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---
layout: transcript
interviewee: regina hamburger bomba
rg_number: rg-50.030.0034
pdf_url: https://collections.ushmm.org/oh_findingaids/rg-50.030.0034_trs_en.pdf
ushmm_url: https://collections.ushmm.org/search/catalog/irn504459
gender: f
birth_date: 1920-06-05
birth_year: 1920.0
place_of_birth: lodz
country: poland
experience_group: survivor
ghetto(s)_encyclopedia: none
ghetto: none
camp(s)_encyclopedia: none
camp: none
non_ss_camp: none
region: none
needs_research: none
data_entry: gg
accession: none
revisit: none
tags: transcripts
---
---
layout: transcript
interviewee: regina hamburger bomba
rg_number: rg-50.030.0034
pdf_url: https://collections.ushmm.org/oh_findingaids/rg-50.030.0034_trs_en.pdf
ushmm_url: https://collections.ushmm.org/search/catalog/irn504459
gender: f
birth_date: 1920-06-05
birth_year: 1920.0
place_of_birth: lodz
country: poland
experience_group: survivor
ghetto(s)_encyclopedia: none
ghetto: none
camp(s)_encyclopedia: none
camp: none
non_ss_camp: none
region: none
needs_research: none
data_entry: gg
accession: none
revisit: none
tags: transcripts
---
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<body><dialogue class=""><p><sentence id="1">REGINA HAMBURGER BOMBA September 18, 1990</sentence></p></dialogue>
<dialogue class="Question"><p><sentence id="3">Q: OK.</sentence><sentence id="4">We're on.</sentence><sentence id="5">The tape has started.</sentence><sentence id="6">Will you tell me your full name please?</sentence></p></dialogue>
<dialogue class="Answer"><p><sentence id="11">A: Yeah.</sentence><sentence id="12">My name is Regina Bomba, from <span class="BUILDING">home</span>, <span class="POPULATED_PLACE">Hamburger</span>".</sentence></p></dialogue>
<dialogue class="Question"><p><sentence id="15">Q: Where uh when were you born?</sentence></p></dialogue>
<dialogue class="Answer"><p><sentence id="17">A: I was born in <span class="COUNTRY">Poland</span>, <span class="POPULATED_PLACE">Lodz</span>, on the 5th of June, 1920.</sentence></p></dialogue>
<dialogue class="Question"><p><sentence id="19">Q: Will you tell me, Regina, what happened to you, please, when the Nazis came in to <span class="POPULATED_PLACE">Lodz</span>?</sentence></p></dialogue>
<dialogue class="Answer"><p><sentence id="21">A: Yeah.</sentence><sentence id="22">When the Nazis came into <span class="POPULATED_PLACE">Lodz</span>, we were still on this <span class="NPIP">place</span>, a <span class="BUILDING">summer home</span>.</sentence><sentence id="23">It was name <span class="BUILDING">Wisniowa Gora</span>, and we decided that we going to go back <span class="BUILDING">home</span> to the <span class="POPULATED_PLACE">city</span>.</sentence><sentence id="24">When we got into the <span class="POPULATED_PLACE">city</span>, our <span class="BUILDING">home</span> was taken away by the Nazis, so we stayed in a <span class="BUILDING">house</span> of a brother of ours, of my oldest brother, Rubin (ph), who at that time was in the Polish army fighting in <span class="POPULATED_PLACE" lat="52.233028" long="21.017">Warsaw</span> and his wife and a six-month old baby was with us.</sentence><sentence id="25">And after that we stayed with my brother in my brother's <span class="BUILDING">house</span>, and I'm not going to say how it happened that my brother came <span class="BUILDING">home</span> from the army and he took his wife and a six-month old baby and he said he wants to go to <span class="REGION">Soviet Russia</span>.</sentence><sentence id="26">That's the only <span class="NPIP">place</span> he said where the Jews could survive, and he went.</sentence><sentence id="27">My father, my mother, my sister and one brother, sister younger one, a brother older one than me that were staying in this <span class="BUILDING">house</span> until March 1940, 10th of March 1940 when the Gestapo came into the <span class="BUILDING">house</span>.</sentence><sentence id="28">We thought that we're going to go to the <span class="POPULATED_PLACE">ghetto</span>.</sentence><sentence id="29">They already made it for the Jews, the <span class="POPULATED_PLACE">ghetto</span>.</sentence><sentence id="30">They took everyday from certain <span class="DLF">streets</span> to the <span class="POPULATED_PLACE">ghetto</span>.</sentence><sentence id="31">The fact that my mother had a sis...a brother in the <span class="POPULATED_PLACE">ghetto</span> and he said uh bring every...all the stuff here because when you're going to go, all you can do take is a valise.</sentence><sentence id="32">This way bring over stuff to me and when you come to the <span class="POPULATED_PLACE">ghetto</span> you'll have everything.</sentence><sentence id="33">So that's what we did.</sentence><sentence id="34">When the the Nazis came in to take us down...it was during the night...one o'clock at night...my mother forget that she went down in the <span class="BUILDING">house</span> shoes.</sentence><sentence id="35">And we went down...we thought we're going to the <span class="POPULATED_PLACE">ghetto</span>.</sentence><sentence id="36">And we said alright.</sentence><sentence id="37">We're going to have everything over there in the <span class="POPULATED_PLACE">ghetto</span>.</sentence><sentence id="38">For us the soldier said wouldn't you let me go back.</sentence><sentence id="39">My mother is cold and she would like to have some shoes.</sentence><sentence id="40">He said oh, it's going to be soon summer.</sentence><sentence id="41">You can go barefoot.</sentence><sentence id="42">She can go barefooted.</sentence><sentence id="43">So instead to the <span class="POPULATED_PLACE">ghetto</span>, they took us to a <span class="NPIP">place</span> and they told us that we're going to be going out from the <span class="POPULATED_PLACE">city</span>.</sentence><sentence id="44">They took away our money, our possessions.</sentence><sentence id="45">They took off a ring from my mother...she had a fat finger...and they couldn't take it off...with the flesh and they sent us to a small <span class="POPULATED_PLACE">town</span> near <span class="POPULATED_PLACE">Czestochowa</span> named <span class="POPULATED_PLACE">Nowo Radomsko</span> and they put us in a burned <span class="BUILDING">synagogue</span>.</sentence><sentence id="46">That <span class="POPULATED_PLACE">town</span> that <span class="POPULATED_PLACE">town Radomsko</span> was " maiden name bombarded very, very badly and they had already a <span class="POPULATED_PLACE">ghetto</span> over there.</sentence><sentence id="47">But I must say the Jews from the <span class="POPULATED_PLACE">town</span>, especial there was a man named Burger (ph)...he was the oldest from the <span class="POPULATED_PLACE">town</span> and he brought some food special for the children.</sentence><sentence id="48">I still have my little sister...was a still a small little girl and uh I always....1 younger...I always looked older, and my mother said, well, we have to do something to make something to eat.</sentence><sentence id="49">What we going to do?</sentence><sentence id="50">My mother was washing <span class="INT_SPACE">floors</span> for people, because my father got ill right away when...he was a very delicate man, long, very tall, and uh from the nature he was not...my mother was the stronger one, for everything for father, and he...from the beginning he said right away I don't want to live.</sentence><sentence id="51">I cannot live like this, and I don't want to live.</sentence><sentence id="52">From mine...seven children I brought up, from my <span class="BUILDING">home</span>, for everything what I worked, I'm here in a burnt <span class="BUILDING">synagogue</span> and strolling and a (indecipherable), and on the top of it, his foot got very swollen and very ill.</sentence><sentence id="53">So we decided that...there was no <span class="BUILDING">hospital</span>, no <span class="BUILDING">Jewish hospital</span> and in the <span class="BUILDING">Polish hospital</span>, Jews were not allowed.</sentence><sentence id="54">In <span class="POPULATED_PLACE">Czestochowa</span> was a <span class="BUILDING">Jewish hospital</span>, so we hired a Polish (indecipherable)...a Polish...that was a horse and <span class="SPATIAL_OBJ">carriage</span>.</sentence><sentence id="55">Called in a Polish (indecipherable), a horse and <span class="SPATIAL_OBJ">carriage</span> and we... took my father and we went to <span class="POPULATED_PLACE">Czestochowa</span> and there we arrived in the <span class="BUILDING">Jewish hospital</span> in <span class="POPULATED_PLACE">Czestochowa</span>.</sentence><sentence id="56">That's the time that I came...the first time in my life to <span class="POPULATED_PLACE">Czestochowa</span>.</sentence><sentence id="57">My mother was behind in that <span class="BUILDING">synagogue</span> with my sister and my brother and I decided...my father was out out of the <span class="BUILDING">hospital</span>...how...where is he going to go back to that burnt <span class="BUILDING">synagogue</span>, so I was looking around a way to to remain in <span class="POPULATED_PLACE">Czestochowa</span>.</sentence><sentence id="58">I had 50 Polish zloty...what the Germans give...1 took away...we...our Polish...our <span class="POPULATED_PLACE">town</span> in <span class="POPULATED_PLACE">Lodz</span> belonged to the 3rd Reich, <span class="POPULATED_PLACE" lat="51.783" long="19.467">Litzmannstadt</span> they called it.</sentence><sentence id="59">So L..and that <span class="COUNTRY">Poland</span> and <span class="POPULATED_PLACE">Czestochowa</span> was Protectorate for us for that's where they give us the Polish money, so with that money I rented an apar...uh a <span class="INT_SPACE">room</span> by a family, and I brought over my sister and my brother and my mother so we stayed together.</sentence><sentence id="60">In 1942 I said I'm going to make a brief...before Yom Kippur, and that's the first time of our life that comes this kind of a holiday.</sentence><sentence id="61">The saddest time of my life.</sentence><sentence id="62">I guess all the lives from Czestochowa Jews, and maybe for other <span class="POPULATED_PLACE">towns</span>, that was a day that their Gestapo came and they took out the people for the liquidations.</sentence><sentence id="63">They call it the akti...the aktions.</sentence><sentence id="64">I don't know how it is...akt...aktion... aktion in Polish.</sentence><sentence id="65">And before that all it was the holidays and they took out from the <span class="POPULATED_PLACE">ghetto</span> and made another <span class="POPULATED_PLACE">ghetto</span>, so we did not have an <span class="INT_SPACE">apartment</span>.</sentence><sentence id="66">We were the refugees so we didn't know so many Czestochowans, people...so many...you know, that protects you, how you say, that we should get an <span class="INT_SPACE">apartment</span>.</sentence><sentence id="67">So the (indecipherable) rabbi from <span class="POPULATED_PLACE" lat="51.066666" long="19.45">Radomsko</span> invited my father with his family for the holidays, and I was left behind to wait for an <span class="INT_SPACE">apartment</span>, so they went and I was left behind.</sentence><sentence id="68">I stayed there for a little while and I said no...1 am going also going there, so I went back to <span class="POPULATED_PLACE" lat="51.066666" long="19.45">Radomsko</span>, just for a few days.</sentence><sentence id="69">Stayed with them and then I decided since I don't look so Jewish, I am going to go back on the <span class="SPATIAL_OBJ">train</span> and I went into the <span class="SPATIAL_OBJ">train</span>, bought a ticket, and I went back to <span class="POPULATED_PLACE">Czestochowa</span> to wait for the <span class="INT_SPACE">apartment</span>.</sentence><sentence id="70">In meantime in <span class="POPULATED_PLACE" lat="51.066666" long="19.45">Radomsko</span> was judenrein...you know what that means, jJudenrein.</sentence><sentence id="71">Clean of the Jews.</sentence><sentence id="72">Only a few I think were left behind because two of them came back, two sisters.</sentence><sentence id="73">They came back to <span class="POPULATED_PLACE">Czestochowa</span> later on, in a <span class="INT_SPACE">bunker</span>.</sentence><sentence id="74">They were hid in a <span class="INT_SPACE">bunker</span>.</sentence><sentence id="75">And I stayed there...1 met a fellow in that <span class="BUILDING">hospital</span> while my father was laying there in the <span class="BUILDING">hospital</span>, and he took me into his <span class="BUILDING">house</span>...he had a father and a mother and a sister, but the mother said it's not nice that a girl should stay in the same <span class="BUILDING">house</span>, one <span class="INT_SPACE">room</span>, with a fellow, so they decided that I should get married to him.</sentence><sentence id="76">He was much older than I was.</sentence><sentence id="77">He was fifteen years older.</sentence><sentence id="78">I got married by myself, and I even...somebody borrowed me a little veil and a dress and I got married, and if you don't want to have children, then you have them sometimes, and I become pregnant.</sentence><sentence id="79">I called up my mother and I told her about it.</sentence><sentence id="80">It was May 15, 1942.</sentence><sentence id="81">And I told her, and she said I'm sorry.</sentence><sentence id="82">I would like to come, but I can't because we....they were not allowed, the Jewish people, to travel and that was the last time I spoke to my mother.</sentence><sentence id="83">I spoke to her by telephone through the Jewish komitet in <span class="POPULATED_PLACE">Nowo Radomsko</span> and in <span class="POPULATED_PLACE">Czestochowa</span>.</sentence><sentence id="84">Now after that, my husband was working in a <span class="BUILDING">hospital</span>, in that <span class="BUILDING">hospital</span> in <span class="POPULATED_PLACE">Czestochowa</span>, so he took me into that <span class="BUILDING">hospital</span>.</sentence><sentence id="85">His parents were sent away with the whole family, sisters, two sisters and a niece and his parents, and we stayed behind.</sentence><sentence id="86">After that we were...I was washing the bloody wash from the people.</sentence><sentence id="87">I didn't know what else to do but I wanted to help.</sentence><sentence id="88">They left us for the next ones to go.</sentence><sentence id="89">After that they send us to a <span class="BUILDING">factory</span>.</sentence><sentence id="90">The <span class="BUILDING">factory</span> was named <span class="BUILDING">Factory Iskovitch</span> (ph), and across the <span class="DLF">street</span> was another <span class="BUILDING">factory</span>...I don't know the name...where my husband was near the <span class="BUILDING">factory</span>.</sentence><sentence id="91">All of a sudden when I was in the <span class="BUILDING">factory</span>...I hadn't mentioned his name.</sentence><sentence id="92">His name was Shlomo Muskovitch (ph).</sentence><sentence id="93">And somebody say hey, Muskovitch (ph) is <span class="NPIP">outside</span>, and I looked it out and I saw him taking his rucksack and his head down...he didn't see me.</sentence><sentence id="94">I saw him through the <span class="DLF">window</span>, and that's the last time I saw him.</sentence><sentence id="95">They were shipped to <span class="POPULATED_PLACE">Treblinka</span> because they needed another hundred men for the <span class="SPATIAL_OBJ">transport</span>, so this they sent him away.</sentence><sentence id="96">And here I came into the <span class="POPULATED_PLACE">ghetto</span>...they sent us to a small <span class="POPULATED_PLACE">ghetto</span> and pregnant, alone, not from a strange <span class="POPULATED_PLACE">town</span>, without any family, without nobody.</sentence><sentence id="97">So everybody was making groups to take a <span class="INT_SPACE">room</span> in the <span class="POPULATED_PLACE">ghetto</span>.</sentence><sentence id="98">It was <span class="INT_SPACE">rooms</span> in the ho...in <span class="BUILDING">houses</span>.</sentence><sentence id="99">That's what they give us...a few <span class="DLF">streets</span>, and uh I was sitting <span class="NPIP">outside</span> on my rucksack and my things...I took a few things because I was thinking we weren't going to have some <span class="NPIP">place</span> the baby.</sentence><sentence id="100">In fact the doctor wanted to make an abortion right away.</sentence><sentence id="101">And I said what, my father would...he was a religious man.</sentence><sentence id="102">That would be the worst thing that anybody could have done.</sentence><sentence id="103">It's a sin.</sentence><sentence id="104">So I didn't want to do it.</sentence><sentence id="105">But by the time we came to the <span class="POPULATED_PLACE">ghetto</span>, by the time think it was late...so we were in...eight people in one <span class="INT_SPACE">room</span> and there was a wo...a lady...at that time to me she was an older lady.</sentence><sentence id="106">Maybe she was forty-five years old and she had a daughter my age and she said, believe me, Regina, you'll see...make an abortion.</sentence><sentence id="107">Otherwise you're not going to live because she said you're young.</sentence><sentence id="108">You'll get married again.</sentence><sentence id="109">You'll have children.</sentence><sentence id="110">And I went to one doctor to make an abortion.</sentence><sentence id="111">He he wouldn't do it.</sentence><sentence id="112">He thought it's too late.</sentence><sentence id="113">Then we went to another doctor.</sentence><sentence id="114">I even remember her name...her name was Dr. Grunwald (ph), a woman doctor.</sentence><sentence id="115">In middle of abortion, she said I think you're going to die...the head is so big.</sentence><sentence id="116">You are very far...you must be having the fifth month already.</sentence><sentence id="117">I said yes I am.</sentence><sentence id="118">She said why I didn't ask you any questions.</sentence><sentence id="119">She said I've assumed that you're in the beginning.</sentence><sentence id="120">I didn't...I didn't show so much.</sentence><sentence id="121">I'm I'm tall, so I didn't show so much.</sentence><sentence id="122">I said no, I I...you didn't ask me what it is.</sentence><sentence id="123">And she said well...and the abortion was made on a small, tiny <span class="SPATIAL_OBJ">table</span>, holding my own legs because there was no <span class="BUILDING">hospital</span> or anything, and of course we they didn't want to wait any longer because it was pretty late and I listened to that older lady, what she said.</sentence><sentence id="124">She said if you don't go and make an abortion now, a little bit soon it's going to show and then they're going to send you away for the <span class="INT_SPACE">gas chambers</span>.</sentence><sentence id="125">We want you to live, and that's what happened.</sentence><sentence id="126">I had an abortion and I was...after that had to go to <span class="BUILDING">work</span>, bleeding, and go to <span class="BUILDING">work</span> and I was working and uh after one year they made another <span class="POPULATED_PLACE">ghetto</span>.</sentence><sentence id="127">They made three <span class="DLF">streets</span>.</sentence><sentence id="128">The young, the girls that we had no husbands like me, the men, and married couples where they also had a <span class="DLF">street</span>, so there were three <span class="DLF">streets</span>.</sentence><sentence id="129">Everything in <span class="POPULATED_PLACE">Czestochowa</span> in the <span class="POPULATED_PLACE">ghetto</span>.</sentence><sentence id="130">We were going out to <span class="BUILDING">work</span>.</sentence><sentence id="131">What happened...a lot of things what with my husband even said I was listening there about uh that uh Vislovich (ph) that they killed him laying right before my feet.</sentence><sentence id="132">But like I said, we're going to make it short.</sentence><sentence id="133">They sent us to this...1 was working in a <span class="NPIP">place</span> named <span class="POPULATED_PLACE">HASAG</span>".</sentence><sentence id="134">I worked...got up in the morning, five o'clock appel.</sentence><sentence id="135">Seven o'clock we went to work and seven o'clock we returned, and we worked there until June 1943.</sentence><sentence id="136">That day we didn't go back to the <span class="POPULATED_PLACE">ghetto</span> anymore.</sentence><sentence id="137">We prepared to go back to the <span class="POPULATED_PLACE">ghetto</span> like every day and all of a sudden and to this day I don't know how that happened...all of a sudden we looked around by the <span class="DLF">gate</span> of going out from that HASAG, from the <span class="BUILDING">factory</span>...it took us an hour to walk to the <span class="POPULATED_PLACE">ghetto</span>.</sentence><sentence id="138">All of a sudden thousands of Ukrainians with their machine guns to us and from where they come from until this day I don't know how that happened so quick and they said, halt.</sentence><sentence id="139">And a <span class="SPATIAL_OBJ">table</span> was put up and at that <span class="SPATIAL_OBJ">table</span> went up a man...he was some kind of director from that <span class="BUILDING">factory</span> and he said...this this was exactly his words, because I was there: "In eure gewesenem Lager geht ihr nie mehr guriick."</sentence><sentence id="140">That means in the <span class="POPULATED_PLACE">ghetto</span> you don't go never back again.</sentence><sentence id="141">You're going to stay here until we're going to let us live.</sentence><sentence id="142">That was exactly his words.</sentence><sentence id="143">Women were fainting because they had children, mothers...the <span class="POPULATED_PLACE">ghetto</span> still had, you know, a lot of people and I had...knew Abraham...I had him and I (inaudible).</sentence><sentence id="144">What I'm going do?</sentence><sentence id="145">So my uh two cousins of mine, two sisters...there were three but one of the sisters was working by sor...sorting buttons from the people from the <span class="BUILDING">stores</span> who left behind, so they had a thing, the job was to put buttons to buttons.</sentence><sentence id="146">They found a sock with buttons for a Pole...for a Polish man, and he said that the people from the <span class="DLF">Garibaldiego street</span> where they working with the buttons, they give him the buttons.</sentence><sentence id="147">So they took my cousin, a first cousin, my mother's sister's daughter...the two sisters have survived.</sentence><sentence id="148">They're here in too in <span class="COUNTRY">America</span> and living in <span class="POPULATED_PLACE">New York</span>, and took her...her name was the beautiful Paula.</sentence><sentence id="149">She was such a beautiful girl...I I cannot ex...there's pictures 2 Hugo Schneider Aktiengesellschaft-Metalwarenfabrik, <span class="POPULATED_PLACE" lat="51.332518" long="12.370244">Leipzig</span> from her too.</sentence><sentence id="150">The sisters have pictures from her, and they took her and other eight people, nine, and a child nine year old because there was a couple with a child...and other seven...nine people.</sentence><sentence id="151">They took them to the <span class="DLF">cemetery</span> and they put a <span class="DLF">ditch</span> and they killed them and she had a ring and she had a little uh how you call it...a chain, a golden chain, and there was a German standing and he said she was so beautiful that he could not take his eyes off of her, and she said listen.</sentence><sentence id="152">You're looking at me.</sentence><sentence id="153">Do me a favor.</sentence><sentence id="154">I have two sisters in that <span class="BUILDING">factory HASAG</span>.</sentence><sentence id="155">Could you give this to my sisters?</sentence><sentence id="156">I'll give you their name, and he came back and he gave it to them.</sentence><sentence id="157">They still have this.</sentence><sentence id="158">My husband saw this girl...you ask my husband what a beautiful girl she was and uh we we come in and he came on the <span class="SPATIAL_OBJ">table</span> and he told us that we don't go no more to the <span class="POPULATED_PLACE">ghetto</span>.</sentence><sentence id="159">My cousins said to me, the two sisters said you talk pretty good German.</sentence><sentence id="160">Why don't you ask him what's going to happen to the people in the <span class="POPULATED_PLACE">ghetto</span>?</sentence><sentence id="161">From nature I am not a shy person like my husband.</sentence><sentence id="162">I walked over to him and I got my courage and I said I would like to ask you, do me a favor.</sentence><sentence id="163">Please Mr., what's going to happen to the people in the <span class="POPULATED_PLACE">ghetto</span>?</sentence><sentence id="164">He said they're going to come tomorrow to that to that <span class="NPIP">place</span> here.</sentence><sentence id="165">For a minute we were very happy that that he said that but we didn't know.</sentence><sentence id="166">The next day...Abraham came and another couple of people came...I don't know how many exactly but quite a few young people came in.</sentence><sentence id="167">Was no children, not older people, plenty of young people didn't come in.</sentence><sentence id="168">When I left that day in the morning...I saw Abraham at night and I told him, Abraham, you know I had a pair of earrings of my grandmother's put it on on me when I was only three days old.</sentence><sentence id="169">I said I'm going to give you these earrings.</sentence><sentence id="170">It's very dear to me, and I had a watch and I had a wedding band and I had pictures.</sentence><sentence id="171">That was the most important for my family, a lot of pictures and he...I said I'll leave this with you after and you take care.</sentence><sentence id="172">He said oh, of course I'm going to take care of that, but when they took them out from the <span class="POPULATED_PLACE">ghetto</span> to the to the uh <span class="BUILDING">market place</span>, they told them to put all their valuables...they didn't know they're not going to go back, so everything was left in there.</sentence><sentence id="173">But I was so happy and pleased and that he came to the <span class="NPIP">place</span>, and we told him look, they made a <span class="NPIP">place</span> for all the women, one on top of the other, and a <span class="NPIP">place</span> for the men.</sentence><sentence id="174">And then they stopped making <span class="BUILDING">barracks</span> and they made for about...we were about six hundred in each <span class="BUILDING">barrack</span> and what I wanted to tell you that the police..my husband mentioned it already...that the police were taken with hammers over the heads, knocking them down and then taking them to the <span class="DLF">cemetery</span> for burial, and the wife of one policeman...her name is Mrs.Kohn (ph).</sentence><sentence id="175">She lives now I believe now in <span class="COUNTRY">Israel</span>.</sentence><sentence id="176">She was left alone with a young baby sixteen months old.</sentence><sentence id="177">Her name, his name was David.</sentence><sentence id="178">We called him Doodoo (ph), and she came in to that <span class="BUILDING">HASAG</span>, in that <span class="BUILDING">factory</span> with him.</sentence><sentence id="179">She put him in a sack, give him a sleeping pill, put him in a sack, and how shocked she was, and she brought him over.</sentence><sentence id="180">But later on when she sit down on the <span class="SPATIAL_OBJ">chair</span>, in that <span class="BUILDING">HASAG</span>, she could not talk and she was like you know not herself.</sentence><sentence id="181">She didn't know she had a child, like you call it crazy.</sentence><sentence id="182">Mishkoiradich* (ph).</sentence><sentence id="183">Regardless of how you say it in English, like like...not like crazy running around but quiet, very quiet.</sentence><sentence id="184">We had a doctor and he said that nothing he can do for her, so we gave her a broom in her hand and that she is the one who cleans the <span class="BUILDING">barracks</span> and that...with that broom she was sitting all the time in those <span class="BUILDING">barracks</span>.</sentence><sentence id="185">What we going to do with the child?We made it a little <span class="INT_SPACE">bunker</span> on the bottom under mine where I was sleeping on the first one.</sentence><sentence id="186">Then there were three like the <span class="SPATIAL_OBJ">bunk beds</span>, and this child they made it a little draw...drawer...<span class="DLF">door</span> and inside they made for him a little <span class="SPATIAL_OBJ">bed</span>.</sentence><sentence id="187">He got very tiny and he didn't grow and he was there.</sentence><sentence id="188">Whatever we could, you know...everybody from us gave him a little tiny whatever we got from bread or a spoon of soup.</sentence><sentence id="189">We had enough.</sentence><sentence id="190">He was so smart and so quiet.</sentence><sentence id="191">He didn't show himself.</sentence><sentence id="192">He didn't...he knew when he saw Nazis or Germans, he knew.</sentence><sentence id="193">He run away.</sentence><sentence id="194">Opened like a little <span class="DLF">door</span> and ran in there, and one day he couldn't make it.</sentence><sentence id="195">That Nazi saw him and they called the...Mr. Kurlon (ph) I think was the man from the Jewish uh elders and he called him and he said what's this.</sentence><sentence id="196">He said listen.</sentence><sentence id="197">I lost my family but I cannot, I couldn't have the heart to give this child.</sentence><sentence id="198">I'll do with him whatever you like.</sentence><sentence id="199">He said you know what.</sentence><sentence id="200">Give him a portion bread and a soup.</sentence><sentence id="201">Let him stay.</sentence><sentence id="202">You know, it...like who knows tomorrow what's going to be with all of you, and would you believe it or not, he stayed with us until 1945 when we were liberated.</sentence><sentence id="203">The only child.</sentence><sentence id="204">He didn't grow.</sentence><sentence id="205">He's in <span class="COUNTRY">Israel</span> today.</sentence><sentence id="206">Uh his father had a brother there in <span class="COUNTRY">Israel</span> and she's met...she's married.</sentence><sentence id="207">She got well in <span class="COUNTRY">Israel</span> and she got married.</sentence><sentence id="208">I don't know exactly how at this moment it is with them.</sentence><sentence id="209">You're not interested in everyone but this is the episode that I wanted to tell you that I thought it was interesting.</sentence><sentence id="210">We stayed in that <span class="POPULATED_PLACE">HASAG</span>.</sentence><sentence id="211">I was working very, very hard.</sentence><sentence id="212">I was working so hard because they took away...every time a couple of hundred of people and they send them to the <span class="POPULATED_PLACE">Auschwitz</span> or Tre...1 don't know wherever they sent them away from us.</sentence><sentence id="213">We didn't know exactly where they were sending people, so like I had one machine...we were making ammunitions.</sentence><sentence id="214">Then I had to have three <span class="SPATIAL_OBJ">machines</span>, so if one <span class="SPATIAL_OBJ">machine</span> made Schmelz*...Schmelz means when the Rohstoff did not come out too good, so he...it was punishment, so I I I couldn't be at once on all the three <span class="SPATIAL_OBJ">machines</span>, that was for three people.</sentence><sentence id="215">Abe called me I'm a dancer, I'm dancing from one <span class="SPATIAL_OBJ">machine</span> to the other, and at the top of it they made it very hard for us.</sentence><sentence id="216">Why?</sentence><sentence id="217">We used to take the Rohstoff, put it in a very high, big machine <span class="NPIP">inside</span> and that machine was going this way and it came out at once in a big box, the Rohstoff, and this was only uh we called it Matrizen(r).</sentence><sentence id="218">That means that the the bullet goes in &gt; in a stupor (Yiddish) * melted metal (German) * raw material (German) deg mold (German) in that.</sentence><sentence id="219">I don't know how you call it in English.</sentence><sentence id="220">We call it in German the Matrizen.</sentence><sentence id="221">And the bullet goes in in that.</sentence><sentence id="222">The bullet was a different <span class="NPIP">place</span> where people were working.</sentence><sentence id="223">So one day I had Schmelz down but the work was not done.</sentence><sentence id="224">He said why did you do that?</sentence><sentence id="225">I didn't do it, nothing.</sentence><sentence id="226">I said I have for this <span class="SPATIAL_OBJ">machine</span> then that happened.</sentence><sentence id="227">You've got to call up Heinrich (ph).</sentence><sentence id="228">That means the man who's fixing the machine.</sentence><sentence id="229">I said I did but I couldn't do it while I was on this <span class="SPATIAL_OBJ">machine</span>, so I got "strafe...punishment.</sentence><sentence id="230">Punishment...it was my twelve hours work regular.</sentence><sentence id="231">The other twelve hours was the "strafe and then it was again my time to work and it was at night time.</sentence><sentence id="232">For thirty-six hours without nothing, eating, standing what we got to eat, so I was so tired so I sit down.</sentence><sentence id="233">I don't know a German walked over... where he got such a foot I don't know.</sentence><sentence id="234">I was not such a little girl.</sentence><sentence id="235">I'm tall.</sentence><sentence id="236">He picked me up with his foot and he he...I 1 got up, with his foot, while I'm sitting and eating.</sentence><sentence id="237">I'm not going to tell you how many times we got beaten up for things that was...a minimum we got beaten up.</sentence><sentence id="238">As long as we were not shot, and then on the top we had a very bad time.</sentence><sentence id="239">What happened?</sentence><sentence id="240">There was another <span class="POPULATED_PLACE">camp</span> uh <span class="POPULATED_PLACE">Skarzysko</span>.</sentence><sentence id="241">They had liquidated that <span class="POPULATED_PLACE">camp</span> and they sent the people to our <span class="POPULATED_PLACE">camp</span> in that <span class="BUILDING">HASAG</span> in <span class="POPULATED_PLACE">Czestochowa</span>.</sentence><sentence id="242">With them came the Meisters.</sentence><sentence id="243">Means the the German Herrschaft".</sentence><sentence id="244">They came and they were the...if ours were very bad, theirs were ten time worst.</sentence><sentence id="245">They didn't talk.</sentence><sentence id="246">They went with the guns like that.</sentence><sentence id="247">There was special one man...his name is so good for him...his name was Bartenschlager*, and he had...he didn't go...he didn't talk to nobody.</sentence><sentence id="248">If he did see something he didn't like it, he shot you.</sentence><sentence id="249">And I had the pleasure once to see him next to my <span class="SPATIAL_OBJ">machine</span>.</sentence><sentence id="250">I figured that seven o'clock we're finishing and at five to seven I made my accord everything was finished.</sentence><sentence id="251">Five minutes before I'm going to clean up my <span class="SPATIAL_OBJ">machines</span>.</sentence><sentence id="252">Everything had to be spotless.</sentence><sentence id="253">They're very clean, the Germans.</sentence><sentence id="254">That that you can't take away from them.</sentence><sentence id="255">I cleaned up my machine and he came over and he said, "Wieviel spat ist es?"</sentence><sentence id="256">What time is it now?</sentence><sentence id="257">And I said, Herr Meister.</sentence><sentence id="258">Seven.</sentence><sentence id="259">He said seven?</sentence><sentence id="260">He looked at the watch and it was just maybe a quarter second after seven.</sentence><sentence id="261">He hold that gun, "Pass" mal auf."</sentence><sentence id="262">Because he saw my machine was clean already, and I was so lucky that he didn't shot me.</sentence><sentence id="263">He must have liked my face.</sentence><sentence id="264">I don't know, because he didn't do...he didn't talk.</sentence><sentence id="265">He'd have shot right away.</sentence><sentence id="266">That was another luck I had.</sentence><sentence id="267">And then again, I had a cousin and she was working in a <span class="NPIP">place</span> named <span class="POPULATED_PLACE">Augenschein</span> (ph).</sentence><sentence id="268">That was the bullets...they had to make the bullets so nice and so clean cause any tiny little scratch, the bullet doesn't shoot out, so it had to be done very...and she was a very beautiful girl, a face like a doll, with with big lashes but when she looked up the lashes went until here and if you looked down the lashes went until here.</sentence><sentence id="269">So she couldn't see so good.</sentence><sentence id="270">Every day she went...there was Wache"".</sentence><sentence id="271">There was a Wache...but the Germans took you.</sentence><sentence id="272">Somebody signed it for you and the Ukrainians beat...resumed the beating on the behind.</sentence><sentence id="273">They take off everything.</sentence><sentence id="274">Bend down T control, mastery (German) 8 Bartenschlager, Georg, SS# 77325.</sentence><sentence id="275">Sources: <span class="BUILDING">Berlin Document Center</span>'s List of SS Officers; Churban Czenstochow by Benjamin Orenstein, p. 271-274. ;</sentence><sentence id="276">colloquial translation = "Hold on" (German) 8 guard, watch (German) and with those pages whatever it is..beatings...she got twenty-five everyday on her behind.</sentence><sentence id="277">And then I also remember one thing.</sentence><sentence id="278">It didn't do to me, but it did it such a thing to me that I'll never forget as long as I live.</sentence><sentence id="279">There were five brothers Leibermann (ph).</sentence><sentence id="280">Four of them survived.</sentence><sentence id="281">I don't know if you ever heard of them.</sentence><sentence id="282">You did?</sentence><sentence id="283">And one took away...I don't know if he...from where he had a piece of leather because those those big belts from the machine, it was from leather, so he must have, you know, cut off a piece because there was something wrong with it and another piece and they found a piece on one of the brothers.</sentence><sentence id="284">And they beat the one of the brothers two hundred...he had it...until he died on to under that thing and didn't say it was his brother.</sentence><sentence id="285">He didn't want...he knew they're going to kill me maybe anyway.</sentence><sentence id="286">I don't want to to in...implicate my brother.</sentence><sentence id="287">In fact I had something to do with the liberation of his brothers.</sentence><sentence id="288">I said something in in like a novi! ..</sentence><sentence id="289">you know what a novi means...somebody who knows to say it something is going to happen.</sentence><sentence id="290">What I said in it and the four of them survived.</sentence><sentence id="291">I always meet them when there's a gathering, uh memorial for the Czestochowa people.</sentence><sentence id="292">We're always there so we always meet.</sentence></p></dialogue>
<dialogue class="Question"><p><sentence id="573">Q: You...</sentence></p></dialogue>
<dialogue class="Answer"><p><sentence id="575">A: Yeah, and that was...</sentence></p></dialogue>
<dialogue class="Question"><p><sentence id="577">Q: ..Slow down a little bit.</sentence></p></dialogue>
<dialogue class=""><p><sentence id="579">A. Yeah.</sentence><sentence id="580">No, it's OK.</sentence><sentence id="581">I I can go on.</sentence><sentence id="582">I'm strong.</sentence><sentence id="583">I can go on.</sentence></p></dialogue>
<dialogue class="Question"><p><sentence id="589">Q: You had a story about the woman who fought with the Nazis?</sentence><sentence id="590">You had a story about a woman who fought with the Nazis?</sentence><sentence id="591">Was that interesting?</sentence></p></dialogue>
<dialogue class="Answer"><p><sentence id="595">A: This girl...you want me to tell you about her.</sentence><sentence id="596">Yes.</sentence><sentence id="597">That was uh still when we were in the <span class="POPULATED_PLACE">ghetto</span>.</sentence><sentence id="598">That was not in the <span class="BUILDING">HASAG</span>.</sentence><sentence id="599">We were working in a <span class="NPIP">place</span> named Ausbahn (ph).Ausbahn (ph) means the the <span class="SPATIAL_OBJ">trains</span> were going to...out of the <span class="COUNTRY">country</span> to like to <span class="COUNTRY">France</span> or other <span class="NPIP">places</span>, and I remember <span class="SPATIAL_OBJ">trains</span> passing by with Jews and there must have been Litvak Jews because they were talking Jewish in <span class="POPULATED_PLACE">Letish</span> (ph)...must be from <span class="COUNTRY">Latvia</span> some <span class="NPIP">place</span>.</sentence><sentence id="600">They begged us to give them a little bit snow so the <span class="SPATIAL_OBJ">train</span>...while the <span class="SPATIAL_OBJ">trains</span> were rolling, not standing, we were making very hard uh balls from snow and throwing.</sentence><sentence id="601">They were killing each other to get that piece of that snow.</sentence><sentence id="602">They must have been very very thirsty, and they also asked us where they are and we screamed it's <span class="POPULATED_PLACE">Czestochowa</span>, so I was working... don't "" prophet (Yiddish) know to say that English...but in in German we call this a kilof"".</sentence><sentence id="603">It's like a big hammer with a stick that you cut the ice with it, with a spit.</sentence><sentence id="604">This...1 was working like a man and we were cutting the ice from the <span class="SPATIAL_OBJ">train</span>, near the <span class="SPATIAL_OBJ">train</span> but the <span class="SPATIAL_OBJ">train</span> should, you know, could pass by and in the summer we were making uh uh ditches.</sentence><sentence id="605">So one day we were working by the <span class="DLF">ditches</span> just like that and that one of the foremens...actually he was from the uh <span class="SPATIAL_OBJ">train</span>...a foreman, from <span class="SPATIAL_OBJ">train</span>.</sentence><sentence id="606">He was a tall man.</sentence><sentence id="607">I believe that man must have been seven feet big.</sentence><sentence id="608">Such a tall man I never...we had to look up.</sentence><sentence id="609">I am not so small...had to look up looking like that to see him.</sentence><sentence id="610">His name was Lajzer (ph).</sentence><sentence id="611">I don't know the second name...the second name was Lajzer (ph).</sentence><sentence id="612">I know he had a wife, no children, because she had a <span class="BUILDING">home</span> right next to the <span class="DLF">tracks</span> and she used to take in two blond girls, you know...friends of mine also from <span class="POPULATED_PLACE">Czestochowa</span>, two sisters to warm up a little bit and they...she used to give them socks to mend that they should rest a little bit.</sentence><sentence id="613">I never had that uh luck to go in there.</sentence><sentence id="614">I used to go in to the little <span class="SPATIAL_OBJ">booth</span> sometime from the uh uh conductors from the <span class="SPATIAL_OBJ">train</span> to warm up but they had a fire going and it was bitter cold in January, February, but working <span class="NPIP">outside</span> and we didn't...we were not clothed so uh all of a sudden he he said uh he opened a <span class="BUILDING">tent</span> and he took in our...one by one asking questions.</sentence><sentence id="615">When the people came out, each boys and girls, we asked them what did he say.</sentence><sentence id="616">What did they want?</sentence><sentence id="617">They said we're not allowed to say anything, so until I didn't go in I didn't know what was going on.</sentence><sentence id="618">When I went in he asked me a question.</sentence><sentence id="619">He called me by my name Regina.</sentence><sentence id="620">I don't know.</sentence><sentence id="621">For some reason he liked me.</sentence><sentence id="622">He said Regina, you tell me the truth.</sentence><sentence id="623">I said of course Herr Meister, I'll tell you everything...in German.</sentence><sentence id="624">He said, did Paula said something about me.</sentence><sentence id="625">I said oh no.</sentence><sentence id="626">Never.</sentence><sentence id="627">You walk with her to the <span class="POPULATED_PLACE">ghetto</span> everyday in five...we were walking five.</sentence><sentence id="628">I said we're walking every day but she never said one word and the woman was sitting with him was a Jewish woman, and I said to her...Rosa was her name...Rosa, what do you want me...you better tell she said.</sentence><sentence id="629">I said what do you want me to tell?</sentence><sentence id="630">I don't know what it's all about.</sentence><sentence id="631">She said well, they're talking that I am in love with Mr. Lajzer (ph) and that I am have business with him and they took him to the Gestapo.</sentence><sentence id="632">She told me that and that they're making a big uh investigation about him, because this is not allowed.</sentence><sentence id="633">A Jewish woman with a German is not allowed.</sentence><sentence id="634">So I said believe me that's the honest truth...and all of a sudden they told me to go out.</sentence><sentence id="635">When I went out, they called her in.</sentence><sentence id="636">She was the next one to go in and as she went in, she went out.</sentence><sentence id="637">That same minute.</sentence><sentence id="638">And he behind her with a gun, just like that.</sentence><sentence id="639">Shooting.</sentence><sentence id="640">And she did like that...and all of a sudden he grabbed her and she grabbed him and they were twisting.</sentence><sentence id="641">I don't...like I said she was a small woman, not a big woman like me.</sentence><sentence id="642">A girl, a young girl, maybe sixteen or fifteen.</sentence><sentence id="643">She throwed him down, that big man, fat man.</sentence><sentence id="644">He throwed down...she was rolling with him...he was all...his his clothing, you know...the German was full with sand and with mud and she didn't let herself killed.</sentence><sentence id="645">All of a sudden, like I said...we walked over.</sentence><sentence id="646">We begged him, and then there was a like man who used to be a neighbor of his in in <span class="COUNTRY">Germany</span>.</sentence><sentence id="647">He was sent to the <span class="POPULATED_PLACE">Lodz ghetto</span>, the <span class="POPULATED_PLACE" lat="51.783" long="19.467">Litzmannstadt</span>, and then from there to <span class="POPULATED_PLACE">Czestochowa</span> and he walked over to him.</sentence><sentence id="648">He grabbed him by his arm and he said listen Mr. Lajzer (ph).</sentence><sentence id="649">You're such a good man.</sentence><sentence id="650">You've been my neighbor.</sentence><sentence id="651">Please, you're going to be sorry later on.</sentence><sentence id="652">She's a young kid.</sentence><sentence id="653">Maybe she didn't mean it.</sentence><sentence id="654">Don't kill her, please.</sentence><sentence id="655">About that time she ran and she ran away.</sentence><sentence id="656">2 pickaxe (note: "kilof" not found in German dictionary, rather in Polish dictionary) 0 She ran away very, very fast, far as she could and she walked into the <span class="POPULATED_PLACE">ghetto</span>.</sentence><sentence id="657">She's all been to a different group from people working also out but they walk into the <span class="POPULATED_PLACE">ghetto</span> and she got in back to the <span class="POPULATED_PLACE">ghetto</span>.</sentence><sentence id="658">The next...she had a husband this one young lady.</sentence><sentence id="659">But she got married a short time before and his name was Stefek (ph).</sentence><sentence id="660">I don't...cannot remember the second name but my husband has a picture in uh the <span class="ENV_FEATURES">mountains</span> from his <span class="DLF">grave</span> because there's massen-grave'deg there.</sentence><sentence id="661">They called them they called them twenty-seven at once and he was working in a different <span class="NPIP">place</span> and she took him to this <span class="NPIP">place</span> because he should have easier for him, but at that time she didn't know that she's going to be in love with this.</sentence><sentence id="662">One thing she did tell me when I asked her...I said your husband is complaining that you're going out to dinner.</sentence><sentence id="663">Not...I didn't say with Paula.</sentence><sentence id="664">I said your husband.</sentence><sentence id="665">And said that you're going out to dinner with a German and he is jealous.</sentence><sentence id="666">So she walked over and she said to that to that German, you know Herr Meister my husband is eiferstichtig.</sentence><sentence id="667">That means he is jealous, and and he said no, you pass my love.</sentence><sentence id="668">I have nothing to do with your wife.</sentence><sentence id="669">He was very very jealous and she told him that and she didn't think anything, you know, and he didn't think anything, but when we went back to the <span class="POPULATED_PLACE">ghetto</span> and he said Regina, she's not coming <span class="BUILDING">home</span> to sleep anymore.</sentence><sentence id="670">She cannot say that she is not going out with him.</sentence><sentence id="671">Of course I...my mouth was sealed, not allowed to say anything.</sentence><sentence id="672">I said oh don't say that.</sentence><sentence id="673">Maybe she is working with him.</sentence><sentence id="674">Maybe, you know, there's a lot of things to work...she's a foreman.</sentence><sentence id="675">She's a Jewish foreman.</sentence><sentence id="676">All of a sudden when we come back the next day for work, they send us a different job.</sentence><sentence id="677">He didn't come back, the German, and not did Rosa.</sentence><sentence id="678">They disappeared, both of them.</sentence><sentence id="679">What happened...later on when we were working this husband of hers...1 remember Stefek (ph)...that I remember.</sentence><sentence id="680">He was a blonde, fairly young, maybe twenty-five, twenty-four.</sentence><sentence id="681">Beautiful, good looking, tall and he went to work with another twenty-seven I think or twenty-eight or twenty-seven boys...or men.</sentence><sentence id="682">The women didn't work on that Saturday or Sunday or Saturday, and he went to work, and that man, that Lajzer (ph)...came and that partisans, a lot of partisans, walked into that group to go into the <span class="POPULATED_PLACE">ghetto</span>.</sentence><sentence id="683">All they wanted to go into that <span class="BUILDING">HASAG</span>.</sentence><sentence id="684">They needed uh ammunition, so I guess they must have wanted to go in to get some ammunition.</sentence><sentence id="685">They were taking big risks, and somebody from the Gestapo noticed it, or they were informed from the Polish partisans.</sentence><sentence id="686">We don't know.</sentence><sentence id="687">Somebody there informed the Germans that partisans are with this group, and they took that Lajzer (ph), the one that went away with her, with that Rosa, to take out every second to be killed and he took him out too.</sentence><sentence id="688">That Stefek (ph), and they were all shot and killed and they made a massen-grave in the <span class="DLF">Jewish cemetery</span> in <span class="POPULATED_PLACE">Czestochowa</span> and when Abraham was now in <span class="COUNTRY">Poland</span> he took a picture of that <span class="DLF">grave</span>.</sentence><sentence id="689">He he knew that I was very interested in him. "</sentence><sentence id="690">S <span class="DLF">mass grave</span> (German: Massengrab) 1 I saw her once.</sentence><sentence id="691">I saw her once, this woman, after the liberation and then I saw her again a couple of years later.</sentence><sentence id="692">I saw her first in <span class="COUNTRY">Poland</span>.</sentence><sentence id="693">She came back with her seventeen month old child and when we asked her what happened to him, she said he took her to the <span class="ENV_FEATURES">woods</span> and in the <span class="ENV_FEATURES">woods</span>, there is like...you know, in Polish they say (indecipherable)...I don't know how we Say it in English...a man who takes care in the for the <span class="ENV_FEATURES">woods</span>, and he was with a wife and he went in there with a gun to his head he said you must take care of her.</sentence><sentence id="694">She is pregnant, and this is my first child.</sentence><sentence id="695">I never had children before and I want her to have this child and I want her to be safe, and that's the way they survived in there.</sentence><sentence id="696">But in 1945 when the Russians liberated that <span class="NPIP">place</span>, that Polish Gayoua (ph) told him who he is.</sentence><sentence id="697">He knew that he is a Nazi and on the spot they killed him and her with the child...</sentence></p></dialogue>
<dialogue class="Question"><p><sentence id="803">Q: Who?</sentence></p></dialogue>
<dialogue class="Answer"><p><sentence id="805">A: ..the German, her husband, her lover, whatever he was at that time and they send her back and let her go.</sentence><sentence id="806">She's a Jewish woman with a child.</sentence><sentence id="807">She come in.</sentence><sentence id="808">She had a uncle and a aunt.</sentence><sentence id="809">I lived here and I saw through the <span class="DLF">window</span> and the uncle lived on this <span class="NPIP">side</span>, and I saw her walking with the baby on the end and then I know very well that that aunt, she still is alive.</sentence><sentence id="810">The uncle not, but the aunt.</sentence><sentence id="811">And the second time I saw her was at the Ischor"*.</sentence><sentence id="812">That means when we had the Ischor after our six million departed, she came.</sentence><sentence id="813">I walked over there and I said like that I am not going to do nothing to you.</sentence><sentence id="814">I would not even open my hand to touch you because you're too dirty but I'm going to tell you one thing.</sentence><sentence id="815">Whom do you come to cry for?</sentence><sentence id="816">For your husband Stefek (ph) or for Lajzer (ph), for the German, and I said you have no right to come here whatsoever.</sentence><sentence id="817">And my husband says she has two brothers, very nice, fine people and she came from a good family, but that's what she told me during the war.</sentence><sentence id="818">I'd do anything to survive.</sentence><sentence id="819">That she did tell me once.</sentence><sentence id="820">He wants to help me, that she told me.</sentence><sentence id="821">He wants me to survive.</sentence><sentence id="822">She was not afraid for me to tell me, but that he's going to kill her husband I don't think that she knew that.</sentence><sentence id="823">I don't think so.</sentence><sentence id="824">I don't think she would allow that.</sentence><sentence id="825">He...he he was really lovely and good looking.</sentence><sentence id="826">She loved him but I guess she was so...wanted so much to live that she ran away with him.</sentence><sentence id="827">That that that is what happened.</sentence><sentence id="828">That's why he wanted to shoot this girl.</sentence><sentence id="829">That's what I said, but I told...just show you the pictures to show you that that's her I met after so many years and she knew then who I was and she, you know, that all the time we were not eating at that party...it was a New Year's party.</sentence><sentence id="830">We were just standing together holding hands and talking and she wants to find but her husband said no.</sentence><sentence id="831">She has in <span class="POPULATED_PLACE">Baltimore</span> a <span class="BUILDING">restaurant</span>.</sentence><sentence id="832">I think she's very well off.</sentence><sentence id="833">She has one daughter who is married to a very, very nice uh educated man and uh...</sentence></p></dialogue>
<dialogue class="Question"><p><sentence id="863">Q: Excuse me...at this point, when...just briefly...when were you liberated?</sentence></p></dialogue>
<dialogue class="Answer"><p><sentence id="865">A: I was liberated in January 16, 1945 in <span class="POPULATED_PLACE">Czestochowa</span>. "*</sentence><sentence id="866">memorial (Yiddish) 2</sentence></p></dialogue>
<dialogue class="Question"><p><sentence id="869">Q: By then you were married...?</sentence></p></dialogue>
<dialogue class="Answer"><p><sentence id="871">A: Yes.</sentence><sentence id="872">Of course with Abraham, yes.</sentence><sentence id="873">We were together and like Abraham told you, we ran away from the...the night before.</sentence><sentence id="874">That was for itself a thing that we could have been killed just like that.</sentence><sentence id="875">There was Offensive.</sentence><sentence id="876">The Germans were fighting with the Russians, and wherever we went, the Germans told us don't go here.</sentence><sentence id="877">They didn't know who you are, when we ran away from the <span class="POPULATED_PLACE">camp</span>.</sentence><sentence id="878">But they told us to go in a <span class="NPIP">side</span>, over the <span class="NPIP">side</span>.</sentence><sentence id="879">Then all of a sudden I said to my husband, Abe, if the Nazis did not killed us, they they the bullets are going to kill us.</sentence><sentence id="880">Let's go in to any <span class="NPIP">place</span> we can, so we went into a <span class="NPIP">place</span> and there was Polish people standing <span class="NPIP">outside</span> and I went over and in Polish...I speak a very good Polish...and I said to them, please, couldn't you let us in just for one night.</sentence><sentence id="881">We are going <span class="BUILDING">home</span> from work and we don't seem...the Nazis don't let us go <span class="BUILDING">home</span>, go past.</sentence><sentence id="882">There were Germans all over tell us to go this way.</sentence><sentence id="883">So I said you know what?</sentence><sentence id="884">Go in here, on the <span class="INT_SPACE">ground floor</span>.</sentence><sentence id="885">There's a Polish woman.</sentence><sentence id="886">She has only one son and she has a big <span class="INT_SPACE">apartment</span>.</sentence><sentence id="887">So we did.</sentence><sentence id="888">I walked in and I said in Polish, "Niech bedzie pochwalony Jezus Chrystus.</sentence><sentence id="889">""deg It's the truth.</sentence><sentence id="890">It's the honest truth and I said please, we cannot go <span class="BUILDING">home</span>.</sentence><sentence id="891">Would you...oh she so (inaudible).</sentence><sentence id="892">She said of course, of course, come in.</sentence><sentence id="893">In fact she said to me if we're going to have to run, if they're going to bombard our <span class="BUILDING">house</span>, you take...grab anything because you don't have anything.</sentence><sentence id="894">She was sewing on a machine rucksacks, you know, to put in stuff.</sentence><sentence id="895">She put a lot in stuff and she said you can take something and go.</sentence><sentence id="896">She gave us something to eat and to drink.</sentence><sentence id="897">Abe was so frightened with Jewish face that he all the time was holding his head down and like sleeping and uh there was another woman running after us, a blonde woman.</sentence><sentence id="898">I don't remember her name but she was a blonde, older lady and she was together with us and she went into the same <span class="BUILDING">house</span> with us and she was sitting also straight and she looked all the time at my husband, this woman but she didn't say anything.</sentence><sentence id="899">Uh there was another woman from the <span class="INT_SPACE">sixth floor</span> with a son, a daughter-in-law and a baby a couple of months old.</sentence><sentence id="900">The son had no hands...Polish_ people...because in in <span class="POPULATED_PLACE" lat="52.233028" long="21.017">Warsaw</span>...they were from <span class="POPULATED_PLACE" lat="52.233028" long="21.017">Warsaw</span>...but the bombardment...the bomb it dropped into the <span class="BUILDING">house</span> and cut off both of his hands, so he was normal only he had no hands, so uh I looked at him and she says that she lives on the <span class="INT_SPACE">sixth floor</span> and with a baby that during the bombardment she is afraid to be in the <span class="INT_SPACE">sixth floor</span>.</sentence><sentence id="901">That's why she came down to that neighbor where we were sitting also.</sentence><sentence id="902">About five o'clock in the morning she said she's going to go up and make a bottle for the baby, the older lady, the grandmother, so she went up.</sentence><sentence id="903">She made a bottle.</sentence><sentence id="904">She came down with the bottle.</sentence><sentence id="905">And she said in these words.</sentence><sentence id="906">In Polish she said there's so many Jews <span class="NPIP">outside</span> on the <span class="DLF">steps</span> and they're all shivering.</sentence><sentence id="907">It was cold, in January...such a cold in <span class="COUNTRY">Poland</span> January...even here in January it's cold in <span class="COUNTRY">America</span>, but in <span class="COUNTRY">Poland</span> it is ten times that much colder, and and they didn't have...they were not clothed.</sentence><sentence id="908">They didn't have too much clothes i "May Jesus Christ be blessed."</sentence><sentence id="909">3 on and she said this in Polish.</sentence><sentence id="910">She said maybe people from that <span class="POPULATED_PLACE">concentration camp</span> ran away because the bombardment is like that, so I said to myself let me go out and look on the <span class="DLF">steps</span>, so I opened the <span class="DLF">door</span> and I went out on by the first <span class="INT_SPACE">floor</span> and I see people that I was together in the <span class="POPULATED_PLACE">camps</span>.</sentence><sentence id="911">And I said what happened?</sentence><sentence id="912">What are you doing here?</sentence><sentence id="913">She said what are you doing here?</sentence><sentence id="914">I said well we ran away the night before and we were hiding in this <span class="BUILDING">home</span> for the night, and they said we don't know but all of a sudden, about three o'clock in the morning, we didn't see no Germans, so we were afraid because like I said there were (indecipherable) my husband says bombs, it was not bombs.</sentence><sentence id="915">It was hand grenades in a in a uh cover, a cotton cover.</sentence><sentence id="916">They were holding hand grenades.</sentence><sentence id="917">That's what they did in a lot of <span class="POPULATED_PLACE">camps</span>, so when (indecipherable) you poisoned food, so we didn't eat that day and for the hand grenades we were afraid.</sentence><sentence id="918">That's why me and Abraham went out from the <span class="POPULATED_PLACE">camp</span>.</sentence><sentence id="919">It wasn't so easy but we we left and uh so so they said we were afraid that they should throw the hand grenades so we ran away, and when we went to the to the <span class="DLF">gates</span>, nobody was there.</sentence><sentence id="920">The Germans knew that the Russians are coming, so they ran away, so my...Abe said three o'clock in the afternoon, Abe's sure that the Germans are running to the <span class="SPATIAL_OBJ">trains</span> and the <span class="SPATIAL_OBJ">trains</span> that are going fast, where they could drop.</sentence><sentence id="921">I said you know my father said 1914 there happened something like that, 1916, when the war was, you know, that his father told him that the Germans are running up.</sentence><sentence id="922">The Russians came in, you know, Ist World War...it looks like 1st World War, but the Germans are running away.</sentence><sentence id="923">But he wasn't sure.</sentence><sentence id="924">Then uh when I saw that I went out and what I saw...I saw...that picture I'll never forget as long as I live either.</sentence><sentence id="925">I saw <span class="SPATIAL_OBJ">Russian tanks</span> coming up to the <span class="POPULATED_PLACE">city</span>, waving to us and we asked them how are you.</sentence><sentence id="926">Thank God that you liberated us.</sentence><sentence id="927">They said, "Na"(r) <span class="POPULATED_PLACE" lat="52.4546411" long="13.3818501">Berlin</span>, na <span class="POPULATED_PLACE" lat="52.4546411" long="13.3818501">Berlin</span>, na <span class="POPULATED_PLACE" lat="52.4546411" long="13.3818501">Berlin</span>."</sentence><sentence id="928">They were so happy, so like like not to go for war...like it was a party.</sentence><sentence id="929">That hit me so hard.</sentence><sentence id="930">I said my God, look at those young boys how they're running na <span class="POPULATED_PLACE" lat="52.4546411" long="13.3818501">Berlin</span>.</sentence><sentence id="931">And I went back to the <span class="INT_SPACE">apartment</span>, and I said to Abraham in Yiddish, Kim"".</sentence><sentence id="932">He opened his eyes.</sentence><sentence id="933">He said what what are you saying?</sentence><sentence id="934">I said baby,the Russians are here.</sentence><sentence id="935">We are free.</sentence><sentence id="936">We are liberated.</sentence><sentence id="937">He said I cannot believe it.</sentence><sentence id="938">I said believe it, believe it.</sentence><sentence id="939">And the woman took it up and all of them got up and all went out, but what I still cannot forget, the last minute because she said you don't have too much time but I'll tell you that anyway.</sentence><sentence id="940">The Polish woman, the one who had the son without hands, came over and said like that, and the other Polish woman, the the owner from that <span class="INT_SPACE">apartment</span>.</sentence><sentence id="941">He said what's your name, and I told him.</sentence><sentence id="942">He said to me, listen to me.</sentence><sentence id="943">Go to the Holy Mother and the Holy uh Hill...that's the to (Russian) "7 Come on 4 Matka Boska Czestochowa"... they're coming from all over the world, the Christian people by foot, walking and pray to her because she liberated us because you see when we were liberating this <span class="INT_SPACE">apartment</span>, that <span class="NPIP">place</span> was right nearby.</sentence><sentence id="944">Abe was now there when...he made a lot of pictures also uh from that <span class="NPIP">place</span>.</sentence><sentence id="945">That she told me.</sentence><sentence id="946">And with that we left.</sentence><sentence id="947">I want to tell you one more thing.</sentence><sentence id="948">When we left, we didn't know where to go.</sentence><sentence id="949">Nothing to eat.</sentence><sentence id="950">Nothing to drink.</sentence><sentence id="951">Nothing to wear.</sentence><sentence id="952">No <span class="NPIP">place</span> where to go, so we decided that we're going to go and see where is more Jewish people, so we found somebody that my husband took out in <span class="POPULATED_PLACE">Treblinka</span>.</sentence><sentence id="953">He told you that he had this eyes, like, that didn't want...three times he took him out and said they wouldn't let him out but finally...he still...my husband just saw him.</sentence><sentence id="954">Of course he's very ill...he's eighty-five, eighty-six years old.</sentence><sentence id="955">He's in <span class="COUNTRY">Israel</span>.</sentence><sentence id="956">He lost a wife and four children but he remarried a couple of times after that.</sentence><sentence id="957">He lost another two wifes then but he has two sons, very very fine sons.</sentence><sentence id="958">One is in a <span class="POPULATED_PLACE">kibbutz</span>.</sentence><sentence id="959">The other one has a business in <span class="POPULATED_PLACE">Tel Aviv</span>.</sentence><sentence id="960">They're like my own children because their mother was very very dear to me.</sentence><sentence id="961">She died when one was eleven and one was six.</sentence><sentence id="962">And uh when when we went in to her <span class="INT_SPACE">apartment</span> were Christian men that my husband knew, an older couple, and he said...name was Gornik (ph) I think...and he said, oh Abraham, you survived.</sentence><sentence id="963">Come in to my <span class="BUILDING">house</span>, come in.</sentence><sentence id="964">We went in.</sentence><sentence id="965">He give us his <span class="SPATIAL_OBJ">bed</span> and he gave us food and we eat.</sentence><sentence id="966">The next morning we looked out to the <span class="DLF">window</span> and what we saw one Katytisha"".</sentence><sentence id="967">I don't know what you name...it was like the bullet small what we made in the <span class="POPULATED_PLACE">camp</span>, that was a big one.</sentence><sentence id="968">Very very big.</sentence><sentence id="969">Bright like that and big one like that, very big one.</sentence><sentence id="970">I never saw such a thing in my life but he's looked at that that Pollack and he said, oh the Germans are coming back.</sentence><sentence id="971">Out <span class="POPULATED_PLACE">Zydy</span>, <span class="POPULATED_PLACE">Jude</span>.</sentence><sentence id="972">Jews out.</sentence><sentence id="973">And he throwed us out.</sentence><sentence id="974">So he took us in.</sentence><sentence id="975">He knew Abraham.</sentence><sentence id="976">We went out and we're walking to a <span class="DLF">street</span> named <span class="POPULATED_PLACE">Garibaldiego</span>.</sentence><sentence id="977">And there we met this man that is in <span class="COUNTRY">Israel</span> I told you...that old man.</sentence><sentence id="978">He took us in.</sentence><sentence id="979">The <span class="INT_SPACE">kitchen</span> was only free.</sentence><sentence id="980">Only the <span class="INT_SPACE">kitchen</span>.</sentence><sentence id="981">So I had a toothache, all this time in that <span class="POPULATED_PLACE">concentration camp</span>.</sentence><sentence id="982">After the abortion, that toothache started and I didn't stop after the liberation.</sentence><sentence id="983">And I was afraid to go to a dentist because we didn't have nobody.</sentence><sentence id="984">If you go to dentist, they just didn't give injection or just to take out alive, so I was afraid.</sentence><sentence id="985">So finally Abe said we have to go.</sentence><sentence id="986">And I went once to the dentist in the <span class="POPULATED_PLACE">concentration camp</span> and it was a woman was then.</sentence><sentence id="987">She took out a good tooth.</sentence><sentence id="988">Just like that.</sentence><sentence id="989">Without anything.</sentence><sentence id="990">I screamed and that's when the tooth got out, and that tooth was by...I told her...the other tooth.</sentence><sentence id="991">But exactly maybe I didn't know myself which one, so she took out the good tooth, so that explains.</sentence><sentence id="992">So my husband goes in the <span class="DLF">street</span>, and he meets a young man, a Jewish boy.</sentence><sentence id="993">He said I'm a dentist.</sentence><sentence id="994">Oh my husband...oh my wife has such a bad tooth.</sentence><sentence id="995">Couldn't you...he said I'm a barber.</sentence><sentence id="996">I'll cut your hair.</sentence><sentence id="997">So they made an exchange, and while taking out my tooth..-he didn't take out the tooth.</sentence><sentence id="998">He broke a vein and at night...I'm lost that that two days after the liberation almost all my "8 The picture of the Black Madonna in the <span class="BUILDING">Jasna Gora church</span> in <span class="POPULATED_PLACE">Czestochowa</span> lorry-mounted multiple rocket launcher (Russian) 5 blood.</sentence><sentence id="999">I had uh hemorrhages...and Abe was such a shy man that when I I saw what's going on.</sentence><sentence id="1000">They give me a <span class="SPATIAL_OBJ">pail</span> and the <span class="SPATIAL_OBJ">pail</span> was full with blood, so I said to him, please call on for the dentist.</sentence><sentence id="1001">I don't know what to do.</sentence><sentence id="1002">He figured my God, how can anybody wake somebody out at night.</sentence><sentence id="1003">I said I think I'll never forgive him that, but he did.</sentence><sentence id="1004">Finally a woman called the dentist.</sentence><sentence id="1005">He come back.</sentence><sentence id="1006">He almost killed my husband.</sentence><sentence id="1007">Said why didn't you call me right away.</sentence><sentence id="1008">He give me a tampon and three times that tampax and three times I took that...the fourth time the blood finally stopped, but I was anemic for many, many, many years.</sentence><sentence id="1009">After such a condition I had to lose all all this blood, but little by little we uh...it is another story from 1945 until now which you can write a big book...</sentence></p></dialogue>
<dialogue class="Question"><p><sentence id="1152">Q: OK.</sentence></p></dialogue>
<dialogue class="Answer"><p><sentence id="1154">A: Maybe I should write a book.</sentence></p></dialogue>
<dialogue class="Question"><p><sentence id="1156">Q: <span class="POPULATED_PLACE">Regina</span>, thank you.</sentence></p></dialogue>
<dialogue class="Answer"><p><sentence id="1158">A: You're welcome.</sentence><sentence id="1159">TECHNICAL CONVERSATION</sentence></p></dialogue>
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