"
] | D | the moon does not contain water |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2167 | ecology
I have tried to find explanatory texts both in this and other books without any success so my question is how's this balanced state achieved in both types of successions (the answer is hinted in the first paragraph which I don't quite understand)?
Related to my last post. The author is saying that 1) Mature ec... | [
"a group of horses slowly becomes extinct due to loss of habitat",
"a group of rats in a lab learn to navigate a maze",
"a soccer team trains for the championship",
"Trees, insects, and birds in a forest grew from wildfire-ravaged lands"
] | D | ecological succession means entire communities in an ecosystem change over time |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2168 | visible-light, electromagnetic-radiation, speed-of-light, everyday-life, atmospheric-science
If the blocking occurred close to the sun, you would see the opening of the blocking ca. 8 minutes after it happened, but you would also feel it 8 min after it happened. Thus you would experience both at the same time.
An anal... | [
"a globe's complete rotation",
"thirty hours of night",
"a day on Pluto",
"a year of schooling"
] | A | one day is equal to 24 hours |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2169 | waves, pressure, acoustics, air
Title: How can sound waves propagate through air? We know that the sound waves propagate through air, and it can't travel through vacuum. so the thing that help it doing that is the air's molecules pressure. So my question how can that happens? I can't understand that concept. Sound wav... | [
"honking",
"listening",
"thinking",
"sweating"
] | A | sound can travel through air |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2170 | newtonian-mechanics, energy-conservation, rotational-dynamics
Title: Ball rolling on half-pipe It is well-known that a ball rolling down a half-pipe where the side it starts on has enough friction for the ball to roll without slipping and on the side other to be frictionless, that the ball will not roll to as high of ... | [
"glass",
"gravel",
"ice",
"marble"
] | B | as the roughness of something increases , the friction of that something will increase when its surface moves against another surface |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2171 | immunology, virology
Title: Why do people dying of immune deficiency diseases appear sick? Please forgive the obviously silly appearance of this question, and/or of the tenor which may come across as flippant or dismissive of real world suffering. My intention is none of the above.
As a layperson, I have always unders... | [
"a cut on your thumb allowed bacteria inside",
"your hair follicles get dirt on them",
"your stomach digested a delicious breakfast",
"your nose allowed water inside"
] | A | skin is used for protecting the body from harmful substances |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2172 | star, planet, telescope, light, space
Title: How do I know what I'll be able to see? So I live in a suburb in Victoria, Australia. Less than an hour away from the city and I guess there is a bit of light pollution because from my backyard I can probably only see about 15 - 20 stars (probably less), I'm wondering what ... | [
"changing views of the horizon",
"changing views of the Sun",
"changing views of mountains",
"the big Dipper disappearing over the horizon"
] | D | stars appear to move relative to the horizon during the night |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2173 | species-identification, zoology, bone-biology, bone
Title: What is this bone from? This object showed up on my fire escape in New York city. It appears to be some kind of bone. It's a bit smaller than an adult human hand. What animal is it from? Given the size and thin/elongated ilia as well as the urban location, I t... | [
"a chameleon",
"a dog",
"a bird",
"a cat"
] | A | disguise means change appearance to hide |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2174 | experimental-physics, water, fluid-statics
Title: Determine water level difference in two ponds I live near two ponds whose water levels appear to differ by a few feet. The ground is hard clay, so I don't think there's any underground water exchange between the ponds. The ponds are separated by about 30 feet of a bump... | [
"the water drains out of the pond",
"a large flock of ducks visits the pond",
"people swim in the pond",
"there is stormy weather"
] | D | storms cause bodies of water to increase amount of water they contain |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2175 | reaction-mechanism, redox, hydrogen
The resulting oxygen radicals can again react with $\ce{H2}$ to form more hydrogen radicals. This reaction is also endothermic.
$$\ce{O + H2 -> HO. + H.}$$
The hydroxyl radicals can also react with $\ce{H2}$ to form more hydrogen radicals, which is a slightly exothermic (releases en... | [
"a rock",
"a diamond",
"cake batter",
"a wall"
] | C | adding heat to an object sometimes causes chemical reactions |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2176 | beginner, tree, rust
}
impl <T : Clone> BTree<T> {
fn mirror(&self) -> BTree<T> {
match *self {
BTree::Leaf(_) => (*self).clone(),
BTree::Branch(ref l, ref r) =>
BTree::Branch(Box::new((*r).mirror()), Box::new((*l).mirror())),
//
// ... | [
"small creatures",
"great stamina",
"positive attitude",
"mighty strength"
] | A | pollination requires pollinating animals |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2177 | telescope, optics
Title: Shouldn't this cause a fire? This website shows a telescope projecting the sun onto a blackboard: https://astronomyconnect.com/forums/articles/2-three-ways-to-safely-observe-the-sun.21/
Why isn't the board catching fire? You can easily start a fire on a sunny day by targeting the focal poin... | [
"damages only the pastures",
"would be easy to handle",
"damages the structure and animals trapped inside",
"would cause very few issues"
] | C | burning a living thing usually causes harm to that living thing |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2178 | thermodynamics, radiation, laser, thermal-radiation, heat-engine
Title: Most efficient mechanism for heating air I was read about small scale ion treatment which uses heats to high temperatures, would this be scalable and if so would there be any more efficient methods.
In summary, if you wanted to heat large volumes ... | [
"empty water bottle",
"cotton T-Shirt",
"baseball cap",
"empty soda can"
] | D | a thermal energy conductor transfers heat from hotter objects to cooler objects |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2179 | radiation
You see similar things happening here. The metal rod at the top of the lamp acts as a capacitive ground - given the very high voltage, a tiny charge will flow from the tip of the filament to the rod. There is a small amount of gas in the tube which is ionized and gives rise to the light you see. The electron... | [
"a pepperoni and cheese pizza",
"a heavy maple desk",
"an item made from a petroleum product with a cord sticking out the top",
"an old step ladder"
] | C | a candle is a source of light when it is burned |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2180 | entomology
Title: What is the name of this tiny creature? It looks like a tiny piece of moving cotton? By chance, I saw this tiny insect on my bag a few days ago in Sydney. Am I the first person who has pinpointed this animal?! If not can you please let me know its name? From your image, it looks like it might be a wo... | [
"plant in a greenhouse",
"plant in a garden",
"plant in a field",
"plant in a grove"
] | A | insects can have a negative impact on crops |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2181 | javascript, game, array
// use the index value outputs to calculate the next room 'down' the worldMap array
console.log('next room down: ' + worldMap.findNextRoom('down'));
currentMap = worldMap.findNextRoom('down');
console.log('new currentMap = ' + currentMap);
The following is multiple choice question (with opti... | [
"drowned it",
"burned it",
"ripped it",
"forgot it"
] | C | tearing means changing a whole into pieces |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2182 | The first of these factors, $$P(n_i=k \mid n_{i-1} = k)$$ is the probability of not finding the next toy in meal $$i$$. This depends only on how many toys we have: if we have one toy, the probability of getting that same toy again is 1/4. If we have three toys, the probability of getting any of them again is 3/4.
The ... | [
"grapefruit",
"flour",
"macaroni",
"ranch"
] | A | a berry contains seeds |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2183 | newtonian-mechanics, momentum, acceleration, collision
Title: A problem regarding a fiction Recently I watched a fictional(I guess) video: a man is crossing the road while a truck accelerates towards him and a superhero flashes and saves his life by taking him out of the road. He was very fast, therefore only a flash ... | [
"light rain",
"low speed",
"distant thunder",
"heavy fog"
] | D | a decrease in visibility while driving can cause people to crash their car |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2184 | experimental-chemistry
Pouring the copper sulfate solution into the beaker resulted in a vigorous reaction and quite a bit of heat. I stirred the reaction mixture and let it go to completion. The magnet still stuck strongly to the bottom of the beaker, indicating that there was still substantial powdered iron remainin... | [
"plastic toys",
"broken bottles",
"grass stains",
"wire braces"
] | D | metal is sometimes magnetic |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2185 | electricity
Title: Problems with a lithium battery I have a lithium battery that is separated from any device and is producing a whitish-gray smoke every time the wires move. Sometimes it makes hissing noises.
Is there a way to solve these problems? You probably want to drain its charge and put it into recycling. It'... | [
"source of ice",
"source of candy",
"Source of wind",
"source of warmth"
] | D | a hot substance is a source of heat |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2186 | inorganic-chemistry, redox, transition-metals
Title: Fe with different charges Taken these reactions:
\begin{align}
\ce{2\overset{0}{Fe} + 3Cl2 &-> 2\overset{+3}{Fe}Cl3} \tag{1}\\
\ce{\overset{0}{Fe} + 2HCl &-> \overset{+2}{Fe}Cl2 + H2} \tag{2}
\end{align}
Why does $\ce{Fe}$ have +3 charge in the first example and +... | [
"pull each other",
"touch each other",
"shove each other",
"grab each other"
] | C | magnetism can cause objects to repel each other |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2187 | thermodynamics, energy, power
Toyota Corolla, 13 gallon tank, 20% efficiency, 103 kWh usable energy
Tesla Roadster, 56 kWh battery capacity
Chevy Volt, 16 kWh battery capacity
If we compare a liquid Nitrogen car to the Chevy Volt it might not be so bad. But why would we do that? That car can still augment its range... | [
"a power outlet",
"an electric station",
"a charging station",
"a gasoline station"
] | D | an electric car contains an electric motor |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2188 | magnetic-fields, earth
Title: Would a compass on its side point at the ground? From a point just north of the equator, A straight line to the Magnetic North would be through the earth. If a compass was turned on it's side, would the north pointing arrow point toward the ground along that straight line? A compass is us... | [
"straight",
"left",
"backwards",
"right"
] | A | when the needle of a compass lines up with Earth 's magnetic poles , the needle points north |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2189 | physical-chemistry, everyday-chemistry, pressure, capillary-forces
Another way to think about it is this: as each microscopic parcel of liquid wicks into the unsnapped bud, it leaves a region of slightly lower pressure behind it. Since the end of the liquid column facing the snapped bud is open to atmosphere, that re... | [
"perspiration",
"hydration",
"condensation",
"transpiration"
] | D | transpiration is when water vapor moves from leaves into the atmosphere |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2190 | agriculture
Title: What does "permanent field" mean in agriculture? I am reading a book that in a paragraph talks about the agricultural methods used in prehistoric Finland.
The further north and east, the more extensive the amount of
burn-beat cultivation, which was a far from primitive form of
agriculture. The yiel... | [
"a field where apples, beans and squash is planted",
"a field where only grain is planted",
"a field where rice, corn and beans are planted",
"a field where fruits and vegetables are planted"
] | B | crop rotation has a positive impact on soil quality |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2191 | safety, equipment
Finally, make sure someone doesn't get the idea that the hood will stop all fumes and try to do a perchloric acid experiment using that hood--that will go badly.
Now, all this being said...
What you really need isn't to make this safe, what you need is to convince administration that you're doing th... | [
"buy and sell bikes to commuters",
"go on a biking tour of the country",
"go on a biking tour of the city",
"replace their driving to work with biking"
] | D | riding a bike does not cause pollution |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2192 | geophysics, sedimentology
Title: Does dirt compact itself over time? If so, how does this happen? If I were to bury something 10 feet (~3 metres) underground, with loose soil on top, would the ground naturally compact itself over time, until whatever I had buried has dirt tightly pressing against it on all sides?
What... | [
"strawberries that grow elsewhere",
"strawberries that grow there",
"shark's stomachs under water",
"underwater caves in France"
] | B | if some nutrients are in the soil then those nutrients are in the food chain |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2193 | # Distribute 11 fish to 4 persons, where each person should have at least 1 fish and the fishes are not all identical
I have a problem that I have not been able to find a solution to:
There are 9 black fishes, 1 yellow fish and 1 blue fish that are to be given to four (distinct) persons. Each person should have at le... | [
"putting on fresh clothing",
"visiting a desert area",
"burning the bucket in a fire",
"leaving the bucket out in a storm"
] | D | a renewable resource can be replaced |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2194 | neuroscience, neurophysiology, memory, cognition
Title: What are the advantages of forgetting? How forgetting things is helpful for the brain or the human body biologically? This web page
After some moment of being rude, selfish, or weak, either we are able to put it behind us, or the person who suffered at the res... | [
"getting facial acne",
"being smelly",
"having dirty hair",
"fostering healthy bacteria"
] | D | good bacteria grow on a human 's skin |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2195 | thermodynamics, energy, power
Toyota Corolla, 13 gallon tank, 20% efficiency, 103 kWh usable energy
Tesla Roadster, 56 kWh battery capacity
Chevy Volt, 16 kWh battery capacity
If we compare a liquid Nitrogen car to the Chevy Volt it might not be so bad. But why would we do that? That car can still augment its range... | [
"semi truck",
"Tesla Model S",
"Ford Explorer",
"Toyota Tundra"
] | B | electricity causes less pollution than gasoline |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2196 | meteorology, severe-weather
The lack of rich low-level moisture is due in large part to the lack of accessibility from warmer moisture sources, particularly the Gulf of Mexico; the Rockies provide a barrier to much of the moisture reaching further west.
As you note, parts of Wyoming and Montana do see supercells and t... | [
"Oregon",
"New York",
"Florida",
"Arizona"
] | D | a forest environment receives more rainfall than a desert |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2197 | energy-efficiency, thermal-insulation
Assuming you have a window opening of about 1$[m^2]$, the savings are about 1.5 times greater that LED.
Obviously, the savings will be :
The following is multiple choice question (with options) to answer.
A person wanting to use the daylight to power objects would consider adding... | [
"absorbing converters",
"convertible socks",
"metal eaves",
"play streets"
] | A | a solar panel converts sunlight into electricity |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2198 | Suppose A and B are statements of interest. Suppose we want to say in a short sentence that “whenever A is true, B is true, and that when A is false, we do not claim anything about the truth of B”. We use the word “implies” and state for short that “A is true implies B is true”, and mean the truth relations in the trut... | [
"octopuses are found in the jungle",
"birds are found in the deep ocean waters",
"sheep are found high in the tree",
"seaweed is found in the shallow waters near the beach"
] | D | aquatic plants live in bodies of water |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2199 | human-biology, neuroscience, zoology, physiology, history
If it is a mutation or set of mutations as the current thinking implies, there is a good chance that it is a combination of strong selection and accident. Its true that cooperation is often enjoys a strong selective advantage, but it doesn't make you smart or ... | [
"language",
"money",
"color",
"home"
] | C | the colors of the parts of an organism are inherited characteristics |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2200 | organic-chemistry
Title: What are the minimal chemical requirements for a food which we all can eat? I've been puzzled by the following though experiment for the past few days:
I want to make my own food from scratch, but I do not know where to start from.
I want to be 100% sure that what I eat will never contains som... | [
"throw it into the ocean",
"stomp on it with your feet",
"create a chemical reaction using a stove",
"walk to a cemetary"
] | C | cooking causes a chemical reaction |
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