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If you have two different domain names with SSL certificates hosted on one server with one IP address then you will get a warning on the client. Warning is like this: SSL certificate is issued to another domain name. It means that it is not possible to have multiple https virtual hosts on apache web server using one IP address. If you setup Apache’s VirtualHosts on port 443 on one IP you will get this warning while starting Apache: [warn] _default_ VirtualHost overlap on port 443, the first has precedence You can add this line: This works for multiple domains on one IP on port 80: (in case of warning [warn] _default_ VirtualHost overlap on port 80, the first has precedence): ! BUT in case of port 443 this is not a solution. A client’s browser will still show a warning. The solution is to get additional IP addresses. One web server can be assigned multiple IP addresses. Find an example how to configure VirtualHosts in Apache to have two domains with SSL below. Some theory about SSL and connection with web server HTTPS establishes an SSL connection with the server prior to any HTTP conversation. Since SSL requires a certificate which is linked to the server host name, and the virtual host name hasn’t been transmitted by the client yet, there’s no way short of ESP for the server to tell which SSL certificate to use. But this isn’t an apache server failing so much as a general issue with HTTP/SSL. Virtual hosts with SSL on Apache web server This example shows two domains with both 80 and 443 port that will work for http and https.

by Robin Allen Ever wonder what the phrase “extending the olive branch” means? It is an offer of peace and extends back to biblical times, the ancient Romans and Greek mythology. A dove brought back an olive branch to Noah to signal the flood had ended. In ancient Rome the defeated used to hold up an olive branch for peace. In Greek mythology, Athens is named after the Goddess Athena who brought the olive to the Greeks as a gift after she won a contest with Poseidon, god of the sea. This gift proved useful for light, heat, food, medicine, and perfume. Indeed olive trees are one of the oldest cultivated trees in the world. Originating in North Africa it spread to the Mediterranean, especially to early Greece. The Greeks exported the olive trees to Italy around 1000 B.C. As the Roman Empire spread so did the olive trees. The Romans were the first to document the growth and production of olive trees and olive oil. The first olive tree can be traced back over 5000 – 6000 years. The greatest use for olive oil at the time was for lamp oil which made it a very valuable trading commodity. Other uses include anointing rulers, religious purposes, offerings to gods, skin and hair health, and athletes rubbed olive oil on their skin then scraped it off to clean themselves. Olive trees proved to be long-lived and drought resistant. Today we still value the olive for its oil, especially extra virgin olive oil (EVOO). I recently had the pleasure of participating in a tour of Puglia which is the Eastern boot portion of Italy. There we immersed ourselves in the Mediterranean Diet, a key component of which is EVOO! One of our stops was to 2 olive farms to understand and participate in the harvest and production of olive oil. The olive farm we visited had dated back 3000 years and was planted in the ancient Roman tradition with trees set far apart. Since this was harvest time tarps were laid underneath to catch the fallen olives so they did not hit the ground. Harvesting was done with a rake like device which shook the olives from the trees. The best quality olive oils are made with the youngest, greenest olive. The quality of the oil goes down as the olive ripens. So have you ever tasted a fresh olive from the tree? If you like the tasted of chewed up aspirin that the best I can compare it to. It was harsh and bitter however makes the best EVOO with the most antioxidants and flavor. What else did I learn? Well, I have been consuming not very good olive oil. In a study by UC Davis, 2010, of the five top-selling “extra virgin” olive oils, 73% failed International Olive Council (IOC) and USDA sensory standards. The chemical testing indicated that the samples failed extra virgin standards for reasons that include one or more of the following: - Oxidation by exposure to elevated temperatures, light, and/or aging; - Adulteration with cheaper refined olive oil; - Poor quality oil made from damaged and overripe olives, processing flaws, and/or improper oil storage. So what is high-quality olive oil? Extra virgin olive oil should be: - Fruity, pleasant flavors of ripe or green olive - Bitter, will have a pleasant acrid sensation on your tongue - Pungent, peppery sensation in your mouth or throat. Signs of a poor quality olive oil: - Rancid! Olive oil is best when fresh and used within 1-2 years of harvest. Do not hoard or save it. Use it! Store in a cool dark place. Pepperiness and bitterness is a good sign. Greener robust olive oils keep longer than oils made from riper olives. - Fusty! This is caused by fermentation and absence of oxygen. This occurs before the milling process if olives are left to sit in bags or piles. For many, the “fusty” odor is the norm and can smell like vinegar, sweaty socks, and brown mushy Kalamata olives. - Winey or vinegary, started the fermentation process. So how is a shopper to know? - If at all possible taste before you buy. - Buy from a local grower. - Look for dates on the olive oil bottles. EVOO does not last longer than 2 years from harvest to consumption. Most experts prefer EVOO to be used within a year after harvest. - Olive oil should be kept in dark bottles or tins to prevent oxidation. What are the different types of olive oil? There are over 100 different varieties of olive oils with their own taste. Extra Virgin Olive Oil (EVOO) The gold standard! EVOO is an unrefined oil which is not treated with chemicals or heat. It has a higher level of oleic acid and a golden-green color with a distinctive flavor and peppery finish and also has the highest level of antioxidants. EVOO is unique from other oils because it is extracted using a cold press technique without solvents or heat so the chemical structure of the oil is not altered or compromised. This results in an oil which is higher in antioxidants or phenolics. These phenolic compounds are associated with increased LDL oxidation, decreased platelet aggregation, improved endothelial function, and lower blood pressure as well as many other benefits. Virgin Olive Oil, next quality, also unrefined but has a slightly lower level of oleic acid and less intense flavor. It is from riper or poorer quality grapes. Refined Olive oil or Pure Olive oil involves chemical treatment and may contain other oils. It is a blend of virgin olive oil and refined olive oils. It usually has a lighter color and can be treated as an all-purpose oil. Light Olive oil is a refined olive oil. It is lighter in flavor, not calories. Pomace Olive Oil is produced by high heat and chemical solvents and has a high smoke point for cooking. It is extracted from the pomace with is the solid substance that remains after the virgin olive oil has been extracted. Lampante Oil is virgin olive oil not fit for human consumption. It is a poor quality oil and is used for industrial purposes. All olive oils are a monosaturated fat which has been shown to benefit heart health. All alive oils can be used for cooking. EVOO is best used for dipping and dressings but is used throughout Italy for all baking and cooking needs. However, the antioxidants and their benefits are what has separated EVOO as an even more beneficial oil and is characteristic of the Mediterranean Diet. If you want to learn more about olive oils please see the following references. High-quality EVOO has become like wine tasting and chefs are starting to pair different types of olive oils with different foods. What olive oil do you use? Check out the quality and see if you are using the best for your health. Report Evaluation of Extra-Virgin Olive Oil Sold in California (Accessed 11/17) The Olive in the Ancient Mediterranean (Accessed 11/17) It’s Extra Virgin Olive Oil Day – Is Your EVOO Real or Fake? (Accessed 11/17) Olive oil: more than just oleic acid (Accessed 11/17) The Olive Oil Sources (Accessed 11/17) Extra virgin olive oil and oleic acid (Accessed 11/17)

Septic tank systems are not exactly a modern invention. In fact, septic systems have been around for over 150 years. Let’s take a look at the history of septic systems. The French Connection The first septic tank system was invented in France by a man named John Mouras in 1860. The first prototype featured a concrete tank and clay piping which brought wastewater from Mouras’ home into the tank located in the yard. When the system showed signs of working, he checked it yearly and was surprised to find that it contained barely any solid particles. After ten years, he felt confident to bring his invention to the United States. Once the septic process gained popularity in the US, it quickly became known that without proper handling, septic tanks could cause damage to the surrounding environment, and even be potentially toxic to the people living in the home. Regulations began almost immediately. These regulations have been updated over the years as more research and information has become available. Presently septic tank systems are completely safe for people, animals, and the surrounding environment when proper precautions are in place. Septic Tank Systems Today Most septic systems today are made of plastic, fiberglass or concrete and feature components like risers, filters, and alarms, all designed to make septic systems a safe alternative to using your city’s sewage system. Statewide regulations across the country make it almost impossible to purchase a property with an unsafe septic system. The best way to make sure your septic system continues to work efficiently and safely is to have it pumped regularly by a reputable pumping company. Have questions about your septic tank? Call the experts at Affordable Pumping Services. We can get you on a regular pumping schedule today!

Tyres can become damaged for a variety of reasons, and it can happen without the driver being immediately aware there's a problem. The most common types of damage are punctures, cuts, impacts, cracks, bulges and irregular wear. In this section, we'll explain the signs and symptoms to help you diagnose the issue, plus some useful tips on how to prevent them. There are several types of irregular wear, the most typical variations being heel and toe wear, one-sided wear, and centre wear. Here we explain how and why they occur. Heel and toe wear is a pattern caused by normal usage and suspension settings. It's the outwardly visible (and audible) manifestation of various distortional forces at work on the tread. To explain further, let's dive a little deeper into the design of the tread. Tread grooves and sipes are essential in ensuring safety on wet and flooded roads. With low-profile tyres in particular, a higher percentage of tread void is necessary to displace the water and to improve protection against aquaplaning. Cross-grooves for water drainage take the form of freestanding blocks in the shoulder area. These shoulder blocks can wear into a heel and toe pattern as a result of a rolling movement under certain operating conditions. These operating conditions include: As the tyre rolls along the road, the freestanding blocks deform as they get closer to the contact patch of the tyre, and they compress as they touch the tarmac. However, after they lose road contact the blocks snap back into their original shape, rubbing the surface of the road as they do so. The result is wear on the block run-out edge and is more likely to appear on non-driven wheels. A minor amount of heel and toe wear is reasonable and has no discernible effect on driving comfort. But if the wear is more extensive, more specific issues could be to blame, including improper inflation, excessive toe-in and low-wear applications. You will find this wear pattern on the driven wheels of high-power cars. High torque levels generated during strong acceleration, in stop-start urban traffic or when accelerating away from traffic lights can quickly increase wear of the tread in the centre of the tyre. Even today’s mid-range vehicles have modern engines that can generate high levels of torque and are capable of producing high degrees of slip. The biggest cause of one-sided wear is incorrect axle geometry. Deviations from the standard specification can develop over time and are the result of - for example - mounting a kerb. Lowering the height of a vehicle in conjunction with low-profile tyres can also negatively affect wheel alignment. Whilst driving, modified suspension arms tend to cause the alignment of the wheels to deviate from the specified position. The problem can catch drivers unaware, because wheel alignment values can still be found to be within tolerance limits when measured in a static position on an axle measurement bench. But the manufacturer’s alignment data applies to vehicles as delivered and may not necessarily apply to customised cars. Thus, the result may be an increase in non-uniform tread wear. If a vehicle’s wheels are misaligned, a qualified specialist can correct the deviation by realigning them. An impact break is damage inflicted on the carcass (the casing of the tyre) after the tyre comes into contact with certain obstacles. A pronounced external bulge on the sidewall of the tyre indicates indicates that cords have been destroyed within the carcass. Damage of this kind is usually caused by driving over objects – like kerbs or speed bumps – at excessive speed or at the wrong angle, overstressing the carcass and causing individual cords to break. The extent of the damage will depend on the speed and angle of impact, and the size of the obstacle. Careful motorists are usually able to avoid this type of damage, unless an obstacle suddenly appears in front of them and they can’t steer around it. Ignoring such damage increases the risk of tyre failure at some point in the future, either delamination of the tread and plies or disintegration of the tyre sidewall. An impact break is sometimes confused with a sidewall indentation, but they are not the same thing. As we explain below, dimples or indentations in the sidewall are not a cause for alarm. A tyre sidewall is not always perfectly even; sometimes there will be dimples and indentations that may require a more detailed inspection to determine their cause. The essential thing to know is that indentations are harmless and aren’t detrimental to either driving or safety characteristics. The dimples are superficial. Indentations in the tyre are best illustrated if you imagine tying a string around an inflated balloon and then gently pulling the string tighter. If the balloon is the tyre, the string is the embedded carcass cords, which are concealed by the rubber. These cords provide the tyre with its strength and stability, and transfer steering and braking forces while driving. During manufacture of a tyre – or rather when constructing the carcass, to which the steel belt and the tread are attached – there are often one or two overlaps in the carcass. It’s this overlap that is sometimes visible as an indentation after the tyre is fitted and inflated. But if you’re in any doubt, have the sidewall indentations checked by a qualified tyre specialist. Cuts are the result of external influences like bad road conditions, protruding bodywork parts or sharp, foreign objects such as stones or glass. If you discover damage in the form of a cut on the tyre surface, you should visit your local tyre retailer and have your tyres immediately checked by a expert. Punctures are the consequence of sharp objects on the road – for example - nails, screws or broken glass – that pierce through the surface of the tyre. If the puncture is deep enough, the tyre could begin to lose air pressure. If you find that one or more of your tyres are continuously losing pressure, or if you discover a nail or screw embedded in the tread, then visit your local tyre specialist as soon as possible to have them repaired. In order to prevent damages ensure to change the position of the tyres on your car at regular intervals (unless otherwise recommended by the vehicle manufacturer) to promote even tyre wear. The position of the tyres should be rotated - for example - when making the seasonal transition between summer and winter tyres. By swapping the wheels from the driven to the non-driven axle on a regular basis, drivers can expect to have a uniform pattern of wear on all tyres. But as always, please observe the recommendations provided by the vehicle manufacturer. If you find yourself in a situation where you have to drive over an obstacle in the road, approach it slowly and as close to perpendicular as possible. Afterwards, check your tyres for exterior damage such as cuts, cracks or bulges. Also, avoid driving aggressively on unpaved roads.

On a June day in 1917, Hollerith tabulating machines made by the Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company, later to become known as IBM, arrived at a port in Rio de Janeiro. A Brazilian businessman named Valentim Fernandes Bouças had personally arranged the sale of the machines, the first of their kind in the country, after traveling to New York to urge Thomas J. Watson Sr. to expand his business to Brazil. The enterprising Bouças would go on to run IBM’s first Brazil branch office and then its Brazil subsidiary. After a revolution in 1930 threatened the company’s presence in the country, he would even manage to persuade the new regime to continue using IBM products. His offer: IBM would provide the machines free of charge until they proved their value. The pitch worked. IBM’s early years in Brazil are emblematic of the company’s long-standing approach to doing business around the world: Be ambitious. Arrive early. Employ locals as managers. And don’t give up when conditions get tough. Even during his earliest days at C-T-R — first as general manager, then as president — Watson espoused global aspirations. He pushed the business to grow beyond operations in the US, Canada, Germany and Britain to several countries across Europe and South America. He also changed the name of the company to International Business Machines to reflect his global vision. By the late 1930s, the company owned and operated factories in 10 cities and six countries. By the late 1940s, IBM’s reach extended to 78 countries and territories. In 1949, Watson established the IBM World Trade Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary with headquarters near the United Nations in New York City, and installed his second son, Arthur K. Watson, as an executive. (Later, he would become president.) Until that point, IBM’s international branches had run as separate ventures. Watson believed an organization focused exclusively on international development would help disparate operations run more smoothly and efficiently and also provide the company additional security in the decades to come. “The United States has 6% of the world’s population, and the rest of the world has 94%,” he said. “Someday the World Trade company is going to be larger than the US company.” It was an unlikely time for bold business decisions. Much of the world was reeling in the aftermath of World War II. But Watson’s gamble soon paid off, establishing IBM as one of the first truly multinational corporations with a focus on promoting non-Americans to important executive positions. “I do not believe we will be permanently welcome anywhere unless national employees of our companies — be they British, Japanese or American — can look forward to careers that will take them anywhere and as far and fast as their talents permit,” explained Arthur Watson in a 1974 THINK magazine interview. “This kind of policy is simple justice — and good sense. It is also the only way to develop a real-world constituency for international cooperation.” From the beginning of his tenure, Arthur Watson thrived in his role to diversify the company and its revenue, pushing international sales from USD 50 million a year in 1949 to more than USD 2.5 billion in 1970, when he stepped down. By 1975, revenue from foreign sales had overtaken those from the US operations. In recent decades, IBM’s international presence has become even more robust. The World Trade Corporation concept gave way to a more encompassing, international approach, and in 2005 the company declared itself a globally integrated enterprise. Organized around the principle that IBM should perform work where the jobs could be done best, the concept became a reality with the launch of service delivery centers around the world. Now, IBM operates in more than 170 countries and territories and boasts a thriving global workforce. IBM has more employees in India than in the United States and operates a network of 12 research labs on six continents that feature the designs of internationally acclaimed architects, including Marcel Breuer, Eero Saarinen and Ludwig Mies van der Rohe. IBM’s global footprint has not only bolstered the company’s success; it has also fostered a sense of global citizenship and led to the development of innovative technological systems to handle localized issues. In 2007, for example, IBM launched its Global Citizens Portfolio to empower employees to help grow businesses and buoy government services in developing countries. The company also created Smarter Cities command centers to help Rio de Janeiro and other Brazilian metropolises handle a crush of visitors for the 2014 World Cup and the 2016 Olympic Games. The systems were designed to integrate real-time data from urban systems, such as civil defense, transportation and meteorology, to build a sustainable operations infrastructure and create the most seamless experience possible for locals and tourists alike. From the beginning, Watson’s vision for IBM was not merely to become a multinational corporation, but rather, to create an international hub of ideas — one that would foster world peace through world trade, as he would often say. That conceit continues to endure and serve as the guiding light that IBM follows to this day. IBM’s core values, philosophies and culture date back to the merger of three companies at the turn of the 20th century IBM is a company built not on products and services, but rather on ideas and values An ad hoc lecture from IBM’s future CEO spawned a slogan to guide the company

Earthquakes: poorly designed and constructed buildings 23 May 2016 Most deaths in earthquakes are due to poorly designed and constructed buildings, as Robin Cross explains The devastating earthquakes that struck Nepal in April and May 2015 killed nearly 9,000 people and caused extensive damage across the country. A year later, the country still faces an enormous reconstruction challenge. The earthquakes significantly damaged 750,000 homes, while 28,572 classrooms in public and private schools were totally destroyed or damaged beyond use. For years, the international community knew that another big earthquake was due in Nepal. The disaster is that we did not prepare sufficiently. In a world of increased urban densification, rapidly expanding informal settlements and development that outstrips a government’s ability to enforce standards, it is poorly designed and constructed buildings rather than earthquakes that are the real threat. Figure 1: Aftermath of the Nepal earthquakes Around three quarters of all deaths in earthquakes are due to building collapse. Low-cost and informal temporary buildings are most likely to fail, meaning that earthquakes disproportionately affect the poorest in the community, and usually leave them even poorer. The technology and skills to almost eliminate this scale of fatality are available, yet they are not reaching the people who need them most. Earthquakes are not just a natural crisis: they reflect a poverty crisis. Where buildings are the problem, builders and designers are the solution. We need to help countries build back better, using our knowledge to make the built environment safer. If we do not, the rebuilding will be done in an ad hoc manner, without safe design and construction, and the community will be locked into a cycle of vulnerability that exposes them to the next earthquake. Knowledge about resilient reconstruction is not lacking in Nepal. It experiences several small to medium-intensity earthquakes a year, it has a National Society for Earthquake Technology, and has created a set of building safety standards. But disaster funding remains reactive, with the majority of spending going towards short-term responses. In 29 years, the Global Facility for Disaster Risk and Recovery (GFDRR) allocated only 2% of total development assistance to disaster-related activities. Of this, only 3.6% was for disaster prevention and preparedness. We have the technology and skills to make a difference between thousands of deaths and no deaths, but lessons are not being disseminated far enough. International cooperation needs to focus on preventing disasters proactively. We have the technology and skills to make a difference between thousands of deaths and no deaths, but lessons are not being disseminated far enough. Physical resilience must be permanently embedded throughout all development, not just in the months or years after an earthquake. It is not a question of whether another earthquake will strike, but rather when. Only comprehensive strategies will be able to prevent another disaster. Building projects development charity Article 25 is currently working with local partners in Nepal to improve the quality and seismic resistance of a major hospital. In this work, the charity is applying skills and experience in building safely in hostile environments that it has developed during the last decade. In the aftermath of the 2005 earthquake in Pakistan, Article 25 delivered hundreds of earthquake-resistant homes, bringing the construction industry’s valuable skills to work for the poorest in the country who would never otherwise engage an architect or engineer. Article 25 is also in Haiti for the long haul, delivering schools and community buildings that will not collapse when the next earthquake comes. All of this is only possible through the support of the UK’s private-sector construction industry, without whom Article 25 would not exist. The devastating earthquakes last year won’t be the last to hit Nepal, and many experts think they are forerunners of a bigger earthquake yet to come. We should take this as a warning. It is a call to arms for the construction industry to flex its moral muscles and use its skills where they can save lives. Robin Cross is Managing Director at Article 25 - Image © Article 25 - This article is taken from the RICS Building control journal (April/May 2016)

Nutrition in burns A very effective factor in accelerating the healing process in burn patients is proper nutrition. That is, if the nutrition of the burned patient can be controlled, the healing process of the wound can be accelerated and the patient’s treatment costs can be reduced. An important consideration for burn patients or their families is how they can speed up the wound healing process. In this case, we recommend using zinc or mineral zinc, which has a significant effect on wound healing. The most important sources of zinc are raw nuts such as pistachios, walnuts, almonds and hazelnuts or meats such as red meat, chicken and fish. Our preference is to use whole foods through oral feeding, but if the patient is unable to feed orally, the nutritionist should prescribe zinc supplements in a specific dose. Energy requirements in burn patients The amount of energy required in burn patients is determined by several factors such as basal metabolic rate, body burn percentage, respiratory support, infection, sepsis, multiple organ dysfunction, etc. The energy received by burn patients can be different. Some studies recommend a diet containing at least 50% of calories from carbohydrates, 25% from protein and 15% from fat. Burn patients are particularly sensitive to lipids, and this sensitivity has been shown to adversely affect hospitalization and duration of infection. Because of this apparent sensitivity, it is recommended that burn patients control the amount of non-nutritive lipids, including the pain reliever propofol, which ranges from 15 to 30 g/day in adults. Determining the effect of dietary macronutrients on burn injury Further studies are needed to determine the effect of dietary macronutrients on burn injury, to understand the precise role of macronutrients in the treatment of acute burn and trauma patients, but in general, a high-carbohydrate diet is recommended. In the treatment of burn patients, low protein and fat are used. Carbohydrates are the main source of energy in food. Glucose, the main metabolic fuel in all cellular components, is a wound healer and the best non-protein energy source for heat-injured patients. In fact, carbohydrates are great for maintaining protein. Certain tissues such as burned tissue, nervous tissue and blood elements inevitably consume glucose. Keep in mind that excessive diet and high blood sugar can have a negative effect on burn treatment. A high carbohydrate, moderate protein and low fat diet is generally recommended in the treatment of burn patients. Increase in blood sugar due to carbohydrate consumption Elevated blood sugar levels can disrupt blood flow to the wound and thus reduce the amount of oxygen and micronutrients needed for wound healing. In addition, hypoglycemia-induced immunosuppression is associated with poor healing of burn wounds. Chemotaxis and phagocytosis are essential processes for wound healing, both of which are impaired by hyperglycemia. As a result, to achieve the most suitable conditions for burn healing, it is necessary to maintain blood sugar levels at normal levels. Therefore, proteins and lipids as well as carbohydrates should supplement the energy needs of burn patients. When we see a burn patient, we measure the level of albumin, which is the main protein in the blood. If the patient’s blood albumin level is low, he should be given a protein source. It is better to know that burn patients lose a lot of water and protein tissue (in the burned area) depending on the level and degree of the burn. Therefore, it is very important to maintain the protein level in the patient’s body at an appropriate level to improve the patient’s condition. Depending on the condition of the patient and whether he can have oral nutrition or not, we take a prescription for him. If the patient can chew solid food, the first and best choice for him in terms of high-quality protein is whey protein, which is abundant in whey. Egg whites, red meat, chicken and fish are recommended options for burn patients. After him, soy protein is on the next level. The difference between animal protein and vegetable protein in the treatment of burns Animal protein is more effective in treating burns than vegetable protein. Because glycogen, as the primary source of energy in stress conditions, only provides the need for less than one day. Skeletal muscle protein is considered an important source of energy. Along with increased metabolism, protein is also lost during burning, which is characterized by increased urea production. Nutritional support with supplemental nutrients, either orally, through tube or intravenous feeding, can reduce nitrogen loss. Losing 30% of the body’s protein leads to a decrease in muscle strength, which leads to impaired respiratory function, the immune system, and ultimately death. Several diseases increase the rate of protein metabolism, one of the worst of which is inflammation. Recent evidence supports the use of a protein diet in burn patients, and it has been suggested that 20–25% of total calories come from high biological value (HBV) protein. 2 grams of protein per kilogram of body weight is recommended for burn patients. Burnt children’s protein needs Burned children’s protein needs are usually higher than the RDA, and 2.5 to 3 grams per kilogram of body weight is recommended during treatment. Of course, any intake of protein supplements in burn patients leads to an increase in urea production without improving or building muscle protein. In burns, the use of certain amino acids can have a pharmacological effect in improving the patient’s condition. Compared to starvation conditions, in which the body prevents the body from breaking down fat and producing sufficient energy by breaking down fat and producing ketone bodies, the body’s ability to use fat as an energy source during combustion is significantly reduced. is reduced The diet of burn patients is a low-fat diet, but the composition of consumed vegetables is more important than their quantity. According to available reports, adding fish oil to the diet of burn patients improves their immune system function. When it comes to synthetic oils and MCTs, they can increase liver protein synthesis and decrease protein and energy metabolism. Elevated blood sugar levels can disrupt blood flow to the wound, thereby reducing the amount of oxygen and target elements necessary for wound healing. Glutamine is an important nutrient for many cells, especially intestinal cells and white blood cells, because glutamine is used as an energy source. Recent studies have shown that the use of glutamine in the diet of burn patients shortens the healing period and heals the wound. However, at present, it is difficult to recommend a specific dose and exact course or duration of glutamine administration in burn patients. Arginine is considered a conditional amino acid when burned. Arginine has important properties: strengthening the immune system, reducing the vulnerability of wounds, increasing the production of collagen, growth hormone (the role of dilating blood vessels), etc. (the permissible dose of arginine is 3 grams per day). Vitamin C is a water-soluble vitamin that plays a role in collagen synthesis and immune system function. Collagen is the main fibrous tissue protein of connective tissue and skin. During burns, people’s need for vitamin C increases, so children under 3 years old with 10% burns need 500 mg of vitamin C per day in the form of 250 mg twice a day. But adults and children over 3 years of age with burns greater than 20% need 1000 mg of vitamin C per day or 500 mg of vitamin C twice a day. At low doses, the bioavailability of vitamin C is almost complete (89% for every 15 mg of vitamin C), but at high doses, e.g. 1250 mg, reaches below 50%. Therefore, it is recommended to give vitamin C in divided doses. Consuming more than one gram of vitamin C per day can also cause the formation of oxalate stones.

Developing sustainable transport corridors will increase competitiveness and contribute to a sustainable Europe. These transportation passages and projects are called Green Corridors. The Swedish government assignment Green Corridors was formed in 2010. It is jointly run by Trafikverket (the Swedish Transport Administration), Sjöfartsverket (the Swedish Maritime Administration) and VINNOVA (the Swedish Governmental Agency for Innovation Systems). The idea behind the Swedish work is: - to demonstrate efficient transport solutions - support research and innovation to further strengthen the Green Corridors, in terms of infrastructure, technology, business models and institutional issues - to promote the development of Green Corridors in EU transport policy and - to establish international partnerships that can lead to Green Corridors to and from the Nordic region. European Initiatives and Collaboration International partnerships are needed for a successful development of sustainable transport corridors to and from the Nordic region.The Green Corridors origins from a European Commission initiative aiming at developing a "greener" transport policy, that satisfies the climate challenge while increasing European competitiveness. Collaboration with European Initiatives and Projects In order to implement the transnational efforts better, we are working in close collaboration with several European initiatives, among these the Super Green research consortium, TransBaltic, Scandria and EastWest Transport Corridor II to mention a few. These initiatives address different angles of the Green Corridor Concept and the goal with the collaboration is to share common knowledge and findings between the projects. Modes of Transport Collaborate in Green Corridors The government assignment for Green Corridors has several tasks: to increase co-operation between the various transport means and to stimulate an optimal utilisation of each transport mode. The flows of goods to and from the Nordic region are using all modes of transportation – water, air, rail and road – either separately or in combination. The ambition is to address transports from a holistic view and make them sustainable from all perspectives: economically, environmentally and socially. This work is carried out in steps such as supporting innovation, ensuring that the results reaches those who can benefit from them and develop them further, to influence the decision makers and to move development forwards. Developments in the Baltic region are monitored and encouraged through participation in the EU Baltic Strategy, as well as collaboration with other Green Corridor related projects both national and international.

All-Ukrainian military congresses All-Ukrainian military congresses (Vseukrainski Viiskovi zizdy). The First All-Ukrainian Military Congress was held on 18–21 May 1917 in Kyiv. Over 700 delegates represented about 1.5 million Ukrainian soldiers from almost all units of the Russian army and navy. The congress was chaired by Symon Petliura, Mykola Mikhnovsky, Volodymyr Vynnychenko, and Yurii Kapkan. It recognized the Ukrainian Central Rada as ‘the only competent body empowered to decide all matters relating to all of Ukraine.’ The congress overwhelmingly supported the decisions of the All-Ukrainian National Congress (17–21 April 1917) and demanded that Ukraine's national and territorial autonomy be recognized immediately and that Ukrainian military units of the Russian army and navy be separated and Ukrainianized. To direct the Ukrainian military movement, the congress created the Ukrainian General Military Committee, headed by Petliura. The Second All-Ukrainian Military Congress was held on 18–23 June 1917 in Kyiv. Over 2,500 delegates representing 1.7 million soldiers attended the congress, despite the fact that it was banned by the Russian Provisional Government's minister of war, Aleksandr Kerensky. The congress declared this ban to be illegal. While supporting the Central Rada, which was struggling with the Provisional Government for its rights, the congress instructed the Rada ‘to begin at once a determined organization of the country’ without consulting the Russian government, and ‘to actually establish the foundations of an autonomous order.’ The second congress elected the All-Ukrainian Council of Military Deputies, consisting of 132 members, which became part of the Central Rada, and ordered the Ukrainian General Military Committee to prepare, among other measures for Ukrainianizing the armed forces, a plan for organizing the Free Cossacks. The First of the Universals of the Central Rada was read to the congress. The Third All-Ukrainian Military Congress was held on 2–12 November 1917 in Kyiv. About 3,000 delegates (1,100 at its opening) attended. This was a period of very strained relations with Russian circles. Because the command of the Kyiv military district wanted to turn Ukraine into a stronghold of the Russian Provisional Government against the Bolsheviks and the Central Rada as well, the congress interrupted its sittings for a few days to form the first Ukrainian Regiment For the Defense of the Revolution (commander: Col Yurii Kapkan). The congress demanded ‘from its highest revolutionary body—the Central Rada—the immediate proclamation of the Ukrainian Democratic Republic on Ukrainian ethnic territories,’ the strengthening of Ukrainian statehood, including the full Ukrainianization of the army and navy, and an immediate peace treaty. The resolutions of the third congress had a strong influence on the proclamation of the Ukrainian National Republic in the Third of the Universals of the Central Rada. The congress elected a new All-Ukrainian Council of Military Deputies, consisting of 158 members, who also became part of the Central Rada. Visnyk Ukraïns’koho Viis’kovoho Heneral’noho Komitetu, nos 5–6 (Kyiv 1917) Khrystiuk, P. Zamitky i materiialy do istoriï ukraïns’koï revoliutsiï 1917–1920 rr., 1–2 (Vienna 1921; repr New York 1969) Doroshenko, D. Istoriia Ukraïny 1917–1923, 1 (Uzhhorod 1930; repr New York 1954) [This article originally appeared in the Encyclopedia of Ukraine, vol. 1 (1984).]

The lottery is a scheme for the distribution of prizes, especially money, by chance. It is usually accompanied by the sale of tickets, with a percentage of the proceeds going to organizers and profits. While the casting of lots to determine fates and decisions has a long history, the use of lotteries for material gain is much more recent. Nevertheless, a lot of people play them and contribute to billions in state revenue every year. There are many reasons why people play the lottery. Some do it just for fun while others believe that winning the lottery is their only chance to get a better life. However, it is important to understand that the odds of winning a lottery are very low and therefore should not be taken lightly. Moreover, the money won by playing the lottery is not as high as it seems because all players are subjected to a hefty tax rate, which goes towards education and gambling addiction recovery. Some states have decided to reduce or even eliminate lottery taxes, but the majority of the states do still tax lottery winnings. This is an issue because it makes the jackpots seem less substantial and can cause players to spend more on tickets, thus driving up overall ticket sales and causing the chances of winning to decrease. In addition, the regressivity of lottery taxes means that poorer states are subsidizing richer ones through this mechanism. In the United States, there are 39 states that have a lottery, with Florida, Illinois, and New York having the highest numbers of tickets sold. The total value of the prize money in the US is about $70 billion, making it one of the largest sources of revenue in the world. Lotteries are also an important source of funds in Canada, where they raise about $21 billion a year. Although the idea of winning the lottery sounds like a great way to get rich, it is not a wise investment. In fact, it is not only a waste of money but can lead to a series of other problems. Fortunately, there are ways to avoid the dangers of lottery playing. Using the lottery as a tool for raising money is not new, as it was used in colonial America to finance public works projects such as roads, canals, wharves, and churches. It was also used by George Washington to raise money for his expedition against the French in 1768. However, despite the popularity of the lottery, it is not an effective way to raise money. Instead, people should work hard to make money and invest it in a way that will provide them with long-term financial security. The Bible warns us against getting rich through dishonest means and teaches that hardworking hands will bring prosperity (Proverbs 23:5). Those who do not work will not eat (Proverbs 14:26). By playing the lottery, they risk losing their wealth and can end up in poverty.

When some people stand up from sitting or lying down, they may feel dizzy or even faint because of a sudden drop in blood pressure. That phenomenon, which becomes more common in older adults, is called orthostatic hypotension. Previous research has suggested a link between orthostatic hypotension, or OH, and dementia, though scientists don't understand why. But a new study published Monday in the American Heart Association journal Hypertension refines that connection, concluding that the blood pressure drop in the first minute after standing up is most strongly associated with developing dementia. "What is new in this study is the early drop in blood pressure and the relevance of this to risk of dementia," said Dr. Yuan Ma, an assistant professor of epidemiology at Harvard's T.H. Chan School of Public Health in Boston and lead author of the study. The researchers drew on data collected since the late 1980s in the landmark and ongoing Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study, known as ARIC. During the first visit, participants had their blood pressure checked while lying down, then five times in the first two minutes after standing up. Among 11,644 participants, who were 55 years old on average at the start of the study, about 1 in 5 had developed dementia a median of 26 years later. Compared to those who didn't experience dizziness, participants who felt dizzy upon standing had much larger drops in systolic blood pressure (the top number in a blood pressure measurement) during the first minute after standing up. Those whose systolic blood pressure declined by 20 mmHg or more in the first 30 seconds after standing had a 22% higher risk of dementia compared to those whose blood pressure remained stable. Drops in blood pressure after the first minute had much less impact. "These early drops in blood pressure usually are not checked when patients go to their doctors," Ma said. "This study suggests that doctors need to pay more attention to these early abrupt drops in blood pressure because they could be a sign that someone is at a higher risk of developing dementia." Even so, she cautioned that because of the study's design, "we cannot draw any causal conclusion. We don't know if the early drop in blood pressure leads to dementia, or the other way around." In subsequent research, she said, scientists hope to figure out what is happening in the brain that leads to this rapid drop in blood pressure upon standing. "A healthy individual has a system that can maintain blood pressure relatively stable," Ma said. "The blood pressure will still drop when we change our position from lying down to standing up, but it shouldn't be a large, rapid drop. We don't know exactly why a large, rapid drop happens, but it's something we're working to understand. It increases with age, and that's a bad thing." Dr. Costantino Iadecola, a neurologist and director of the Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute at Weill Cornell Medicine in New York City, said the study underscores the need for health care professionals to check for orthostatic hypotension in their patients. "This is a refinement of what has been established previously," said Iadecola, who was not involved in the new study. "If the patient says, 'Look, I feel a little dizzy,' the doctor should check the changes in blood pressure produced by standing. If there is a severe drop within one minute of standing, that should be an alarm bell that we've got to take care of this and maybe do some treatment that will minimize the change." For older people already with cognitive deficiency or balance issues, both doctors said orthostatic hypotension adds to the risk of falls, broken bones and death. "People should be mindful of their surroundings and their environment," Ma said. To help prevent falls, the National Institute on Aging suggests strategies such as doing strength and balance exercises, installing night lights around the house and grab bars in the bathroom, and using a cane or walker if necessary. For people with orthostatic hypotension, a 2022 scientific statement from the AHA offers suggestions such as wearing compression stockings, pumping the legs when standing, and working with their doctor to adjust any medications they take that are causing or worsening the condition. Ma said changes in the brain that can develop into Alzheimer's disease or other types of dementia can take place years before any symptoms appear. That makes it even more important, she said, to minimize cardiovascular risk factors throughout life. Those include not smoking, staying physically active, maintaining a healthy weight and a healthy diet, getting enough sleep, and keeping blood sugar, cholesterol and blood pressure under control. "Controlling the factors of cardiovascular disease at least potentially reduces the risk of Alzheimer's disease and dementia as well," Ma said. "The benefits are likely to be larger if you start early in life. "What's good for the heart," she said, "is good for the brain."

Researchers from the University of Southern Denmark have discovered that microdoses of psilocybin, the main psychoactive agent in mushrooms, may be able to alleviate anhedonia. The study used a mouse study to discover that regular small doses of the psychedelic may offer therapeutic benefits against stress-induced anhedonia, a condition that strips individuals of their ability to feel pleasure, and compulsive behavior. Furthermore, psilocybin exhibited therapeutic effectiveness in mice with anhedonia and compulsive behaviors without inducing side effects such as schizophrenia-like symptoms and anxiety. The University of Southern Denmark University team published its findings in the “Molecular Psychiatry” journal. Most of the past studies involving psilocybin typically measure the effect of high psilocybin doses and traditional talk therapy against conditions such as addiction and depression. This type of psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy has exhibited significant effectiveness in prior studies, but scientists still haven’t researched the potential effects of psychedelic microdosing in great detail. Microdosing refers to the use of smaller doses. It has gained popularity in culturally significant places, including Silicon Valley, where an increased number of high-power professionals have reported microdosing various psychedelics to improve their mental clarity. Since microdosing involves taking doses that aren’t large enough to trigger a psychedelic experience, it allows individuals to potentially enjoy some of the benefits of psychedelics without being intoxicated. University of Southern Denmark Department of Clinical Research associate professor and study author Mikael Palner says he was especially interested in how psychedelic drugs interact with the serotonergic system. His master’s thesis focused on developing radiotracers for positron emission tomography (PET) scans of 5-HT2A receptors, and Palner’s attention turned to microdosing during his time as a Stanford University postdoc from 2012 to 2015. Palmer and his colleague Martin Korsbak Madsen first carried out a human study analyzing psilocybin bound to the 5-HT2A serotonin receptor and how this binding impacted the psychedelic experience. Their findings paved the way for the recent animal study with new and more scientific means of defining microdoses, Palner says. The research team used 78 Long Evans rats and housed them under several different controlled conditions. After establishing what constituted a “microdose” the researchers provided the mice with psilocybin microdoses every other day for 24 days. Throughout the study, they measured several metrics including compulsive actions, reaction to stress and anxiety levels. The scientists found that regular psilocybin microdosing was associated with increased resistance to stress-induced anhedonia, a condition that regularly affects people with depression. The research team also found that regular psilocybin microdoses did not result in behavioral desensitization, meaning potential treatments could be consistently effective when used long-term. This safety for long-term use is a major plus for psychedelic treatments. Companies such as Seelos Therapeutics Inc. (NASDAQ: SEEL) are looking to commercialize hallucinogenic formulations as an answer to the various concerns people have about the side effects of many of existing mental-health treatments. PsychedelicNewsWire (“PNW”) is a specialized communications platform with a focus on all aspects of psychedelics and the latest developments and advances in the psychedelics sector. It is one of 60+ brands within the Dynamic Brand Portfolio @ IBN that delivers: (1) access to a vast network of wire solutions via InvestorWire to efficiently and effectively reach a myriad of target markets, demographics and diverse industries; (2) article and editorial syndication to 5,000+ outlets; (3) enhanced press release enhancement to ensure maximum impact; (4) social media distribution via IBN to millions of social media followers; and (5) a full array of tailored corporate communications solutions. With broad reach and a seasoned team of contributing journalists and writers, PNW is uniquely positioned to best serve private and public companies that want to reach a wide audience of investors, influencers, consumers, journalists and the general public. By cutting through the overload of information in today’s market, PNW brings its clients unparalleled recognition and brand awareness. PNW is where breaking news, insightful content and actionable information converge. To receive SMS alerts from PsychedelicNewsWire, text “Groovy” to 888-902-4192 (U.S. Mobile Phones Only) For more information, please visit https://www.PsychedelicNewsWire.com PsychedelicNewsWire is powered by IBN

Imagine some Silicon Valley software folks without much knowledge of space built a rocket … would you want to hop in for a ride? Would you trust your safety to people who don’t know about atmospheric drag or thermal management? Of course not. Satellite, rocket, and spacecraft design and manufacturing are complex technical engineering challenges and require specialized expertise in areas such as radio frequency (RF) engineering, antenna design—and even rocket science. So why don’t we apply the same concept of specialization to ground systems? Often, satellite, rocket, and other space systems are acquired by the government with ground systems included. In other cases, ground systems work is awarded to defense contractors who have built legacy ground systems for past satellite programs—while software experts with new ideas are relegated to a minor role. Why does this happen? The most costly and complex aspect of the solution is the spacecraft, and so many times, the ground systems are almost an afterthought. Specialty scientists and engineers who understand sensors and spacecraft often write algorithms in MATLAB or a similar programming language, transitioning from there to writing a full-up ground system. Software engineers and architects might participate, but often in a support role only. With this approach, government procurements of satellite systems and their corresponding ground systems are often severely delayed and come in over cost—all due to issues with the ground systems.

Many gardeners and allotmenteers don’t bother growing main crop carrots - they’re cheap to buy and can take up valuable space on the plot, But it is well worth setting some room aside for a small crop of tasty baby carrots to use in salads or perhaps some of the unusual coloured and heritage varieties for a special occasion. Where to Grow Carrots grow best in full sun and light, fertile, well-drained soil. If you are on heavy clay or very sandy ground, you may end up with stunted or forked roots, so try globe or miniature varieties. Before sowing prepare the soil by digging down to a spades depth and clearing weeds and stones. Don’t manure ground that you plan to grow root vegetables in during the following year. Sowing & Planting In well cultivated ground sow thinly in shallow drills allowing 30 cm between rows. Early varieties can be sown under cloches or fleece in March and main crop varieties in the open from April to June. For a quick late crop try sowing in Late July/early August and cover with Fleece tunnel in the Autumn to extend the growing season. Water well during dry weather and weed regularly to reduce competition and allow the roots to grow to their full potential. Harvesting & Storing Start pulling baby or salad carrots as soon as they are big enough to use - normally around June/July) leaving the rest to grow on - pull alternate carrots to thin out the rows (pests are not usually a problem by this time) and give them more room. Late sown varieties will be ready around October. As a general rule main crop carrots will store best in the ground so long as the weather doesn’t become too wet. If you do dig your crop don’t wash them - they store better left with some soil on them - and keep in a cool dark, dry place in something like a paper or hessian sack. Check them over regularly and remove any that are starting to rot. Pests & Diseases Carrot fly is hard to avoid - even if you don’t thin the crop you may need to take precautions against carrot fly which can wipe out the crop. The best solution is to keep the crop covered with fine insect netting for the whole growing season - Carrot Fly stay close to the ground so a micromesh barrier should be sufficient. Growing them alongside onions can help disguise the scent. If you have problems with deformed or split roots it is usually due to growing on over manured soil or stony ground - try growing in a raised bed filled with sieved soil mixed with garden compost to give the carrots a great root run.

Earth Science is a branch of science dealing with the physical constitution of the earth and its atmosphere. There are four basic areas of earth science: geology, meteorology, oceanography and astronomy. An MPhil in Earth Sciences will allow students to develop highly sought after analytical skills and practical skills such as planning, conducting and reporting on investigations, collecting, recording and analysing data. They will also develop the ability to undertake field and laboratory research. Main employment destinations for Earth Science Master’s Degree graduates include: exploration and production for mining, oil and engineering companies; groundwater resources management; investigating ground conditions associated with land use, such as planning, construction and waste disposal; geological surveying, and collecting geological information for maps and databases.

Table of Contents What satellites have explored Saturn? Four spacecraft have visited Saturn; Pioneer 11, Voyager 1 and Voyager 2 made flybys, while Cassini–Huygens entered orbit, and deployed a probe into the atmosphere of Titan. Do we have satellites orbiting Saturn? The number of moons known for each of the four outer planets up to October 2019. Saturn currently has 82 known satellites. Is there a robot on Saturn? The Flagship-class robotic spacecraft comprised both NASA’s Cassini space probe and ESA’s Huygens lander, which landed on Saturn’s largest moon, Titan….Cassini–Huygens. |July 1, 2004, 02:48 UTC How many times has Saturn been visited? Saturn has only been visited 4 times by spacecraft Only 4 spacecraft sent from Earth have ever visited Saturn, and three of these were just brief flybys. The first was Pioneer 11, in 1979, which flew within 20,000 km of Saturn. Next came Voyager 1 in 1980, and then Voyager 2 in 1981. Can humans live on Saturn? While planet Saturn is an unlikely place for living things to take hold, the same is not true of some of its many moons. Satellites like Enceladus and Titan, home to internal oceans, could possibly support life. What are 5 facts about Saturn? Facts about Saturn - Saturn is the most distant planet that can be seen with the naked eye. - Saturn was known to the ancients, including the Babylonians and Far Eastern observers. - Saturn is the flattest planet. - Saturn orbits the Sun once every 29.4 Earth years. - Saturn’s upper atmosphere is divided into bands of clouds. Does Saturn have 82 moons? Saturn has 82 moons. Fifty-three moons are confirmed and named and another 29 moons are awaiting confirmation of discovery and official naming. Saturn’s moons range in size from larger than the planet Mercury — the giant moon Titan — to as small as a sports arena. Can we live on Saturn? Recognized by people of all ages for its magnificent ring system, Saturn is one of the four gas giants of the outer solar system. And, like the other gaseous planets, you technically could not live on Saturn simply because it has no solid surfaces. Can a person live on Saturn? Without a solid surface, Saturn isn’t likely a place we could ever live. But the gas giant does have numerous moons, some of which would make fascinating locations for space colonies, particularly Titan and Enceladus. Why is Saturn so special? Adorned with thousands of beautiful ringlets, Saturn is unique among the planets. It is not the only planet to have rings – made of chunks of ice and rock – but none are as spectacular or as complicated as Saturn’s. Like fellow gas giant Jupiter, Saturn is a massive ball made mostly of hydrogen and helium. Can you walk on Saturn’s rings? Saturn’s rings are almost as wide as the distance between the Earth and the moon, so at first glance, they seem like an easy place to land and explore on foot. But if you were able to hike on one of Saturn’s outermost rings, you’ll walk about 12 million kilometers to make it around the longest one.

Yoga for ADHD in children has proven beneficial, a new study finds. Researchers at Ural Federal University found enhanced attention and reduced hyperactivity. The study involved 16 children aged six to seven. It found that children Kids with ADHD also experienced less fatigue and improved focus. Yoga for ADHD Focuses on Breathing Exercises Children with ADHD often have an underdeveloped “reticular formation,” which is the part of the brain that manages activity regulation. As a result, they tend to exhibit extreme hyperactivity, increased distractibility, and fatigue, which negatively affect their ability to regulate and control their actions. Dr. Sergey Kiselev, the study’s lead researcher, introduced a type of deep breathing called diaphragmatic rhythmic breathing, or belly breathing, to help enhance the brain’s oxygen supply and support the reticular formation in functioning more efficiently. When the reticular formation receives enough oxygen, it can better regulate a child’s activity. Along with breathing exercises, the study integrated body-focused techniques like tension-relaxation exercises. Participants attended training sessions three times a week for two to three months, depending on the specific program. Dr. Kiselev explained that exercise offers both immediate and long-term benefits. The study discovered that the positive impact on regulation and control functions in children with ADHD continued even a year after completing the exercise program. This lasting effect is credited to the internalization of proper breathing techniques, which facilitate better oxygen flow to the brain and ultimately improve the behavior and mental state of a child with ADHD. Body-oriented techniques, like tension-relaxation exercises, were also used. A Neuropsychological Approach Developed by Russian neuropsychologist Anna Semenovich, the technique is part of a neuropsychological correction approach. Positive effects on regulation and control functions persisted even one year after the exercises. The pilot study demonstrated promising results, but further research with more participants is needed. Future studies will consider factors like gender, age, disease severity, and concomitant issues. Could Kirtan Kriya Meditation be Beneficial for ADHD? The practice involves chanting, hand movements, and visualization, which can help improve focus and attention. Research suggests that regular practice of kirtan kriya may support cognitive function and alleviate symptoms of ADHD. Other recent yoga news: - How to Become a Yoga Instructor: Your Step-by-Step Guide Wondering how to become a yoga instructor? We give you valuable insights into certification, training programs, and teaching techniques. - Benefits of chair yoga extend to seniors with dementia, study finds The benefits of chair yoga also apply to socially isolated older adults with dementia. - Does yoga help with anxiety? Yes, new study finds Does yoga help with anxiety? A new study has found that practicing yoga for anxiety seems to work quite well.

Between the lasting effects of the drought, this year's horrific bushfires and the completely unexpected virus pandemic, 2020 has dished its fair share of trauma. It's enough for an adult to cope with, but Charles Sturt University psychologist Associate Professor Gene Hodgins is concerned that the disruptions could spark undue stress in the minds of little people. He told The Daily Advertiser it's important not to neglect to talk about the big issues with children. "The first thing is to be listening to them and not necessarily putting words in their mouths," Professor Hodgins said. "Using open-ended questions, like asking, 'how are you going?' Sometimes they might not be thinking what we think they're thinking about what's going on. It could be something completely different that's concerning them. "We might be thinking they're concerned about the pandemic, but actually it's a problem with their friends at school that really concerns them." Noticing changes in a child's patterns of behaviour can be a big step towards recognising that a problem might be developing. "It depends on the child's age, if you notice your child is acting differently to how they normally act and that change is persisting, they might be more withdrawn, more aggressive, more or less sleepy," Professor Hodgins said. "That's when you're going to want to find out what's going on. If you're really concerned, it might be time to seek some professional help." No matter how young, Professor Hodgins said, a child can pick up the stressors of their surroundings. "There's research around saying even kids in utero can react to stressful events," he said. "Then from the time they are born, they can be sensitive to what's going on around them. "They might not be able to put words to it, but they can sense it. The older they get the more insight they have." When it comes to approaching big topics with little people, Professor Hodgins recommends keeping the conversation brief. "We're all really busy, shorter sharper conversations are probably better than an hour-long deep and meaningful," he said. "Relatively frequent short conversations, that works best for attention spans." Given the pressures confronted by daily life, Professor Hodgins said, it was common for young people to choose an inappropriate time to have a deep conversation. When that happens, he recommends making it clear that the conversation is one worth having, just at another time. "Just before bed, that is common for kids to start having those kinds of hard conversations," he said. "Try to see it from the child's perspective. They haven't got a mature coping mechanism. If they're talking about something important and you can stop the car, or stop making dinner, then do so. "Or say 'I'm really glad you brought this up, can we talk about this after dinner?' You want to say something that says 'I want to hear what you're saying'."

The world stands on the precipice of a digital revolution, one that promises to reshape the way we live, work, and interact with the world around us. This revolution is fueled by the confluence of two transformative forces – 5G, the fifth generation of cellular network technology, and IoT, the Internet of Things. 5G represents a quantum leap forward in wireless technology. It boasts significantly faster data speeds, dramatically reduced latency, and vastly increased capacity compared to its predecessors. Imagine download speeds exceeding 20 gigabits per second, near-instantaneous response times, and the ability to connect millions of devices simultaneously. This is the future that 5G promises, a future where connectivity becomes ubiquitous and seamless. The Internet of Things, on the other hand, refers to the ever-expanding network of physical objects embedded with sensors, software, and other technologies. These objects can collect and exchange data over the internet, ranging from our everyday companions like smartwatches and fitness trackers to industrial machines and environmental sensors. By integrating these devices into a vast network, we gain unprecedented insights into the world around us, unlocking opportunities for optimization, automation, and innovation across diverse sectors. The magic lies in the synergistic relationship between 5G and IoT. 5G's unparalleled speed acts as the backbone, enabling the near-real-time collection and analysis of massive data streams generated by billions of interconnected devices. This data, in turn, fuels the development of intelligent applications and services, paving the way for a future where our physical and digital worlds are seamlessly integrated. This future holds immense promise across various domains: Imagine bustling metropolises where self-driving vehicles navigate traffic-optimized streets, waste management is automated, and energy consumption is dynamically optimized. Connected traffic lights, intelligent parking systems, and real-time pollution monitoring are just a few examples of how 5G and IoT can revolutionize urban life. Industrial processes can be monitored and controlled in real-time, predictive maintenance minimizes downtime, and supply chains are optimized for efficiency. Imagine factories where robots collaborate seamlessly with humans, and production lines adjust automatically based on real-time data insights. Wearables and sensors can monitor patients' health remotely, enabling early detection of illness and personalized treatment plans. Patients can receive real-time feedback on their health data and have access to virtual consultations with specialists, regardless of their location. Precision farming techniques optimize resource utilization, drones monitor crops and soil conditions, and agricultural yields reach unprecedented levels. Farmers can make data-driven decisions about irrigation, fertilization, and pest control, leading to increased efficiency and reduced environmental impact. Enhanced Environmental Monitoring Sensors can track air and water quality in real-time, enabling proactive measures to combat pollution and climate change. This data can be used to create early warning systems for environmental hazards and inform policy decisions aimed at protecting our planet. However, this transformative journey is not without its challenges. Robust security measures are paramount to ensure the safety and privacy of the vast amount of data generated by this interconnected network. Additionally, the development of global standards for 5G and IoT will be crucial for fostering interoperability and seamless integration. Finally, significant investments in infrastructure development are needed to support widespread deployments of these technologies. Despite the challenges, the potential of 5G and IoT is undeniable. By embracing these technologies and actively exploring their potential, we can create a future where technology empowers us to solve some of the world's most pressing challenges and enhance our lives in countless ways. The future is connected, and it's time to prepare for its arrival. Join us and be a part of this digital revolution! Founded in 2012, 4Geeks is a global software engineering and revenue growth consulting firm for Fortune 500, Global 2000 and fast-growing SMBs. Provides top solutions to multiple industries including Retail, Healthcare, Banking & Financial Services, B2B SaaS, Manufacturing and Education. HQ in the USA, and delivery centers across Latin America.

Homeopathy is a natural and gentle healing system that uses specially prepared homeopathic medicines. These medicines are composed of minute doses of plant, mineral and animal substances and stimulate the body’s innate healing abilities. The foundation of homeopathy is the concept of “like treats like,” also known as the “Law of Similars.” These medicines in much stronger doses have caused in a healthy person the same symptoms that the sick person is suffering from. When these substances are given in an extremely small, safe dose they bring about a healing reaction. Homeopathic medicines are inexpensive, have no known side effects and are completely safe to use with infants, children, elders, and pets. Unlike conventional medicines, homeopathic medicines work with the body to defend itself, supporting the natural healing process instead of suppressing it. Although conventional drugs may be of great value in certain circumstances, it makes sense to try homeopathic medicines and become familiar with their uses. For an even more in-depth introduction, check out Dr. Dennis Chernin's explanation here. If you would like to learn more about homeopathy, we recommend checking out the National Center for Homeopathy, which has lots of information and free resources. If you become a member, you gain access to the digital archive containing decades of their magazine, Homeopathy Today. We also recommend visiting Dana Ullman's website and browsing the Articles section. Homeopathy traces its roots back to 1796, when it was invented by Samuel Hahnemann, a German physician and chemist. After observing the Law of Similars in action by testing small doses of many different substances on himself, Samuel Hahnemann worked tirelessly throughout his life to develop the system of homeopathy and discover the uses of new remedies. Here are some resources where you can find research studies about homeopathy: Thousands of studies and clinical trials have been performed on homeopathy. It's important to keep in mind that any study on homeopathy needs to be carefully designed in order to provide valid results. Ideally, the homeopathic medicine is prescribed on a case-by-case basis, individualized for each person in the study. For instance, ten people who have all been diagnosed with "arthritis" may need ten different remedies; a different remedy for each person depending on what symptoms that person is experiencing. It's important for the team conducting the study to either have a homeopathic practitioner on the team, or at least to consult with one while designing the study. It really depends on what country you’re in. Homeopathy was popular in the United States in the late 1800s and early 1900s, when around twenty percent of U.S. doctors were homeopaths. For many decades, homeopathy fell out of common use. Some attribute this to political and social changes orchestrated by practitioners of conventional medicine, who felt threatened by the success of homeopathy. Around the 1960s, homeopathy began to experience a resurgence in the United States and has been growing in popularity ever since. The World Health Organization estimates that homeopathy is currently being used by over 500 million people around the world. Homeopathy is more widely accepted in many countries, such as Argentina, Brazil, Chile, France, India, Germany, Great Britain, Mexico, Pakistan, Switzerland, and others. Some countries even include it in their public healthcare systems, and others don’t even consider it an “alternative” medicine. Approximately 30% of French doctors and 20% of German doctors use homeopathic medicines in their regular practice. Over 40% of British doctors refer patients to homeopathic doctors. In fact, the British Royal Family has used and publicly supported homeopathy since the 1830s. Homeopathy appears to work by stimulating the body's natural healing abilities. Homeopaths often refer to these healing powers as the "vital force." The vital force can be understood as the body's innate intelligence that seeks to maintain balance, health, and life. For example, when we have a minor cut, the vital force mobilizes the body systems necessary to help ward off infection and heal the cut over the course of a few days. Homeopathy seems to stimulate and assist these natural processes. The exact mechanism by which homeopathy acts is currently unknown, but there are many theories put forth by homeopaths. These theories range from spiritual in nature to extremely scientific. There are scientists around the world conducting in-depth research into the exact nature of homeopathy, using complex machines to test theories involving quantum physics. This may not be a very satisfying answer, but keep in mind that just because we don't yet know exactly HOW something works, it doesn't negate the fact that it works. For example, scientists still don't know exactly how acetaminophen (Tylenol) works. If you are interested in reading in-depth about the modern scientific theories about homeopathy, check out this article: It's a very long and very interesting article. For even further reading, check out the studies in the "References" section of the article linked above. It’s common to confuse the words “homeopathy” and “holistic.” “Homeopathy” refers to a unique therapeutic healing system using unique approaches and specially prepared medicines. “Holistic” means that the whole person is being taken into consideration during treatment, including mental and social factors, rather than just the symptoms of a disease. Herbalism, Ayurveda, and Traditional Chinese Medicine are each their own distinct therapeutic healing system, with their own unique histories, approaches, and medicines. Ideally, treatment using any of these alternative methods would also be holistic, meaning that the practitioner would take the entire person, including physical, emotional, and mental symptoms as well as social context into account during treatment. Homeopathic remedies have been used by millions of people for over 200 years and have no known side effects and no known drug interactions. Homeopathic remedies are not habit forming and are also non-toxic and non-habit forming. Yes. In the United States, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulates the manufacture and sale of all homeopathic medicines. Pharmacies which manufacture homeopathic remedies must abide by the standards set forth in the Homeopathic Pharmacopoeia of the United States (HPUS), which is an official manual that contains information about proper identification of raw materials, guidelines for remedy manufacture, and quality control information. It is easy to learn how to use homeopathy at home for treatment of acute illnesses such as colds, flus, sore throats, ear aches, minor injuries, upset stomach, mild headaches, and more. Castle Remedies offers a comprehensive Introduction to Homeopathy class. We also carry many books about homeopathy. For chronic or serious health concerns, you should always work with a qualified homeopathic practitioner. Homeopathy can help speed recovery from many common acute illnesses like colds, flus, sore throats, ear aches, bruises, bug bites, upset stomach, and more. For more serious, chronic or long-standing health concerns, such as arthritis, asthma, autism, depression, or eczema, it is recommended to seek the help of a professional homeopathic practitioner. Homeopathy is practiced by a wide variety of health care practitioners. There are homeopaths, who specialize in only homeopathy. However, many other types of practitioners can receive training in homeopathy, including (but not limited to) acupuncturists, chiropractors, dentists, medical doctors, naturopaths, nurse midwives, nurse practitioners, osteopaths, registered nurses, and veterinarians. Each country has its own systems for training and regulating homeopaths. In the United States, there is currently no government body that licenses homeopathic practitioners or schools. There are many independent schools and training programs for homeopathy in the U.S. You can view a comprehensive list here. There are also independent commissions and certification boards for homeopathy. The Accreditation Commission for Homeopathic Education in North America (ACHENA) reviews and certifies the programs offered by many schools in the U.S. Once training is complete, prospective homeopathic practitioners can seek certification through the Council for Homeopathic Certification (CHC), the American Board of Homeotherapeutics (ABHt), or the Homeopathic Association of Naturopathic Physicians. The first appointment with a homeopath typically lasts between one to two hours and the cost can range from $150 to $500 depending on several factors such as the practitioner's experience level and location. The first visit usually includes a long conversation between practitioner and client, wherein the practitioner asks questions and gathers information about the client's full symptom picture, including mental, emotional, physical, and social aspects. Follow up visits are typically shorter and cheaper and are usually scheduled every four to six weeks, depending on the client's needs. Follow up appointments usually last between 15 to 60 minutes. It depends. Some types of practitioners are more likely to be able to accept health insurance, such as medical doctors, osteopaths, and nurse practitioners. Check with your practitioner as well as with your health insurance. We welcome your questions. Please don't hesitate to contact us.

Polis - μ Sagittarii (mu Sagittarii) Polis, also designated as μ Sagittarii (mu Sagittarii), is a variable and multiple supergiant star in the constellation of Sagittarius. Polis visual magnitude is 3.86. Because of its moderate brightness, Polis should be easily visible from locations with dark skyes, while it can be barely visible, or not visible at all, from skyes affected by light pollution. The proper motion of Polis is 0.002 arcsec per year in Right Ascension and 0.001 arcsec per year in Declination and the associated displacement for the next 100000 years is represented with the red arrow. Key facts about Polis Celestial coordinates and finder chart of Polis Polis is situated close to the celestial equator, as such, it is at least partly visible from both hemispheres in certain times of the year. Celestial coordinates for the J2000 equinox as well as galactic coordinates of Polis are provided in the following table: The simplified sky map below shows the position of Polis in the sky: Visibility of Polis from your location Today's Polis - μ Sagittarii (mu Sagittarii) rise, transit and set times from Greenwich, United Kingdom are the following (all times relative to the local timezone Europe/London): Distance of Polis from the Sun and relative movement Polis is distant 29,636.36 light years from the Sun and it is moving towards the Sun at the speed of 6 kilometers per second. Spectral properties of Polis Polis belongs to spectral class B8 and has a luminosity class of I corresponding to a supergiant star. The red dot in the diagram below shows where Polis is situated in the Hertzsprung–Russell diagram. Polis star system properties Polis is a visual double star which can be observed only with the help of very large telescopes. The table below shows key information about the Polis double sysyem:

The Japanese government disposed of “dangerous animals” (not only carnivores but also herbivores, such as elephants) in zoos and circuses during WWII, including those in Japan and occupied Korea, Taiwan, and Manchuria. While some European zoos also destroyed their animals, no country conducted as nationwide and systematic a disposal of captive animals as Japan. Some claim the Japanese government ordered the killings to mobilize the whole civilian population into total war, rather than for the ostensible purpose of public safety. Here is an excerpt from my book Enemy in the Mirror:Love and Fury in the Pacific War: In the morning, during a brief stop at Kobe, they heard the terrible news. Hundreds of B-29s had rained incendiary bombs on Tokyo during the night. Forty square kilometers of the city had been set afire and more than 90,000 people were dead. It was beyond imagination. Everyone sat in numbed silence as the train moved on. After staring blankly out the window for many kilometers, Isamu finally closed his eyes and drifted into reverie. It was a warm Sunday afternoon in 1932 at Tokyo’s Ueno Zoo. Lighthearted families strolled between the enclosures of exotic animals. Rising Sun flags fluttered over the promenade and the cherry trees were in full bloom. A banner proclaimed: “Enrich the country, strengthen the Army.” Like a caring older brother, Japan was bringing light to Manchuria. Soon all of Asia would be joined in a sphere of co-prosperity. Isamu beamed at his parents when they bought him a delicious brown sugar rice and millet cake. He loved all the animals, but his favorite was Tonki, the performing elephant. Tonki carried logs, walked along wooden beams and blew a toy trumpet with his trunk. As a finale, he stood on a podium and raised his trunk and a front leg saluting the crowd. The children cheered and the adults applauded. Isamu opened his eyes. Tonki and the other zoo animals were long gone – starved to death by their keepers in 1943 for fear they might run wild in an air raid. Now the great city itself was burned to the ground. He rubbed his forehead and ran his fingertips through his hair. How much longer can this go on?

Text by Akemi Okumura Roy Paper-making techniques were introduced to Japan from China in 610 A.D. Over the centuries they were developed in a very refined craft. Typically produced from the long natural fibres of three Japanese native plants, each giving a different quality of Washi in which the common features are smoothness, resistance and the visible fibres. Washi is traditionally one of the four elements of which Japanese households are made, together with wood, earth and reeds. The paper obtained with this process is also still used in many traditional arts, from Origami to Ukyio-e, and to produce writing paper and fans, umbrellas and kites, lamps and kimonos. Paper-making is an Important Intangible Cultural Property of Japan, and as such protected, safeguarded and transmitted to future generations. Osaka-born paper artist Tetsuya Nagata has mastered this traditional craft, turning it into the centre of his eccentric production. Nagata graduated from the School of Fine Arts of Tokyo National University of Fine Arts and Music in 1985. He learned the technique at University, where he discovered this art form that «comprises all natural things, bringing them together in a formative beauty and a function of nature, that becomes a point of view, a perception, ultimately representing how people feel». When I create Japanese paper moulds, behind each mould there is a history, a story and memories which make it unique. “I would like to leave a memory of Japanese beauty and tradition that people have forgotten" Ten years ago, he started using wooden moulds with which Japanese traditional sweets are made. “Visiting an antique market, I found a Japanese confectionery mould in the shape of a sea bream; I was very attracted by it, because the mould is a negative shape and the positive comes out upside down after it is filled with the candy. So I began to study the epidermis, which has a front side and back side. In the shape of the ground, it gets upside down. The epidermis is the visible side of the ground. Through it, we can see the other side of the world. So when I found the moulds of old Japanese sweets, I started to develop this project, to revive the memories of our history, combining them with a playful element. When I create Japanese paper moulds, behind each mould there is a history, a story and memories which make it unique.“With Japanese paper I have been copying the shape and memory of various objects such as excavators of construction sites, the ruts of Mazda three-wheeled trucks, the old manhole and plate nearby Tokyo tower. Objects that are significant in the history of men. Objects that are the memory of a person, like the epidermis of the well-worn shoes of retired office workers. I have also made placemats, lampshades and greeting cards copying the surface of Yakusugi trees, the World Heritage Yakushima cedars.” The theme is “Memory of Time and Space”. By making full use of Japanese traditional paper, Tetsuya Nagata collects “the realistic epidermis of things, created by three-dimensional solid or embossed work that expresses the relationship between visual and tactile image memory.” Tetsuya Nagata uses Nishinouchi Washi, specifically designated intangible cultural asset, made from the best mulberry trees, which has a silky, shiny texture. “I like to revive old Japanese sweets by Japanese paper, as Memories of Japan. These celebrative moulds are inherited from Edo era, Meiji, Taisho, Showa to Heisei. I use these designs to expand into the space of everyday life, interiors, gifts, and fashion. They have a meaning as memory of Japan. Something that can feel nostalgic.” “I would like to leave a memory of Japanese beauty and tradition that people have forgotten. I am fascinated by the beauty of Japanese design that has been put into wooden moulds. Those moulds have in themselves the history of each craftsman’s work." “Sea Breams, Treasure Ships, Mount Fuji are considered to bring good luck and are used as ingredients in foods for happy events and celebrations. To consecrate the encounter of people and love. There are many different wooden moulds from Hokkaido to Kyushu in Japan, from different times and different places. My work starts with finding those sweet moulds, that I collect at my studio, where I have more than 2000 pieces from all over Japan. To create my work, I overlay about five Japanese papers to the wooden moulds. They represent good luck with seasonal things, vegetables, and fruits which are colourful and have amazingly sophisticated structures. I consider myself an artist of designs.” Tetsuya Nagata’s works are exhibited at shows and galleries. They are sold at selected shops in Japan, and he also has a concession at Isetan Department Store, entirely dedicated to his art and products. Laura Inghirami, journalist and advisor specialized in the jewelry sector, and Founder of Donna Jewel, interviewed, for the Cologni Foundation, the Master artisans who have been awarded as “MAM – Master of Arts and Crafts”, in the category: Jewelry - Silversmithing – Goldsmithing.

Clinically Reviewed by: Charee Marquez, LMFT In the realm of nicotine consumption, awareness of potential risks, particularly the prospect of nicotine overdose, is paramount. Whether you or someone you know engages in the use of nicotine products such as cigarettes, e-cigarettes, or other tobacco-related items, understanding the potential harm associated with excessive intake is crucial. This article delves into the perils of nicotine overdose, elucidating its signs and symptoms, and offering insights into preventive measures for informed and responsible usage. Understanding Nicotine Overdose Nicotine, a profoundly addictive substance prevalent in diverse tobacco products, exerts its influence by stimulating the central nervous system. While moderate use may result in mild stimulant effects, the consumption of nicotine in excessive amounts poses a significant risk of nicotine overdose, culminating in severe health implications. Understanding the potential dangers associated with elevated nicotine intake is crucial for fostering informed and cautious usage practices. Signs and Symptoms of Nicotine Overdose Nicotine overdose is a serious concern that can manifest in various ways, necessitating a keen awareness of the signs and symptoms to ensure prompt intervention. Here are several key indicators that one may experience in the event of nicotine overdose: Increased Heart Rate: One of the primary signs is an accelerated heart rate, which may be noticeable and should not be ignored. Nausea and Vomiting: Nicotine toxicity often leads to feelings of nausea and may progress to vomiting, indicating a potential overdose. Dizziness or Lightheadedness: Individuals experiencing nicotine overdose may feel dizzy or lightheaded, which can be a result of the physiological impact of excessive nicotine consumption. Excessive Sweating: Overdose can trigger an increase in sweating, often beyond the normal range, serving as a visible symptom that something is amiss. Headaches: Persistent or severe headaches can be a consequence of nicotine overdose and should be recognized as a warning sign. Tremors or Seizures: In severe cases, nicotine overdose may lead to tremors or seizures, emphasizing the urgency of seeking medical attention. Confusion or Agitation: Nicotine toxicity can affect cognitive function, leading to confusion or heightened agitation, which requires immediate medical assessment. In the event that you or someone you know exhibits these symptoms following nicotine use, it is imperative to take swift action. Seeking medical attention is crucial, and you can do so by calling 911 or your local emergency number. Timely intervention is essential to address the potential risks associated with nicotine overdose and ensure the well-being of the affected individual Preventing Nicotine Overdose Effectively preventing nicotine overdose hinges on responsible usage and heightened awareness. Here are comprehensive tips aimed at minimizing the risk of nicotine overdose: Adhere to Recommended Dosage: Always follow the recommended dosage provided on nicotine products, whether they are in the form of patches, gums, or other delivery methods. This ensures that you stay within safe limits of nicotine consumption. Avoid Combination of Nicotine Products: Refrain from combining different nicotine products simultaneously. Mixing various forms of nicotine intake can elevate the risk of overdose, so it’s essential to stick to one method at a time. Exercise Caution with E-cigarettes: Be particularly cautious when using e-cigarettes, given the considerable variability in nicotine content among different products. Regularly check and be aware of the nicotine levels in the e-liquids you use to prevent unintentional overdose. Educate Yourself on Nicotine Content: Take the initiative to educate yourself about the nicotine content of the specific products you use. Understanding the concentration levels helps you make informed decisions and reduces the likelihood of exceeding safe thresholds. Seek Support for Nicotine Cessation: If you’re considering quitting nicotine altogether, seek support and guidance. Numerous resources, including counseling services, support groups, and cessation programs, are available to assist you in this journey. Professional assistance can significantly enhance your chances of successfully overcoming nicotine addiction. By incorporating these informative tips into your approach to nicotine use, you can actively contribute to minimizing the risk of overdose and fostering a safer and healthier relationship with nicotine products. Call California Prime Recovery Today! If you or a loved one is struggling with nicotine addiction and needs assistance in overcoming it, don’t hesitate to reach out to California Prime Recovery, a leading Drug and Alcohol Rehab and Mental Health Treatment Center in Fountain Valley, CA. Our experienced team is here to provide guidance, support, and effective treatment options to help you or your loved one on the path to recovery. Contact us today at 866-208-2390 to speak with one of our dedicated professionals who can discuss your specific needs and options for treatment. Also, check out our blogs posted weekly on Medium. Frequently Asked Questions Yes, nicotine overdose is possible from smoking cigarettes, especially if multiple cigarettes are consumed in a short period. E-cigarettes can also lead to nicotine overdose, as the nicotine content can vary significantly between different products. If you or someone else shows signs of nicotine overdose, seek immediate medical attention by calling 911 or your local emergency number. Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) can be a safer way to quit smoking when used as directed, but it’s essential to follow the recommended dosage. Quitting nicotine addiction can be challenging, but seeking professional help and support from a rehab center like California Prime Recovery can greatly increase your chances of success. Call us at 866-208-2390 to learn more about our treatment programs.

Martha Elmetta Taylor Babbitt (nickname: “Metta”) Married: Edward Calvin Babbitt in 1895 Children: Fred, Burr and Mildred Notable: Elected to council in New Albany in 1921. Took office in January 1922 and was elected president of council by her colleagues. She became first female mayor of New Albany when Mayor J.F. Margarum resigned on May 31, 1922. Martha’s grandparents, Anthony Wayne Taylor (1797-1883) and Melinda Trumbo Taylor (1801-1874), met in Hardy County, Virginia (later West Virginia) and married there. They came to Ohio on horseback and arrived on April 8,1822. Anthony Wayne Taylor was 25 years old and Melinda was 21. During much of the trip, there were no roads and they had to cut their way through the forest to arrive at their destination. It would not have been passable by wagon in most areas. Hardy County is about 325 miles from New Albany (“as the crow flies”) and is located in the West Virginia panhandle. Melinda Trumbo Taylor and her husband had only one child at the time, A.P. (“Pike”) Taylor, and he turned 1 year old on the day they arrived in Plain Township. He “was carried all the way from the headwaters of the Potomac River in her lap on horseback” according to a Columbus Gazette newspaper article written by Pike 50 years after the fact. Anthony Wayne’s father and most of Anthony Wayne’s siblings also left Hardy County at about the same time. They settled in Cincinnati for a few years, and some of them moved further west as more of the country opened up. Why didn’t Anthony Wayne settle with the other family members in Cincinnati? It could be because the Trumbo family (his wife’s family) was purchasing land in Plain Township, Franklin County, Ohio. Anthony Wayne and Melinda arrived in Plain Township in 1822. They purchased 600 acres of land, which they eventually expanded to 1,000 acres. They went on to have a total of six children. Further research may indicate Anthony Wayne Taylor received warrants to purchase some of the acres from his father who was a soldier in the Revolutionary War and would have been entitled to warrants as compensation for his service. Anthony Wayne and Melinda Trumbo Taylor built a log cabin on a path that is now called Dublin-Granville Road. This path (at least the section between Hamilton Road and New Albany) was most likely improved by Anthony Wayne himself, as it was later named “Anthony Wayne Taylor Pike.” His cabin was built on a small hill along the road that existed until about 2019 when a roundabout was built to service a nearby Hobby Lobby and Target store. A map at the Ohio History Connection indicates this “hill” may have been a Native American burial mound. Later, as his children grew up, Anthony Wayne built two more cabins in this area. Pike lived for at least some of his married life in one of those cabins, as did Lorenzo. They eventually built their own houses on the 1,000-acre farm. Pike’s house was around the corner on the west side of Harlem Road, in the area where Addenbrook Blvd. intersects Harlem Rd. This land later became known as the West Harlem or “Harlem Square” subdivision when it was developed by MI Homes/Schottenstein in 1997. Lorenzo built the large brick vernacular house with the mansard roof, still existing near the Rocky Fork Creek, just east of Target and Hobby Lobby. [Note: According to Arloia Baughman Walton, one of Anthony Wayne’s three cabins was later purchased by Mary Baughman, who moved it to the northeast corner of Morse Road and Johnstown Road. Bill Resch, who later owned that same parcel of land, indicated there were two log cabins on that property when his family lived there in the mid 1900s. One may have been the “original Baughman cabin” that has been written about by numerous historians, and the other was most likely the Taylor cabin. Bill Resch later donated the Taylor cabin to the New Albany Plain Township Historical Society in the 1980s.] Pike and his first wife, Rebecca Perfect (Taylor), had four boys before Rebecca died in childbirth. After Rebecca passed away, Pike married Mildred Wright (Taylor), and they had two additional children: daughter Martha Elmetta Taylor (1862-1950) and son Harry Taylor. Martha’s schooling included music classes at Central College and attendance at Normal School in Reynoldsburg. At the age of 16 she began teaching at the local school near her parents’ home. It was believed to be on the north side of Dublin-Granville Road, where Harlem takes the jog. Pike, a Baptist minister, died in 1879 when Martha was 17. In 1885, Martha married Edward Calvin Babbitt (1858-1934), who was born and lived most of his life on the 100-acre Babbitt farm which the family had purchased in 1846. The Babbitt land was on Dublin-Granville Road, east of New Albany, just past the Columbus Jewish Day School on the opposite side of the road. After their marriage, Martha and Edward lived for some time in New Albany’s historic village center. While living there, they were very involved in their community. Martha was active in the New Albany Methodist Church, where she taught in the Sunday school classes. Her husband served as a council member. Martha was also active in the Ladies’ Aid (an organization which raised money for the poor or disadvantaged) and helped with all of their fundraisers. Edward was also a farmer and worked on the family farm owned by his parents on Dublin-Granville Road. Martha and Edward had three children: Fred Babbitt (married Emma Noe), Burr (married Blanche McElwee) and Mildred (married Howard Underwood) (1900-1982). Martha Elmetta Taylor and Edward Calvin Babitt’s wedding day in June 1885. Martha and Edward circa 1923. Women’s Suffrage Movement After many years of discussion and hard work, women finally received the right to vote in 1920 when the 19thamendment to the Constitution was adopted. Council members, mayors and other local office holders were elected every two years in those days, and the local election was scheduled for November of 1921. Unfortunately, someone forgot to have the ballots printed for the election or lost them, so all the candidates had to be elected by “write-in” ballots. There were only 200 residents of New Albany at that time and most of them knew each other well, preventing a complete disaster of the election. The village was only about 6 blocks in size. The town was surrounded by local farms which were mostly outside the corporate limits of the village. When the election results came in, five women and one man were elected council members. J.F. Margarum was elected Mayor after running unopposed. The council members and mayor were sworn into office on January 2, 1922 by Mayor B.P. Ranney. Martha Babbitt was elected president of council by her peers. At the new council’s second meeting, council members voted to replace the carbide gas street lights with electric lights. They also voted to “tar and chip” the roadways in the village center. The automobile had been introduced to New Albany about 10 years earlier, and this created the need to improve roadways and build bridges for auto traffic. Records show that the council members also wanted to “improve sewer systems”. They probably meant the storm sewers or gutters alongside of the roadways because sanitary sewers were not installed in New Albany until the late 1980s. During their year in office, the council also passed a law making it unlawful to have in one’s possession or explode “fire crackers, roman candles or torpedoes” at any celebration. On May 31, 1922, Mr. Margarum resigned as Mayor and Mrs. Babbitt became the first female mayor of New Albany. We can only speculate as to why Mr. Margarum resigned, but perhaps he could not adapt to his changing environment? By December 29, 1922, the street lights had been replaced with electric lights, the roads had been “tarred and chipped” and the storm sewers “improved”. The women council members declared that they had accomplished their goals and therefore were no longer needed on council. Mayor Babbitt resigned as did most of the other members of council. Mrs. Babbitt’s salary for six months as a Council member and six months as mayor totaled $13.50. Shortly after resigning from office, Martha and Edward relocated to the family farm on Dublin-Granville Rd. At the farm, the house they occupied sat about 300 feet south of Dublin-Granville Rd. The front of the house faced west (towards New Albany) and was recognizable for its long driveway. There were also two adjacent cabins where various members of the Babbitt family lived from time to time. Today, the house and driveway still exist and are part of the Wexner estate. The official address is 7103 E. Dublin-Granville Road. The New Albany-Plain Township Historical Society is frequently asked if Martha and Edward Babbitt lived on Babbitt Road. They did not and, to our knowledge, neither did their relatives. In those days, when “hard top” roads were built in an area, it was sometimes done by “petition”. It was the custom at the time to name the road after the first signer of the petition. Edward Babbitt was on the committee organized to have the hard top road constructed and was the first signer of the petition. Some of the residents on Babbitt Road purportedly thought the road should have been named after someone else, but evidently, the local tradition survived. This article was provided courtesy of Nancy Ferguson and Dennis Keesee from the New Albany-Plain Township Historical Society.

Unfortunately, there are many people who get cancer each year and have to deal with these types of illnesses. One type of cancer is blood cancer. Many people wonder what are some of the blood cancer types that people become sick with. Find out what some of the blood cancer types are. One of the first common types of blood cancer is Leukemia. This unfortunately targets parts of your body that help you form your blood. There are a variety of types of Leukemia but all of them hurt your ability to produce healthy white blood cells. Because people with Leukemia lack white blood cells, typically the complications come from an inability to fight infection versus the cancer itself. Unfortunately, this is one of the more common cancers in children. Lymphoma is another type of cancer that people get. This is a cancer of the lymph system which sometimes is referred to as Hodgkin’s lymphoma or Hodgkin’s disease. What happens is that the cells within the lymphatic system start to not form correctly. Eventually it’s difficult to fight infections making the person very sick. There are also forms of lymphoma that are called non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma which effects the while blood cells instead. A third type of cancer is Multiple Myeloma. This type of cancer is very dangerous simply because it will effect the plasma cells in the blood. Generally the signs of this type of cancer is difficult to spot until someone has already had some serious infections because the body can’t fight them off too well. You need to be aware that there are multiple versions of each type of these cancers. Some are acute as they appear and harm the body quickly while others will not be so severe and gradually build up unless dealt with. If you need more information on a specific type of cancer, you can talk to your doctor getting all the information you need about a very specific type of cancer. No matter what, the best advice we can give you is to start treating your cancer as soon as possible. The more time you give the cancer in your blood to evolve, the harder it will be to get rid of it in the end. Blood cancer is not a terminal disease per say, but if you do not start treating it immediately, it may very well be! We wish you the best of luck with treating the cancer in your blood or avoiding same. by Halfdan Timm

Abstract / Description of output Bacterial conglomerates such as biofilms and microcolonies are ubiquitous in nature and play an important role in industry and medicine. In contrast to well-mixed cultures routinely used in microbial research, bacteria in a microcolony interact mechanically with one another and with the substrate to which they are attached. Here, we use a computer model of a microbial colony of rod-shaped cells to investigate how physical interactions between cells determine their motion in the colony and how this affects biological evolution. We show that the probability that a faster-growing mutant 'surfs' at the colony's frontier and creates a macroscopic sector depends on physical properties of cells (shape, elasticity and friction). Although all these factors contribute to the surfing probability in seemingly different ways, their effects can be summarized by two summary statistics that characterize the front roughness and cell alignment. Our predictions are confirmed by experiments in which we measure the surfing probability for colonies of different front roughness. Our results show that physical interactions between bacterial cells play an important role in biological evolution of new traits, and suggest that these interactions may be relevant to processes such as de novo evolution of antibiotic resistance. Keywords / Materials (for Non-textual outputs) - biological evolution - bacterial colony - surfing probability - RANGE EXPANSION - GENETIC DRIFT

As your child approaches kindergarten, it is natural for you to contemplate his or her readiness to meet the joys and challenges of a new academic environment. Our pre-k classroom is both a continuation of our early childhood “play is work” philosophy and an intentional strategy to provide the skills and attitudes necessary for success in school. As a pre-kindergartener at Today’s Life, your child participates in joyful interactions that support all areas of development and experiences social situations that foster teamwork. The process of learning to read and write is a huge priority for us. In addition to new experiences, each pre-k child has ample opportunity throughout the day to discover the connections between letters and sounds. Our classroom environment is designed specifically for children who are ages four and five. In our learning environment, we will provide your child with numerous opportunities to use his or her imagination, be creative, and learn successfully. It’s important for children to experience new things at an early age. Because of this, our classroom is ever-changing, allowing your child to interact with new toys and hands-on learning materials. We incorporate a weekly theme into our lesson plans, allowing your child to experiment with new content. In addition to exploring the classroom environment, we employ a certain amount of autonomy, allowing children to use high-level thinking skills and take control of how they spend their day. We have a daily group time where we review our colors, numbers, shapes, and the alphabet. We talk to the children about the weather, days of the week, months of the year, seasons, sight words, and our weekly theme. We often plan our art projects off of our weekly theme and do art in small groups. Our teachers spend time getting to know each child and how he or she learns. At Today’s Life, we understand that not every child learns the same as the next, and we want each child to reach his or her full potential. We like to work in small groups based on age and similar developmental goals. In these groups, your child will be exposed to reading, writing, science, geography, math, and social studies. As the children blossom academically, we also introduce them to technology that will prepare them for an elementary school classroom setting. We provide computers, tablets, and robotic cubelets for their exploration. At Today’s Life, our child care providers strive to create a nurturing environment where children are taught good behavior, to use nice words, and to respect each other. We understand the importance of caring for your child not only physically, but also socially and emotionally. Kindergarten readiness is more than just reaching a certain age. Today’s Life graduates transition to kindergarten ready to learn, grow, and thrive as confident and independent lovers of learning. Health and Safety We take the health and safety of your child very seriously. In our classrooms, there is a constant ratio of one teacher for every 10 children, to ensure that there is always someone watching. In addition to maintaining a safe ratio, all of our teachers are thoroughly vetted and must pass a background check every two years. To maximize the health and safety of your child, we also require that our teachers are trained in first aid every three years and in CPR every two years. As your child grows, he or she will develop more independence. In our pre-K program, our teachers are always ready to aid your child in developing healthy self-help skills. During the nap time, we also take safe-sleep precautions. Health and sanitation are very important to us. To avoid the spread of germs, and to keep the classroom and play areas as clean as possible, we sanitize and wash our toys and equipment several times throughout the day. Meals and Snacks Today’s Life provides a healthy morning snack, a hot lunch, and an afternoon snack every day. As a parent, there is nothing more worrisome than putting your child’s care in the hands of another. At Today’s Life, we try to ease your worries by providing you with daily reports on what your child did that day and how he or she behaved. In addition to your daily report, you will also have the option to speak one-on-one with our teachers twice a year at our parent/teacher conferences. Our enrichment program is an excellent way for your child to explore new activities outside of the classroom setting. Between Spanish, music, and more, you can have peace of mind knowing that your child is having a well-rounded experience at Today’s Life. Come visit us today! With locations in Eden Prairie and Brooklyn Park, we serve the entire Minneapolis area, including Chanhassen, Minnetonka, Bloomington, Shorewood, Shakopee, and Savage.

Elementary Statistics With Using Excel 6th Edition PDF is a book that equips you with the solutions for every statistical problem torturing your mind. This 6th Edition of Elementary statistics teaches students in an interesting manner and simplifies everything about one’s understanding of complex statistical analysis tools. We have ensured to include relevant examples, which can be found on a computer equipped with MICROSOFT EXCEL software used by millions across the world. Elementary Statistics With Using Excel – 6th Edition – PDF – eBook - Publisher: Pearson; 6th edition - Publication date: January 5, 2017 - Language: English - Page length: 864 pages

The DIY Diagnostics research stream of the Freshman Research Initiative enables first-year students to work on a variety of projects, including creating apps to help potential skin cancer patients track suspicious moles, conducting saliva tests to determine bacterial diversity and assessing water quality to gauge the public health impacts of any contamination in Waller Creek. Now, thanks to the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, the DIY Diagnosticians are taking one of their projects even further. Chosen from 1,800 applications from around the world to be a Grand Challenges Explorations winner, a project called “Detecting Pathogens in Mosquitos with Pregnancy Test Strips” will be the focus of undergraduate researchers, led by Professor Andy Ellington and faculty research educator Tim Riedel. The initial prize is $100,000, and researchers whose ideas pan out successfully have the opportunity to receive a follow-on grant of up to $1 million. Undergraduate researchers in the DIY research stream, together with the Ellington Lab, will attempt to create a brand new device that applies molecular technology to hack into the workings of a common pregnancy test. With the help of a processing tool from an Austin-based company, Paratus Diagnostics, instead of detecting pregnancy in women, the test would be able to tell whether mosquitos carry blood-borne pathogens like malaria, dengue fever and chikungunya virus. “Diseases like malaria disproportionately affect millions of people in developing economies — not because we don’t know how to treat them, but because we don’t know how to quickly and effectively find them,” said Ellington, a professor of molecular biosciences. Controlling these diseases would be easier if communities knew whether the mosquitos trapped in a given area carry infection. The new device would quickly, immediately and cheaply discover if a dead mosquito carries malaria or another disease. If a pathogen is detected, the technology produces a strong chemical signal in response to the pathogen’s DNA. This signal is then converted into a hormone that leads to a positive test result, clearly reporting either the presence or absence of malaria or another infection the same way that pregnancy is clearly reported by the tests. “In an age where cell phones and information technology connect us all, there needs to be a way that we can bring diagnostics directly to users,” Ellington said. “The undergraduate researchers in this Gates-funded project will help to develop molecular assays that can directly interface with portable devices, allowing their use where the need is greatest. When developing their proposal, the UT Austin team couldn’t use any names or descriptive details because of the Gates Foundation’s blind proposal process. It’s only by coincidence that the DIY Diagnostics research stream had a preexisting affiliation with Bill Gates: DIY Diagnostics was established in 2013 as a gift of sorts to the global health champion from his friend, UT Austin alumnus Robert O’Rear, M.A. ’66 (mathematics). O’Rear, who started working at Microsoft in 1977 as the company’s seventh employee, made the contribution to create the stream in recognition of Gates’ generosity in the building of the Gates-Dell Complex, which houses UT Austin’s Department of Computer Science. Grand Challenges Explorations is a $100 million initiative of the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation that Launched in 2008 and has supported over 1,100 projects in more than 60 countries. The grant program is open to anyone from any discipline and from any organization. The Freshman Research Initiative is a program in the College of Natural Sciences at the University of Texas at Austin that offers first-year students the opportunity to initiate and engage in authentic research experiences with faculty in the college. It is the largest program of its kind in the country and has been found to lead to higher GPAs, greater likelihood of post-college education, and a doubling of students’ chances of graduating with a STEM degree. This story was updated July 1. The official press release can be found here.

Anger Disorder Diagnosis? Joe Pereira, LICSW, CAS The recent publication of the 5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-V) and the controversy surrounding the relevance and validity of the different categories of diagnoses would suggest that it may not be the appropriate time to consider other types of mental disorders. However, given the impact of anger problems among individuals in our society, it may be worthwhile to reflect on the benefits of developing a diagnosis for individuals with anger control problems. In the last edition of the Outlook Associates newsletter, I looked at Intermittent Explosive Disorder which was the one diagnosis in the DSM-IV that had some connection to the problematic expression of anger. A case could be made that anger similarly to depression and anxiety can be experienced in such a way as to recommend a clinical diagnosis. This diagnosis would include how anger could be felt as well as how it could be expressed in an unhealthy manner. When determining how anger can be detrimental for an individual, there is a quote attributed to Confucius who said, “an angry person is full of poison.” In general there are three aspects when one thinks about anger that can contribute to it being harmful: frequency, intensity and duration. The frequency of one’s anger refers to how common it is for a person to feel angry on a daily basis. Likely, the more numerous times one feels angry will contribute to a negative experience of anger and lead to more conflict. The intensity of one’s anger is based on the degree of anger that one feels in the moment. The higher the “temperature” of the anger the more difficult it is for the person to contain the feeling of the anger fueled by the physiological arousal that has occurred. The duration of one’s anger concerns the length of time someone may be angry about the same event or events. For instance, if one is still angry about a situation that occurred several days earlier then the person does not have an opportunity to calm down which then can allow other events that cause a person to be angry to build on the already existing anger. A person can have a problem with one of these dimensions of anger or can have a problem with all three. Criteria for an Anger Disorder Raymond DiGiuseppe and Raymond Chip Tafrate in their book Understanding Anger Disorders, propose a clinical disorder for anger; Anger Regulation-Expression Disorder (ARED). Individuals would meet the criteria in two ways. The first way would be through subjective experiences of anger and the second way is through negative expressive patterns associated with anger. DiGiuseppe and Tafrate categorized the subjective experience as follows: - Significant anger affect as indicated by frequent, intense or enduring anger episodes that have per- sisted for at least six months. Among the characteristics that were included: • Physical activation (eg– increased heart rate, rapid breathing, muscle tension, headaches); • Rumination that interferes with concentration, task performance, problem-solving, or decision • Ineffective communication; • Subjective distress (eg-anger experiences perceived as negative, additional negative feelings such as guilt, shame, or regret following an anger episode) The second dimension of the anger disorder was described as: - A marked pattern of aggressive/expressive disorders associated with anger episodes. Expressive patterns are out of proportion to the triggering event. However, anger expressions need not be frequent, of high intensity or of long duration. They make a distinction between direct aggression/ expression patterns and indirect aggression/expression patterns. Direct aggression/expression patterns include: • Aversive verbalizations (eg– yelling, screaming, criticizing, insulting); • Physical aggression towards people (eg– pushing, shoving, hitting, kicking, throwing objects); • Destruction of property Indirect aggression/expression patterns include: • Intentionally failing to meet obligations or live up to others’ expectations; • Disrupting or negatively influencing others’ social network (eg– spreading rumors, gossiping, defamation). According to DiGiuseppe and Tafrate an Anger Regulation-Expression Disorder (ARED) would allow for finer discrimination to address the different problems individuals experience with his/her anger. They suggest the ARED is a starting point for further research. DiGiuseppe, Raymond and Tafrate, Raymond Chip, Understanding Anger Disorders, Oxford University Press, 2007. FROM THE FILES: Stress and Alcohol Feed Each Other Acute stress is thought to precipitate alcohol drinking. Yet the ways that acute stress can increase alcohol consumption is unclear. A recent study investigated whether different phases of response to an acute stressor can alter the subjective effects of alcohol. Study subjects comprised 25 healthy men who participated in two sessions, one where they performed a stressful public speaking task and one with a non-stressful control task. After each task, participants received intravenously administered infusions containing alcohol (the equivalent of two standard drinks) and placebo. One group of participants received alcohol within one minute of completing the tasks, followed by placebo 30 minutes later. The other group received the placebo infusion first followed by the alcohol. Researchers measured subjective effects such as anxiety, stimulation and desire for more alcohol, as well as physiological measures such as heart rate, blood pressure and salivary cortisol before and after repeated intervals after the tasks and infusions. According to Emma Childs research associate at the University og Chicago and corresponding author of the study, “…We showed that alcohol decreases the hormonal response to the stress, but also extends the negative subjective experience of the event. We also showed that stress decreased the pleasant effects of the alcohol.” She noted that using alcohol to cope with stress may actually make a person’s response to stress worse, and prolong recovery from a stressor. The results of the study were published in the October 2011 issue of Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research. ATTC Network, October 2011 Kids of Depressed Parents Have More Behavior Problems Youngsters with depressed fathers are more likely than other kids to have emotional and behavioral problems. Study authors including Dr. Michael Weitzmann at the New York University School of Medicine used data from a national study that included home interviews with 21,993 families, all of which had a child between the ages of 5 to 17 and both a mother and father living at home. 11% of kids with a depressed father had problems at home or at school. Among children with depressed mothers the number grew to 19% and with two depressed parents as many as 25% of children struggled emotionally and behaviorally. Medscape Medical News, November 14, 2011 Self Help CD for Anger Control Problems Now Available This one hour CD offers specific strategies that can be used immediately to start changing how one thinks about and responds to anger. You can now download the CD through my website www.outlookassociates.com. The cost of the CD to download is $19.95.

Staying Summer SafeJul 10, 2023 What does it mean to be Summer Safe? It means to be aware of not only your actions and healthy boundaries, but others as well. Creating a culture of safety wisdom starts by leading by example. If you make good choices, the people in your life will emulate those choices. Bridge Leadership Academy, in partnership with KCPD, want to share tips on how to keep our children safe during the summer. Top Tips for Neighborhood Safety 🏘 - Pick neighborhood boundaries using significant landmark - Regularly check to make sure your child remains inside the boundaries - Tell children which neighbors they may visit - Interact regularly with neighbors - Be aware of unfamiliar cars in the area and reinforce the "buddy system" Top Tips for Summer Safety ☀️ - Children should know their full name, address, and home phone/cell number - Teach children that adults shouldn’t approach kids for help or directions & to immediately tell a “friend” - Do not drop children off at malls, movie theaters, video arcades, or parks for unsupervised time - Never leave children unattended in automobiles - Tell children its OK to say “NO” to strangers Top Tips for Water Safety 🌊 - Supervise any children in or near pools, lakes, rivers, and beaches. A child can fall into a body of water in the blink of an eye. - Stay safe while boating by wearing a life jacket. Properly fitted life jackets can prevent drownings and should be worn at all times by everyone on any boat. - From the CDC: "Help prevent recreational water illnesses, which is illness caused by germs and chemicals found in the water we swim in. Keep the pee, poop, sweat, and dirt out of the water. Take kids on bathroom breaks and check diapers every hour, and change them in a bathroom or diaper-changing area–not poolside–to keep germs away from the pool." - Use copious amounts of sunscreen and check for signs of heat exhaustion: symptoms include heavy sweating, weakness or tiredness, cool, pale, clammy skin; fast, weak pulse, muscle cramps, dizziness, nausea or vomiting, headache, fainting. Set a good example! Staying Summer Safe is our community responsibility to one another.

Communication skills are important for professionals in any career, and people of all walks of life. Good communication helps us get our point across, share information, and listen to and understand others. Medical office administrators know the importance of effective communication, as they interact with patients, doctors, pharmacists, and suppliers on a regular basis. Here are some of the three most essential communication skills medical office administrators use on the job. Communicating with Patients One on One as an Administrator The ability to make patients feel at ease is an important hallmark of a professional with medical office administrator training. Because a medical office administrator will often be a patient’s first point of contact when they enter a clinic, hospital, or physiotherapist’s, their ability to greet a patient with warmth and professionalism is an important part of that patient’s first impression. When a medical office administrator greets a patient warmly, and attentively listens to concerns they might have, it helps put that patient at ease. Patients can sometimes feel stressed about their health, an upcoming test or test result, or the impact that their wellbeing might have on their loved ones. Knowing that they have a dedicated and attentive medical office administrator looking after their file will often give them an added sense of comfort during what can be a time of anxiety. Communication Skills When Answering Phones Whether it’s calling patients to book appointments or answering inbound calls, professionals with a medical office administrator diploma know how to communicate effectively over the phone. Medical office administrators are clear and concise when conveying information to patients, and make sure that the patient knows when and where their next appointment or test will take place, and if there are any preparations they should undertake beforehand. Making sure that a patient has fasted before an important procedure, or that they have a friend or family member to drive them home if necessary, means that a patient can feel fully prepared and ready for their appointment. Medical office administrators also know how to communicate without using inaccessible medical jargon when talking to patients. They make sure that they use language that is both accessible and understandable for patients who don’t have the medical knowledge and training of a medical office administrator. Medical Administrators Use Communication When Writing Reports Someone who has completed medical administrator courses in Ontario will have completed courses in anatomy and medical terminology. They will have a basic understanding of pharmacology and pathology, and will be able to listen to and communicate with doctors and other medical staff effectively and professionally. Their ability to write concise and accurate reports using this terminology ensures that doctors stay on top of new developments with their patients. What other communication skills do you think are important for medical office administrators?

Gas leaks: Everything You Need to Know! Gas leaks can pose a serious threat to your health and safety, and may even cause explosions or fires. Natural gas leaks are a common culprit and can result from faulty gas lines, appliances, or gas meters. In addition to the risk of fire or explosion, gas leaks can also lead to carbon monoxide poisoning. To protect yourself and your loved ones, it’s important to take steps to prevent gas leaks and keep your gas lines and appliances well-maintained. If you can smell gas in your home and suspect there may be a leak, immediately shut off the gas valve connected to the leaking gas appliance or pipe. Remember, natural gas leaks can happen due to incorrectly installed gas pipes and appliances, faulty maintenance, or damaged gas lines. If you think there is a gas leak, do not attempt to fix it yourself; contact your gas company or a licensed plumber to investigate and repair the leak. Taking precautions and regularly maintaining gas lines, gas meters, gas appliances, and gas stoves is key to preventing gas leaks and ensuring natural gas safety in your home or business. What is a Gas Leak? A gas leak occurs when natural gas escapes from gas pipes or a gas appliance, like a gas stove. Natural gas leaks pose significant risks to human and animal health due to the high concentration of methane, which causes carbon monoxide poisoning. To detect gas leaks, it is essential to install a carbon monoxide alarm and regularly check your gas pipes and appliances. If you suspect a gas leak, contact your gas company immediately for assistance in addressing the issue. Common Causes of Gas Leak If you are wondering what causes a gas leak, they are often caused by gas appliances that are not installed, maintained, or used properly, resulting in gas escaping from the appliance. Inadequate ventilation is also a common cause, as the build-up of carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide in a confined space can be dangerous. Here are some common gas appliances whose hoses can leak: - Gas heater, - Gas water heater, - Natural gas fridge. It is a common misconception that gas leak happens more often with higher natural gas usage. In reality, it is bad piping and bad installation that causes the leaks, not the usage itself. Even if you reduce natural gas use, you can still be exposed to danger. Additionally, faulty gas pipes or problems with indoor gas lines can cause gas leaks. The pilot light in a gas stove or heating system can ignite natural gas if it is not working correctly. Therefore, natural gas safety is of utmost importance to prevent natural gas leaks, which can lead to a range of health and safety risks from leaking gas, including carbon monoxide poisoning. Gas appliances such as stoves, ovens, dryers, and hot water heaters are some of the most common sources of gas leaks. If not installed or maintained properly, these appliances can leak natural gas and emit a gas leak smell. Moreover, gas appliances that do not burn the fuel completely can produce dangerous carbon monoxide, a poisonous gas. Make sure to regularly check your gas appliances, including the pilot light, to ensure that they function properly and do not pose a risk to your natural gas safety. Lack of Ventilation A lack of proper ventilation can be another cause of gas leaks in your home. Without proper ventilation, gas appliances can create an ongoing gas leak that can accumulate in your home and potentially cause carbon monoxide poisoning. In addition, a suspected gas leak can occur when there is not enough fresh air in your home to dilute the gas leak smell. Ensure your gas line is vented correctly and regularly maintain your ventilation system to prevent gas leaks and protect your natural gas safety. Gas Pipes Problem Gas pipes can be a significant source of gas leaks, whether they are damaged or have become old and corroded over time. A leak in your home can occur if your gas pipes are not maintained or installed properly. Natural gas can escape through damaged gas lines, and you may smell gas in your home as a result. It’s important to have your gas pipes checked and repaired regularly by a professional and to know where your gas meter is in case of a suspected gas leak. Indoor Gas Lines Indoor gas lines can also be a source of gas leaks. These lines can leak natural gas, which can cause a gas leak smell in your home. A suspected gas leak may occur if the indoor gas lines are not installed or maintained properly, or if the gas lines are not ventilated correctly. Make sure to have your indoor gas lines inspected regularly to prevent gas leaks and ensure your natural gas safety. Common Gases on Gas Leaks When it comes to gas leaks, some of the most common gasses that might escape from your gas pipelines or heating systems include natural gas, which is a fossil fuel often used for cooking and heating, and carbon monoxide, a colorless, odorless, and highly toxic gas. To prevent gas leaks, it’s important to regularly check your gas pipelines and appliances, install carbon monoxide detectors, and avoid using light switches and other electrical devices when you suspect a gas leak. If you have a gas furnace or other gas-powered appliance, it’s also essential to keep an eye on your gas meter and inspect your gas pipelines for any signs of damage or wear and tear. Dangers of Gas Leak A gas leak can pose serious risks, including fire, explosions, and carbon monoxide poisoning. Carbon monoxide, a colorless, odorless gas, is produced when natural gas doesn’t burn completely. It’s important to install a carbon monoxide detector in your home and to regularly check your gas-burning appliances for signs of wear and tear to prevent a natural gas leak. If you think there may be a gas leak in your home, leave immediately and contact your local gas company or fire department for assistance. Taking proactive steps to prevent gas leaks is crucial for the safety of you and your family. Signs of a Gas Leak A natural gas leak can be a serious safety hazard for you and your family. Natural gas is odorless, so gas companies add a chemical called mercaptan, which smells like rotten eggs, to give the gas its distinct odor. If you smell this gas leak smell, you should take immediate action to ensure your safety. Signs of a gas leak include: - the smell of gas, - a hissing or whistling sound near a gas line, - visibly damaged gas lines or meters, - dead or discolored vegetation around gas lines or water heaters, and - an increased gas bill without an apparent cause. If you suspect a gas leak, it’s important to evacuate the premises immediately and contact your local fire department or gas company. Natural gas is a greenhouse gas and poses a threat to your safety and the environment. It’s important to follow safety tips to prevent gas leaks, including proper installation and maintenance of gas-burning appliances, regular checks of gas lines, and installation of carbon monoxide detectors. If you smell gas or suspect that your house has leaking gas, you should immediately evacuate the area and contact the gas company or a licensed professional. It’s also important to understand that gas leaks are often the result of faulty equipment or pipes, which can lead to carbon monoxide poisoning. Therefore, it is crucial to have a carbon monoxide detector installed in your home to detect this odorless gas. By staying vigilant and taking immediate action if you detect a gas leak, you can protect your family from the dangers of a natural gas leak. How to Detect a Gas Leak? If you think there may be a natural gas leak in your home, quick detection is key to preventing a hazardous situation. The first sign of a gas leak is the smell of rotten eggs, which is added to the natural gas to help with detection. Another sign of a gas leak is a hissing sound coming from the natural gas line. You may also notice a visible cloud of dust or dead plants in the area of the leak. It’s important to note that natural gas is a fossil fuel and a greenhouse gas, which can pose a danger to both people and the environment. To prevent gas leaks, make sure to properly maintain your gas-burning appliances and get regular checks of your gas line from a licensed professional. If you suspect a gas leak in your home, leave the area immediately and contact your local fire department or gas company for assistance. One way to detect a gas leak is by looking for visible signs of damage to gas pipes or appliances. If you notice a dusty cloud or standing water around a gas line, it could indicate a rupture or leak. The flames on your appliances may also be yellow or orange instead of blue, indicating a gas leak. It is crucial to regularly check your gas pipes and appliances for signs of wear and tear and have them maintained by a registered engineer to prevent gas leaks. Natural gas is odorless, but a rotten egg odor is added to it before it enters your home, making it easier to detect gas leaks by smell. If you suspect a gas leak, you should investigate immediately and check for the presence of a rotten egg smell. If you detect this smell, you must take action immediately and turn off your gas supply using the shutoff valve. If the smell of gas is intense, you should leave your house and call your local utility company or a licensed plumber from a safe location. A hissing sound might indicate a gas leak from the appliance, gas meter, or gas pipe. It can be challenging to detect a hissing sound, so try to block out any other noise that could prevent you from hearing it. If you hear a hissing sound, turn off your gas supply using the shutoff valve and contact your local utility company or licensed plumber to investigate the source of the leak. Gas leaks can cause physical symptoms in people and animals. Exposure to natural gas can result in nausea, vomiting, headaches, dizziness, and even loss of consciousness. Carbon monoxide, a byproduct of natural gas, is odorless and colorless and can cause symptoms such as fatigue, headache, dizziness, confusion, and even death. It is essential to have a carbon monoxide detector installed in your home and to seek medical help immediately if you or someone in your household experiences these symptoms. Carbon Monoxide Poisoning Carbon monoxide poisoning can be life-threatening and often goes undetected, as carbon monoxide is colorless and odorless. Carbon monoxide poisoning symptoms include headache, dizziness, weakness, nausea, vomiting, chest pain, and confusion. In severe cases, it can lead to loss of consciousness or even death. Carbon monoxide is produced when fuel sources such as natural gas, propane, or gasoline do not completely burn, resulting in incomplete combustion. It’s crucial to install a carbon monoxide detector or alarm on every level of your home and regularly check them to ensure they are functioning correctly. If you or anyone in your household experiences symptoms of carbon monoxide poisoning, leave the building immediately and seek medical attention. Additionally, contact your local utility company or a qualified technician to inspect your gas appliances and heating systems to ensure they are not the source of carbon monoxide. Here are some common symptoms of carbon monoxide poisoning: - Dull headache, - Nausea or vomiting, - Shortness of breath, - Blurred vision, and - Loss of consciousness. A gas leak can also affect your utility bill. You may find that you are paying more than usual towards gas, even if your usage habits have not changed. Pay attention to your gas meter readings and account to ensure that they remain consistent with your usage. A sudden increase in your gas bill without an explanation could be a sign of a gas leak. Things You Should Do When You Think There’s a Gas Leak Detecting a gas leak is crucial to ensure natural gas safety. You must be aware of the signs of a gas leak and take the necessary measures to prevent gas leaks in your home, such as maintaining your gas appliances, regularly checking your gas pipes and shutoff valves, and installing a carbon monoxide detector. If you suspect a gas leak, you should act immediately and turn off your gas supply using the shutoff valve and call your local utility company or a licensed plumber for assistance. Things You Shouldn’t Do When You Think There’s a Gas Leak When you suspect a gas leak, there are several things you should avoid doing to prevent serious consequences. Do not ignite any flames or use any appliances or switches, as gas is highly flammable and can be a dangerous fuel source. Do not attempt to control the spread of gas or fix the issue yourself, as this can lead to serious injury or disease. Do not stay in the building immediately upon detecting a gas leak, and do not rely on open air to clear the gas from your home. Additionally, avoid using any other appliances or devices that may create sparks or flames, and call your local utility company or a licensed professional to handle the situation. - Don’t turn on any lights or electrical appliances, as the spark could ignite any gas in the air. - Don’t use matches or lighters to try to locate the source of the gas leak. - Don’t touch any electrical switches, including light switches and power buttons. - Don’t try to find the gas leak yourself. Leave it to the professionals. - Don’t attempt to fix the gas leak on your own. This is a job for a licensed professional. - Don’t use your cell phone or any other electronic device while in the area where the gas leak is suspected. - Don’t smoke or use any open flame in the area where the gas leak is suspected. - Don’t re-enter the building immediately after evacuating. Wait until the gas company or fire department declares it safe to do so. Things You Should Do After a Gas Leak Gas leaks can be a serious safety hazard, so it’s important to know what to do in case of a leak. Here are some steps you should take after a gas leak: - Evacuate the building immediately: If you smell gas or suspect a gas leak, leave the building immediately and move to a safe distance. - Call your gas company: Contact your local gas company or emergency services to report the leak. - Don’t use your cell phone or other electronic devices: Using a cell phone, tablet, or other electronic devices can create a spark that could ignite the gas. Instead, move away from the area and use a phone outside. - Turn off the gas: If you know how, turn off the gas supply to the affected area, such as the valve on your water heater. - Open windows and doors: After evacuating the building, you can open doors and windows to allow fresh air in and to help clear out any remaining gas. - Don’t smoke or use open flames: Never use lighters, matches, or any other device that could create a spark or flame. This includes any electrical switches and appliances. - Don’t touch anything that could create a spark: This includes light switches, phones, thermostats, and even doorbells. - Stay away from any dust clouds or areas with standing water: Gas can settle in these areas, increasing the risk of ignition. Preventing a Gas Leak The best way to prevent gas leaks is by following some simple safety tips. These include regularly maintaining your gas lines and appliances, installing carbon monoxide alarms, and learning how to detect a gas leak. Additionally, here are some ways to prevent gas leaks: - Hire a licensed professional to install gas appliances and maintain gas lines. - Regularly inspect gas lines, appliances, and heating systems for any signs of wear and tear. - Install carbon monoxide alarms on every level of your home. - Know the signs of a gas leak and how to detect them. - Be cautious when using gas appliances and always turn off the gas when not in use. - Never attempt to repair a gas line or appliance on your own. Always contact a licensed professional. - Keep the area around gas lines and appliances free from clutter and debris. - Know the location of your gas shutoff valve and how to use it in case of a gas leak. How Common is a Gas Leak? Gas leaks can occur for a variety of reasons, but they are not uncommon. According to the American Gas Association, there are over 70 million residential, commercial, and industrial natural gas customers in the United States, and natural gas is used extensively around the world. While gas leaks are not an everyday occurrence, they can happen, and it’s important to be prepared. Can a Slow Gas Leak make you Sick? Yes, a slow gas leak can make you sick. Even low-level exposure to natural gas or its byproducts, such as carbon monoxide, can lead to symptoms like headaches, dizziness, nausea, and fatigue. Prolonged exposure to natural gas can also have serious health consequences, so it’s important to take any suspected gas leak seriously and take steps to prevent and address it. Can You Leak Gas Without Knowing? Yes, you can leak gas without knowing. Natural gas is odorless, so gas companies add a chemical called mercaptan to it to give it a distinctive, rotten egg odor that makes it easier to detect gas leaks. However, if a gas leak occurs outside, or if you have a cold or allergy that affects your sense of smell, you may not notice the gas leak smell. Additionally, slow leaks that don’t cause an obvious odor or physical symptoms can be harder to detect. What Causes Gas Explosions in Houses? Gas explosions in houses can occur for a variety of reasons, including gas leaks, faulty gas lines, and gas appliances that are not installed or maintained properly. When natural gas or propane builds up in a confined space and comes into contact with an ignition source, such as a spark or flame, it can explode. That’s why it’s so important to practice natural gas safety and take steps to prevent gas leaks and other potential hazards. Gas leaks can pose serious health and safety risks, and it’s important to take all necessary precautions to prevent them. Regular maintenance of gas lines and appliances, installation of carbon monoxide detectors, and knowing how to detect a gas leak can help to minimize the risk of gas leaks in your home. Remember that if you suspect a gas leak, it’s important to act quickly and follow proper safety measures, including avoiding any sources of ignition and contacting your local gas company or fire department. With these tips and a better understanding of gas leaks, you can stay safe and secure in your home.

In 1947, New York City was able to avoid an epidemic of Smallpox. Unfortunately, the world hasn’t been so lucky this time around. Here are 8 health scares that occurred during the Cold War, some very different from the pandemic we’re facing in 2020. #1: Small Pox (1947) According to a post on Ephemeral New York (March 16, 2020), an American named Eugene Le Bar hopped on a bus in Mexico that was bound for Maine. Soon after boarding, he developed a headache and neck pain. Two days later he broke out in a rash. Le Bar got off the bus in New York, checked into a midtown hotel and, despite not feeling well, went out sightseeing with his wife. Four days later he was in Bellevue Hospital. Soon after, he was transferred to Willard Parker Hospital, a facility that specialized in communicable diseases. He died there on March 10, and during an autopsy doctors discovered that he had smallpox. The disease spread to two other people, and then to a dozen more. The city took speedy action. First, hospital workers and anyone who had come in contact with the infected individuals were vaccinated or revaccinated. On April 4, New York’s mayor (William O’Dwyer) ordered that the entire city of 6.3 million people be vaccinated or revaccinated. New York didn’t have enough vaccine, so millions of vaccines were quickly manufactured. A second person died on April 10, spurring the vaccination or revaccination of another 1.3 million people. The city’s slogan became: “Be sure, be safe, be vaccinated.” In early May, the vaccination program was halted because the outbreak appeared to be contained. We’ll have to wait and see what May brings this time around. #2: Polio (1950s) Suspicions and conspiracy theories regarding vaccines have been around as long as vaccines themselves because they are a powerful and, frankly, a scary technology. They are based on placing a version of an often grave disease in the human body, to build up an immune response. In this sense, they carry the potential to create illness instead of preventing it. Most importantly, they are usually administered to a population that is most vulnerable in a physical, social and cultural sense . . . Suspicions about the development and introduction of live polio vaccines in the 1950s have not only appeared retrospectively. The development of what became the tool of the current global polio eradication campaign was beset by distrust in scientific achievements and worries about intentional harm. Russian scientists feared that the Sabin vaccine and its trial in the Soviet Union was part of an American plot to sterilize or kill Soviet children by the millions, while American virologists were suspicious of the Russian claims regarding vaccine safety and efficacy based on field trials. Want to learn more? Check out our guest post by Dora Varga, a lecturer in medical humanities at the University of Exeter. The above information is drawn from that post. #3: ASIAN FLU (1956-1958) Death Toll: 2 million Asian Flu was a pandemic outbreak of Influenza A of the H2N2 subtype, that originated in China in 1956 and lasted until 1958. In its two-year spree, Asian Flu traveled from the Chinese province of Guizhou to Singapore, Hong Kong, and the United States. Estimates for the death toll of the Asian Flu vary depending on the source, but the World Health Organization places the final tally at approximately 2 million deaths, 69,800 of those in the US alone. (https://www.mphonline.org/worst-pandemics-in-history/) For a first hand account of the ‘Asian Flu Epidemic’, you can check out Sally Edelstein’s blog post. It’s full of visuals that give you a first hand look at the press coverage at the time. #4: Agent Orange (1960s) Long a practice range for the US Navy, forests on the Isla de Vieques off the coast of Puerto Rico were also used to test the effects of Agent Orange, a defoliant used in Southeast Asia during the Vietnam War. Studies show that the incidence of cancer among the island’s population is 26% higher than in the rest of Puerto Rico, and the island’s children register high levels of mercury and lead. In South Vietnam, the President Ngo Dinh Diem was a strong proponent of using herbicidal warfare as a key component of counterinsurgency strategy. Over 1.3 million acres were sprayed in 1968 alone. As late as 2010, many decades after the war, the question of the long-term effects of exposure to Agent Orange on human health remained controversial. Some scientists have observed a spike in the number of birth defects and stillbirths in areas known to have been heavily sprayed, but others have criticized the methodology used for studies. The government of Vietnam says that 4 million of its citizens were exposed to Agent Orange, and as many as 3 million have suffered illnesses because of it. While the US government has challenged these figures as unreliable, the government has documented higher cases of leukemia, Hodgkin’s lymphoma, and various kinds of cancer in exposed US veterans. By April 1993, the Department of Veterans Affairs had compensated only 486 victims out of 39,419 claims by soldiers who had been exposed to Agent Orange while serving in Vietnam. Agent Orange was also used in Laos and Cambodia. #5: FLU PANDEMIC (1968) Death Toll: 1 million A category 2 Flu pandemic sometimes referred to as “the Hong Kong Flu,” the 1968 flu pandemic was caused by the H3N2 strain of the Influenza A virus, a genetic offshoot of the H2N2 subtype. From the first reported case on July 13, 1968 in Hong Kong, it took only 17 days before outbreaks of the virus were reported in Singapore and Vietnam, and within three months it had spread to The Philippines, India, Australia, Europe, and the United States. While the 1968 pandemic had a comparatively low mortality rate (.5%) it still resulted in the deaths of more than a million people, including 500,000 residents of Hong Kong, approximately 15% of its population at the time. (https://www.mphonline.org/worst-pandemics-in-history/) #6: HIV/AIDS (First identified in 1976) Death Toll: 36 million First identified in the Democratic Republic of the Congo in 1976, HIV/AIDS has truly proven itself as a global pandemic, killing more than 36 million people since 1981. Currently there are between 31 and 35 million people living with HIV. The vast majority of those are in Sub-Saharan Africa, where 5% of the population is infected, roughly 21 million people. As awareness has grown, new treatments have been developed that make HIV far more manageable, and many of those infected go on to lead productive lives. Between 2005 and 2012 the annual global deaths from HIV/AIDS dropped from 2.2 million to 1.6 million. (https://www.mphonline.org/worst-pandemics-in-history/) For a personal account of life during the AIDS crisis you might want to read this article in YES Magazine. It’s titled Love in the Time of Coronavirus: A Reflection on the HIV/AIDS Epidemic. #7: Love Canal (1978) Watch the video below for a good history of the Love Canal disaster and ramifications. If you’re like me you like to take the easy way out sometimes, and I thought the easy way to learn about Chernobyl would be to watch the 5 part series on HBO. The important thing here – and one I didn’t always remember – is that this is a fictionalized recounting with not much to glean that’s actually accurate. Here are some more factual things you should know: - The Chernobyl disaster was a nuclear accident that occurred on Saturday, April 26, 1986, at the No. 4 nuclear reactor in the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant, near the city of Pripyat in the north of the Ukrainian SSR. - According to the official, internationally recognised death toll, just 31 people died as an immediate result of Chernobyl. The UN estimates that 50 deaths can be directly attributed to the disaster. In 2005, it predicted a further 4,000 might eventually die as a result of the radiation exposure. (For more information you might want to read the BBC’s assessment of The True Toll of the Chernobyl Disaster. You can read it here.) - According to an article in Wired (May 13, 2019), The Chernobyl Disaster May Have Also Built A Paradise. According to the article, “some scientists think the radioactive, human-free landscape might now be a haven for plants and animals.” You can read that article here. You still might want to watch the HBO series to pick up on life in the Soviet Union at the time, and the atmospherics of the disaster. Just don’t use the information presented there in your research or on an exam. Can you think of other scares? Let us know in the comments section below. I thought of the Bhopal disaster in India a bit too late for this post. (You can read about it on Wikipedia here.) The photo by Amit Gupta (Flickr) is of the Smallpox Hospital on Roosevelt Island in New York City. It was abandoned in the middle of the last century.

Environmental effects on radiation survivability of deinococcus radiodurans To understand the possible environmental interactions of uranium with the radioresistant bacterium Deinococcus radiodurans we have characterized its sorption complex chemically and spectroscopically. The binding strength, pH sorption edge, selective blocking of cell-surface functional groups, and competition with known complexors support laser fluorescence and infrared spectroscopic data indicating that a carboxyl surface group, consistent with known characteristics of D. radiodurans' S-layer, interacts with and binds the uranium.Although its high survivability in gamma radiation fields has been well studied, the effects of alpha particles from uranium bound to its surface may affect its survivability and interaction with the environment. Using Helium and Nitrogen nuclei cyclotron beams to mimic the effect of typical actinide alpha particles, we explored the ability of D. radiodurans to survive ion irradiation. In addition, a Co-60 gamma source was used to study the effects of environmental conditions on survivability.

Reads a record from a relative file, or a sequence of bytes from a binary file, into a variable. See also: PUT Statement Get [#]fileNum, [recordNum|filePos], variable fileNum: Any integer expression that determines the file number. recordNum: For files opened in Random mode, recordNum is the number of the record that you want to read. For files opened in Binary mode, filePos is the byte position in the file where the reading starts. If recordNum and filePos are omitted, the current position or the current data record of the file is used. variable: Name of the variable to be read. With the exception of object variables, you can use any variable type.

35% of Americans get less than 7 hours of sleep a night, which is the recommended amount. You may be one of the Americans who are sacrificing a good night’s rest to spend more hours at the office. But you may be doing more damage to your body than you might think. Here’s what else lack of sleep can do to you, besides give you sleep-deprived eyes. One of the most obvious things you’ll suffer from with a lack of sleep is fatigue. When you have low energy, it’ll be hard to tackle anything in life. This can take its toll on your relationships, whether it’s with your wife, kids, or coworkers. You may be too tired to do anything with them, much less pay full attention to them. It can also cause you to be unsafe while driving or operating any heavy machinery. A lack of sleep means a lack of focus. It may also cause your quality of work to drop. Sleep Deprivation and Blood Pressure When you don’t get enough sleep over a long enough period of time, it can start to affect your blood pressure. More specifically, if you don’t get enough sleep, both your heart rate and blood pressure will increase. If you frequently and constantly are sleep deprived, then this can lead to both organ damage and cardiovascular diseases. Both can inadvertently affect other parts of your life, such as sexual performance. The sleep deprivation itself may already affect your libido. Sleep Deprivation and Brain Damage Not only can sleep deprivation negatively affect your cardiovascular system, but also your nervous system. When you have a chronic lack of sleep, this can affect neuron health. Also, do you ever get insomnia brain, which involves fogginess and lack of concentration? This is because your brain can’t function right in the day without adequate rest. Parts that need to be activated aren’t (for short-term memory), and parts that need to be turned off are still on (that affect mind wandering). Can Lack of Sleep Cause Diarrhea? This may seem like a strange and silly question; surely the answer would be “no.” However, it seems like bad sleep quality can in fact contribute to gastrointestinal (GI) problems, including diarrhea. Other possible GI symptoms include feeling of blockage, nausea, pain, and swallowing difficulties. Prevent Sleep-Deprived Eyes and More by Increasing Your Hours Asleep As you can see, a lack of sleep can do more than give you sleep-deprived eyes. From anything such as cardiovascular disease to brain damage and even diarrhea, it’s plain to see that sleep deprivation is only detrimental to both your physical and mental health. So stop sacrificing your health for the sake of getting more work done. Once you get enough sleep, you’ll be able to enjoy better moods, sex life, and health. And if you’re having trouble staying and/or falling asleep, make sure to consult with a doctor to get to the room of your problems. That way, you can get back to good quality sleep and better health. Do you want to get started on the road to revitalizing your health? Then get in touch with us now.

Mathematical models are used to develop systems. Many books titled "systems engineering" were published towards the end of the 20th century. Since the turn of the 21st century, the term " Data Science" has become a common word. The mathematical model of the system that appears in "system engineering" is almost the same as the mathematical model that appears in data science. In data science, Machine Learning models are famous, and others are not often introduced. On the other hand, mathematical models of systems are mainly mathematical models that are useful when incorporated into systems, but there are also mathematical models that are useful when investigating and examining systems. There are two classification, "Dynamic or Static", " Linear or Non-linear ", and " Direct problem and Inverse problem ". Static is that the system do not depend on the time axis. Usually, dynamic model is written with ordinary differential equations. Differentiation is the model of time dependence. Control Engineering is developed as a study of dynamic system. In control engineering, dynamic linear system is a main. Dynamic non-linear system is studied in Chaos . Regression Analysis is popular. "Functionality" of Quality Engineering means static linear system. NEXT Control EngineeringTweet

In the last couple of years, Lebanon endured multiple crises, including increasing political instability, an economic and currency collapse, the Covid-19 global pandemic, and a massive explosion in the capital’s port. These crises had a major and serious effect on the basic rights and needs of the country’s residents. “Weekly grocery bills can equal months of a typical family’s income. Banks are refusing to let people withdraw money. Basic medicines are often unavailable, and gas-station lines can last hours. Every day, many homes lack electricity.” That is how the New York Times portrayed the humanitarian catastrophe Lebanon is enduring, due to the economic and financial meltdown that the World Bank described as possibly one of the top three most severe crises episodes globally since the mid-nineteenth century. How did this happen? The Lebanese lira has lost more than 90% of its value since October 2019, when anti-government protests erupted. Inflation and prices of basic goods have skyrocketed in the country, which imports more than 80% of its basic goods. As the country’s economic and political crisis worsens with no apparent solutions in the near future, the currency continues to lose value. This devaluation of the Lebanese lira is disproportionately affecting the poor and middle class. According to the World Bank, the social impact, already dire, could become catastrophic; more than half the country’s population is likely below the poverty line. And like poverty, unemployment is on the rise. Lebanon has witnessed a dramatic collapse in basic services, driven by depleting foreign exchange reserves and the high cost of the foreign exchange import subsidies on food, fuel, and medication. Acute shortages of fuel have led to severe electricity blackouts across the country. Further, medication is in severe shortage, while health services have suffered heavily. In addition, the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic was especially severe on Lebanon’s already vulnerable economy, that relied heavily on tourism. And on top of all that, a massive explosion hit Lebanon’s capital, Beirut, in August 2020, killing over 200 people, injuring more than 6000, and leaving 300,000 people without shelter. Residents of Lebanon, including the Lebanese population, in addition to approximately 1.5 million refugees from neighboring country Syria, are grappling with multiple challenges, caused by the economic and financial meltdown, the political deadlock, as well as the disastrous impacts of the August 2020 blast in Beirut, the COVID-19 pandemic, and the ongoing war in Syria. These challenges spread across all sectors including education, health, shelter, food security and nutrition, water and sanitation, child protection, protection against gender-based violence, and unfortunately much more. Therefore, it is crucial that Lebanon and its residents receive any form of support possible, so that they may pick up the pieces and restore the country’s former image as one of the Middle East’s cultural gems. The Beirut Foundation calls upon individual and corporate donors, as well as international institutions, to stand with Lebanon in its darkest hour.this

Trendings of industrialJWinsulators Among the most vulnerable links in a power network are points of interaction between live equipment and wildlife such as birds and scavenging carnivores. Taken together, these creatures present a constant threat to the safe operation of assets. Indeed, the global economy is said to suffer huge losses each year due to sudden power disruptions and up to 12 percent of these are estimated to be due to wildlife intrusion. If outages classified as ‘source unknown’ are factored in, the impact is greater still since many of these also link to wildlife. Moreover, this risk is only growing given the focus on lowering costs, saving space and making electrical infrastructure less visible through compaction – in the process reducing distances that need to be breached to create faults. A number of factors are driving growing interest in applying wildlife protective devices at vulnerable substations. One, of course, is the universal goal of maintaining high system reliability. Another relates to the consequences of animal interaction with energized structures, which are not just power interruptions but also damage to expensive assets. Industry sources claim that such risk at substations could be reduced by 80 per cent through selective application of well-designed wildlife protection products. Yet another factor behind the interest in wildlife mitigation products relates to the potential for fines should protected species be electrocuted during phase-to-phase or phase-to-ground contacts. Raptors, for example, typically have wingspans that place them at elevated risk of being in contact with energized equipment. This can become a problem at substations where clearances are determined by required flashover performance and not by the wingspans of local birds. Wildlife protection devices being offered have different designs and are made from a variety of polymeric materials. One of the keys to good performance is fit. Since power arcs travel through air, the gap between creature and live fitting is critical. Any crack or seam in a protective covering could allow the arc through and the higher the voltage the greater this risk. Wildlife behavior also requires good fit for best results. For example, bird nesting at substations attracts cats, snakes and other predators that can dislodge loose-fitting covers as they push to the nest. They get electrocuted and the result is a costly outage. Materials themselves are also important. All animal protection products start with a problem that must be addressed. But users need to be certain that whatever is being applied does not cause more problems than it resolves. For example, materials used must be fire-resistant and one of the goals behind IEEE guidelines for their application has been to assure that wildlife protection devices do not themselves create problems over the long-term. One of the considerations when it comes to composition of materials used in these products is suitability to an outdoor environment of electric field and persistent high UV. Materials must be inert and resistant to tracking and erosion since they will face the same stresses as insulators, including dry band formation that can leave carbonized dots on their surface. Users are therefore advised to look at the tracking and erosion performance as well as UV test data for any wildlife protection device they consider installing. This is the only way to be sure these products will survive for years in a potentially hostile service environment. It is also essential to ensure that whatever latches attach devices to the equipment they protect must not deteriorate. If that happens, the devices can break off or shift under wind, exposing the live ends of equipment to contact by wildlife. In the past, wildlife protection devices were often made from inexpensive PVC or EPDM. But more recent years have seen more robust polymers such as EVA, silicone rubber or blends of polyurea that are better suited for power industry applications. These are offered as extruded sheets that can be cut in templates to fit whatever equipment is being protected or pre-molded in the factory to specific shapes. Apart from material, which has to be durable enough to last at least 10 to 20 years in the case of a substation, another key element of wildlife protection devices is speed and effectiveness of application. The former is especially important if scheduling an outage is needed to install them. For example, designing protective devices for custom fit not only maximizes performance but can also translate into lower installation times. Hotsticks have now been developed that allow wildlife protection covers to be put up with the equipment energized. Indeed, the difficulty in scheduling an outage has been one of the reasons why many substations remain unprotected against wildlife intrusion. The clear trend is therefore toward wildlife protection devices that can be installed without de-energizing the equipment. Suppliers of wildlife protection devices must ideally co-operate with the customer to develop a ‘site protection plan’ to identify potential problem areas and customize the solution in each case. Another trend in this business is growing sales of wildlife protection devices directly to manufacturers of transformers, arresters, re-closers, etc., so that such equipment is already equipped with these at time of purchase. End users should always take care, however, since factory-installed caps can sometimes be sourced from companies with little experience in wildlife protection and may be made of materials that will not stand up many years in a demanding service environment. Utilities may therefore wish to work with their OEM suppliers of such equipment to specify exactly what they will need when it comes to factory-installed wildlife protective devices. Those in the wildlife protection business claim that there are few if any alternative solutions to covering up equipment where clearances are most at risk. Instead, the real alternatives to improved wildlife protection of equipment rely on restoration schemes and relays or reconfiguring structures to achieve extra spacing between phases and phase-to-ground – solutions that can prove costly and take time. The consensus is therefore that reducing the problem of wildlife interaction with power infrastructure can most practically be accomplished by covering exposed equipment at substations with specialized protection products. Case Study: Protecting Substations Against Wildlife Intrusion Glenmore and Recreation Substations in Kelowna, British Columbia offer example of substations that have encountered wildlife problems over the years. Glenmore, built decades ago, is bordered on one side by a busy thoroughfare with lots of traffic, making it seem an unlikely candidate for such issues. Yet its rear faces a forested mountain ridge and trail where there are populations of squirrels and other rodents. This in turn has attracted large birds of prey with wingspans that easily bridge clearances. In 2008 and again in 2012 and 2013, for example, contact by squirrels with energized bushings caused serious damage to breakers. Apart from this, birds were found electrocuted alongside potential transformers (PTs). While smaller than local raptors, they nevertheless had wingspans long enough to bridge the clearances of this equipment. Engineers at the affected utility have identified Glenmore and Recreation Substations as examples of facilities that could benefit from greater installation of protective wildlife covers. These facilities have also been selected for evaluation of other solutions to mitigate impact of wildlife intrusion, such as protecting conductors and live fittings as much as possible to reduce risk of phase-to-ground or phase-to-phase faults. They have also studied the possible role of devices intended to discourage creatures from even entering. Each station was equipped with special ultrasonic noise emitters to frighten small animals. Since rodents such as mice and squirrels hear at a frequency above 20 kHz, the noise emitted is inaudible to the human ear. Two different options have been studied – an indoor version intended to keep mice and rats from establishing nests in control rooms and enclosed equipment and outdoor versions meant to keep squirrels and other small animals from approaching equipment such as transformers.

- The Baha’i Faith - Australian Baha’i Community - What Baha’is Do - Building vibrant communities - Engaging in social and economic development - Participating in public discourse. - Spiritual life Who is Baha’u’llah Throughout history God’s teachings have been revealed by Divine Messengers to humanity in accordance with the needs of the time and place, and the capacity of the listeners. These great religious figures – such as Krishna, Buddha, Zoroaster, Abraham, Moses, Jesus, Muhammad, and the Bab, the Herald of the Baha’i Faith – reflect the qualities of God like a well-polished mirror reflects the light of the sun. The teachings of these figures, all recognised by Baha’is as Manifestations of God, have been the impetus for many advances in human civilisation. Baha’u’llah, meaning the “Glory of God”, was born in 1817 and is the most recent of these Divine Messengers. He endured 40 years of imprisonment and exile for bringing a new Revelation to humanity. His Teachings are in harmony with those of the Divine Messengers throughout history. He wrote many passages and books about the spiritual and social principles needed to construct a peaceful and just global civilisation, appropriate to the dawning of humanity’s age of maturity. His Writings form the scriptures of the Baha’i Faith. In April 1890, Professor Edward Granville Browne of Cambridge University visited Baha’u’llah. He wrote of their meeting: “The face of Him on Whom I gazed I can never forget, though I cannot describe it. Those piercing eyes seemed to read one’s very soul; power and authority sat on that ample brow… No need to ask in whose presence I stood, as I bowed myself before one who is the object of a devotion and love which kings might envy and emperors sigh for in vain.”

Different cultures and communities around the world celebrate Ramadan and Eid al-Fitr in their own unique ways. Some families would prepare traditional meals, while others go to the mosque for special prayers. Some would also choose to decorate their homes, or give gifts to loved ones. Set a schedule: Plan ahead and set a schedule for your daily activities during Ramadan, including time for prayer, Quran reading, and charity. Reflect: Take time during Ramadan to reflect on the blessings in your life and to be grateful for them. Be mindful of your actions: Avoid engaging in sinful behavior, such as lying, stealing, and engaging in gossip. Spend time with loved ones: Gather with family and friends to break the fast each evening, and make plans to celebrate Eid al-Fitr together. Share the joy: Reach out to those who may be alone Make time for charity: Ramadan is a time of giving and charity, so make sure you are doing your part to help those in need. This can be done through Zakat (obligatory charity), Sadaqah (voluntary charity) or other forms of giving. Try to increase your Ibadah (worship) during Ramadan, try to read more Quran, perform more voluntary prayers, and make dua (supplications) Keep a journal: Keeping a journal during Ramadan can be a great way to reflect on your spiritual progress and to remember the lessons you've learned. Take advantage of the last 10 days: The last 10 days of Ramadan are considered the most holy days of the month, try to make the most of it by increasing your worship and making sincere repentance. Learn about the customs and traditions of different cultures: Ramadan and Eid al-Fitr are celebrated by Muslims all around the world, learning about the customs and traditions of different cultures can give you a broader perspective on the holiday and make it more meaningful. Dress nicely: It's traditional to dress nicely on Eid, so make sure to wear your best clothes. Attend Eid prayer: Make sure to attend the Eid prayer at the mosque, it's a great way to start the day and to feel the spirit of the occasion. Give Zakat al-Fitr: Before Eid, Muslims are obligated to give Zakat al-Fitr, it's a form of charity given to the poor to help them celebrate Eid. Spend time with family and friends: Gather with your loved ones and enjoy a traditional Eid meal together. Exchange gifts: exchange gifts with family and friends, it's a great way to show appreciation and spread the joy of the occasion. Make dua: Make dua (supplications) for yourself, your loved ones and the Muslim ummah. Be grateful: Reflect on the past month, and be grateful for the blessings and the lessons you have learned. It's important to note that these are general tips and suggestions, and that everyone's experience of Ramadan and Eid al-Fitr will be different. The most important thing is to approach these observances with an open heart and a willingness to learn and grow.

Boys experience their biggest growth spurt between the ages of 12 and 15, growing as much as four inches per year. However, after this initial growth spurt, boys continue to gain height at a slower pace until around 18. Factors such as genetics, nutrition, overall health, and medical conditions can all affect growth. It’s important for parents and teenagers to understand when boys stop growing to make informed decisions about clothing and furniture purchases and to set realistic expectations. Some kids may stop growing earlier or later than others, but the average boy will stop growing around age 18. Do Boys Grow Until 21? Many parents and teenagers wonder if boys continue to grow until the age of 21. While it’s true that boys go through a growth spurt during puberty, it’s important to understand that this growth spurt doesn’t last forever. When Do Boys Stop Growing? According to the American Academy of Pediatrics, boys typically experience their biggest growth spurt between the ages of 12 and 15. During this time, they can grow as much as 4 inches per year. However, after their early teenage growth spurt, boys continue gaining height at a gradual pace until around 18. Note that some kids will stop growing earlier and others may keep growing a year or two more. This variation is normal, but the average boy will stop growing around age 18. Factors That Affect Growth There are several factors that can affect how tall a boy will grow. Genetics play a big role in determining height, as well as nutrition and overall health. Boys who have a well-balanced diet and get plenty of exercise are more likely to reach their full potential height. On the other hand, boys who have poor nutrition or health issues may not grow as tall as they could have. It’s also important to note that some medical conditions can affect growth. For example, boys with growth hormone deficiencies may not grow as tall as their peers. If you’re concerned about your son’s growth, it’s always a good idea to talk to his pediatrician. Why Is This Information Important? Knowing when boys typically stop growing can be helpful for a few reasons. For one, it can help parents and teenagers understand what to expect during puberty. It can also help them make informed decisions about things like clothing and furniture purchases. If you’re buying a bed or desk for your teenage son, for example, it’s important to consider how tall he is likely to be when he stops growing. Additionally, understanding when boys stop growing can help teenagers set realistic expectations for themselves. It’s common for teenagers to compare themselves to their peers and worry about things like height. By understanding that growth is a gradual process that typically stops around age 18, teenagers can focus on other aspects of their lives without feeling like they’re falling behind. While it’s true that boys go through a growth spurt during puberty, they typically stop growing around age 18. However, it’s important to remember that every child is different, and some may stop growing earlier or later than others. If you’re concerned about your son’s growth, talk to his pediatrician to make sure he’s on track. References for « Do boys grow until 21? » - NHS: How can I help my child to grow taller? - Medical News Today: When do boys stop growing? - Healthline: When do boys stop growing? - Verywell Family: When Do Boys Stop Growing? - World Health Organization: Child Growth Standards A video on this subject that might interest you: #BoysGrowth #GrowthSpurt #Puberty #TeenageBoys #HeightIncrease TO READ THIS LATER, SAVE THIS IMAGE ON YOUR PINTEREST:

March is Women’s History Month During this month we typically acknowledge and honor women who have positively distinguished themselves and made a difference in people’s lives. Few women can do that as powerfully as those who are presidents and prime ministers. Yet until less than a hundred years ago, the women who ruled their countries were from monarchies, that is, they inherited their queenly positions. But not all queens were actual rulers of their kingdoms. Some were the propitious ceremonial heads of state while a parliament handled the lawmaking (as it with England’s Queen Elizabeth). But, whether ruling or ceremonial, the queens of monarchies had power. Not until the 1940’s did the world have its first female president, Khertek Anchimaa-Toka, a Chinese woman. She was the first woman head of state who didn’t inherit her office. Anchimaa-Tok ruled the People’s Republic of Tannu Tuva from 1940-44. She served until Tuva became part of the Soviet Union in 1944 and Anchimaa-Tok’s position was eliminated. Here are some interesting “firsts” for women heads of state: - Isabel Martínez de Perón of Argentina was the first western woman who was a head of state and not part of a royal family. She was the vice-president when her spouse, Juan Peron, was president. When he died, she became president and served from 1974– 1976. Sadly, she was arrested for corruption. - Sirimavo Bandaranaike was the first elected prime minister of Ceylon (which became, during her tenure, Sri Lanka). She ran for office after her spouse, the prime minister, was assassinated. She served from 1960 to 1965, when she was defeated. However, in the late 1960′s, she decided to run for office again and was reelected. On her second time around, Bandaranaike served from 1970-1977, when she was again defeated in a national election. - Indira Ghandi was India’s first female prime minister, and the daughter of India’s first prime minister, Jawaharlal Nehru. Ghandi was also the longest serving prime minister. She held office from 1966-1977 and again from 1980-1984. - Vigdís Finnbogadóttir was Iceland’s and the world’s first elected female president who did not follow a father or husband into office. She was the country’s fourth president and served from 1980-1986. - Margaret Thatcher was Britain’s first woman prime minister and the first woman to lead a major western power, which she did from 1979-1990. Her legacy is that she ruled Parliament with an iron fist, and thus got the name “Iron Lady.” Note: She was recently portrayed by Meryl Streep in the The Iron Lady. - Mary Robinson was the first female president of Ireland and served from 1990-1997. Mary McAleese succeeded her, from 1997- 2011. McAleese is the first woman president born in Northern Ireland and the first ever to succeed another female president; Robinson and McAleese are the seventh and eighth presidents of Ireland. - Jóhanna Sigurdardóttir, prime minister of Iceland since 2009, is the first lesbian world leader. After a long marriage with two children, Sigurdardótti divorced and started a civil union with a female partner. When Iceland legalized same-sex marriage, Sigurdardótti was still in office and she and her partner were one of Iceland’s first same-sex married couples. - Angela Merkel is the first woman to hold Germany’s highest office. Chancellor Merkel has been instrumental in the management of the European Union’s financial crisis and, in a fashion similar to Margaret Thatcher, is known as a take-charge woman. Some consider her to be the most powerful woman in the world.

The health of your teeth and gums may not seem as vital as that of, say, your heart or your brain. But the fact is, oral health is directly linked to great overall health. If your mouth’s not healthy, that has the potential to affect other parts of your body. In this blog post, we’ll talk about the potential link between gum disease and Alzheimer’s disease. Gingivitis & Alzheimer’s When the bacteria associated with gum disease, or gingivitis, enters the bloodstream and makes its way to other parts of the body, it has potential to cause even bigger problems. Recent studies have shown that there may be a connection between gum disease and Alzheimer’s, a devastating disease that causes permanent loss of memory and other brain function. Researchers found the bacteria related to gum disease in the brain tissue of a sampling of patients with Alzheimer’s. The scientists believe that this bacteria, when it reaches the brain, prompts an immune response, thereby killing brain cells, and putting the individual at risk of developing dementia. Other Effects of Gum Disease While the link between oral hygiene and dementia has yet to be conclusively proven, it’s just another reason to work to prevent gum disease. In addition to causing things like bad breath, pain, and irreversible damage to your teeth, gum disease has been linked to other serious conditions. Gingivitis bacteria has been associated with stroke and heart disease, and gum disease has been shown to worsen diabetes. Let Us Help You Prevent Gum Disease Here at Reen Chung, DDS, we have the tools and knowledge needed to help our patients avoid gingivitis and its potentially devastating effects. With a great oral care routine and two trips to the dentist a year, you’ll be well on your way to a healthy mouth. Contact us today to set up your next appointment.Contact Us

The COVID-19 crisis is impacting mental health of citizens, and technology is often used to help alleviate the stress and anxiety, caused by the pandemic itself or the measures of prevention (i.e., self-isolation, quarantine, or lockdown). This habit is not always harmless, and although for the vast majority ICT use should not be pathologised, a subgroup of vulnerable individuals are at risk of developing problematic usage patterns. IAP YPL alumna Biljana Gjoneska, a Research Associate at the Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, recently co-authored an article about this issue. Published by Comprehensive Psychiatry Journal, the article entitled “Preventing problematic internet use during the COVID-19 pandemic: Consensus guidance” discusses these risks and makes some practical recommendations that may help diminish them. We asked her two questions regarding her work. Why is this issue relevant? The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the importance of behavioral and mental health sciences. They complement the medical and pharmaceutical sciences, compensating for the lack of effective prevention (vaccine) or treatment (medicines), by offering safe guidelines for collective behavioral adjustments, and ultimately acting as safeguards of our health One of the main recommendations, voiced universally by all relevant health and governmental bodies, is that for physical or spatial distancing. Internet becomes a main enabler of this behavioral adjustment, providing people with means for distant socializing, while remaining physically distanced from each other. Furthermore, Internet also compensates (partially or substantially) for the professional, economical and cultural losses, incurred to the individuals and societies. However, the Internet use in its essence represents rewarding and reinforcing behavior, so it comes with its own set of challenges. Namely, the increased use of Internet, increases the risk for problematic and addictive behaviors in subgroups of vulnerable individuals. So, if used without caution, it can reverse the health effects (causing a distress instead of helping to prevent it), or even amplify the stress of the affected individuals. So, the prevention of the problematic internet use, becomes especially relevant in these times of crisis. I was honored to team-up with world-leading experts in the field of behavioral addictions (including problematic internet gaming and gambling), in order to help compile consensus guidelines for safe practicing of internet. They were recently published in the journal of “Comprehensive psychiatry” and they offer clear and concise instructions for the general public, on how to monitor and control internet use, thus helping to cope effectively with the crisis and to improve one’s mental health. You were selected by IAP for the YPL programme: what did it mean to you both on a professional and personal level? The programme contains many valuable aspects, and the COVID-19 pandemic has revealed them to me under a new light. They are related to both the national andthe individual benefits. As regards the former, one of the earlier YPL alumni, Dr. Venko Filipče, is our current Minister of Health, and I can recognize the YPL teachings behind his guiding principles of setting positive example and leading people to respect health recommendations. As for me, I also recognise the importance of international collaboration, fast coordination with fellow medical experts, and transparent scientific communication, which are the cornerstones of the YPL programme and IAP community. The IAP is my safety net and my safe nest, providing wind at my back and giving me energy to carry on, stronger and smarter than before. It is a place where I return times and again, to team-up with fellow members, consult with colleagues, or simply gain momentum for the next scientific challenge. Thank you IAP!

Based on the study you designed in the Research Design discussion, apply the scientific method by specifying the five steps of hypothesis testing for your study. - Step 1: State the hypothesis. - Step 2: Collect the data – For the purpose of this discussion, you will state how you would collect the data. - Step 3: Calculate statistics – For the purpose of this discussion, you will indicate the statistical analysis technique(s) you would use. - Step 4: Compare to a critical value – For the purpose of this discussion, you will indicate where you would set the alpha value and why. Note: This step is hypothetical, as you are not actually conducting a statistical analysis. Consequently, you will choose if the results of your hypothetical analysis are above or below the critical value. - Step 5: Make a decision – For the purpose of this discussion, you will create a conclusion based on the hypothetical results from Step 4. Be sure to include a recommendation on the effectiveness of the new drug based on the results. Your initial post should be 250 to 300 words. Utilize a minimum of two peer-reviewed sources that were published within the last 10 years and are documented in APA style, as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center.

GRAMBLING STATE UNIVERSITY IN NAMING OF THE RESIDENTIAL HALLS Martha Adams was the wife of the founder of Grambling State University, Charles Phillip Adams. Crispus Attucks, a slave, was the first American to die in the American Revolution during a Boston protest on March 5, 1770. Mary McLeod Bethune was born in Mayesville, South Carolina unto Negro slave parents in 1875. She died a nationally known first-class citizen in 1955. She began her education in small country school house, later graduating with honors from Scotia Seminary (a normal school in Concord, South Carolina), Moody Bible Institution, Chicago State College (Orangebury, South Carolina) and Wilberforce University (Wilberforce, Ohio). She received LLD citations from Lincoln University, Howard, Atlanta University, Rollins College and West Virginia State Institution. Also, she received a Master's of Science citation from South Carolina State College and a Doctor of Science from Tuskegee Institute. After being an instructor at Haines Institute, Augusta, Georgia and Palatka Mission School, she founded and became President of Bethune-Cookman College. During her time as President and President Emeritus of Bethune-Cookman College, she became the advisor to President Franklin Delano Roosevelt on minority affairs, assistant to the Secretary of War for the selection of the First Officer's Candidate School for WAACS, a member of the Women's Advisory Committee on War Interest and President of several other civic groups. She was awarded the Springarn Medal and the Francis Drexel Award for distinguished services to the Negro Race, the first Annual Youth's City Award, and the Haitian Medal of Honor from the Haitian Government being the first woman to receive this honor. At the time of death, she was still contributing articles to numerous magazines and journals. Dr. J. D. E. Bowen was born to free Negro parents in New Orleans, Louisiana. His mother was the daughter of an African prince. They made sure that he was well educated. He was the first black man in the Methodist Church to receive a PhD. Dr. Bowen was active in charity work and race relationships. Frederick Douglass was a renowned abolitionist. Charles Richard Drew (1904-1950) a Negro surgeon, became known for research on blood preservation and for the organization of blood banks. He directed the blood plasma project for Great Britain in 1940 and then the American Red Cross blood plasma in New York City. He received the Springarn Medal in 1944 for his work. William L. Garner, the youngest of three sons of Daniel and Dora Tribble Garner, was born in what is now known as the Mt. Olive Community, one mile north of Grambling, Louisiana. His education and work were fundamental in the developing of Grambling as a renowned university. He was one of the first four students to enroll in the Allen Green Industrial Institute, one mile west of the present side of Grambling State University. His high school work was completed at Coleman College, Gibsland, Louisiana, and earned his B.S. degree at Wiley College, Marshall, Texas with further studies at Hampton and Tuskegee Institutes. Believing that man's happiness does not lie in freedom but acceptance of duty, Bill, as he was fondly called, believed in teaching the sons and daughters of Grambling "how to live" as well as "how to prepare to make a living." During his 37 years at Grambling State University, he served as teacher of mathematics, science and social science, basketball coach and was the first registrar of Grambling State University, a position which he held for 27 years. William Garner retired from active work in 1964. In 1980, he was honored by being named Registrar-Emeritus. Simmie Louis Holland (1882-1953) was one of the first graduates of this institution and a native of Lincoln Parish who started with the school in its early years. He showed leadership by organizing work groups among the students to clear off the grounds, erect buildings and work on the farm. After graduation, he taught for several years in the public school system of Lincoln Parish. He gave up his school work in the late twenties to devote full time to ministry. He exemplified in every way the character, service and leadership desired in everyone associated with him. This won for him many friends on the local, state and national level. Throughout his public career, Simmie Holland maintained unusually close contact with and loyalty to Grambling College. He often served as spiritual advisor and counselor to the student body and staff. Such leadership helped pave the way for the school's achievement. Virginia Lewis Harris Hunter devoted her life in service to all mankind. She was a native of Union Parish, born in Downsville, Louisiana, the third child of Reverend L.L. and Amelia Lewis. Virginia Hunter received her elementary education in the Downsville Public Schools. She completed high school at Grambling and received her Bachelor of Science degree at Grambling State University. At the University of Southern California, where she received her Master's degree, she was invited to membership in Pi Lamba Theta, a national honor society for women in education. A deep and abiding love for quality education guided her to do further study at Tuskegee Institute and the University of Michigan. Virginia Hunter was one of Louisiana's best known and best loved teachers and administrators. Her teaching career began in the elementary schools of Lincoln Parish. The years that she spent shaping the lives of young children left a mark of distinction for her in the parishes of Winn, West Carroll and Jefferson Davis, but it was Morehouse Parish at the McGinty School where her teaching and community leadership skills gained state and national attention. Because her work was so well-known, she was invited to Negro Norman and Industrial Institute as Supervising Teacher in the Laboratory School. She continued to receive citations for excellence as a leader in the classroom and her home community. She served as Supervising Teacher until 1951 when she joined the Administrative staff at Grambling State University as Dean of Women. She worked at her alma mater a total of 24 years and left a brilliant record of performance when she retired in 1968. Anna T. Jeanes, founder of the Jeanes Fund was a resident of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. In 1907, the Jeanes Fund came into existence to provide supervision for the education of Negro youth at both the elementary and secondary level. On April 22, 1907, Anna T. Jeanes, created a deed of trust endowment. The funds would be applied solely towards the maintenance and assistance of rural, community and county schools for the Southern Negroes and to promote peace in the land and goodwill among men. Fidelia Jewett was a philanthropist that made a donation of $2,500 to be used in the construction of a dormitory 87 years ago. Mildred Shay Jones was the wife of the second President of Grambling State University, Dr. Ralph Waldo Emerson Jones. Robert B. Knott was born October 11, 1872, in Natchitoches Parish, Natchitoches, Louisiana. He was the son of George M. and Sophronis Jones Knott. He was employed by the Arkansas Southern Railway Company in 1904, engaged in wholesale grocery business in 1905, admitted to the bar in 1908. was Mayor of Ruston 1910-1916, member of the City School Board 1916-1920, member of Parish School 1920-1924, member of City Council 1924-1927 and was elected State Senator in 1929. It was through the sincere and genuine efforts of Senator Knott that Grambling became a state supported institution. He accompanied Charles P. Adams to Shreveport, Louisiana in the year 1928, at which time a personal visit was made to Governor Huey P. Long. Governor Long finally considered the proposal after hearing the story of the long financial struggle of the institution. This visit cleared the way for subsequent meetings and the passing of necessary legislature acts which made the decision official. Pinkney Benton Stewart Pinchback served as Lieutenant Governor of the state of Louisiana during Reconstruction. He also served for a brief period as acting Governor of the state or Louisiana. He was elected state Senator and to the United States Senate, a seat he was not permitted to take because he was BLACK. LaFayette Franklin "Fate" Richmond (1864-1948) lived his entire life in the Grambling area. His parents were Alfred and Parthenia Richmond who were slaves owned by the Lewis family. He was educated through the efforts of the slave masters. After slavery ended, his family was freed and given land. Mr. Richmond supported his family through farming and real estate sales. There were quite a few people moving into the community and there was a need for land to build homes. It was LaFayette Richmond and a group of men in the area who organized the North Louisiana Colored Agricultural Relief Association. He was the President. They were interested in building an industrial school to educate the children in the area. Booker T. Washington responded to their request by sending Charles P. Adams. Richmond advised Adams to move to a new location when conflict arose between Adams and the ministers who wanted their children to have a classical education. He was responsible for finding the new site and was one of six men who contributed $25.00 each to help with the purchase of the land. Mr. Adams had hoped that the two schools could be consolidated but the superintendent of schools advised them to concentrate on the new locations. When the students from Grambling attempted to attend classes at the Allen Green Baptist Academy (its new name) they found doors were nailed shut and Richmond used his ax to open the doors. He also made it possible for Adams to use the Methodist church in which to hold classes until the new building could be completed. The new school opened in 1905, consisting of two frame buildings. Fate Richmond served as a deputy sheriff for the Grambling area, being duly authorized by the Lincoln Parish Sheriff's Office. He was authorized to arrest and handcuff violators of the law. Mr. Adams often assisted him. They were a team that only death separated. They were known as "Law" and "Order." Elizabeth D. Robinson, born of missionary parents in West Africa, was reared in Chicago where she attended public schools. She graduated from Tuskegee Institute in 1931 and was invited by the late Charles P. Adams to join the faculty of the then Louisiana Negro Norman School where she taught in the Elementary School Department until 1935. From 1935-1939, he served as County Supervisor in Montgomery County, Georgia. Ms. Robinson returned to Grambling College in 1939, with R.W.E. Jones and worked in various capacities until her retirement on July 1, 1971. Elizabeth "Liz" Robinson devoted her life to the development of excellence in herself and others. In pursuit of improvement for herself, she earned the Master’s degree at the State University of Iowa and did additional study at the University of Colorado and New York University. She served as Professor of Education, Head of the Department of Education and Director of Student Teaching. She has been credited with having had a dynamic impact on the invitation, development and implementation of many of the innovative ideas that made Teacher Education at Grambling State University an outstanding program. Sojourner Truth, as she is popularly known, became famous in her lifetime as a preacher, abolitionist and lecturer. Born in 1797 in New York, she is known to have been freed from slavery by the New York Emancipation Act of 1827, and to have lived for a time in New York City. Soon disillusioned with life there, she adopted the name of "Sojourner Truth," a name she felt God had given her and assumed as her mission in life the task of traveling across the country and spreading "the truth." It was not long before this self-styled prophetess had become famous as an itinerant preacher. Wherever she appeared, huge crowds would gather to hear her, for she was reputed to have not only "mystical gifts" but great powers of oratory as well. She died in Michigan in 1883. Harriet Tubman (1821-1931) was born in slavery in Bucktown, Dorchester County, Maryland to Ben and Harriet Green Ross. She was the greatest conductor in the Underground Railroad. She was uneducated and illiterate. She was called the "Moses of her people" during the Civil War. With rare courage, she led over three hundred Negroes up from slavery to freedom and rendered invaluable service as a nurse and spy. Phyllis Wheatley (1753-1794) was brought to the United States as a slave and received her name from Mrs. Susannah Wheatley, the wife of the Boston tailor who bought Phyllis. She received her early education in the household of her master. Her interest in writing stemmed from her reading the Bible and the classics under the guidance of Wheatley's daughter, Mary. In 1770, her first poem was printed. She published "Liberty and Peace" shortly before her death. Her poetry is considered important today largely because of its historical role in the growth of American Negro literature.

Lottery is a form of gambling that involves the drawing of numbers for a prize. It is often used to raise money for public projects, such as road construction or medical research. It is considered a game of chance and luck, and many people buy tickets in the hope that they will win the jackpot. But many people also consider the lottery as a way to relieve boredom and to have fun. But it is important to remember that playing the lottery can be addictive, so it is best to play for the right reasons. Some states offer their own state-sponsored lotteries. They often feature a variety of games, including scratch-offs and daily games. The odds of winning vary, and the games can be played online or in stores. The winners are announced at the end of the draw, and the prizes can range from cash to goods or services. Some states even give away free tickets as part of the promotion. While the purchase of lottery tickets cannot be accounted for by decision models that use expected value maximization, it can be explained by risk-seeking behavior. It can also be accounted for by a utility function defined on things other than lottery outcomes. In fact, some purchasers buy tickets because they like the idea of becoming rich in an instant. The first state-sponsored lotteries were established in Europe in the 15th century. They were a popular method of raising funds for churches and other public institutions. The word “lottery” is derived from the Dutch noun lot, meaning fate or fortune. The English spelling was later influenced by the French word loterie, which in turn is likely a calque on Middle Dutch Lotinge, meaning “action of drawing lots.” In recent times, lottery games have grown increasingly popular. This is partially due to the proliferation of television advertisements that promote the latest large jackpots. The large jackpots increase ticket sales and raise the stakes for potential winners. But there is a darker side to this phenomenon. Critics argue that lottery games prey on the desperation of poor people who dream of a better life. It’s no secret that the odds of winning the lottery are astronomically low, but that doesn’t stop people from buying tickets. People are drawn to the lottery’s promises of instant wealth, and it’s no wonder that billboards boasting about mega-millions or powerball jackpots can be found everywhere you go. The popularity of lotteries has also given rise to criticism that they are a tax on the poor. Some of the criticism focuses on research showing that lower-income Americans are more likely to play and spend larger amounts of their income on tickets than other groups. Other critics point to the unpredictability of lottery revenue and argue that it is not a good substitute for other sources of public funding.

We're entering an age where pretty much everything we take for granted will rely on at least one battery. One great example that everyone uses is the cloud where we store our music, videos and other content -- it's actually a collection of massive data centers that relies on lead-acid batteries for emergency backup should the supply of electricity fail. The ability to effectively store and transport electrical energy is going to define the next era of human existence. We have to start making better use of the remaining fossil fuels, renewable energy and the infrastructure used to transport electricity. In this new world, the efficient storage of electricity will be increasingly important. With this in mind, we took a contrarian approach to look at something that's incredibly unpopular: lead-acid batteries. We realized that these batteries may provide for a more efficient future if we're able to develop a cleaner way to recycle them. We started looking at how lead-acid batteries have been used and found that the most successful grid scale storage product ever run was in Chino, California. For 10 years, the facility stored 40 megawatt-hours of electrical energy and delivered up to 12 megawatts every day at peak demand. This amount of energy is sufficient to power 6,000 homes or several large factories, and it was 100% lead-acid based. Why lead-acid batteries when pundits in the battery world share a universal belief that they'll go away? The thought is that these batteries will be replaced with something cheaper, cleaner and better performing. Today, that replacement is assumed to be lithium-ion batteries because they offer a high cell voltage and are lightweight despite their risks. But after spending two decades in advanced battery technologies and the emerging grid scale storage industry, I came to realize that there are fundamental misunderstandings of the new technologies, including lithium-ion batteries, and the new challenges associated with them. Lead Doesn't Have to be That Toxic I founded Aqua Metals because I am convinced that over time, we'll see a reemergence of the lead-acid battery in a new, more powerful and longer-lasting form. The challenge is that most people focus on lead-acid batteries being toxic -- this is understandable as the lead-acid battery industry did an appalling job of cleaning up its act in its early days. The reality is that modern lead-acid production facilities have an excellent environmental and safety record and that lead-acid batteries are 100% recycled, unlike any other competing technologies. Unfortunately, the technology used for recycling lead-acid batteries is smelting, which is old and inefficient. It's a very high temperature process that's expensive and technically difficult to bring into compliance with Western environmental standards. As a result, in many parts of the world, this method of lead recycling creates an unconscionable level of pollution. The lead-acid battery industry has been slow to recognize this growing and potentially existential problem. Since so many assume that lead acid is going away, getting the industry focused on the need for alternatives to smelting has been difficult. We decided to take on that challenge by building a company focused entirely on this opportunity. We have created a new electrochemical recycling process that operates at room temperature in a biodegradable and water-based liquid. Unlike current lead recycling, our liquid based process can't make lead dust, acid rain emissions, carbon dioxide, toxic solid waste or fugitive emissions. Our process also uses far less energy than smelting, requires less investment and produces a higher-value product. Lithium Has Its Own Issues Lithium is an attractive material for batteries because it offers a high cell voltage and is lightweight. Small amounts of lithium are used in lithium-ion batteries, but because lithium is highly reactive with water and oxygen, the only chemically stable electrolytes that can be used in the battery spontaneously ignite on contact with air and the combustion byproducts are highly toxic. As such, lithium-ion batteries must remain tightly sealed from the environment during manufacture, use and disposal. Recycling is difficult and expensive, and used batteries are ground up in a way that contains the explosive reactions and then the residue is landfilled. Sadly, as a whole, the lithium industry appears to be repeating the mistakes of the early lead-acid industry by ignoring the recyclability and disposal issues of their batteries and battery materials. Part of the problem is definitional. To me, recycling means taking the most problematic component and figuring out a way to recover and reuse it along with everything else. There are examples where the control systems, metal cases and maybe a small amount of lithium are recovered. However, commercial recycling of the corrosive and flammable electrolytes is not economic, so it's not performed on any meaningful scale What the lithium industry has done instead is focus on second use. The leading idea is to take a battery pack out of a vehicle at the end of its life and repackage it as an energy storage device that can be installed in someone's home. That effectively punts the issue of eventual disposal to the homeowner, which to me is unconscionable. What's Cheaper -- Lead or Lithium? Most people will tell you that lead-acid batteries will cycle, or can be recharged, about 750 times before they fail, but that's the kind of battery used to start a car engine -- it's designed for that use and will fail in a deep cycle application. However, lead-acid batteries designed for deep cycle applications, like those used in forklift trucks and other industrial equipment, last 2,000 to 5,000 cycles. The lead-acid batteries designed for the Chino project lasted more than 10,000 cycles. You also have to look at cost, and the most important measure is dollars per kilowatt-hour of capacity. Going back 20 years, lithium-ion batteries cost tens of thousands of dollars per kilowatt-hour. Now, they're $250 to $500 per kilowatt-hour. Many economists and researchers have tracked this cost reduction over time. Important industry players, such as the Department of Energy, Tesla and Panasonic, seem to agree that lithium-ion batteries could become as cheap as $130 per kilowatt-hour -- impressive given where they started. However, if you plot that cost against time or dollars spent in R&D, you'll see that the curve is asymptotic and that the rate of cost decrease eventually slows such that you almost need an infinite amount of effort to reduce the price further. So what's the industry consensus on the lowest practical cost for lithium ion in any meaningful time frame? About $130 per kilowatt-hour. This sounds fantastic in isolation, but right now, I can buy a lead-acid battery off a production line at a price between $60 and $80 per kilowatt-hour. Again, most people assume that lead-acid batteries are at the end of their development cycle and can't get any better. The reality is that meaningful R&D ended in the 1960s. In the US, the major battery funding agencies, such as the DOE and the Advanced Battery Consortium, effectively denied R&D funding in lead acid. Over the last 40 years, R&D funding for lithium ion has been vastly higher than lead acid while lead-acid chemistry remains almost untapped for improvement potential. If you apply the same cost improvement curve to lead acid in terms of dollars and performance, there is massive performance and cycle life potential waiting to be tapped. If we believe that the price of lithium-ion can go from $240 to $130 per kilowatt-hour, then it's equally believable that the price of lead-acid can decrease from $60 to $20 per kilowatt-hour for an equivalent cycle life. If we brought the tools and material science that delivered the goods in lithium ion to bear on lead acid, there's a more than reasonable chance that lead-acid batteries go to $20 per kilowatt-hour in the next few years. Will facilities like the GigaFactory overwhelm lead-acid production? What most people don't understand is the massive difference in the cost and scale of battery production facilities between lithium ion and lead acid. In the lithium-ion world, a facility that produces five gigawatt-hours per year is considered huge while that level of production is considered small in the lead-acid world. After 20 years of development, the cost ranges between $1 billion and $2 billion to build lithium-ion production capacity of one gigawatt-hour per year. Lead-acid production facilities are in the range of $100 million per gigawatt-hour per year to build. Now consider that 96% of the batteries produced each year are lead acid. If you plan to replace all of that production capacity with lithium ion, you will need to find half a trillion dollars to fund it. Why isn't the lead industry jumping into this market? It's not big enough yet. The market for grid storage is only at the level of a few hundred megawatt-hour per year, which isn't large enough to justify a dedicated production line for a lead-acid battery optimized for this application. However, as the grid storage market accelerates, the lead-acid industry has the potential to undercut and outperform lithium ion. We're cleaning up the lead-acid battery Lead-acid production facilities in North America are exemplary in terms of health and safety. There's one production facility on the East Coast where the ground water leaving the site is cleaner than the groundwater entering it. While the industry has done incredible work in cleaning up the production side, they've been slow to address the recycling side until now. We are focused entirely on this issue and have built a 130,000-square-foot, 12-acre recycling facility in Nevada. When the facility reaches full capacity, it will be consuming 300 tons of dead batteries daily to produce 160 tons of high quality lead, with the balance being the plastic and water. Everything we extract goes back into making batteries. This can very well be the starting point for reversing lead's image as an environmental pariah. We think the lead-acid battery will soon emerge as the poster child for the zero emissions circular economy.

CINCINNATI — A mirror that's been sitting in storage at an Ohio museum for more than 50 years is finally revealing her secret. The Cincinnati Arts Museum said in a news release that last spring, its Curator of East Asian Art, Dr. Hou-mei Sung, was researching a mirror that's been with the museum since 1961 when she made quite the discovery. The museum said that the mirror, which was made during the 16th century, showed off an image of a Buddha surrounded by rays of light when it's under certain lighting conditions. According to the museum, these mirrors are known as "magic mirrors" and were first created in China during the Han dynasty. "Magic mirrors" are very rare and, in a particular light, can reveal images on their reflective surfaces, the museum said. “This is a national treasure for China, and we are so lucky to have rediscovered this rare object and have on view in Cincinnati,” said Sung in the press release. The museum said that the front of the mirror has a polished reflective surface, but on the back, its marked who is revealed in the light: Amitābha Buddha. The museum said there are only a few known "magic mirrors" in existence. They are located at the Shanghai Museum, the Tokyo National Museum, and the Metropolitan Museum of Art, the museum said. The museum said the “magic” mirror would be displayed starting July 23.

Thomas Mann once said, “if you are possessed by an idea, you find it expressed everywhere, you even smell it,” and surely the fragrance designers behind the Osmotheque’s perfume collection would agree. The museum was founded in 1990 by “world renowned noses” such as Jean Kerleo and Patricia de Nicolai. Its name, “Osmotheque” derives from the Greek “osmo” (smell) and “theke” (a storehouse). Accordingly, the museum holds a compendium of existing, rare, and forgotten perfumes that visitors, both professional or simply curious amateurs, can luxuriate in. The museum also tries to find and revive old classical perfumes that would otherwise be left behind by the juggernaut of contemporary perfumes. In conjunction with ISIPA, a graduate school for perfumers, cosmeticians, and flavor scientists, the Osmotheque houses relics of the art and industry of perfume. The Osmothèque preserves exhibits of interest to fragrance buffs, including relics of animal perfumes (behind glass), cabinets of raw materials and bottles from the turn of the twentieth century, and an underground vault, kept at exactly 12º C, containing discontinued historic fragrances. The head spaces of these historic bottles are filled with pure argon, a chemically inert noble gas, to prevent the oxidation of the samples. These are part of the patrimony of classic perfumes, and may be used to rediscover and recreate scents whose once-secret formulas, long since lost, can be reconstructed through analysis of these surviving examples. In addition to samples of scents, the museum preserves ancient documents relating to the composition and manufacture of perfume. The oldest of these is a description of a perfume made for the King of Parthia in ancient Asia Minor. The document was written in the first century, by Pliny the Elder (23-79 CE), a Roman historian.

We are all aware of the digestive process, but what about digestive enzymes? Digestive enzymes are molecules that break down food into smaller pieces so it can be absorbed by the body. There are many sources of digestive enzymes in our bodies, including saliva, gastric juices, and pancreatic secretions. But did you know that there are also plenty of foods high in digestive enzyme content to help us get important nutrients? This article will list nine foods high in digestive enzymes. First, you will learn about the enzymes in tomatoes as well as pineapples. The next high enzyme foods that you will learn about are ginger, garlic, and cucumbers. Then, we will cover bananas, spinach, and kiwis and finish up with carrots. Once you have finished reading, you will be able to incorporate these high enzyme foods into your diet. Tomatoes are an excellent source of digestive enzymes, specifically proteases that break down proteins. They also contain lycopene, an antioxidant that helps protect the stomach lining from damage. Consuming tomatoes daily can keep your digestive system in good working order, preventing both constipation and diarrhea. It also prevents jaundice and removes pollutants from the body effectively. Tomatoes rank highly on the list of gut-healthy foods. Tomatoes are an excellent source of prebiotic fiber, providing your good microbial bacteria with exactly what they need to grow and maintain every system in your body operating at peak efficiency. Tomatoes contain lycopene, an antioxidant that helps protect the stomach lining from damage. Consuming tomatoes daily keeps your digestive system in good working order, preventing both constipation and diarrhea as well as removing pollutants from the body effectively. Pineapple is another food high in digestive enzymes, specifically bromelain, which breaks down proteins and other complex molecules. It also contains vitamin C, which can help reduce inflammation in the gut. Pineapples are a rich source of digestive enzymes. Pineapples include a class of digestive enzymes called bromelain. These enzymes are proteases, which break down protein into its parts, including amino acids. This helps with the digestion and absorption of proteins. Ginger is a wonderful way to add spice to your food, and it’s also high in digestive enzymes. It contains zingibain that helps digest proteins as well as gingerols and shogaols, which have anti-inflammatory properties. Ginger increases agni or “digestive fire,” which aids in the breakdown and absorption of food. Apart from this, ginger is also recognized to stimulate saliva, bile, and gastric enzymes. It aids digestion and speeds up the passage of food from the stomach to the small intestine. Add fresh ginger to your meals or drink ginger tea before or after eating. Garlic is another food that is high in digestive enzymes. It contains allicin that breaks down proteins and has anti-inflammatory properties. Garlic also helps improve gut motility and reduces gas and bloating. Adding garlic to your diet is an amazing way to improve digestion. Garlic aids in the breakdown of proteins. It also helps reduce inflammation in the gut, improves gut motility, and eliminates gas and bloating. Cucumbers are hydrating vegetables that are high in digestive enzymes. They contain cucumber peptidases which break down proteins as well. Cucumbers’ soluble fiber dissolves into a gel-like texture in the stomach, aiding digestion. This gives you a feeling of fullness by providing longer satiation. It is one of the reasons why high-fiber meals may aid in weight reduction. It removes pollutants from your body. Cucumbers are also rich in antioxidants that help prevent diseases. Banana is one of the foods high in digestive enzymes, specifically proteases that break down proteins. It has soluble fiber, which dissolves into a gel-like texture within your stomach, aiding digestion and satiation. It removes pollutants from your body as well as provides nutrients to your good gut bacteria. Bananas are an amazing source of digestive enzymes, specifically amylase, which break down starches. They are also high in potassium and can help reduce bloating by drawing water into the intestines to form stools. Bananas contain magnesium, too, an essential mineral for energy metabolism, muscle recovery after exercise, and the maintenance of normal blood pressure levels (hypertension). Magnesium plays a role in colonic function by helping with constipation problems since it stimulates motility (the muscular contractions that move food through the GI tract). Banana contains many health benefits, like preventing heart attacks or strokes. Adding spinach to your diet is a great way to increase your digestive enzyme content as well as receive antioxidant benefits. Spinach is a wonderful source of digestive enzyme content because it contains all three types: proteases for breaking down proteins, lipases for fats, and amylases for carbohydrates. It’s rich in antioxidants as well that protect the cells within your body from damage due to oxidation. Spinach is high in insoluble fiber, which has been shown to benefit your health in a variety of ways. It adds bulk to feces as food travels through your digestive system; this might aid in the prevention of constipation. Spinach can also bind to toxins in the gut, preventing their absorption into the bloodstream. Kiwi fruits contain actinidain, which helps break up protein molecules during digestion, making them easier on the stomach lining than most other foods containing this enzyme type. They are also high in fiber. So they move through our system faster, which can also help prevent digestive issues. They are also high in antioxidants that help protect our cells from damage by oxidation. This is a great way to improve your digestive health and nutrient absorption. You’ll also receive the benefits of kiwi fruit’s fiber content, actinidain enzyme, breaking down proteins that move through our system faster and preventing digestive issues like bloating or gas, and its antioxidant properties, which help reduce oxidative stress on the body. Carrots contain a high amount of the enzyme beta-carotene and other carotenoids that help reduce inflammation in the gut as well as protect the cells within your body from damage due to oxidation. They are also an excellent source of fiber, so they move through our system more quickly. This makes them easier on the stomach lining than most foods containing this enzyme type. Adding carrots to your diet is a great way to improve your digestive health and nutrient absorption as well as receive the benefits of beta-carotene enzyme for reducing inflammation in the gut, other carotenoids that protect cells from damage within your body due to oxidation, and its fiber content. Carrots’ fiber (and any high-fiber foods, for that matter) acts as a natural vacuum cleaner in your digestive system, removing debris as it travels through your body. Carrots might also aid in the maintenance of gut cells and reduce your risk of disease. Everyone is familiar with the digestive process, but what about digestive enzymes? Digestive enzymes are molecules that help break down food so that it may be absorbed by the body. Saliva, gastric juices, and pancreatic secretions are just a few of the digestive enzyme sources in our bodies. Did you also know that there are several meals rich in digestive enzyme content to assist us in absorbing essential minerals? This article provided information on eight foods high in digestive enzymes. First, you learned about the enzymes in tomatoes as well as pineapples. The next high enzyme foods you learned about are ginger, garlic, and cucumbers. Then, we covered bananas, spinach, and kiwis and finished up with carrots. Now that you have finished reading, you can incorporate these high enzyme foods into your diet.

Deciding to go down the road to sustainability is a full-time lifestyle. You can’t pause it and take a break in doing eco-friendly practices and resume when you want since it will disrupt any progress you make. It’s like committing to keeping yourself healthy. You can’t binge on greens and get your fill of junk food the next day because you feel like you’ve already given yourself enough nutrients to last a week. Sustainability is a lifelong responsibility, and it entails massive lifestyle changes. However, you can take your time getting used to the shifts. It’s always better to know which green practices suit you the most than go on the journey half-baked only to make more irreversible damage. Besides protesting the use of environmentally harmful materials and helping advance the wide use of recyclables, you can do more by turning your home into a green haven. A sustainably-run home can create a significant impact on the overall effort to save the planet, and here are a few things you can do if you’re ready to start. Elevate Your Garden A single plant cannot banish all the pollutants in the air and cure the ozone layer. Still, it can contribute to the more significant cause and take part in broader efforts of removing carbon dioxide from the air. As forests barely survive in modern times, this is the perfect moment for you to test your green thumb by going grand with your home garden. To make saving the planet benefit your home life, you can grow plants on your roof and have them act as a natural insulator. However, you can replant them in more expansive spaces and ensure they are healthy for trees. Expert tree surgeons can help you get cuttings the right way so you can replant them elsewhere on your property. Elevating your garden so you can have a broader area to tend to trees will help make the air quality in your home cleaner. Furthermore, you have closer access to fresh fruits and vegetables (if you plan to raise fruit-bearing plants) whenever you want. Open Up Your Home Natural gas that powers households can emit greenhouse gases which are highly harmful to the ozone layer. You can switch to cleaner energy sources. But while that still can’t run your whole home, you can reduce your use of electricity instead. Light is one of the things you can limit your use of, especially during the day. With a clever floor plan, you can design your home with big windows and open spaces to let light in and promote better air circulation. An open floor plan can provide you with more chances to turn off the AC and take advantage of the fresh breeze. Besides its function, giving your abode a biophilic upgrade makes it look more spacious with a touch of luxury—a look that exudes a chic and elegant atmosphere. Go for Cost-Efficient One of the perks of a sustainably-run household is that you’d get to explore cleaner, more cost-efficient options. Take, for example, renewable energy sources. Suppose you use these energy sources. You can get free energy directly from the sun (using solar power) and power your appliances and gadgets. You can also rely on various saving methods to enhance your eco-friendly lifestyle sans the cost. One way you can do this is by upcycling your water. Use your pasta water or the one you used to wash vegetables for irrigation or clean your yard. You get to save gallons and do your part as an eco-warrior. Suppose you’re game for more extensive projects that can produce more significant impacts. In that case, you can also install a gray water system that cleans used water, making it suitable for cleaning. You can also set up a rainwater farm to get a free supply you can use to water your garden. Less Waste Equals Less Chores When you’re constantly working and improving your home, you get less time to relax. One of the things that may take up most of your time is accomplishing chores. Cleaning and fixing things around your residence can take hours, but if you have fewer tasks to mind, you get more time to do activities that let you enjoy home life. You may like having excessive furniture and decor around your home. They look beautiful and can spice up your interiors. However, they only contribute to clutter without any function and become dust collectors. Minimalism also has its appeal. With reduced furniture, you get extra space that helps create an illusion that your indoor spaces are roomier than they are. You can also select classy furniture that has multiple features. For instance, a shoe cabinet that you can use as a bench not only makes for a wise purchase but also frees up space. Doing this also makes you buy one less thing, letting you stay on the sustainability track. Conscious efforts to help save the planet let you be more than a fighter against climate change. It also allows you to upgrade your home and boost your household budget. Just follow the tips in this article, and you’ll be good to go!

Why we should care about battery recycling? Global demand for batteries is set to increase 14-fold by 2030*, with the European Union expected to account for around 17% of this demand. Batteries are now ubiquitous in our daily lives, from our mobiles phones, our electric cars and our laptops. However, their production and use have a considerable environmental impact. As a matter of fact, most batteries are thrown away despite almost 80% of the cells still in perfect working condition. This generates tons of electronic waste containing critical raw materials extracted from the earth, to the detriment of our planet. Conscious of this problem, Gouach has developed an innovative solution to facilitate battery recycling. We have developed a patented design, without welding or glue, to facilitate the disassembly and recycling of the cells. Gouach batteries are also made from second life lithium cells, from batteries intended for disposal. This approach saves 375 tons of mined land every day. Our technology allows for efficient recycling at the end of the cell's life, rather than throwing it away. Gouach electric batteries are repairable and recyclable, contributing to a more sustainable future. We believe that consumers have an important role to play in the transition to a circular economy, by choosing sustainable products and opting to recycle. We hope to raise awareness of the importance of battery recycling and support companies to take this step. It is crucial to be aware of the impact our actions have on the environment, and to adopt responsible behaviors to conserve our planet. By recycling batteries, we can reduce electronic waste and safeguard our planet's natural resources. We are committed to contributing to a more sustainable future and encourage others to do the same.

The National Park Service recently awarded $61,995 to the Friends of Washington Crossing Park as part of the Historic Preservation Fund’s African American Civil Rights grant program. This program funds preservation projects and efforts of sites tied to the struggle of African Americans to gain equal rights. The Friends were one of only 37 projects nationally to be funded. The Friends’ grant will support in-depth research by a dedicated research fellow on African Americans who participated in and supported the Continental Army’s crossing of the Delaware River on December 25, 1776. This research will examine the “Ten Crucial Days” campaign, which includes the subsequent battles of Trenton and Princeton; soldiers and camp followers of the Bucks County winter encampment; and free and enslaved people living and working nearby. Once completed, the fellow’s research will be incorporated into a variety of interpretive programming at the park. The roots of the Civil Rights movement connect directly to the thousands of African Americans involved in the American Revolution, voluntarily and involuntarily. African American activists looked to the contributions of earlier generations for inspiration during their struggle for equality in the years leading to the Civil Rights movement. This project will identify these individuals and their stories for inclusion in the park’s public interpretation, including living history programs, lectures, school programs, exhibits, website content, and newsletter stories. “The park’s visitors, including thousands of school students, will benefit from this project,” said Jennifer Martin, Executive Director of the Friends of Washington Crossing Park. “Sharing previously untold stories of underrepresented people is a priority as the 250th anniversary of the American Revolution approaches in 2026. Sharing these stories helps us connect with new audiences and encourage repeat visitation.” “The National Park Service is proud to award this grant funding to our state and local government, and nonprofit partners to help them recognize places and stories related to the African American experience,” said National Park Service Director Chuck Sams. “Since 2016, the African American Civil Rights program has provided over $100 million to document, protect, and celebrate the places, people and stories of one of the greatest struggles in American history.” The victories won by the Continental Army during the Ten Crucial Days, which began with the crossing of the Delaware River, re-ignited the patriot cause and gave new life to the American Revolution. But for the half-million African Americans living in the colonies, these were uncertain times. Talk of liberty drove revolutionary fervor but it became clear that “liberty” did not include enslaved African Americans. Although they were excluded from the Declaration of Independence and the Continental Congress forbade the enlistment of African American soldiers, many were still willing to fight. As state regiments were unable to fulfill their quotas, policies changed and the enlistment of thousands of African Americans commenced, particularly in New England. Some of those regiments participated in the crossing. Some of these people were free, others enslaved. Some served voluntarily, others were sent as substitutes for their enslavers. Some were soldiers, others offered support directly as camp followers and indirectly in roles as wagoners, craftsmen, or ferrymen. “To fully comprehend why African American soldiers joined the fight for independence, research is needed to uncover their personal stories,” Martin says. “This information will offer critical context to who was fighting, why, and how the impact of their stories rippled through succeeding generations to the Civil Rights movement.”

- 1 Turnitin’s ability to detect AI-generated text - 2 Detection of text from ChatGPT - 3 Instructor’s role in acting on the results - 4 Percentage of AI-generated text shown by Turnitin - 5 Automatic highlighting of AI-generated text - 6 Turnitin’s recent inclusion of AI detection in student submissions - 7 Training of Turnitin’s machine learning model - 8 Limitations in detecting ChatGPT-generated text for short-form writing - 9 How Turnitin traditionally detected similarities - 10 Cross-referencing with the database of existing sources - 11 Related Posts Turnitin’s ability to detect AI-generated text Turnitin has long been a trusted plagiarism detection tool used by educational institutions to ensure the academic integrity of student submissions. However, with the rise of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies, there have been concerns about whether Turnitin is equipped to detect AI-generated text. This article explores Turnitin’s capability in detecting such text and how it has adapted to this evolving challenge. Detection of text from ChatGPT One of the AI technologies that has garnered attention in recent years is OpenAI’s ChatGPT, a language model that can generate human-like text. Turnitin has been actively working to improve its detection methods to identify text originating from ChatGPT. It has developed algorithms specifically designed to flag potential AI-generated content. Instructor’s role in acting on the results While Turnitin provides the means to detect AI-generated text, the final decision on how to act upon the results lies with the instructor. Turnitin’s role is to highlight potential instances of AI-generated text, enabling instructors to review the flagged content and make informed decisions based on their expertise and institutional policies. Percentage of AI-generated text shown by Turnitin Turnitin’s detection algorithms have significantly improved in recent years, enabling it to identify a considerable portion of AI-generated text. While the exact percentage may vary, Turnitin’s development team is constantly working to enhance the tool’s ability to detect AI-generated content. Automatic highlighting of AI-generated text Turnitin now automatically highlights potential AI-generated text within a student’s submission, making it easier for instructors to identify and review it. This feature streamlines the process and allows instructors to focus their attention on evaluating the flagged content. Turnitin’s recent inclusion of AI detection in student submissions Recognizing the need to adapt to new technological advancements, Turnitin has invested in training its machine learning model to identify AI-generated text accurately. As a result, it now includes AI detection as part of its overall assessment of student submissions. Training of Turnitin’s machine learning model To improve its detection capabilities, Turnitin trains its machine learning model using a vast database of existing sources, including academic papers, journals, books, and online content. This extensive training helps the algorithm recognize patterns and similarities between authored and AI-generated texts. Limitations in detecting ChatGPT-generated text for short-form writing Despite its advancements, Turnitin acknowledges that detecting ChatGPT-generated text in short-form writing, such as essays or assignments, can be more challenging. This is because ChatGPT often produces coherent and well-structured content that can closely resemble human writing. However, Turnitin continues to refine its algorithms to address these limitations. How Turnitin traditionally detected similarities Before the advent of AI-generated text, Turnitin primarily relied on cross-referencing a student’s submission with its extensive database of existing sources. This method allowed the tool to identify similarities and potential instances of plagiarism. Cross-referencing with the database of existing sources Turnitin’s database comprises a vast collection of academic texts, publications, and online content. By comparing a student’s submission against this database, Turnitin can identify similarities and potential overlaps, enabling educators to address potential instances of plagiarism effectively. In conclusion, Turnitin has successfully adapted to the challenges posed by AI-generated text by developing specialized algorithms and machine learning models. While there may be limitations in detecting certain forms of AI-generated content, Turnitin’s continuous improvement and commitment to academic integrity should provide educators with a valuable tool in maintaining high standards of originality and authenticity in student submissions.

cURL and libcurl CVEs Unwrapped: Debunking the Hype In October 2023, security researchers disclosed two vulnerabilities associated with cURL and libcurl, creating a stir in the cybersecurity community. The flaws were hyped up by the security community as potentially devastating, affecting millions of devices and applications that use cURL for data transfers. However, once Project curl Security Advisory released the details, it became clear that the concerns could have been more robust, and the vulnerabilities were less severe than initially portrayed. Let’s dissect and examine what cURL is, the CVEs that were overhyped, and what we can learn from the CVE’s release and the aftermath. Understanding cURL: A Versatile Command-Line Data Transfer Tool cURL is a command-line tool and library (libcurl) widely used for transferring data with protocols such as HTTP, FTP, and SMTP. It has become an indispensable tool for developers, testers, and even systems administrators for tasks ranging from API testing to web scraping. Furthermore, libcurl offers the versatility of integrating various programming languages like Python, PHP, and C++. cURL isn't merely a command-line tool for transferring data; it's a multi-faceted utility that has found its place in many applications and workflows. Its presence reaches multiple lines of work, as well as security researchers. Even the security researchers at Hadrian Security use cURL. cURL's Versatile Presence Not to mention that cURL is ubiquitous and is found almost everywhere—from tiny IoT devices to large data centers. The software is a part of many operating systems and is embedded into numerous applications. Even though it isn’t always credited, the scale of its usage is immense. If you’ve used the internet, you’ve likely used a service that employs cURL in some form. Software Supply Chain Vulnerabilities: Supply chain attacks have been gaining traction in the cybersecurity realm. They target less-secure elements in the development and production environment to compromise the more significant whole. In the case of cURL, its widespread use makes it a tempting target. If a threat actor can inject malicious code into cURL, they potentially compromise any applications that leverage cURL for data transfers. Thus, vulnerabilities in cURL are not just issues for cURL itself but could also affect many other services and applications that are part of this supply chain. What Led to the Hype Before the release of the CVE details, there was considerable buzz in the cybersecurity community. Speculation was rampant, and discussions around potential ramifications were in overdrive. The talk and rumors driven by the infosec community were fueled by the fact that cURL is used pervasively by developers, sparking concerns over the breadth of impact. Demystifying the Hype The vulnerabilities were inflated to appear like looming catastrophes, overshadowing what the flaws were. Headlines described these as “significant” and “high-risk,” building tension and concern in various tech communities. The general anxiety around supply chain attacks may have exacerbated the hype. Built-Up to be the Following Significant Vulnerability The vulnerabilities were projected as game-changers, requiring immediate and widespread mitigation action. The security community discussed the two CVEs in various forums, and some even speculated they could be as impactful as Heartbleed or Shellshock. The Project curl Security Advisory built anticipation with ample warnings about these vulnerabilities that were sounded well before their release date, furthering the suspense, which was only perpetrated by the rumors of the infosec community. TwoCVE Details and Technical Analysis This high-severity issue could cause a heap-based buffer overflow during a SOCKS5 proxy handshake. Specific conditions, such as a slow SOCKS5 handshake and an overly long hostname, had to be met for exploitation. Affected versions ranged from libcurl 7.69.0 to 8.3.0. The CVE was tagged as low severity; this flaw allowed for cookie injection if specific conditions were met, including particular behaviors surrounding duplicated ‘easy handles.’ Affected versions were libcurl 7.9.1 to 8.3.0. Great Expectations, Underwhelming Reality Upon release, it became clear that both vulnerabilities could only be exploited under specific scenarios. While not entirely benign, their exploitation was far more constrained than initial conversations suggested. “The cURL issue was marked with severity HIGH. This makes sense because it definitely wasn't critical. Exploitability was only possible in particular edge cases, something that would be very unlikely to be exploited from the outside and, more often than not, would require an attacker to have access to the machine already.” Olivier Beg - Head of Hacking Despite the letdown, these episodes underscore the importance of not only staying updated but also understanding the technical nuances behind each CVE. For the future, it’s essential to: - Keep your software up-to-date to protect against known vulnerabilities. - Foster a culture of critical evaluation, especially for widely-used software that sits deep within supply chains. - Avoid sensationalism that leads to cybersecurity fatigue. - Encourage open dialogue and technical assessments that offer a balanced view. The hype around these CVEs offers a lesson in tempered caution. While cURL is undoubtedly a critical component of many software systems, its vulnerabilities are not necessarily catastrophic. By staying informed and vigilant, we can avoid falling prey to exaggerated claims and focus on what matters: securing our systems and applications against real threats.

The entire face of Europe, and particularly the Balkans and Greece underwent fundamental changes in 1912 and after, yet the knowledge today’s younger generations have of the sociopolitical circumstances before and during the Balkan Wars is frequently fragmented. On the occasion of the centennial of the start of the conflicts, “Balkan Wars 1912-1913: The Beginning of the Greek 20th Century,” a new exhibition at the Benaki Museum’s flagship in Kolonaki, seeks to piece those fragments together to present a whole picture. The exhibition features a selection of photographs and memorabilia including war medals, spoils of war, officers’ diaries and Eleftherios Venizelos’s pistol from the Theriso revolt. It covers events up to the Asia Minor Catastrophe in 1922. From the advancement of the Greek army, the development of the economy at the beginning of the 20th century and technological improvements (such as warplanes and the steam engine) to improvements in medical treatment, the arrival of soldiers in foreign cities and countries and mass population shifts, “Balkan Wars” offers a comprehensive overview of the entire period by shedding light on different facets of history and society. Beyond the history of the actual war itself, other images provide valuable information about everyday life during the period. They also highlight how rapidly the Greek landscape changed at the beginning of the century. Many volunteers lost their lives during the conflicts, and their portraits serve as a centerpiece for the exhibit, with the dates and places of death noted on the back of the photographs. These images are only a small selection of an extensive archive rediscovered in 1973 on the island of Chios which had been compiled by writer and war correspondent Elda Lambisi. The transformation of Thessaloniki from a key hub of the Ottoman Empire to an integral part of the Greek state, meanwhile, is explored in a screening of Lakis Papastathis’s documentary “Seeking the Lost Images of the Balkan War.” The exhibition – a collaboration with the Eleftherios K. Venizelos National Institute for Research and Studies and the Municipality of Thessaloniki – is slated to run through February 10, and also includes guided tours for the public with curator Tassos Sakellaropoulos. Benaki Museum, 1 Koumbari, Kolonaki, tel 210.367.1000, www.benaki.gr

There remain a number of ongoing debates about achieving energy security in the United States and most of those debates surround oil. I constantly remind people that development depends on generating electricity — and power generation has little to do with oil. Oil is primarily used in the transportation sector. Other fossil fuels (i.e., primarily coal and natural gas) do play a major role in the generation of electricity and will for decades to come. Last April, James R. Schlesinger, America’s first secretary of energy, and Robert L. Hirsch, a senior energy adviser at Management Information Services Inc., reminded Americans that, despite all of the talk about renewable and alternative energy sources, fossil fuels would remain America’s principal fuel sources for generating electrical power [“Getting Real on Wind and Solar,” Washington Post, 24 April 2009]. They wrote: “Why are we ignoring things we know? We know that the sun doesn’t always shine and that the wind doesn’t always blow. That means that solar cells and wind energy systems don’t always provide electric power. … Solar cells and wind turbines are appealing because they are ‘renewables’ with promising implications and because they emit no carbon dioxide during operation, which is certainly a plus. But because both are intermittent electric power generators, they cannot produce electricity ‘on demand,’ something that the public requires.” Although Schlesinger and Hirsch are appealing to the sensitivities of the consumer, reliable, on-demand power is even more important for businesses and industries than it is for average citizens. They continue: “If large-scale electric energy storage were viable, solar and wind intermittency would be less of a problem. However, large-scale electric energy storage is possible only in the few locations where there are hydroelectric dams. But when we use hydroelectric dams for electric energy storage, we reduce their electric power output, which would otherwise have been used by consumers. In other words, we suffer a loss to gain power on demand from wind and solar. At locations without such hydroelectric dams, which is most places, solar and wind electricity systems must be backed up 100 percent by other forms of generation to ensure against blackouts. In today’s world, that backup power can only come from fossil fuels.” Schlesinger and Hirsch continue their op-ed piece using strictly economic arguments — the same basic arguments being used by the coal industry to stir up public support. They write: “Because of this need for full fossil fuel backup, the public will pay a large premium for solar and wind — paying once for the solar and wind system (made financially feasible through substantial subsidies) and again for the fossil fuel system, which must be kept running at a low level at all times to be able to quickly ramp up in cases of sudden declines in sunshine and wind. Thus, the total cost of such a system includes the cost of the solar and wind machines, their subsidies, and the cost of the full backup power system running in ‘spinning reserve.’ Finally, since solar and wind conditions are most favorable in the Southwest and the center of the country, costly transmission lines will be needed to move that lower-cost solar and wind energy to population centers on the coasts. There must be considerable redundancy in those new transmission lines to guard against damage due to natural disasters and terrorism, leading to considerable additional costs.” Eventually they do discuss environmental issues, but only to convince readers that renewable energy sources don’t achieve all of the benefits that their proponents normally tout. “The climate change benefits that accrue from solar and wind power with 100 percent fossil fuel backup are associated with the fossil fuels not used at the standby power plants. Because solar and wind have the capacity to deliver only 30 to 40 percent of their full power ratings in even the best locations, they provide a carbon dioxide reduction of less than 30 to 40 percent, considering the fossil fuels needed for the ‘spinning reserve.’ That’s far less than the 100 percent that many people believe, and it all comes with a high cost premium.” So exactly what point are Schlesinger and Hirsch trying to make? It seems like they are trying to convince the public to abandon programs that promote renewable and alternative energy. Although their arguments lead in that direction, they stop well short of that conclusion. Instead, they conclude: “The United States will need an array of electric power production options to meet its needs in the years ahead. Solar and wind will have their places, as will other renewables. Realistically, however, solar and wind will probably only provide a modest percentage of future U.S. power. Some serious realism in energy planning is needed, preferably from analysts who are not backing one horse or another.” I think most reasonable people could agree that an array of electric production options should be pursued (along with a vigorous research program focused on reducing emissions that can harm both the environment and health). David Crane, who, as president and chief executive of NRG Energy, a Princeton, N.J.-based wholesale power producer that owns and operates numerous generation facilities, including wind and nuclear, and is developing solar power, is one of the people who is “backing one horse or another.” In an op-ed piece, he offers his solution to America’s energy conundrum [“An Energy Plan We Can Start Now,” Washington Post, 25 August 2009]. As one might expect, he focuses less on economics and more on “energy security” than Schlesinger and Hirsch. His intention, no doubt, is to stir people’s emotions about “big oil” and Arab suppliers. Why do I think that? Because he writes, “If we are to focus on these types of God-given energy sources, we need to go to our energy rather than have our energy come to us, as we do with fossil fuels.” But as I noted above, oil is about transportation not electrical power generation. If the greatest concern the U.S. has is energy self-sufficiency, Crane should be touting the use of coal — which the U.S. has in abundance. Instead, he notes that “in recent years there has been a tectonic shift in our energy usage as our country trends away from fossil fuels in favor of ‘natural’ energy, such as wind and solar.” What a surprise — the very sectors his in which his company is involved. To be fair, however, Crane does eventually discuss the importance of coal. One thing that Crane, Schlesinger and Hirsch do agree on is that Americans want reliable and affordable power. Another thing they agree on is that sources of renewable energy vary depending on the region of the country involved. In fact, Crane’s recommended energy strategy is broken down by region and provides five goals, which are: - The West gets the sun. Al Gore’s vision of a Sonora Desert covered in a 90-square-mile sea of solar thermal mirrors powering the entire country is admirably visionary, but transmission constraints would make this more practical, at least in the near term, at the regional level. So let’s set aside an area and get started. California provides sufficient scale; its peak electricity demand is coincident with sunlight, and it is only 250 miles from the Sonora Desert into the heart of the Southern California population center. - The Midwest gets the wind. Wind is the predominant renewable in the United States today, but for it to be a major factor in the energy mix of the future we need to tap into the wind resources of the upper Great Plains states, which are currently stranded. To date, the focus has been on getting wind resources from places like southeastern Wyoming to California. Instead, let’s take wind from the Dakotas and feed it into Chicago. It is 1,100 miles from Cheyenne, Wyo., to Los Angeles, but only 600 miles from South Dakota to Chicago. - The South gets nuclear. Democratic policymakers have focused like lasers on wind, solar and efficiency. They need to recognize that the South, still one of the nation’s most economically dynamic growth areas, lacks suitable wind and solar resources. The geology of much of the Southeast is not well-suited to sequestering the carbon emissions that must be captured by truly ‘clean coal.’ On the other hand, the populace of the South (and that includes Texas) is generally comfortable with nuclear power, and its incumbent utilities are deeply experienced in nuclear operations. Nuclear energy should be the ‘renewable of the South.’ - The Northeast gets the electric car. The Northeast generally lacks good onshore wind and sun power options, as well as public acceptance for nuclear plants. So let’s exploit its singular competitive advantage relative to the rest of the country — the proximity of its population centers to each other. An electric car with a 250-mile range wouldn’t make it from Los Angeles to San Francisco, but it would make it from New York to Boston. For real progress, we need to build an infrastructure for the electric car in a few parts of the country. Let the Northeast be a lead ‘test’ region. - Pursue ‘clean coal’ as a national priority. We must set as a national priority — perhaps a ‘national project’ — the demonstration and large-scale deployment of ‘clean coal.’ All of the zero-carbon regional solutions described above, if forcefully implemented, could have a meaningful impact on U.S. carbon emissions, but only ‘clean coal’ can actually capture the enormous carbon emissions from the new coal plants coming on line in China and India. It comes down to a mathematical certainty: We cannot solve global warming through clean coal alone; but without clean coal, we simply cannot solve global warming. Crane must have struggled to find something for the northeast, since electric cars have nothing to do with power generation. In fact, they are part of the challenge that lies ahead since they can add significant stress to the grid. One of the challenges faced by any energy plan is getting the public on board. Although everyone wants reliable and affordable energy, it seems that no one wants the facilities that produce that electricity next door to them — even projects that are environmentally friendly [“Renewable Energy, Meet the New Nimbys,” by Jeffrey Ball, Wall Street Journal, 4 September 2009]. Ball reports: “Environmentally friendly energy projects are running into the same cries of ‘not in my backyard’ that stymied a previous generation of alternative-power efforts. Even as Americans tell pollsters they are eager for alternatives to fossil fuel, some are fighting proposals for solar and wind projects and for the thousands of miles of transmission lines that would be needed to carry the cleaner energy to market. The protests echo grass-roots opposition that has blocked nuclear plants and energy-producing trash incinerators for decades.” Since building new facilities, be they coal-fired power plants or wind farms, is becoming more difficult, utility companies are trying new business tactics make a profit [“Rewiring the Utility Business,” by John Carey, BusinessWeek, 1 October 2009]. Carey reports on an interview he had with Peter A. Darbee, CEO of Pacific Gas and Electric (PG&E). He writes: “Peter A. Darbee … is helping his customers buy less of his product. ‘When I tell big customers we would be happy if we sold them less electricity, they look at me like I’ve burned out a few brain cells,’ says Darbee. But the logic is inescapable. ‘You are not making a lot of money anymore building large power plants,’ says Jon Wellinghoff, chairman of the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission. ‘You have to figure out what business you are in, big time.'” Figuring out new business models for the energy sector is becoming almost as important as generating and transmitting power. Carey continues: “How can utilities make more by selling less? Instead of spending $2 billion on a new 1,000-megawatt power plant, it can use the money to insulate homes, pay customers to install more efficient equipment, and make the grid smarter. Those steps would slash power consumption, eliminating the need for the power plant. The CEO would then ask the state public utility commission to raise electricity rates enough to pay for the $2 billion investment—plus a negotiated profit—just as he would for a new power plant. If the commission agrees, the utility gets revenue from its investment.” Sounds great for the utility company, but why should consumers help utility companies raise their rates? Carey explains: “Even though the price of electricity will be higher, customers who comply will be using much less power—and those who don’t will effectively subsidize those who do. ‘Energy-efficiency programs cost electricity customers less than half what they pay to help fund a new power project,’ explains Darbee. Boosting efficiency also reduces greenhouse gas emissions, which will provide another monetary gain for utilities if the nation puts a price on such emissions.” California is not the only state helping utility companies become meaner and leaner. Carey indicates that “other states are taking similar steps.” “‘This is where we will make our money in the future,’ says James E. Rogers, CEO of Duke Energy. ‘The business model fundamentally changes in the 21st century.’ Success isn’t a sure bet. ‘Some regulators have not yet understood and embraced this,’ says Darbee. … What’s more, the same innovations that produce efficiency gains also bring competition. A number of companies have sprung up to work directly with customers to save energy, snaring the profits that come from efficiencies. And utilities will face rivals on the power generation side as entrepreneurs develop solar, wind, or other sources for homes and businesses that may be as common as refrigerators. … As a result of these pressures, many companies will suffer the fate of the dinosaurs, says industry consultant Roger W. Gale. David Crane, CEO of NRG Energy in Princeton, N.J., acknowledges the threat: ‘If we are not doing things completely differently by 2030, we will be in a world of hurt,’ he says.” As Carey notes, the competition for traditional utility companies is changing. A good example is a company called SolarCity [“Little Green Dynamos,” BusinessWeek, 27 July 2009 print issue]. Instead of requiring homeowners to buy $30,000 whole-house solar panel systems up front, the company leases systems on long-term contracts. To demonstrate what the company does, the article tells the story of a suburban Glendale, CA, couple named Budwig: “After the Budwigs put $1,000 down, the three-year-old startup installed panels on their modest ranch home that meet almost all the family’s electricity needs. SolarCity also took care of the many complexities that make going solar such a hassle. The company designed and purchased the system and lined up building permits, financing, and government tax breaks. In return, the Budwigs agreed to lease the system for 15 years at $73 a month–$95 a month less than they pay, on average, for conventional power. They expect to recoup their $1,000 investment in less than a year. Since 2006, SolarCity says, it has struck similar deals with 3,500 homeowners, businesses, and schools in California, Arizona, and Oregon. The goal, says CEO Lyndon Rive, is ‘to create a multibillion-dollar company in clean power.'” SolarCity is but one of the new companies offering new business models in the energy sector. Another company with a new business model is BioFuelBox: “BioFuelBox of San Jose … is betting on an innovative business model. It collects waste from facilities such as meatpacking plants and sewage processors, converts it to biodiesel, and then sells the fuel. The company wasn’t the first to figure out how to cook waste into useful stuff. But BioFuelBox realized the true value lay not in selling disposal systems to customers but in saving them money by taking their refuse for free. So it developed compact refineries that can be loaded onto flatbed trucks and sent to waste sites. Even if the government eliminates subsidies for biodiesel, the company says it can profitably sell its fuel for the same price truckers pay for oil-based diesel. Its first refinery is in Idaho, converting waste from potato processing plants. Given that the world produces 12 billion gallons a year of suitable waste that can be turned into diesel, CEO Steven Perricone hopes to ‘run a large network of microrefineries worldwide in three or five years.'” According to the article, there has been “a burst of innovation that could rival the info-tech revolution.” It goes on to assert that “global demand for alternative energy is spawning a broad and bewildering array of tiny companies with big ambitions. Many are now hitting the market with products and services–in the thick of the worst U.S. recession in decades.” The article continues: “Some of the outfits, such as Southwest Windpower, Solyndra, and Clean Current Power Systems, are chipping away at the technological obstacles that have made alternative energy systems–wind, solar, and hydro power–too costly. Others, such as SolarCity, are reinventing the business model behind alternative power. Still others, including SmartSynch, Verdiem, and Fat Spaniel Technologies, are harnessing the Internet to help utilities remotely manage the energy consumption of their customers’ PCs, office air conditioners, and factory lights. In addition we’ve identified a handful of manufacturers selling gizmos that help slash power usage, from Bridgelux–which makes low-cost solid-state lighting–to GridPoint, whose smart meters can track every electric appliance in your home.” Clearly, the energy sector is changing in dramatic ways. I side with Schlesinger and Hirsch, however, whenever it comes to facing reality. We can’t ignore the things we know even as we search for better ways forward. I also know that we shouldn’t sacrifice the future for the present — something politicians and consumers demonstrate they are willing to do on a daily basis. That’s why I agree with Crane, Schlesinger and Hirsch that a number of different solutions need to be pursued.

In this article, we will look into how to make RC planes and the multitude of options there are for the aspiring RC model aircraft builder. how to make rc plane diy rc plane how to build a rc plane rc airplane kits to build rc plane build It is easy to assume that building RC airplanes is a difficult task but, in reality, they are actually fairly simple to make at home. It requires a little planning and a few materials but if you give it a few hours you could become an expert at building RC airplanes. All you need are the main components of a plane: the body (fuselage), wings, rudder (or ailerons/elevator), wheels, motor and radio transmitter. Building RC airplanes has become easier recently because of less expensive radio equipment and more efficient batteries and motors. Building RC Planes – Quick Overview - Building RC Planes – Quick Overview - RC Planes Types - Nitro RC Airplanes - Things to think about when Building an RC Plane From Scratch - Building the Model - Installing The Radio Equipment - Running The Engine - How To Build An Electric Model Airplane The process of building RC airplanes should always begin with the layout of the plane; you want to make sure all of the parts are attainable and that they will fit on the plane. You can use plastic, balsa wood or foam – the former two are definitely good choices but the most affordable and safest materials would be foam. Building RC airplanes is made easier by foam because you can simply purchase one 1/2’’ foam core board for the entire plane (for a 12-18 inch plane). Additionally, building RC airplanes out of foam keeps them intact when they crash. To continue the process of building RC airplanes, use the fuselage and fit your ailerons into a groove in it using packing tape; this type of tape is the best kind for making a plane because it is lightweight and cheap. Then, fit your elevator into a groove in your fuselage or using packing tape. When building RC airplanes from scratch, it is essential to maximize the surface area between the fuselage, ailerons and the elevator and the packing tape. This makes sure none of the pieces fall off while the airplane is in flight. Next, put the wings on the plane. Make sure they are even; when building RC planes, accuracy is essential for a successful flight. After this, put the servos on the plane’s wings. When building RC airplanes, servos are important because they ensure that the plane is easily controlled and that it flies properly. The next step in building RC airplanes is to assemble the motor. For a beginner, it makes sense to simply purchase a pre-made motor. If you have training, you may craft the motor yourself while you are building RC airplanes. For a plastic or balsa wood plane you can put the motor and radio transmitter inside the plane (with insulation so the motor doesn’t light the plane on fire) but, with a foam plane, you will have to put the motor and radio transmitter on the outside while you’re building RC airplanes. In the process of building RC airplanes, the last and most important step is to test your airplane out. If it is not flying straight, check the propeller and make sure that you have mounted your motor with at least two degrees of right thrust to ensure that the torque of the plane is counteracted. Hopefully, you find that building RC airplanes is a fun process! RC Planes Types RTF RC Airplanes Nowadays there is a bewildering amount of choices for the budding aero modeller who wants to learn how to make an RC airplane. Recently the emergence of ready to fly or RTF RC airplanes is probably the easiest route into beginner RC airplane flying with no assembly required. You literally unpack, charge the batteries then go flying. ARTF/ARF RC Airplanes Almost ready to fly or ARTF/ARF RC airplanes have shortened the time from purchase to the first flight to a few hours with just simple assembly to do before the first flight. Many people enjoy the build phase as much as flying the aircraft, and they will design and build the whole airplane from scratch. Kits make building a plan quite easy. There are many diverse types of airplane kits. You simply need to find a design you like, buy it and then put it all together. Kits vary from the simple to the very complicated and come in wood, plastic and metal. [iframe src=”https://www.youtube.com/embed/wxDYJU6a7Wk” frameborder=”0″ allowfullscreen=”allowfullscreen” width=”900px” height=”600px”] Electric RC Airplanes Over the last couple of years, electric power for RC airplanes has made enormous gains on the traditional world of the nitro RC airplane. The reason for this is twofold in my opinion. Firstly, advances in both electric motor and battery technology have made electric airplanes performance and practicality extremely attractive to serious RC airplane enthusiasts, where cost is an issue Electric Power for RC Airplanes makes very good sense as you don’t have to keep buying nitro fuel. Secondly, the environmental issues that go with traditional nitro RC airplanes i.e. Noise and pollution are no longer an issue. Personally, I feel there will always be a place for the internal combustion engine within aero-modelling, especially with large scale RC airplanes, however, these advances in motor and battery performance are blurring the issue. Just a few years ago electric power for RC Airplanes was reserved for only the cheapest RC Models, indeed the phrase “remote-controlled airplane” would have been synonymous with electric power. The main reason for this increased practicality and performance is the Brushless RC motors and Lithium Polymer batteries also known as Li-Po batteries. Electric motors also work really well with ducted fan RC airplanes, these can be an alternative to real RC Jet Engines, so jet appearance models are now available almost ready to fly without the cost of true jet technology. So electric power for RC airplanes is now a totally viable alternative to traditional Nitro Power RC Airplanes, I think that it is a great, clean, quiet and thoroughly modern power source. Nitro RC Airplanes 2 and 4 Cycle Nitro RC Airplanes Most traditional engines used in radio-controlled airplanes are 2 stroke glow engines, this means that they operate on the 2 cycle principle, just like a chainsaw engine. However, rather than having a spark plug to ignite the fuel/air mixture a small glow plug, which is preheated by a battery at startup, continuously glows and burns the fuel. These engines are simple, light, and inexpensive so this is why Nitro RC Airplanes are so popular. They are fuelled by Nitro-methane/methanol this fuel is mixed with 20% oil for lubrication. Most engines for Nitro RC Airplanes are categorized by their size in cubic inches e.g. 40 size = .40cu in. 4 Cycle engines are a bit more expensive and complicated, so are more often used in the larger and more expensive airplanes, where their better low down power suits this type of airplane. 4 cycle engines are more suited to the more experienced modeller, as they are more complicated to use and maintain. Nitro RC Airplanes versus Petrol and Diesel Engines The much larger petrol engines are for use with the large scale RC airplanes that have become popular lately. These large engines are normally between 32cc to over 100cc so are clearly serious bits of equipment, with price tags to match. When used with the very large scale RC airplanes they make for a truly stirring sight. Diesel engines used to be quite popular and work by igniting their fuel using very high compression ratios, these engines were available in a large range of sizes and although were less powerful than similar-sized nitro engines they did produce good low down power, they have however become hard to obtain. So Nitro RC Airplanes have become the most popular aircraft for more experienced modelers. Building RC Planes from Kits Airplane plans and kits are available in many variations to suit all potential aviation enthusiasts. There’s a great deal of pleasure to be had from piloting your own plane. It’s a hobby that can bring hours of fun. Model planes are available for children, adults, and those of all skill abilities. There are choices for both new and experienced users. Plastic aircraft kits have a flexible selection of uses. Lightweight designs afford a higher flying speed and the ability to fly for a longer distance. Costs are low for basic airplanes and if you don’t need your aircraft to fly, there’s always model aircraft for display purposes only. Kit planes made of wood offer similar attributes to the plastic planes, giving choices between models for display only or construction of aircraft that will actually fly. Wooden aircraft kits take longer to put together than their plastic counterparts, but assembly is usually straightforward. Remote radio-controlled airplane kits, usually called RC airplanes, suit the most fun type of model aircraft. The controller becomes the pilot! RC aircraft models are available to a varied range of beginners right through to the expert level. Moneywise the cost can be quite low but it can also reach thousands of dollars depending upon the superiority, dimensions and detail required. Model aircraft are hugely popular. Thousands of airplane aircraft kits and plans are available to make replica aircraft Plans are can be bought not just for modern aircraft, but for plans of airplanes since the early days of their invention. There’s a great deal of interest in aircraft from the World War One and Two eras – these represent the highest plan sales. Approximately 200,000 model aircraft builders face the same problems in selecting the aircraft they want to construct and then finding the right plan to suit them. Many plan purchasers will build the aircraft from balsa wood which is easy to work with. It’s vital to get full assistance for each aircraft’s building method. This will ensure that each piece is exactly correct for both size and weight. This will aid the ‘balancing’ of the aircraft during its time in the air. Some plans will include specifics of what types of wire should be used, whether it’s piano wiring for propeller shafts or electrical wire for motors. Ready constructed, fully functioning motors can be purchased for your airplane if you intend to fly it. This applies to nearly all plans for aircraft, airplane plans, and kits. How To Build an RC Plane From Scratch Many modellers, myself included, get a great deal of pleasure from constructing a model either from a basic kit of parts or building from scratch from plans. Plans are often available for free from magazines all you need to do is to copy them and get the paper blown up to the required size. Often designers will sell the plans on the internet or from magazine classified ads, all you need is the time and raw materials to turn their plans into reality. This method will obviously take more time to produce your flyable model, but for many people, this is the only way to go. There is a good chance you are going to go through several designs and variations before you come up with your first good working project. Building your first park trainer out of foam is a great way to get started and most of the other parts you need will be useful in future projects as well. So right from the start, when deciding how to build an RC plane from scratch, think about how you want to get started in the hobby. If you aren’t quite sure yet, if it is for you, sticking to the lower end parts and electronics is understandable. If you are already planning your second and third projects, you might want to consider investing a little more to get the gear that you will work well for those projects as well. Things to think about when Building an RC Plane From Scratch - Start out with the end in mind, if you are going to get into the hobby, you will need your own workspace. So find an area where you can get set up to do some work and keep your tools that will be out of everyone’s way. Having a workbench or table to work at is important. You aren’t going to want to start out on Mom’s dining room table, she won’t be impressed if you nick the table with your Exacto drip some glue on the chairs. - During assembly, your project will need time for the glue to set up and the last thing you want is to be moving it around or having to stuff it into a closet. - Once you have your workspace and materials and figured out how to build an RC plane from scratch, all that’s left is to get to it. - The learning comes from the doing and don’t be scared about things not working out, if it’s your first project, you may end up reworking some of the details… - My first plane project was all balsa and to be totally honest, it took way too long and as a young guy, my patience was challenged to finish it. - That’s what makes this foam project such a great first start to flying. You will be able to put it together reasonably quickly and get out there and test your flying skills! So now’s the time, stop wondering how to build an RC plane from scratch, and let’s get started. Building the Model The main difference between this type of project and kit construction is, of course, that you are manufacturing all the components yourself – once that has been done you are back in familiar territory of kit building, so this article will simply concentrate on how to go about those operations in preparation for the actual construction. Having chosen the model and obtained the plans, the first thing to be done is to obtain your raw materials – chiefly balsa and lite-ply – if your own stocks are not sufficient. Your plans will show what sizes of balsa you are looking for, so draw up your shopping list and head for your local model shop! From what we read in the modelling press, the availability of good quality balsa in your local shop is not what it used to be and specialized direct-mail suppliers are also getting thin on the ground. Basically, though, what you are after in most models is the best combination of lightness and strength, so it can be boiled down to looking for denser weights of balsa for those parts subject most likely to take the knocks or subject to stress and strain and less dense material for the rest! Less dense balsa will have a slightly ‘fluffy’ feel and appearance, whilst the harder balsa will have a smoother surface. Good savings can be made by buying sheet balsa from which to cut your strip balsa requirements, rather than buying all the strip material ready-cut. A balsa strip-cutter (above) is a great investment, but it can also be done with a steel rule, a steady hand, and a good sharp modelling knife! Matching the weight of parts falling either side of the center line of the model is Next, take a photocopy of the plans. These can usually be obtained from the more professional stationery suppliers or office bureaux who offer plan copying. You might even have such facilities available through the drawing office at your place of work. If you want to keep your original plan in pristine condition, you might even consider the luxury of having two copies taken, if it’s not too expensive, since you will be cutting one plan up and building on another. The first part of construction can be anything you like. The easiest way of doing it is to start with the fuselage (The body of the plane) These can be put together in different ways according to the model. The easiest model to build is an ARTF (Almost ready to fly) model. These come pre-built, covered and decorated. This is the only way of ensuring a perfect result and they can be built and ready to fly in as little as three days. The most common and cheapest way of doing it is a kit. These are basically a box of wood that you have to make a plane out of. IMPORTANT: Be careful with balsa wood as it damages and snaps very easily. The body of the plane (Known as the fuselage) is fairly daunting when you see the work involved. Don’t let this put you off, because it really is worthwhile in the end. First, lay out the plan on your board and pin it down. The first thing to do, before gluing, is to cut out all the necessary parts. You will need a modelling knife and your razor saw. Lay the wood over the plan and draw on to the wood all of the lines that will be cut out. If it is a complex, cut, it would be wise to do this with the modelling knife, not the razor saw. You could even pin the wood to the plan if you are struggling. Once all the parts are cut out you will notice lots of parts that are like squares. These start off large and get smaller and smaller. These are supports. These need to be fitted to the inside of the fuselage to strengthen the structure. Layout the appropriate pieces on to the plan and then mix some epoxy resin/PVA glue. Glue all the pieces and you should have a very good fuselage. It will then need to be shaped to get the airflow right and the model will fly both more stable and it will fly faster when wanted. To speed things up, Plane off the sharp edges and then sand them down. You will then have extremely smooth edges. The next step is to construct the wing. This is the most difficult part. The wing of a trainer often has an angle like a V in the center so that the tip of the wings are raised up. This makes the model fly stable. Again, cut out the pieces and glue them accordingly. When fitting the wing ribs try to get the heaviest towards the center of the wing. The leading edge must now be sanded like on the fuselage. This is made easier using a block with sandpaper around it. You have now assembled the wing and when it is sat on the fuselage it starts to look the slightest bit like a plane. Using the same techniques as above, construct the fin, rudder, elevator, and ailerons (These are the flaps used for controlling the plane). Then the model has to be covered. There is a variety of films to use. Some are self-adhesive and some are iron-on. It does not matter what you use. When the model is done you can sit back and relax until it comes to the control hardware. This is the next step. Installing The Radio Equipment Installing the radio equipment has to be one of the easiest things to do when you have installed the hardware e.g pushrods etc. Just slot in the servos and screw them tight. Then connect all linkages and connect the servos to the correct ports on the receiver. Now you must switch on the equipment and test it all. If everything works in the correct order then proceed to the next step. Running The Engine Running the engine on your model can be dangerous. Please take extreme care when attempting to start the model engine. The engine has a number of features. The carburetor is a small hole at the front of the engine that can be opened and closed. This is used to control the intake of air and fuel. This speeds up and slows down the engine for takeoff, landing, and aerobatics. The needle valve is a small knob on the side of the carburetor. On some engines, this is located at the back of the engine to make adjusting safer due to the speed of the rotating propeller. This valve is used to adjust the mixture of fuel and air intake. To open the needle valve it richens the mixture which lets more air than fuel into the engine and lets the engine burn cooler. This gives you less power but there is less chance of going deadstick. (Deadstick is when your engine cuts and the model has to be glided back in) To close the needle valve, it leans the mixture sending less fuel than air into the engine thus the engine burns hotter and you have more power. The chances of going deadstick are greater. To start the engine, fill the model with fuel either using a bulb or a fuel pump. Then, you must prime the engine. This is when you open the throttle fully, place your thumb over the carburetor and turn the engine over anticlockwise 4 or 5 times. This brings fuel into the engine and makes the engine easier to start. Then take your thumb off the carburetor and move the throttle until it is 1/3 open. Then flick the engine over a few times to let air into the engine. DO NOT DO THIS PROCEDURE WITH THE GLOW PLUG CONNECTED TO A POWER SUPPLY!!! Now open the needle valve 1 and 1/2 turns. It would be wise to remember this position. Energize the glowplug with a 1.5-volt power supply and give the engine a flick to the right and it should start running. If you do not feel safe using your finger or a stick use a starter that is a bit like a high – torque drill and will turn the engine over for you. When the engine has been running for a couple of minutes, open the throttle fully and hold the model at a steep climbing angle for 10-15 seconds. If the engine changes in sound at all or cuts, the needle valve needs adjusting again. Repeat this procedure until the engine runs smoothly. This position on the needle valve is the optimum running position. It would be wise to remember this position for future running. - Wing ribs and other multi-copy components. Cut out the shape from the plan and stick it down onto a piece of 1/8 ply or lite-ply, cut it to shape using a hand saw and rasp – a flat Permagrit strip is my favorite shaper. Repeat to make a second identical piece (or make both at the same time with two pieces of ply taped together). Clamp the two pieces together and drill three holes through the centerline of these patterns. Next, cut balsa strip into pieces just large enough to cover the shape, cutting as many as required of that particular size. Tape or lightly clamp the balsa pieces into a bundle, topped with one of the patterns, and drill three holes through the bundle, using the pattern as a jig for the holes. Register the second pattern at the bottom of the stack and hold the whole bundle together with suitable bolts. You can now sand and file the balsa down to the shape of the patterns. - Complex shapes. Again, cut out a pattern from the plan, or just photocopy the particular part on the drawing, and stick it on to the balsa or lite-ply required for the part and then cut, file and sand to shape. In the case of the formers shown here for the stringers, the plan just provides the detailed edge which is then stuck down to the balsa. With a shape like F9, to prevent breaking off the very narrow supports, you cut out each alternate slot, then fit stringers into those slots before cutting out the other slots (shown in pink in the picture above right). - Larger, less complex shapes, like fuselage sheeting, doublers, etc., can simply be drawn lightly on to the balsa from dimensions taken from the plan and then cut to shape. - Where a part is repeated for, say, left and right fuselage sides, cut both at once to ensure identical shape. Choose your balsa as carefully as possible to try and ensure the equal weight of such parts as are duplicated either side of the centerline of the fuselage, left and right wings, etc., to maintain uniformity of weight as the plane is built. For lengths of sheeting longer than the 36″ length of your stock sheeting, join them together with a diagonal cut, using the good old-fashioned balsa cement before cutting to shape. - ‘Moulded’ shapes. For contoured shapes like engine cowls (right), glue large pieces of block balsa together or to a frame (the plan will show the suggested method) and then carve, sand, and cut to shape. - Wire bending for undercarriage. A wire bender is a worthwhile investment if you are going to do a fair amount of plan building. This allows you to carefully bend the wire to shape, offering it up to the plan as you go, to accurately replicate the required angles. The picture shows the wire laid through the holding pins of the bender and the wire is bent by pulling the large pivoted lever. The flat plate of the bender is designed to be permanently screwed down to a heavy base or can be firmly held in a vice. By following these straightforward techniques, it will not be long before you have all the bits that you would normally find in a kit, but at a lot less cost. With the many hundreds of plans available, many as give-aways in modelling magazines, you have a very wide choice of model, many of which you will never find as a kit of any sort. There are also some superb plans available, together with accessory kits for some of the specialists and more complex moldings like canopies, cowls, spats, etc., as well as wheels, undercarriage, and other dedicated fittings. How to Build an ARTF/ARF RC Plane If you had paid a visit to any model flying field as recently as seven or eight years ago, you would have been very lucky indeed to have spotted an ARTF model airplane. Today, things are very different and you’ll probably find yourself perusing a wide variety of ‘ready-built’ models in the pit area. Since most of the hard work has already been done for you, the construction of these models is generally a pretty simple affair, but care is still needed if the model is to be ‘straight and true’ on the occasion of its first flight. The purpose of this section is to point out a few important areas to which particular attention should be made if you wish to attain the best performance from any ARTF model aircraft kit. Worth the wait! Having selected your chosen kit, take a trip to your nearest stockist, and purchase the model. Due to the huge number of ARTF kits available, you may find that your favorite retailer simply does not have sufficient space to stock all the kits that he or she would like. But don’t be too disappointed if the kit which you selected is not immediately available. For this reason, it may well be worth telephoning the shop before you leave home or work to check that they have the kit you want in stock. If not, simply ask them to phone through to our sales team and, if it is available, we will despatch the model the very same day. Check it out Once you get the kit home, take a few minutes to carefully unpack all the main components, and give each part a thorough check-over. Thankfully, major faults are very rare, but as with any mass-produced item, mistakes do slip through from time to time. Now’s the time to identify any major problems such as a warped wing or a twisted fuselage – not when you have glued it all together and it’s impossible to replace the affected part! If you are satisfied with the overall appearance of the model, take a few minutes to check the finer details. One area to pay close attention to is the control hinges. Check whether they are pre-installed and if so, give each control surface a firm pull. If any hinges show any signs of looseness, please cut away the complete control surface and re-hinge as necessary. Now is the time to discover any such problems, not when your model is 300 feet up in the air! Taped hinges should be stuck firmly to both surfaces. If such a hinge shows signs of lifting, rub it down firmly. If it continues to lift, the adhesive may have become contaminated with dust, etc., from inside the box. Any badly affected areas should be carefully cut away and replaced. Film hinges may also lift, but in most cases, they can simply be ironed back into position using a heat sealing iron in a suitably low setting. Check each control surface for free and full movement. Any binding should be investigated and resolved. In rare circumstances, you may find that too much glue has been used to fix the hinges in place. The excess will have settled at the hinge line and solidified, causing an obstruction. In most instances, it is easily removed and full control is regained. Many ARTF kits have pre-installed pushrods and control runs. These must also run free and it is easier to check out and resolve any restrictions before you assemble the model. Recheck them once you have completed the model, just in case connecting them to either the servo arm or control horn has caused a small distortion. The simplest remedy here is often a slight bending of the wire pushrod to realign the linkage. In some cases, you may even need to enlarge the push-rod exits at the rear of the fuselage. Proceed with care, preferably using a small file to gently remove material from the fuselage side. Avoid using a knife as this may set up small splits in the fuselage side that may get bigger when the model is in use. As with all model aircraft, your ARTF will fly much better if it is assembled straight and true. The wing should sit squarely to the fuselage and likewise, the tail should be level in relation to the wings, with the fin at 90 degrees. With the wing bolted or bonded to the fuselage, insert the tailplane and check its position. If it is out of square by a small amount, then don’t be frightened to gently sand away some material from the high side of the tailplane mount. Likewise, small wedges of balsa wood can be glued onto the mount to build up any low points. Of course, if the tailplane mount is way out of square in relation to the wing mount, then you will have detected this during your preliminary inspection and have already acquired a replacement fuselage!! The same goes for the fin. Don’t just glue it into its slot – check that it is truly vertical and at 90 degrees to the tailplane. Use postcards or beer mats, etc., as simple set squares for this job, cutting them away where they clash with the fuselage sides. Again, don’t be frightened to make good any faults. Even though it’s an ARTF, it’s still OK to do a bit of balsa bashing! Before you glue the tail in place also check that in planform it sits square to the fuselage and wings. The easiest way to do this is to use lengths of thread to measure the distances between wing and tailplane tips, as shown in the accompanying diagram below (click the image for a more detailed view}. Before gluing the tail parts in position, check to make sure that the covering film does not cover up any areas to be glued. If it does, then mark it carefully and remove using a sharp knife. Be careful not to cut into the underlying wood structure as this may weaken the airframe. Got the gear? When fixing the undercarriage in position, please make sure that the wheels turn freely and that they do not exhibit any large degree of toe-in or toe-out. If they do, remove the offending leg and tweak it as necessary. Don’t try and bend it whilst it is attached to the model since you will most likely rip it away from its wooden mount. Steerable nose wheels should turn easily in their bearing blocks. Make sure that the control arm is firmly attached to the nose leg otherwise, it will slip and the whole thing may revolve in flight or, in the worst case, it may even drop out altogether! As with other control linkages, the pushrod to the tiller arm should run freely. Pay particular attention here as a binding nose leg can cause lots of battery drain and stress on the poor rudder servo every time that you yaw the model. Remember, the nose leg also turns in flight and not just when the model is on the ground! Models equipped with spats should be closely examined to make sure that the wheels revolve freely. If the spat rubs against the wheel, simply pare it away using a sharp knife until the wheel is loose, making sure to allow some sideways clearance for the wheel to move slightly along its axle. Ailerons may either be activated by torque rods or by independent wing-mounted servos. If the latter applies, you may find that the ends of the rods that are connected to the servo are at different angles when the ailerons are neutral. If so, the pushrods will need to be of different length; in most cases, this can be achieved by simply adding a few extra turns to the clevis on one side. Some ARTFs will have been assembled in countries where the climate is far different from our own. During transit and storage, the wood may have ‘settled’ and have distorted slightly. This is most likely on unsupported parts like ailerons and elevators but is far less likely where the wood is bonded in position as part of the airframe. On the control surfaces, such distortions are likely to manifest themselves as a slightly bowed or wavy trailing edge. In most sport flying applications, they will have very minimal effect on flying performance, but attention should be taken to make sure that the controls are lined up more in relation to the wingtips rather than the center section. This is because, generally, the outer sections of the control surfaces have a far greater aerodynamic effect than the sections nearest the fuselage. Most modern ARTFs have pre-installed engine mounts, with the engine lugs retained by simple metal straps. These have proved to be very effective and secure, provided that care is taken to tighten down the straps evenly and tightly. Such mounts also allow a small amount of thrust line adjustment, which can be of help when you are fine-tuning your model during its early flights. Again, do check that the control linkage to the throttle servo is free and take any necessary steps to relieve any binding. In most instances, all that will be required is a gentle bend in the wire pushrod. As with any model, take your time to set up the throttle such that it gives full movement at the carburetor barrel without stalling the servo, and that it also closes fully when the throttle stick AND throttle trim are pulled back. This is very quick and easy using a modern computer radio set, such as any of the JR Propo range of radio control systems. Hopefully, you will have rectified any control linkage problems during construction, but it’s never too late to double-check just to make sure. Stalled or binding servos will quickly drain the poor flight battery, leading to shorter available flying times and potential servo failure in the long term. Your R/C system is the heart of your model, so treat it with care. Protect against vibration by wrapping the battery and receiver in suitable high-density foam and make sure that all servos are secured with all screws (normally four), including their rubber mounting grommets and brass ‘anti-crush’ ferrules. The switch should be mounted either internally, where it can be operated by a short wire pushrod, or externally, on the side opposite the engine exhaust (if fitted). Take care to protect an external switch from moisture in wet or damp conditions. How To Build An Electric Model Airplane - Electric remote control airplanes are a popular type of model aircraft among model airplane enthusiasts. In this type of model airplane, the engine is powered by batteries, rather than by fuel. Electric model airplanes can be purchased in line-control or radio-controlled versions. - As with other model airplane kits, electric model airplane kits can also be purchased pre-assembled or as a kit you assemble. In pre-assembled kits, the major components, like the wings and the fuselage come already assembled. Some minor assembly may be required for landing gear, battery installation, and other easy to assemble parts. Electric model airplane kits that you need to assemble can be a little complex and do take some time to build before you can actually fly your model airplane. - Both pre-assembled and assembly required electric model airplane kits come with instructions to guide you through all the assemblies required to get your electric model airplane in the air. Read through and follow these instructions as you put your electric model airplane together. - One of the tools you will need to build your electric model airplane, besides the tools common to all model airplane building, is a circuit tester. A circuit tester will aid you in making the right electrical connections from your electric model airplane’s battery to the engine and to the servos that control flight and landing. Circuit testers are also a great tool to take out to the field with you to perform some pre-flight inspections and /or modifications. - Wire strippers/cutters are another tools that you may find helpful in the assembly and maintenance of your electric model airplane. This tool can strip away the plastic sheath that protects the wire and can also cut the wire to the required lengths. X-acto knives, screwdrivers, and spare parts are also suggested as part of your electric model airplane tool kit. Make sure to set the control surfaces and center of gravity as shown in the instructions. These will not necessarily be the best positions for optimum performance of your own particular model but will be sufficient to ensure a safe first flight. Depending on your piloting skills, you may wish to change these settings to suit your own flying style, but please do so one at a time so that you can easily assess any changes to flight performance. Novice pilots are advised to stick with the recommended settings unless advised otherwise by their instructor, who will preferably have been certified by the British Model Flying Association (or its equivalent in your country). If you have never flown an R/C model before, or have limited experience, please do seek help from an experienced instructor. Your model shop will be able to advise you of suitable model flying clubs in your area that can offer flight training. I hope that this article has given you some positive ideas on how to get the best from your next Almost Ready To Fly kit. Although most ARTF kits can be quickly ‘thrown together’ and still fly, you will reap even more enjoyment from your new model if you take your time during assembly to make sure that everything is straight and true. A team of pure enthusiasts, we are deeply passionate about RC planes. With decades of experience, we love to share everything we know about RC planes: product reviews, safety tips, and the latest industry news. We are fueled by a pure passion for RC aviation and commitment to both beginners and seasoned hobbyists alike. Read more…

These instructions can always be accessed by clicking the blue question mark icon in the top right of your task interface. Task Goal: To analyze and evaluate how the articles uses information from quoted sources. The bolded text appearing to the left will identify some quoted source (person, organization, or document) that has been quoted or paraphrased in the article. Your job is to answer questions about that quoted source, so the Public Editor system is better able to understand the credibility of the source, and its relevance to the article. Do your best! The first few tasks might take you 5 minutes or more. But you'll soon be doing these tasks in 2 minutes or less. And don't stress! Sometimes it is hard to choose between potential answer choices, and difficult to know for certain if you are correct. But other people are also completing these same tasks, and the PE system will find the consensus among your best efforts. (Although PE tasks appear like the quizzes and tests we took in school, no one is grading you or judging you. Your best effort is more than good enough.) Delete a highlight: You can remove any mistaken highlight by clicking on it and then pressing the 'Backspace' or 'Delete' key on your keyboard. Select different highlighters by clicking on their colored circles (inkwells) or corresponding answer choices. Adjust case flags by clicking on the +/- buttons next to the case flag number or by pressing any number key on your keyboard. If you are having trouble understanding what the questions are asking or what each answer choice means, click on the blue question mark next to the corresponding text, and a help box will appear. Feel free to overlap highlights. The interface will stack them. Note: If you see multiple colored underlines, you have stacked (overlapping) highlights. You can delete the highlights and re-highlight if needed. If you need to see more of the document, you can do so easily. Notice the slider along the bottom of the text display pane. If you click, hold, and drag the slider button all the way to the right, you will be able to see the entire document. If you drag it back the left, you will only see the bold-faced text. Zoom in/out: If you're having trouble reading the text, zoom in. If you can't see the full instructions pane below, zoom out. Zoom in or out using the 'View' menu of your Google Chrome web browser. You can also use keyboard shortcuts to zoom in or out. On a Mac, zoom in by holding the 'command' key and pressing the '+' key. Zoom out by holding the 'command' key and pressing the '-' key. On a PC, zoom in by holding the 'Ctrl' key and pressing the '+' key. Zoom out by holding the 'Ctrl' key and pressing the '-' key. For precision highlighting: Hold the 'Alt' key on Windows or the 'Options' key on Mac while highlighting. You'll notice more accurate control of word/character boundaries.

So you are working at a children's camp this summer. Your role as a counselor is perhaps the most important role at camp. Not only are you there to ensure the kids have a great time, but also to keep them safe. What does "keep safe" mean? It means to protect from danger, care for their well-being. You already know the obvious safety risks posed by swimming, boating, transportation, and food/water contamination. The safety risk I would like you to consider is one posed by one camper to another camper. While certain conduct may not leave physical marks on a child, it could cause emotional harm for a lifetime. You've heard these terms before. Bullying. Hazing. Sexual assault. Mean-girl phenomenon. The impact of this type of behavior can lead to depression and, in extreme cases, even to suicide. It can also lead the victim to seek retribution and cause harm to others. Did you know 80 percent of school shooters are victims of bullying? So, what does this have to do with you — the camp counselor? You may observe behavioral conduct that falls into these categories. You will be the first line of defense on behalf of the child being bullied, ostracized, or abused. You will hear the spreading of rumors and hurtful comments. You will see inappropriate conduct. You will have a choice to make every time you see such behavior. You will have to ask yourself, "Do I attribute it to ‘boys will be boys' and ‘girls are just mean,' or do I intervene to stop it?" Every year our company is called in to assist camp owners who learn of terrible things that happened to campers at their camps. Things they didn't learn about in real time. Sometimes it's years later when a victim finally has the courage to come forward, or when a lawsuit is filed. These incidents range from a camper sexually assaulting another camper outright or surreptitiously — while sleeping, wrestling, exercising, etc. — to conduct performed for purposes of humiliation, such as pantsing (pulling down trousers). Depending on the age of the victim, he or she may not understand what is happening and may go along with it or be afraid to come forward and report it. But make no mistake — this is child-on-child sexual misconduct. Child-on-child humiliation. It may rise to the level of a crime. While this conduct often goes on outside of adult supervision, sometimes it is seen by adults who dismiss it as harmless. Adults like you. As a counselor, it's time to put the little voices in your head to the side, those that say: "They are just horsing around." "It was just a joke." "Boys are being boys." "Girls can be mean." When a joke is at someone's expense, it is never OK. When unwanted conduct is for sexual gratification, it is never OK. When conduct is vicious and controlling, it is never OK. When conduct elicits fear, shame, and confusion, it is never OK. Being "mean" should never be part of "normal" behavior. When viewing the conduct, don't just focus on the victim and make a judgment as to whether they should be able to tolerate the behavior. Focus on the perpetrator. Think through what their motivation is. For example, mean girls (and boys) are easy to spot. They are controlling, in charge, envious, surrounded by drama. Close attention should be paid to clique behavior and who is excluded. You know bullying behavior when you see it. Perhaps you experienced it yourself growing up. The bully blames others, is verbally and maybe physically aggressive, is competitive, and doesn't accept responsibility. This all leads back to you and your responsibility to keep your campers safe. - Take your responsibility seriously. View it as an opportunity to change the trajectory of the life of the victim (and the perpetrator). - Don't write off bad behavior. Report it to your supervisor. Immediately. Don't think you can fix it yourself. You can't. It is often deeply rooted and requires professional intervention. - Pay attention to your campers — who they are friends with, who they are no longer friends with; where they choose to sleep or not to sleep; what changes they are asking for in activity schedules, or teams/groups. Wonder why they are asking. Pay attention to changes in behavior in general. A kid who is happy-go-lucky the first days of camp shouldn't become isolated and withdrawn. Homesickness? Maybe. But before you draw that conclusion, think through whether there is another root cause. - Lead with kindness. You are a role model for these campers. Set the example. - Don't view your role as limited to your own campers. If you spot behavior involving campers in another bunk or group, report it. Never presume someone else has it covered. My last recommendation is follow your gut — if something doesn't feel right, act on it. Could you be wrong? Sure, that's always a risk. By telling your supervisor, he or she will bring the necessary experience and resources to bear to determine if there is a situation that requires a response. If you are right, you will have accomplished something very important — stopping harm and minimizing the damage to another human being. What could be better than that? Have a great summer. If any of you have thoughts on this topic to share with me, I would welcome hearing from you. You can reach me at email@example.com. Suzanne Rhulen Loughlin is a founder of and general counsel for CrisisRisk Strategies, LLC. CrisisRisk™ works with leaders and boards of directors to identify strategic emerging threats and vulnerabilities that put critical assets — people, reputation, brand, key relationships, and financials — at risk. CrisisRisk develops strategies for mitigating those risks and prepares leadership teams to make decisions, take action, and effectively communicate when they materialize.

Results 21 - 40 of 95. Life Sciences - Computer Science - 18.09.2017 Analyzing the language of color The human eye can perceive millions of different colors, but the number of categories human languages use to group those colors is much smaller. Some languages use as few as three color categories (words corresponding to black, white, and red), while the languages of industrialized cultures use up to 10 or 12 categories. Physics - Computer Science - 11.09.2017 Quantum internet a step closer with data storage breakthrough The effort to build a quantum computer is often described as the space race of the 21st century. Our work will allow us to build a global network to connect quantum computers. Scientists at ANU have found a new way to store quantum data long enough to share the information around a next-generation internet which promises to be impervious to hacking. Computer Science - Mathematics - 08.09.2017 How neural networks think Artificial-intelligence research has been transformed by machine-learning systems called neural networks, which learn how to perform tasks by analyzing huge volumes of training data. During training, a neural net continually readjusts thousands of internal parameters until it can reliably perform some task, such as identifying objects in digital images or translating text from one language to another. Computer Science - Economics - 08.09.2017 Apety - the app that makes eating out a piece of cake Students from EPFL and HEC have just launched an app that streamlines how you organize a meal out with friends. Computer Science - Psychology - 06.09.2017 Computer programming languages can impact science and thought For decades, fierce debates have raged over the benefits of different programming languages over others: Java vs. C++; Python vs. Ruby; Flask vs. Django. While often waged with fervor by computer scientists and programmers, these debates tend to rely on anecdotal evidence, with very little rigorous comparison of programming approaches or the larger question of how software may augment human thinking. Physics - Computer Science - 06.09.2017 New tool for characterizing quantum simulators Physicsts are developing quantum simulators, to help solve problems that are beyond the reach of conventional computers. However, they first need new tools to ensure that the simulators work properly. Innsbruck researchers around Rainer Blatt and Christian Roos, together with researchers from the Universities of Ulm and Strathclyde, have now implemented a new technique in the laboratory that can be used to efficiently characterize the complex states of quantum simulators. Environment - Computer Science - 31.08.2017 A new mobile application helps scientists map the sound environment Anyone who owns an Android smartphone will soon be able to contribute to a research project, simply by recording surrounding noise. Health - Computer Science - 28.08.2017 New app uses smartphone selfies to screen for pancreatic cancer Pancreatic cancer has one of the worst prognoses - with a five-year survival rate of 9 percent - in part because there are no telltale symptoms or non-invasive screening tools to catch a tumor before it spreads. Now, University of Washington researchers have developed an app that could allow people to easily screen for pancreatic cancer and other diseases - by snapping a smartphone selfie. Mathematics - Computer Science - 21.08.2017 Computer Scientists from Freie Universität Are Vice World Champions in Automated Theorem Proving Automated Theorem Prover (ATP) Leo-III Developed at Freie Universität Berlin Took Second Place in Higher-Order Logic Category in World Championship No 223/2017 from Aug 21, 2017 The Leo-III computer system has been under development since 2014 by researchers Alexander Steen and Max Wisniewski under the direction of Dr. Christoph Benzmüller at the Dahlem Center for Machine Learning and Robotics at the Institute of Computer Science, Freie Universität Berlin. Politics - Computer Science - 21.08.2017 Four Generous Grants from the European Research Council Young Researchers at Freie Universität Win ERC Starting Grants No 224/2017 from Aug 21, 2017 Four researchers at Freie Universität Berlin have won ERC Starting Grants. The grants were awarded by the European Research Council (ERC) in amounts up to 1.5 million euros over a five-year period. The winning projects at Freie Universität are in the fields of Arabic studies, computer science, neuroscience, and political science. Computer Science - Innovation - 17.08.2017 Using a camera to spot and track drones EPFL researchers have shown that a simple camera can detect and track flying drones. Plus, the lightweight, energy-efficient and inexpensive technology could be installed directly on the drones themselves and enhance safety in the skies. The rising number of drones in air space poses numerous challenges. Computer Science - Economics - 16.08.2017 In a step toward fighting human trafficking, sex ads are linked to Bitcoin data !- Start of DoubleClick Floodlight Tag: Please do not remove Activity name of this tag: UCB001CP Retargeting URL of the webpage where the tag is expected to be placed: http://unknown This tag must be placed between the A UC Berkeley Ph.D. candidate has developed the first automated techniques to identify adult ads tied to human trafficking rings by linking the ads to public information from Bitcoin - the primary payment method for online sex ads. Computer Science - Life Sciences - 15.08.2017 AI, Crowdsourcing Combine To Close "Analogy Gap" - News - Carnegie Mellon University Searching and repurposing ideas could inspire innovation Researchers at Carnegie Mellon University and the Hebrew University of Jerusalem devised a method enabling computers to mine databases of patents, inventions and research papers, identifying ideas that can be repurposed to solve new problems or create products. Computer Science - 14.08.2017 The right order Ingo Scholtes from the Chair of Systems Design has developed an analytical method that takes account of the chronological order of connections within networks. This not only makes it possible to more accurately identify links between topics on the internet, but also makes it easier to predict the spread of epidemics, for example. Physics - Computer Science - 10.08.2017 Surprise discovery in the search for energy efficient information storage Today almost all information stored on hard disc drives or cloud servers is recorded in magnetic media, because it is non-volatile (i.e. it retains the information when power is switched off) and cheap. For portable devices such as mobile phones and tablets, other forms of non-magnetic memory are used because the technology based on magnetism is impractical and is not energy efficient. Mathematics - Computer Science - 10.08.2017 What’s the magic word? Artificial intelligence uses internet searches to help create mind association trick Scientists from Queen Mary University of London (QMUL) have created an artificial intelligence (AI) that uses internet searches to help co-design a word association magic trick. The computer automatically sources and processes associated words and images required for the novel mind reading card trick which is performed by a magician. Computer Science - 10.08.2017 Find out how much privacy you compromise with every click Does clicking on a link or liking a product have an impact on your privacy and your personal information? An EPFL researcher has come up with a way to browse the internet without revealing too much about yourself and without having to forgo the convenience of online product recommendations. Nowadays it is common for people to buy a book or other product that was recommended to them based on their online profile. Life Sciences - Computer Science - 10.08.2017 DNA sequencing tools lack robust protections against cybersecurity risks Rapid improvement in DNA sequencing has sparked a proliferation of medical and genetic tests that promise to reveal everything from one's ancestry to fitness levels to microorganisms that live in your gut. A new study from University of Washington researchers that analyzed the security hygiene of common, open-source DNA processing programs finds evidence of poor computer security practices used throughout the field . Computer Science - Economics - 08.08.2017 Cybercriminals are not as anonymous as we think | University of Oxford Understanding a cybercriminal's backstory - where they live, what they do and who they know, is key to cracking cybercrime, new research suggests. Online crime is of course online, but there is also a surprisingly strong offline and local dimension. Cybercriminals are often seen as faceless, international, computer masterminds, who are almost impossible to identify or understand as a result. Microtechnics - Computer Science - 07.08.2017 Spectacular images thanks to an efficient algorithm Filming of spectacular action scenes is expensive and the creative possibilities are often limited. An ETH doctoral student has developed an algorithm that allows drones to implement the desired picture compositions independently.

Welcome back everyone. I’m sure by now, most of you have heard the predictions regarding world demand for increased agricultural output across the globe, however you may not actually realise how realistic and overwhelming these projections are. The Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations (FAO) and the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) have been working extensively to envision where the world of agriculture will be over the coming decades. To put it very briefly, they expect that world food demand will increase by 70% between 2007 and 2050; and going by where we stand in 2020, these figures may well be accurate. Put your feet up everyone as I explore the ins and outs of what this means for both the globe and us here in Australia. Not only that but how this can even be remotely achievable in a few short decades. The UN project that global population will rise by 35%, from 6.9billion in 2010 to 9.3billion in 2050, which is actually far slower than it has grown previously. Urbanisation will be one of the biggest influences, as developing countries are being built upon with better resources and more access to the knowledge they need to live fuller lives. With knowledge and resources comes an increase in income. This continual growth in household income will create a shift in diet. Currently, underdeveloped countries have diets that are heavy in what you could call brown foods. Rice, beans and potatoes make up a large bulk of their consumption which is an incredibly nutrient deficient diet. These foods lack the protein, fibre, vitamins and fats that we take for granted. Increase in income will give them greater access to foods such as beef, eggs and dairy. Liberia is a fantastic example. Liberia has one of the lowest agricultural outputs in the world, according to the UN. That, along with low household incomes, has lead to their diets being primarily rice and other starchy vegetables. The middle class of Liberia also consume a lot of fish, however red meats such as beef are very hard to come by and are only found in the wealthiest of households. We must wonder how this is even a remote possibility. We also need to ponder how to achieve this without exacerbating another problem. So, how can the world double the availability of food while simultaneously cutting the environmental harm caused by agriculture? Thankfully, people are becoming more environmentally aware and can make better, greener choices. When we think about threats to the environment, we tend to picture cars and high rise buildings, not dinner. But the truth is, our need for food poses one of the biggest dangers to the planet. To put it into perspective, for every 100 calories of grain we feed animals, we get only about 40 new calories of milk, 22 calories of eggs, 12 of chicken, 10 of pork, or 3 of beef. Today only 55 percent of the world’s crop calories feed people directly; the rest are fed to livestock (about 36 percent) or turned into biofuels and industrial products (roughly 9 percent) according to the National Geographic. While it will be a challenge regardless, one of the irrefutable options for boosting food availability, tackling waste would be one of the most effective. An estimated 25 percent of the world’s food calories and up to 50 percent of total food weight are lost or wasted before they can be consumed. In wealthier countries most of that waste occurs in homes, restaurants, or supermarkets. Whereas in underdeveloped countries, food is often lost between the farmer and the market, due to unreliable storage and transportation. Consumers in the developed world could reduce waste by taking such simple steps as serving smaller portions, eating leftovers, and encouraging cafeterias, restaurants, and supermarkets to develop waste-reducing measures. Slower transportation in poor countries understandably leads to food spoilage. They have less access to refrigeration and in many cases are unable to properly store their food. When you consider food storage in Australia, all the way from kitchen Tupperware to silos, efficiency and effectiveness are paramount to a products success. Our market has access to trustworthy storage, in comparison to many places across the world which cannot access storage at all. With new, innovative technology, such as the HE Silos Thermal Insect Control System™ (TICS™), Australians can optimise their storage and avoid product spoilage. High quality steel, chemicals and fertilisers are readily available and affordable. Pests pose one of the biggest threats to global food storage. Thankfully in Australia, we have access to products that can not only treat infestations but can also aid in preventing them. Our border restrictions are commonly referred to as some of the strictest in the world, and this is to help prevent international problems on home soil. All of the technology we have available, aids us in capitalising on our resources and is the reason we are so well known for the quality of our outputs. Another consideration is how we as farmers can bridge the yield gap. By this, I mean our potential output vs. actual output. While crop varieties are constantly being researched and improved, there are many more things that can be done to optimise our land and increase output. Precision agriculture is gaining a lot of traction across the globe, and for very good reason! The consensus is the use of technology to control input and in return, increase output. Using modern technology, agriculture can be more environmentally conscious yet maximise yield. GPS is one of the most common and widely used methods of precision farming, ensuring product isn’t wasted and maximising the use of land. Drones are becoming increasingly affordable and more accurate. We are also able to more efficiently ‘map’ a crop. No one paddock will have identical soil from one end to the other. Because of this, certain areas may put out 4 tonnes to the hectare, while other areas only 2t/ha. With a mapped crop, farmers can better distribute fertilisers, seed and chemicals to the hectare, rather than the paddock. Within 20 years, these means of crop and stock monitoring will undoubtedly be the ‘new norm’, particularly in countries such as Australia and the United States. The only thing we can do is embrace the technology and learn how to use it to our advantage. 2050 may sound like a long way down the track.. but it most certainly isn’t. A mere 30 years away, and we sure do have a lot of work to do before then. The prospect of a demand that high can be daunting, but we are already on the right track to making the most of our resources. Technology is becoming increasingly available in poorer countries, and as we speak products are being designed to better manage cost, logistics, maintenance and storage. For example, HE Silo’s Forbes has recently designed what we call a kit silo. These silos are cost effective and can ease logistical stresses. Regardless of the issues we face, both as a country and globally, we have what we need to keep up with demand. It’s up to all of us to turn the opportunity into success. Thanks for joining everyone!

Currently, the Eastern part of Africa is experiencing one of the worst droughts on record. More than ten million people are affected in countries such as Djibouti, Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia, and Uganda. With increasing food prices, dry land, failing crops and dying livestock, many Africans in these countries simply don’t have access to food. Malnutrition rates are skyrocketing, disease is spreading, and people don’t know where to turn for help. And with rain not expected until October, this situation is unfortunately going to continue to get worse before it gets better. Forced to leave their homes and desperate for relief, hundreds of thousands are fleeing to refugee camps. Dadaab, which is located in Kenya, is the world’s largest refugee camp. It is built to accommodate about 90,000 people, but it is currently trying to house and serve more than 350,000 refugees – about four times the capacity. Not surprisingly, this has led to overcrowding and increasingly limited resources, which is something these individuals already understand far too well. My first thought: where are the relief agencies? The U.N. has reportedly requested hundreds of millions of dollars in relief for Somalia, Kenya, and Djibouti, but only about half has been received by Somalia and Kenya, and about one-third by Djibouti. With increasing food prices and already limited resources, these refugee camps – which are basically a last chance for survival for hundreds of thousands of people – are going to run out of food, space, money, and medical supplies. It’s not like the African continent is unfamiliar with droughts. Though in the past, they’ve typically occurred about once every decade. Recently, however, droughts have not only become more common, but also much more severe. The most likely culprit of these devastating droughts? Climate change. This drought is yet one more demonstration of how climate change is coming faster and stronger than the world can handle. Unfortunately for East Africans, the already complex issue of climate change coupled with poverty and limited resources makes for an extremely difficult situation to resolve. The plan of attack must be multidimensional. First and foremost, food prices need to drop, relief agencies need to step it up, and there needs to be a plan for when the next drought strikes. The short-term problems of providing enough food and supplies to survive the drought must be addressed as soon as possible so living conditions, disease, and malnutrition don’t get worse. Additionally, the long-term challenges of climate change and creating sustainable ways to handle future droughts must be considered. Unfortunately, the assumption must be that droughts will continue, and that they will most likely become even more regular and severe. So the only way that African citizens will be able to survive upcoming droughts is to develop preparation strategies that will make living conditions bearable until the rain finally comes. One possibility is to create man-made ponds throughout the region. During times of sufficient rain, water can be collected in these ponds, and it can be reserved for times of drought. Of course, they’d have to be numerous and widespread enough to be capable of distributing water to the entire region, but it’s certainly feasible with a group effort. Another option is to plant more crops that can survive droughts, like cassava. If all of the other crops die, a supply of drought-tolerant crops could be what ultimately saves a community. One thing is clear: individuals in this region can no longer expect to only experience one drought per decade, and there needs to be a plan for long-term survival. The current strategy of fleeing to refugee camps is no longer enough, as space and resources are simply insufficient to accommodate hundreds of thousands of people. Individual countries, regions, and communities need to develop their own sustainable tactics that will enable them to survive future droughts without leaving their homes. And, of course, there needs to be new ideas for how to combat climate change so these devastating environmental tragedies can eventually stop. Rebecca Birnbaum is a Program and Research Intern for the SISGI Group focusing on nonviolent conflict resolution, nonprofit management, and sustainable development. She is a senior at the University of Michigan, where she studies Anthropology, Political Science, and Peace and Social Justice. To learn more about the SISGI Group, visit www.sisgigroup.org.

Developing participatory history teaching: Living History Clubs in Nigeria Sunday Olawale Olaniran “To be ignorant of what happened before you were born is to remain a child always.” (Cicero) Understanding the history of their community and country can be an important way for children to better understand current situations, and also develop their interest and skills as responsible citizens who can help develop an inclusive and flourishing society. Yet history teaching is often exclusive and disinteresting for many children. In this article, Olaniran describes a project that seeks to bring history to life in Nigerian schools and thus enable diverse learners to engage in and benefit from this important subject. Why is history important for today’s society? ‘Historical illiteracy’ is increasingly common in developed and developing societies. Many young people have lost their appetite for history as a subject in school. Yet history helps us connect the past with the present. Not only can an understanding of history help us avoid ‘repeating the errors of the past’, it can help us understand how and why our society exists and give us a stronger reason to contribute meaningfully as a member of that society. Bringing history to life Literacy Education and Empowerment for Development in Nigeria (LEEDNigeria), an Ibadan-based non-profit initiative, was worried by the cultural and historical illiteracy it observed among young Nigerians, especially those in high schools. Recent information showed the total absence of history as a subject in most secondary schools in the country. Of 12 schools visited in Ibadan North, Ibadan North East and Akinyele Local Governments of Oyo State, none had a history teacher. LEEDNigeria therefore decided to take action, and launched a learning club called the ‘Living History Club’ in selected public and private high schools in Oyo State. The initiative was developed with training and support from the Project Social Impact Institute. Living History Clubs aim to equip young Nigerians with the historical knowledge and skills needed to become patriotic, responsible and responsive citizens in their societies. Most school children sing “the labour of our heroes past shall never be in vain” – a line from the national anthem – every morning at school. But few of them know who these heroes are and why they are considered heroes. Young Nigerians today seem to know and care more about films, sex, pop stars and football. Our Living History Project is creating contents and materials to educate and inform young people about what has happened in the past, the characters involved, their roles and actions, and help them reflect on how this is shaping today’s events. We believe this opportunity to learn from the past will help Nigeria achieve sustainable development in the future. Members of a Living History Club How the clubs work Selected high schools in Ibadan were contacted to host the clubs as part of their extra-curricular activities. Normally, every school in Nigeria has a dedicated time (mostly an hour per week) for extra-curricular activities like sports, drama, quizzes and debates. The selected schools reviewed the Living History Club concept note and curriculum and then accepted to host a Living History Club as part of their weekly extra-curricular activities. LEEDNigeria recruited young university students (undergraduates and graduates) as volunteers to facilitate the learning activities of the clubs. They are called the ‘Literacy Fellows’ and volunteer two hours a week to work in the Living History Clubs and other literacy outreach activities. The Literacy Fellows are trained for two weeks on basic advocacy and facilitation skills, as well as on different domains of literacy. The club activities are normally held inside the school premises, usually in a classroom. Learning materials provided for the clubs include a multimedia projector, short historical videos, national symbols, and pictures of individuals and places of history. The target participants for the Living History Clubs are students in senior high school classes who have a passion for arts and community service. They are normally recruited at the beginning of school terms, when other clubs in the school are also carrying out enrolment/recruitment activities. Examples of other popular clubs in Nigerian schools are jet club (science and engineering), young farmers’ club, IT club, etc. Content and methods The content and curriculum for the clubs are always designed in advance for each school term. For instance, for the term May to August 2015 the topic was ‘Nigerian Flag: the origin and significance’. It was divided into five sub-topics: the evolution of the flag worldwide and why nations use flags; the origin of the Nigerian flag; the significance of the colours; the laws that guide the treatment and use of the Nigerian flag; and the designer of the Nigerian flag. These sessions lasted six weeks and club members learned about the importance of flags to any nation, as well as specific reference to their own national flag. One interesting thing about our club activities is the use of symbols, pictures and videos which make the teaching more amusing and interactive. For instance, we did not just teach our club members about flags, we took lots of miniature flags to the classroom for them to hold, feel the textures, and see the colours (visual and tactile methods help more children to engage in the learning process, and so help to make the process more inclusive). This is why it is called the ‘Living History Club’. A key problem is that when history is taught, teachers mostly use traditional, passive methods like reading texts to pupils from history books. This does not appeal to today’s multimedia-driven teenagers, and also excludes children who struggle to learn in this way. History teachers and scholars need to learn how to move from passive history to interactive history. Children want to watch, play, interact, and perform while learning – and these methods are proven to be more effective ways of learning anyway, for children with diverse abilities. Members of a Living History Club Living History Clubs have been established in selected schools to promote creative history, leadership and a sense of patriotism among school-aged adolescents. We hope to increase the number of clubs before the end of 2015, and to expand to other Nigerian states. As part of the sustainability plans, we are currently working on a series of easy-to-read short books on Nigerian history for today’s school children. These will be made available online. Sunday Olawale Olaniran is the founder and team lead of LEEDNigeria in Ibadan, Nigeria.

IMAGINE cushions that lift up instead of sinking when you sit on them. Impossible? Not according to a blueprint for new materials with “negative compressibility”: these materials compress when pulled and expand when pushed. Metamaterials that do this have been built before, but the designs must be vibrated at just the right frequency to see the effect. Zachary Nicolaou and Adilson Motter of Northwestern University in Evanston, Illinois, have now designed a metamaterial that stretches when compressed, and vice versa, under any circumstances. That should be impossible, as any material that behaves this way would be inherently unstable and instantly…

The Wadi Tribe Accelerated Reader Program Accelerated Reader is a computer-based program that schools or parents may use to monitor reading practice and progress. It helps teachers or parents guide kids to books that are on kids’ individual reading levels. Kids take short quizzes after reading a book to check if they’ve understood it. The program has been carefully developed by teachers and authors.

Why Get Rid of Wisdom Teeth? Wisdom teeth are the third set of molars at the very back of the mouth. They appear in late adolescence, at about ages 17 to 25, depending on the individual. The problem is that most people simply don’t have enough room to accommodate these extra teeth. When wisdom teeth are “impacted,” it means they are causing problems for neighboring teeth, possibly disrupting their alignment. They are also notorious for emerging in irregular positions, partially emerging, or failing to emerge at all. All this results in problems that may include pain, swelling, irritation & sensitivity, as well as bad breath and infection. Additionally, for those who do have room to accommodate these extra teeth, keeping them into adulthood can cause other difficulties. Being situated so far back in the mouth makes them hard to brush and floss properly. In the long run, wisdom teeth experience higher rates of cavities and tooth decay and often end up requiring extraction. Then Why Do We Have Them? In prehistoric times, skeletal records have shown that our jaws were bigger. Humans required a powerful jaw and sturdy teeth to withstand chewing raw plants and uncooked meat. However, the human jaw has atrophied due to the advent of cooking and a modern diet consisting of softer foods. Still, throughout most history, until relatively recently, it was common to lose teeth. Therefore it was helpful to have an extra molar in each quadrant. Nowadays, thankfully, people are keeping their full set of teeth until much later in life. That’s good news for their oral health, but unfortunately, it means they often need wisdom teeth extraction. Does My Child Need Their Wisdom Teeth Removed? Wisdom tooth removal has become a common rite of passage, but it’s not always necessary. For children and adolescents at our practice, we will monitor their development with routine X-rays, performed at regular intervals. Then we can determine if and when the wisdom teeth need to go!

Effect of Motor-Rehabilitation Training Programme for Children with Cerebral Palsy Department of Special Education, Princess Rahma College, Al-Balqa� Applied University, Al-Salt, Jordan Special education plays a significant role through different sport-training programmes to improve the lives of people with special needs worldwide. A direct interaction of people with special needs within the society is an indicator of civilized nations as every one in the society has the right to live with mutual understanding of duties and responsibilities toward the society. People with cerebral palsy are considered as a group of special needs people. In recent years many educators adopted a variety of sport-training programmes and rehabilitation programmes to improve the ability of special needs people. This became evident as they became capable to help themselves accomplish specific tasks in every day activities. Such programmes aimed toward improving different skills in people with cerebral palsy including and not limited to the physical, mental, or social interactions. Individuals with cerebral palsy can be recognized by un-natural symptoms such as irregular movement in walking, setting and other motor-motions for every day activities (Al-Alam, 1994). Kirk and Chalfant (1984) indicated that children, who have difficulties in gross motor skills, might fail in developing the motor awareness coordination, as a result of weakness in coordination between the eye and the hand when handling things. This clarifies the fact that healthy body shape is capable of accomplishing any physical movement successfully. Cerebral palsy is recognized as a form of handicap directly connected to motor paralysis interrelated to brain damage (Al-Roosan, 1998). Authors during different time periods indicated that cerebral palsy in children could occur from loosing muscle control in the early stages of the childs life even during pregnancy or during birth (Damino, 2003; WHO, 2002; Warner, 1992). Cerebral palsy is an abnormal change caused by damage in the nervous system, leading to unbalanced growth and motor imbalance (Krigger, 2006). The symptoms of cerebral palsy include muscle weakness and other difficulties in the childs capability of motor movement. The American Academy for Cerebral Palsy integrated the types of cerebral palsy according to muscle weakness. This system is considered the most popular worldwide and can be divided into five types: Spasticity, Athetosis, Ataxia, Rigidity and Tremor (American Academy for Cerebral Palsy, 2004) . This research directly deals with spasticity cerebral palsy children between the ages of 8-12 implementing a sport-training programme to improve their motor-rehabilitation. Children with spasticity cerebral palsy are known to have hyper muscle tension and excessive muscle response (Krigger, 2006). The amount of muscle tension depends on the general case of the child and the level of motivation. If sever hyper tension exist, the body remains in a certain position leading to contraction in the injured parts, specially the ones close to the body center. Such phenomenon develops into contracture positional anomaly lordosis or hip anomaly, knees and fingers as less use of such parts cause more weakness. Spasticity cerebral palsy is the most common type of cerebral palsy (50-60%) and is divided into Quadriplegia, Paraplegia and Hemiplegia. Over eighty percent of spasticity cerebral palsy occurs during pregnancy with athetosis in muscles leading to size shrinkage (Warner, 1992; WHO, 2002; Messerols, 2002). Prevention of cerebral palsy starts with the female caring for her health at puberty and as a mother in the future. A pregnant woman needs to ensure the best possible diet for her and the un-born child. Strengthening the immune system by taking the series of vaccinations needed. Different social, economical and environmental issues in a society plays a significant role in the health care of the woman and the unborn child (Cornell et al., 1997). Health awareness programmes for pregnant women are a useful tool used worldwide to reduce the chances of different diseases to the unborn children especially cerebral palsy. Many studies indicated that (80 of 1000) newborn children with total weight less than 4.4 lb might be diagnosed with cerebral palsy. Recently and due to different health awareness programmes for pregnant women reduced the number to (15 of 1000) newborn children in developed countries and (2.0-2.5 of 1000) newborns in the United States (Krigger, 2006). Such reduction became evident due to two major factors: (a) improvement of pregnant women and future mothers. (b) Sufficient intensive care for newborn babies in the diagnosed stage of cerebral palsy (Vizkelety et al., 1991). Duties of any society toward children with cerebral palsy are not limited to one task of action, support, or assistance. This is due to many reasons including the burden of these children on themselves, their families and as a result on the whole society reflecting on social, psychological and economical aspects of life. In addition to such facts, in most third world countries families with cerebral palsy children usually lack education and the social life they deserve. Usually one member of the family is designated to assist the diagnosed child with daily activities where such assistant would lack attending school, deprived of education and social relationships. In every stage of the cerebral palsy child new equipments are needed with extra cost on the family. The author believes that simple tools and physical therapy sessions are the key elements in improving the conditions of cerebral palsy children. Implementing a sport-training programme to improve motor-movements in children with cerebral palsy. The programme tested activities before and after the improvements of gross-motor skills as statistical indicators at one level of (α≤0.05). Further more, the implemented programme activities were tested on the fine motor skills before and after at one level of (α≤0.05). Students within the age group of 8-12 diagnosed with mild spasticity cerebral palsy from a specialized education school for cerebral palsy children were chosen for the designed sport-training programme. To build a training programme, several studies were reviewed, including: (Vermeer, 1987; Winnick and Short, 1985; Wilmore, 1982; Price, 1980; Weiss and Beck, 1973). Initially, the sample group showed a lack of physical fitness and after warm up then increasing the educational units to five a week. Every programme contained 36 units each in a 50 min long period. A full review of each childs file and medical records to assure similarities of conditions among sample members were conducted. A total of eight children (4 males and 4 females) with normal intelligence quotient (IQ), diagnosed with hemiplegia spasticity cerebral palsy were chosen for the programme as shown in Table 1. The sport-training programme consisted of 36 training units divided into two categories as follows: |Relaxation of muscular tension exercises to decrease hyper tension muscles such as flexibility exercises, deep breathing exercises (to reach the relaxation level of breathing during sleep), control the amount of required muscular tension to accomplish a certain job, motor relaxation practices (vibrations) and all mentioned exercises together for satisfaction body relaxation. |Water physiotherapy exercises was used in order to activate blood circulation in the body and to dispose of excessive accumulation of waste as it was generated from chemical changes in the muscles by using water and its heat temperature to relax the joints and skin in order to increase the motion range in different joints. Three types of training were used: |Appropriate motor models in water |Structured water games. |Motor control in water. Reliability content was conducted on all tests and items in the rehabilitation programme. As presented to different experts in the field for direct feed back, comments and suggestions that might help in the rehabilitation programme processes including implementation, or any expected outcome and improvements on all tests for motor skills (gross and fine) activities as shown in Fig. 1. On the other hand, discrepant reliability was applied on the motor rehabilitation tests on the same number of a group of healthy students from the same age living under the same social conditions. The results indicated significant differences in averages of motor skill tests among healthy students and diagnosed students leading to statistical significant differences among the two groups as shown in Table 2. Pre and aft motor tests were conducted within a two-week period to accomplish external validity. The outcome provided true validity in the range of (0.78-0.98) such values are suitable for the study as it represents actual physical measurements. |Distribution of the sample group |Discrepant reliability for motor skills among normal and diagnosed children |Performance of motor skills (catch and throw) The goal of this research was to evaluate the effectiveness of a sport-training programme on motor skills for children (males and females) diagnosed with mild spasticity cerebral palsy within the age group of 8-12. Statistical analysis using Wilcoxon Test revealed at significant difference at the level of (α≤0.05) in the average general motor skills before and after the implementation of the sport-training programme as shown in Table 3. Indicating improvements on the general motor skills at different levels among the sample group. An increase in the number of successful attempts became evident after the implementation of the sport-training programme. On the other hand, a decrease in the time needed to accomplish different motor skill activities (which demanded the use of the large muscles) were recorded for most of the sample group. Such accomplishments indicate an improvement of the balance level, neuro muscular harmony, accuracy and speed in motion response in the sample group due to the implementation of the proposed sport-training programme. Further more, the sport-training programme measured improvements of the fine motor skills on the same sample group before and after conducting the programme. The statistical analysis using Wilcoxon Test on different activities of fine motor skills before and after indicated a significance difference at (α≤0.05) as shown in Table 4. Leading to the fact that improvements on the fine motor skills were present among the sample group as a result of the fine motor skill activities in the sport-training programme. The sport-training programme test results presented as graphs in Fig. (2-7) showed the improvement differences before and after the implementation of the programme in all sample groups. The sport-training programme test achievement was dependent on the performance during a limited time. |Performance of motor skills (right and left stretching) |Performance of motor skills (dynamic flexibility) |Performance of motor skills on the balance board The gross motor skill activities used in the programme such as throw and catch, stretching, zigzag running, protraction, side and forward walking on the balance board, flexibility and dynamic flexibility showed improvements. The performance of these test exercises depends strongly on the big muscles of the body, level of balance, neuro muscular harmony, softness and speed of motion response. |Wilcoxon test before and after implementation of the sport training programme (Gross Motor Skills) at the level of α≤0.05 |Wilcoxon test before and after implementation of the sport training programme (fine motor skills) at the level of α≤0.05 This is in strong agreement with Volman et al. (2002) in response to the improvement in speed and accuracy in the neuro muscular harmony for different motor skill activities. Also the results of the improvements on the protraction test exercises agreed with Deluca (2002) tests, as the optimum goal was to reach maximum limits for protraction in the members of the sample group. It is worth mentioning that protraction is considered a helping factor in dynamic flexibility. The leg muscle force, which is considered as a central base in measuring the level of physical shapeness, in addition to the other test exercises such as the zigzag running, forward walking on the balance board came in strong agreement with the study conducted by Plundell and Shepherd (2002). On the other hand, the study showed significant differences in the average of all pre and aft tests for the fine motor skills such as the speed of building cubes and stringing beads on threads in a limited time frame. These tests depended on the visual movement coordination and the sensory movement awareness. This is in full agreement with the results of the study conducted by Pumin and Kayihan (2000) on the improvement in the sensory movement awareness for a sample group having spacticity. Pumin and Kayihan (2000) emphasized on the importance of the rehabilitation programmes for people with cerebral palsy. Dynamic flexibility test results showed improvement in all individuals in the sample group. Keeping in mind that the absence or shortages of dynamic flexibility is the main cause of disability in accomplishing activities that require flexibility in movements. For example, playing childhood games such as role play for females and any speed games for males assure normal growth, however the absence of capabilities to play such games create an inconsistency with negative results such as fear, depression and loneliness. |Performance of fine motor skills (speed in building cubes) |Performance of fine motor skills (stringing beads on threads) Such complications prevent the release of energy in children leading to physical and physiological problems. This agrees with the conducted research by Tieman (2003) on children between the ages of 6-14 years where motion is essential for daily activities and its absence may limit the social activities for children with cerebral palsy. |Hierarchy of the implemented sport training programme The present study is also in agreement with Ketelaar et al. (2001) which showed that increasing levels of motion capabilities, awareness and training would provide happiness and joy to overcome obstacles in children with cerebral palsy. The success of a child in completing an exercise for the first time brings him joy and further trust in himself and his capabilities, as it was very noticeable with the sample group in this research. Coppold (2004) and Damian and Abel (1998) assured through different studies that training through exercises for children with brain paralyses showed positive results in motion level and every day activities. The consistency of achieved motions in cerebral palsy children improves their ability to rely on themselves for most of the daily activities. The following results can be concluded from this research: |There are individual differences in the performance among the sample group in all of the general and fine motor skill related tests. |Organized rehabilitation programmes for motor skills is a major factor in improving the level of performance and the use of internal energy in children diagnosed with spacticity cerebral palsy. |Rehabilitation exercises for children with cerebral palsy is a major contribution factor in reducing the feeling of fear in accomplishing different daily tasks and raising the level of self-confidence in the diagnosed children. |A structured sport curriculum implementation on weekly bases for spacticity children plays a significant role in nourishing and improving the life styles of children diagnosed with cerebral palsy. |Specialized educational schools for children with cerebral palsy should focus on planned programmes that are keen to raise the inter action of children with different social and physical activities among the community. |Aimed seminars toward the families and society of children with cerebral palsy and how to deal with them on a daily bases would be of great benefit to both society and the children. |Further enhancement of the educators of cerebral palsy children with what is new in educational perspective is always a plus for the society as a whole.

MSL Rover Overview The Rover has a length of 3m and a weight of 900kg (1,984lbs). The science instruments weigh 80kg (176lbs). At the size of a compact car, it is the largest Mars Rover to date. Curiosity at a Glance - Weight: 900 Kilograms - Dimensions (Without Arm): 3.0 x 2.7 x 2.2 Meters - Arm Reach: 2.2 Meters - Wheels: 6 - Instruments: 10 - Major Components: Warm Electronics Box, Computers and Memory Avionics Boxes, Inertial Measurement Unit, Remote Sensing Mast, Robotic Arm, Mobility System, Heat Rejection System - Power Generation: Multi Mission Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generator, 125W - Traverse Speed: 90 Meters per Hour (max) - Mission Duration: 668 Sols (686 Earth Days) - Mission: “To search areas of Mars for past or present conditions favorable for life, and conditions capable of preserving a record of life. WEB – Warm Electronics Box The Rover’s main structure is called the warm electronics box or WEB. It is the outer layer of the vehicle that provides structural integrity and protection against environmental loads. Inside the WEB are the electronics and computers of MSL. The Rover Equipment Deck is on top of the WEB. This triangular shaped plate is a platform for external instruments like the rover’s mast and High Gain Antenna. Computers and Memory Capabilities The Rover Computer is a part of the Rover Computing Unit that is the central computing component of the vehicle and is located inside the WEB and its stable environment. Communication interfaces enable the RCU to exchange data with the instruments and sensors. This industry standard interface Bus is used for communication and control of all rover motors, science instruments and other functions. The On-Board Memory can tolerate the extreme radiation environment of space and it is protecting data in case of power-off cycles, so no data is erased when the Rover shuts down unexpectedly. 256MB of DRAM and 2GB of Flash Memory with error detection and correction are included in the system. Also, 256KB of EEPROM are available. This onboard memory system is 8 times as capable as the one used for the Mars Exploration Rovers. The Rover Computers are the prime health assessment system of the rover. They register all signs of health, temperature sensor readings and other properties that keep the rover alive like power generation and consumption. This control loop is constantly checking itself to make sure it is able to communicate and remains within thermal requirements. Temperatures are checked at chosen intervals to ensure the WEB remains in a stable condition. The system has the ability to autonomously respond to thermal events like overheating, record power generation and storage levels and prepare for communication passes. Rover Operations (taking pictures, driving, operating the science systems) are performed under commands that are transmitted in a command sequence that is developed by the flight team on Earth. Constant engineering, housekeeping and analysis telemetry feeds as well as periodic status reports are stored by the computer and are made available for downlink by the ground team. The computer system is fully redundant with one system being the prime computing unit and the other being asleep ready for activation should the prime string fail. IMU – Inertial Measurement Unit One IMU is installed on the MSL rover. It will provide 3-axis information on the exact position and orientation of the vehicle. This system enables the Rover to make accurate vertical, horizontal and yaw movements. It is used to calculate the level of tilt the rover is experiencing on surface features. The IMU will support rover navigation in order to make safe traverses. In addition to the science cameras (Mastcam, ChemCam, MARDI, MAHLI), several other cameras are installed on the rover that fulfill different purposes. Four Engineering Hazard Avoidance Cameras are installed on the lower portion of the front and rear end of the rover vehicle. These cameras will acquire black and white photography using visible light generating 3D pictures when processing the two frames. Imagery taken by the system will be used to safeguard against the rover getting lost or crashing into unexpected objects, Software automatically processes the imagery and makes safety decisions. Should a problem be identified, the rover will stop operations and the ground team will be given the opportunity to make a final decision after downlinking the stereo pair. Each camera has a field of view of 120°. The image that is generated by the rover maps out the terrain in front of behind the rover as far as 3 meters. Two engineering cameras, called NavCams for Navigation Camera, are mounted on the vehicle. These cameras will gather black and white images of a panoramic nature. 3D images will be generated from the photography. Each camera has a field of view of 45°. NavCam footage will be used by ground engineers and scientists in order to navigate the rover from Earth. The system works in cooperation with the Hazard Avoidance Cameras providing a complementary view of the area that surrounds the rover. RA – Robotic Arm The robotic arm holds and maneuvers a turret that is mounted at the front end of it and holds the instruments and devices necessary to conduct contact science and acquire samples. An extensive description of the Arm and its Operations can be found on the MSL Sampling Page. MSL has 6 individually controlled wheels. Each wheel has its own motor. The two front and rear wheels have individual steering motors allowing the rover to turn in place. 4-Wheel steering also enables the vehicle to make arching turns. Cleats on the wheels provide grip needed when climbing, translating through soft sand or scrambling over rocks. MSL includes a suspension system that keeps the rover body in balance at all times. The suspension system allows the rover to drive over rocky terrain without experiencing sudden changes in vehicle balance. hen one side of the rover goes up, the other sides goes down prompted by the suspension system to even out the weight distribution on all the wheels. A tilt angle of 45 degrees in any given direction could be supported by the rover, however the mission design places the upper limit for rover tilting at 30°. The suspension system allows the rover to go over obstacles or through holes that are larger than a wheel diameter (50cm). At top speed, the rover will be going 4cm per second. Communication System and Data Rates MSL is equipped with a High Gain Antenna and a Low Gain Antenna that are both located on the Rover Equipment Deck. The low gain antenna is omni-directional – it sends and receives data in every direction. Radio Waves at a low rate are transmitted by the LGA. The Deep Space Network on Earth receives that data. The HGA needs to be pointed as it sends a focused radio signal in a specific direction. It is steerable and points itself to any chosen DSN antenna on Earth. The MSL rover does not need to move to make contact with Earth as the antenna provides a certain amount of range capabilities. MSL will send and receive information directly from Earth. Also, it will use the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter and the Odyssey Orbiter as Communication Assets. MRO/Odyssey will receive data from MSL that is then transmitted to Earth on the next communication pass. In addition to that, MRO/Odyssey will get data for MSL from a DSN Antenna which is then relayed to the rover. The advantage of this communication technique is that the orbiting spaceraft are much closer to the vehicle on Mars than the DSN on Earth. Also, the orbiters have much longer communication windows with Earth. For this communication technique, UHF antannas on the Orbiter will be utilized. The MSL rover also includes one UHF Antenna on the rover deck to talk to MRO. Another factor are data rates. When communicating directly Earth, Uplink/Downlink data rates are between 500 Bits per second and 32,000 Bits per second. When the Rover is connected to an orbiter, data rates of up to 2 Million Bits per second for MRO and 128,000 or 256,000 Bits per second for Odyssey. During daily Orbiter passes of 8 Minutes, 250 megabits of data can be exchanged. Data rates from the orbiters to Earth are also fairly high as the orbiting spacecraft have a larger power capability and much bigger antennas. MSL will have Communication passes with Earth for several hours per sol exchanging data mainly before beginning operations and after the sol’s activities have concluded. To generate power, MSL carries a Multi-Mission Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generator that provides electricity from the heat of Plutonium’s radioactive decay. The MMRTG converts the heat emitted by naturally decaying materials into electricity. The system consists of a heat source that contains Plutonium-238 Dioxide and a set of solid-state thermocouplers that convert the energy into electricity. Eight General Purpose Heat Source Modules containing a total of 4.8kg Plutonium Dioxide that initially produces 2,000 Watts of thermal power and 120W of electrical power after conversion. The MMRTG is 64cm in diameter and 66cm in length. Its total weight is 45kg. It will provide power for the primary MSL Mission of at least one Mars Year (687 Days on Earth), however MMRTGs are built to provide power for ~14 years. Also, the heat produced by the MMRTG is used to heat the vehicle and its system to avoid thermal limit violation. In Martian Winter, more energy will be needed to keep the vehicle warm so that electricity levels decrease during that period causing science time to be lost as well.

Now things are different. With Little Books, he turned his attitude around, and he is excited and wants to read. He “gets it”. Each day he looks forward to our time together as we sit down and read these stories. Each book builds on the skills and words learned in the previous book. So each story gets more interesting and your student is more excited to have mastered more skills as he progresses. I See Sam Are you wondering where to start in teaching your child to read? Do you need a guided plan to help you help your child to develop reading skills? Are you working with a child who is learning to read, or a child reading in the K-3 reading levels? Are you working with an older child who knows how to read, but is reading below their grade level? I See Sam, by Academic Success For All Learners, helps children in k-3 learn how to read and to read better than traditional reading programs. I See Sam uses the Little Books in sequence to accomplish learning goals. The Little Books are broken down into 8 sets with specific learning objectives. Each book has two main objectives: learning elements of code in the book (sounds, words, word skills, and morphology); and using decoding skills to comprehend the story. Little Books focus on phonics, phonemic awareness, fluency, vocabulary, and comprehension. Check out their Scope And Sequence page for specific information in each set. I See Sam Little Books can be used by homeschools, tutors, parents, schools, and after school programs. Each Little Books order includes an instructors guide, progress tracking charts, and success certificates to assist you in a successful reading adventure. Each set cost approximately $30 and is available on the Academic Success For All Learners website. We were sent set 1 and set 2 to review. My seven year old son is learning to read and he loves these Little Books. He is ready to learn to read. He knows all his letters and sounds and can write them. But after learning these things, he decide he didn’t want to try to sound out words in books we were reading together. He has a short attention span, and I wasn’t getting him to focus on reading. So I decided to try an online beginning reading program with him recently, and it too did not go so well. They offer a free trial period and his brothers have used this reading program and love the games on it. I thought he would love it as it was colorful, had games, and lots of interesting things to do, but he hated it. He was so frustrated, even with my help he felt lost and didn’t want to do it. Brace yourself. This is real. This is a picture I took as he struggled to understand the concepts in the online reading program (not mentioning any names). It was a sure tantrum! A total melt down and he refused to work at it. He said he did not want to learn to read. I knew it was over stimulating for him with all the animation, games, and music on the program. He is easily overwhelmed and frustrated if he doesn’t “get it”. But I didn’t know what program to use to help him learn the concepts of reading. He didn’t want me to teach him. I am so glad we were introduced to the I See Sam Little Books. No more pulling my hair out trying to encourage him to sound out the words. Nope! Nada! He learns a few new sounds and a few new words as he progresses through each book. He remembers those sounds and words in the next book. Wow! He definitely gets the illustrations and can’t wait to show me the silly antics the characters are doing in the story. His older brothers were joking the other day and told him when he finishes the Little Books, he will get a reading license (like a driver’s license). No kidding, he believes them, and is excited to reach his goal and get the completion certificate that he now believes is a reading license. This is one myth I am not going to rebuttle. If he wants to see the certificate as a license, and a milestone or part of growing older, and wants to acheive it so he can eventually get other important licenses in the future, then by all means go for it. It works for me! Whew! With all the fit throwing he was doing, I didn’t think he was going to read for a while longer. Now he is reading! Thank you Little Books! Thank you big brothers too. Each set of Little Books are color coded for each learning level and contains from 10 to 27 books. Set 2 Set 3 Set 4 Set 6 Set 7 Set 8 Though we are in a homeschool setting, these books are used in group settings too. Check out these videos below to see how these books are applied in a small group. Here is a video showing Little Books Set 1 being used in a small group. Here is a video showing Little Books Set 4 being used in a small group. Here is a video of three children and a teacher reading Little Books Set 6. If you would like to download a sample book and see for yourself how much fun these Little Books are to learn with, please click the button below. Several towns around the country have embraced the read to succeed literacy model. Their goal is to help children in schools learn to read and help parents learn to be a tutor to their child. Here is a CBS News clip I found on You Tube that shows how one town embraced the Reading For All Learners program. Academic Success For All Learners program has several other products available on their website. They offer flash cards, puppets, worksheets, advanced reading resources and lots of free resources too. Be sure to check out their site for more information. I was sent I See Sam Little Books set 1 and set 2 for the purpose of writing an honest review. If you would like to see what others on the Homeschool Crew had to say about this product, please check out the TOS Homeschool Crew Blog. Have you tried the I SEE SAM Little Books reading program and if so, what did you think about it? Now things are different. With Little Books, he turned his attitude around, and he is excited and wants to read. He “gets it”. Each day he looks forward to our time together as we sit down and read these stories. Each book builds on the skills and words learned in the previous book. So each story gets more interesting and your student is more excited to have mastered more skills as he progresses.

In a groundbreaking oral cancer study by researchers at NYU College of Dentistry, an essential protein named ORAI1 has been identified as a major player in promoting oral cancer growth and generating persistent pain for patients. This discovery provides valuable insights into the mechanics of oral cancer and opens up promising avenues for innovative treatment approaches to help patients suffering from oral cacner. Understanding Oral Cancer: A Silent Threat Oral cancer manifests in the tissues of the mouth or throat. This includes the lips, tongue, gums, and the lining of the cheeks and floor of the mouth. While the symptoms of oral cancer may initially go unnoticed, early detection is crucial for effective treatment. Statistics and Figures: According to recent statistics from the American Cancer Society: - In 2022, an estimated 54,010 new cases of oral cavity or oropharyngeal cancers are expected in the United States alone. - The incidence of oral cancer is significantly higher in men than in women. - Roughly 10,850 deaths are projected in 2022 due to oral and oropharyngeal cancers. - The risk of developing oral cancer increases with age, with the average age of diagnosis being 62. - Lifestyle factors such as tobacco use, excessive alcohol consumption, and exposure to human papillomavirus (HPV) significantly contribute to the development of oral cancer. Signs and Symptoms Oral cancer often presents itself subtly, maintaining regular dental check-ups is crucial for early detection. Common signs include: - Persistent mouth sores that do not heal. - Unexplained bleeding or numbness in the mouth. - Sudden weight loss. - Difficulty or pain while swallowing. - Persistent hoarseness or changes in voice. Prevention and Early Detection Understanding the risk factors and adopting a healthy lifestyle, including regular dental check-ups, can play a pivotal role in preventing oral cancer. Dr. Perrone conducts thorough examinations, checking for any abnormalities or suspicious lesions as well as using the VELscope tool for early oral cancer detection. Awareness, coupled with proactive measures, empowers individuals to take charge of their oral health, fostering a community equipped to combat the silent threat of oral cancer. ORAI1: The Calcium Gatekeeper Picture ORAI1 as the gatekeeper of calcium, essential for cellular functions. The study draws inspiration from Greek mythology, where ORAI calcium channels are likened to the three sisters guarding the gates of heaven. These channels control the entry of calcium into cells, a process that can be both beneficial and detrimental. Balancing Act: Good and Bad of Calcium Channels Professor Rodrigo Lacruz, the study’s senior author, emphasizes the dual nature of calcium channels. While calcium is necessary for various cellular processes, an excess over an extended period can have adverse effects. This study explores the role of the ORAI1 calcium channel in oral cancer, a relatively unexplored field. ORAI1’s Impact on Cancer Growth and Pain The research team found that the ORAI1 gene was significantly overexpressed in oral cancer tumors compared to healthy tissue. Activation of the ORAI1 calcium channel in oral cancer cells led to an influx of calcium, triggering the release of matrix metalloprotease 1 (MMP1). This enzyme, abundant in various cancers, including oral cancer, is associated with metastasis and poor prognosis. Less ORAI1, Less Cancer, Less Pain In animal studies, removing the ORAI1 gene from oral cancer cells resulted in slower tumor growth and reduced pain. The findings indicate a crucial role for ORAI1 in the progression of oral cancer and associated pain. The team speculated that MMP1 could be the messenger relaying pain signals. Connecting the Dots: ORAI1, MMP1, and Pain Transmission Collaborating with the NYU Pain Research Center, the researchers explored the levels of MMP1 in the fluid surrounding oral cancer cells. Cells lacking the ORAI1 gene secreted less MMP1, and when this fluid was combined with neurons responsible for pain transmission, the response was less pronounced. In contrast, fluid from cells with active ORAI1 and high MMP1 levels triggered a stronger pain signal. Future Possibilities: Targeting ORAI1 The study paves the way for potential treatments targeting the ORAI1 calcium channel to combat oral cancer growth and alleviate associated pain. While several FDA-approved drugs block the ORAI1 channel, their effectiveness in oral cancer remains untested. Future research will explore whether nanoparticles loaded with an ORAI-blocking drug can be precisely delivered to oral cancer sites, offering hope for both inhibiting cancer progression and reducing pain. This research uncovers the significant role of the ORAI1 calcium channel in oral cancer and points toward a potential breakthrough in treatment strategies. As scientists continue to unravel the complexities of oral cancer, the hope is that targeting ORAI1 will emerge as a viable option, providing relief to those battling the disease and its associated pain. About Marielaina Perrone, DDS Dr. Marielaina Perrone is a highly respected and experienced dentist in Henderson, Nevada, with over two decades of expertise in providing quality dental care to her patients. She graduated from Stony Brook University School Of Dental Medicine and has completed advanced training in cosmetic dentistry, implant dentistry, and orthodontics. Dr. Perrone is committed to staying up-to-date with the latest advancements in dentistry and continuing education to provide the best possible care for her patients. Dr. Perrone takes a patient-centered approach and believes in personalized treatment plans tailored to each individual’s unique needs and preferences. Her gentle and compassionate demeanor creates a comfortable and relaxed atmosphere for patients during their dental appointments. Aside from dentistry, Dr. Perrone enjoys spending time with her family, traveling, and cooking. She also volunteers her time and expertise to various charitable organizations in her community.

There are many ways to approximate Pi. The most basic one which has a nice geometrical interpretation is shown below. It is a Monte Carlo style of approximation, such that we randomly throw points in a unit square which contains quarter of a circle. Then, the value of Pi is simply the ratio between the points inside the quarter circle and all generated points multiplied by 4. We can observe one such simulation below: Although this has a nice geometrical interpretation, it is not an effective method to approximate Pi. The source code related this visualization can be found in this GitHub Gist. For more information, please follow me on Twitter. If you liked what you just saw, it would be really helpful to subscribe to the mailing list below. You will not get spammed that's a promise! You will get updates for the newest blog posts and visualizations from time to time.

Bearded dragons playing dogs can be a fun and enriching activity for your pet, but always supervise to ensure safety. |Name of the Quick Fact |Typical Bearded Dragon Size |12-24 inches (30-61 cm) |Average Life Span of a Bearded Dragon |Average Weight of an Adult Bearded Dragon |Typical Dog Size (Varies Greatly by Breed) |5-150+ pounds (2.3-68+ kg) |Average Life Span of a Dog |Safe Interaction Requirement |Possible Behavior Display |Bearded dragons may show submissive behavior such as arm waving when interacting with dogs. |Dogs Perception of Bearded Dragons |Can vary from curiosity to seeing them as prey; depends on the dogs temperament and training. |Environmental Requirements for Bearded Dragons |Warm environment with UVB lighting |Health Risks in Cross-Species Interaction |Potential for disease transmission and physical harm to the bearded dragon Bearded dragons playing dogs can be a fascinating sight, and understanding your bearded dragon’s behavior can provide valuable insights into their play habits. These reptiles often display their playful nature through various behaviors such as head bobbing, arm waving, and even chasing moving objects. These actions are not only a form of entertainment but also serve as a means of communication and asserting dominance. Observing these behaviors can give you a deeper understanding of your bearded dragon’s mood and preferences during playtime. Understanding these behavioral cues can also help you create an enriching play environment that aligns with your bearded dragon’s natural inclinations and needs. Moreover, recognizing the typical behaviors exhibited during play can enable you to identify any signs of stress or discomfort, ensuring a positive and stimulating play experience for your pet. Bearded dragons playing dogs can be a joyful and rewarding sight when you are attuned to the unique behaviors displayed by your reptile. Bearded dragons playing dogs By observing your bearded dragon’s play behaviors, such as head bobbing and arm waving, you can gain a deeper understanding of their mood and preferences during playtime. - These behaviors serve not only as a form of entertainment but also as a means of communication and dominance assertion. - Understanding these cues can help create an enriching play environment for your bearded dragon. - Recognizing typical behaviors can also aid in identifying any signs of stress or discomfort during play. Understanding your bearded dragon's playful behaviors is crucial, but ensuring their hydration is just as important for their well-being. Discover effective strategies to prevent dehydration in these captivating reptiles by exploring our comprehensive guide, maintaining proper hydration for your bearded dragon. Safety First: Supervising Playtime with Dogs Supervising playtime between bearded dragons and dogs is crucial to ensure the safety and well-being of both pets. When it comes to bearded dragons playing dogs, it’s important to follow essential guidelines, such as closely monitoring their interactions at all times. This allows you to intervene if necessary and prevents any potential harm to either pet. Bearded dragons playing dogs Additionally, it’s essential to create a safe and controlled environment for play, free from any potential hazards or stress-inducing factors. Providing a designated play area and closely supervising the pets’ interactions can help to ensure that playtime remains enjoyable and safe for both the bearded dragons and the dogs. For a deeper dive into the care of your scaly friend, particularly their night-time comfort, discover the nuances of providing the right warmth after dark. Explore our comprehensive guide on correctly utilizing a heat lamp for bearded dragons during their nocturnal rest by visiting "Ensuring your bearded dragon's nightly comfort with the proper heat lamp". Creating a Safe Environment for Play To ensure a safe environment for Bearded dragons playing dogs, it’s crucial to set up the play area thoughtfully. Consider providing a designated space that is easily accessible and secure for both pets. This may include a spacious enclosure with sturdy walls to prevent any unexpected confrontations or escapes. Additionally, it’s important to remove any potential hazards or toxic materials from the area to prevent harm to either pet. When setting up the space, take into account the needs of both pets, including providing hiding spots and elevated areas for the bearded dragon, as well as ensuring that the space is comfortable and inviting for the dog to encourage gentle interactions. Moreover, it’s essential to supervise the initial interactions closely to ensure that both pets are comfortable and safe, making adjustments as necessary to foster a positive and secure environment for play. Bearded dragons playing dogs By establishing a safe play environment, pet owners can facilitate harmonious and enjoyable interactions between bearded dragons and dogs, promoting their well-being and enhancing their bond. Delve deeper into the world of reptile care with our comprehensive guide. Master the nuances of nurturing a Giant German Bearded Dragon by accessing our detailed article, Care Like an Expert. Playtime Activities for Bearded Dragons and Dogs Bearded dragons playing dogs can engage in a variety of enjoyable and safe activities to enhance their bond and physical well-being. One entertaining activity is to set up an obstacle course for them to navigate through, incorporating tunnels, platforms, and low obstacles to stimulate their natural curiosity and agility. You can also create a designated digging area where both pets can explore and burrow in a safe, shared space. Additionally, interactive feeding sessions can be organized, encouraging the bearded dragon to chase their food as the dog observes, mimicking their natural hunting behaviors and providing mental stimulation. Another enriching activity is gentle supervised chase games, ensuring that the movements are slow and controlled to prevent stress for the bearded dragon. Furthermore, structured basking time in the sun or under a heat lamp for the bearded dragon, while the dog calmly sits nearby, can provide both pets with a peaceful and rewarding shared experience. These activities foster a harmonious environment for bearded dragons and dogs to enjoy playtime together. Another entertaining activity is to set up an obstacle course for them to navigate through, incorporating tunnels, platforms, and low obstacles to stimulate their natural curiosity and agility. You can also create a designated digging area where both pets can explore and burrow in a safe, shared space. Additionally, interactive feeding sessions can be organized, encouraging the bearded dragon to chase their food as the dog observes, mimicking their natural hunting behaviors and providing mental stimulation. Another enriching activity is gentle supervised chase games, ensuring that the movements are slow and controlled to prevent stress for the bearded dragon. Furthermore, structured basking time in the sun or under a heat lamp for the bearded dragon, while the dog calmly sits nearby, can provide both pets with a peaceful and rewarding shared experience. To ensure your beloved reptilian companion thrives, understanding their dietary needs is crucial. Discover the key to a nutritious and balanced diet that will optimize the well-being of your bearded dragon in our in-depth article, "Feeding Your Bearded Dragon: Frequency and Health". Physical Benefits of Play for Bearded Dragons Playtime has various physical benefits for bearded dragons. Engaging in activities such as climbing, exploring, and even light interaction with dogs can contribute to their physical health. Bearded dragons playing dogs can promote exercise, helping them to maintain a healthy weight and strong muscles. Additionally, play can encourage improved coordination and agility in bearded dragons. This level of physical activity is crucial for their overall well-being, supporting their cardiovascular health and reducing the risk of obesity. Furthermore, interacting with dogs during playtime can also stimulate your bearded dragon’s natural hunting instincts, keeping them mentally and physically engaged. Overall, incorporating play into their routine can effectively enhance the physical fitness and vitality of bearded dragons.. Ensuring your bearded dragon is engaged with active play will undoubtedly contribute to its overall physical well-being. To expand on your pet's health, discover how to prevent allergies and maintain a thriving environment through our comprehensive guide on maintaining your bearded dragon's health amidst potential allergies. Mental Stimulation Through Play Playtime is crucial for bearded dragons as it offers mental stimulation, contributing significantly to their overall mental well-being. Bearded dragons playing dogs provide them with an opportunity to engage in natural behaviors, such as exploration and hunting, which are essential for their mental health. By interacting with dogs in a safe and supervised environment, bearded dragons can enhance their cognitive abilities and stay mentally stimulated. This type of play also helps in reducing boredom and enriching their environment, leading to a happier and healthier pet. Additionally, playing with dogs allows bearded dragons to develop social skills and adaptability, which are vital for their mental development. Overall, incorporating playtime with dogs into a bearded dragon’s routine can significantly contribute to their mental stimulation and overall happiness. Playing with dogs helps bearded dragons engage in natural behaviors, enhancing their cognitive abilities and reducing boredom. Supervised interactions with dogs provide mental stimulation and enrich the bearded dragon’s environment, promoting a happier and healthier pet. This type of play allows bearded dragons to develop social skills and adaptability, essential for their mental development. To delve deeper into the care of these fascinating reptiles, explore our comprehensive guide that tackles a common concern among bearded dragon enthusiasts. Learn how to ensure your pet remains active and healthy year-round by visiting "Warm Up Your Cold Bearded Dragon Now!" Recognizing Signs of Stress in Bearded Dragons Bearded dragons playing dogs can be a delightful sight, but it’s crucial to monitor their behavior for signs of stress. If you notice your bearded dragon displaying behaviors such as excessive pacing, glass surfing, or flaring their beard, it may indicate that the interaction is causing distress. Another sign to watch for is if the bearded dragon starts to hide, puff up, or show darker coloration. These could all be indications that the play with the dog is causing unease for the bearded dragon. Additionally, if your bearded dragon is exhibiting signs of aggression, such as biting or tail lashing, it’s important to intervene and separate the pets. Always prioritize the safety and well-being of your bearded dragon, and be attentive to any cues that suggest they are not enjoying the interaction. If any of these signs are present, it’s essential to remove the bearded dragon from the situation and provide them with a calm and secure space to alleviate any stress they may be experiencing. Bearded dragons should feel comfortable and safe during playtime with dogs, and recognizing signs of stress is vital for maintaining a positive and enriching experience for these exotic pets.. Knowing when play is no longer beneficial for your bearded dragon is crucial, but understanding the lifespan and development stages of your pet is equally important. Delve deeper into your scaly companion's life journey with our comprehensive guide on bearded dragon age demystification, accessible through unlocking the lifespan mysteries of bearded dragons. Training Your Dog to Play Gently Training your dog to play gently with your bearded dragon is crucial for creating a safe and harmonious environment. Start by teaching your dog basic obedience commands like “sit” and “stay” to help with impulse control during interactions. Additionally, use positive reinforcement such as treats and praise to reward gentle behavior, gradually introducing the presence of the bearded dragon. Always supervise their interactions closely, and if the dog displays any signs of aggressiveness or rough play, immediately redirect their attention to a more appropriate activity. Consistency in training and patience are key to ensuring that the dog learns to engage with the bearded dragon in a calm and controlled manner. Remember, bearded dragons playing dogs can be a unique dynamic, and it’s important to establish boundaries and expectations for both pets to ensure their safety and well-being. To further protect your bearded dragon's well-being, understanding the risks of impaction—a common health issue—is crucial. Dive deeper into preventative measures and treatments by exploring our comprehensive guide on avoiding and addressing bearded dragon impaction. Avoiding Rough Play Bearded dragons playing dogs should be carefully monitored to prevent rough play that could negatively impact the well-being of the bearded dragon. It is crucial to recognize the types of play that may be inappropriate and potentially harmful to the bearded dragon. Roughhousing or aggressive behavior from the dog can cause stress, anxiety, and physical harm to the bearded dragon. Even seemingly harmless interactions, such as nipping or pawing, can lead to injuries or emotional distress for the bearded dragon. Therefore, it is essential to set clear boundaries and intervene if the play becomes too rough to ensure the safety and comfort of the bearded dragon. Additionally, be mindful of any signs of distress or discomfort displayed by the bearded dragon during play with dogs, and take prompt action to address the situation. Remember, the well-being of the bearded dragon should always be the top priority when allowing playtime with dogs, and it’s important to minimize the risk of any rough or inappropriate interactions. Proper supervision and intervention when necessary are crucial to creating a safe and enjoyable environment for bearded dragons playing dogs. For a comprehensive guide on maintaining the well-being of your bearded dragon, especially when you notice signs of unusual behavior such as lack of basking, transition to our detailed article. Delve into effective strategies to encourage health and vitality in your pet with understanding why your bearded dragon may not be basking and how to address it. The Role of Toys in Play Toys play a crucial role in enriching the playtime experience for bearded dragons. When it comes to bearded dragons playing dogs, it’s important to provide them with a variety of toys that cater to their natural behaviors and instincts. Interactive toys like puzzle feeders can encourage mental stimulation and physical activity. These toys can be filled with treats or live insects to simulate hunting and foraging activities, promoting a sense of engagement and satisfaction for the bearded dragons. Additionally, providing climbing structures such as branches and rocks not only offers physical exercise but also mimics their natural habitat, allowing them to explore and bask in different positions. Furthermore, introducing sensory toys like textured balls or objects with different shapes and colors can stimulate their senses and encourage curiosity, offering a well-rounded play experience that doesn’t involve the presence of dogs. Overall, incorporating a variety of toys into their play environment can help keep bearded dragons engaged and entertained while promoting their overall well-being and providing a safe alternative to playing with dogs. By carefully selecting and introducing toys that cater to the unique needs and behaviors of bearded dragons, pet owners can enhance their playtime experience and ensure they remain mentally and physically stimulated without the need for direct interaction with dogs. Providing a rich and engaging environment through the use of suitable toys promotes a balanced and fulfilling play experience for bearded dragons in a multi-pet household. If your interest is piqued on how to keep your scaly pet entertained, delve into the full range of toy options detailed in our article. While exploring enrichment for bearded dragons, it's crucial to remember their health needs as well, such as understanding their UVB requirements, which you can learn about in our comprehensive guide on proper UVB lighting for bearded dragon habitats. Regular Play Schedule for Bearded Dragons Establishing a regular play schedule for bearded dragons is crucial for their overall well-being and happiness. Consistency in playtime helps to provide a sense of stability and routine for your pet, which is essential for their mental and physical health. Regular play sessions also allow bearded dragons to engage in natural behaviors and maintain their activity levels, promoting their overall fitness and vitality. By setting aside dedicated time each day for play and interaction, you can ensure that your bearded dragon receives the necessary mental stimulation and exercise they need to thrive. This consistent schedule also enables you to monitor your pet’s behavior and health closely, facilitating early detection of any issues that may arise. Overall, a regular play schedule fosters a positive and enriching environment for bearded dragons, promoting their well-being and quality of life. Ensuring your bearded dragon thrives requires dedication to a play routine, but don't forget that companionship can enhance your life as well. Explore a different kind of companionship with the Australian Shepherd Labrador Mix, an ideal addition to any pet-loving household. Monitoring Play Progress and Health It’s important to monitor your bearded dragon’s play progress and health to ensure their well-being. Regularly observing their behavior during playtime with dogs can provide insights into their physical and mental state. Look for signs of enjoyment such as active movement and engagement, as well as any indicators of stress or discomfort. Additionally, keep an eye on their physical health, checking for any injuries or changes in appetite and energy levels after engaging in play with dogs. Be attentive to their overall well-being and seek veterinary advice if you notice any concerning changes. To explore a comprehensive overview of bearded dragon traits and habitats, deepen your understanding by visiting the Wikipedia entry on Pogona. This resource offers a rich tapestry of knowledge, perfectly complementing your quest for ensuring the flourishing health of your scaled companion. When to Separate Pets During Playtime It’s important to be mindful of when to separate bearded dragons playing dogs to ensure their safety. Firstly, if the dog displays excessive excitement or predatory behavior towards the bearded dragon, it’s crucial to intervene and separate them immediately. Additionally, if the bearded dragon shows signs of stress or discomfort, such as hiding, puffing out its beard, or attempting to flee, separating the pets is necessary to prevent potential harm. Moreover, if the play becomes overly rough or intense, it’s best to separate them to avoid accidental injuries. Lastly, during feeding times or when the bearded dragon is basking or resting, it’s advisable to separate the pets to prevent any disturbances that may lead to stress or aggression. Optimizing Multi-Species Socialization Introducing bearded dragons to other household pets can be a gradual process that requires careful monitoring and assessment of initial reactions. It’s important to optimize multi-species socialization by creating a safe and controlled environment for Bearded dragons playing dogs. Monitoring the initial interactions is crucial to ensure that the pets are comfortable with each other. Additionally, assessing the compatibility among the animals is vital for fostering a positive and harmonious pet interaction dynamic. Patience and understanding of each pet’s behavior play a key role in the process, and it’s essential to facilitate a gradual introduction to create a secure and welcoming atmosphere for all the pets involved. When introducing bearded dragons to other pets, it’s crucial to prioritize their safety and well-being by carefully monitoring how they interact with each other. Gradual socialization is key to ensuring a positive and stress-free experience for both the bearded dragons and the other pets. - Creating a controlled environment for initial interactions - Assessing compatibility among the pets - Facilitating a gradual introduction process By following these methods and paying close attention to the pets’ behavior, pet owners can effectively optimize multi-species socialization and help foster a harmonious environment for all their pets. Enhancing Reptile-Human-Pet Bonding Facilitating a strong bond between your bearded dragon and other pets in your household is essential for harmonious coexistence. Patience is key when introducing your bearded dragon to other pets, as it may take time for them to adjust to one another’s presence. Understanding your bearded dragon’s body language is crucial in gauging their comfort levels and potential stress during interactions with other pets. Continuous supervision during their interactions is necessary to ensure a sense of security and integration for all pets within the multi-pet environment. Enrichment Strategies for Reptiles in Multi-Pet Environments Bearded dragons playing dogs can be enriched by providing specific activities that cater to their unique needs while in a multi-pet environment. It’s essential to create a stimulating environment that ensures the safety and enjoyment of both the bearded dragon and other pets. One enrichment strategy is to set up vertical space with branches and logs for climbing and basking. This gives the bearded dragon a chance to exercise and explore while staying out of reach of other pets. Additionally, incorporating hiding spots and tunnels in the habitat can offer the bearded dragon a sense of security and privacy when needed. Providing a variety of textured surfaces such as rocks, sand, and soft bedding can also stimulate the bearded dragon’s senses and encourage natural behaviors. By carefully selecting enrichment activities and elements, pet owners can support the well-being of their bearded dragons while fostering a harmonious multi-pet environment. Enrichment strategies for bearded dragons in multi-pet environments: - Set up vertical space for climbing and basking - Incorporate hiding spots and tunnels for security - Provide a variety of textured surfaces to stimulate senses Balancing Interaction and Independence in Exotic Pet Care Bearded dragons playing dogs can be a delightful sight in a multi-pet household, but it’s crucial to understand the balance required for these exotic pets. Bearded dragons have a unique temperament and need for solitude, so it’s essential to consider their individual space and independence. When introducing them to other pets, it’s important to carefully assess the suitability of the companion animals. While some pets may be compatible with bearded dragons, others might not be, and it’s important to respect each animal’s preferences. When considering interspecies playtime, it’s vital to approach it in a way that acknowledges the need for balance. Be mindful of the interactions and ensure that each pet has its own space, allowing the bearded dragon to engage in activities independently when desired. This balance of interaction and independence is crucial for the well-being of the bearded dragons in a multi-pet environment. Monitoring for Well-Being: A Proactive Approach to Interspecies Play Monitoring the well-being of your bearded dragon during interspecies play with dogs is crucial for fostering a positive and safe interaction. Observing behavioral cues is key to ensuring that both pets are comfortable and enjoying the play. Keep an eye on your bearded dragon’s body language, such as their posture, tail movement, and vocalizations, to gauge their level of comfort. Additionally, be attentive to any signs of stress or discomfort, such as hiding, hyperactivity, or aggression. Intervening in interactions between bearded dragons and dogs is necessary when either pet displays signs of distress or fear. If you notice any indications of discomfort, separate the pets and provide a calm and secure environment. This proactive approach helps in preventing negative experiences and promotes a harmonious relationship between the pets. Conclusion: Balanced Play for a Happy Bearded Dragon Bearded dragons playing dogs involve creating a balanced play environment that prioritizes their safety and enrichment. It’s essential to provide a variety of safe and enjoyable playtime activities for your bearded dragon, ensuring they remain physically and mentally stimulated. By recognizing the signs of stress in bearded dragons during play, you can intervene when necessary to maintain a positive experience for your pet. Additionally, establishing a regular play schedule and monitoring their play progress and overall health allows you to create a happy and balanced play routine for your bearded dragon’s well-being. Ultimately, a balanced approach to play ensures that your bearded dragon remains healthy, content, and enriched in their interactions with dogs..

The Future of AI: How Will Chat GPT Change The World? In today's dynamic age of innovation, the marvels of Artificial Intelligence (AI) have become an integral part of discussions about the future. These aren't mere algorithms and codes, but intricate systems designed to mimic human thought processes and capabilities. Among the avant-garde breakthroughs, Chat GPT shines as a testament to how far AI has come and where it's headed, highlighting AI in future developments. Developed by OpenAI, Chat GPT is part of a lineage of models that have consistently pushed the boundaries of what AI can achieve. Its predecessors set the foundation, but it was Chat GPT's unparalleled language processing ability that brought it to the forefront, hinting at artificial intelligence in the future. The developers behind this marvel didn't just want to create an AI tool; they envisioned a system that would understand and interact with humans on an almost personal level. Their ambition? To make AI a seamless part of our daily lives, aiding in everything from mundane tasks to intricate research, leading many to question, "What does ChatGPT mean for the future?" In its essence, Chat GPT is more than just lines of code; it's the culmination of years of research, aspiration, and a vision of a world where humans and AI coexist, collaborate, and innovate. Let's dive deep into understanding the impact and potential changes that Chat GPT can usher in for our world. This exploration reveals how ChatGPT will change the world and what the future of ChatGPT entails. A Revolution in Communication Communication is the cornerstone of human civilization. Over the years, from smoke signals to mobile phones, our means of communication have undergone tremendous change. Now, with the integration of AI like Chat GPT, this evolution is poised to take an even more dramatic turn, marking the ChatGPT and the future of AI relationships. Imagine a world where language barriers become obsolete. As chatbots become fluent in multiple languages, real-time translation can pave the way for seamless cross-cultural exchanges, showcasing what ChatGPT means for the future of global communication. Moreover, customer service industries could see a paradigm shift. With the ability of Chat GPT to understand the human context better, gone will be the days of scripted robotic responses. Instead, you could be greeted by a conversational, understanding, and efficient AI representative, ensuring swift resolution of concerns and providing a glimpse of what is the future of ChatGPT in customer support. Enhancing Education and Research Education systems across the globe can be significantly improved by integrating sophisticated AI tools like Chat GPT, paving the path for the future of ChatGPT and AI in academia. Think of a student in a remote village having the same access to expert information as one in a metropolitan hub. Chat GPT can democratize knowledge, making it accessible to all, irrespective of geographical constraints. Furthermore, research scholars can immensely benefit. From obtaining insights on vast subjects to generating ideas for research papers, AI can be an invaluable assistant. The myriad of information, summarized and presented in a user-friendly manner, can open doors to innovations previously unimaginable. The corporate world is all about efficiency and staying ahead of the curve. In this competitive arena, Chat GPT can be the ace up the sleeve for many enterprises. How? By assisting in data analysis, predicting market trends, and understanding consumer behavior more intimately than ever before. This scenario leads many to ponder how will ChatGPT change the world of business. Moreover, mundane tasks like scheduling, data entry, and minute-keeping can be automated, freeing up the workforce to focus on more critical, value-adding activities. It's not only about cutting costs, but also about enriching the overall business process, making it agile and more responsive to market dynamics. After highlighting how Chat GPT can revamp business processes, it's crucial to understand what fuels its capabilities. The capabilities of Chat GPT, while rooted in artificial intelligence (AI), are further enhanced by the underlying strength of machine learning (ML). Machine learning allows systems to refine their functionalities based on accumulated data, effectively becoming more efficient and accurate over time. This learning process is at the heart of many AI systems, facilitating everything from predictive analytics to nuanced data interpretation. TDK, ever at the forefront of technological advancements, has actively embraced the potential of machine learning. Our strategic acquisition of Qeexo underscores this commitment. Qeexo, a leader in Edge AI, harnesses the prowess of machine learning to bolster the capacities of Edge AI. This collaboration not only emphasizes our foresight in technology but also showcases the convergence of AI and ML in reshaping industries. Edge AI processes data locally on a hardware device rather than relying on a centralized data center. By decentralizing through machine learning, businesses can benefit from faster data processing, diminished latency, and heightened data privacy – all invaluable assets in today's rapid-paced market. In the context of Chat GPT, its efficiency is not just a product of its AI architecture, but a result of the harmonious integration of AI and ML. This combination ensures its aptitude in comprehending context or predicting user queries with remarkable accuracy. As businesses navigate the challenges of the modern corporate landscape, embracing tools that seamlessly integrate AI and ML, like Chat GPT and Edge AI solutions from entities such as Qeexo under TDK's wing, can offer a competitive edge. Bridging the Human-AI Gap While sci-fi movies often paint a grim picture of AI taking over the world, Chat GPT offers a different narrative - one of partnership. As this technology becomes more intuitive and emotionally attuned, it has the potential to become not just tools but allies. This leads some to wonder, can ChatGPT predict the future of human-AI relationships? For the elderly or those suffering from Alzheimer's, Chat GPT can act as a companion, helping them navigate their daily routines, reminding them of medications, or just being there for a chat. The emotional health of individuals can be vastly improved with AI that understands, empathizes, and responds to human feelings. Caution: Ethical Considerations However, with great power comes great responsibility. As we foresee AI in the future, it's crucial to ensure that while we integrate Chat GPT into our daily lives, ethical considerations are not left on the back burner. Privacy, data security, and the risk of dependency are some areas that require meticulous planning and forethought. Delving into the realms of the future of artificial intelligence, just because we can implement something doesn't always mean we should without proper safeguards. Intriguing Facts and Future Projections for Chat GPT ● Continual Learning: OpenAI is persistently refining Chat GPT. Their plan includes making it more context-aware, which will further enhance its responsiveness and accuracy in real-time communication, reflecting the innovations expected in artificial intelligence in the future. ● Bridging Social Gaps: A noteworthy ambition for the future of ChatGPT is to make it available in even more languages and dialects, aiming to connect the most remote communities worldwide. ● User Experience Stats: Recent data indicates that over 70% of businesses that incorporated Chat GPT-powered chatbots observed increased customer satisfaction due to quicker response times and more personalized assistance. ● Future Integrations: As the horizon of AI of the future broadens, OpenAI has hinted at collaborations with various communication platforms. This means in the coming years, we might witness Chat GPT integration in our favorite social media apps, video conferencing tools, and even digital entertainment platforms, making interactions more engaging. ● Education and Training: Beyond customer service, there are plans to utilize Chat GPT for training and onboarding. Imagine new employees interacting with an AI, learning company protocols, and getting their queries addressed instantly, exemplifying the transformative potential of the future of artificial intelligence in education. Chat GPT is not just a tech trend; it's a testament to human ingenuity and our relentless pursuit of progress. It holds the promise to redefine various facets of society, from how we communicate to how we conduct business. Yet, as we stand at the cusp of this new era, it's imperative to stride forward with caution, ensuring that we leverage AI for the betterment of humanity while maintaining our core values. The future beckons, and with Chat GPT, it's looking brighter than ever. RECOMMENDEDPeople who viewed this article also viewed here Bridging the Past, Present, and Future of Tech The Musical Revolution: From Cassette Tape to Digital Bridging the Past, Present, and Future of Tech How VR and AR are Changing the Face of Entertainment and Beyond The Wonders of Electromagnetism Visualizing the Invisible: Coils Capture Changes in Magnetic Fields

Colon cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States. An increasing number of human studies have highlighted the association among the consumption of sugary drinks, obesity, and the risk of colon cancer. It is currently thought that sugar is harmful to our health mainly because consuming too much can lead to obesity. It is well known that obesity increases the risk of many types of cancer, including colon cancer. However, whether a direct, causal link exists between sugar consumption and colon cancer has remained unknown. Our group recently showed that consuming a modest amount of refined sugar every day—the equivalent of a human drinking about 12 ounces of a sugar-sweetened beverage daily—accelerates colon tumor development in mice, and it does so independently of causing obesity. The proposed project will identify the molecular mechanisms by which sugar enhance colon tumor development. In particular, we will focus on how sugary drinks alter the bacteria living in the gut and how these altered gut bacteria contribute to tumor development. To this end, we hope to identify bacteria that increase specifically in response to sugar consumption that could serve as new targets for prevention and treatment for colon cancer patients. Given that more than half of American young adults consume at least one sugar-sweetened beverage daily, and that young-onset colon cancer is on the rise for unknown reasons, any positive findings from this project will be of immense significance.

In 1959, Douglas Ross, Steven Coons, and John Ward, along with their colleagues, started the MIT Computer-Aided Design Project, and planted the seeds that grew to define modern CAD. At the 1963 Spring Joint Computer Conference, Steven Coons delivered a seminal paper on CAD: An Outline for the Requirements for a Computer-Aided Design System. A few days ago, in part one of this article, I published an except from that paper, where Coons described the original thinking at MIT about CAD. Today, I’m going to except an even more interesting section on the design process. The distinctions that Coons makes in this paper are still relevant and valuable 50 years later, and point to way to today’s model-based engineering and design methodologies. The Design Process The design process begins with a graphical description of a proposed device or system to satisfy a human need. To say that the description is graphical is to assert that at the very inception of an idea the designer’s understanding of his creation is almost visceral instead of intellectual. He perceives his idea at first not in the perfection of a well-turned English word description, nor in the precision of a mathematical formula, but in some nebulous assembly of building blocks of structure, vaguely beheld; he “feels” his creation. The sketch forms the natural bridge between these vague stirrings of the imagination and the subsequent precise statement of the refined details of the concept. At this early stage, decisions to keep, to modify, or to discard part or all of the original concept are made in a qualitative way, based upon qualitative criteria. The modified concept leads to further qualitative decision making, and to further modification of the concept. While this is going on, the concept which was at first nebulous and incomplete begins to assume a more concrete solid character; it becomes better defined, until at some stage it is well enough defined to permit more precise analytical tools to be applied. In the design process, the designer is concerned with a large set of variables, some continuous (like the weight of a part) some belonging to discrete “point sets” (like the material: steel, brass, lead, plastic.) Moreover, these variables are interrelated, or cross coupled, in a very complex way. Some of the cross couplings are weak, some are strong. If the relationships happen to be linear, the cross couplings are constant in strength, but usually the relationships are non-linear, and the mutual influences of the various variables change with their values. The designer structures such relationships so that he can thread through them, taking advantage of the loose couplings where possible, to obtain hopefully an exact, but more usually a first, or second, or closer approximation to the values of the variables. It is not at all unusual for this structuring to be done graphically, in the form of block diagrams or linear graphs or information flow charts. Thus he uses a graphical form for both the topological and geometric description of the design, and also for its abstract description in terms of physical function. At the conclusion of the design process, the final result must be carefully defined so that it can be built. This is the function of layout draftsmen and detail draftsmen. If automatically controlled machines are involved in the fabrication processes, programmers are also a part of the system. When we look at such a design sequence we see a few engineers performing highly creative tasks at the beginning, coupled with a very large number of draftsmen and technicians who perform relatively uncreative tasks over a fairly long period of time. Some of these tasks require high degrees of intellectual effort, such as stress analysis or aerodynamic analysis, but they are none-the-less not in themselves of a creative nature (except in those cases where new mathematical techniques are designed and put to use). Other tasks are obviously of a purely mechanical nature; for example, a detail draftsman does nothing creative whatever. At the worst, he merely traces the outline of a part from the layout drawing, and adds the dimensions. Usually this drawing goes directly to some machinist or patternmaker in the shop, but sometimes it is used by a part programmer and converted by him into symbolic information for use by a computer to prepare punched tape for automatic fabricating machinery. These are all essentially mechanical operations, however, and it is quite clear that at least in principle, the computer can be made to deal with them all. Excerpted from: Coons, Steven, “An Outline for the Requirements for a Computer-Aided Design System,” Proceedings of the Spring Joint Computer Conference, Detroit, Michigan, May 21-23, 1963.

This article contributes to the recently-offered view that the influence of German idealism on British Romanticism was mainly anachronistic, and that empiricism provides a more ethically-situated historical context for reading Romantic literature. The understanding of humans as sociable creatures had been so dominant that Rousseau was expressing a startlingly different view of human nature in writings like The Social Contract, which had a direct and understudied impact on British Romantic authors. I explore Wordsworth's shifting attitudes to Rousseauvian individualism as they emerge in his archetypal Romantic magnum opus - The Prelude. While in France in the early 1790s, Wordsworth was drawn to the new idea of a social contract. His Prelude echoes Rousseau's pastoral pattern whereby social retreat motivates the idealization of nature. But when power actually reverts to nature in revolutionary France, Wordsworth rejects the social contract and turns to his private vocation as a poet. This shift has been extensively criticized by new historicist scholarship. Yet for the rest of his career, Wordsworth continued to wrestle with social contract theory's inner contradictions. ASJC Scopus subject areas - Cultural Studies - Literature and Literary Theory

What is Angelica Essential Oil? Angelica essential oil is a medium viscosity substance with a sweet-herbal and spicy undertone aroma, which is extracted from Angelica archangelica plant (Angelica officinalis), belonging to Umbelliferae family. It is also known as Garden Angelica, Root of the Holy Ghost, and European Angelica. It is a large water-loving herb with broadly pointed leaves dividing into smaller leaflets, its flowers are small and white-greenish in color. The plant has perfumed-edible stems and roots, which can grow up to eight feet in length. The Angelica officinalis has a strong aromatic scent and a large rhizome. The essential oil is extracted by steam distillation of the rhizome, roots, seeds and the herb itself and usually, blends well with essential oils of: basil, chamomile, geranium, grapefruit, lavender, lemon, mandarin, neroli, vetiver and patchouli. Origin of Angelica Essential Oil It is said that the plant has its origins in Africa and was introduced in Europe in the sixteenth century. Likewise, it is considered a native plant of northern and eastern Europe, as well as parts of Asia and the Soviet Union, and is found in Scotland, Holland, Lapland and Germany. Historical facts of Angelica Essential Oil Throughout history, angelica has been considered one of the most powerful protective medicinal herbs that exists. Due to the above, its essential oil is considered “the oil of the angels”, because it is used in the most serious and difficult cases. Besides, it is called Angelica, since it normally flowers on the 8th May, which is St Michael the Archangel’s Day, and for this reason it is often planted in monasteries and is referred to as “Angel Grass”. On the other hand, in popular tradition it is said that the Archangel Michael appeared to a monk to indicate this plant as a remedy against the plague. When the Black Plague hit Europe, the herb was considered an antidote for it, and “Angelica Water” was taken up in a Royal Prescription and published by the College of Physicians when the plague swept London in 1665. Chemical composition of Angelica Essential Oil Angelica oil is composed of various chemical constituents, among them stands out: a-pinene, camphene, b-pinene, sabinene, a-phellandrene, myrcene, limonene, b-phellandrene, cis-ocimene, trans-ocimene, p-cymene, terpinolene, copaene, bornyl acetate, terpinen-4-ol, cryptone, b-bisabolene, rho-cymen-8-ol, humulene oxide, tridecanolide and pentadecanolide. Properties of Angelica Essential Oil Angelica oil has numerous qualities for our health, for this reason it is considered as one of the oils that we must incorporate in our essential kit. The most known therapeutic properties of angelica oil are: - Calcium channel blocker - Hepatoprotective (related to its antioxidant activity) - Antitumor and cytotoxic Uses of Angelica Essential Oil There are many countries that use the fruits and root extracts of angelica in their traditional medicine. Its main use is as an antispasmodic, and for the treatment of gastrointestinal ailments. Also in cases of anxiety, insomnia and menstrual disorders. Angelica essential oil can be used to treat irritated, congested or opaque skin, psoriasis, accumulation of toxins, arthritis, gout, rheumatism, neuralgia, water retention, bronchitis, coughs, anemia, anorexia, flatulence, indigestion, fatigue, migraine , nervous tension and stress related conditions. On the other hand, Ayurvedic medicine uses angelica roots and its oil in the treatment of several CNS disorders, especially in epilepsy. Angelica is known for its use to flavor gin, perfumes, and traditionally candied for cake decoration and confectionery. This herb is included in the famous Chartreuse and Benedictine liqueur. At present, it is widely used in the food, cosmetology and perfume manufacturing industries. Besides, angelica essential oil is very popular in herbal medicine all over the world, and every day it gains more followers thanks to its incredible properties. Benefits of Angelica Essential Oil Angelica oil is indicated in the treatment of dyspeptic disorders (mild gastrointestinal spasms, slow digestion, flatulence, fullness), inappetence, anorexia and bronchitis; based on the experience of its long time used by man. The German Commission E recognizes the antispasmodic, cholagogue and stimulating activities of gastric secretions. Its antibacterial and antifungal activity, antimutagenic, anti-inflammatory, anti-ulcerogenic, antispasmodic, calcium channel blocker, hepatoprotective (related to its antioxidant activity), antiproliferative, antitumor and cytotoxic activity has been experimentally proven. Next we will review the most common benefits associated with the properties of Angelica essential oil. A spasm is an involuntary and unpredictable contraction of the respiratory tract, muscles, nerves, blood vessels or internal organs, which can cause severe coughing, cramps, convulsions, stomach pain and obstruct blood circulation, among other symptoms. The solution is to induce relaxation in those affected parts, and this we can achieve with the use of angelica essential oil. Promotes healthy digestion Angelica essential oil is effective in the treatment of gastritis, ulcers and other gastrointestinal conditions. It is great helping in stomach related problems; including flatulence, dyspepsia, nausea, discomfort and indigestion. In addition, it helps digestion by stimulating the secretion of gastric juices such as acid and bile in the stomach. It also helps the proper movement of food through the intestines and the absorption of digested nutrients. On the other hand, it stimulates the appetite, decreasing problems of anorexia nervosa. Detoxifies the body A depurative, it is an agent that purifies the blood, angelic essential oil does exactly this with great efficiency. It is considered a diuretic because besides promoting urination stimulates sweating, which helps eliminate toxins such as uric acid and excess salt, water, fat and bile from the body. Angelica essential oil helps those suffering from chronic kidney failure, kidney stones, obesity, hypertension and diseases associated with the accumulation of toxins in the body, such as arthritis, osteoarthritis, gout, rheumatic and sciatic conditions. You may also like:Blue Tansy Essential Oil Benefits, Properties and Uses Angelica essential oil protects and tones our internal organs, especially the liver and spleen, stimulating a better functioning of both. It also protects them from infections and helps in the healing of wounds. In addition, it strengthens the functioning of all the systems and organs of the body, expelling harmful fluids and eliminating toxins after a long illness. Angelica essential oil is effective in the treatment of conditions and nervous disorders. Because it is a natural relaxing and stimulating, helps to level our nervous system and calm us in moments of shock and hyper reactivity, at the same time that stimulates us to stay more active and alert. Its relaxing properties help us to combat depression, insomnia, anxiety, anger and hypertension, among others. Angelica essential oil is also useful to reduce fever by combating the infections that cause it. Its diuretic and diaphoretic properties also contribute to this effect, since the elimination of toxins and waste from the body, accelerates the recovery time of infections. Additionally, perspiration also helps decrease body temperature caused by fever. Angelica essential oil regulates the menstrual period. In addition, it relieves headaches, abdominal cramps, nausea, vomiting and fatigue typical of premenstrual syndrome. The essential oil of angelica is an expectorant that eliminates the accumulation of phlegm in the respiratory tract. Also, fights the typical infections of colds, sinusitis and nasal congestion. In addition, it helps restore the sense of smell and relieves bronchial asthma. On the other hand, it tones the lungs fighting colds, flu, bronchitis, pleurisy, smoking cough, fever, etc. A research published in the Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry in 2011, called “Bioactivity-guided fractionation for the butyrylcholinesterase inhibitory activity of furanocoumarins from Angelica archangelica L. roots and fruits”, shows the study of some extracts of angelica and isolated coumarins, demonstrating their ability to inhibit the activity of furanocoumarins, which may be another interesting contribution of natural compounds and plant extracts with activity on butyrylcholinesterase, in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. Improves the general functioning of our body Angelica oil stimulates blood circulation and is great for giving your constitution a boost by invigorating the lymphatic system. Promotes the self-cleaning of the organism through its sudorific and diuretic effect. Stimulates the secretion of hormones, enzymes and also stimulates metabolic processes, such as digestion, absorption and excretion. All of the above promotes and helps maintain the optimal functioning of our internal organs and systems. Natural treatment for Epilepsy The essential oil obtained by distillation of the roots, has shown in tests, anticonvulsant activity in experimental models. This effect seems to be due to the monoterpenes of the essential oil, through the modulation of glutamatergic and GABAergic transmission (activation of GABA receptors). Excellent ally for skin health It fights skin inflammation and is very effective in the treatment of various acute and chronic dermal conditions of any etiology. Natural antidote for some types of poison Neutralize the consequences of bites from snakes and other creatures. Great analgesic for headaches Angelica essential oil reduces the painful sensations of headaches and migraines quickly and effectively. Helps with cardiovascular and hypertension problems Its pharmacological effects on different aspects related to the cardiovascular system have been verified. Thus, for example, its vasodilatory effects have been proven to be related to a blockade of voltage and receptor dependent Ca2 + channels, and its efficacy in decreasing the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells induced by TNF in cerebral vessels. Likewise, in spontaneously hypertensive rats and in vitro tests, it has been proven that this furanocoumarin is able to prevent cardiac hypertrophy, probably through the nitric oxide pathway. In addition, some scientific papers have been published in which its anticoagulant, antiplatelet and antihypertensive activity has been demonstrated. It has also been confirmed its anti-inflammatory activity, having been observed in recently published works, that angelica oil is able to decrease the production of cytokines in macrophages. In tests on mice, this compound prevents induced lung damage, and seems to be also effective in case of high levels of anxiety and memory disturbances. On the other hand, its ability to favor bone formation and its antitumor, antiproliferative, hepatoprotective, insecticidal, antiviral and antimicrobial efficacy has been proven. For example, it has been proven that it is capable of decreasing the replication of HIV-1. The antitumor effect seems to be related to the induction of apoptosis through different mechanisms. How to apply Angelica Essential Oil? Here is how you can start using angelica essential oil in your home today: Burners and vaporizers In vapor therapy, angelica oil can be used to help clear lungs, for bronchitis, pleurisy and to ease shortness of breath as well as asthma. You can also inhale directly from the bottle or rub a couple of drops on the palms of your hands, and then, place your hands on your face like a cup, to inhale. Blended massage oil and in the bath Angelica oil can be used in blended massage oil, or in the bath, to assist in aiding the lymphatic system, detoxification, digestive problems, to help with colds and flu, as well as to fight fungal growths. Before applying it to the skin, it must be diluted with a carrier oil in equal parts. It should not be used on the skin that will be exposed to sunlight within 12 hours after. Blended in a cream or lotion As a constituent of a cream or lotion, angelica oil can be used to assist with circulation, arthritis, gout, sciatica, migraines, colds and flu, as well as helping to encourage the natural production of estrogen; this aids in regulating and easing painful monthly periods. Warnings and cautions when using Angelica Essential Oil Angelica oil does not seem to present contraindications to therapeutic doses, significant adverse effects, or toxicity. However, it is necessary to take into account the phototoxicity of some furanocoumarins. The fresh plant is photosensitizing due to the presence of these compounds, therefore, sun exposure should be avoided after topical application. The common reactions due to photoxicity are pruritus, pigmentation and erythema. It should also be considered that: - Angelica oil may overstimulate the central nervous system and cause insomnia. - Its use is not recommended for people who are under treatment with anticoagulants. - It contains coumarin, a compound that can interfere with other medications. - This oil should not be used during pregnancy, breastfeeding and children under 6 years old. - It is contraindicated for people with diabetes. - Angelica oil gives off a characteristic aroma, which tends to attract insects, so you have to be very careful when storing. Where to buy Angelica Essential Oil? Usually, good quality oils, that is, 100% pure and not mixed with other substances, can be found in specialized natural herb stores. Tips for a better performance and duration of your oils: - Store them in a dark glass bottle, never plastic, not even when blended with a carrier oil. - Keep them in cool, dark places, away from sources of heat and light. - Maintain the container that holds it tightly closed, since they are very volatile and also, their properties would be lost or modified.

Growing up in a poor neighborhood significantly reduces the chances that a child will graduate from high school, according to a study published in the October issue of the American Sociological Review. And, the longer a child lives in that kind of neighborhood, the more harmful the impact. The study, by University of Michigan sociologists Geoffrey Wodtke and David Harding and University of Wisconsin-Madison sociologist Felix Elwert, is the first to capture the cumulative impact of growing up in America’s most disadvantaged neighborhoods on a key educational outcome — high school graduation. “Compared to growing up in affluent neighborhoods, growing up in neighborhoods with high levels of poverty and unemployment reduces the chances of high school graduation from 96 percent to 76 percent for black children,” says Wodtke, a Ph.D. student who works with Harding at the U-M Institute for Social Research (ISR). “The impact on white children is also harmful, but not as large, reducing their chances of graduating from 95 percent to 87 percent.” In contrast to earlier research that examined neighborhood effects on children at a single point in time, the new study uses data from the ISR Panel Study of Income Dynamics to follow 2,093 children from age one through age 17, assessing the neighborhoods in which they lived every year. “We found that black and white children had starkly different patterns of exposure to bad neighborhoods over the long term,” says Wodtke. “Black children were about seven times more likely than white children to experience long-term residence in the most disadvantaged 20 percent of neighborhoods in the country.” For the study, the researchers defined disadvantaged neighborhoods as those characterized by high poverty, unemployment, and welfare receipt; many female-headed households; and few well-educated adults. “Our results indicate that sustained exposure to disadvantaged neighborhoods has a much greater negative impact on the chances a child will graduate from high school than earlier research has suggested,” says Wodtke. “The current findings demonstrate the importance of neighborhoods throughout childhood, and resonate with evidence from several other studies suggesting that residence in disadvantaged neighborhoods may have a negative effect on the cognitive development of children many years or even generations later,” says Harding. “And, while our study does not speak to the efficacy of specific policy interventions needed to improve communities that have suffered decades of structural neglect, it seems likely that a lasting commitment to neighborhood improvement and income desegregation would be necessary to resolve the problems identified in our study.”

Eye-catching is the best description for Canarywood. The heartwood colouration may vary, but it is always dramatic. It starts with a base colouring of yellowish orange, sometimes shading to a reddish brown. Overlaid on top are contrasting streaks of black and dark brown. The sapwood is a pale yellow that is sharply demarcated from the heart. Canarywood grows from Panama in central America south to Brazil. They typically grow to heights of 60 to 100 feet with diameters of 2- 3 feet. Exceptional specimens may be 4 feet in diameter. It is a member of the legume family, so the seeds are contained in pods that can resemble maple keys. The name Centrolobium refers to the leaves which are many lobed. In addition to its striking colour, Canarywood is usually straight grained occasionally irregular with a fine to medium texture. It also has a nice natural luster. Given its equatorial home, the wood is diffuse pored with indistinct growth rings. Unlike temperate trees which exhibit seasonal growth, the cells of the tree that grow vertically (also called pores) are not organised into areas of early and late growth. This makes the growth rings hard to discern. The wood is highly resistant to fungal attack. Canarywood is also resistant to insects and marine borers. It has been used in the making of boats, utilized as wood for keels and planking. Given its dramatic appearance and stability, Canarywood is also used for flooring, cabinetry and furniture. With its fine grain it turns well and is used for items such as pen blanks and decorative turned objects. Canarywood is also purported to have superior acoustic qualities so it is used in high end speaker cabinets. Luthiers are also beginning to incorporate it into stringed instruments such as guitars. Canarywood works well by hand and machine. Irregular grain may tear or chip. Tools and cutters should be sharp with feed rates closely monitored. There should be no problems with gluing as Canarywood is not oily like teak or the rosewoods. Nails and screws should be predrilled to prevent splitting. Overall, working with Canarywood should present few problems. Since most woodworkers will purchase Canarywood for its appearance, finishing should be approached methodically. All woods will colour fade with time as exposure to light and oxygen will take their toll and Canarywood is no exception. Film finishes especially those that inhibit UV light will help preserve and delay colour changes. Oil based finishes will not offer the same degree of protection. Lacquers and marine spar varnishes are your best bet for a successful finish. The only other hurdle is with nomenclature. There are over 40 species within the Centrolobium genus that can be grouped together and called Canarywood. While this group is fairly uniform in appearance there are a fair number of unrelated species that are also called Canarywood. I recommend using a reputable specialty wood dealer to help guide you in making the correct purchase. Canarywood is not considered an endangered species. It is not on the CITES list or the IUCN red list. Pricing is moderate for an imported species. Plus, it is usually available in a variety of lumber sizes as well as turning blanks and assorted squares. If you want a little visual ‘pop’ in your next project consider Canarywood.

On 24 May the multi-national mining company Rio Tinto, seeking to expand its iron ore mine in the Western Pilbara of Western Australia, blasted two ancient and sacred Aboriginal cave sections of the Juukan Gorge. Plans for the destruction of the caves – one of which contains evidence of human habitation dating back some 45,000 years – had been long in their gestation but, in the end, were abruptly and stealthily enacted. The site’s traditional owners learned of the blasts, which took place on the eve of the country’s National Reconciliation Week (27 May–3 June) only accidentally, when making plans for celebrations to be held there. The site holds deep historical and cultural significance for its traditional owners, the Puutu Kunti Kurrama and Pinikura (PKKP). The caves also contain priceless archaeological evidence, as discovered during salvage digs conducted in 2014 after Rio Tinto was granted ministerial consent to destroy or damage the site. The team of archaeologists, led by Michael Slack, demonstrated through compilation and analysis of large lithic datasets, artefact data and the construction of what are termed geo-chronologies that at least one of the rock shelters was occupied from between 45,000 and 40,000 years ago. In short, these shelters are the only inland site in Australia whose contents show human occupation continuing through the last Ice Age. It took Rio Tinto’s chief executive, Jean-Sébastien Jacques, some two weeks to issue an apology for distress caused by the destruction, in which he pledged full cooperation with an Australian government inquiry. ‘We are very sorry for the distress we have caused the PKKP in relation to Juukan Gorge and our first priority remains rebuilding trust with the PKKP,’ Jacques said in a statement. The company was later embarrassed by a leaked recording of a meeting in which Chris Salisbury, the iron ore chief executive, pointed out that the apology was not for the event itself, only the ‘distress caused’. Perhaps the most difficult aspect of this tragedy, at the time of writing and while the pieces are still falling into place, is that the detonation of the site that took place was apparently completely legal. As long as the consent of the responsible minister is given under Section 18 of Western Australia’s Aboriginal Heritage Act, mining companies can do whatever they wish. In this case, permission was granted in 2013 by the then Minister for Aboriginal Affairs. Burchell Hayes, director of the PKKP Aboriginal Corporation and head of its Kurruma Land Committee, said following the discoveries made during the excavation in 2014 his organisation contacted the office of the federal minister for Indigenous Australians, Ken Wyatt, about the impending mining blast but was unable to stop it. Robert Eggington, the director of the Dumbartung Aboriginal Corporation, has confirmed that a number of groups are working to bring the case of Juukan Gorge to the International Court of Justice. Just as the news of the destruction of the caves in the Pilbara broke, anger over the death of George Floyd at the hands of police offers in Minnesota was reaching fever pitch across the globe. On 1 June, video footage came to light of an Indigenous teenager being kicked to the ground and arrested by a police officer in an inner Sydney suburb. News outlets began recirculating older footage of the death in custody in 2015 of David Dungay Jr, a young Indigenous man who, like George Floyd, uttered the words ‘I can’t breathe’ as he lay dying on the floor of Long Bay Goal in Sydney. Australia has one of the highest rates of black deaths in custody in the world. Since the 1991 Royal Commission there have been 434 deaths. First Nations people and their supporters were ready to take to the streets. Despite the fact that rallies were deemed illegal by the government because of a possible second Covid wave, large Black Lives Matter protests have taken place all over Australia. Several statues of prominent politicians have been defaced during the protests, including those of the former prime ministers Tony Abbott and John Howard in Ballarat in Victoria. More significant was the targeting of the statue of Captain Cook in Hyde Park in Sydney. The navigator from Yorkshire is a symbol among First Nations Australians of the taking of their land and the destruction of their culture. There are a large number of monuments to Cook across the country, but none so large in scale or commanding of attention as Thomas Woolner’s enormous bronze statue in Hyde Park, of the captain of the Endeavour gesturing towards the landmass of Australia as he was about to sail into Sydney Cove. Woolner, one of the founders of the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood, executed the sculpture in London in 1878. His bronze of Sir Stamford Raffles in Singapore was completed a decade later. During the rallies protesters sprayed the words ‘No Pride in Genocide’ in red paint across the sandstone plinth which is double the size of the bronze, lifting the monument towards the heavens in a spectacular celebration of British sovereignty. In recent weeks there have been further attempts (so far postponed) to destroy more Indigenous sites in the Pilbara to extract iron ore, whose price is currently extremely high – at a time when Australia’s exports, heavily reliant on education and tourism, have been decimated due to the Covid-19 crisis. As is the case across the globe, minority communities are disproportionately affected. Australia’s remote Indigenous-run art centres, for example, many of which do not receive any assistance from any government and have been closed to visitors, are in serious trouble. Greater awareness of the conditions in which Indigenous Australians has led to some generous donations in some cases, such as to the Anangu-run Maruku Arts at Uluru, but more is needed. It seems unlikely that the governments, who have been so vocal about the ‘destruction’ of statuary while remaining largely silent about the destruction of sacred and ancient First Nations sites, will be the ones to step in.

1990 | 2020 | 2050 2020 was a significant year – in terms of global climate action as well as for Climate Alliance. It was a perfect opportunity to reflect on Climate Alliance’s path. Where do we come from and where do we want to go? In 1990, indigenous representatives from Amazonia met with municipal representatives from Germany, Austria and Switzerland for a first meeting in Frankfurt. An excerpt from a working paper of that founding meeting in August 1990 shows that even back then, one thing was clear: “Changes to the global climate have two main sources: emissions from industrial centres of the North and the destruction of tropical rainforests.” The participants passed a resolution declaring a partnership between European cities and indigenous peoples of Amazonia with the aim of protecting the rainforest and the global climate. 30 years later, Climate Alliance looked back on three decades of climate action. With over 1,700 members from a total of 27 countries, it is now the world’s largest municipal network for climate action. Over the last years, public perception of this pressing topic has also changed considerably. In Europe as in other parts of the world, obvious climatic changes have made the topic more present than ever. The 30th anniversary was thus also an opportunity to look forward and pave the way for achieving 2050’s international climate goals.

As discussed in my last post, Electronic Testing 101: Questions to ask when Reviewing Test Specs or Outlining Reqs, no one relay will operate from say millivolts to 1,000 volts at a frequency range to DC to 18 GHz. As more and more devices combine digital, analog, and RF/Microwave, you as a test engineer will likely be required to select many different relay choices for your test system. So, let's look at the various relay types in the market, where they excel and where they should not be used. Solid state relay using Two N Channel MOSFETs with an Isolated Gate Drive In my last post (Testing 101: Questions to ask when reviewing test specs or outlining requirements), I talked about understanding what the test specifications are. Now that we are talking about relay types, the key specs to focus on are: Voltage, current, and bandwidth are probably the most obvious. Where you can get in trouble is the last two. Ohm’s Law tells me that if I select a relay rated at 150 Volts at 1 Amp, I expect to switch up to 150 watts, right? That could be wrong. If the relay is rated at 150 Volts at 1 Amp AND 60 watts of power, that means that you can switch 150 volts OR 1 Amp. Any spec in between is derated. Finally, relays like reeds and EMRs are rated for the number of cycles at a given load. So, a reed relay rated for 10 to the ninth cycles at a low power application (100ma or less) might be rated at 10 to the sixth cycles at full power rating– several orders of magnitude less— this needs to be factored into your maintenance schedule. As always, comments and/or questions are welcome. If this blog series is valuable to you, be sure to share the link with your colleagues. For more information about relays, check out our other resources such as the "What is a Reed Relay?" video and our Switchmate eBook. Watch the on-demand webinar: Maximizing Reliability in Signal Switching to learn the importance of switching in test systems.

MGEVs involved in projects focused on environmental stewardship are increasing awareness and knowledge of landscape and garden management for the optimum use and protection of the environment. By teaching and demonstrating proper management of all aspects of the residential landscape (soil, plants, insects, diseases, and wildlife) and proper use of equipment, pesticides, fertilizers, and other landscaping inputs, MGEVs educate citizens on how to have little negative impact on the environment while benefiting from valuable outputs. To accomplish this educational task, MGEVs engage in projects like the installment and maintenance of native plant and pollinator demonstration gardens and nature trails. They also provide support at botanical gardens, giving tours and workshops to the public. In addition, Master Gardeners give public presentations and demonstrations and provide plant clinic and Ask-A-Master Gardener booths. Most GA MGEV projects are included in this program priority. To learn more about Master Gardener projects with an emphasis on environmental stewardship, check out the stories below. 2017 Project Spotlights: - Dougherty County Rosalynn Carter Butterfly Garden - Douglas County Sentinel Garden Articles - Muscogee County Keep Columbus Beautiful Garden Tour - Walton County Rehabilitation of Matthews Park 2016 Project Spotlights: - Bibb County Native Plant Garden - Coweta County McGuffey Nature Center Trail - Muscogee County Columbus Botanical Garden 2015 Project Spotlights:

Domestic abuse varies dramatically in relationships, but the constant components are rooted in one person asserting power and control over the other. Domestic Violence comes in various forms including physical, psychological, sexual, and financial abuse; being able to recognize the patterns of control is paramount in knowing if you are in an abusive relationship. Physical abuse is someone using their body or objects to cause you physical harm such as hitting, slapping, kicking, pushing, pulling your hair, etc. It does not have to leave physical marks to be physical abuse. This also includes abuse that is directed at children, pets, or destroying property. Even if your partner is drunk and did not mean it, or if they “just got so angry they couldn’t control themselves” it is still physical abuse. If they cannot acknowledge that what they are doing is wrong, they are likely to continue doing it. Psychological or verbal abuse is when a partner causes you harm through putting you down, isolating you, threatening you, gaslighting you (denying your reality), or manipulating you. With this type of abuse, you might find yourself neglecting your own needs for your partner, walking on eggshells, or agreeing to things that you do not want to do. Psychological abuse is the most common type of abuse and is often where abuse in a relationship will start. Sexual abuse is any unwanted, non-consensual sexual contact against any individual by another using manipulation, pressure, tricks, coercion, or force. In a sexual context, consent is a freely given, enthusiastic yes, that is retractable. Sexual abuse can happen inside or outside of relationships, which is why communication about what you want and do not want is so important. You may be experiencing sexual abuse in your relationship if your partner demands sex when you are tired or have said no, insults you in sexual ways, ignores your feelings during sex, or intentionally hurts you during sex. Financial abuse is when your partner has control over your finances. It can look like not allowing access to the bank account or controlling how much money you can have. Financial abuse can also look like opening credit cards in your name or intentionally damaging your credit. If you are experiencing this type of abuse, you may have to ask permission to spend money or feel like nothing belongs to you. Your partner may even interfere with your ability to make money. Financial abuse is another means to assert power and control over another person. Abuse is Never Okay Abuse can be confusing because your partner may not always be abusive, there can be times when they are nice and loving. Sometimes you are unsure if you are experiencing abuse or not, “they are just having a bad day,” or “maybe I should have not brought that topic up.” It is important to remember that abuse is never okay. As a community the more we can understand what these behaviors in unhealthy relationships look like we are better able to prevent them, recognize them, and offer appropriate support and resources to each other. Megan is passionate about prevention education and community. She strongly believes in social justice and ending violence. Megan works as a digital educator at HCWC where she uses social media, our podcast, and community presentations to promote gender equality, advocacy, consent, and healthy relationships. She is also passionate about advocating for peace, equality, and youth empowerment. She enjoys research, watching movies, playing roller derby, and spending time at the river with family.

In the 2008 space documentary “When We Left Earth,” while addressing the success of the Apollo 11 moon landing, Apollo 8 astronaut Bill Anders remarked that Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin were “humans” who “just happened to be Americans.” Last year, Canadian actor Ryan Gosling played Neil Armstrong in Damien Chazell’s biopic “First Man.” In an echo of Anders’s comments from a decade earlier, Gosling raised the eyebrows of many Americans when he said the moon landing was “widely regarded in the end as a human achievement” and that’s how the team making “First Man” chose to view it. These statements are part of a trend of historical revisionism that paints every American achievement as universal and global while portraying the nation’s past sins as exclusively American. In truth, NASA’s missions in general—and the Apollo 11 moon landing in particular—represent an odds-defying triumph of American exceptionalism. The NASA Missions Awoke America’s Competitive Spirit Like many of the most inspiring adventures in history, the American moon landing is a comeback story. The United States began the space race trailing the Soviet Union. In 1957, the U.S.S.R. stunned the world when they successfully launched the Sputnik satellite into orbit. The first man in space was not an American but Soviet Yuri Gagarin. Those involved in the first days of NASA were flabbergasted at the early Soviet success. Space correspondent Jay Barbree recalls the sentiment of the time: “These people couldn’t build a refrigerator…how can they get into orbit?” Rather than looking at the initial score in the space race and giving up, Americans saw the deficit they had to overcome and were emboldened. The Soviets touched a nerve. Unknowingly, they reinvigorated the determined, persevering, and rugged streak embodied in the very nature of the United States. In the drive to remain the preeminent leader in science and engineering, the NASA missions tapped into something deep within the American character. The space program that led to men landing on the surface of the moon is part of the grand narrative of Americans braving forth and conquering the unknown. The Apollo program and the Mercury and Gemini missions that preceded them were victories of innovation, adaptation, and a hungry (and distinctively American) competitive instinct. Although there were certainly some non-American-born engineers and scientists working for NASA in the 1960s, the entire endeavor was fundamentally American in its ethos. Americans Have Never Been Afraid of Challenges When remembering the role of President John F. Kennedy in imploring Americans to reach for the stars, most remember his famous “moonshot” challenge to a joint session of Congress on May 25, 1961. More revealing, however, is Kennedy’s underappreciated Rice University speech in September 1962. Kennedy spoke about one of the core aspects of America’s spirit: This city of Houston, this State of Texas, this country of the United States was not built by those who waited and rested and wished to look behind them. This country was conquered by those who moved forward… As Edward R. Morrow had reminded the nation eight years earlier, if you dig into the nation’s history, you will find that Americans are not descended from fearful men. The pillar of American exceptionalism most relevant to the NASA missions is America’s embrace of competition and the fearless, enterprising spirit that accompanies it. The most famous line of Kennedy’s speech at Rice strikes at the heart of the matter: We choose to go to the moon. We choose to go to the moon in this decade and do the other things, not because they are easy, but because they are hard … [the] challenge is one that we are willing to accept, one we are unwilling to postpone, and one which we intend to win… As Kennedy explained, pursuing challenge head-on and accepting the hardships that come with exploring new frontiers was part of the American ethos well more than a century before the nation’s founding. Writing on his establishment of America’s first successful colony in New England, Plymouth governor William Bradford remarked: …all great and honourable actions are accompanied with great difficulties, and must be both enterprised and overcome with answerable courages…all of them, through the help of God, by fortitude and patience, might either be borne, or overcome. Plymouth has been called “America’s hometown,” a moniker it deserves in more ways than one. Not just the site of the first Thanksgiving, Plymouth, like the Apollo program, had a history of early struggles. The challenges of founding and sustaining the burgeoning New England settlement were met directly—even embraced. So it was with the moon landing. The Old West Forged the Keys to Win the Space Race Kennedy was on to something when he harnessed the idea of a “New Frontier” during the 1960 presidential election race. After the U.S. Census of 1890 reported the closing of the American frontier in the West, historian Frederick Jackson Turner revealed that much of what made America so exceptional and successful could be tied to the exploration of its expansive frontier. This perennial rebirth, this fluidity of American life, this expansion westward with its new opportunities … furnish the forces dominating American character. … At the frontier the environment is at first too strong for the man. He must accept the conditions which it furnishes, or perish. …Early Western man was an idealist withal. He dreamed dreams and beheld visions. He had faith in man, hope for democracy, belief in America’s destiny, unbounded confidence in his ability to make his dreams come true. In the roughest days of the American West, the harsh, unforgiving, and trying experience of trying to eke out a living was a baptism of fire. The nation’s character was both forged and revealed in the conditions of the Old West. Turner observed that America owes its most striking attributes to the frontier. It took a particular brand of dogged determinism to fight against the unforgiving climate, an often-hostile native population, and the ever-present threat of failure. That coarseness and strength combined with acuteness and inquisitiveness; that practical, inventive turn of mind, quick to find expedients; that masterful grasp of material things, lacking in the artistic but powerful to effect great ends; that restless, nervous energy; that dominant individualism … withal that buoyancy and exuberance which comes with freedom—these are traits of the frontier. These were the perfect combination of civilizational traits needed to win the space race. The characteristics required to land men on the moon and return them safely to earth were fostered in the West and ingrained in the culture of the United States. Apollo 11 Flight Director Gene Kranz recalls how the early days of NASA were like “learning to drink from a fire hose.” Kranz and his entire team had to learn about trajectories, orbits, and “retrofire” essentially from scratch. “We had to virtually invent or adapt every tool that we used,” he says. When NASA began project Mercury in 1958, they were driving blindly into the dark. Yet Kranz had confidence in his team. “We had the knowledge, the moxie, and the will to not only catch up but surpass at beat them [the Soviets] in the business of space flight.” Fifty years ago, on July 20, 1969, that victory was cemented in the annals of history. America Cannot Afford a Lack of Pioneers and Explorers Besides the American astronauts who took part in the Mercury, Gemini, and Apollo missions, at the peak of the Apollo program, NASA employed more than 400,000 American men and women. Not to be forgotten are the three Americans who gave their lives in the pursuit of the dream of putting a man on the moon. Gus Grissom, Ed White, and Roger B. Chaffee perished in a tragic fire during the Apollo 1 mission, marking the first fatalities suffered by NASA, and sadly, were not the last. President Ronald Reagan reminded the nation after the Challenger disaster in 1986, “The future doesn’t belong to the fainthearted; it belongs to the brave.” As NASA and American private enterprise work together to return Americans to the moon, and then onward to Mars and beyond, we would do well to recall and pay tribute to the American spirit that got us to the moon 50 years ago. The challenge of discovery, the conquest of the unknown, and a thirst for adventure are part of the American ethos. America is at its best when it embraces the pioneering ideals revealed by Bradford and Turner and articulated so movingly by President Kennedy. When John Glenn returned to earth after becoming the first American in orbit, Kennedy described space as “the new ocean,” remarking that the United States should “sail on it and be in a position second to none.” The far reaches of space remain an uncharted frontier of limitless potential. As the world’s most indispensable and exceptional nation, America must always be ready to venture forward and explore what lays beyond the next horizon.

Half-bird half-human or winged humanoid creatures have long captured the imagination of people around the world. With the upper body of a human and the lower body of a bird, these mythical beings are often depicted as having wings on their back and the ability to fly. They are associated with the sky and are revered for their grace and beauty. In mythology, half-bird, half-humanoid creatures are often depicted as powerful and benevolent spirits, while in modern fiction they are often used as a symbol of freedom and transcendence. Regardless of how they are depicted, half-bird, half-humanoid creatures remain a popular and enduring theme in literature, art, and popular culture. Here’s the list of 12 legendary half-bird half-humanoid figures of mythology 1Garuda (Hindu Mythology) In Hindu mythology, Garuda is a half-man, half-eagle creature who serves as the mount or vehicle for the god Vishnu. Vishnu is a member of the Hindu Holy Trinity, along with Brahma and Shiva, and is known as the protector and sustainer of the universe. The Holy Trinity represents the eternal cycle of beginnings, middles, and endings in life. Vishnu is associated with sustaining life and nourishing the soul through love. Garuda is known for his ability to eat poisonous serpents and transform them into nourishment for himself. The yoga posture named after him involves binding the arms and legs in a compressional position, which is said to provide a fresh perspective and energy exchange when released. 2Wayland The Smith (Norse Mythology) Wayland, also known as Völundr, is a figure from Old English and Norse mythology. The story of Wayland is similar to that of the Greek mythological figure Daedalus and is told in the Old Norse epic poem Völundarkviða. According to the legend, Wayland was a talented blacksmith who was imprisoned by King Nihad and forced to work for him on the island of Svarst, crafting various items. The king had Wayland’s hamstring tendons cut, rendering him unable to walk. In revenge, Wayland fashioned wings for himself and flew away, killing the king’s three sons and using their body parts to create objects such as goblets and jewels. He then seduced the king’s daughter, Böðvild, and impregnated her before revealing everything to the king and flying away beyond the reach of the king’s archers and cavalry. After this instance, Wayland was never seen again. 3Alkonost (Slavic Mythology) Slavic mythology contains the legend of the Alkonost. The being, who appears as a hybrid of a human and a bird, is said to be breathtakingly beautiful. Its lower half is a graceful eagle-like bird, and its upper half is a seductive woman with long, luscious locks and startlingly piercing eyes. . The Alkonost’s sounds are arguably its most well-known feature. Numerous Slavic folktales mention the unforgettable, seductive, and powerful music that emanates from it. It’s even claimed that when people hear these sounds, their ability to experience happiness in the same way never fully returns. 4Ekek (Philippine Mythology) Ekek (or Ek Ek) are human-like bird-like creatures from Philippine mythology. These nighttime victim hunters are winged humans. They have a rabid desire for flesh and blood. They are typically described as flying creatures that resemble Manananggals but lack those creatures’ ability to divide or split their bodies. Due to some similarities, the Ekek and Wak Wak are also related. Ekek and Wak Wak are identical creatures; the only distinction is that Ekek has a bill that resembles a bird while Wak Wak does not. The Ekek can take on the form of a huge bird or bat to prowl around at night. The Ekek searches for pregnant women who are sleeping, much like the Manananggal does. Then, after inserting a very long proboscis into the womb, it kills the fetus by sucking out its blood. According to legend, an “ek-ek-ek” sound is frequently heard while this is happening. The Ekek makes a faint sound when it is near, fooling people into thinking it is far away in the distance. 5Uchek Langmeidong (Manipuri) In the Meitei folktale “Uchek Langmeidong” (also known as “Chekla Langmeidong”), there is a story of a girl named Hayainu who is treated cruelly by her stepmother. Hayainu’s father is absent, and she is forced to do all the household work and is beaten by her stepmother. After her stepmother takes all of Hayainu’s luxurious clothes and jewelry and prevents her from attending a festival, Hayainu has a dream in which her real mother tells her to go to the world of the Langmeidongs (hornbills) and ask them for some feathers to stitch onto her body so she can fly away. Hayainu does as her mother says and flies away with the hornbills. When her father returns home, he is worried about Hayainu and goes out into the fields to call for her. She eventually returns with the hornbills and tells her father that she is now a Langmeidong and cannot eat human food anymore. The story ends with Hayainu visiting her father every day and bringing him fish to eat. 6Harpies (Greek Mythology) The Harpies were legendary creatures from Greek mythology that took the shape of a bird with a human female face. They were frequently used as tools of punishment because they kidnapped and tormented victims as they traveled to Hades’ domain, where they were used by the Gods to exact revenge on the guilty. They would take evildoers to the female goddesses of vengeance and retribution, the Furies, and steal food from their victims in the process. Their name, which means “snatchers,” is perfectly fitting for the crimes they committed. They were referred to as the hounds of Zeus and were sent out by God to steal things and people from the planet; they were frequently blamed for sudden and enigmatic disappearances. 7Ba – Part Of The Soul (Egyptian Mythology) A happy life on earth and being able to enter the afterlife after death were the two main concerns of the ancient Egyptians. They devoted a lot of time to worshiping and pleading with their gods and goddesses for assistance in their daily lives. They thought that even though a person might pass away, their soul would live on. Two names—the Ka and the Ba—were given to the soul. More freedom and the ability to travel to follow their gods were granted to the Ba portion of the soul. The Ba was the primary means by which the deceased could be joined with the living after passing away in order to prevent them from remaining imprisoned in the tomb. Once they were one, they were able to fly to the underworld to take the test before ascending to heaven. A bird with a human head and wings is frequently depicted as the symbol of the Ba. 8Arke (Greek Mythology) According to the myth, Arke was a female messenger of Mount Olympus, just like her twin sister Iris. Both sisters were originally given wings by Zeus as a reward, but Arke misused her privilege by delivering secret information to the Titans. Zeus was so angry that he either ripped off or burned off Arke’s wings, depending on the version of the myth. After losing her wings, Arke joined the Titans and was given new wings by Cronus. In some versions of the myth, Arke is described as being “evil,” and she is often depicted with dark wings and wearing dark attire. Before losing her wings, Arke was said to have lived in the shadow of her sister Iris, whose wings were never outshone. 9Calais and Zetes (Wind Brothers) Zetes and Calais were two brothers who were said to be the sons of Boreas, the North Wind. As a result, they were sometimes referred to as the Boreads. The myth states that these heroes had the ability to fly, either through the use of wings or by being carried by the wind itself. They used their flying skills to help the Argonauts free King Phineus from a group of Harpies. However, in some versions of the story, Zetes and Calais do not survive the encounter with the Harpies, as they become exhausted and fall into the sea while chasing the winged monsters. In other versions, though, they successfully defeat the Harpies and return to the Argo ready for more adventure. 10Iris Goddess (Greek Mythology) Iris was a Greek goddess who was known for being the messenger of the gods. She was also the goddess of the rainbow. Despite not being as well known as some of the other members of the pantheon, Iris played a significant role in many ancient myths and has even been featured as a character in modern works such as the “Lightning Thief” book series by Rick Riordan. Iris was the daughter of Thaumas, a sea god associated with wonders and miracles, and Elektra, a sea-nymph. 11Morpheus Dream God (Greek Mythology) Morpheus is an important figure in Greek mythology, associated with dreams and sleep. He is often depicted as a messenger, appearing to mortals in their dreams and shaping them in various ways. In some accounts, he is described as having wings, which he uses to travel to the dream world and carry his father, Hypnos, the god of sleep, to safety when needed. Morpheus is also known for his ability to transform into a variety of life-like forms, which allowed him to deceive even the most discerning individuals. Dreams were seen as a way for people to connect with the divine or the spirit world, and were often interpreted as prophecies or messages from loved ones. They were also seen as a way for people to explore and express their deepest desires, hopes, and imaginations. He was believed to have wings on his back. Some myths state that these wings were given to him and his brothers by their uncle Thanatos, the god of death, while others suggest that they were born with them. Morpheus is said to have used his wings to visit people in their dreams and offer assistance, as well as to transport his father Hypnos, the god of sleep who did not have wings, to the dream world located in caves to escape danger from Zeus. Pamola is a bird spirit that appears in the mythology of the Abenaki people, a Native American tribe native to the northeastern United States. According to the Penobscot tribal nation, Pamola was the spirit that inhabited Katahdin, the tallest mountain in Maine, and was the thunder god and protector of the mountain. He was described as having the head of a moose, the body of a man, and the wings and feet of an eagle. Pamola was both feared and respected by the Penobscot people and was seen as resenting mortals who intruded on the mountain. Because of this, climbing the mountain was considered taboo, and it was closed off limits to all who tried. Henry David Thoreau, in his writings about exploring the Penobscot River and Katahdin, noted that Pamola was always angry with those who tried to climb to the summit of the mountain.

Protein is essential for optimizing performance, recovery, muscle growth, fat loss, and overall health. It’s needed to maintain proper fluid balance, build and repair tissues, transport nutrients, synthesize hormones, and many other essential functions. In short, you must consume enough protein each day. That’s why it’s called an essential macronutrient, meaning you need it to survive. But many individuals aren’t sure how many grams of protein they should eat each day. If you fall into this category, follow this guide for the optimal daily protein intake for weight loss & muscle building. Let’s start by answering the fundamental question… How Much Protein to Eat in a Day The Dietary Reference Intake (DRI) for protein is 0.36 grams of protein per pound (0.8 grams per kg) of body weight. This amounts to: - 56 grams per day for the average sedentary man - 46 grams per day for the average sedentary woman Suffice it to say that this amount of protein is vastly inadequate for the active individual looking to build muscle or lose fat while retaining as much lean mass as possible. The International Society for Sports Nutrition (ISSN) and others recommend protein intake at levels higher than the RDA for physically active individuals, generally on the order of 1.6-2.2 grams of protein per kilogram of body weight — that’s over double the amount recommended by the DRI! Keep in mind, though, that the DRI and RDA’s protein intake values are the bare minimum intakes of protein needed to sustain life and maintain muscle for sedentary individuals. These amounts are not enough for active individuals to maintain, let alone build muscle.

“The End of Ancient Athens: The Archaeology and History of the Athenian Twilight” Lecturer: Michael H. Laughy, Jr. For over one thousand years, Athens ranked among the most vibrant intellectual, social, and economic centers of the ancient Mediterranean world. Beginning in the third century A.D., however, Athens was rocked by a series of barbarian sacks, marking a centuries-long period in which the fortunes—and the size—of the city ebbed and flowed. Athens began a period of slow recovery and expansion in the tenth century A.D., but by 1200 A.D., the city had fallen upon hard times once more. According to the then Archbishop of Athens, Michael Akominatos, “the glory of Athens has utterly perished; one can see nothing, not even a faint symbol, by which to recognize the ancient city.” In this lecture, some of the spectacular discoveries uncovered during recent excavations of Late Antique and Byzantine Athens will be revealed, and the ways these excavations enrich our understanding of the ancient accounts of the Athenian twilight will be discussed.

Can Diabetes Cause Tooth Loss Loss of teeth and diabetes have a relationship, too, albeit an indirect one. In the relationship between the two conditions, diabetes can inhibit the gum tissue to recover from inflammation and repair itself. This chronic inflammation from diabetes gums degrades the bone and gums, which can lead to gum recession, bone loss, and eventually, tooth loss. Also, leaving poorly compromised teeth in your mouth can increase diabetic complications and introduce harmful bacteria into the bloodstream.1 In these instances, surgical intervention or removal of hopeless teeth may benefit adjacent teeth and surrounding tissues. Is A High Protein Diet Good For Diabetics Researchers say weight loss is good, but too much protein can negate some of the effects. For those who are at risk of developing type 2 diabetes, the advice is consistent: lose weight. How much protein should a diabetic eat for breakfast? In this case, the recommended protein intake is about one gram per kilogram of body weight. Goal : Achieve A Healthy Body Weight Body mass index uses your height and weight to determine how much body fat you carry. A BMI of 18.5 to 25 is considered to be a healthy weight range with a healthy amount of body fat. Another measure, waist circumference, is considered by many to be a better indicator of excess abdominal body fat. A waist circumference has been shown to increase the risk of developing health problems such as type 2 diabetes, heart disease, and high blood pressure. The closer you are to a healthy body weight or at least an acceptable waist circumference, the more likely you will be able to control, prevent, and possibly reverse your risks of diabetes. Dont get overwhelmed by thinking about how much total weight you have to lose, advises Sandra Arévalo, MPH, RDN, CDE, a diabetes expert and spokesperson with the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. Studies have shown that losing just 5% to 10% of your body weight will significantly improve your blood sugar levels as well as your cardiovascular health, so set short-term goals of losing just 5 to 10 pounds to start. Don’t Miss: Target Blood Sugar Levels For Diabetics Add Extra Activity To Your Daily Routine If you have been inactive or you are trying a new activity, start slowly, with 5 to 10 minutes a day. Then add a little more time each week. Increase daily activity by spending less time in front of a TV or other screen. Try these simple ways to add physical activities in your life each day: - Walk around while you talk on the phone or during TV commercials. - Do chores, such as work in the garden, rake leaves, clean the house, or wash the car. - Park at the far end of the shopping center parking lot and walk to the store. - Take the stairs instead of the elevator. - Make your family outings active, such as a family bike ride or a walk in a park. If you are sitting for a long time, such as working at a desk or watching TV, do some light activity for 3 minutes or more every half hour.5 Light activities include - leg lifts or extensions What Is Carb Counting Carbohydrates are the sugar, starches, and fibers found in many foods, such as grains, fruits, and dairy products. Your body turns carbs into the sugar it uses for energy. This means carbs affect your blood sugar level more than other kinds of foods. Carb counting is a way to plan your meals. It keeps you aware of the amount of carbs youâre eating. That information can help you control what youâre eating and keep it within a healthy range for people with type 2 diabetes. This helps you manage your blood sugar levels. Doctors often suggest carb counting for people with diabetes who take insulin. It lets you match your insulin dose to the amount of carbs youâre getting. Carbs are measured in grams. To count your carbs, find out how many carbs are in the foods you eat. Add up the grams to figure out your total for each meal and snack. In general, you should get 45 to 60 grams of carbs with each meal and 15 to 20 grams for each snack. But remember, not all carbs are created equal. Fresh fruits, veggies, whole grains, and low-fat milk are the best sources of carbs. This is because foods high in fiber slow down the transport and absorption of glucose so that your body doesn’t get a sugar bolus as it is absorbed more slowly as it travels through your gut. This is related to the glycemic index discussed next. Your dietitian or diabetes educator can make a specific plan for you. Recommended Reading: What Is Insulin Used For The Best Foods For Type 2 Diabetes Are Plant Diet is a major contributing factor in the development and progression of type 2 diabetes. Low-carb diets can keep your blood sugar low, but they may have unintended negative consequences. If you replace carbohydrates from disease-preventing foods like vegetables, fruits, and whole grains with animal products, you increase your long-term risk for chronic disease, including type 2 diabetes. And low-carb diets may not be sustainable for many people. Instead, youll likely be better off if you focus on eating a diet centered on nutrient-dense plant foods. And for extra protection, add generous portions of these nine plant-based foods that have been studied for their ability to help you tackle type 2 diabetes. Tell us in the comments: - Which of these diabetes-fighting foods are already part of your diet? - Which ones arent yet? - What diabetes-friendly recipe will you try next? Which Types Of Dairy Can People With Diabetes Eat When picked well and eaten in moderation, dairy can be a great choice for people with diabetes. In fact, a review published September 2017 in Nutrients revealed that dairy products such as milk and yogurt offer protective benefits against type 2 diabetes. Whenever possible, opt for low-fat and fat-free dairy options to keep calories down, and unhealthy saturated fats at bay. Also, try to avoid flavored dairy, such as milks and yogurt, without added sugar. Best options, per the ADA and the Mayo Clinic: - Unsweetened almond milk Recommended Reading: One Touch Ultra 2 Glucose Meter Does Protein Turn To Sugar In The Body Proteins are foods like meat, cheese, and peanut butter. Between 5060% of protein becomes glucose and enters the bloodstream about 34 hours after its eaten. Can too much protein raise your blood sugar? Do you need to eat more protein if you have diabetes? Protein itself does not have much of an effect on blood sugar levels, though the food the protein is in may. Typically, people with diabetes dont need any more protein than people who dont have diabetes. There are, however, times when less protein is better. How much protein do you need in a day? Protein needs are commonly calculated based on body weight. The Institute of Medicines Dietary Reference Intakes recommend adult women take in 46 grams protein per day, males 56 g per day. Protein has several important functions in the body. During digestion, protein is broken down into smaller units called amino acids. What foods should you eat if you have diabetes? It further states that the American Diabetes Association recommends limiting protein intake to around 10 percent of daily caloric intake for people with diabetes. Protein comes from both plant and animal sources, and it is best to choose protein that is low in saturated fat. Vegetables sources such as beans, What Else Do I Need To Know About Diabetic Diets If you have diabetes, it’s important to eat the right amount of food every day. Your eating plan will include how much to eat, so that you get the right amount of carbs in each meal or snack. You’ll learn how to count carbs and measure your food. Eating at the right times is also important. You will want to plan for regular, balanced meals to avoid high or low blood sugar levels. Eating about the same amount of carbs at each meal can be helpful. Your eating plan will also teach you how to stick with your plan at home and when you eat out. Eating healthy to control your blood sugar does take some effort. But the reward is a chance to live your healthiest life with diabetes. NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases You May Like: How To Stimulate Pancreas To Produce Insulin Foods To Eat With Type 2 Diabetes You can follow many different eating patterns and diets to meet your health needs. With type 2 diabetes, be sure to pick a diet rich in nutrient-dense foods, which can help provide the fiber, vitamins, and minerals that your body needs. You should also be sure to enjoy a variety of heart-healthy fats, including monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids. These can help reduce your cholesterol levels to support heart health, according to a 2017 research review . Similarly, eating plenty of foods high in fiber can enhance blood sugar management and help keep you feeling fuller for longer to help prevent eating when youre not hungry. Your diet should also be sustainable and easy to follow. Diet plans that are overly restrictive or dont fit your lifestyle can be much harder to stick with in the long run. Here are some examples of nutritious foods that your diet should include: Here are some of the foods you should limit with type 2 diabetes: - sugar-sweetened beverages - processed foods Will Supplements And Vitamins Help My Diabetes No clear proof exists that taking dietary supplements such as vitamins, minerals, herbs, or spices can help manage diabetes.1 You may need supplements if you cannot get enough vitamins and minerals from foods. Talk with your health care provider before you take any dietary supplement since some can cause side effects or affect how your medicines work.2 You May Like: 6.2 A1c To Glucose Organic Tofu & Tempeh Although vegetarians might have a tougher time getting protein in their diet, Anziani recommends organic tofu. Tofus absorbs the flavor of whatever it is cooked with, making it extremely versatile. Another high-protein option is tempeh, a fermented soy protein that can replace animal protein. However, those with a thyroid condition should only consume tofu or tempeh two to three times a week. What Superstar Foods Are Good For Diabetes Superfood is a term used by many food and beverage companies as a way to promote a food thought to have health benefits however, there is no official definition of the word by the Food and Drug Administration . The FDA regulates the health claims allowed on food labels to ensure there is scientific research to support the claims. The list of foods below are rich in vitamins, minerals, antioxidants and fiber that are good for overall health and may also help prevent disease. Also Check: How To Calculate A1c From Glucose Which Diet Is Right For Diabetes Many diets claim health benefits. But newer guidelines for people with type 2 diabetes say that there is not just one diet for diabetes management that a variety of eating styles can work. How do you choose whats right for you? Before you decide to commit to a particular diet, heres some tried-and-true tips: - Eat more non-starchy vegetables things like broccoli, cauliflower and carrots. Raw or cooked vegetables or salads its hard to eat too many of this food group. Eat them at meals and for snacks. - Minimize added sugars and refined grains. Choose cereals and breads without added sugars or very low in added sugar, and drink water as your main beverage. - Choose whole foods over highly processed foods as much as possible. Look for whole grains over refined grains. Avoid or eat less from boxed mixes, breaded and deep fried foods, or those with heavy gravies and sauces. There many diets out there that you can look to for weight loss. But our list highlights a few better diets, two you should approach with caution, and diets to avoid altogether if you have diabetes. What Causes Type 2 Diabetes While you have a better chance of developing type 2 diabetes if a parent or sibling also has it, your genes are not the main predictor, as we saw with the Pima. Even if you have genes that predispose you to diabetes, its your diet and lifestyle that tend to turn those genes on or off. Type 2 diabetes is therefore defined as a lifestyle disease, primarily caused by underactivity and being overweight or obese. Since type 2 diabetes often corresponds with being overweight or obese, two of the most powerful factors that determine your risk are energy intake and expenditure how many calories you consume, and how many you burn. Which means that diet plays a major part in the development and maintenance of the disease . The thing that determines how well your body transports glucose from your blood into the tissues where its needed is called insulin tolerance. Insulin is the hormone that acts like a key, opening your cells to let in glucose. If your tissues become resistant to insulins key, and stay shut even in the presence of high levels of blood glucose, thats known as insulin resistance. Read Also: What To Do When Low Blood Sugar Best Foods For Diabetics For most of us, dialing back on sugar and simple carbs is an effective way to fast-track weight loss. But for those living with diabetes, it can be a matter of life and death. That’s why it’s important to know the best foods for diabetics . Diabetics are two to four times more likely than people without diabetes to die of heart disease or experience a life-threatening stroke, according to the American Heart Association. And for those who don’t properly control their condition, the odds of health issueswhich range from cardiovascular trouble to nerve damage and kidney diseaseincreases exponentially. Luckily there are plenty of delicious foods that are compatible with diabetes. The best foods for diabetics are low-carb, low-sugar, and high in fiber, digestion-slowing macronutrients like healthy fats and protein, and high in flavor. These diabetes foods are recommended by registered dietitians and certified diabetes educators: - Miriam Jacobson, MS, RD, CNS, CDN These superfoods will keep your blood sugar in check without skimping on flavor. Bonus: Most of these foods are also packed with essential vitamins and antioxidants to fight off inflammation and keep your energy levels high. What Foods And Drinks Should I Limit If I Have Diabetes Foods and drinks to limit include - fried foods and other foods high in saturated fat and trans fat - foods high in salt, also called sodium - sweets, such as baked goods, candy, and ice cream - beverages with added sugars, such as juice, regular soda, and regular sports or energy drinks Drink water instead of sweetened beverages. Consider using a sugar substitute in your coffee or tea. If you drink alcohol, drink moderatelyno more than one drink a day if youre a woman or two drinks a day if youre a man. If you use insulin or diabetes medicines that increase the amount of insulin your body makes, alcohol can make your blood glucose level drop too low. This is especially true if you havent eaten in a while. Its best to eat some food when you drink alcohol. Read Also: Best Berberine Supplement For Blood Sugar What Is Type 2 Diabetes Type 2 diabetes is a condition in which the body does not produce enough insulin or has become resistant to insulin. Insulin helps cells absorb glucose from the blood and keeps blood sugar levels under control. In diabetics, the body either doesnt use insulin properly or, over time, cant produce it at all. This means that even though their bodies have large amounts of blood sugar, cells dont get any energy from this glucose! So type two diabetics need to eat regularly throughout their days instead of only a few big meals a day as other people do. These 20 foods are perfect for those who have been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes! Greek Yogurt With Berries Greek yogurt with berries is an easy, tasty, and nutritious breakfast option that suits individuals with diabetes. According to some studies, eating dairy products may improve blood sugar control and lower blood sugar levels. Its speculated that this may partly be due to yogurts probiotics, which help your body break down sugars ( - Carbs: 13.5 grams - Fiber: 1.6 grams This dish is relatively low in calories. If desired, you can add a tablespoon of crushed or slivered nuts for a boost of calories and healthy fats without increasing the carb content by much. Greek yogurt with berries is a nutritious breakfast option. It may improve blood sugar control, partly due to the probiotics found in yogurt. Read Also: What Drugs Are Used For Diabetes Key Components Of A Type 2 Diabetes Diet Contrary to popular belief, a type 2 diabetes meal plan is not necessarily a low-carb diet, nor should it be a high-protein or very low-fat meal plan. In fact, the ADA recommends less emphasis on specific requirements for proteins, carbs, and fats, and more emphasis on eating a high-quality diet based around whole, unprocessed foods. The key components of a type 2 diabetes meal plan are: What About The Keto Diet For Type 2 Diabetes Thats why keto diets, which may help in the short term with blood glucose levels and weight loss, are not sustainable. Because its so difficult to maintain such a severely reduced calorie consumption, keto offers a temporary Band-Aid rather than a true reversal of type 2 diabetes. And keto tends to be high in saturated fat, which turns out to be one of the main drivers of insulin resistance. Saturated fat, which we predominantly get from eating animal products and tropical oils such as palm oil, can increase fat accumulation in cells and promote the formation of inflammatory compounds, both of which contribute to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Also Check: Side Effects Of Lantus Insulin

Flying Ants vs Termites As a pest control expert, I have seen countless cases of termite and ant infestations. One of the most common misconceptions I encounter is the confusion between winged termites and flying ants. While they may look similar at first glance, there are significant differences between the two species that can impact the treatment and prevention methods used. So, how can you tell the difference between winged termites and flying ants? Here are a few key factors to consider. One of the most noticeable differences between winged termites and flying ants is their body shape. Winged termites have a straight, tube-like body with no visible waist, while flying ants have a more defined waist between their thorax and abdomen. Termites also have straight antennae, while ants have elbowed antennae. Wing Size and Shape Another key difference between the two species is their wing size and shape. Termite wings are typically longer than their body and have a uniform shape, while ant wings are shorter and wider with a distinctive “vein” pattern. Additionally, termites have two sets of wings that are the same size, while ants have two sets of wings of different sizes. Color can also be a useful distinguishing factor between winged termites and flying ants. Termites are typically pale or translucent, while ants can range in color from black to brown to reddish-brown. Behavior Flying Ants vs Termites Observing the behavior of the insects can also provide clues as to their identity. Termites are typically found in large groups and swarm in the spring or fall. They are attracted to light and may be seen around windows or light fixtures. Flying ants, on the other hand, are more commonly seen in the summer and may be found individually or in smaller groups. They are also attracted to light and may be seen around outdoor lighting fixtures. Finally, the type of damage caused by each species can also help to identify them. Termites feed on wood and can cause significant damage to homes and other structures. They typically eat the softwood first, leaving a honeycomb-like pattern of tunnels behind. Flying ants do not typically cause structural damage and are more of a nuisance than a threat. If you suspect that you have a termite or ant infestation, it is important to contact a pest control professional for an inspection and proper treatment. Using the wrong treatment method can be ineffective and may even make the problem worse. In conclusion, knowing the difference between winged termites and flying ants can save you time, money, and frustration. By paying attention to body shape, wing size and shape, color, behavior, and damage, you can accurately identify the species and take the necessary steps to prevent and treat infestations. Remember, when in doubt, always consult a pest control expert for assistance.

Hughes Returns and Preserves the Court Amidst a Great Storm November 1, 2023 When President Herbert Hoover in 1930 nominated Charles Evans Hughes to be Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, an unprecedented second tour of duty on the nation’s High Tribunal, he didn’t find it necessary to offer much in the way of justification because, he said, “it was the obvious appointment.” Hughes’s forceful, forbidding Jovian aura commanded attention and respect. Justice Robert H. Jackson, a historic figure in American law, and comfortable in the company of great men, once said of Hughes: “He looked like God and talked like God.” Justice Hughes had resigned from the Court in 1916 for what proved to be an unsuccessful presidential campaign against Woodrow Wilson. Perhaps surprisingly, his sterling reputation was not diminished by the electoral defeat. Rather, he remained in high demand. Suitors for his talents stood in line. Hughes returned to the New York Bar as one of the nation’s preeminent attorneys and a leading advocate before the Supreme Court addressing, as it were, his former colleagues. In 1921, Hughes left private practice when President Warren G. Harding appointed him to be Secretary of State. Once more, Hughes demonstrated extraordinary skills, this time in service of international diplomacy and peace. Hughes had been an advocate of the Treaty of Versailles and the League of Nations but decided that further efforts to persuade the U.S. Senate would be futile. He negotiated a separate peace treaty with Germany and then championed the cause of an international reduction of military armament. Indeed, his great achievement as Secretary of State was the Washington Naval Disarmament Conference, 1921-1922, which he conceived, hosted and dominated. The great naval powers of the day, including the United States, agreed to drastic limitations in the tonnage of their warships. At Foggy Bottom, Hughes’s energies were devoted to preventing another world war. Exhausted by overwork, Hughes left the state department in 1925 and returned to private practice. In 1928, he accepted appointment as a judge on The Permanent Court of International Justice, which he had promoted and saw as a forum for resolving questions of international law and preventing war. He resigned from the court when President Hoover nominated him to be Chief Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court. Hughes’s credentials to serve on the Supreme Court require no exaggeration. The talents and skills that won him admiration from American and world leaders were put to a stiff test when he ascended to the High Bench at a time of worldwide economic and political emergencies that engulfed the judiciary and challenged the rule of law and the adaptability of the Constitution to the crisis of the times. Chief Justice Hughes has been viewed by colleagues and judicial scholars as one of the Court’s great administrative leaders. Caught in the clutches of the Great Depression, Hughes led the Court in its most important era since the time of Chief Justice John Marshall. The Hughes Court was badly frayed by personal discord among the Justices, deep ideological and doctrinal divisions, and tension with the executive branch. The so-called Four Horsemen, on constitutional, political and ideological grounds, rejected New Deal legislation intended to lift the country from the depths of the Depression. President Franklin D. Roosevelt smoldered at the judicial rejection of his efforts to govern the nation and attacked the Court’s “horse and buggy” jurisprudence and launched a “court-packing plan” to circumvent the Horsemen and restore balance to the Court. Court watchers over the years have expressed admiration for Hughes’s ability to keep the Court functioning as an institution. Chief Justice Hughes was committed to the preservation of an ideal for the Court, one that embodied detachment, impartiality, efficiency, and dignity. He defended these ideals when forces all around him were mocking them. Hughes, for example, defended the Court in the face of FDR’s accusations of inefficiency. He took pains to assign opinions in such a way as to blunt the identification of any Justice with a partisan position. He sought to win support for moderate draft opinions. His own opinions reflected careful reasoning designed to distinguish contrary precedents without overruling them, all in the name of stability. As an administrator, he found the means to deal with Justice Benjamin Cardozo’s failing health and moderate the bristling acrimony between Justices. A Chief Justice, however, has limited means to conduct the business of the Supreme Court. His vote, after all, is just one of nine. Despite his colleagues’ respect for his leadership skills and commitment to efficiency and order, they were quick to criticize. Justice Louis Brandeis recalled that the Saturday conferences (later replaced with Friday conferences) lasted six hours and that Hughes did all the talking. Justice Felix Frankfurter said that Hughes did not see the conferences as a “debating society” but rather as a “place where nine men do solos.” Justice Harlan Stone wanted the sessions to be “much fuller and freer.” Other Justices thought their opinions were summarily dismissed or suppressed in discussion and didn’t like being asked to write opinions on subjects that didn’t square with their inclinations. At all events, and despite occasional criticisms, Hughes has been awarded high marks for his steady hand in guiding the Court through challenging years which, to borrow from Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes’s apt phrase, placed it in “storm centre.”

"In Witchcraft at Salem (1969), for example, Chadwick Hansen offered the first balanced, comparative account of the Salem episode. He showed that by seventeenth-century standards the evidence that supernatural crimes were being committed was overwhelming. There were practicing witches in New England—people who believed themselves in contact with the invisible world and able to harness it to do harm to others. Moreover, those who imagined themselves to be victims of the witches were truly “possessed.” This is to say that they suffered genuine torments, and that most of them honestly believed these to be administered by witches. Their fits were accompanied by physical symptoms that included the spontaneous appearance of physical marks exactly where they felt themselves being pricked. Their symptoms and behavior, Hansen showed, were typical of modern cases of extreme hysteria observed under clinical conditions. Yet the New England courts, despite the apparently unmistakable evidences of witchcraft set before them, consistently acquitted far more witches than they convicted. Fifty people confessed to being witches in Salem, but thirty of them were never convicted (in the end twenty out of hundreds accused were found guilty and executed). Outside of Salem, sixteen witches were executed in America during the seventeenth century, and none thereafter. In France during the same period, Hansen pointed out, “approximately nine hundred witches were burned in the single city of Bamber, and approximately five thousand in the single province of Alsace.” It can be added that by some estimates five hundred thousand people were burned as witches between the fifteenth and seventeenth centuries in Europe, most of them being first subjected to dreadful tortures.

For developing countries with scarce access to clean water, water well drilling for water is essential. Learning how to drill effectively and at a low cost is important. Using proper equipment to drill these cost-effective boreholes is the only solution. In this blog, we will understand and list the different drilling methods with their advantages and disadvantages for developing countries. Types of Drilling Methods Drilling methods include: - Percussion Drilling (cable tool drilling) - Hand-auger Drilling - Air Hammer drilling - Air Rotary Drilling - Mud Rotary Drilling First, let’s talk about drilling constraints and why they are important. Depending on the geological formations, they can be consolidated or unconsolidated formations. Understanding the difference is essential to use the proper drilling methods. Consolidated formations such as hard rock like granite, basalt, or slate, are hard, solid, and dense, will need a percussion drilling method,. On the other hand, unconsolidated formations such as sand, silt, or clay are weak and are typically drilled with mud rotary. Low-Cost Drilling Methods: What They Are and How They Are Used Percussion drilling is a type of drilling where a hammering action is used to break up the rock. A steel bit is attached to the end of a drilling rod, and the whole assembly is rotated. As the bit hits the stone, it breaks it up, Percussion drilling is suitable for drilling in hard formations. Hand-auger drilling is a type of drilling that uses a hand-powered auger to drill holes. An auger is a drilling tool with a helical screw blade attached to a shaft. The auger is rotated by hand, and the debris falls down the hole. Hand-auger drilling is a slow process and is only suitable for unconsolidated deposits. Jetting is a drilling method that uses high-pressure water to drill through unconsolidated materials such as sand or gravel. The waterjet drilling system consists of a pump, a hose, and a nozzle. The pump pressurizes the water to create a jet of high-pressure water that hits the drilling target. The high-pressure water breaks up the material and washes it away, forming a hole. Sludging is a drilling method that uses a slurry of mud and water to lubricate and cool the drill bit. It is suitable for drilling in all types of rocks but is most effective in consolidated formations. The main disadvantage of this method is that it produces a lot of drilling waste, which can be challenging to dispose of in an environmentally-friendly way. Air Hammer drilling a drilling method that uses a rotary drill bit to create holes. It is suitable for drilling in consolidated formations. The main disadvantage of this method is that it is expensive. Rotary mud drilling is a method that uses a rotary drill bit to create holes. It is suitable for drilling in all types offormations. The main advantage of this method is that it can be swift and efficient. However, the main disadvantage is that it requires a large amount of water, which may not be available in arid or drought-prone areas. HydroLOGICA: Making a Difference in Rural Communities At HydroLOGICA, we provide safe water access to schools and communities, all while training the world. We support economic development through efficient water access to rural communities. Get in touch with the best water well drilling company in Nicaragua.

New observations of black hole reveal surprises Astronomers have recalculated the mass of the Cygnus X-1 black hole, the first black hole ever found, and they say it’s about one-and-a-half times more massive than once thought, detailing their findings in Science. Using observations by the Very Long Baseline Array, researchers say the Cygnus X-1 system, which was first discovered in 1964, is heavier and a little farther from Earth than was previously estimated. Dreamers can talk in their sleep in real time Researchers were able to communicate with sleeping people while they were lucid dreaming. “This demonstrates it is possible to correctly perceive external stimuli and perform the operations necessary for answering, all while remaining asleep,” said Karen Konkoly, a study author. Brazilian tree frog unusual breeding strategy The Paranapiacaba tree frogs of Brazil lay their eggs in water collected inside the leaves of bromeliad plants that grow near streams, and the tadpoles that emerge then find their way into the stream to finish growing. The parent frogs mate inside the bromeliad, with the males leaving the females to spawn, but researchers were surprised that the resulting tadpoles didn’t move to a larger body of water to finish their development. Graphene chips for faster phones, laptops Physicists say folding strips of graphene like origami could result in microchips that would improve the performance of laptops and smartphones. “This kind of technology – ‘straintronics’ using nanomaterials as opposed to electronics – allows space for more chips inside any device,” said Alan Dalton, author of a study detailing the find. Superconductivity tuned in twisted trilayer graphene Researchers report being able to tune the superconductivity found in twisted trilayer graphene. “With the density of electrons you have in the cuprates, if you had the relative coupling strength you have in these trilayers, you would have superconductivity well above room temperature,” says Pablo Jarillo-Herrero, a professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

As a springboard for the attack on the Ukrainian capital, Kyiv, the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone, one of the most toxic places on Earth, may not have been the best choice. But that did not seem to bother the Russian generals who had captured the site in the early stages of the war. “We told them not to do this, it’s dangerous, but they ignored us,” Valery Semyonov, chief safety engineer at the Chernobyl nuclear site, said in an interview. Apparently undeterred by safety concerns, Russian forces pounded the ground with bulldozers and tanks, digging trenches and bunkers – exposing themselves to potentially harmful doses of radiation lingering beneath the surface. On a visit to the recently liberated nuclear plant, which was the site of the world’s worst nuclear disaster in 1986, winds blew swirls of dust along roads, and scenes of disregard for safety were everywhere, although Ukrainian nuclear officials say it did not. A large radioactive leak due to the Russian military occupation for a month. At just one trench-digging site a few hundred meters outside Chernobyl, the Russian army has dug an intricate labyrinth of sunken passages and bunkers. Nearby sat an abandoned armored personnel carrier. Apparently the soldiers had been camping for weeks in the radioactive forest. While International nuclear safety experts They say they have not confirmed any cases of radiation sickness among soldiers, and that cancers and other potential health problems associated with radiation exposure may not develop until decades later. Semyonov said the Russian military had deployed officers from a nuclear, biological and chemical unit, as well as experts from Rosatom, Russia’s state nuclear energy company, who had consulted with Ukrainian scientists. But he said it appears that Russian nuclear experts do not have much influence over the military’s leaders. The military men seemed more preoccupied with planning the attack on Kyiv, and then they failed, using Chernobyl as an escape route into Belarus for their poorly attacked forces. “They came and did what they wanted” in the area around the station, said Mr. Semyonov. Despite the efforts of he and other Ukrainian nuclear engineers and technicians who remained at the site during the occupation, working around the clock and unable to leave except for one shift change in late March, solidification continued. The excavation was not the only case of reckless treatment of a site so toxic that it still had the potential to spread radiation beyond Ukraine’s borders. In a particularly unwise act, a Russian soldier from a chemical, biological and nuclear protection unit picked up a source of cobalt-60 at a waste storage site with his bare hands, exposing himself to so much radiation in a few seconds that Mr. . He said it was not clear what happened to the man. The most alarming moment, Semyonov said, came in mid-March, when a cooling basin storing spent nuclear fuel rods that contained several times more radioactive material than was dispersed in the 1986 catastrophe lost power. Ukrainians worried that a fire would break out if Boiling water cools the fuel rods, exposing them to the air, although that possibility was Quickly rejected by experts. While withdrawing from Chernobyl, Russian forces blew up a bridge in the exclusion zone and planted a dense maze of anti-personnel mines, detonating wires and booby traps around the defunct station. The Ukrainian government agency that runs the site said two Ukrainian soldiers trampled mines last week. In a strange final sign of the unit’s adventures, Ukrainian soldiers have found discarded electronic devices and goods on the roads in the Chernobyl region. These were apparently looted from cities deep in Ukraine and were disposed of for reasons unclear in the final withdrawal. Journalists found one washing machine on the shoulder of a road outside Chernobyl. . “Proud zombie lover. Evil pop culture buff. Amateur thinker. Total food practitioner. Tv evangelist.”