source string | id string | question string | options list | answer string | reasoning string |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-1601 | microscopy, histology, fluorescent-microscopy
If I need a fluorescent one, wondering if there is anything else needed, like special lighting or special materials for tagging the cells, which seems like it might require extra stuff like centrifuge and who knows what else.
Samples can sometimes have autofluorescence (e... | [
"giraffes",
"trees",
"butterflies",
"sea life"
] | D | microscope is used to see small things by making them appear bigger |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-1602 | • I think the gif dosn't really fit this site, though I can't say if there is a specific rule against such things – Yuriy S Oct 10 '16 at 11:27
• @YuriyS: Hmm ... I am sorry to learn that people may find it inappropriate! That was by no means my intention! Do you think it would work better by removing the gif an leave ... | [
"it is elderly",
"it is bored",
"it is vital",
"it required nutriment"
] | D | lack of food causes starvation |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-1603 | thermodynamics, thermal-radiation, thermal-conductivity
Title: What can I do to be invisible for the IR-camera on board of a police helicopter? I think we all have seen the images of crime suspects, running in the dark of the night to escape the police, made with the help of infrared cameras. What can I do to be invis... | [
"experimenting with volatile and vaporous liquids",
"dumping lab rats in the incinerator",
"interfacing with tenured professors",
"wearing a sports cup"
] | A | safety goggles are used for protecting the eyes during experiments |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-1604 | It just turns out nicely for C that he is one of the people whose hat colors D and C both know about.
To introduce a modified challange: if the task were to yell out C's hat color right away, D would know for certain, C would have the increased probability of $2/3$ and A and B would be stuck with the random guess of $... | [
"shuffle sunlight with mirrors",
"direct sunlight with cones",
"direct others with glass",
"direct shades with hands"
] | A | a mirror is used for reflecting light |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-1605 | zoology, behaviour, mammals, rodents
Title: Why do Guinea Pigs chirp / sing? Ok, so this appears to be quite a mystery. Me and my girlfriend have 2 Guinea Pigs, 1 male and 1 female.
My girlfriend once picked up the female one and took her outside into our garden. The Guinea got scared for some unknown reason and jump... | [
"radio waves",
"air horns",
"people talking",
"clicks"
] | D | sound can be used for communication by animals |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-1606 | atmosphere, climate-change, thermodynamics, radiative-transfer
All of which have a compounding effect in the regional and to a lesser degree, global environment, that Chen et al. attribute to as being a cause of a 1-2K temperature rise in high altitude areas in Eurasia and North America and as a disrupting influence i... | [
"glaciers become too large",
"global sea level decreases",
"Antartica and Greenland icebergs will melt",
"Earth absorbs less sunlight"
] | C | if the atmospheric temperature rises then the glaciers will melt |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-1607 | zoology, ethology, behaviour, psychology, death
I can't prove it to you, but I know that my Beagle had a rich emotional life. I know this because I spent huge amounts of time with him. He was a close friend of mine. I would just as soon question whether my wife has real emotions as my dog. I can't prove that my wife's... | [
"wind",
"fire",
"revenge",
"air"
] | C | An example of an instinctive behavior is a baby bird pecking at its shell to hatch |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-1608 | electromagnetic-radiation
Here is something you can do for fun and might be instructive too. Get a small portable AM radio and tune it between stations. Now move it around near your computer when the computer is running. You will hear all kinds of strange noises. The noises might even change somewhat depending on ... | [
"solar energy",
"wind energy",
"chemical energy",
"elbow grease"
] | C | a battery converts chemical energy into electrical energy |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-1609 | ornithology
Title: How do birds learn their tunes in isolation from their own species? I wonder what a bird would sing if it didn't have its parents around (or any other birds for that matter) to learn its chirping sounds from.
I'm interested in how a bird would sing...
in complete isolation from creatures communicat... | [
"raspberries",
"cars",
"buildings",
"wind"
] | A | A bird is a pollinating animal |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-1610 | optics, atmospheric-science, weather
Title: Explanation for an unexpected rainbow Yesterday, I observed an unexpected rainbow in the sky. There was no forecast for rain, neither was it raining anywhere nearby. I have been trying to find an explanation but don't seem to find any. Can someone please explain what this ra... | [
"grass",
"winds",
"solar rays",
"oceans"
] | C | sunlight and rain can cause a rainbow |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-1611 | physical-chemistry, water, heat
What do you want to do with the hot water? Swim in it. I was thinking
of thousands of liters
That's an interesting idea, but unfortunately, I don't think adding chemicals to a pool in order to heat it is a good idea (especially yellowish chemicals). The water temperature would drop i... | [
"drains",
"dries",
"bloats",
"sinks"
] | C | as the amount of water in a body of water increases , the water levels will increase |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-1612 | star, galaxy
If you're on a farm, away from cities, in a place with reasonably low light pollution, and your eyes are good, and you've been sitting in perfect pitch black darkness for at least 30 minutes prior - when you look up you can reasonably expect to see a few thousand objects, mostly stars. Keep looking, and a... | [
"clumps of flaming gas",
"tidal waves washing over beaches",
"party balloons tied to houses",
"aircraft falling towards collision"
] | A | a star is made of gases |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-1613 | geology, crust, geobiology
Title: Does crustal thickness have anything to do with how life existed and sustained on Earth? The original question that was put on hold "If the crust were the thickest layer of Earth, what effect would its thickness have on organisms?" was actually one of those 'counterfactual question' ... | [
"clouds",
"stars",
"air",
"worms"
] | D | the crust is a layer of the Earth |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-1614 | gravity
Title: Is the gravity on Kepler 39b higher than on the Sun? According to the formula for gravitational acceleration $a = GM/r^2$ where $G=6.674 \times 10^{-11}$, Jupiter with mass 1.89813 × 10^27 kg and radius 69,911,000 m gives a gravity around 25m/s^2. The Sun with mass 1.989 × 10^30 kg and radius 695,510,00... | [
"grow",
"fluctuate",
"shrink",
"reverse"
] | A | as mass of a celestial body increases , the force of gravity on that planet will increase |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-1615 | development, morphology
Title: Are there special constants in biology that define organism's morphology? In math, there are special numbers, like Pi (3.14159...) and e (2.71828...). In chemistry, there's numbers like avogadro's number (6.0221413e+23). For example a circle can be defined in terms of 2 * Pi.
Are there a... | [
"survival of fittest",
"random chance",
"the organisms creators",
"natural predators"
] | C | the number of body parts of an organism is an inherited characteristic |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-1616 | evolutionary-algorithms, neat, fitness-functions, fitness-design
But this blows up the score too much and now the food quality is not respected and they just gulp on anything slightly above 0. A human analogy can help you here (a variance).
Initialize all the agents with an initial value $x$; we will call this energyU... | [
"waste it",
"modify it",
"disperse it",
"displace it"
] | C | as ability to preserve food increases , the ability to transport food increases |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-1617 | evolution, zoology
Title: Why are hens so different from other birds? Hens lay many eggs during their lifetime (at least, I don't know of one which can lay more eggs) and they can't fly. Compared to other domestic animals it seems to me they are the least capable of defending themselves or escape if it comes to be lef... | [
"penguins",
"snakes",
"turtles",
"kittens"
] | D | some adult animals lay eggs |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-1618 | genetics, vision, sex-chromosome, color
Females have two X-chromosomes, and can either be homozygous or heterozygous for the X-chromosome opsin allele. If homozygous, they are dichromatic; however, females who carry both an allele for an L opsin and one for an M opsin have the equivalent of normal human color vision, ... | [
"chart the likelihood",
"pray for peace",
"take a vacation",
"inject a dye"
] | A | a Punnett square is used to identify the percent chance of a trait being passed down from a parent to its offspring |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-1619 | It just turns out nicely for C that he is one of the people whose hat colors D and C both know about.
To introduce a modified challange: if the task were to yell out C's hat color right away, D would know for certain, C would have the increased probability of $2/3$ and A and B would be stuck with the random guess of $... | [
"making",
"eating",
"crying",
"noting"
] | D | seeing is used for sensing visual things |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-1620 | zoology, ichthyology, marine-biology
Switek goes on to to talk about exceptions in some marine mammals:
At this point some of you might raise the point that living pinnipeds like seals and sea lions move in a side-to-side motion underwater. That may be true on a superficial level, but pinnipeds primarily use their mo... | [
"pushed directly behind it",
"pushed up and below it",
"evaporated by salt water",
"pushed in front of it"
] | A | a squid produces thrust by pushing water out of its body |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-1621 | c#, design-patterns, beginner, classes
//Happiness relates to playing with the pet
public PetMood Mood { get; protected set; }
//Pet hunger level
public HungerLevel Hunger { get; protected set; }
//Has the pet been vaccinated
public bool IsVaccinated { get; private set; }
... | [
"a meatball",
"some oregano",
"cat food",
"a steak"
] | B | rabbits eat plants |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-1622 | Question
(a) The “lead” in pencils is a graphite composition with a Young's modulus of about $1 \times 10^9 \textrm{ N/m}^2$. Calculate the change in length of the lead in an automatic pencil if you tap it straight into the pencil with a force of 4.0 N. The lead is 0.50 mm in diameter and 60 mm long. (b) Is the answer ... | [
"aluminum",
"stable carbon",
"sunlight",
"mineral water"
] | B | pencil lead contains mineral graphite |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-1623 | hydrology, mountains, rivers
Title: Why do rivers have 'wells' in mountains? Why/how can rivers have sources in places high above the sea level? The presence of water underground has nothing to do with sea level in mountainous country.
When rain fails on a mountain, or snow falls on a mountain and the snow eventually ... | [
"pollution",
"to the right",
"species",
"to the left"
] | B | the slope of the land causes a river to flow in a particular direction |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-1624 | electromagnetism, electric-current, electronics, biophysics, electrical-engineering
Title: Why does an MRI machine or other EMP generating machine not damage humans, but it will fry computers? A sufficiently strong electromagnetic pulse can/will destroy smartphones and computers.
I know somebody who went into MRI mach... | [
"neodymium",
"a paper clip",
"copper penny",
"metal nails"
] | A | metal is sometimes magnetic |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-1625 | biochemistry, botany, plant-physiology, photosynthesis
What are typical characteristics of different plants in this regard? I.e., how do common species of plants manage their C consumption before (and after) the development of leaves? There are quite a few questions and thoughts in there, I'll try to cover them all:
F... | [
"spreads it's leaves",
"has a bite",
"spreads upside down",
"catches rabbits"
] | A | a leaf absorbs sunlight to perform photosynthesis |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-1626 | light
More massive stars also "evolve" faster, because they burn their available fuel much faster. An "evolved" star is one which has finished fusing hydrogen in its core and moved on to "shell" burning around the core or burning heavier fuels in its core. Shell burning stars tend to be bigger and cooler than main seq... | [
"moon rotation causing friction",
"light energy flowing to earth",
"reactions of nuclear form",
"global warming caused by co2"
] | C | a star is a source of light energy through nuclear reactions |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-1627 | evolution, ecology, natural-selection, adaptation
Title: What are Some Classical Examples of Local Adaptation? Question
Can you please give a list of classical (textbook) examples of local adaptations?
How to answer
Examples don't necessarily need to include what evidence supports this specific example of local adapt... | [
"robins flying from Minneapolis to Miami",
"geese flying to a park to bother the people there",
"bison that belong to a farmer being moved to a different pasture",
"mice running from a fox"
] | A | migration is when animals move themselves from a cooler climate to a warmer climate for the winter |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-1628 | meteorology, atmosphere, wind, air-currents
Title: Where does wind come from? Wind is (according to Wikipedia) the flow of gases on a large scale.On the surface of the Earth, wind consists of the bulk movement of air.
What forces would cause such a mass movement of air? Wind is caused by pressure differences. Think o... | [
"humans",
"space",
"chemistry",
"nature"
] | D | nature is the source of natural resources |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-1629 | amateur-observing, binoculars
Title: How do I prevent or reduce shake when observing with binoculars? I have some 16 x 50 binoculars that my parents bought me years ago. Recently I have tried to do some basic lunar and planetary observations with them but I am seriously struggling with shaking. This was most noticeabl... | [
"very near",
"inside the room",
"a ways away",
"in outer space"
] | C | binoculars are used for observing distant objects |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-1630 | agriculture
The primary cereals for making bread are wheat and rye, while barley and oats may be mixed in. Historically significant portions of the rural population of Europe were sustained by cereal-based food in the form of gruel and porridge rather than by bread, especially prior to the introduction of the potato. ... | [
"crops",
"wilderness",
"light pollution",
"animals"
] | C | as distance to a city decreases , the amount of light pollution will increase |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-1631 | ecology
Title: Do invasive species cause long-term damage to ecosystems they invade? Growing up in the U.S., I was warned at various times of the dire consequences of a variety of introduced pests (usually insects).
Japanese beetles, gypsy moths, and most recently the brown marmorated stink bug are all introduced pest... | [
"markets",
"territory",
"winds",
"economies"
] | B | planting native plants has a positive impact on an ecosystem |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-1632 | reinforcement-learning, ai-design, control-theory
Without any proximity reward, you will rely on the wolf literally bumping into the rabbit through random behaviour, before it will have any data example that getting the vector between itself and the rabbit close to (0,0) is a good thing. You may need to have a relativ... | [
"order Kentucky Fried Chicken",
"always move exponentially quicker",
"jump on it from a high tree",
"swim out to it"
] | B | some predators move quickly to catch prey |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-1633 | oceanography, sea-level, tides
Title: Why do high tides vary month to month? I've noticed that some ‘highest‘ high tides in one month are bigger than the highest high-tide of previous months. Why is this so? The dynamics of the tides are quite complex. The main idea is that gravity from the Moon and the Sun affect w... | [
"food chain of the monarch butterfly",
"moon tugging on saltwater",
"timeline of all humanity",
"life cycle of land mammals"
] | B | high tide is a stage in the tide cycle process |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-1634 | electricity, electric-circuits, electrons
Title: Do electrons coming out of a lightbulb (and going back into the circuit) slow down? Do electrons coming out of a lightbulb (and going back into the circuit) slow down?
The electrons enter the light bulb filament with relatively high kinetic energies. As they travel th... | [
"a cable",
"an oven",
"gasoline",
"a person"
] | A | when electricity flows to a light bulb , the light bulb will come on |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-1635 | evolution, botany, photosynthesis, speculative, chloroplasts
Title: Why do plants have green leaves and not red? I know plants are green due to chlorophyll.
Surely it would be more beneficial for plants to be red than green as by being green they reflect green light and do not absorb it even though green light has mor... | [
"Hide in shade",
"Remain small",
"Grow very large",
"Change colors"
] | C | as the size of a leaf increases , the amount of sunlight absorbed by that leaf will increase |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-1636 | simulation, performance, many-body-systems
Note: This bound diverges when $B/J\to \infty$, while the physical information propagation speed stays finite. We can get rid of this problem by using the method in Sec. VI of Ref1. The result is $v_{\text{LR}}\leq 4\mathcal{X}_0 J$ in this limit, where $\mathcal{X}_y$ is de... | [
"ice",
"combining vulotile ingredients",
"soap and water",
"force"
] | B | chemical reactions cause chemical change |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-1637 | evolution, taxonomy, ornithology
Title: Birds and Dinosaurs This came up in an argument with some friends. I know that birds are direct descendants of dinosaurs, shown pretty clearly through the fossil record. However, is it proper to say that birds are dinosaurs, or is there an actual distinction? I bet you'll be int... | [
"defecate",
"eat beans",
"pray",
"lay eggs"
] | A | all living things eliminate waste |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-1638 | climate-change, climate
In this case, as it is an area that it is almost constantly cloudy with high humidity, temperature is varying just a little bit, and except the first day of the period, it seems that there is no relationship. In fact, on the second day there was a storm (I am living now at Singapore) and it is ... | [
"finding someone to dye them pink",
"involuntary body tremors and shudders",
"creating a new telephone system",
"hopping a plane to warmer climates"
] | B | shivering is when an animal creates heat by shaking to keep the body warm |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-1639 | python, game, role-playing-game
class Bag():
def __init__(self, inventory):
self.inventory = inventory
def add_to_inv(self, key, location):
self.inventory.append(location.room.roominv[key])
del location.room.roominv[key]
def check_inv(self):
for item in list(self.inventor... | [
"fishing",
"gardening",
"stalking",
"building"
] | C | hunting means humans kill animals in the wild |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-1640 | Now find the time Rick spends running.
$\displaystyle t_{r,R}=\frac{D}{2v_r}$
Now just add the two times up and you’re done.
$\displaystyle t_R=\frac{D}{2v_w}+\frac{D}{2v_r}=\frac{D}{2v_wv_r}\left(v_w+v_r\right)$
#### PART B. Find Rick’s average speed for covering the distance D.
You were given the total distance ... | [
"require",
"enjoy",
"find",
"mark"
] | D | a stopwatch is used to measure time |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-1641 | meteorology, tropical-cyclone, lightning, mesoscale-meteorology
The answer for Harvey is probably all of the above. Places like Houston were first in the further extents of the storm the early days and so were able to see the more typical fluctuations of strong rising updrafts and stronger sinking downdrafts more typ... | [
"fish",
"birds",
"liquid",
"plants"
] | C | storms cause bodies of water to increase amount of water they contain |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-1642 | species-identification, zoology
Title: What animal does this skull belong to? This skull was found in Greece, about 40 years ago, possibly in the island of Euboea (there is uncertainty about the area it was found).
The length from nose to the end of horns is 67 cm. The skull's length without the horns is 42 cm. Just ... | [
"It was caught by appendages on the feet of a feline",
"A raccoon jumped on the deer's back and killed and ate it",
"It was caught by a horse's mouth",
"It was shot by a bear"
] | A | claws are used to catch prey by some predators |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-1643 | geothermal-heat
Title: What Keeps the Earth Cooking? If radioactive decay supplies only about half the Earth’s heat, what are the remaining sources of heat?
If radioactive decay supplies only about half the Earth’s heat, what are the remaining sources of heat?
Mostly it is residual heat energy from when the Earth w... | [
"ice cubes",
"coffee",
"Popsicles",
"ice cream"
] | B | a hot substance is a source of heat |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-1644 | food-chemistry
popcorn (kernels)
honey (jar of)
sugar (most forms)
alcohol (spirits like vodka, whiskey)
dried beans, dried lentils
I would not be planning to eat any of these stored for 25 years myself. And in general I'd suggest testing the items before trying them after 25 years or more (if you feel you must).
I ... | [
"vibrations in the surface of the fridge door",
"a force that pulls two objects together",
"magic that Juggaloes are unable to explain",
"the entropy of the universe"
] | B | magnetic attraction pulls two objects together |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-1645 | sexual-reproduction
So when it's not maintained -- when there's no selection pressure on two populations -- inevitably there will be genetic drift that will randomly disrupt this fine-tuned system. If a population of, say, voles is isolated on an island, they will continue to have pressure to be able to interbreed wit... | [
"native species go wild",
"native species grow large",
"native species loses dwindle",
"native species thrive more"
] | C | if all members of a species cannot produce offspring then that species will likely become extinct |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-1646 | ecology, behaviour, sociality, predation, community-ecology
Title: How selective are wolves about the size of their prey? For an animal that lives and hunts socially like a wolf, is there a lower threshold to the size of prey items they will hunt? A pack wouldn't have much trouble with catching say a rabbit, but would... | [
"hare",
"dog",
"hawk",
"bear"
] | A | eagles eat rabbits |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-1647 | html, css
<body>
<div class="fruits">
<p>Highest Fruit Score: <span class="score">83</span></p>
<ol>
<li class="gold"><img alt="banana" src="//i.imgur.com/uBDRMVu.png"> <span class="score">83</span></li>
<li class="silver"><img alt="apple" src="//i.imgur.com/LGuyqx6.png"> <s... | [
"flow to space",
"fueling trucks",
"seasoned and devoured",
"drowned alive"
] | C | a pumpkin contains seeds |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-1648 | cell-biology, nutrition, blood-circulation, liver
Title: How do nutrients get to the cells they need to get to? I understand the basics of digestion. I know that nutrients get absorbed by the microvilli, enter the bloodstream and travel to the liver but after all that, what is the biological mechanism that guides thes... | [
"water",
"cheese",
"eggs",
"broccoli"
] | D | plants are a source of fibers |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-1649 | python, object-oriented, programming-challenge, python-2.x
class Vehicle():
MOVEMENT = {'N': (0, 1), 'E': (1, 0), 'S': (0, -1), 'W':(-1, 0)}
def __init__(self, x, y, facing, grid, obstacle):
self.x = x
self.y = y
self.facing = Directions(facing)
self.grid_width, self.grid_heigh... | [
"drive",
"bus",
"cycle",
"run"
] | C | a human can pedal a bicycle |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-1650 | organic-chemistry, experimental-chemistry, surface-chemistry
Title: Three general questions in silanization of a glass surface For silanization, I put a glass slide horizontally and pour the silan solution on it to cover the glass surface. Then I leave it for a specific time and then wash with water and acetone.
I ha... | [
"broken glass",
"a mess",
"toxic fumes",
"fiberglass"
] | D | chemical reactions cause different substances to form |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-1651 | power, battery, circuit
Regarding your bonus points, the other devices you've listed aren't power storage devices. They can run indefinitely, provided they're powered. A solar cell doesn't hold a charge, so it can't run anything for any amount of time if there's no sun. If there is sun, it can supply its rated power a... | [
"a garden",
"a bike",
"a coffee grinder",
"water pipes"
] | C | solar energy is a renewable resource |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-1652 | pain, death
Title: Normal death experience Consider a natural cause of death (no car accidents etc) -
Is it true that death is generally preceded by suffering? In other words, are we destined to experience the most severe suffering we could not ever imagine, that will ultimately end with death?
If this is true, is it ... | [
"spirits",
"Bacteria",
"God",
"Food"
] | B | decomposition is when a decomposer breaks down dead organisms |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-1653 | zoology, ichthyology, marine-biology
Switek goes on to to talk about exceptions in some marine mammals:
At this point some of you might raise the point that living pinnipeds like seals and sea lions move in a side-to-side motion underwater. That may be true on a superficial level, but pinnipeds primarily use their mo... | [
"hostile smiles",
"malicious kisses",
"toxic pricks",
"noxious caresses"
] | C | poisonous darts are used for defense by sea anemones |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-1654 | humidity, air-pollution
Title: Does usual city pollution have effects on relative humidity? I've noticed that in a rural area with low pollution the relative humidity is constantly lower than the humidity in a high polluted city. Is there any correlation between pollution and humidity? By way of reference, "humidity ... | [
"throwing things in the ocean",
"buying a new solar panel",
"biking instead of driving the car",
"using old food as compost for the plants"
] | A | burning gasoline is a source of pollution |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-1655 | zoology, ethology
Title: Is there a term for tool use in animals? Is there a technical/scientific term that scientists use to refer to tool making abilities found in certain types of animals?
Reference http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal_cognition#Tool_and_weapon_use Having read this article on tool use in Chimpanzees... | [
"a wolf using its sense of smell to track down prey",
"a crow displacing water with rocks to get good",
"a giant whale filtering plankton from water",
"An anteater using its long tongue to catch ants"
] | B | An example of using tools is a chimpanzee digging for insects with a stick |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-1656 | the-sun, orbit, planet, earth
Is the spiraling movement caused by sun movement (on its path shown
above) where the sun is dragging the earth (and other planets)?
No, the Sun's and the Earth's mutual gravity cause the Earth to rotate around the Sun. The Milky Way's gravity causes our Solar System to revolve around th... | [
"sleeping hours",
"sun time",
"day",
"daytime"
] | A | the Earth rotating on its axis causes stars to appear to move across the sky at night |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-1657 | electrostatics
Title: Does the potential of two spheres become equal when we connect them? I was reading a chapter on capacitors where it was asked whether given two spheres, each carrying a charge $q$ and of radius $r$ and $2r$, will charge flow between them?
I assume the answer should be no as both are having the s... | [
"repel attackers",
"approach",
"pull",
"push away"
] | D | if two objects have the same charge then those two materials will repel each other |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-1658 | statistical-mechanics, atmospheric-science, density
A limnic eruption, also referred to as a lake overturn, is a rare type of natural disaster in which dissolved carbon dioxide (CO2) suddenly erupts from deep lake waters, forming a gas cloud that can suffocate wildlife, livestock and humans. Such an eruption may also ... | [
"pesticides",
"water",
"soil",
"solar energy"
] | A | runoff contains pesticides from cropland |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-1659 | zoology, sensation
Title: Can animals that rely heavily on sonar sense colour? Apparently there're species around as rely heavily on sonar to sense the world around them.
E.g. Bat, Dolphin, Whale ...
The humans, and other terrestrial beings in a lighted world are capable of distinguishing colour in varying degrees of... | [
"eating",
"smells",
"love",
"protection"
] | D | coloration is used to find a mate by some animals |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-1660 | entomology
Title: Constantly wiggling moth pupa - will it emerge soon? Today I found a moth pupa in the soil in my garden in western Sweden. It's about 15 mm long.
I have found similar ones before, but this one is wiggling a lot more, even after I put it down and put a bit of dirt over it. It's been moving for more t... | [
"age",
"ancestry",
"shape",
"genus"
] | C | a moth undergoes metamorphosis |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-1661 | genetics, botany, twins
In a number of varieties, two and sometimes three megaspores were functional, giving rise to several embryo sacs. On fertilization, embryos develop in these, causing the phenomenon of pseudopolyembryony.
Therefore this source seems to agree with the first.
However, a more recent paper Martínez... | [
"bats",
"apples and oranges",
"snakes",
"Jamaican singers"
] | A | seed dispersal has a positive impact on a plant |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-1662 | organic-chemistry
Title: What are the minimal chemical requirements for a food which we all can eat? I've been puzzled by the following though experiment for the past few days:
I want to make my own food from scratch, but I do not know where to start from.
I want to be 100% sure that what I eat will never contains som... | [
"mixing",
"boiling",
"freezing",
"pasteurized"
] | D | pasteurization reduces the amount of bacteria in milk |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-1663 | eeg, terminology
Now, the brain is a lump of neurons. Different types of neurons that are there for different types of tasks. Some of them respond to electrical activity (from the nervous system) by propagating or inhibiting electrical activity. We can see this in the lab, by observing how does one single neuron behav... | [
"cell towers",
"persons flesh",
"computers",
"plugs"
] | B | the nervous system sends observations in the form of electrical signals to the rest of the body |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-1664 | species-identification
Title: What is this (water-loving) bug? For some time we've been finding these little fellows in our apartment:
They seem harmless enough, but finding them is a bit... annoying. I found the fellow above in the bathtub, and it's not uncommon to find more than one.
Unfortunately, some started to ... | [
"captain crunch",
"rainbows",
"raging infernos",
"pink teddy bears"
] | C | fire causes harm to living things |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-1665 | ecology
Title: Statement about Tropical Rainforests I made a statement about tropical rainforests, and I want to know if it's somewhat true or not:
The soil in tropical rainforests is not exceptionally fertile, because it contains few minerals. The reason that a tropical rainforest has a huge amount of vegetation is b... | [
"thriving communities",
"families",
"love",
"heat"
] | A | dead organisms rot |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-1666 | thermodynamics, photoelectric-effect, thermal-conductivity, absorption, solar-cells
Title: Possibility of combining photovoltaics and solar thermal energy In a private setting, photovoltaics and solar thermal energy are often harvested on the home's roof and roof area is limited. So, I thought about combining both, i.... | [
"planted flowers under the moonlight",
"potted flowers in a windowless room",
"planted flowers on a bright, clear day",
"seeds that have just been planted in the ground"
] | C | if something is in the sunlight then that something will absorb solar energy |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-1667 | thermodynamics, heat-engine
You have your flame power the $`` {\small{\begin{array}{c} \textbf{Hot Water} \\[-25px] \textbf{/ Steam} \end{array}}} "$ stream. This step is how we input the excessive driving force that comes from the flame's unnecessarily high temperature.
You hook up some random waste heat source to t... | [
"ice cream",
"salad",
"lemonade",
"pastries"
] | D | an oven is a source of heat |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-1668 | newtonian-gravity, free-fall
Note - Although Aristotle was partially correct, he was far from the real understanding of Gravity. Galilean Gravity was closer to the truth. Aristotle deduced that heavy objects fall faster because his observation was affected by air resistance, which is not the real cause of heavier obje... | [
"plants",
"people",
"space games",
"space rocks"
] | D | Galileo Galilei made improvements to the telescope to make better observations of celestial bodies |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-1669 | ecology, behaviour, sociality, predation, community-ecology
Title: How selective are wolves about the size of their prey? For an animal that lives and hunts socially like a wolf, is there a lower threshold to the size of prey items they will hunt? A pack wouldn't have much trouble with catching say a rabbit, but would... | [
"horses",
"butterflies",
"deer",
"raptors"
] | D | some birds are predators |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-1670 | classical-mechanics, explosions
Title: What's driving the bucket up? Just saw this cool video from Plymouth University, which I actually found through Matthen's blog.
They fill a plastic bottle with liquid nitrogen, screw the cap on, drop it in a bucket full of warm water, cover it with ping pong balls, and when the h... | [
"walnut",
"aluminum",
"ice",
"ceramic"
] | B | metal is a thermal conductor |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-1671 | predators (y2) die of natural causes (Reaction 3). At the same time , a trio of coming-of-age Predators have arrived to collect the skulls of the aliens as trophies , and the humans are caught between a deadly battle between the Spectacular and decent Aliens/Predators movie set in Antarctica where a motley group takes ... | [
"heightening",
"lessening",
"abundance",
"growth"
] | B | if a new predator begins eating prey then the population of that prey will decrease |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-1672 | electrochemistry, experimental-chemistry, electrolysis
That looks like rust, Ferric Oxide, exactly!
However, the cell should be Titanium, it contains no iron, but that doesn't mean it can't oxidize. Or "Rust", all metals do, Ti's oxidation would be white and powdery.
So either there is a non Ti component inside that... | [
"pans",
"make up",
"books",
"towels"
] | A | an electromagnet contains cylindrical ferrous metal |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-1673 | metallurgy, casting, ceramics
Title: What is the highest-temp castable refractory cement available? I very much ruined 3 $10 diamond hole saws making this ceramic insulator out of a firebrick and Ryobi drill press. Drilling out the large core took 1-2 hours and a lot of arm strength.
Therefore, I will turn to custom ... | [
"ionic discharge",
"falling meteors",
"snowmen",
"underground rivers"
] | A | brick is an electrical insulator |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-1674 | cell-biology, microbiology
Title: Are there any organisms that are made of more than one (~5-12) cell? Prokaryotes and eukaryotes are unicellular, made of one cell. Great. Eukaryotes are unicellular or multicellular. But the typical examples of multicellular eukaryotes we have are made of, often, trillions of cells, l... | [
"bones",
"sensory system",
"nervous breakdowns",
"food"
] | B | nerves are made of nerve cells |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-1675 | astronomy, sun, moon, eclipse
Title: Why don't we see solar and lunar eclipses often? Since we see the new moon at least once in a month when the Moon gets in between of the Sun and the Moon at the night and as far as I know if this happens during the day, you'll get to see a solar eclipse. Why don't we get to see thi... | [
"the sun",
"opposite",
"through magic",
"the same"
] | B | the moon orbits the Earth |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-1676 | The heights 60 through 61.5 inches are in the interval 59.95–61.95. The heights that are 63.5 are in the interval 61.95–63.95. The heights that are 64 through 64.5 are in the interval 63.95–65.95. The heights 66 through 67.5 are in the interval 65.95–67.95. The heights 68 through 69.5 are in the interval 67.95–69.95. T... | [
"measure similarly",
"be very short",
"be invisible",
"be under weight"
] | A | height is an inherited characteristic |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-1677 | newtonian-mechanics, inertia
Title: How would I move if I grew by a factor of 3 in each physical dimension? Suppose, for the sake of this thought experiment, I am structurally identical to an average human, with the only difference being that my body is scaled in all directions by factor of 3. This would result in me ... | [
"expensive",
"impossible",
"hereditary",
"Too hard"
] | C | height is an inherited characteristic |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-1678 | planet, natural-satellites
Asteroids are sometimes found orbiting one another and I rarely hear that defined as a central asteroid with a smaller asteroid orbiting it, it's more often called a binary asteroid. I've never heard it called a baby asteroid orbiting it's parent, but again, definitions fall into a grey are... | [
"nine planets",
"nebula",
"red giant stars",
"Andromeda galaxy"
] | A | the solar system contains the moon |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-1679 | concentration, food-chemistry, drugs
Lithium and potassium are among few cations with a salty flavor similar to that of sodium, albeit weaker. Citrate reduces the saltiness further. According to Ref 2, the saltiness of lithium and potassium can be estimated to be ~0.4 and 0.6 that of sodium, repectively, while Ref 3 e... | [
"they have receptors on their tongue that allow them to experience spice and seasonings",
"a cow in the ocean told them it was there",
"it's on their side of the pasture's fence",
"they evolved where there were great redwood trees"
] | A | animals taste flavors |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-1680 | zoology
Capybara, rabbits, hamsters and other related species do not have a complex ruminant digestive system. Instead they extract more nutrition from grass by giving their food a second pass through the gut. Soft fecal pellets of partially digested food are excreted and generally consumed immediately. Consuming thes... | [
"sense the flavor",
"hate it",
"choke",
"sell it"
] | A | animals taste flavors |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-1681 | water, pressure, building-physics
Title: Water flushed down, water pumped up (in buildings) I live in a tall building (20 floors) on a mountain. Because the water pressure from the water company is not enough, there is a water pump at the last floor which is activated each time someone is using fresh water in his apar... | [
"free from wetness",
"free of chunks",
"free from governments",
"free from ice"
] | B | treating water is used to remove harmful substances before drinking |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-1682 | quantum-spin, atoms
The bonds between the atoms are obviously split when the paper is torn, but is there a way to put them back together?
the answer is yes, because this is precisely why paper recycling works. The incoming used paper is washed, to remove ink and other contaminants, and then left to soak in a particul... | [
"screams",
"flies",
"sinks",
"relocates"
] | D | flowing liquid can push objects |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-1683 | phase
The vapor pressure must reach the saturation vapor pressure for dew or frost to form. This happens at the dew point or frost point temperature, which is dependent on atmospheric pressure and the absolute amount of vapor in the air. As atmospheric temperature increases, the dew/frost point temperature increases. ... | [
"beaches are opened",
"humans go naked",
"birds lay eggs",
"roses die"
] | D | usually plants die or become dormant during the winter |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-1684 | zoology, microbiology, pathology
Title: Prevention of disease spreading in animal kingdom It's my first question on here, so I'm not sure If my question fits the theme. Please refer me to the appropriate one, If I have made a mistake.
So a question that I wanted to ask has to do with whether or not animals potentially... | [
"its ink",
"flying",
"yelling",
"crying"
] | A | ink is used for hiding from predators by octopuses |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-1685 | zoology, ecology, species-distribution, migration
Title: How do animals end up in remote areas? I was thinking specifically about random marshy water holes on farmers fields. It seems that you can visit just about any one of these and you will find frogs if you look hard enough.
They usually don't seem to be connected... | [
"predators to escape",
"rivers to cross",
"mountains to climb",
"mates for reproduction"
] | D | habitat destruction causes animals to move to find shelter in another habitat |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-1686 | star, galaxy
If you're on a farm, away from cities, in a place with reasonably low light pollution, and your eyes are good, and you've been sitting in perfect pitch black darkness for at least 30 minutes prior - when you look up you can reasonably expect to see a few thousand objects, mostly stars. Keep looking, and a... | [
"gets closer to the person",
"buys a new house",
"builds a large park",
"it puts distance between them"
] | D | as distance from a source of light increases , that source of light will appear dimmer |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-1687 | ocean, glaciology, ice, ecology, cryosphere
Title: Do icebergs have any impact on ecology? Are icebergs neutral actors in the environment, or do they have any impact on the local ecology. Do they have any environmental impacts that might influence any part of the biosphere? Yes, they have many impacts:
They provide ... | [
"liquifying",
"growing",
"freezing",
"cooling"
] | A | glaciers melting has a negative impact on the glaicial environment |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-1688 | thermodynamics, evaporation, gas, liquid-state
On the water surface, knowing the temperature, we can estimate the vapor pressure and vapor mixture fraction. Then there will be an diffusion process for the water vapor to move out and for the ambient air to move in. Because the water surface doesn't allow the air to fur... | [
"The sidewalk",
"A pool",
"A cat",
"A habitat"
] | D | water vapor is found in the atmosphere |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-1689 | zoology
Title: Are penguins plantigrade or digigrade? I'm trying to rig a 3D model of a penguin, but I don't know where to put the bones near the ankle because I can't tell if they're digigrade or plantigrade. Nearly all birds are digigrade, but penguins spend a lot of time walking and don't generally grasp or run wit... | [
"Equador",
"India",
"Haiti",
"Australia"
] | A | warm-weather organisms live in warm climates |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-1690 | thermodynamics, heat-engine
You have your flame power the $`` {\small{\begin{array}{c} \textbf{Hot Water} \\[-25px] \textbf{/ Steam} \end{array}}} "$ stream. This step is how we input the excessive driving force that comes from the flame's unnecessarily high temperature.
You hook up some random waste heat source to t... | [
"a cold shower",
"holding hands",
"holding ice",
"Antartica"
] | B | a stove generates heat for cooking usually |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-1691 | zoology
Capybara, rabbits, hamsters and other related species do not have a complex ruminant digestive system. Instead they extract more nutrition from grass by giving their food a second pass through the gut. Soft fecal pellets of partially digested food are excreted and generally consumed immediately. Consuming thes... | [
"animals become magical",
"animals forced out",
"animals gain habitat",
"animals are happy"
] | B | humans moving into an environment usually causes native species to lose their habitats |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-1692 | photosynthesis, chloroplasts
Title: Chloroplasts in an animal cell What would happen if we inject a chloroplast organelle into an animal cell?
Will the animal cell destroy it? Or is it possible that the chloroplast will somehow survive, and even replicate? Could there be photosynthesis in such a cell, or will some of ... | [
"root hair cells",
"Eukaryotic cells",
"leaf guard cells",
"rose petal cells"
] | A | a plant cell contains chloroplasts |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-1693 | How about this? There is a 30% chance you'll go to New York and a 100% chance you'll go to the Empire State Building if you go to New York (because why else would you go to New York? kidding...). Does this mean there's a 100% chance you'll go to the Empire State Building? Well, since you have to go to NY to go to the E... | [
"a flashback explosion inside a container",
"watching a television drama about heart attacks",
"filling a bucket of water with a hose",
"eating waffles that are just the right temperature"
] | A | when a gas in an open container evaporates, that gas spreads out into the air |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-1694 | optics, electromagnetic-radiation, refraction
Title: Can anyone explain to me why light is not dispersed into a spectrum through a parallel glass slide, but only through a prism? The question pretty much sums up what I need to know. Why is it that light only gets dispersed into a spectrum when travelling through two n... | [
"deflecting the light",
"reflecting the light",
"consuming the light",
"refracting the light"
] | D | a rainbow is formed by refraction of light by splitting light into all different colors |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-1695 | genetics, reproduction
http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Infertility
http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/sterility
http://www.acog.org/~/media/For%20Patients/faq011.pdf
The following is multiple choice question (with options) to answer.
What is an example of reproduction? | [
"reading books",
"laying down",
"walking",
"unhatched chicks"
] | D | An example of reproduction is laying eggs |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-1696 | botany, reproduction
Most new commercial tomatoes, including new garden tomatoes, are F1 hybrids. The seeds you plant in the field are the result of crossing two parents, as described above. (...) Garden catalogs will tell you whether the seed you are buying is hybrid. If you are getting your fruits from the store, yo... | [
"older",
"dirt",
"corn",
"married"
] | B | soil is a renewable resource for growing plants |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-1697 | acoustics
Title: Resonance in a 1 ft granite box
I have a granite cube made using 6 slabs of granite 1 foot square and 1 inch thick. The top and bottom slabs have a 1 inch margin around the edge. The slabs are just set together, not notched or mortared or anything.
I also have a concrete block with pipes running thro... | [
"will always cost more than a mountain",
"should be cleaned with mineral water",
"is only found in a kitchen",
"is made of minerals"
] | D | rock is made of minerals |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-1698 | human-biology, microbiology, food, digestive-system, mycology
Aflatoxins produce acute necrosis, cirrhosis, and carcinoma of the
liver in a number of animal species; no animal species is resistant to
the acute toxic effects of aflatoxins; hence it is logical to assume
that humans may be similarly affected. A wid... | [
"animals",
"fungi",
"water",
"plants"
] | B | food spoiling has a negative impact on the health of the animal that eats that food |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-1699 | java, optimization, programming-challenge, pathfinding
Title: Contest code for a maze problem I would like to ask your comments on my contest code for the following problem:
We're going to have a slightly more logical puzzle today. We're going to write a program that will find a path through a simple maze.
Formal Inp... | [
"rely on television",
"rely on magnets",
"rely on spirits",
"rely on deer"
] | B | natural magnetism is used for pointing north by a compass |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-1700 | organic-chemistry, physical-chemistry, biochemistry, alcohols
Title: Storage of Urine Not all may be favorable to this project, but I will explain what I am trying to do. I work at home, and instead of walking a moderate distance to the bathroom and loosing my focus, I've been, at times, peeing in a 3 Quart Poland Spr... | [
"use it generously",
"use it indiscriminately",
"throw it out",
"use it stingily"
] | D | An example of conservation is avoiding waste |
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