source
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OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-1701
ecology, population-dynamics, ecosystem, antipredator-adaptation, predation I would also like to talk about other things that might be of interest in your model (two of them need you to allow evolutionary processes in your model): 1) lineage selection: predators that eat too much end up disappearing because they cause...
[ "construction activity", "mating", "more food", "growth" ]
A
harming an animal species causes that animal 's population to decrease
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-1702
measurements, home-experiment Title: How to measure speed of a ceiling fan? I thought for fun I might measure how my ceiling fan slows down when turned off, and maybe find out what forces act on it when it slows down. My problem is that for that I need to measure its rotational speed when it's turned on. When it's in ...
[ "melting", "evaporating", "rotating", "changing location" ]
D
speed is a measure of how fast an object is moving
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-1703
reproduction, human-genetics, human-genome I missed the "as a species" part of your question. Inbreeding will only likely have an effect within small, closed populations, though it will continue to have a lasting effect even as those populations grow and open up. Two textbook examples are French Canadians and Ashkenaz...
[ "competition among African wild dogs increases", "predators learn to swim", "prey communities get larger", "prey will be more visible" ]
A
as the population of prey decreases , competition between predators will increase
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-1704
species-identification, zoology, marine-biology, arthropod Title: What is this large, lively barnacle? Yesterday I found this creature in a rocky cove in central California, around mid tide (+ 3 feet). It's about 3-4 inches long. At first I thought it was dead, but it closed its mouth when I removed the tiny white peb...
[ "summer", "spring", "fall", "winter" ]
C
squirrels gather nuts in the autumn to eat during the winter
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-1705
human-biology, biochemistry, metabolism, food Which seem to go in different, rather contradictory directions. Also, Studies partially supporting either viewpoint can be found: Study considering hemoglobin A1c levels Study considering peak glucose levels Study considering snacking Which leaves the non-biologist askin...
[ "air", "cats", "wind", "Peppers" ]
D
carbohydrates are made of sugars
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-1706
zoology, ecology, species-distribution, migration Title: How do animals end up in remote areas? I was thinking specifically about random marshy water holes on farmers fields. It seems that you can visit just about any one of these and you will find frogs if you look hard enough. They usually don't seem to be connected...
[ "grass", "abundant food", "earth tremors", "natural winds" ]
C
natural disasters can cause animals to leave an environment
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-1707
asteroids, comets Title: How significant are the recent results that Scholz’s Star has perturbed several observed hyperbolic objects? The Gizmodo article A Visiting Star Jostled Our Solar System 70,000 Years Ago refers to the the three year old ApJ. paper The Closest Known Flyby of a Star to the Solar System (also arX...
[ "earth", "venus", "pluto", "jupiter" ]
C
Pluto is the planet that is ninth closest to the Sun
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-1708
mountains, rainfall Title: Could a waterfall lashing onto a road lead to a landslide? Here is a video of a waterfall lashing on to a mountain road, with vehicles driving under it. https://youtu.be/cHaguj--YBc There appears to be a big hole carved out right next to the road, possibly by the force of the waterfall. Is t...
[ "there is less vegetation", "downward movement is facilitated", "there is more debris", "it means more shifting occurs there." ]
B
landslides often occur on mountains
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-1709
geology, rocks, mineralogy Title: What is this Lake Michigan rock? Rock found along northern Lake Michigan, (Charlevoix, MI). Made up of very thin crystalline layers. There are small, round bubble like bumps that protrude from the surface. Doesn't show well in the picture, but the rock has a sugary appearance. I can't...
[ "construction workers", "mechanical weathering", "tectonic shifts", "asteroids" ]
B
a glacier causes mechanical weathering
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-1710
hydrology, rivers, dams Title: Do dams reduce the flow of river downstream? There is a conflict between Egypt and Ethiopia, because the latter wants to build a dam on the Nile river. Citing this article: [Egypt] fears the Nile dam will reduce its share of the river and leave the country with dwindling options as it...
[ "detect more water", "carry on without", "restore it", "quest for sources" ]
D
if the amount of available food and water decreases in an environment then animals may leave that environment to find food and water
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-1711
terminology, meteorology I've tried to illustrate the relationships with insolation and temperature here: There are some other ways too: Ecological. Scientists who study the behaviour of organisms (hibernation, blooming, etc.) adapt to the local climate, sometimes using 6 seasons in temperature zones, or only 2 in p...
[ "earth's rotors", "earth's slant", "earth's games", "earth's tone" ]
B
the Earth being tilted on its axis causes seasons
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-1712
radiation You see similar things happening here. The metal rod at the top of the lamp acts as a capacitive ground - given the very high voltage, a tiny charge will flow from the tip of the filament to the rod. There is a small amount of gas in the tube which is ionized and gives rise to the light you see. The electron...
[ "a fridge", "hand warmer", "a plate", "the new sun" ]
B
a flashlight emits light
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-1713
mechanical-engineering, gears Hopefully this all makes sense so far. A lever doesn't actually move strictly up-and-down, though. It rotates about the fulcrum. The actual distance the input traverses is $L_1\theta$, and the output moves $L_2\theta$, where $L_1$ is the length of the lever from the input side to the ful...
[ "planets", "small objects", "liquids", "substantial objects" ]
D
a lever is used for moving heavy objects
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-1714
virus Assuming that you're not going splunking in bat inhabited caves in West Africa, it's safe to assume that what we are worried about is human to human transmission through infectious fluids. Ebola actual isn't that stable in water, so just soaking a surface in water and a little oil might help you out (if you don...
[ "strep", "common cold", "measles", "diarrhea" ]
C
vaccines can help prevent illness
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-1715
geology, geomorphology, coastal Title: What causes such a narrow slit in a cliff? (see photo) I have this photo as a background image and I often wonder how such a narrow, well-defined slit could be formed. Is it natural or man-made? If natural, what processes could have formed it? The rest of the coastline is rugged...
[ "on top of a glacier", "somewhere in the Internet", "on a mountain top", "deep within the earth" ]
D
shale can be metamorphosed into slate by increased pressure
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-1716
star, night-sky Title: What is this rapidly twinkling red, blue, and white star I saw? Last night, I was on my balcony at 1AM (PST) and I looked up and saw two stars near the horizon (I'd guess ~30 degrees above the horizon), and they were "twinkling" about twice as fast as other stars higher in the sky, and I could c...
[ "moon", "skyline", "treetops", "ocean" ]
B
stars appear to move relative to the horizon during the night
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-1717
ecology, behaviour, sociality, predation, community-ecology Title: How selective are wolves about the size of their prey? For an animal that lives and hunts socially like a wolf, is there a lower threshold to the size of prey items they will hunt? A pack wouldn't have much trouble with catching say a rabbit, but would...
[ "being stinky", "being friendly", "being slow", "being loving" ]
A
most animals avoid bad odors
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-1718
species-identification, marine-biology Title: help identify this fish I came across this washed up fish in Panama City, Florida in November 2015. I'm guessing it's a puffer fish but I can't find anything like it online. Thanks. This is a kind of trunkfish. (They have different names, this could be a smooth or spotte...
[ "dihydrogen monoxide", "carbon monoxide", "dihydrotestosterone", "iron sulfate" ]
A
a fish lives in water
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-1719
evolution, speculative Title: Why Didn't Evolution Cause the Human Body to become Streamlined? If streamlining makes movement/locomotion quicker and easier, why didn't the apes evolve into life-forms that had streamlined bodies (much like fish)? If streamlining makes movement/locomotion quicker and easier, why didn't...
[ "webbed feet", "a tail", "wings", "a beak" ]
A
webbed feet are used for moving faster through water by aquatic animals
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-1720
biochemistry Title: Is hydrolysis of polypeptides and polysaccharides "anabolic" or "catabolic" When a polysaccharide or polypeptide is hydrolyzed into mono-saccharides or amino acids, the building blocks can be oxidized to release energy. The oxidation is considered to be catabolic since it reduces the building bloc...
[ "life forms", "food packaging", "refrigerators", "the sun" ]
A
cellular respiration is when cells break down food to produce energy
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-1721
evolution, botany, development, fruit, seeds What is the point of fruit if not to be eaten? It’s my understanding that organisms will adapt to survive and thrive. I understand that being eaten can spread seeds, but this just seems like too much of a risky tactic to rely on. Following on from part one: If being eaten i...
[ "winds", "dissent", "flame", "oaks" ]
D
birds are a vehicle for spreading the seeds of a plant
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-1722
atmosphere, temperature, humidity, atmospheric-optics Source As described here, condensation of cloud particles (i.e., contrail formation) will occur if the mixing between hot and moist exhaust from an aircraft engine and ambient environmental air results in the mixed air exceeding the ice saturation vapor pressure as...
[ "condense to solid", "expand outwardly", "disappear all together", "become a liquid" ]
A
freezing causes a solid to form
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-1723
dna, mammals, eggs Title: In what circumstances does a mammalian egg copy its DNA? In the 2nd episode of the new Cosmos series, the host Neil deGrasse Tyson shows how the white-furred bear could have evolved (reasonable scientific speculation, of course). If you haven't seen that episode, here's the link. Great show, ...
[ "it's a lame Turkish professor in a third rate Pennsylvanian college", "it's covered in polar snow ice", "it wants to make a Grizzly bear jealous", "its parents had white fur" ]
D
the coloration of fur is an inherited characteristic
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-1724
geology, mineralogy, minerals, weathering To me, supergene has a specific meaning, it may be part of the weathering process in some locations, but weathering involves the breaking down of rocks due to: reactions with atmospheric gasses, water (usually rain), changes brought on by plants, bacteria wind and temperature....
[ "large submarines are built", "new bikes are raced", "holes in the pathway", "2nd story houses are built" ]
C
weathering means breaking down surface materials from larger whole into smaller pieces by weather
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-1725
homework-and-exercises, work, potential-energy Title: Problem regarding finding work done This problem is given in my physics book. How much work will be done if anyone wants to stack up 12 bricks? Given that each brick is $10 cm$ high and each brick's mass is $2 kg$. ($g=9.8$) Now in finding my answer I used the mass...
[ "is electrified", "is static", "is changed", "is removed" ]
B
phase changes do not change mass
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-1726
magnetic-fields, earth Title: Would a compass on its side point at the ground? From a point just north of the equator, A straight line to the Magnetic North would be through the earth. If a compass was turned on it's side, would the north pointing arrow point toward the ground along that straight line? A compass is us...
[ "south", "west", "east", "north" ]
A
the floating arrow on a compass always points towards the north
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-1727
species-identification, botany, ecology, trees Title: Identifying a shrub with unusual "many shoots" growth behavior While recently hiking in the southern mountains of New Hampshire, we came across a plant, and some of them were exhibiting what we interpreted to be a disease, or least unusual growth. On some of the no...
[ "there are fewer total plants", "that plant type rolls out", "there is an earthquake", "there is exactly two trees" ]
B
as the number of pollinators attracted to a flower increases , the ability of that flower to reproduce will increase
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-1728
particle-physics, neutrinos, antennas Title: Can a neutrino antenna be made one day? I am wondering if it is theoretically possible that some kind of device/material could absorb neutrinos much better than everyday materials (preferably non-thermal absorption). This could enable a sort of neutrino antenna. How does an...
[ "cooler", "warmer", "heavier", "harder" ]
B
radiation is when heat is transferred through waves
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-1729
species-identification, zoology, entomology Title: Species identification; clusters of big plump red bugs in Taipei I saw these red insects in Taipei near XinBeitou MRT station in the last week of April 2017, around lunch time. They were fairly active and would keep checking each other out with their antennae for a mo...
[ "Dogs", "Leaves", "Cape elephant sengis", "Water" ]
C
pollination requires pollinating animals
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-1730
genetics, immunology, ecology, biodiversity, fitness Title: What does genetic diversity in one species have to do with survival rate when an epidemic spreads? I was studying about genes, and soon remembered that the more diverse the genetics of one species, the less the chance of the species to go extinct from natural...
[ "float", "minimal change", "augmented", "lowered" ]
C
as number of organisms in a group increases , the chance of survival of each organism will increase
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-1731
food, psychology, health, taste, children Title: Why do children prefer sweeter foods? As we get older, we tend to lose our sweet tooth and become more tolerant to bitter foods, like vegetables. However, I never understood how this works. Why is it that children prefer sweeter foods, even some that adults may consider...
[ "mice will be able to free Aslan", "some mice are able to have offspring", "predator missiles can hunt their target", "a field of mice can die of disease" ]
B
avoiding predators has a positive impact on prey 's ability to reproduce
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-1732
optics, everyday-life, reflection, refraction, diffraction Title: Why light rays gets scattered when it enters a translucent window pane? Consider the light source is the light post, outside the window of my house (Pic 1). When the rays from the light post enters through the window pane which is translucent gets scatt...
[ "colors all start disappearing", "hues multiply through it", "there are broken panes", "fires are put out" ]
B
a prism refracts light
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-1733
I believe that the answer is 0.18. geno3141  Jul 12, 2017 #2 +1129 +1 Geno, you have the hippo but you are missing the potamus. (Using subscripted variables makes it easier to present and keep track of the relations.) $$\small \text {Let A1 = {pass exam 1}, A2 = {pass exam 2}, A3 = {pass exam 3}, and A = {passes al...
[ "zero amounts of precipitation", "equal amounts of precipitation", "similar amounts of precipitation", "different amounts of precipitation" ]
D
a grassland environment receives more rainfall than a desert
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-1734
evolution, ornithology, palaeontology One thing those many, many bird and proto-bird fossils also made clear is that the traits of modern birds (feathers, wings, toothless beaks, etc) didn't evolve in a simple line from non-bird to bird. Many of those traits evolved convergently in several lineages, were lost in some,...
[ "swim", "run", "tidy up", "shop" ]
C
birds with beaks of different shapes eat different foods
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-1735
electrostatics, electric-circuits, electricity, electric-current, charge-carrier Title: Potential difference between two hollow spheres and amount of current flow If two Hollow Spheres with radius $r_1$ and $r_2$ have charge $q_1$ and $-q_2$ in them respectively(charges are evenly distributed in the surfaces).The sphe...
[ "electrifying looks", "lightning", "water", "wind" ]
B
if one electrical conductor contacts another electrical conductor then electricity will flow through both conductors
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-1736
cell-biology, nutrition, blood-circulation, liver Title: How do nutrients get to the cells they need to get to? I understand the basics of digestion. I know that nutrients get absorbed by the microvilli, enter the bloodstream and travel to the liver but after all that, what is the biological mechanism that guides thes...
[ "enter through the ears and exit through the toes", "be breathed in through the lungs and expelled through the eyes", "enter the rectum and be excreted out the mouth", "enter the mouth and be expelled out the rectum" ]
D
the digestive system digests food for the body
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-1737
organic-chemistry, molecules, carbohydrates Title: When oxygen is connected only to carbon, are then the oxygen and carbon connected with a double bond? My teacher showed us three molecules: a carbohydrate molecule, a protein molecule, and a lauric acid molecule. I noticed that, when an oxygen atom is connected to one...
[ "sharply declined", "grown", "decreased", "polluted public opinion" ]
B
carbon dioxide concentrations in the air have increased over the last decade dramatically
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-1738
a) Assuming that the ball starts with Joan, what is the probability that she will have it back after 2 throws? $\begin{array}{cccc} & \text{John} & \text{Joan} & \text{Kim} \\ \text{John} & 0 & \frac{1}{3} & \frac{2}{3} \\ \\[-4mm] \text{Joan} & \frac{1}{2} & 0 & \frac{1}{2} \\ \\[-4mm] Then: . $A^2 \;=\;\begin{pmatr...
[ "meet the dirt", "fall down dead", "reach a cloud", "reach new heights" ]
A
An example of hitting something is dropping an object onto that something
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-1739
organic-chemistry, combustion, environmental-chemistry, atmospheric-chemistry I'm suspicious this may just be ethanol, but the manufacturer swears it isn't. The advertised ratio is 1 oz to 12.5 gallons of fuel which is less than 0.1% (I believe they used double that in the tests). Too low to be ethanol anyway, right?...
[ "salt", "grain", "corn", "maize" ]
A
ethanol sometimes is made of corn
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-1740
rotation, habitable-zone, weather, astrobiology One of the interesting historical facts of life on Earth, at least to me, is how long it took what we might consider advanced life to develop. One celled life in various forms was around for over 3 billion years but the first fossils are about 650 million years old. ...
[ "a pond", "a national park", "a gravel pit", "a desert" ]
A
a body of water is a source of water
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-1741
physical-chemistry Title: Solution with salts Does a solution of water and NaCl increase its volume of the same amount of the volume of salt added? Thank you Does the ions Na+ and Cl- taken separately ,occupy more space than the binded molecule? Suppose we take $100$g of an $x$% by weight solution of sodium chloride,...
[ "how much light it emits", "how much sound it emits", "the energy needed to harden", "the speed it travels" ]
C
adding salt to a solid decreases the freezing point of that solid
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-1742
botany Title: Do plants absorb toxins from the soil? Consider a plant like Aloe Vera that grows up in a toxic environment where the concentration of pesticides, and materials like lead, mercury, cadmium, arsenic etc is very high(e.g. Marshland dumping yard ). Would that mean that the extract from these plants would co...
[ "petrify", "freeze", "wilt", "cremate" ]
D
fire destroys plants in an environment
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-1743
# Statistics of 7 game playoff series Background: a friend of mine makes a hobby (as I imagine many do) of trying to predict hockey playoff outcomes. He tries to guess the winning team in each matchup, and the number of games needed to win (for anyone unfamiliar with NHL hockey a series is decided by a best of 7). His...
[ "ice hockey arena", "the moon", "a frozen pond", "an ice rink" ]
B
the moon 's surface contains many craters
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-1744
intelligence There might of course also be recessive genes on the X-chromosome causing males, who has only one X-chromosome, to be smarter but genes that are not causing disease might not be so interesting to investigate from a medical point of view. According to wikipedia there are 499 x-linked genes and the total n...
[ "the cat", "a building", "moles", "the bike" ]
C
the shape of body parts is an inherited characteristic
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-1745
behaviour Title: What happens to silverfish when we throw them out the window? I'll find a silverfish from time to time in my flat. I don't mind them but usually I catch them and throw them off the balcony (second story) into the bushes and lawn below. I was wondering, since they seem to live in the water conduits in ...
[ "prepared", "having renovations done", "being built", "demolished" ]
D
if a habitat is destroyed then that habitat can not support animals
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-1746
electricity, electric-circuits, electric-current I was wearing flip flops from the time I stripped off my neoprene wet suit at the car until the time I started getting shocked (my wife was wearing Birkenstocks). I had been snorkeling for about an hour in the Pacific Ocean wearing a full body wet-suit, booties, and gl...
[ "a bandaid", "fur", "a rainbow", "a chicken" ]
A
as the thickness of an object increases , the resistance to damage of that object will increase
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-1747
water, solubility Title: Does CO2 dissolve in water? First of all not a homework question, but one day it suddenly popped into my head while opening a bottle of soda and accidentally leaving a glass out for a while. I get that $\ce{CO2}$ in water is not the same as Carbonic acid, however this also raises the question ...
[ "steel", "plastids", "plastic", "carbonic anhydride" ]
D
a carbonated beverage contains dissolved carbon dioxide
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-1748
botany, plant-physiology, plant-anatomy It made me wonder if we are simulating the sun in a dark room for growing the plants with the help of red, blue, and a little bit of far-red light, what will happen to the plants if we keep the ideal conditions for which the plants carry out photosynthesis whole day? Does it aff...
[ "Comfort them", "Mimic sunlight", "Keep plants warm", "Protect from bugs" ]
B
a plant light is used for help plants by mimicking sunlight
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-1749
Kudos [?]: 4 [2] , given: 0 Re: Good set of PS 2 [#permalink]  19 Oct 2009, 08:02 2 KUDOS Bunuel wrote: 4. A contractor estimated that his 10-man crew could complete the construction in 110 days if there was no rain. (Assume the crew does not work on any rainy day and rain is the only factor that can deter the crew f...
[ "grow gills and live on a raft", "use a large lawn mower", "introduce replacement timber producers", "get out your weed whacker" ]
C
a tree can be replaced by planting a new tree
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-1750
A. 1 B. 2 C. 4 D. 5 E. 6 After 17 trips, the worker has carried 17 x 4 = 68 jugs. From those 68 jugs, 68/7 = 9 cartons have been filled, with 5 extra jugs remaining. So, the worker needs one more trip to carry 2 more jugs to fill the partially filled carton with those 2 jugs. _________________ # Scott Woodbury-Stew...
[ "positive feedback", "silly nonsense", "magical purposes", "reproductive behavior" ]
D
seals every year return to the same beaches to give birth
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-1751
zoology, bacteriology, virology, mycology, infectious-diseases Title: Beneficial effects of the fungi of a termite mound on the diseases suffered by the termites My motivation to join this Biology Stack Exchange is the article by David Pride that I've read from the Spanish edition of Scientific American, that's Invest...
[ "dehydration", "death", "brawn", "starvation" ]
C
being stronger usually has a positive impact on an living thing 's health
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-1752
entomology Title: What is the name of this tiny creature? It looks like a tiny piece of moving cotton? By chance, I saw this tiny insect on my bag a few days ago in Sydney. Am I the first person who has pinpointed this animal?! If not can you please let me know its name? From your image, it looks like it might be a wo...
[ "contains uranium", "is genetically modified", "contains bees", "contains botulism" ]
D
bacteria can cause people to become ill
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-1753
rocks, remote-sensing, archaeology, ground-truth Together, #1, #2, and #3 tell us that it's probably early summer just after the river ice has broken up. The tooth-like features in the left image are simply erosional remnants sticking out of the riverbank. They could be bedrock (not likely), ice wedges, unmelted perm...
[ "sink holes", "erosion", "water accumulation", "high traffic" ]
B
soil loss causes grooves in soil
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-1754
earth-rotation, seasons, time Title: Are the length of seasons the same globally? Is the length of time, say months, for each season the same all over the world or can it vary? As has been noted in a comment, it depends on how you define seasons (see https://earthscience.stackexchange.com/a/2603/111). If seasons are ...
[ "volcanic eruptions", "moon cycles", "prairies", "planets orbit" ]
C
seasons cause change to the environment
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-1755
the-sun, solar-system, earth, temperature, weather That Wikipedia quote mentioned that "change in day length is another factor". I have some info and graphs about that here. The distance from the Earth to the Sun does have an effect on the climate, but it's fairly minor. Currently, the Earth is closest to the Sun (pe...
[ "states", "division", "cities", "counties" ]
B
December is during the summer in the southern hemisphere
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-1756
planets, orbital-motion, stars Title: Could there be a star orbiting around a planet? I wonder if there ever could be a star (really small) which may orbit around a planet (really big)? One thing to keep in mind is that objects that are bound gravitationally actually revolve around each other around a point called a b...
[ "continents", "satellites", "starry skies", "seasons" ]
D
the Earth revolving around the Sun causes the seasons to change on its axis
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-1757
inorganic-chemistry Title: How do I derive metallic aluminum without electricity? I'm laying the foundation for a project called 21st Century steampunk, where I figure out what the world would look like if electricity was never discovered. I'm wondering if it's possible to derive usable metallic aluminum from naturall...
[ "Impossible", "Watering the grass", "building a dam", "Planting soda cans" ]
A
aluminum is a nonrenewable resource
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-1758
the-sun, coordinate Title: Is the sun flipped on the other side of the world? As the orientation of the moon is different in the northern and the southern hemisphere, is the orientation of the sun different in both hemisphere? Does a sunspot appearing in the Sun northern hemisphere from the Earth northern hemisphere ...
[ "Spring", "Summer", "Winter", "Fall" ]
D
winter in the Northern Hemisphere is during the summer in the Southern Hemisphere
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-1759
human-biology, physiology, metabolism Thus, carbon dioxide (in the form of bicarbonate) is an obligate requiement for mammalian fatty acid biosynthesis, but no CO2-derived carbon is incorporated into fatty acids. Carbon dioxide is also required for oxaloacetate formation from pyruvate. This reaction may be though of...
[ "neck", "ears", "eyes", "brain" ]
A
carbon dioxide can be found in the air
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-1760
electromagnetism, electricity, electrons, atoms, voltage 1Actually, electrons are also small magnets themselves (they have an instrisic quantum-mechanical spin) and therefore are attracted to inhomogenic magnetic fields, but that's quite another issue. 2Actually, it would... but that's mostly relevant in the high-freq...
[ "A feather", "A brush", "A pillow", "A zipper" ]
D
if a magnet is attracted to a metal then that magnet will stick to that metal
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-1761
# Thread: physics tourist & bear problem 1. ## physics tourist & bear problem another easy one i think: A tourist being chased by an angry bear is running in a straight line toward his car at a speed of 3.5 m/s. The car is a distance d away. The bear is 27 m behind the tourist and running at 6.0 m/s. The tourist rea...
[ "a herbivore", "an omnivore", "a carnivore", "a predator" ]
A
if an animal eats another animal then that animal is a carnivore or omnivore or predator
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-1762
radiation You see similar things happening here. The metal rod at the top of the lamp acts as a capacitive ground - given the very high voltage, a tiny charge will flow from the tip of the filament to the rod. There is a small amount of gas in the tube which is ionized and gives rise to the light you see. The electron...
[ "cries", "wiggles", "sears", "dies" ]
C
if a substance absorbs solar energy then that substance will increase in temperature
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-1763
power, estimation, combustion eg assume 6 kWh/kg for a sample of dry wood. 10% moisture would displace $\rm10\% \times 6000\,Wh = 600\,Wh$ from a 1kg mass. $\rm600\,Wh = 600 \times 3600 = 2.16\,MJ$. Energy to heat 100 g water 10$^\circ$C say to $\rm100\,^\circ C \simeq 4.3\,J/^\circ C/g \times (100\,^\circ C-10\,^\cir...
[ "grows", "freezes", "shrinks", "incinerates" ]
D
dry wood easily burns
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-1764
meteorology, atmosphere, carbon, co2, rain Bear in mind that this assumes an enormous rainfall intensity, 100% CO2 saturation of the water and equilibrium chemical dynamics. After the raindrops hit the ground at least half of it will immediately re-evaporate back into the air, leaving, at absolute most, about 3% of th...
[ "leave to town", "jump for joy", "recede from warmth", "burn with acid" ]
C
An example of evaporation is a body of water drying up by absorbing heat energy
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-1765
protein-structure, structural-biology, protein-folding I would conclude by noting that although the individual components of these cellular polyproteins interact with one another to cooperate in the biosynthesis, the flexibility they exhibit allows transfer of the growing substrate from one component to another. The ...
[ "A car", "A bird", "play dough", "A building" ]
C
if a flexible container is pushed on then that container will change shape
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-1766
human-biology, reproduction, anthropology Note: here is a link about multiple pregnancy : https://www.healthline.com/health/pregnancy/chances-of-having-twins#assisted-reproduction. 49 - 19 = 30 So the 1st Child would be 30 when the last children would be born, as long as the parents stay healthy and the mother deliver...
[ "their biological child", "a human", "formula fed", "an adopted child" ]
A
two females can not usually reproduce with each other
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-1767
biochemistry, endocrinology, environment Title: How quickly do estrogens break down in the environment? Of all the synthetic hormones we use, estrogens are probably the most common. They are used for birth control as well as hormone replacement therapy. This researcher also shows that there is plenty of it in milk b...
[ "tree filled", "ice caps", "city", "desert" ]
A
a forest environment is often green in color
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-1768
reaction-mechanism, safety Title: What are the consequences of mixing Ferric Chloride Solution, distilled vinegar, baking soda and water? I was attempting to etch and blade with a ferric chloride solution. I did not have enough so I filled a glass with vinegar and water (3 parts vinegar to 1 part water) then added 2 o...
[ "air", "bees", "cola", "sand" ]
C
baking soda can react chemically with vinegar
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-1769
geology, geophysics, climate-change, carbon-cycle We can see here in white numbers the most significant pre-industrial sources and sinks (at ~1000 years time scales). We can see that humans produce 9 Gigatons of carbon per year (GtC/yr), due to that extra inflow, photosynthesis is taking 3 GtC/yr more than before, and...
[ "a forest", "a garden", "a park", "a crowded airplane" ]
D
as the population of plants decreases , carbon in the atmosphere will increase
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-1770
newtonian-mechanics, forces, rotational-dynamics, reference-frames, torque Of course, when the time constants of all of these spring is short, as it is with the kinds of interactions we are interested in here, this real behavior gets close and closer to a "rigid body" like behavior. Indeed, what we can show is that t...
[ "get smaller", "hit you", "die", "get big" ]
D
as distance from an object decreases , that object will appear larger
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-1771
evolution, dna, natural-selection It seems plausible to me that we (advanced life) could have a biological mechanism to "write" needed alterations into either our own DNA or our reproductive DNA over time, triggering the very specific evolutionary developments necessary to our survival without relying on random mutati...
[ "love", "feelings", "horns", "attached flying contraptions" ]
D
incomplete metamorphosis is when an insect reaches the adult stage without being a pupa
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-1772
star, planet Title: Why is it always planets orbiting stars? In our solar system, there are 8 planets orbiting a star, the Sun. And I understand that there are about 500 confirmed solar systems out there. But why is it always planets orbiting stars? Why can't it be several stars orbiting a planet, or a star orbiting ...
[ "asteroids", "moons", "burning hydrogen ball", "they are orbitless" ]
C
planets orbit stars
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-1773
species-identification, zoology, ornithology Title: Identification by tail feather I saw the remains of a bird today I did not recognize, and it was pretty mangled so it was hard to describe it. It was about the size of a robin. However, it had a dark brown mottled body like nothing I have ever seen. I have included b...
[ "four legs", "fur", "teeth", "wings" ]
D
chickens cluck
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-1774
food-chemistry popcorn (kernels) honey (jar of) sugar (most forms) alcohol (spirits like vodka, whiskey) dried beans, dried lentils I would not be planning to eat any of these stored for 25 years myself. And in general I'd suggest testing the items before trying them after 25 years or more (if you feel you must). I ...
[ "recipe for dynamite", "a trail mix", "a birthday cake", "a cookie recipe" ]
B
An example of a mixture is clay mixed together
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-1775
Anyway, those highest points tend to be saddles. The very, very highest point-- where's that in Alaska or somewhere-- that's a max, of course, by definition. But there are a lot of saddle points in other places. And those would be maxima of minima or minima of maxima. Good. I'm stopping there. We might see this again ...
[ "Where dogs live", "frequented by lightening", "Have more rivers", "Where cats live" ]
B
a plateau is formed by a buildup of cooled lava
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-1776
java, beginner, object-oriented, game, android public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity { private Button buttonStart; private ImageButton rotateButton; private ImageButton rightButton; private ImageButton downButton; private ImageButton leftButton; private TextView pointTextView; private TextView highscor...
[ "turns on the dishwasher", "switches a simple series circuit on or off", "fills the bathtub with water", "turns on the microwave" ]
B
when a switch in a simple series circuit is closed , electricity will flow through the circuit
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-1777
atmosphere, geography Title: How much atmoshphere is there compared to land and water We know our earth has 71% water and 29% land, but compared to that land and water, how much air do we have in our atmosphere? I mean: How big is our atmosphere Is there any increase or decrease in the amount of atmosphere over time...
[ "N", "fire", "clouds", "wind" ]
A
the atmosphere is made of 78% nitrogen
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-1778
botany, plant-physiology, plant-anatomy It made me wonder if we are simulating the sun in a dark room for growing the plants with the help of red, blue, and a little bit of far-red light, what will happen to the plants if we keep the ideal conditions for which the plants carry out photosynthesis whole day? Does it aff...
[ "it spreads out leaves flat", "leaves leaves on fire", "it makes leaves curl up", "opens leaves inside out" ]
A
as flatness of a leaf increases , the amount of sunlight that leaf can absorb will increase
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-1779
everyday-chemistry, cleaning, minerals Once you've got the crystal to the cleanliness you're happy with, you can polish it with powdered polish and a cloth, given time. If instead of nice, angular crystals you're just trying to produce something like a smooth, rounded stone, after cleaning with water you can use a ser...
[ "smelted silica", "granite", "diamonds", "steel" ]
A
quartz scratches glass easily
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-1780
particle-physics, astrophysics, education Title: Are leptons, baryons and energy the only products of radioactive decay? I recently visited my child's elementary school to speak to a science classroom about rocks and minerals. While trying to explain what a crystal is, I got sloppy and mis-spoke that an atom was the s...
[ "biotic", "inanimate", "dead", "live action" ]
A
an organism is a source of organic matter
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-1781
sea-level, tides, seasons, flooding Title: How was Venice flooded? If I understand this correctly, Venice was not flooded due to sudden rainfall causing rivers to overflow, but due to the high tides. These high tides were caused by an alignment of sun, which was expanding the waters of the oceans disproportionately on...
[ "dryness", "droughts", "sunlight", "deluges" ]
D
heavy rains cause flooding
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-1782
javascript, beginner, jquery, html, adventure-game <div class="situation_text"> You walk away from the cave, to search for food. You find berries. Do you eat them or not? </div> <input type="button" class="situation_choice" value="Eat the berries" data-situation-tar...
[ "seeds dying", "berry pips relocating", "crows hoarding", "people coughing" ]
B
seed dispersal is when the seeds of a plant are spread from the parent plant to another area
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-1783
genetics Additional response added as requested: I see what you are getting at - why do children seem like such individual and unique things sometimes? In sexual reproduction, the offspring are the product of the shuffling of the parent's genomes through meiosis, where the pairs of chromosomes we have are combined to ...
[ "gene therapy", "documents", "double helix", "paperwork" ]
C
offspring receive genes from their parents through DNA
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-1784
water, solubility Title: Does CO2 dissolve in water? First of all not a homework question, but one day it suddenly popped into my head while opening a bottle of soda and accidentally leaving a glass out for a while. I get that $\ce{CO2}$ in water is not the same as Carbonic acid, however this also raises the question ...
[ "crystal carbohydrates", "iron", "oil", "plastic" ]
A
sugar dissolves in water when they are combined
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-1785
zoology From Scripture's research: “. . . a live frog can actually be boiled without a movement if the water is heated slowly enough; in one experiment, the temperature was raised at the rate of 0.002 degrees Celsius per second, and the frog was found dead at the end of 2.5 hours without having moved." Accord...
[ "doves", "grizzlies", "rats", "people" ]
B
An example of hibernation is a frog burying itself in mud
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-1786
zoology Title: Are penguins plantigrade or digigrade? I'm trying to rig a 3D model of a penguin, but I don't know where to put the bones near the ankle because I can't tell if they're digigrade or plantigrade. Nearly all birds are digigrade, but penguins spend a lot of time walking and don't generally grasp or run wit...
[ "sunlight", "bears", "weather", "feathers" ]
D
thick feathers can be used for keeping warm
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-1787
thermodynamics, electricity Title: Removal of heat from a closed system using electricity I was thinking this morning about how heat could be removed from a system in such a way that it is stored for future use. My ideas are a form of thermo-electric system that converts heat into electricity which can be stored in b...
[ "reading books", "eating candy", "bodies", "touching things" ]
C
a solar panel converts sunlight into electricity
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-1788
cell-biology, hematology, red-blood-cell Title: Why are red blood cells considered to be cells? Wikipedia states that a cell is the basic structural, functional and biological unit of all known living organisms. Cells are the smallest unit of life that can replicate independently. It then goes on to state that All...
[ "candida", "sea turtle", "dragonfly", "daisy" ]
A
if a cell can not specialize then that cell must perform all life functions
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-1789
organic-chemistry, acid-base Title: What are the predominant acids in sphagnum peat moss? I'm trying to figure out what the predominant acidic substances in peat moss are. Peat moss is said to have a pH of approximately 4.0. So, I'm curious what is making it acidic. I know not all acids bind to various elements in the...
[ "cats", "birds", "tomatoes", "dolphins" ]
C
the formation of peat occurs at the bottom of swamps
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-1790
photography, software Title: How to find which part of the sky a photo contains? I was taking some photo stacks yesterday, and I also took a plenty of random ones (pointed not at a specific object) too at 200mm. However, I've ended with a shot but I have no idea where I pointed my camera at, and because of the narrow ...
[ "take a picture", "to look up", "great vision", "cylinder with mirrors" ]
D
detailed observation of celestial objects requires a telescope
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-1791
was in the air (between Point 1 and Point 3. A similar but more complete diagnostic test is being developed, but the subject of measurement uncertainty does not lend itself well to a right/wrong test, so even experts may disagree about which answers are "right" on such a test. 0 g and the masses to the left of the fulc...
[ "atomic mass", "a weighter", "kilograms", "a scale" ]
D
a scale is used for measuring weight
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-1792
virus Assuming that you're not going splunking in bat inhabited caves in West Africa, it's safe to assume that what we are worried about is human to human transmission through infectious fluids. Ebola actual isn't that stable in water, so just soaking a surface in water and a little oil might help you out (if you don...
[ "hypothermia", "seizure", "overheating", "cramps" ]
C
when the body is hot , sweat is produced to cool the body
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-1793
evolution, vision, neurophysiology Mid-reds with mid-greens Blue-greens with grey and mid-pinks Bright greens with yellows Pale pinks with light grey Mid-reds with mid-brown Light blues with lilac There are reports on the benefits of being red-green color blind under certain specific conditions. For example, Morgan e...
[ "a church", "the zoo", "alaska", "africa" ]
C
mimicry is used for avoiding predators by animals by camouflaging as a dangerous animal
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-1794
ecology I have tried to find explanatory texts both in this and other books without any success so my question is how's this balanced state achieved in both types of successions (the answer is hinted in the first paragraph which I don't quite understand)? Related to my last post. The author is saying that 1) Mature ec...
[ "fertilizer is applied", "gets more sun", "H2O depletes", "grows" ]
C
as available water decreases , the population of plants will decrease
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-1795
components of the momentum vector in all spatial dimensions. To see how mass conservation places restrictions on the velocity field, consider the steady flow of fluid through a duct (that is, the inlet and outlet flows do not vary with time). Which has a parabolic form as expected. Electromagnetism G. from the perspect...
[ "large salt-water ocean", "a mountain peak", "a fjord", "a flood plain" ]
D
when a river floods , that river deposits sediment in flood plains
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-1796
evolution, mammals Title: Why haven't land animals evolved beyond urination? It occurred to me (while urinating) that this would seem to be selected against because water is a scarce resource. Why are we constantly losing water we don't need to through urination? What is it about the chemistry of urine and the was...
[ "fire", "persons insides", "oceans", "body of paragraph" ]
B
the excretory system removes waste from the body
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-1797
Live Urban Brown Before And After, Excel Vba Create Pivot Table With Data Model, Waterproof Ipad Mini 4 Case, Double Trough Sink, Basic Warehousing Procedures, Temporary Wheelchair Ramp Rental, Will Frontline Still Work If My Cat Licks It, Text Detection In Images, Door Lever With Push Button Lock, The following is mu...
[ "pebbles", "lunch", "toys", "wheels" ]
B
an animal requires energy to move
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-1798
entomology Title: What is the name of this tiny creature? It looks like a tiny piece of moving cotton? By chance, I saw this tiny insect on my bag a few days ago in Sydney. Am I the first person who has pinpointed this animal?! If not can you please let me know its name? From your image, it looks like it might be a wo...
[ "hyenas", "lions", "honey makers", "rhinos" ]
C
A bee is a pollinating animal
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-1799
earth-history, planetary-science, meteorite, planetary-formation The measured concentration of HSEs in the Martian mantle is similar to the Earth’s (Walker, 2009; Brandon et al., 2012). Based on a conclusion made by Brandon et al. that The relatively high HSE abundances in both planetary mantles likely cannot be...
[ "stoned", "markers", "diamonds", "ground material" ]
D
Earth is made of rock
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-1800
geology, glaciology, geomorphology, ice-age, glaciation Title: How old are Chile's fjords? Do we have any knowledge about the age of Chile's fjords, more specifically, those found near the Northern Patagonian Ice Field? Is it reasonable to conclude that they were formed in Quaternary given the fact that there exist gl...
[ "looking at the moon", "looking at the dogs", "looking at the sky conditions", "glancing at nearby stone" ]
D
glaciers cause scratches in rocks