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Early education at the Westport-Weston Cooperative Nursery School follows a child-centered approach, with individual attention given to each child's needs and sensibilities. The child's interests and questions are paramount in considering the curriculum content. The Co-op values children's play as the context for their learning. We believe that a learning process that includes self-discovery is most meaningful. We recognize that this is an interdependent triangle among child, the family, and the teacher. This triad has the power to directly impact each child's personal growth and development. A strong belief is that the family's willingness to participate in the functions of the school fosters an early example to their children that cooperation is an integral part of education. The teacher’s goal is to provide a safe learning environment that inspires children to explore their classrooms and the outside world. Teachers provide nurturing support to the individual needs of the children in their care, recognizing and encouraging each child's physical, creative, emotional, social and intellectual growth. The Co-op believes that helping a child develop a positive self-image is the best foundation for his or her future education. The Co-op strives to engage children, families, and the staff in ways that model respect, acceptance, and equality. The school does not discriminate on the basis of race, color, national or ethnic origin, or sexual orientation in the administration of its educational policies and admissions. Helping children thrive since 1955

My First Engineering brings together maths, construction and science in a hands-on way when children build their own toy. Learn about the science of gravity, simple mechanisms, and the strength and stability needed in building structures. Encouraging kids with engineering concepts at a young age increases their confidence and abilities as they grow and may even influence a future career. The most important thing is to let kids experiment and try things for themselves, though help from time to time is always helpful. DIY Solar System 39 pcs 9cm (3.5") Cranial Nerve Skull Anatomy Model Mineral Radio Gateway Kit 13cm (5") Desk Top Political Globe

A lottery is a gambling game in which participants pay a small amount of money for the chance to win large sums of money. The money raised is usually used for a variety of purposes, including public goods. There are many types of lotteries. Some of the more popular are financial, in which participants bet a small amount of money for the chance of winning a large jackpot. Others are organized for charitable purposes, in which a portion of the proceeds is donated to good causes. The earliest recorded lottery was held during the reign of Augustus Caesar in Rome for municipal repairs. It was also used to raise funds for cannons in Philadelphia during the American Revolution. Almost every state has authorized the use of lotteries in order to fund various types of public projects, and they are often praised for being painless forms of taxation. Some critics have argued that they promote addictive gambling behavior, are a major regressive tax on lower-income groups, and lead to other abuses. Super-sized jackpots drive lottery sales, not least because they generate a windfall of free publicity on news sites and television. They also increase the stakes, which drives more ticket sales. How to Pick the Right Numbers The most effective way to pick your lottery numbers is to follow a system of mathematics. Avoid superstitions, quick picks, and picking numbers randomly. Instead, focus on selecting combinations that have a high ratio of success to failure. The key is to cover a wide range of numbers, and to select low, high, odd, and even numbers evenly.

Differences in wealth and differences in income are the wrong ways to measure economic inequality, and going by either of them “dramatically overstates” the degree of inequality in the United States, a working paper argues. The right measure of economic inequality is differences in spending power, says the paper, “U.S. Inequality and Fiscal Progressivity: An Intragenerational Accounting,” which is by the economist Alan Auerbach of the University of California, Berkeley, the economist Laurence Kotlikoff of Boston University and the software developer Darryl Koehler of Economic Security Planning. Spending power — the amount of goods and services that a person can buy — is what really matters to people because it captures the ability to satisfy their wants and needs, Auerbach, an expert on the economics of public finance, told me. He asked me to imagine bars of gold encased in a radioactive block. If wealth can’t be used, it’s of no value. The same goes for income, he said. Study after study has shown rising inequality of income and wealth in the United States. An article by the economists Thomas Piketty, Emmanuel Saez and Gabriel Zucman published in 2017 found that the average real income of the top 0.1 percent of the population grew by 298 percent between 1984 and 2014, while the average real income of the bottom half of the population grew just 21 percent. But spending power gives a different picture. Still bad, but not as bad. The richest 1 percent of 40- to 49-year-olds in the United States own 29.1 percent of their age cohort’s net wealth, but account for only 11.8 percent of their group’s remaining lifetime spending power, the new paper says. The poorest fifth of the 40-somethings own just 0.4 percent of the group’s net wealth but have 6.6 percent of the remaining lifetime spending power, the paper says. The authors have revised the paper repeatedly since its first draft in 2016, incorporating new data and responding to requests from journal editors. They released the latest version on July 5. The paper has been accepted for publication by the Journal of Political Economy. Difference in wealth overstates inequality because it fails to capture two of the main enablers of spending power, namely earnings from work and government benefits, the paper says. Someone who has no money in the bank can still have a relatively decent lifestyle based on salary and various transfer payments, including Social Security. Taking a snapshot of the population in any given year, as some studies do, will also tend to overstate the degree of inequality in society, Auerbach told me. For example, 60-year-olds tend to have more income and wealth than 20-year-olds. But that’s not really evidence of societal inequality: You want to compare people at the same stage in life. The authors did not tilt their methodology to lessen the appearance of inequality. For example, they took into account that poorer people tend to die younger, so they receive Social Security benefits for fewer years than do wealthier people. This means that the Social Security system is less progressive than it appears if you look only at tax and benefit rates. The authors also focused on spending power, not spending. Inequality as measured by differences in actual spending would have been smaller because rich people don’t spend everything they’re capable of spending, while poor people do. You might object that there is something you can do with your wealth besides spend it, and that’s bequeath it to children or charities. The authors took that into account: Their measure of spending power includes the money people leave behind when they die. To arrive at their results the authors had to figure in complex interactions between hundreds of federal and state government benefit programs, each with its own phase-outs based on wealth and income. That was carried out by software from Economic Security Planning called MaxiFi Planner. The software is available as a commercial product for personal-finance planning but has been built out to serve as a general-purpose tool for economic research. Funders of that effort included the Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, the Goodman Institute and the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation. The methodology used by Auerbach, Kotlikoff and Koehler has been criticized by the Center on Budget and Policy Priorities as “complex, confusing and uninformative.” When the methodology is used to compare today’s population with unborn generations — so-called intergenerational accounting — it requires forecasts to be made out to infinity, which the center correctly notes is “very iffy.” This paper compares people of the same ages — so-called intragenerational accounting — so it doesn’t require such long-run forecasting. In any case, Auerbach told me, “our response is, if you’re uncertain about the future, fine, that doesn’t mean you should ignore it.” Number of the Week The seasonally adjusted annual rate of sales of existing homes in the United States in June, down from an annual pace of 5.41 million in May, according to the median of estimates by economists surveyed by FactSet. There’s still a housing shortage but demand is softening because of rising mortgage rates. Action Economics of Boulder, Colo., estimates that the median sales price rose 10.7 percent in June from a year earlier, versus a record-high annual increase of 25.2 percent in May 2021. The National Association of Realtors is set to release the official data on Wednesday. Quote of the Day “Learn from me, if not by my precepts, at least by my example, how dangerous is the acquirement of knowledge ….” — Mary Shelley, “Frankenstein” (1818) Have feedback? Send a note to [email protected].

To make a profit, business managers have to control expenses. This task requires a good deal of information about how to record expenses and losses. How many expense accounts should a business maintain? There’s no easy answer to this question. To get an idea of the broad range of expenses a business may have and therefore needs to account for, imagine a business with $10 million annual sales revenue. With that much revenue, you know right off that this company isn’t a small, storefront operation. The business probably has more than 50 employees and hundreds or thousands of customers. It may have several locations, and it pays property taxes on its real estate. The business may manufacture the products it sells, or it may be a retailer that buys products in condition for resale. Most likely, it buys insurance coverage to protect against various risks. It also probably advertises the products it sells. For a $10 million business like this one, you might expect to find several hundred different expense accounts — even a thousand or more is possible. Most businesses with $10 million annual sales revenue have total annual expenses over $9 million, or more than 90 percent of their sales revenue. Few businesses earn 10 percent or higher bottom-line profit on their sales revenue. It takes a lot of accounts to keep track of over $9 million in expenses. Accountants record expenses by decreasing assets or increasing liabilities. Many different assets and liabilities are credited in making expense entries. The amounts recorded for certain expenses aren’t definite or clear-cut. To complicate matters further, the liabilities used to record certain expenses are difficult to understand. The summary below matches expenses with the balance sheet accounts that are credited in recording the expenses. For instance, in recording cost of goods sold expense, the inventory asset account is credited. Many different expenses are recorded when cash disbursements for the expenses are made. This shows that a specific expense account is recorded when a cash payment is made. The expense could be one of many in the business’s chart of accounts.

We understand that kids with a lot of energy and free time in the house can cause chaos and inevitable disaster regardless of where they live. This is why we've compiled a massive list of our favorite indoor activities for kids that will keep them occupied, allow them to play with friends (or siblings) without much equipment, or allow you to spend quality time with your children! Please sit back, take a deep breath, and unwind as we provide you with simple activities and fun crafts to help turn a gloomy day into a pleasant one. *Take a look at our explore page at the end of the article to find some indoor activities near you! Indoor Games for Kids Indoor games or activities are a type of structured game or competitive physical exercise that is done primarily at home. They are typically helpful when it is raining or snowing, or when there is a vacation or after school hours when there is more time to kill at home. Moments like these can be used to spend meaningful time with your children by playing some indoor games. The following are some of the best indoor activities for elementary-aged kids to keep them active and stretching their muscles and brain. - Indoor Literacy Activities Literacy learning is one of the best activities you can do with your elementary-aged children. If they can read, you can let them read you interesting, picture-filled books, or you can simply read to them in a fun way. Indoor literacy activities could include: - Alphabet tracers – These are printable or learning worksheets that help children learn alphabets by tracing the dots shown in the images. - Hanging the alphabet – You use flashcards in a box here, and your children hang words with each letter on the flashboards. - Spelling games – are simple reading games that use letter sounds or phonetics. Line up words and have your children pronounce the letter sounds first, then the entire word. Other indoor literacy activities include phonics puzzles, poetry, form letters with craft sticks, and phonics teaching ideas. - Tape and Maze Games Tape games are far more versatile indoor games than most people realize. You can start the game by using painter's tape. Tape a line of any length, design, or angle to the floor and challenge your child to follow it to the end. The various tape game variations could be; - Angle Balance beam – Tape down lines in different angles; spiral and zig-zags, and ask your kid to follow the line to the end - Tape maze – You will need enough floor space to create a maze for this type of maze game. Create a maze for children, add dead ends, and instruct them to take the correct path. - Number maze – This game is useful for teaching children number recognition and counting skills. Simply mark numbers along the route, and the child will follow the correct order out. Driving course, backward balance beam, and heel-to-toe are other variations of the tape and maze games. - Fun Sock Games This is one of favorite varieties of indoor enrichment activities for kids. They are for you if you have extra socks or old socks lying around the house. You can keep your kids engaged and entertained during a holiday break, weekends, or summer vacation by playing various sock games. Here are some enjoyable sock games: - Sock puppets – Slip the sock over your hands to make sock puppets. Using these socks, you and your children can dress up as various characters such as animals, humans, aliens, and computers. - Sock snowmen – You can make your kids rice-filled snowmen out of socks, with cute buttons and a winter hat to play with. - Sock ball (soccer) – Prepare your play area, create a sock ball, and play football. This is also applicable for other sports such as sock basketball, bowling, throw and catch, dodgeball, baseball batting, hockey, and ski-ball. - Sock Board Game – This is a ready-made board game you can buy at a game store. Sock bean bags, sock graphs, and sock memory games are some other enjoyable sock games. - Indoor Water Activities Water activity benefits sensory and motor skills, making it an excellent indoor activity for children. Also, kids love to play with water. All you need are some household items such as bowls and, most importantly, a towel to get started. Here are some indoor water activities for kids: - Car Wash – This is one of the simplest indoor water activities to entertain your children. Fill a pan or tray halfway with warm soapy water and add cars. You're good to go. - Float and sink experiment – You can conduct your own "science experiment" with a bowl of water and a variety of objects, in which your child tests the floating ability of each object. - Bubbles – Bubble games are endlessly entertaining for children. The game requires only soapy water, spoons, and cups. Water-drop races, funnel and hose, playing with thin ice, and container bubbles in the bath are some other simple indoor water activities. - Balloon Games Balloons are great for creating inexpensive and fun games that can be used to entertain children. As a parent, you can either supervise or participate in the fun. Here are some balloon game suggestions: - Keep the balloon up – This is most likely the simplest indoor kid activity. Simply blow up some balloons and tell your kids to keep the balloons from touching the ground. - Balloon tennis or volleyball – Set up a divider as a net, and your kids can volley the ball back and forth without touching the floor. Surprise pop, protect your balloon, pass the balloon, and balloon painting are some other balloon games. Some games may require using tools such as fly swatters, wooden spoons, or plastic spatulas. - Motor Skills Activities Using indoor activities for elementary-aged kids as a tool for development is fantastic! Children develop motor skills at different rates, but some indoor games can help them improve. Motor skill games benefit children who struggle with simple tasks such as grasping pencils, moving objects, and using tools such as scissors. If your child has difficulties, you should try the fun motor skills activities listed below. - Play dough and putty – These games are frequently used to help children improve their motor skills. Get a box of play clay and let your child stretch, squeeze, and pinch the clay to form various objects. - Painting – Painting allows you to demonstrate your child's hand-eye coordination, manual dexterity and, most importantly, keep them busy. - Gardening and planting – Digging, gardening, and planting improve motor skills. You can do this indoors for small plants! Ball in a box, filling a jar, sorting activities, and pounding practice are other motor skills that can keep your kids busy and improve their fine motor skills. A Quick Recap As you can see, indoor activities do not have to be limited to board or card games. They also don't have to be dull, tedious, or expensive! Our favorite indoor activities for elementary-aged kids allow free play and provide ample time and skill development to explore their world on their own terms. You can also modify some of these games to suit the equipment you have on hand, as well as if you have more than one child or children of different ages. Take a look at these other articles for more incredible activities!

Home Living with Arthritis Coronavirus PUBLISHED 06/26/23 BY Kelsey Kloss Learn more about our FREE COVID-19 Patient Support Program for chronic illness patients and their loved ones. It’s a fact of life: Viruses mutate. But it’s still concerning to see headlines touting the latest COVID-19 variant, especially if you’re high-risk for severe illness. You may feel like you were just getting comfortable enough to rejoin previous activities, then you heard about another strain with an ominous name. The latest one in the press is the XBB.1.16 variant, which is another Omicron strain that has been dubbed “arcturus.” This variant currently makes up 14.6 percent of cases in the United States, per the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The XBB.1.16 variant has been declared a “variant of interest” by the World Health Organization (WHO) and has had a weekly rise in prevalence globally. However, its global risk assessment has been determined to be low. In India, where XBB.1.16 is most prevalent, there has been a slight increase in hospital bed occupancy numbers, but the levels are still much lower than what was seen in previous waves of new variants. Available data doesn’t suggest that XBB.1.16 poses more public health risk compared to other circulating Omicron descendant lineages. However, it could become dominant in certain countries, according to the WHO. This might lead to a surge in case rates due to the variant’s growth advantage and its ability to evade immune responses (though no changes in severity have been reported in countries where it is circulating). For those who are immunocompromised, understanding this type of data can be challenging. Here, we break down how worried you should be when a new COVID-19 variant emerges — and what steps you can take to keep yourself safe. Although a virus mutation sounds like a scary plot in a sci-fi movie, it’s actually a very natural process. Virus variants occur when there’s a mutation to the virus’s genes. Mutations in viruses like SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, are expected — all RNA viruses mutate over time, per Johns Hopkins Medicine. “Generally, people should expect this should happen,” says Sydney Ramirez, MD, PhD, an infectious disease doctor and researcher at the University of California San Diego and La Jolla Institute for Immunology. “All of the RNA viruses are pretty prone to having high error rates when making copies of themselves, so it’s not unexpected that we would see mutations in the virus over time.” Immunocompromised patients are at risk for prolonged infection with SARS-CoV-2. As such, researchers have found that highly mutated variants — which demonstrate fast, multistage evolutionary jumps — can arise during the course of persistent infection in these patients. Research shows that viral evolution in immunocompromised patients may be an important factor in the emergence of variants of concern, per The New England Journal of Medicine. “People who are going to clear the Omicron variant faster are people who have some preexisting immunity to it,” says Dr. Ramirez. “They’re going to be at the highest risk for not only getting infected in the first place, but not being able to clear the virus quickly. The longer you stay infected, the more chances there are for the virus to mutate.” It’s crucial to be informed and mindful of the potential for virus mutations, but always turn to reliable data to understand how new variants could impact your daily life. “I wouldn’t want people to be scared just because there’s a new variant, but I do think that people should be aware that if there is a new variant that’s causing a lot more cases, then that’s something to be concerned about,” says Dr. Ramirez. “The mutation rate that we’ve seen throughout the past three years plus has been much faster than what we would see with more established viruses like the seasonal flu.” There’s no need to panic — but it doesn’t hurt to take every measure you can to protect yourself, especially if you have a weakened immune system. If you read an article about a new variant, look for clues like how it affects hospitalization rate and how contagious it is (and if research shows it evades current treatments or vaccines). Also talk to your doctor about the overall hospitalization rate (currently, it is less than 10 daily admissions per 100,000 people, according to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services). You should also consider your own risk factors: A slightly more contagious virus could be far more serious for someone who is severely immunocompromised compared to someone who is only slightly immunocompromised. “One reassuring thing is that since Omicron has taken over as the dominant variant, we haven’t seen dramatic shifts or changes in a way that’s rendered further resistance to our currently available vaccines or other treatments,” says Zachary Wallace, MD, a rheumatologist at Massachusetts General Hospital. Dr. Wallace says he usually tells patients that it’s important to monitor new variants, and to know how new variants affect the therapies and preventive measures currently available to protect you. Start by talking to your doctor about your risk factors, your vaccination status (and if you’re eligible for any new boosters), and available treatments should you get sick. Here are five questions to ask your doctor for a COVID-19 treatment strategy before infection. “The recommendations are going to vary based on what specific medication and condition you may have, but in general, we’re in a much better place now than we were two or three years ago in terms of the treatments we have available,” says Dr. Wallace. “And while for many of our patients the vaccines may be less effective based on certain medications they may be on, they still provide some level of protection for most.” That said, there are certain settings in which you may still want to be cautious if you’re immunocompromised, like a very densely crowded space that’s not well ventilated. Or, for instance, you may want to wear a high-quality mask if you’re traveling on a plane, adds Dr. Wallace. “Talk to your provider and get specific recommendations based on your treatment, condition, and comorbidities,” says Dr. Wallace. “Hopefully, we’ll continue to see new treatments and preventive strategies emerge for immunosuppressed patients who remain at risk for these things.” Join the Global Healthy Living Foundation’s free COVID-19 Support Program for chronic illness patients and their families. We will be providing updated information, community support, and other resources tailored specifically to your health and safety. Join now. Corey L, et al. SARS-CoV-2 Variants in Patients with Immunosuppression. The New England Journal of Medicine. August 5, 2021. doi: https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMsb2104756. COVID-19 Reported Patient Impact and Hospital Capacity by State Timeseries (RAW). U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. May 16, 2023. https://beta.healthdata.gov/Hospital/COVID-19-Reported-Patient-Impact-and-Hospital-Capa/g62h-syeh. COVID Variants: What You Should Know. Johns Hopkins Medicine. April 8, 2022. https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/coronavirus/a-new-strain-of-coronavirus-what-you-should-know. Interview with Sydney Ramirez, MD, PhD, an infectious disease doctor and researcher at the University of California San Diego and La Jolla Institute for Immunology Interview with Zachary Wallace, MD, a rheumatologist at Massachusetts General Hospital. Summary of Variant Surveillance. COVID Data Tracker. U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Accessed May 16, 2023. https://covid.cdc.gov/covid-data-tracker/#variant-summary. XBB.1.16 Initial Risk Assessment. World Health Organization. April 17, 2023. https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/21042023xbb.1.16ra-v2.pdf?sfvrsn=84577350_1. CreakyJoints is a digital community for millions of arthritis patients and caregivers worldwide who seek education, support, advocacy, and patient-centered research. We present patients through our popular social media channels, our website CreakyJoints.org, and the 50-State Network, which includes nearly 1,500 trained volunteer patient, caregiver and healthcare activists. CreakyJoints is a digital community for millions of arthritis patients and caregivers worldwide who seek education, support, advocacy, and patient-centered research. We represent patients through our popular social media channels, our website CreakyJoints.org, and the 50-State Network, which includes nearly 1,500 trained volunteer patient, caregiver and healthcare activists.

Freeze-drying is a food dehydration method that can help preserve food for long-term storage. This process is gaining popularity as more people turn to it for its many benefits. However, it also has some drawbacks. Let’s explore the pros and cons of freeze-drying your own food so that you can determine if this is the right method for you. What Is Freeze-Drying? Freeze drying is an advanced form of dehydration that removes moisture from food by freezing it and reducing the surrounding pressure. This process causes sublimation, in which the frozen water molecules in the food turn directly into a vapor state without ever becoming liquidDuring freeze-drying, most foods are first cooked before they’re placed in a vacuum chamber. The low temperature combined with reduced atmospheric pressure causes ice crystals formed during freezing to evaporate, leaving behind dried pieces of food with their original structure intact. Removing the water from the food leads to a product that is lighter in weight, which makes for easy storage and transportation. Therefore, freeze-drying is an ideal method for long-term food supplies. The Pros of Freeze-Drying Freeze-drying offers many advantages over other forms of dehydration. The primary benefit is that the process helps preserve more of the food’s original flavor, texture, and nutritional value. These elements make freeze-dried food a great choice for long-term storage and emergency supplies, as it can remain edible for up to 25 years when stored properly. In addition to its long shelf life, freeze-dried food is highly nutritious. During the sublimation process, much of the water is removed from the food without sacrificing essential vitamins or minerals like iron and calcium. This process allows you to enjoy all the benefits fresh produce offers without worrying about it spoiling quickly due to high moisture content. Because there’s no need for preservatives or additives when producing freeze-dried food products, you can trust that your meal will be free from harmful chemicals while containing the nutrients you need to maintain your energy throughout the day. The Cons of Freeze-Drying The disadvantages of freeze drying are primarily related to the time and cost required for the process. Freeze-drying appliances are often expensive, making them inaccessible for some households. However, you can purchase food that is already freeze-dried if you don’t want to freeze-dry it yourself. Additionally, because of the low temperatures and reduced atmospheric pressure, this dehydration method requires significantly more time than other methods—sometimes up to 24 hours, depending on the food being processed. You must place the foods in a vacuum chamber before they can transform from liquid to solid, leading to prolonged wait times when preparing meals or snacks with freeze-dried ingredients. Now that you know the advantages and disadvantages of freeze-drying your food, you can decide whether to try this method at home. NuManna Foundation offers a high-quality selection of emergency freeze-dried meat, which is a great way to add to your long-term food supply and try cooking with freeze-dried foods for the first time.

Planet Earth is naturally biodiverse. It is this biodiversity – the trees, birds, bees, mammals, snakes… that sustains life as we know it. But, biodiverse landscapes are being lost at an alarming rate, in many cases for agricultural expansion. Protecting biodiversity seems at odds with our urgent need to feed growing populations around the world. If we do not get better at managing our resources, we will continue to lose biodiversity, and the fundamental services that healthy ecosystems provide. We will find it more and more difficult to grow our food. Fortunately, farms can be managed to maximize biodiversity conservation value. Trees on Farms for Biodiversity (ToNF) is our solution. TonF is funded by the International Climate Initiative (IKI) and implemented by World Agroforestry (ICRAF) in partnership with the Centre for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñza (CATIE), International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), UFZ and Leibnitz Universität Hannover. Increasing both the number of trees and species on farms helps conserve and restore biodiversity and improves agricultural productivity. We work with communities, governments and NGOs to promote this approach in Honduras, Indonesia, Peru, Rwanda and Uganda. “ TonF is a direct contribution to Aichi Target 7 of the United Nations Convention on Biodiversity (sustainably managed agricultural areas) by advancing the knowledge of the importance of trees on farms for biodiversity and human wellbeing.

Friday, March 29, 2013 Experiments conducted by scientists at the University of Padua in northern Italy have dated the Shroud of Turin to ancient times, a few centuries before and after the life of Christ. Many Catholics believe that the 14ft-long linen cloth, which bears the imprint of the face and body of a bearded man, was used to bury Christ's body when he was lifted down from the cross after being crucified 2,000 years ago. The analysis is published in a new book, "Il Mistero della Sindone" or The Mystery of the Shroud, by Giulio Fanti, a professor of mechanical and thermal measurement at Padua University, and Saverio Gaeta, a journalist. The tests will revive the debate about the true origins of one of Christianity's most prized but mysterious relics and are likely to be hotly contested by sceptics. Scientists, including Prof Fanti, used infra-red light and spectroscopy – the measurement of radiation intensity through wavelengths – to analyse fibres from the shroud, which is kept in a special climate-controlled case in Turin. The tests dated the age of the shroud to between 300 BC and 400AD. Scientists have never been able to explain how the image of a man's body, complete with nail wounds to his wrists and feet, pinpricks from thorns around his forehead and a spear wound to his chest, could have formed on the cloth. Mr Fanti said the imprint was caused by a blast of “exceptional radiation”, although he stopped short of describing it as a miracle. (from an article written by Nick Squires, Rome Correspondent for The Telegraph Mar 28, 2013) + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + "Surely he took up our pain and bore our suffering, yet we considered him punished by God, stricken by him, and afflicted. But he was pierced for our transgressions,he was crushed for our iniquities; the punishment that brought us peace was on him,and by his wounds we are healed. We all, like sheep, have gone astray,each of us has turned to our own way; and the Lord has laid on him the iniquity of us all." Isaiah 53: 4-6 Friday, March 22, 2013 The best thing about Spring time in Texas is Spring Football. We’ve heard of basketball, but it appears to be mostly unknown to us, at least to the boys. The fact that not one Texas based men’s team made the NCAA Tournament says a lot about men’s basketball in the Lone Star State these days. Great high school basketball players go where great college basketball is played. And today, when it comes to the men’s game, that’s not in Texas. So the great Texas high school basketball players (and there are quite a few) end up playing elsewhere. As with most things which make us unhappy down here we choose to blame the exodus of native Texas basketball talent on Obama. (Just one more reason to secede.) Men’s college basketball may be dead in Texas, but that doesn’t stop me from filling out a bracket. My final four consist of only one #1 seed: Louisville. Then I’ve got a #3, Marquette and two #2’s Georgetown and Ohio State. I’ve got Louisville beating Marquette for the National Championship. Marquette barely won their first round game vs Davidson, so that pick is looking pretty weak. But, I’m a Texan. What do I know about basketball? We Texans also like guns better than basketball. Specifically we like shooting guns and as of late that joy has been somewhat restrained due to the lack of ammunition. Bullets are hard to come by. (And no surprise; folks around here blame the shortage on Obama). I’m inclined to give the President a “pass” on this one. I know people who are in a panic; buying guns and ammo like crazy. I’m on the record supporting tighter guns controls and limits on magazine capacity. My friends and neighbors look at me suspiciously, but I just tell them that I am a good shot and don’t need all of that extra fire power. However, my patience has been tested as of late when I could not even find .22 magnum rounds. My weapons arsenal includes a .22 mag revolver and a .22 mag lever action rifle. Fun and inexpensive shooting with enough power to take down a ‘yote at short distance. I’m not sure what’s driving a shortage of .22 magnum ammo. It’s not exactly your big boy “take-down-the-bad-guy” load. (Which I have more than covered with a .357 magnum, two 12-gauge shotguns and a couple of deer rifles, .243 and .30-06.) But someone has been buying up the .22 mag ammo and creating a shortage. So I finally found some on-line and purchased the seller’s limit per buyer which was 100 rounds. Then a few days later I get an email advising me that they could sell me 500 rounds. Sold, I’ll take them. So, I’m feeling pretty good about my volume ammo purchase when I realize that I have become the problem. I might shoot 50 rounds in a month’s time if I’m really bored and in the mood to shoot. Sometimes I don’t fire one shot for weeks. I now have over 600 rounds of .22 magnums. Anybody need some? I’ll cut you a deal. Lastly, my Texas Tech Red Raiders start Spring Football Practice today and if you pay any attention at all to college football, you know that our new coach is “hotter than your coach”, or at least that’s what the pink t-shirts say. Kliff Kingsbury is 33 years old, single and not a bad looking guy. He is a Tech alum and was Mike Leach’s first uber-passer in Lubbock. He’s got swagger. (I for one think swagger is so 2012 and may not survive 2013…can’t wait to see what replaces that word. I wish we would go back to using “uber”. That’s it…uber-swagger. He’s got uber-swagger.). Our Coach K wears rolled up jeans, skinny ties, and Oakley sunglasses while sporting a two or three day old growth of facial hair that always looks perfect. He tweets and uses phrases like “street cred”. Last year, as an offensive coordinator, he coached Johnny Manziel, the Heisman Trophy winner over at the Texas pig farmers and sheep lovers agricultural and mechanical institute. We are glad that our Coach K did not lose his swagger by staying there too long and has returned to the cool school where kids drink and fornicate in the shadow of Buddy Holly’s statue. In a few months we’ll see if he really can coach football. And if wins 10 or more games, I may even wear one of those pink t-shirts. Next time, I promise to organize my thoughts and produce something more worthwhile and relevant to our journey in this life … or maybe even headhunting. Saturday, March 9, 2013 I no longer travel well. I used to be a good at it. Always had my travel stuff ready to go and knew how to navigate “the system”. But these days I don’t travel much. So I no longer need a lot of travel stuff. When I do travel, it’s a major process of packing and preparing with lists of “stuff” I need to take on the trip. It takes me twice as long to pack and I end up taking twice as much stuff as I would have when I traveled regularly. And the travel itself is tedious. I do not have a lot of points nor any priority status, so I don’t get to board with the “big boys” anymore. I even have to pay extra to get a less claustrophobic seating assignment. It takes longer to get through security. The planes are more crowded. Everything costs more money. Most of the people you deal with barely speak English or if they do it’s mumbling, fast-talk, no-eye contact kid speak. I just hand them my credit card and ID. Otherwise, I do not respond until they speak intelligibly. This week I attended the Truckload Carriers Association (TCA) Convention in Las Vegas and it was painful. Convention business travel is near the top of my worst list. Las Vegas convention travel is second worst only to any place in Florida. And if one is an exhibitor, it only adds to the pain. And the pain started before I even left DFW. Since I live in the boondocks, I have a 75 mile trip to the airport. But it is Saturday morning… no traffic, no problem. I’m pounding down coffee and stop to take a whiz before entering the no-man’s land of off-site parking/shuttle bus service. After relieving myself and purchasing a pack of gum (just hate to pee and run), I return to my Dodge Ram (yes I drive a pick-up with a big V-8 hemi engine…so sue me). I look down and see what I think is a large piece of gravel in the treads of my left rear tire. Being ever vigilant, I check it out and see that it’s actually the head of a large screw that is embedded into the tire. Shit. So I go ahead and park the car and begin the process of making arrangements to get the tire changed while I am gone. Of course, the locks on the wheel require special keys and the highest level national security clearance to unlock. All of which makes arranging for a simple tire change just slightly less complicated than putting a man on the moon. The old guy driving the shuttle van takes note of my dilemma and offers all sorts of useless advice such as avoiding construction areas in the future which would pretty much restrict all travel to my driveway. Ultimately I just give up and like any good husband decide to let my wife take care of the tire problem. Fortunately there are no long lines at the airport and I have a relatively hassle free flight to Las Vegas. From there things go downhill. The convention is at The Wynn. The Wynn is nice enough, the rooms affordable at the convention rate. But they kill you on food and beverage. It’s just crazy. My room is not ready, so I decide to check out the exhibit area. Turns out that the exhibit is so far removed from the meeting rooms and more importantly the casino, that the only people likely to show up are those who are lost or looking for free water. This is not going to be good. I get a text advising me that my room is ready. After tipping the bellman (I think this is the third tip and I’ve been here less than two hours), he shows me how to turn on the lights, cool the room and open the drapes via the high tech control panels conveniently located near my king-sized bed. The bellman/ room operations instructor reminds me that the water and goodies in the mini-bar/pantry are charged automatically if I pick them up for more than 60 seconds. Seriously? I then decide to lay down for a quick nap and the doorbell rings (yes, I have a doorbell on my Wynn room.) It’s housekeeping wanting to know if everything is ok. When I say it would be very much ok if they would just leave me alone and let me sleep, she ask if no one showed me how to use the “privacy please” button on the room control panel. I confessed that I was so enamored with the automated drape and light control buttons that I blew right past the privacy please option. After wandering around the casino and donating $20 to Steve Wynn via a slot machine, I try to find a reasonably priced placed to eat. Such an establishment does not exist on this property, so I end up paying $40 for a bowl of pasta and $7 for domestic beer. I can’t afford to stay awake; literally I cannot financially afford to stay awake at this place, so I go back to the room. I watch some TV (the free channels) and then it’s lights out, or so I thought. Turns out that the gadget control panels (there are two of them) have incredibly powerful backlighting. The room is only slightly less bright than the Strip outside my window. In addition to the bright lights I hear explosions as the Treasure Island pirate ship gets blown up one more time. Shit. So I get up and put a towel over one of the control panels. The other takes more ingenuity. Luckily, and for no good reason, I have an almost used up roll of athletic tape in my shaving kit. Guess I was prepared to tape up my ankles or something. At any rate, I put it to good use taping over the wall mounted control panel. Now it is reasonably dark in the room other than the drapes which don’t quite close all of the way. So I get up again, manage to pull and tug, tape up and stack furniture against the drapes until at last the room is dark. I cram and twist my earplugs in and finally go to sleep.? On Sunday, I get the booth set up quickly and then have nothing to do until late afternoon when the exhibit opens. I decide to kill time by walking up and down the strip watching people, which is far and away the most entertaining and least expensive way to spend time in Vegas. I also stroll through the “Shoppes” at the Wynn, Palazzo and Venetian. “Shoppes” must somehow translate to 1000% mark-up. Either that or it means a place where sugar daddies spend all of their money on women half their age. A Sunday spent watching this nonsense can do more for ones perspective than a hundred sermons. The next morning I go to the free breakfast sponsored by CAT Scale which was interesting given the way people were piling food on their plates. Everyone was bitching about the cost of food at the Wynn, so they were loading up. Guys were stuffing bagels and Danish in their bags, grabbing extra bottles of water and pop. After eating about six eggs and nine pieces of bacon, I was ready to face the day along with the significantly increased probability of having a stroke or heart-attack. The Exhibit was poorly attended. For the first time I can recall, there were no big trucks at the exhibit. How do you have a trucking convention and no trucks? Mostly, it was vendors talking to vendors while the trucking executives were off playing golf with truck manufacturers who have figured out that there are better ways to spend money than hauling a truck into an exhibit and having a bunch of guys stand around handing out pens and caps. Tuesday’s free breakfast was sponsored by Great Dane Trailers…way to go Great Dane. Once again it was a feeding frenzy. Other than those lucky enough to have been entertained by the big truck manufacturers, everyone else acted like this was the first food they had seen since Monday’s free breakfast. The final day of the exhibit included lunch which turned out to be sliders, biscuit wrapped sausages, lemonade and cookies. Glad that my annual check-up is still several months away. Even on this day with free food, the exhibit attendance was so spotty that vendors were taking down their booths an hour before closing time and trying to catch earlier flights. (Hello TCA…can you hear me?) I had an uneventful flight back to DFW (uneventful is always good). My wife had taken care of the tire issue, but in the process swapped out vehicles leaving her car in another space which totally confounded the shuttle driver. I finally convinced him to just let me off the frickin’ bus and I would get to my car. Getting out of the lot was an adventure as well. I explained to the attendant what had transpired with the tire and everything. But she was not buying it. I had to fill out three forms, show her my flight itinerary, registration and driver’s license. So don’t try to pull a fast one on Park ‘N Fly…they run a tight ship. Finally with my hands on the wheel, I drive off into the night. Half way home I am far enough away from the city lights to see the stars in the clear Texas night sky. It’s a cool 38 degrees, but still I lower the window an inch or two to get some fresh air. I’m listening to George Strait sing about the things I would sing about if I could sing like George Strait. As I settle in for the rest of the ride home, I realize that in my frustration and haste to get off of the Park N' Fly bus, I left one of my bags behind. Shit. It really is true. I am no longer a good traveler. As for the bag I left behind…I think I’ll let my wife take care of it tomorrow. “Home is a place you grow up wanting to leave, and grow old wanting to get back to.” John Ed Pearce

Electric Bikes: Understanding Their Range and Benefits Electric bikes have become increasingly popular, offering an eco-friendly alternative to traditional gasoline-powered vehicles. Choosing an e-bike that suits your needs involves understanding the range, which is a crucial factor whether you are a novice or an experienced rider. In this article, we’ll explain what range is, how it works, and give you tips on how to maximize your electric bike’s range. Understanding the Range: Range refers to the maximum distance an electric bike can travel on a single charge. It is measured in miles per hour or watt-hours. The higher the Wh rating of the battery, the more energy stored, resulting in more range for your electric bike. Depending on the terrain and riding habits, one charge can provide up to 100 miles of total distance traveled. To make the most out of your electric bike’s range, consider the following do’s and don’ts: - Do Utilize Regenerative Braking: Whenever possible, slow down while traveling downhill to store more energy for later use and extend your e-bike’s overall range. - Do Plan Ahead with Charging: Keep information about charging stations along your route handy, so you don’t have any sudden surprises during long trips. - Don’t Overcharge: Leaving your battery plugged in after completing a full cycle can drain its capacity over time, reducing its overall efficiency and potentially diminishing your maximum range. Benefits of Electric Bikes: Electric bikes offer several benefits over traditional bikes. For instance, they make it easier to cycle uphill and provide a smoother ride. Additionally, e-bikes produce zero emissions, making them an eco-friendly option for transportation. Moreover, e-bikes require less physical exertion, making them suitable for people who may have physical limitations or those who wish to reduce the amount of effort required for commuting. How Electric Bikes Work: Electric bikes work by utilizing a rechargeable battery, which powers a motor that assists the rider in pedaling. Depending on the model, e-bikes can operate in two ways, either through pedal-assist or throttle control. The pedal-assist function is more common and involves the motor providing assistance to the rider’s pedaling effort. The throttle control, on the other hand, operates like a motorcycle, where the motor provides all the power, and the rider does not have to pedal. In conclusion, electric bikes offer numerous benefits and are becoming increasingly popular among commuters and cycling enthusiasts. Understanding the range and how to maximize it can enhance the overall e-bike experience. With regenerative braking and proper charging techniques, riders can enjoy a longer range and a more sustainable form of transportation.

With measuring sensors, the choice of the measuring ranges and the type of measurement results play a key role. Measuring sensors have analog output logic. Depending on the distance of the damping element, the sensor analog output issues a sliding current or voltage value. Typical analog outputs are current outputs with a value range of 4 mA … 20 mA or voltage outputs with a value range of 0 V … 10 V. Inductive analog sensors inherently have a nonlinear characteristic curve. A linear output signal is often required for an application. Linearization can be carried out by a programmable logic controller (PLC) using integrated polynomials. Such signal conversion is particularly useful in the following cases: The use of microcontrollers in sensor technology means that sensors are now able to internally perform the linearization of the output characteristic curve. For analog sensors, resolution plays an important role in signal output. This is the smallest change in the distance from sensor to object that can be detected and represented by the sensor into a measurable change in signal. Different types of resolutions are possible. Dynamic resolution is required where fast measurements or high sampling rates are required. This metrology produces high levels of measurement noise, which compromises signal processing. Measurement noise cannot be filtered or can only be filtered to a limited extent without affecting the information signal. Static resolution can be used for slow object movements or low sampling rates. With this metrology, it is possible to filter high levels of measurement noise. The carrier signal is not affected in the process. This allows the resolution to be significantly increased compared to dynamic measurement. The filter parameters can be changed as required in inductive analog sensors from Pepperl+Fuchs. If users wish to implement a more static application, they can activate a filter with the corresponding parameters for the analog input of their programmable logic controller (PLC). According to EN 60947-5-2, the repeat accuracy is the deviation value of the effective operating distance (sr) under set conditions. The value defines the switch point accuracy of successive measurements over a period of eight hours at an ambient temperature of +23 °C ±5 °C and at a constant operating voltage. According to EN 60947-5-2, the response time is the time required for the proximity sensor to react after the damping element has entered or leaves the sensing range. Applied to analog sensors, the response time is the time that passes between a sudden change in distance and the representation of the new distance value at the analog output from 10% of the differential value to 90% of the differential value. Linearity defines the deviation of the output signal from a straight line. It is expressed as a percentage of the measuring range end ("full scale") value. For applications in which the designated linearity is not sufficient, there is an alternative to use polynomials for the mathematical linearization of the sensor characteristic curve in the programmable logic controller (PLC). Take a look at the range of Pepperl+Fuchs inductive sensors.

عنوان مقاله [English] نویسنده [English]چکیده [English] In spite of the decentralized nature of the international system, the global society benefits from norms and rules which are indicating the appropriate behavior based on its social system. These norms not only have a direct effect on international behaviors of the States, but also have contribution in comprehension and identity of the States and decision makers and hence shape their behaviors. These international rules and norms are social and inter-subjective concepts which are created by interaction between the international actors and when their social background fades away, they gradually vanish too. This paper aims to provide more useful and accurate understanding about international rules and norms in the international relations and also intends to answer the question that how our view through the prism of international norms and rules influences our perception and comprehension of international relations? This issue is explained through illustration of the nature of international rules and norms, the ways and means of their shape and development and the reasons for complying with or breach of these norms and rules by the States.

Leadership and management are two terms often used interchangeably, yet they represent distinct and complementary aspects of organizational success. Understanding the differences between these two roles is crucial for individuals in any field, as it helps to clarify their responsibilities and contributions. In this blog, we will explore the nuances of leadership and management, highlighting their unique roles, responsibilities, skills, and how they intersect in the pursuit of excellence. Defining Leadership and Management To begin, let’s define leadership and management: – Leadership is primarily focused on people. It involves inspiring and guiding individuals or teams towards a shared vision or goal. Leaders motivate, encourage innovation, and promote change. – Management, on the other hand, is centered around processes and tasks. It encompasses organizing resources, planning, and ensuring that day-to-day operations run smoothly. While leadership and management share some similarities, such as the desire to achieve success for the organization, they have distinct roles and approaches.

Have you ever heard of a Monkey Orchid? It’s a rare and exotic flower that is surprisingly easy to grow in your own home. But before you do, you’ll want to know all about this unique and fascinating species. In this comprehensive guide, we’ll explore the origins and prevalence of Monkey Orchids, their appearance, pollinators, and tips for growing your own. If you’ve ever been curious about Monkey Orchids, read on to learn more! Table of Contents Monkey orchids are native to tropical regions of Central and South America. They are found in humid, shady, lowland forests and grow on the trunks and branches of trees. They are also found in parts of Mexico, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru. They prefer warm temperatures, high humidity, and filtered light. What is a Monkey Orchid? Monkey orchids, also known as Dracula simia in scientific terms, are a beautiful and exotic species of orchids native to Central and South America. These stunning flowers feature long, slender petals that can be either white or yellow in color, and a unique face-like pattern made up of two dark colored sepals that look like eyes and a long, narrow lip resembling a mouth. Their striking appearance has made them popular among orchid enthusiasts around the world, and they are often sought out for their beauty and uniqueness. Found in tropical rainforests from Mexico to Brazil, monkey orchids grow in abundance and provide an important source of nectar for pollinators. They are typically found on the trunks of trees in shady, humid areas. To properly care for a monkey orchid, it is important to provide them with bright, indirect light, high humidity and regular watering. The flowers typically bloom in the spring and summer months, with the blooms lasting for several weeks. Monkey orchids possess a unique set of characteristics and features that make them stand out from other orchid species. They are well-known for their resemblance to a monkey’s face, and they are often found in unique colors such as yellow, white, pink and red. The flowers are also known to have a sweet, citrus-like scent, which can be quite pleasant. Additionally, the petals of a monkey orchid are incredibly soft and velvety to the touch. Where Are Monkey Orchids Found? The monkey orchid is an exotic species of orchid found in Central and South America. These unique and beautiful flowers are found in tropical rainforests, stretching from Mexico to Brazil. With their long, slender petals and striking face-like features, monkey orchids are truly captivating. The scientific name of the monkey orchid is Dracula simia, which describes the dark sepals that look like eyes and the long, narrow lip that looks like a mouth. These features give the flower its face-like appearance, which has earned it the nickname monkey orchid. Monkey orchids are an important source of nectar for pollinators, and they are highly sought after by orchid enthusiasts. These plants grow in abundance in tropical rainforest climates, but can also be found in more temperate regions. They are typically found in humid, shady areas, such as on the sides of trees or on the ground. In some regions of South America, monkey orchids are a protected species, and their collection and transport is strictly regulated. This is due to the fact that these plants are highly vulnerable to over-collection and climate change. These plants are most commonly found in Mexico, Brazil, Peru, Ecuador, Colombia, and Venezuela. In recent years, they have been spotted in other regions as well, such as Belize, Costa Rica, Guatemala, and Honduras. As a result, the range of the monkey orchid is steadily increasing. Monkey orchids are an incredible species of orchids that are both fascinating and beautiful. With their face-like features and long, slender petals, they are a must-see for any orchid enthusiast. So if youre looking for a unique and exotic plant to add to your collection, make sure to check out the monkey orchid! The Appearance of Monkey Orchids Monkey orchids are a species of exotic orchid native to Central and South America, with a stunningly beautiful and unique appearance. The flower’s scientific name is Dracula simia, and it gets its name from its striking resemblance to a monkey’s face. The monkey orchid’s petals are long and slender and can be white or yellow in color. Its face is made up of two dark-colored sepals that look like eyes and a long, narrow lip that looks like a mouth. This unique combination of features gives the flower a playful, almost cartoon-like look that is sure to delight anyone who comes across it. Not only are monkey orchids aesthetically pleasing, but they are also an important source of nectar for pollinators. This makes them highly sought after by both orchid enthusiasts and pollinators alike. The flowers typically grow in abundance in tropical rain forests from Mexico to Brazil, where they are often found in clusters on the bark of trees or on the ground. Monkey orchids are also relatively easy to cultivate for those who are interested in growing them. The plants typically need a warm, humid environment with ample light and water. They may also require some supplemental fertilization throughout the growing season to ensure that they remain healthy and vibrant. With proper care, monkey orchids can be grown indoors and outdoors, making them perfect for those who want to add a unique and exotic touch to their garden. Pollinators of Monkey Orchids The monkey orchid is an exotic species of orchid that has become increasingly popular among orchid enthusiasts. Native to Central and South America, this stunning flower can be found in tropical rainforests from Mexico to Brazil. Its scientific name is Dracula simia, and it is known for its unique appearance which resembles a monkey’s face. Its petals are long and slender, often white or yellow in color, and its face is made up of two dark-colored sepals that look like eyes and a long, narrow lip that resembles a mouth. Not only is the monkey orchid a beautiful and unique flower, but it is also an important source of nectar for pollinators. The pollinators which are attracted to the monkey orchids nectar vary depending on the region in which it is found. In Central and South America, the most common pollinators of the monkey orchid are hummingbirds, bees, and butterflies. Hummingbirds are especially attracted to the nectar of the monkey orchid, as they are able to reach deep into the flowers long and slender petals to get to the sweet nectar. Bees are also drawn to the nectar, and they are able to carry pollen from flower to flower, helping to ensure the monkey orchids continued growth and proliferation. Butterflies too are attracted to the nectar and are often seen flitting from flower to flower, helping to spread pollen and ensuring the monkey orchids continued success. In addition to the pollinators mentioned above, the monkey orchid also attracts a variety of other insects, such as moths, ants, and beetles, who are also drawn to the nectar. These insects help to ensure the pollination of the flower, as well as provide it with some protection from predators, such as birds and other small mammals. The pollinators of the monkey orchid are an important part of its continued success in the wild, and they help to ensure that the flower continues to thrive in its native habitat. Without the help of these pollinators, the monkey orchid would not be able to reproduce and its numbers would eventually dwindle. For this reason, it is important to protect the habitats of the monkey orchid and to ensure that its pollinators are able to continue to feed on its nectar. Popularity of Monkey Orchids Monkey orchids are among the most sought-after exotic flowers in the world, and their popularity has only grown in recent years. With their unique and beautiful features, they are a perfect addition to any home or garden. Orchid enthusiasts flock to Central and South American countries to find these rare and precious blooms, as they are not commonly found in other countries. The monkey orchid is also a popular choice for orchid enthusiasts, as it is a great conversation starter and can be a great topic of discussion. The monkey orchid is also a popular choice for collectors, as they can be expensive and difficult to find. It is not uncommon for collectors to spend hundreds, if not thousands, of dollars in order to acquire one of these stunning and unique flowers. The rarity and beauty of the monkey orchid make it a highly sought-after flower, and its popularity is sure to continue to grow in the future. In addition to its beauty and rarity, the monkey orchid is also an important source of nectar for pollinators. This makes it an important part of the ecosystem, as it helps to ensure that other plants and animals can thrive. As such, it is important to ensure that monkey orchids are protected and preserved, so that they can continue to provide a valuable service to the environment. Growing a Monkey Orchid at Home Growing a Monkey Orchid at home can be a rewarding and enjoyable experience, but its important to understand the specific needs of the species before taking on the task. Monkey orchids require a warm, humid environment, so they must be grown in a greenhouse or terrarium. They do best when planted in a medium made of sphagnum moss, which should be kept evenly moist but not soggy. The plant will require bright, indirect light or filtered sunlight and should be fertilized every two weeks with a balanced orchid fertilizer. When it comes to watering, the key is to keep the medium evenly moist. Monkey orchids should be watered every few days, or when the top of the soil feels dry. The plant should never be allowed to sit in water, so make sure that the pot has adequate drainage. Its also important to make sure that the leaves and petals of the plant are kept clean and dry, as excess moisture can lead to rot and disease. When it comes to repotting, its best to wait until the plant has outgrown its pot or is showing signs of stress. The best time to repot is in the spring when the plant is moving into its active growth period. When repotting, its important to use a pot that is two inches larger than the previous one and to use a fresh, sterile potting mix. Monkey orchids are relatively easy to care for and can bring a lot of beauty and life to your home. With the right care, a monkey orchid can thrive and bloom for years to come. Interesting Facts about Monkey Orchids Monkey orchids, or Dracula simia, are exotic flowering plants native to Central and South America. These unique blooms are found in tropical rainforests from Mexico to Brazil, where they grow in abundance. The most distinctive feature of monkey orchids is their shape, which resembles a monkey’s face, complete with two dark-colored sepals that look like eyes and a long, narrow lip that looks like a mouth. But despite their cute appearance, monkey orchids are actually an important source of nectar for pollinators in their native habitat. In addition to their unique shape, monkey orchids are also known for their striking coloration. The long, slender petals of the flower are usually white or yellow in color, and the sepals can range from dark brown to black. This combination of colors makes the monkey orchid an attractive addition to any garden or flower arrangement. Aside from their beauty, monkey orchids are also highly sought after by orchid enthusiasts due to their rarity. While they are fairly common in tropical rainforests, they are not widely cultivated, making them a prized possession. As such, monkey orchids are often sold in specialty nurseries for a premium price. Lastly, monkey orchids are also known for their medicinal properties. In traditional medicine, extracts of the flower are often used to treat a variety of ailments, including fever, skin inflammation, and digestive issues. While more research needs to be done on the efficacy of this treatment, it is believed that the compounds found in the flower have anti-inflammatory and antiseptic properties. All in all, monkey orchids are a fascinating species of flower with a unique shape, striking coloration, and potential medicinal benefits. With their rarity and beauty, it’s no wonder that they are highly sought after by flower enthusiasts and gardeners alike. Monkey orchids are an exotic species of orchid native to Central and South America with a unique appearance that resembles a monkey’s face. These stunning flowers are an important source of nectar for pollinators and are highly sought after by orchid enthusiasts. By understanding the basics of where monkey orchids are found in the wild, the appearance of these flowers, and how to grow them at home, you’ll be able to appreciate this majestic species of orchid. With a little bit of research and dedication, you can make your home a paradise of monkey orchids!

Learn About this Historic Native Americans developed the most direct routes between their main points of interest for shelter and food gathering. The routes were well-traveled by the time the early pioneers came with their oxcarts and wagons. The trails were hardened by animal hoofs, wagon wheels and increased use. However, all-weather roads were needed to market farm produce, deliver mail and handle the increase in traffic caused by the new invention, the automobile. The old trails were paved and led to today's highway system. "King of Trails" In 1917, a North-South Trail Association was formed as the forerunner of the "King of Trails Highway Association." After two years of debate, the "King of Trails" (KT) route was established. By 1920, the KT was marked and became one of the best marked roads in America, with its easy to read yellow sign and big black letters. By 1925, the speed limit was raised to 30 miles per hour. License plates from all over America and Canada could be seen as tourists began to explore in their cars. The United States government renumbered the old state number 6 to what is now "US Highway Since then some things have changed: the speed limit and improved road system, but many things have stayed the same. There's still the scenic beauty of the Northern tall grass prairie and farm land along the trail, quaint towns, fun festivals, unique attractions and friendly people along the way. Imagine traveling one road through the center of America going through six states and almost 70 miles into Canada. An active group of Minnesota partners of the KT have worked to have it designated by the State of Minnesota as "The Historic King of Trails." The official designation was granted by the Minnesota Legislature in 2001. On October 5, 2002 all the communities celebrated the installation of the signs with a yellow balloon release. The coalition is cooperatively marketing the KT as an attraction to be appreciated by generations of travelers. Get off the interstate and travel the KT. Visit the communities along the way to appreciate the history and natural beauty of the prairie. A map of KT communities, annual festivals and points of interest are included as well as Travel Information Centers to guide you on your way along the "Historic King of About Us Maps/Info PO Box 8 | Pipestone, MN 56164 | 507-825-3316 International Historic Highway 75 "King of Trails" Coalition, Inc. © Site supported by a grant from: International Historic Highway 75 "King of Trails" PO Box 8 | Pipestone, MN 56164 | 507-825-3316 | www.highway75.com

Menstrual health and hygiene are a major public health and social issues in Nepal. Due to inadequate infrastructure to provide education, healthcare, and communication as well as religious teachings, women and girls are excluded from participation in many activities of daily living and community activities during menstruation. Evidence based research addressing menstrual health and hygiene in Nepal is scares. The objective of this paper is to review the current state of knowledge on menstrual health and hygiene in Nepal through a socio-ecological perspective. This systematic review identifies knowledge gaps and targets for future research and interventions. Studies from Nepal that examined factors contributing to menstrual health and hygiene were identified through searches across six databases (Medline, CINAHL, Web of Science, PsychInfo, Nepal Journals Online and Kathmandu University Medical Journal) in January 2019. The SEM is a public health framework that describes how health is impacted at multiple levels including the individual, interpersonal, community, organizational and policy levels. Key themes were identified, and factors contributing to menstrual health and hygiene were categorized as per the level of socio-ecological model (SEM). After a comprehensive literature review, twenty peer-reviewed publications, published between 2003 and January 2019 were included in this review. Eighteen studies were descriptive and two were interventional. The main outcomes reported were reproductive health concerns and menstrual hygiene practices. Nine studies focused on knowledge, attitude, and practices regarding menstruation, seven studies highlighted reproductive health issues, three studies focused on prevalence of culturally restrictive practices, and one on school absenteeism and intimate partner violence. Lack of awareness regarding menstrual health and hygiene, inadequate WASH facilities, no sex education and culturally restrictive practices makes menstruation a challenge for Nepali women. These challenges have negative implications on women and girls’ reproductive as well as mental health and school attendance among adolescent girls. There are gaps in the evidence for high quality interventions to improve menstrual health and hygiene in Nepal. Future research and interventions should address needs identified at all levels of the SEM.

What is Node.js? Why Do You Need Node.js? With Node.js, a developer gets to scale up their application using both the horizontal and the vertical directions of the development cycle. One can scale up the application horizontally by adding additional nodes to the ones already present in the application. High-Performance for Real-time Applications If you want a super quick response from your web application then you need to use Node.js for your app development. Node.js is loved by developers due to its multitasking ability. Unlike other platforms, it works with the single-threaded, event-driven architecture, which processes multiple concurrent requests without even slowing down the device or taking the whole bandwidth of the system’s RAM. Caching Made Easier Caching has always come up to be the most desired benefit of Node.js usage. This runtime environment is best when it comes to caching data. It works by caching up requests that are made to the app in the app’s memory. Moreover, the nodes are not bogged down by the app’s historical data. Thus, both the execution and the re-execution of commands take place efficiently. Why Upgrade Node.js to the Latest Version? Let us give you a simple example, suppose you are developing an application, and you are working with the latest version of React, which right now is 17.02 (stable release). So if you are using the 9.0 version of Node.js, you will face some technical issues while installing the React.js project because you are currently working on the outdated libraries of Node.js version 9. On the other hand, there are some new libraries present in the React 17.02 version, which requires users to have the latest Node.js version. This is just an example. Several things could go wrong when you are working with the previous version of Node.js along with some other program, module, or library. Node.js is being improved with its latest iteration, and some of the main benefits are mentioned below to showcase how the latest version is different from the previous one. Latest Features in Node.js Version The one question that strikes one’s mind before updating any application is what additional features are there in the latest version, and how they are going to add value to the project. The same happens when an update of Node.js is announced. Given below are the three main changes that took place with the latest upgrade in the Node.js version. The latest version of Node.js uses the inclusion of NPM7 as its release headliner. With this, you get to implement the features of the NPM workspace with Node.js. This will help developers in managing multiple NPM packages in a single file system. Moreover, the developers who were working on the Yarn package manager or Lerna will see the similarities in the NPM7 workspace’s implementation. Moreover, the dependencies were ignored in the previous version of the NPM, which was NPM6, but in NPM7, all the necessary dependencies are present by default. Now you can run the NPM packages without having to install them beforehand by using the simple npm.exe command. In addition to this, now NPM also supports Yarn.lock files. A developer can use this file to determine the path for fetching out the packages. Now, NPM will provide developers with notification about whether a package has been removed from or added to the system. These are just a few of the benefits which NPM7 has brought with its implementation in the latest version of Node.js. 2. V8 8.6 3. No Warning for Experimental Modules A lot of times, when you are trying to run an ECMAScript Module (ESM) in Node.js, you will come across an error of “Experimental Warning”. The latest version of Node.js has finally removed this annoying warning without affecting the experimentation functionality of Node.js. ESM is one of the standard module systems, and it provides users with the ability to manage their variables, organizing the functions present in the code. Also, it is used for grouping up the functions together, which makes it easier for a user to comprehend the code. ESM is said to be a great module that comes with a simple syntax, async nature, and has a tree-shockability feature that helps in the removal of dead code without affecting the rest of the working code. Updating Using a Node Version Manager on Windows Using Node Version Manager (NVM) has made life easier for a lot of developers. For Windows OS, the method for upgrading the Node.js version with the use of NVM is quite easy. All you have to do is follow the steps given below to get the version that you want. - First, you have to download the NVM for Windows from this (link). Once the files are downloaded, you need to unzip them and click on the installer. There will be some prompts that will address where and how you want to install NVM; you can choose the options you like, and after that, click on the ‘Install’ button. - Now that you have downloaded and installed the NVM, open the command prompt and write down the command given below to download the latest version of Node.js. You are not required to provide your processor’s architecture; it will detect it automatically. C:\>nvm install latest - To download a specific version of Node.js, you can use the following command: C:\>nvm install 6.10.1 - Once the download is complete, it’s time to start using the latest version of Node.js via NVM by using the command: C:\>nvm use 7.7.4 Updating Using a Node Installer on Linux Linux being open-source, provides numerous ways to upgrade Node.js. In this particular article, we are going to show you the easiest way to upgrade the Node.js using Node installer on Linux. - First, you need to update the package repository by writing down the following command in the command prompt: sudo apt update - Also, you need to download a few of the dependencies to make this method work properly; write the below-given command: sudo apt install build-essential checkinstall libssl-dev - Now, you need to install the NVM with the following command: curl -o- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/creationix/nvm/v0.35.1/install.sh | bash - After this, you need to restart your terminal and check the NVM version installed in your system using the command: - If you require a specific version of NVM, you can check the versions available using the command: - The last step is to install the NVM version using the version command, and Linux will complete the installation of the particular NVM version. nvm install [version.number] - Now, we will move to the Node.js installation using NVM, but before we move any further, you need to flush out the NVM cache. To do so, type in the following command: npm cache clean -f - After that, install the Node.js version which you like by using the given below command: npm install -g n - At this point, you will get three different means to select the Node.js version, the first one will be the latest stable version or the latest release. You can also manually enter any specific version. To download the version type, use these alphabets at the end of the above-given command. - For the latest version of Node.js: npm install -g n stable - For installing the latest release in your os: npm install -g n latest - Lastly, to install the specific version of Node.js, type in: npm install -g N [version.number] Updating Node.js Using NVM & Homebrew on macOS Updating Node.js on macOS becomes easy with the use of Homebrew. Therefore, to simplify the process of updating Node.js on your macOS-powered system, download and install the latest version of Homebrew on your Mac system from (here). Once you have installed Homebrew, check its version by using the following command on your terminal: brew -v. Also, you can update the already installed Homebrew version using brew update/ brew upgrade. You can also upgrade the Node.js installed on your macOS system by using Node Version Manager (NVM). To find the latest version of Node.js using it, enter the command: nvm -v. To download, compile and install the latest version of Node.js using NVM, follow this command: nvm install node To download and run the latest version of Node.js using Homebrew, write down this command in your terminal: brew install node In case you are looking to download a specific version of Node.js, you need to have NVM installed, and after that, you can use the following command: nvm install 6.13.2 # or 10.9.1, 7.8.2 So these were the different ways of downloading and upgrading the latest version of Node.js. Each one of these methods can be used to upgrade the Node.js version depending on the operating system you have installed in your machine. Furthermore, Node.js is an open-source platform. Thus, it comes with a strong community of active users who are constantly working on upgrading the program and the tools which are required for it to work. You get to choose if you want to work with the latest version or go with the Long-Term Support version (LTS) to create a new application using Node.js.

Strength and conditioning training based on muscle movements rather than muscle groups Many gym-goers base their strength and conditioning training on muscle groups (legs day, chest day, back day, arms day etc) but this is a flawed plan as muscles need to work together to produce movement. So really we should train movements not muscles, writes Simon Nainby. There are six basic movement patterns that we all use in our daily lives and when playing rugby. They are: Squat, Bend, Push, Pull, Twist and Single Leg We group these movements together to perform skills on the pitch such as scrummaging (squat, bend and push), rucking (squat, bend, push, pull) and mauling (squat, single leg, push, pull). Practising good form in these patterns in the gym will allow the moves to become second nature so that when under pressure in a game, you will find it second nature to hit a ruck with a flat back or land from a lineout without turning your knees and ankles in. Knowing these movement patterns and the exercises that train them will help you plan your training sessions to ensure you are efficient in what you do on the pitch. Here are some rugby strength and conditioning sample exercise videos: Strength and conditioning: Squat This is a key movement pattern for virtually all sports. It builds strength primarily in the legs and hips (but also core strength) but importantly it develops balance, co-ordination and even flexibility. Done properly squats will help prevent injury as they strengthen the hips, knees and ankles to stay in the correct alignment. Strength and conditioning: Push The upper body movement of pushing an object away from the body or the body away from an object such as a hand off. There are 2 forms of push – horizontal (arms in front of the chest) and vertical (arms above the head) and they can be done with one hand or two. Arnold Shoulder Press Strength and conditioning: Pull An upper body movement pulling the body towards something or pulling something towards the body. Again this can be horizontal or vertical and one hand or two. Strength and conditioning: Bend Bending at the waist is something we constantly do in rugby as we pick up a ball, tackle, hit a ruck or scrummage or before we jump. It is also a major source of injury and back pain so learning to keep a natural curve in the lower back as we bend and shoulders squeezed back is very important. Strength and conditioning: Single Leg Anything done on one leg which for the most part is running but also includes the following exercises: Bulgarian Split squat Strength and conditioning: Twist Rugby involves not only twisting through the torso such as when passing but also resisting twisting movements such as props resisting each other in a scrummage. Twists: Medicine Ball Twist Push Up and Rotate Strength and conditioning: Combos Once you have good technique in each pattern you can start putting them together in combination exercises that work more than one pattern just as happens on the pitch. Deadlift – Pull & Bend Powerclean – Pull, Bend, Squat Glute Band – Squat & Push Press/Push Press/Jerk – Push, Squat Burpee – Push, Bend, Squat Recommended videos for you Can’t get to the shops? You can download the digital edition of Rugby World straight to your tablet or subscribe to the print edition to get the magazine delivered to your door. Follow Rugby World on Facebook, Instagram and Twitter.

The Importance of Cat Dermatology for Pet Health s are beloved pets, and their health should be a top priority for any pet owner. Cat dermatology is an important part of pet health care, as it can help diagnose and treat a variety of skin conditions. From allergies to infections, cat dermatology can help identify and treat a range of skin issues. It is important to understand the importance of cat dermatology and how it can help keep your pet healthy and happy. The Role of Cat Dermatology in Pet Health The first step in cat dermatology is to diagnose the skin condition. This can involve a physical examination, laboratory tests, and skin biopsies. During the physical examination, the veterinarian will look for signs of inflammation, infection, or other abnormalities. Laboratory tests can help to identify the cause of the skin problem, such as a bacterial or fungal infection. Skin biopsies can provide more detailed information about the condition, such as the type of cells present and the extent of the damage. Once the cause of the skin problem has been identified, the veterinarian can begin treatment. Treatment may involve topical medications, such as shampoos and ointments, or oral medications, such as antibiotics or anti-inflammatory drugs. In some cases, surgery may be necessary to remove tumors or other growths. Cat dermatology can also help to identify underlying health issues that may be causing the skin problem. For example, allergies or parasites can cause skin irritation and inflammation. In addition, certain skin conditions can be indicative of an underlying disease, such as diabetes or kidney disease. By identifying and treating the underlying condition, the skin problem can often be resolved. Cat dermatology is an important part of pet health care. It can help to diagnose and treat a wide range of skin conditions, as well as identify underlying health issues. With proper diagnosis and treatment, many skin problems can be resolved and your cat can enjoy a healthy and happy life. Common Skin Conditions in Cats and Their Treatment One of the most common skin conditions in cats is flea allergy dermatitis. This condition is caused by an allergic reaction to flea saliva and can cause intense itching and discomfort. Symptoms include excessive scratching, hair loss, and scabs or sores on the skin. Treatment for flea allergy dermatitis includes flea control products, such as flea collars, topical treatments, and oral medications. Another common skin condition in cats is ringworm. This is a fungal infection that is highly contagious and can be spread from cat to cat. Symptoms include hair loss, scaly patches, and red, raised lesions on the skin. Treatment for ringworm includes antifungal medications and topical treatments. Feline acne is another common skin condition in cats. This condition is caused by blocked hair follicles and can cause blackheads, pimples, and scabs on the chin and around the mouth. Treatment for feline acne includes medicated shampoos, topical treatments, and antibiotics. Allergies are also a common skin condition in cats. Allergies can be caused by food, environmental factors, or fleas and can cause intense itching, redness, and hair loss. Treatment for allergies includes identifying and avoiding the allergen, as well as antihistamines and other medications. Finally, mites are a common skin condition in cats. Mites are tiny parasites that can cause intense itching, redness, and hair loss. Treatment for mites includes topical treatments and medications. If you suspect that your cat has a skin condition, it is important to seek veterinary care. Your veterinarian can diagnose the condition and provide appropriate treatment. With prompt and proper treatment, most skin conditions in cats can be managed successfully. The Benefits of Regular Cat Dermatology Exams Skin issues can be caused by a variety of factors, including parasites, allergies, infections, and environmental irritants. Regular dermatology exams allow your veterinarian to detect any issues early, before they become more serious. This can help to prevent the development of more serious health problems, such as infections, which can be difficult to treat. During a dermatology exam, your veterinarian will examine your cat’s skin, fur, and nails. They will look for any signs of irritation, inflammation, or infection. They may also take skin scrapings or perform other tests to determine the cause of any skin issues. In addition to detecting skin issues, regular dermatology exams can also help to identify any underlying medical conditions that may be causing skin problems. For example, cats with diabetes may be more prone to skin infections, and cats with kidney disease may be more prone to skin allergies. Finally, regular dermatology exams can help to identify any potential parasites that may be present. Parasites, such as fleas and ticks, can cause skin irritation and can be difficult to detect without a thorough examination. Overall, regular cat dermatology exams are essential for keeping your cat healthy and happy. They provide an opportunity for your veterinarian to detect any skin issues early, as well as to identify any underlying medical conditions or parasites that may be present. By scheduling regular dermatology exams for your cat, you can help to ensure that they remain healthy and happy for years to come. Diagnosing and Treating Cat Allergies The first step in diagnosing and treating cat allergies is to identify the allergen. This can be done through a skin prick test, which involves pricking the skin with a small amount of the allergen and observing the reaction. A positive reaction indicates an allergy to the allergen. Blood tests can also be used to detect the presence of IgE antibodies, which are produced in response to an allergen. Once the allergen has been identified, the next step is to determine the best course of treatment. For mild to moderate allergies, over-the-counter antihistamines can be used to reduce symptoms. For more severe allergies, prescription medications such as corticosteroids may be necessary. In some cases, allergy shots may be recommended to reduce the sensitivity to the allergen. In addition to medication, there are other steps that can be taken to reduce the symptoms of cat allergies. Avoiding contact with cats is the most effective way to reduce symptoms. If contact with cats is unavoidable, wearing a face mask and washing hands and clothing after contact can help reduce exposure to allergens. Vacuuming and dusting regularly can also help reduce the amount of allergens in the home. Finally, it is important to remember that cat allergies can be managed with the right treatment plan. By working with a doctor to identify the allergen and develop a treatment plan, it is possible to reduce symptoms and improve quality of life. The Importance of Early Detection and Treatment of Cat Skin Problems The most common skin problems in cats include flea infestations, mites, ringworm, and allergies. Fleas are tiny, wingless insects that feed on the blood of cats and other animals. They can cause intense itching and irritation, as well as hair loss and secondary skin infections. Mites are tiny parasites that can cause intense itching and irritation, as well as hair loss and skin lesions. Ringworm is a fungal infection that can cause red, scaly patches on the skin. Allergies can cause intense itching, as well as redness, swelling, and hair loss. It is important to recognize the signs of skin problems in cats and seek veterinary care as soon as possible. Common signs of skin problems in cats include excessive scratching, licking, or biting, redness or irritation of the skin, hair loss, scabs or sores, and changes in skin color or texture. If you notice any of these signs, it is important to take your cat to the veterinarian for an examination. The treatment of skin problems in cats will depend on the underlying cause. In the case of fleas, mites, and ringworm, your veterinarian may prescribe topical or oral medications to kill the parasites. For allergies, your veterinarian may recommend antihistamines, steroids, or other medications to reduce the symptoms. In some cases, dietary changes may be necessary to reduce the severity of the allergy. It is important to remember that early detection and treatment of cat skin problems is essential for the health and wellbeing of cats. If you notice any signs of skin problems in your cat, it is important to take them to the veterinarian for an examination and treatment. With proper care and treatment, most skin problems in cats can be managed and your cat can enjoy a long and healthy life. conclusion, cat dermatology is an important part of pet health care. It helps to diagnose and treat skin conditions that can be uncomfortable and potentially dangerous for cats. Regular visits to the vet for skin checks and treatments can help keep cats healthy and happy. If you suspect your cat may have a skin condition, contact your veterinarian right away for a proper diagnosis and treatment plan.

Have you ever wondered whether certain types of fruit are safe for your cockatiel to eat? For instance, you may have you’ve asked yourself, can cockatiels eat strawberries? Well, ponder no longer, because the answer to your question is yes, your cockatiel can eat strawberries and they will love every single morsel of this heart-shaped fruit. There is more to strawberries than just the fruit, like the seeds and the leaves that accompany it. Unlike apple and apricot seeds that are poisonous to birds, strawberry seeds are safe for your cockatiel to eat and they’ll have an enjoyable time picking at them with their beaks. Strawberry leaves are none toxic so are safe for your cockatiel to eat, although they may cause irritation to some birds, so it’s a question of choice really. Besides, there are plenty of other green-leaved foods out there if you choose not to feed your pet bird the leaves from this berry. Are Strawberries Good for Cockatiels? As long as you don’t give your bird too many strawberries, or any fruit for that matter, then yes, these tasty little berries are a fantastic addition to your cockatiels healthy and nutritious diet. They are high in Vitamin C, a powerful antioxidant that helps support healthy skin and maintain a strong immune system, ensuring your bird is well equipped to fight off illness and disease. Your cockatiels digestive health is helped by the high fibre content in strawberries. The fibre helps feed the friendly bacteria in your bird’s gut, preventing many potential ailments for your bird. Tissue development and cell functionality play a significant role in the health of a cockatiel. The ample amount of folate found in strawberries is quite capable of meeting these needs. The potassium found in these red berries contributes to several bodily functions, but most importantly, they help control the balance of your cockatiel’s blood pressure. Manganese, which is found in nuts, seeds, and leafy green vegetables, is also seen in strawberries and plays a major role as a co-enzyme, which helps with the metabolic function inside your bird’s body. Having seen the fantastic benefits of this delicious fruit, it’s reassuring to know that cockatiels can eat strawberries. With many valuable vitamins and minerals in the fruit that can help reduce the risk of many chronic diseases in birds, they should be encouraged to do so, in moderation… How to Feed Strawberries to a Cockatiel? Berries of any sort should only be fed occasionally and only as a treat. Remember before you feed your bird any type of fruit, wash it first to remove any pesticides that may be on the fruit. When you mix a messy eater with red juicy fruit, there will only be one outcome. A squidgy mess. Not that this is really going to be of any concern, as long as our lovely cockatiels are getting a healthy diet and enjoying themselves at the same time. It would be a good idea to cut the fruit up into smaller chunks to minimize any mess. This will allow your bird to pick them up by themselves and nibble away at their heart’s content. One problem you may run into is your cockatiel being fearful of a strawberry that is put into his cage. This is down to the colour of the fruit. They may see the bright shiny red berry as a danger. Birds love to dunk their food in the water. They do this because it makes the food easier to eat. For this reason, it would be ideal if you can place the berries near their water supply. You can put your fruit in the microwave for a few seconds to warm them up before serving them to your bird. Cut them up after taking them out of the microwave to allow them to cool down quicker, and make sure they are not hot before giving them to your bird.

The meaning of the word ‘fundamental’ is defined as the following: Forming a necessary base or core, being a core component or fact upon which other aspects are built. It is our belief that when it comes to training managers and supervisors in workplace safety, knowledge and attitude are fundamental in setting the base for safe work sites. If managers and supervisors are trained in safety requirements and procedures and then apply that training and knowledge, then their employees are more likely to comply with their training and support the core safety values of their employer. Safety starts with you. Read more…..

Philosopher Thomas Kuhn argued that science is “a series of peaceful interludes punctuated by intellectually violent revolutions” in which “one conceptual world view is replaced by another.” (The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, 1962) The longer-lasting, more tranquil periods of “normal science” are guided by a dominant paradigm. Astrophysics has been in such a peaceful interlude for decades with its belief that the universe is expanding. The expanding universe theory is a paradigm that guides how astrophysicists’ thinking about the universe. As Kuhn stated further, eventually, phenomena will emerge that don’t conform to the paradigm. Kuhn describes the process science then goes through. Initially, it dismisses such maverick data as “anomalies” or minor difficulties that science will eventually solve and fit into the paradigm. Science resists the idea that the prevailing theory and paradigm are false, and it resists alternative theories to explain the anomalies. As anomalous data increase, normal science enters a crisis. Eventually, a new paradigm that better explains the data will emerge and gain a following of scientists who will overthrow the established theory, and a scientific revolution has come about. (How We Are and How We Got Here, 2022) The dominant paradigm in astrophysics is that the universe began in a “big bang,” probably from a singularity, and that the universe, the very fabric of space itself, has been expanding ever since. The expanding universe theory was developed to try to explain the observations that many galaxies display a redshift in their spectra, which scientists understandably equated with the well-established phenomena of the Doppler effect. They assumed, therefore, that a galaxy showing a redshifted spectrum is traveling away from us, the greater the redshift, the greater the speed. (They also assumed that greater redshift means greater distance, a circular reasoning that we will set aside for now.) That so many galaxies appear to be redshifted, meant, the scientists assumed, that the whole universe is expanding, with galaxies flying away from each other. The expanding universe theory has the advantage of internal consistency. A theory’s rational, mathematical beauty is beguiling to scientists. Fair enough, but for a theory to be a useful paradigm for describing reality, it must also display external consistency — it’s assumptions and predictions must match observable phenomena. This is where the expanding universe theory falls short; it is not consistent with all that is the case in the universe. Anomalous data is increasingly pressing against the dominant paradigm of astrophysics. Just yesterday, news broke of yet another phenomena that does not conform with the dominant paradigm: very old galaxies that should not exist, in fact, exist. Said a co-author of the study revealing the new fact: “We expected only to find tiny, young, baby galaxies at this point in time, but we’ve discovered galaxies as mature as our own in what was previously understood to be the dawn of the universe.” I am not surprised. This is yet another big clue that the dominant paradigm about the universe expanding from a “big bang” is incorrect. The observations in the study mentioned is just one trickle in an increasing flow of data showing this. Astrophysics has many complexities, but one prediction of the expanding universe theory can be easily checked by observation, and thus the theory can be easily supported or defeated. The Paradigm’s Prediction The cosmologists tell us the universe is expanding. However, if the universe had been expanding for 12+ billion years then we would see certain easily noticeable evidence. The expanding universe theory predicts that as space expands the matter within space becomes less densely distributed and galaxies become farther and farther apart. Introductory astronomy courses use the analogy in the graphic to explain the theory. The claim is that every raisin is moving farther away from every other raisin. Simple enough to understand. Logically, that means that as the loaf continues to rise, over time, the raisins will be further and further away from every other raisin. Therefore, as time goes by, the density of raisins within the loaf will decrease as the loaf expands because the raisins will be spread more thinly. We see this phenomenon in rising bread dough. But do we see this in galaxies? The expanding universe theory predicts that as time goes by, the density of galaxies within the universe will decrease as the universe expands, moving galaxies further and further away from each other, spreading them more thinly across space. The universe is billions of years old. It’s not as simple as watching bread dough rise, but we can indeed look at galaxy density across both space and time to support or defeat the expanding universe theory. Looking at the Evidence A light year is both a measure of time and distance. If an object is one light year away from us, then light takes one year to reach us. That means that the light we see is as the object was a year ago. So when astronomers talk about galaxies billions of light years away, they also mean their observations are of those objects as they were and where they were billions of years ago. So if we have a distance meter like this of billions of light years: |. . . .|. . . .|. . . .|. . . .|. . . .|. . . .|. . . .|. . . .|. . . .|. . . .| 0. . . 1. . . 2. . . 3. . . 4. . . 5. . . 6. . . 7. . . 8. . . 9. . . 10 The numbers indicate both distance and time. A galaxy that is 8 billion lights years distant is observed by us where it was 8 billion years ago, the light from it just having reached us after journeying 8 billion years. Likewise with a galaxy 4 billion light years distant, 2 billion light years, and so on. The observations of galaxies show that when we plot every observed galaxy by its distance from us we get an even distribution. If we compare an incredibly huge section of space centered on a point 2 billion light years away with a same incredibly huge section 8 billion light years away, we see roughly the same density of galaxies 2 billion lights years distant from us as 2, 3, 4, and so on billion light years distant. Because distance also equals time, that means the density of galaxies is also roughly the same 2, 3, 4, and so on billion years ago so the density of galaxies is roughly the same over all eras. When we observe galaxies 8 billion light years away we are seeing them as they were 8 billion years ago. This allows us to look back in time and very easily verify the expanding universe hypothesis. Returning to our raisin in bread dough analogy, if we measured the density of raisins per cubic centimeter in the loaf at time zero, then came 1, 2, and 3 hours later and observed that the density of raisins per cubic centimeter in the loaf had not changed, we would have to conclude that the bread dough is not rising. Any baker would be foolish to think otherwise. An analogy that was intended as an elementary example of a cosmological theory turns out to be a proof of concept that the universe is not expanding. Restating What Should Be Obvious This is a difficult concept to grasp so I will restate it in different words. (I have been shocked how so many astrophysicists cannot grasp these concepts, so please forgive the repetition.) The expanding universe theory says that as space expands, over time galaxies spread out and get farther from each other and become less densely packed in space. The theory predicts that we would see a lower density of galaxies 2 billion light years away than 8 billion light years away. If the universe had been expanding all that time then the galaxies 8 billion light years away would, on average, be closer together than galaxies at a closer distance. It is simple to measure this and measurements of galaxy distribution have been made. All surveys show that there is no significant change in the relative density of galaxy distribution across the universe which means no difference over space or time. There is “clumping” in the universe where there are spots of greater matter density. However, the level of this “clumping” is the same at all distances–the density of galaxies in regions eight billion light years away is not different from the density of galaxies in regions two billion light years away. Take any two distances and the same is true. Thus, since distance in space equals distance in time, the observations confirm that the density of galaxies 8 billion years ago is not different from the density of galaxies 2 billion years ago. Therefore, we must conclude that the expansion theory is contradicted by the evidence. The data indicates that the density of galaxies in the universe has not decreased over time. Galaxies are not farther apart from each other in more recent times. This defeats the expanding universe theory. The paradigm is wrong, but astrophysicists are still resisting the data showing that the prevailing theory and paradigm are false, and they resist alternative theories to explain the anomalies. Time for a Revolution or at Least Moving Forward With a New Paradigm I have no doubt that the universe is billions of years old, but the expanding universe hypothesis is clearly false. So why do scientists continue to insist that the universe is expanding? It’s classic “group think”–a common malady in all areas of human society. We see it in culture, religion, politics, and even science. Kuhn was correct. Once an idea becomes popular, it creates an inertia that makes it hard to sweep it away, even in the face of evidence. Beliefs, whether they are scientific or not, are created and maintained because they serve a useful purpose; but that purpose is not always because it best explains the available evidence. It is far too easy for people to ignore inconvenient truths if denying them serves a purpose. Sometimes, even great minds are lazy and don’t ask questions. This is especially the case when great minds get together and confirmation bias takes over. Science does a good job of correcting itself, even though it takes some time. Kuhn was correct that science is, at first, resistant to evidence that is contrary to their paradigm and contradicts their theories. Scientists are human after all, all too human in their psychological and rational frailties. Astrophysicists need to come up with a new paradigm, a new theory that explains the observed redshifts in galaxies. The assumption that it can be explained by the expanding universe is not compatible with other observations. What that theory should be, I cannot venture a guess, but that the current theory is wrong is easily seen, though perhaps more easily seen by those outside looking in.

The Credit Ratings of bonds are useful and simple to understand. It is a metric that tells us about the credit risk embedded in in corporate and treasury. Used with caution, credit ratings allow us to understand why the price of a bond is at a certain level. - How are Credit Ratings Determined - Types of Credits Ratings and their Level of Risk - Relationship between Credit Ratings and Credit Spreads All bonds are exposed to credit risk, whether we speak about corporate or treasury bonds. This is why credit ratings can be so useful to analyze bonds. However, credit risk can be broken down into two types of risk: default risk and credit deterioration risk. Default risk is what almost all people think about what we speak about credit risk. It is the risk that a company or country may not be able to pay back what it borrowed. Perhaps only a fraction of that amount can be paid back. Default risk is especially important for bonds issued by entities with little creditworthiness. Credit deterioration risk, also known as spread risk, is important for safer bonds, whose probability of default is very low. In that case, credit risk does not come directly from the fact that the company or the country may fail in the short term, but that its financial situation may deteriorate. If the finances of a solid company begin to deteriorate, the company is unlikely to default any time soon. However, the credit quality of the bond is getting worse. That will cause the bond spread to increase, and its price to drop. Therefore, we would experience a loss even though no default has occurred or is imminent. How are Credit Ratings Determined Credit ratings are provided by credit rating agencies. The three most famous credit rating agencies are the American Standard & Poor’s (S&P), Moody’s and Fitch. There are also many smaller agencies, including the Canadian DBRS, but they tend to receive less attention. These credit rating agencies are in the business of analyzing the financial statements of companies to determine their credit quality, i.e., how good of a borrower they are. Consequently, they analyze things like the total debt level, commercial margins, business growth, etc. Based on those metrics, they will estimate the level of credit risk and assign a credit rating. For countries and regional governments, the process is similar. However, the data used will be slightly different. Along with the total debt level, indicators such as economic growth, unemployment, the level of economic activity, investments, and external trade are analyzed. In addition, the level of political stability is also taken into account. Conflicts of Interest in the Credit Rating Business One aspect that should not be ignored when using credit ratings to analyze potential investments is the conflicts of interest in the industry. Conflicts of interest exist because it is usually the companies and governments issuing debt which hire the services of the credit ratings agencies in order to have their debt rated. The reason companies and governments hire credit ratings agencies is because bonds with credit ratings are more attractive to investors. Credit ratings are one of the metrics analyze by many money managers. In fact, many investments funds cannot invest in bonds unless they are rated and their credit ratings are above a certain threshold. However, because ratings agencies are paid by borrowers, there have sometimes been problems with ratings that did not reflect reality. That is shown in the brilliant movie The Big Short and used to be more common before the 2008 financial crisis. I make you aware of these conflicts of interest not to discourage you from using credit ratings, but so that you understand that these ratings are not infallible. Types of Credits Ratings and their Level of Risk While there are many different credit ratings, as seen in the table below, the big divide is between investment grade bonds and high yield bonds. This separation is very important. Investment grade bonds are mostly exposed to credit deterioration risk, also known as spread risk. On the other hand, high yield bonds are more exposed to default risk. Investment Grade Bonds Investment grade bonds represent the bulk of the bond market. Many investors are willing to buy them. As you can see, despite being a very broad and heterogeneous category, they are mostly exposed to the risk of spreads increasing in the future and driving bond prices down. The percentage of bankruptcies in investment grade bonds is very low. It is worth highlighting the importance of the worst type of investment grade bonds for financial markets. They are the ones with BBB ratings, especially in their lowest level of BBB- (or Baa3). Because ratings are continuously reviewed and updated, these bonds are exposed to the risk of falling into the high yield bond category. This is very dangerous because, if it happens, many institutional investors will be forced to liquidate them, potentially driving their prices much lower. Bonds that have moved from investment grade to high yield are known as fallen angels. High Yield Bonds High yield bonds, often referred to as junk bonds, are those with the worst credit quality. They have the most default risk. There is nothing wrong investing in high yield bonds, since their spreads and potential returns tend to be higher. But they also carry a lot more risk. Within the junk bond category, not all bonds are equally risky. Those with BB ratings experience relatively few bankruptcies. On the other hand, bonds with CCC ratings and lower can declare bankruptcy at any time. Junk bonds offer the potential for greater returns and losses. For this reason, if there is a boom in the economy, junk bonds tend to rise a lot in price and there are few bankruptcies, proving to be a very strong investment. At the same time, if the economy falls into a recession, bankruptcies will go up, credit spreads will rise and high yield bond investors will suffer significant losses . Regardless of the type of bonds you would like to invest in, doing it through mutual funds and ETFs tend to be the best option. These funds have better liquidity than most individual bonds and do not require you to be aware of specific companies or countries. Relationship between Credit Ratings and Credit Spreads As you can imagine, there is a clear relationship between a bond’s credit rating and its credit spread. The credit rating indicates its level of credit risk according to the credit ratings agencies. The credit spread tells us the level of risk according to the market. For this reason, credit rating and credit spread are two metrics that are usually strongly correlated. The following table shows the average credit spread for credit rating category on dollar-denominated bonds: As you can see, as the credit rating moves down in the quality spectrum, credit spreads increase at an exponential rate. This is because, as we go down in quality, the probability of bankruptcy increases much faster. When the market (credit spread) and the ratings agencies (credit rating) have different opinions, the logical thing is to trust the market. There are several reasons for that, but in most of those situations, credit ratings agencies are slow to update their ratings. For its part, the market moves immediately if important news comes out. Relationship between Ratings, Spreads and Dividends Even if you do not invest in bonds, paying attention to credit ratings and credit spreads is important. This is especially true if we invest in dividend-paying stocks. This is because many of these companies also have significant levels of debt. Monitoring the quality of a company’s debt can allow us to assess if the dividends it pays are sustainable or may be at risk in the future. For example, if we see that most of our dividend-paying companies are in the lowest categories of investment grade debt (BBB), there is a risk that the dividends of some of them will be cut in the near future. That becomes more likely if a company has the misfortune to see its credit rating downgraded to BB (high yield). After all, debt payment must be serviced before any dividend payments can be considered. I hope you found this analysis about the credit ratings for bonds interesting, and encourage you to subscribe to my newsletter: And if you would like to learn more about investing in bonds, check out the following section:

In todays digital age, data is everything. Currency, photographs, videos, personal information, Facebook. You name it – it’s data. Data is big business. We buy it, we sell it, we share it – we even fight for it. And second only to the importance of data itself, is how we share and move it. From Bluetooth to Airdrop, WhatsApp to Dropbox, transferring data has never been easier. But as vast and varied as the list of options available to us is, no other method is as simple, “universal” and dangerous than as the USB device – universal serial bus or thumb drive. Invented to replace the various connectors at the back of PCs and to keep more of us connected across our very many different machines and digital devices, the USB fast became the data transfer vehicle of choice because they are small, readily available, inexpensive, and extremely portable. From the first USB released in 1994, to USB 3.1 released in 2013, this technology has growth in regard to performance and storage – you can now fit a sizeable library of music and movies on a device no bigger than your thumb! However, these same characteristics that made it universally top of its class for simplicity and ease of use, also made it the universally first choice for attackers and cyber criminals of every kind. Just look at some of the most spectacular computer attacks in the last few years, and you’ll usually find a USB drive at the heart of it all. There are numerous ways for attackers to use USB drives to infect computers. One method is to install malicious code, or malware, on the device that can detect when it is plugged into a computer. When the USB drive is plugged into a computer, the malware infects that computer. Another method is to download sensitive information directly onto a USB drive. The only thing needed to accomplish this is physical access to a computer on the network. Even computers that have been turned off may be vulnerable, because a computer’s memory is still active for several minutes without power. If an attacker can plug a USB drive into the computer during that time, he or she can quickly reboot the system from the USB drive and copy the computer’s memory, including passwords, encryption keys, and other sensitive data, onto the drive. Often times, a company’s biggest weakness might not be a malicious insider, but rather an employee who simply doesn’t understand the potential security risks of their actions. Even the Department of Homeland Security (http://gcn.com/articles/2011/06/30/dhs-test-found-thumb-drives-disks-network.aspx) discovered in 2011 that 60% of USB drives (deliberately planted in places like federal agency parking lots) were inserted into company computers after they were picked up by unsuspecting workers. This number rose to 90% when the USB drives had the Department of Homeland Security logo. There are steps you can take to protect the data on your USB drive and on any computer that you might plug the drive into: Take advantage of security features – Use passwords and encryption on your USB drive to protect your data, and make sure that you have the information backed up in case your drive is lost. Keep personal and business USB drives separate – Do not use personal USB drives on company computers, and do not plug USB drives containing corporate information into your personal computer. Use security software and keep all software up to date – Use a firewall, anti-virus software, and anti-spyware software to make your computer is less vulnerable to attacks, and make sure to keep the virus definitions current. It’s also important to keep both the operating system and other software on your computer up to date by applying any necessary patches. Do not plug an unknown USB drive into your computer – If you find a USB drive, do not plug it into your computer to view the contents or to try to identify the owner. You may also want to notify someone in your IT department if the drive is found on work premises. Booby-trapped USB drives can destroy your network. Did you know hackers can control your keyboard without your knowledge? There are USB drives, nicknamed booby-trapped USBs, that are capable of controlling users’ computers without permission. In 2015, hackers developed a USB pen drive that can deliver a 220 volt charge to a computer, destroying it instantly. Just a few years earlier in 2010, the infamous Stuxnet worm infected Iranian nuclear facilities decreasing efficiency by 30 percent. Named the most sophisticated computer virus ever created, the Stuxnet worm is believed to have originated from a worker’s USB drive. Once this worm infects a USB drive, it attacks that drive first, then quickly moves toward other computing systems. Booby-trapped USBs are dangerous because users are unaware of the damage being inflicted. Disable Autorun – The Autorun feature in Windows causes removable media such as CDs, DVDs, and USB drives to open automatically when they are inserted into a drive. By disabling Autorun, you can prevent malicious code on an infected USB drive from opening automatically. Develop and enforce USB drive-related policies – Make sure employees are aware of the inherent dangers associated with USB drives and what your company policy is on the proper use of them. Also consider mentioning the dangers of USB flash drives in company training. No matter how technology-savvy your employees may seem, no company is immune to human error. Next time you pick up a USB drive, keep in mind the potential risks. CybACADEMY courses powered by GoldPhish® educates employees on the cyber risk and helps build a more secure organisation with awareness training. Our current FREE100 Campaign is aimed at helping smaller businesses get one step ahead of the cyber criminals with Free awareness training.

In the quest for optimal health, the saying "you are what you eat" holds profound truth. Nourishing your body with nutrient-rich foods is like offering it a symphony of vitality, enhancing everything from energy levels and immune function to mental clarity and overall well-being. Why Is Eating Healthy Important? Optimizing healthy eating is vital to provide your body with the essential nutrients it needs to function at its best. A well-balanced diet supports overall well-being, boosts energy levels, strengthens the immune system, and helps prevent chronic diseases. By making mindful food choices and incorporating nutrient-rich foods, you empower yourself to lead a vibrant and fulfilling life. Let's embark on a flavorful journey through the world of nutrient-rich foods, exploring their specific benefits and how they contribute to your body's wellness. 1. Spinach: The Leafy Green Powerhouse Spinach takes the crown in the leafy greens kingdom. Bursting with vitamins A and C, iron, and fiber, it promotes healthy vision, boosts immunity, and aids digestion. Its high antioxidant content fights inflammation, making it a formidable ally against chronic diseases. 2. Blueberries: Tiny But Mighty Antioxidant Boosters These vibrant gems pack a punch in the antioxidant department. Rich in anthocyanins, blueberries safeguard cells from oxidative stress, which is linked to aging and diseases. Their cognitive benefits are particularly remarkable, enhancing brain function and memory. 3. Salmon: The Omega-3 Rich Catch Salmon swims to the forefront as an excellent source of omega-3 fatty acids. These essential fats reduce inflammation, lower the risk of heart disease, and support brain health. Its vitamin D content further fortifies bone health and immune function. 4. Quinoa: The Complete Plant Protein Quinoa is a nutritional powerhouse, boasting all nine essential amino acids and ample fiber. This plant-based protein supports muscle repair, aids digestion, and provides sustained energy. It's also gluten-free, making it an ideal option for those with dietary restrictions. 5. Avocado: Creamy Goodness With Healthy Fats Avocado is more than just a trendy toast topping. Its monounsaturated fats support heart health by lowering bad cholesterol levels. Packed with potassium, avocados regulate blood pressure and enhance electrolyte balance. 6. Nuts And Seeds: A Nutrient-Dense Snacking Delight Nuts and seeds are like nature's vitamin and mineral treasure troves. Almonds, for instance, offer vitamin E and magnesium for skin health and bone support. Chia seeds are rich in omega-3s and fiber, promoting digestive regularity. 7. Greek Yogurt: Probiotic-Rich Gut Guardian Greek yogurt's probiotics aid gut health, promoting digestion and boosting immune function. Its protein content supports muscle growth and repair. Opt for plain varieties to avoid added sugars. 8. Sweet Potatoes: The Colorful Nutrient Package These orange wonders are rich in beta-carotene, which converts to vitamin A for healthy vision and skin. Their complex carbs provide steady energy, and they're a source of fiber, promoting satiety and digestion. Sign Up For Our Newsletter Stories that matter — delivered straight to your inbox. 9. Broccoli: Nature's Nutrient-Rich Crucifer Broccoli's sulforaphane content is a superhero in cancer prevention, while its fiber supports gut health. It's also a great source of vitamin K for bone health and vitamin C for immune support. 10. Dark Chocolate: Indulgence With A Healthy Twist Yes, you read that right—dark chocolate can be a part of a nutrient-rich diet. High-quality dark chocolate with a cocoa content of at least 70% contains antioxidants that benefit heart health and brain function. 11. Oats: The Wholesome Grain Goodness Oats are a breakfast superstar, delivering a hearty dose of fiber that aids digestion and helps regulate blood sugar levels. Rich in complex carbohydrates, they provide sustained energy and keep you feeling full. 12. Eggs: Nature's Protein-Packed Gem Eggs are a complete protein source, providing all the essential amino acids your body needs. They're also rich in choline, which supports brain health and function. Contrary to past concerns, moderate egg consumption is not linked to heart disease. 13. Oranges: Citrus Boost For Immunity Oranges are synonymous with vitamin C, a potent antioxidant that bolsters the immune system, promotes collagen formation for healthy skin, and enhances iron absorption. Their fiber content aids digestion and supports gut health. 14. Beans And Legumes: The Plant-Based Protein Powerhouses Beans and legumes are a plant-based wonder for protein, fiber, and a plethora of essential nutrients. From lentils to black beans, they offer a range of health benefits, from stabilizing blood sugar levels to promoting heart health. 15. Turmeric: The Golden Anti-Inflammatory Spice Turmeric's active compound, curcumin, is a superstar in the anti-inflammatory realm. It's been linked to improved joint health, reduced risk of chronic diseases, and enhanced brain function. Incorporating turmeric into your diet can offer a flavorful boost to your health. 16. Leafy Greens: Nutrient-Dense, Low-Calorie Wonders From kale and Swiss chard to arugula and collard greens, leafy greens offer a bounty of vitamins, minerals, and fiber. They're especially rich in vitamin K for bone health and folate for cellular function. In the grand tapestry of nutrition, these nutrient-rich foods emerge as stars, contributing their unique strengths to elevate your well-being. By incorporating a colorful variety of these foods into your diet, you offer your body a symphony of nutrients that support its optimal functioning, vitality, and resilience. So, embrace these culinary delights and savor the journey to a healthier, more vibrant you!

Tungsten is a metal with unique properties making it an essential industrial metal. Critical properties include the highest melting point of all metals (3,410°C) and the highest tensile strength, very high density, hardness close to diamond, thermally and chemically stable, excellent conductor, and environmentally benign. Tungsten’s most important use is as tungsten carbide in hardmetals. This is essential to industrialisation as it allows for the high-speed drilling, cutting, pressing, and/or moulding of all types of material. Other uses are in aerospace, electronics, military and specialist steels/super alloys. China accounts for over 80% of world tungsten primary (mine) production. Production from sources outside of China is limited, leading to Tungsten being considered a strategic commodity. - The EU categorize tungsten as a “critical raw material”. - The global primary tungsten market is estimated to be 75,000 tons tungsten metal per annum. - Growth in tungsten demand is closely correlated with global GDP. - Global demand for tungsten is forecast to grow by ~1,3% annually over period 2019-2029.

Many U-32 students took the SAT this past October and November, and more will be taking them next Spring. The SAT test is a measurement of a student’s college readiness, but some believe the SAT is not an accurate measurement of a student’s potential. Senior Jackson McCoy says, “The SAT judges how naturally smart you are, and combines what you learned so it can either be a positive reflection or a negative reflection of who someone is as a student.” Samare Schneider sees it differently. “I am not a good test taker, so I don’t think it’s an accurate reflection of who I am as a student. I need time to process the information in order to get an answer. It was stressful and overwhelming. I didn’t feel prepared to take them.” The new, revised SAT could be more fair, based off what students have learned inside the classroom. The test will be administered in March, 2016. It will be more closely aligned with classroom curriculums. On the new test, instead of three sections– reading, writing and math– there will be two: math and “evidence-based reading and writing.” There will be no penalty for wrong answers, so students won’t have to worry about losing points for guessing incorrectly. For each question, there will be four choices, rather than the present five choices. Another change will be around vocabulary. Students will need to know more words. and they will also need to know different definitions of the words. There will be fewer sections, but each will be for a longer duration. The SAT is designed to measure how well a student can strategically answer questions. For different students, studying may or may not help, but the new SAT will be easier than the previous test, and more students will have the opportunity to take it, which will be beneficial. Many will continue to take the test more than once. Nick Grace said, “I wasn’t able to finish every section, but the second time I took the SAT in October, I was really prepared for how the test would look.”

The job market for computer based jobs is constantly expanding, so this is a great time to get your foot in the door. Whether you’re interested in programming, software engineering, or information technology (IT), it’s not too hard to increase your chance of getting a job working with computers. By building your knowledge base and skill set and gaining the right experience, you can have a much better shot at getting a job in computers. - Learn to code HTML and CSS to know the basics of webpage layout. HTML and CSS are fundamental languages used to design, create, and modify webpages, so being able to use them is crucial to programming. Use online tutorials or introductory coding courses at a local college to develop this fundamental knowledge. - There are countless HTML and CSS tutorials online that you can find by simply searching for them. If you would prefer to learn them in a more structured method, your best bet will be taking an introductory computer science course. 2. Become fluent in a programming language. Programming languages are the bread and butter of computer programmers, so it’s important to have an in-depth understanding of at least one, if not more. Enroll in a programming course or use an online tutorial to develop a mastery of a coding language you can use in a programming job. 3. Earn a degree in computer programming to build your knowledge base. This isn’t always a strict requirement for entry-level jobs in programming, but earning a programming degree is a great way to develop a strong grasp of the fundamentals. Attending a computer program will also give you a good opportunity to begin creating a professional network that you might be able to use down the line to help you land a job. - For example, take active steps to get to know your professors and build a rapport with them. They may be able to write recommendations for you later when you apply for jobs or even tip you off to job opportunities in your field. KEN KOSTER, MS Master’s Degree, Computer Science, Stanford University Use your summers to build your professional experience. Ken Koster, software engineer, advises: “If you’re majoring in computer science in college, you have two or three opportunities to do internships during summers while you’re still in school. Take advantage of those, try different things, and figure out what works for you.”

The focal point of the Gayarré Park on the Esplanade is this monument, which was originally displayed at the 1884 New Orleans World’s Industrial and Cotton Centennial Exposition at Audubon Park. It was erected at the exposition by a terracotta company to showcase what could be done with the material. The monument was relocated to its current site upon the close of the Exposition, a local resident named George Dunbar having purchased it from the Audubon Park Cotton Centennial Commission and donated it to the City of New Orleans. The title “Gayarré Place” was inset in the walkway beneath the monument, and in 1886 the park was dedicated to historian Charles Gayarré. It was destroyed in 1938 and replaced with the present cement and marble statue of Clio, the Greek muse of history and the lyre. Other than the name, there does not appear to be any specific reference to peace in the iconography.

The flag of Israel is set on a white field with a blue hexagram (a six-pointed star of intersecting linear triangles) known as the Star of David. Sitting close to the top of the flag and the bottom of the flag are two narrow blue bands. The flag of Israel is commonly referred to as the "Flag of Zion". Israel being a Jewish state, its flag holds various related symbolism - the Star of David has been used on Jewish flags for centuries whilst the colours blue and white are the colours of the tallith (Jewish prayer shawl). The flag of Israel was originally designed by David Wolfsohn in 1891 and was officially adopted by Israel as its national flag on 28 October 1948 following independence. The flag's ratio is 8:11. The flag of Israel flies

Cowpea seed is a nutritious component in human diet and also a kind of nutrient-rich feed for livestock. The protein in cowpea seeds is richer in amino acids, lysine and tryptophan than cereals; however, compared with animal protein, it lacks methionine and cystine. Cowpea seeds are therefore regarded as a nutritional supplement for grains and a supplement for animal protein. You can harvest the cowpea plant at any stage of it’s growth. Cowpeas are often mixed with other foods. You can have your cowpea seeds boiled as fresh vegetables, canned or frozen. Dry and mature seeds are also suitable for boiling and canning. Cowpea should not be planted until the soil temperature is always above 65°F and the soil moisture is sufficient to germinate and grow. The seeds will rot in cool, moist soil. HOW TO HARVEST COWPEA You know, when the pods start to turn yellow, the cowpea is fully ripe and ready to be harvested. Keeping the plants in the field until they dry out requires great care so as not to let the pods fall apart. You can harvest the pods individually or uproot the whole plant from the bottom and then spread it out to dry. Cowpea can be harvested in three different stages of maturity: baby peas, green ripe and dry. Now, depending on the temperature, fresh cowpea (green ripe) are 16 to 17 days after flowering, that is, 60 to 90 days after planting. The harvest date of green snap pods is usually specified by the processor. Mechanical harvesting requires the use of a pea or green peas harvester. Most domestic cowpea production uses mechanical harvesting, however, the hand-harvested cowpea is less damaged and the harvest season may last 1 to 3 weeks. One person can manually harvest 12 to 20 bushels of cowpea pods per day. The cowpea pods are packaged with a net weight of 25 pounds and are packed in bushel baskets or mesh bags (not sacks). Ripe green cowpeas are usually harvested mechanically by some type of mobile grape harvester. Dried cowpea can be stacked to promote drying or mixed directly using a small grain or soybean combine harvester. How to Save Cowpea Seeds It is very important to preserve the seeds for the next harvest. Whether you are planting plants for immature beans (some pods are just left on the vine to reach seed maturity) or for dry beans, in this case, it is easy to harvest the seeds of these crops because the seeds are one. In view of the relatively short isolation distance required to maintain the variety, gardeners can even plant and preserve the seeds of multiple varieties in the same season. STORING OF HARVESTED COWPEA The harvested green cowpea will deteriorate due to heat unless it is kept cool. After harvest, provide shade and adequate ventilation on the way to the cooler. Cowpeas cooled below 45 degrees Fahrenheit may suffer from chilling damage. Dried cowpea seeds are cleaned, graded, and fumigated, then packed in small plastic bags and sold to consumers. Recommended: living in Florida? Learn how to grow cowpeas in Florida here. Common Pests and Diseases Infections are a very big disadvantage to cowpeas. This is because they are easily prone to diseases. Sometimes these diseases can stay in the soil for years, therefore, it is advisable to plant cowpea in different areas of your garden every year. In order to prevent the spread of fungi and bacteria diseases in cowpea, you may want to avoid damp areas. To eliminate insects such as beetles and bed bugs that may eat plant leaves is to pick them up and throw them into a jar of soapy water. Cut and compost plants that have passed the vigorous growth period in time to interrupt the life cycle of pests and diseases. Store cowpeas in a closed container in a cool, dark and dry place to prevent moisture and diseases. The cowpea can last for 3-4 years under food conditions. Cowpea pods can reach 6 to 10 inches long and look similar to green beans. The pods can be harvested when they are young, or they can be harvested after being dried. If you harvest it when it is green, pick it when the pods are small. To harvest dried cowpea pods, harvest them after drying on the vines. Knowing when to harvest your cowpea, how to harvest cowpeas, and how to store them will not only allow you to enjoy a good harvest but also you ou will be able to save good seeds for another planting season. For details about growing cowpeas from seeds, check our article on how to grow cowpeas from seeds here. Back to Homepage: Webgardener

A Maven based project uses the target folder to place the output of a project’s build. Before the deployment of a project, it is a good practice to clean every file created by the previous build. In this example, we use Apache Maven 3.1.1 on a Windows 7 platform. In order to clean our project, we must first navigate to its folder, using the terminal (Linux or Mac) or the command prompt (Windows). Then, we must issue the following command: A sample output of the command is shown below: This command is responsible for removing all files generated by the previous build. Thus, every file inside the target folder will be removed. Finally, it is a good practice to use Maven’s clean command along with Maven’s package command as following: mvn clean package This command first, cleans our project by removing everything inside the target folder and then, packages our code in a distributable format, such as This was a tutorial on how to clean a project, using Apache Maven.

Why Use the Web? Why Be Careful? For information on how to find quality, scholarly websites and how to choose good sources online, visit the Evaluating Resources page. Nuclear weapons and nuclear power have greatly influenced the world since 1945. This digital library provides a vetted, annotated bibliography of over 3,000 books, articles, films, CDs, and websites about a broad range of nuclear issues. The U.S. Intelligence Community is a coalition of 17 agencies and organizations, including the ODNI, within the Executive Branch that work both independently and collaboratively to gather and analyze the intelligence necessary to conduct foreign relations and national security activities. The Global Terrorism Database (GTD) is an open-source database including information on terrorist events around the world from 1970 through 2011 (with annual updates planned for the future). Unlike many other event databases, the GTD includes systematic data on domestic as well as international terrorist incidents that have occurred during this time period and now includes more than 104,000 cases.

PREVAILING VOICE DAILY Topic: ICHABOD 5 Text: 1 Samuel 4:19-21KJV 19 And his daughter in law, Phinehas’ wife, was with child, near to be delivered: and when she heard the tidings that the ark of God was taken, and that her father in law and her husband were dead, she bowed herself and travailed; for her pains came upon her. 20 And about the time of her death the women that stood by her said unto her, Fear not; for thou hast born a son. But she answered not, neither did she regard it. 21 And she named the child Ichabod, saying, The glory is departed from Israel: because the ark of God was taken, and because of her father in law and her husband. God made man with glory and also releases a measure of His glory upon man, so man can be a carrier of God’s glory but not all men carry God’s glory. The measure of God’s glory upon a man is a function of the presence of God upon such a man. From our text above, the ark of God signifies the presence of God and its the glory that encompasses Israel and made them never to lose a battle. So long Israel goes to war with the ark of God and in purity of their heart, they never lose a battle and they were never defeated by any nation, no matter how big the nation is, but when the two sons of Eli, Hopni and Phinehas sinned against God and desecrate the altar of God with their wayward lives without yielding to God’s warning, they led a war against the Philistines, took the ark of God with them, but the Philistines killed Hopni and Phinehas, took away the ark of God from the Israelites to their own land. Eli heard the news, fell from a chair, broke his neck and die, Eli’s daughter in-law who was travailing to bring forth a child, out of her pain named the child, ICHABOD meaning the glory of God is departed from Israel. Dearly beloved, the only killer of God’s glory in your life is sin, sin can deprive you of God’s glory, sin can make God seemed far away from you (Isaiah 59:1), in addition sin gives access to the devil to exchange the glory of God upon you with shame and reproach. David understood this clearly when he prayed this prayer in Psalms 51:11 “…. Cast me not away from thy presence; and take not thy holy spirit from me. Restore unto me the joy of they salvation…”. Beloved, do not joke with the presence of God, it is the determinant of how much of God’s glory your carry and flee from sin, it is a killer of God’s glory upon any man. God bless you. * Father, let not your glory depart from my life in Jesus Name. READING THROUGH THE BIBLE 2Kings 3, Matthew 25 For prayer and counselling call this lines Fellowship with us HOUR OF MIRACLES on Wednesday @ PRAISE PAVILION INTL. 7, Brethren close Iyana Ejigbo bus stop. @ PREVAILING FAMILY Itire on Thursday 6.30pm Add us on facebook Prevailing Family-Netwrk Follow us on twitter @prevalinfamily Email us: email@example.com And if you miss any Prevailing Voice Daily check it on Prevailing Voice Daily 10th April PREVAILING VOICE DAILY

Web scrapers extract data from websites to use programmatically. To access and parse HTML, they rely on parser libraries like lxml and BeautifulSoup. But which one is better suited for web scraping? Both have strengths that make them popular choices: lxml parses HTML extremely quickly using Python bindings to C libraries libxml2 and libxslt. This makes it faster than pure Python alternatives. BeautifulSoup also parses quickly, but relies entirely on Python. lxml has the edge in raw performance. BeautifulSoup shines for convenience - its API is designed for easy HTML traversal: soup = BeautifulSoup(html, 'html.parser') links = soup.find_all('a') lxml is focused on XML/HTML itself rather than traversal, so accessing elements is a bit more verbose: tree = lxml.html.fromstring(html) links = tree.xpath('//a') Websites often have malformed HTML that trips up parsers. BeautifulSoup gracefully handles bad HTML with its forgiving parser. It can parse nearly any HTML. lxml fails fast on invalid markup. This makes it less tolerant, but faster when HTML is valid. For high performance and validity, use lxml. For convenience and resilience, use BeautifulSoup. Evaluate their tradeoffs against your specific web scraping needs. The best approach may be to use both - lxml for speed and BeautifulSoup to smooth over bad HTML.

Glucocorticoids, or corticosteroids, are a class of steroid hormones that are characterized by an ability to bind with the glucocorticoid receptor. In dentistry, their main therapeutic use is as an anti-inflammatory agent and immunosuppressant. Some of the more commonly used glucocorticoids include betamethasone, dexamethasone, methylprednisolone, prednisolone, prednisone, and triamcinolone. Glucocorticoids can be used for or following a variety of dental procedures such as endodontics for root resorption, oral surgeries to reduce edema and to aid in the prevention of ulcerations and excoriation, and the treatment of oral submucosa fibrosis and oral lichen planus. The use of glucocorticoids can reduce patient discomfort, lessen the time required for healing, aid in the healing process, and aid in the prevention of post-operative issues. The type of steroid used will depend upon the patient’s medical history, prior use of glucocorticoids, type of dental procedure, and the symptom or symptoms that need relieving.

Before delving into the specifics of a blind trust, it helps to understand what a trust is and how they operate. A trust is a legal agreement where an individual (known as the trustor or settlor) transfers ownership of certain assets to an account managed by a trustee (also known as a fiduciary). The trustee then operates the trust on behalf of the designated beneficiaries. The trustor will clearly outline how the trust is to be managed in the trust agreement. Sometimes the trustee will oversee the assets for a short period of time until the account is gifted to the beneficiaries. Other times, the trust is intended to run indefinitely, providing investment income for generations to come. Either way, the trustee is responsible for prudently managing the assets and investments while they are held in trust. A trust can be revocable or irrevocable. With a revocable trust, the trustor can modify the terms of the trust agreement, dissolve the trust, and reclaim assets transferred to the trust, as long as they are alive. Upon the trustor’s death, the trust would become irrevocable. An irrevocable trust cannot be modified or dissolved. Assets transferred to an irrevocable trust are permanently gifted to the trust, and cannot be reclaimed by the trustor. In some situations, an irrevocable trust can be modified by the beneficiary, but that hinges on the language and provisions in the trust agreement. What is a Blind Trust? A blind trust is a trust agreement where neither the trustor or the beneficiaries have any control or influence over the assets in the trust. Once assets are transferred to a blind trust, the trustee is able to freely buy and sell assets according to the mandates of the trust agreement. The trustor and beneficiaries cannot know what assets are being held, what is bought or sold, what the annual returns are, etc. They cannot contact the trustee for updates on holdings, principal, or returns, and they cannot give the trustee any input or directions regarding management of the assets. When are Blind Trusts Necessary? Blind trusts are typically used when the trustor is facing potential conflicts of interest between their profession and their personal assets. If there is a possibility that professional decisions can directly impact someone’s personal wealth or business interests, a blind trust provides an ethical solution to preclude moral dilemmas. Blind trusts aren’t intended to last forever, so they can be revocable or irrevocable. In both cases, the trustor and the beneficiary are usually one in the same, so when the potential conflicts of interest that warrant the blind trust are gone, they can reclaim their assets. Blind Trusts for Elected Officials One of the most common situations that warrants a blind trust is when an individual is elected to public office. Politicians with international holdings may be tempted to use their position of influence to lower taxes or tariffs, ease trade barriers, or otherwise influence regulation that would benefit their foreign interests. They could be tempted to grant lucrative government contracts to businesses in which they are personally invested, or push legislation that would benefit businesses, industries, or sectors which represent a substantial portion of their investments. The Federal Ethics in Government Act of 1978 requires government officials disclose their financial holdings unless the assets are transferred to a “qualified” blind trust. While elected officials are not required to sell assets or utilize a blind trust, many politicians do, as it eliminates the need to disclose personal assets and avoids the scrutiny that can accompany public disclosures. While a blind trust doesn’t eliminate these potential conflicts of interest, it is a good tool to at least minimize the risks. There are five requirements for a trust to pass as a “qualified” blind trust: - The official, their spouse, or any dependent or minor children are beneficiaries to the trust’s principal or income - The trustee operates independently, and cannot be influenced by or affiliated with the government official - The transferred assets cannot contain any restrictions, and the trustee is free to buy, sell, or transfer the assets without interference - The trust agreement needs to contain provisions that explicitly prevent the trustor from advising the trustee on how to manage the assets - The government official’s supervising ethics office must approve of the trust and the trustee Blind Trusts for Corporate Executives Another common use for blind trusts is by corporate executives or members of the company’s board of directors. Individuals with substantial corporate stock holdings and access to inside information are subject to restrictions on trading securities that can make it difficult to prudently manage their portfolio. These regulations can be avoided if the executive’s holdings are transferred into a blind trust where the executive can’t dictate when to buy or sell corporate stock. How are Blind Trusts Established? There are a myriad of state and federal regulations regarding blind trusts, but generally speaking there are six steps to establish a blind trust: - Consult with a qualified attorney to understand which state and federal laws your blind trust will be subject to (for example, many states don’t allow politicians to name family members as trustees of a blind trust) - Gather the necessary documents for the assets in question (e.g. property titles, business contracts, financial account documentation, etc.) - Select an individual or firm to serve as the trustee - Draft a trust agreement with an attorney to outline the parameters of the trust, including if the trust is revocable or irrevocable, and how the assets shall be distributed when the blind trust expires - Sign and notarize the agreement, and if necessary report the trust to the state - Transfer assets to the trust While a blind trust ensures that the trustor and beneficiary doesn’t know what assets are held in the trust, they do know what assets were held when they transferred to the trust. If the trustor held a substantial business stake in a certain company or industry, they may still be inclined to influence legislation and regulations favorable to that company or industry. Also, because the trustor can choose the trustee, they can choose someone who would manage the trust predictably, and influence regulations that would benefit the anticipated portfolio. For example, if a trustor taps his longtime financial advisor as the trustee, he may have grown accustomed to the financial advisor’s investing preferences over the years to the extent he can predict (at least generally) what sectors and industries the trustee will invest in. The trustor can then influence political or business decisions that will favor those industries, sectors, and companies. An alternate way to preclude conflicts of interest Instead of a blind trust, the government official or corporate executive could liquidate their financial holdings and invest all their funds in broad index-based mutual funds or ETFs. Theoretically, this would eliminate any bias towards specific companies or industries, however it can be difficult to do if the individual has complex holdings and business interests that are illiquid. Call Arizona Estate Attorney Dave Weed at (480)467-4325 to discuss your case today.

A Brief History of Anti-Lock Braking Systems The Statue of Liberty is not the only world renowned object designed by the French. Anti-lock braking systems, also known as ABS, were also designed by the French for aircraft around 1929. Before they put anti-lock braking systems on cars, if the road was slick and you slammed on your brakes, your wheels would lock up and you would skid out of control. So drivers would pump their brakes to create traction in a skid. Anti-lock braking systems pump the brakes for you. That’s what that vibrating and hammering feeling is in the brakes where it feels like the brake is slipping. Now, when you apply your brakes, rather than locking up, they still rotate, but they rotate at intervals. Because the brake is gripping the wheel at intervals, i.e. it is pumping the brake. So, when the road is slick, you no longer need to pump the brake. Rather, you only need to apply steady pressure and hold down the brake, while it gives you a nice, relaxing foot massage. How Do Anti-Lock Brakes Work? So, there is no need to pump the brakes anymore. In a car with ABS, the wheels should never lock in the first place, so pumping the brakes will just make you take longer to stop. They prevent wheels from locking up on slippery surfaces. So, all-in-all, better traction and better steering control are the main attributes to ABS. An ABS does not necessarily shorten your stopping distance, but does allow you to keep control of your steering allowing you to have better control over your vehicle. So, while the Statue of Liberty, French bread, French fries and French toast are all very important contributions to society as well as history, and the French maid is arguably the most noted costume at any party, the Anti-lock braking system is their greatest contribution of them all. How To Apply Anti-Lock Brakes - Press and hold the brake, you will feel the petal vibrating, don’t pump the brakes, just steer your car to safety. - Keep your tires filled with the proper air pressure and make sure you have adequate tread. - Allow enough space to stop. Use the 3 second rule and if there are bad conditions increase the seconds appropriately.

Transcript from the "Applying Images to Spheres" Lesson >> So let's try to make this more of an Earth. So if you open up the repo, you're gonna see an asset inside the repo, inside the src/demos folder, and it's gonna be a JPG of the Earth, so earth.jpg. And let's just drag and drop this into our project folder that we created here, this webgl folder that we created on our desktop. [00:00:28] Just drag and drop it there, or save it there somehow. And now let's load this into our three.js scene and apply that to the sphere. So if we go here, we've dragged and dropped it in, make sure it's in the same folder as our sketch.js and as our project. [00:00:47] And then I'm gonna go up, and what I'm gonna do is, I'm gonna load a new texture somewhere just above my material here. So remember, material has to do with the surface quality, and so texturing has to do also with the material. So we're gonna do this, we're gonna say, const texture = new, and then we're gonna use an interface called TextureLoader. [00:01:11] So it's gonna be new THREE.TextureLoader().load, and then we're gonna just say earth.jpg, that's the URL to the file. So that's the line that we can use to load a texture from a file. It returns a THREE.TextureInterface, which is gonna be used for, it's kinda like an image. But it's actually an image that exists on the GPU as opposed to just an image that exists in memory. [00:01:40] And then whenever we create these materials, so we have to use a certain type of material. So MeshNormalMaterial is really good for debugging and for seeing the visualization of the sphere or of the object. But what we really want is, we want to texture this. So we're gonna use MeshBasicMaterial, and then we're gonna pass in, so instead of these options, we're gonna pass in a map, and we're gonna say texture. [00:02:02] So map is just the the name of the attribute that has to do with textures. And so now all of a sudden, if you get this, you should have a 3D Earth. And then maybe the next thing we'll do, cuz we're trying to create this little tiny solar system here. [00:02:21] Trying to create something animated, something that's running on its own, maybe an animation of some kind. The next thing we'll do is, we'll find a Moon image. I've already got one in the repo here, but you could have just as well found this online. So here in the repo, in the src/demos, I've got moon.jpg, and I'll just drag and drop this in as well. [00:02:39] So I'm just gonna drag and drop the JPG into our folder. And then I'm gonna do the same thing. Except, instead of copy-pasting this line, we could certainly do this line again and just create a new TextureLoader and load it. But what I'm actually gonna do is just reference the texture loader once, And I'm gonna use it twice, so I'm gonna reuse this texture loader. [00:03:12] And the benefit of that is that three.js, the TextureLoader here will be able to run these in parallel, at least theoretically. This is how it should be loading things under the hood. And it should be able to cache things a bit better and stuff like that. So it should just be a bit more optimized this way. [00:03:26] So now we're gonna say, moonTexture, then loader.load('moon.jpg'). So now we've loaded two textures, so we've loaded the Earth and the Moon texture. And now we're gonna create a new mesh that would be our Moon. So just like before, we have our mesh, but now we're gonna create another mesh. [00:03:55] We're gonna say, let's say const moonMesh = new THREE.mesh. And for now, let's just use the same parameters just to keep it simple. We'll we'll update this in a second. But for now, let's just use the same stuff, geometry and material. And we do scene.add(moonMesh), and so now, you're not gonna see anything different. [00:04:18] And that's because the Moon is, first of all, it's the same material, so it's actually also showing an Earth texture. And second of all, it's in the exact same position as the Earth. And so what we wanna do is, we wanna place this Moon further off into orbit, I guess you could say. [00:04:36] So we're gonna say moonMesh.position.set, maybe make it 1 along the x-axis, and then maybe 0.5 on the y, and maybe 0 along the z-axis. And now all of a sudden, we sort of see something emerging, it's like a tumorous growth. And then what we wanna do is make it a lot smaller because it's a Moon, not an Earth. [00:05:00] So we're gonna say moonMesh.scale.setScalar, maybe 0.25. None of this is very accurate to real measurements, but it's just for fun. Maybe we'll make it a bit further away from the Earth by saying, make the position a little bit larger. So the larger these position values, the further away it'll appear from the Earth. [00:05:25] And then maybe also here, if you're starting to edit your work, you might think, okay, the camera's a little too close, I wanna pull this camera out so we can scroll up. Go to our camera.position, maybe increase these values as well, just so that we're a little bit further away from the center of the world. [00:05:44] Okay, so now we've got two Earths, but that's not what we want, we want a Moon and an Earth. So we're gonna create a new material called moonMaterial. And we're gonna say, new THREE.MeshBasicMaterial. We're gonna pass in map and we're gonna say moonTexture instead of mapTexture. And then we're gonna update the mesh so that it's using the moonMaterial. [00:06:15] So now just with these few lines of code, we have this 3D Moon and Earth, which is kinda cool. But maybe what we'd really like is for it to rotate, for this moon to rotate, or even for the Earth to rotate. So we're just gonna scroll down into our render function. [00:06:33] We're gonna say mesh, because that's how we called our Earth, so mesh.rotation.y = time. And what that's gonna do is, it's gonna make the the rotation, which is in radians, this y-axis, it's gonna make it equal to the time in seconds. And time comes from canvas sketch, it's a property that we can use to create these animations that are very much locked to the framerate of whatever we're rendering. [00:06:57] Whether it's in the browser at 60 frames, or whether it's a GIF or MP4 at maybe 24 or 30 frames or something. So every second, it's increasing the rotation here in radians. I mean, we can slow it down by just multiplying that by a lower number, just so it's a nice, gradual rotation of the Earth. [00:07:17] And then maybe we'll do the same thing for the Moon mesh, cuz I guess technically the moon is rotating slowly as well. And so we'll use a slightly different value just so that they're not rotating perfectly in sync. Whatever you'd like there.

Hydrogen Immerges as An Effective Treatment For h2 Cognitive Disorders Hydrogen Water is an Antioxidant and water Prevents Brain Damage Molecular hydrogen (H2) can protect cells and tissues from oxidative damage by selectively reducing reactive oxygen species. Unlike other antioxidants, xgcssx H2 has the unique capability of crossing cell membranes and targeting organelles such as the mitochondria and nucleus. Drinking hydrogen water prevented the development of Parkinson’s disease in an experiment on rats. Hydrogen water reduces oxidative stress and prevents cognitive impairment associated with dementia and Parkinson’s disease [ Hydrogen water prevented both the development and progression of neural degeneration and suppressed neuronal loss in another Parkinson’s disease mice study. Additionally, in a study on patients with Parkinson’s disease, it was found that the intake of hydrogen water reduces neurotoxic damage, which agrees with previous studies on animals. The hydrogen water had no adverse effects at high doses (1000 mL/day) [R]. Drinking hydrogen water and intermittent hydrogen gas exposure, but not lactulose or continuous hydrogen gas exposure, hydrpgen prevent 6-hydorxydopamine-induced Parkinson’s disease in rats. Consumption of molecular hydrogen prevents the stress-induced impairments in hippocampus-dependent learning tasks during chronic physical restraint in mice. Our consecrate incision on weewee engineering and hydrogen is a will to our consignment towards sustainable technologies, providing bass insights into how these innovations tin reshape our earthly concern. For tech enthusiasts hypnotized by drones, our radio-controlled aircraft part provides the latest news, reviews, hydrpgen and advancements in lagger engineering.

Wanting to test the response curves on some analog parts, [Don Sauer] devised a way of using simple tools to graph analog tests on a computer. Here you can see the results of testing NPN, PNP, NMOS and PMOS transistors, but modifying the input circuitry would let you test just about anything you want. [Don] is using an Arduino as the hardware interface. He needed some additional parts, like an op-amp and some passives. Instead of building this on a breadboard, he printed the circuit out on a piece of cardboard, hot glued the components in place, then wired them up. This will let him reuse the interface in the future, but is quicker than designing and etching a PCB. He uses a Processing sketch to capture the test data streaming in from the Arduino. Once recorded, he uses SciLab to create the graphs. He also covers a method of sifting through the data using Octave, another open source program that feels somewhat like MATLAB.

As a woman gets older, her chances of getting pregnant and having a healthy baby decline significantly. This is usually due to several reasons including her egg quality, implantation issues, and an increased risk of miscarriage. When does fertility decline? According to a 2018 study, fewer than half of university students were able to correctly identify the age at which a woman’s fertility begins to decline, and fewer than one in five knew when a man’s fertility declines. As you age, your chances of getting pregnant spontaneously lessen, while the chances of having a miscarriage and pregnancy complications increase. This process begins earlier than you may think ... between 30-35 years of age. Older and bad-quality eggs make getting pregnant more difficult and can increase the risk of a miscarriage. Getting pregnant by using reproductive technology and IVF, or with an egg donor can increase your chances of having a baby, however, this process also becomes more pronounced as a woman reaches 35 years of age. If you are over 35, seek an infertility workup after 6 months of trying to get pregnant or earlier if there are known medical issues. Bad quality eggs: What is ovarian reserve testing? Ovarian reserve testing may be considered for women under 35 years of age if there is a good reason. Almost one in ten women (some younger than 35) who come in for infertility evaluation have such poor ovarian function that their chances of getting pregnant are extremely unlikely. At the current time, this problem cannot be fixed. Therefore, besides testing his sperm count, the assessment of a woman's fertility through ovarian reserve testing is among the most important fertility test that a physician can do. Women have all the eggs they are ever going to have in their lives before they are even born. Yet the time of baby girl's birth, the ovarian reserve — the number of remaining eggs stored in the follicles — has already decreased dramatically and it decreases further with each year of life. For the rest of her life, ongoing follicular depletion will reduce the number of eggs remaining in the ovaries. In fact, far more eggs will be lost by degeneration than are lost by ovulation. It would be great if there was a test that could predict when a woman's eggs would become so low-quality that menopause was imminent and pregnancy close to impossible. Unfortunately, there is presently no adequate test to predict ahead of time when you will go into menopause. Once your eggs are no longer adequate, unless you have already frozen your eggs via in vitro fertilization, the only effective treatment for ovarian aging is egg donation. Pregnancy rates associated with this treatment are significantly higher than those associated with in vitro fertilization with a woman's own eggs. Yet, no matter what method you use to get pregnant, staying pregnant and going on to deliver a healthy baby is another issue. The risk of spontaneous pregnancy loss and chromosomal abnormalities increases with age as does the risk for concurrent medical conditions such as hypertension and diabetes. Chromosomal anomalies and miscarriages increase with a woman's age As women get older, their miscarriage risks increase. Most miscarriages are due to chromosomal anomalies, and eggs are more likely to have genetic abnormalities, such as the loss or gain of one or more chromosomes, as they age. Women under 30 years old have an under 10% chance of a miscarriage, but that about doubles for women 35-39 years old, and women over 40 years old, have an over 50 percent chance of having a miscarriage. The risk of miscarriage by a woman's age The perfect age for conception The female body was created to conceive children early in life. From the beginning of time, women were married at the age of 14 or younger. The first menstrual period was the signal that she was ready to start a family and carry on the human race. As time passed, societal changes redefined the appropriate age for mothers but the female body did not change. From the age of 20, fertility begins to decline. Once a woman reaches the age of 35, issues with hormonal changes, the age of stored eggs, and the efficacy of the endometrial lining will all play a part in the ability to conceive and carry a child. Health issues and fertility Another huge factor linking age to fertility problems are health issues and illness. The older you are the more likely you are to suffer from age-related conditions such as diabetes and high blood pressure. These conditions can all play a huge part in the conception and implantation of a fertilized egg. However, with the advent of fertility drugs and infertility treatments, women are giving birth to children well into their 40’s. Although your body is aging, it does not mean there is no chance of starting a family later in life. - Broekmans FJ, Soules MR, Fauser BC. Ovarian aging: mechanisms and clinical consequences. Endocr Rev. 2009 Aug;30(5):465-93. - Lambalk CB1, van Disseldorp J, de Koning CH, Broekmans FJ. Testing ovarian reserve to predict age at menopause. Maturitas. 2009 Aug 20;63(4):280-91.

Table of Contents Is "Bharat" in India's Future? Controversy Brews Over Rumors of Official Name Change. The Heated National Debate Explained Recent events have sparked speculation that India's government may be moving to officially change the country's name to "Bharat," the Hindi word commonly used to describe the nation. Rumors of an impending name change grew after invitees to India's G20 summit this week received cards from the "President of Bharat" rather than the usual "President of India." Photos of the invites went viral, fueling debate over whether the Modi government plans to formally adopt "Bharat" in place of "India." The term Bharat has ancient origins and cultural significance in India. Deriving from the Sanskrit language, it refers poetically to the land of the legendary King Bharata in Hindu scriptures. Bharat is widely used colloquially when speaking Hindi or other regional languages to refer affectionately to the country, similar to "Britain" in English. However, India's official name since independence has remained "Republic of India" in all formal government communication, diplomacy, and international relations. The constitution only recognizes either "India" or "Bharat" when referring to the nation. Most institutional names also utilize "India" - like the Government of India, India Post, Reserve Bank of India, etc. Recent unnamed reports suggest the ruling Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) may use an upcoming special parliamentary session to propose officially renaming the country to Bharat. This follows years of debate over more prominently using the Hindi term, which has intensified since the Hindu nationalist BJP took power in 2014. Party figures argue Bharat better reflects the country's heritage and identity. Opponents criticize the move as unnecessary posturing that would undermine the globally recognized India brand. It could also come across as forcing Hindi cultural hegemony on India's diverse populations. However, among more hardline Hindu nationalists, Bharat carries deep symbolism of a return to historic cultural glory. The presidential dinner invite referring to the leader as "President of Bharat" aligns with what some see as the BJP's pivot toward officially "reclaiming" the name Bharat. Another clue was a key BJP chief minister changing his social media location to "Assam, Bharat." With the BJP dominating parliament, a name change could pass despite opposition objections. The main opposition Congress Party has argued India's name should remain unchanged. Party leaders say the BJP does not have sole ownership over national identity, which belongs collectively to the entire populace. They argue the move has no constitutional basis and could undermine recognition of India built up over centuries. Some also accuse the BJP of playing petty politics in response to the opposition coalition rebranding itself as INDIA, or Indian National Democratic Inclusive Alliance, ahead of 2024 elections. BJP figures lashed out at INDIA as an attack on India's identity. In turn, adopting Bharat would counter the opposition's embrace of the India name. The rumored Bharat shift also aligns with the BJP's broader Hindu-centric cultural agenda. Policies like revoking Kashmir's autonomy, mandating yoga practice, and tightening citizenship requirements have appealed to the party's Hindu base. Championing the traditionally Hindu term Bharat taps into the same political motivations. However, critics argue that India's constitutional secularism precludes changing the officially neutral name India on religious-nationalist grounds. They say the BJP should focus on pressing policy issues rather than symbolic rhetoric and unnecessary renaming exercises. Doing so risks further dividing India's diverse society. Procedurally, for India to formally become Bharat would require amending the constitution. Whether the BJP pursues a straightforward name change or subtly elevates Bharat's status through usage shifts remains to be seen. Regardless, the Bharat controversy illustrates the BJP's calculated efforts to infuse Hindu identity into India's political fabric. While proponents argue Bharat reclaims India's heritage, critics see it as erasing India's syncretic, pluralist brand built since independence. With Indian politics becoming increasingly polarized under BJP rule, the name change debate exemplifies the divides over interpretations of Indian national identity in the 21st century. - Ramesh, Jairam (@Jairam_Ramesh). "So the news is indeed true. Rashtrapati Bhawan has sent out an invite for a G20 dinner on September 9th in the name of ‘President of Bharat’ instead of the usual ‘President of India’." Twitter, 5 September 2023, https://twitter.com/Jairam_Ramesh/status/1566868413846831105 - "India's Parliament session from September 18 to take up 'special business'." The Economic Times, 2 September 2023, https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/india/indias-parliament-session-from-september-18-to-take-up-special-business/articleshow/93813355.cms - Sarma, Himanta Biswa (@himantabiswa). "Assam, BHARAT." Twitter, 5 September 2023, https://twitter.com/himantabiswa/status/1566896182722691072 - "Opposition leaders unveil alliance named INDIA to take on BJP in 2024 polls." India Today, 5 September 2023, https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/india-alliance-opposition-leaders-bjp-2024-polls-1990670-2022-09-05 - Tharoor, Shashi (@ShashiTharoor). "While there is no constitutional objection to calling India 'Bharat', which is one of the country's two official names, I hope the government will not be so foolish as to completely dispense with 'India', which has incalculable brand value built up over centuries." Twitter, 5 September 2023, https://twitter.com/ShashiTharoor/status/1566907128021610496 - Kejriwal, Arvind (@ArvindKejriwal). "If an alliance of some parties become 'INDIA', would they [BJP] change the name of the country? The country belongs to 140 crore people, not to a party. Let’s assume if the India alliance renames itself as Bharat, would they rename Bharat as BJP then? What’s this joke?" Twitter, 5 September 2023, https://twitter.com/ArvindKejriwal/status/1566908840941772801 - "Preamble to the Constitution of India" Ministry of Law and Justice, Government of India. https://www.india.gov.in/my-government/constitution-india/preamble-constitution-india Join the newsletter to receive the latest updates in your inbox.

Research conducted by UFPR in partnership with TCP reveals that the amount corresponds to 40 years of spending on sediment removal in the Jacareí River basin due to erosion and landslides in extreme events. The Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), in partnership with the company that manages the Paranaguá Container Terminal (TCP), released the results of five years of research involving the Jacareí River, on the state coast. The event, held this Wednesday (02) at the Museum of Archeology and Ethnology of UFPR, brought together researchers, the Public Ministry of Paraná, the Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation, port representatives, managers of the region’s conservation units and teams from the municipalities of Paranaguá and Morretes. TCP’s institutional superintendent, Allan Chiang, explains that this is a conditional project of the Term of Commitment signed between TCP and Paranaguá City Hall. “We seek to strengthen socio-environmental actions and stimulate academic research. The work carried out by UFPR is one of them, as it brings sustainable solutions to local problems, which benefits not only the port network but the entire community. The landslides are examples of how the Jacareí River and the other basins of the Serra do Mar can impact the life of the coastal community. We seek to encourage the analysis of these changes and how forest restoration can avoid this type of problem for society and nature”. The request of the Department of Environment of the city of Paranaguá occurred after landslides and the collapse of the bridge on BR-277 in March 2011. UFPR’s technical coordinator, geographer Marcelo Hung, explains that “in 24 hours, the basin received 8.5 times more sediment than would be produced in a year, according to a study by Otacílio, who is a researcher at LAGEAMB, UFPR. It was the largest precipitation event in the area, resulting in deaths and destruction of homes. The research brings solutions to landslides, which can bring more safety to the population and savings to public coffers “. Rodrigo Delonga, a forestry engineer at the secretariat, explains that in addition to the landslides, residents were left without treated water. “Due to the rupture of water intake pipes, there was a shortage of water for the population’s consumption. Because of all this destruction, it was essential to assess the region’s watersheds to prevent new cases like this from happening.” The result of the research carried out by the Laboratory of Geoprocessing and Environmental Studies (LAGEAMB) shows the advantages of forest restoration for the coastal community. “The stretch studied in the project encompasses the Atlantic Forest, which is similar throughout the Serra do Mar. This means that the research can provide solutions for other stretches of landslide, as was the case that occurred in November 2022, on BR-277, and generated blockages and congestion for several months”, says the geographer. The Jacareí River basin is part of the Paranaguá Estuarine Complex (CEP) and the Serra do Mar complex. With a total area of 40 km², the river divides the cities of Morretes and Paranaguá and is among those that provide the most sediment to the estuary. The basin was the main scenario of the research, which began in 2019 and was carried out in three phases. In the first, the researchers carried out several socioeconomic surveys and priority areas for environmental recovery and conservation and were supported by Envex Engenharia e Consultoria for monthly measurements and continuous monitoring in the region, which continued until the end of the research. From the second stage, the data were analyzed and a mathematical model was formulated to calculate the values of current and maintenance sediment production. The third stage includes the participation of economist Heitor Dellasta to analyze the results and the construction of two scenarios of changes in vegetation cover and land use: one with vegetation growth and the second without restoration and with the expansion of anthropogenic areas. For three years, the researchers compared these two scenarios. In the first case, they noticed that the growth of vegetation along the bed of the Jacareí River retained the sediments, not allowing them to follow to the end. The reduction was 24% in sediment production compared to what is released today. In contrast, the other scenario showed a 30% increase in sediment accumulation compared to the current stage. To remove this sediment, public agencies would spend approximately BRL 500,000 over 40 years. “Considering the period needed to build a mature forest, which is four decades for the Atlantic Forest biome, we analyzed the data collected and made a projection. We compared the two scenarios created, one with forest restoration and the other without, and we noticed that the cost for desilting was almost half a million reais more than if there had been an investment in restoring vegetation in the region”, explains Hung. LAGEAMB emphasizes that the financial savings that the preservation of the Atlantic Forest offers are much greater than those addressed in the research. According to Marcelo Hung, “there are other ecosystem services provided by forests, which were not financially calculated in the research, such as: climate regulation, pollination, air and water quality control and public supply. We consider that the savings from the reduction in de-silting is only 3% to 10% compared to all these topics I have mentioned. If you include the other factors, the figure is even higher.” Next steps for the community According to the forest engineer of the Paranaguá Environment Secretariat, the next steps will be to analyze the results for a possible forest restoration on the site. The proposal is also to replicate the results obtained in the research with other basins. Delonga states that “today’s event was fundamental for us to dialogue with other institutions that can participate in local projects in the region, such as the restoration of the Jacareí River or the application of new studies on the financial advantages of preserving the Serra do Mar for our coast”. Delonga explains that another advantage of the Jacareí Basin is that it is between two springs and can be used to supply communities. “But, for this, it is necessary to invest in care to reduce siltation in the region and this study will serve as a basis for this work”, he highlights.

The present invention provides a method, system, and a robot for the autonomous navigation through rows of plants or trees. The navigation system is based on built-in sensors instead of relying on GPS guidance. The sensors allow the system to define and navigate a bi-dimensional grid and make the robot capable of operating without human interaction, avoiding obstacles and collisions. This new system provides complete independence of GPS signal and opens the door to automation on crops where GPS (or other GNSS) technology cannot be permanently granted. A prototype has been tested under real conditions in vineyards placed in Spain and Portugal, with great results. Public demonstrations of the prototype have been done, and media material has been released. This technology has been developed by the researchers from the Agricultural Robotics Lab and a European Patent Application was submitted in July 2020 to protect the whole method, system and robot. The represented institution is looking for a collaboration that leads to commercial exploitation of the presented invention. Institution: Universidad Politécnica de Valencia Protection status: Patent application Contact: Miguel Estruch / firstname.lastname@example.org

What is traditional acupuncture? It is a healthcare system based on ancient principles which go back nearly two thousand years. It is a holistic system which believes that pain and illness are signs that the bodyQi is out of balance. The overall aim of acupuncture treatment, then, is to restore the body’s equilibrium. What makes this system so uniquely suited to modern life is that the physical, emotional and mental are seen as interdependent, and health can be affected by imbalances in any or all of these. Chinese diagnosis takes notice of all these aspects Traditional acupuncturists are trained to use subtle diagnostic techniques that have been developed and refined for centuries. The focus is on the individual, not their illness, and all the symptoms are seen in relation to each other. Each patient is unique; two people with the same western diagnosis may well receive different acupuncture treatment What can acupuncture treat? Whilst acupuncture is often associated with pain control, in the hands of a well-trained practitioner it has much broader applications. Acupuncture can be effective as the only treatment used, or as the support to other medical treatments The World Health Organization recognizes the use of acupuncture in the treatment of a wide range of medical problems, including: - Digestive disorders: gastritis and hyperacidity, spastic colon, constipation, diarrhoea. - Respiratory disorders: sinusitis, sore throat, bronchitis, asthma, recurrent chest infections. - Neurological and muscular disorders: neck pain,, frozen shoulder, tennis elbow, various forms of tendinitis, low back pain, sciatica, osteoarthritis. - Urinary, menstrual, and Reproductive problems. - Headaches : loss of energy : immune system disorders Acupuncture is particularly useful in resolving physical problems related to tension and stress and emotional conditions.

The satellite indices from UAH and RSS try to measure temperature in the lower troposphere by a very complicated process of deduction from microwaves emitted by oxygen. Recently, they indicate temperatures that are rising more slowly than surface measures. So they are popular with naysayers, who gloss over the fact that they are actually measuring (or attempting to measure) very different things. A prominent recent example was Ryan O'Hare, in the Daily Mail, headline: "2015 may NOT have been the hottest year on record after all: Satellite data shows temperatures were lower than first thought" Totally inaccurate, of course. Satellite temperatures do not contradict the surface record. They say (less reliably) something about the temperature in a different place. But this seems to be being worked up as the standard distraction from the 2015 record temperature. For last year's record, they tried Oh, but we can't be sure. This time the margin will be too great for that, so satellites will have to do. There is a WUWT post here which tries by comparison to suggest that surface temperatures are trending differently to troposphere, and are therefore wrong. It's one of many, and graphs like this crop up: I drew attention here to the huge adjustment that was made to UAH this year, in going from V5.6 to V6. In fact, the V6 plotted above is still in beta, and V5.6 is still maintained. So recently I restored it to the datasets that I collect and plot, and you can see it in the active plot. So I thought I would add V5.6 to this comparison. And sure enough, V5.6 is far closer to the surface measures than it is to V6 (or RSS). Below the fold is a snapshot, where the anomaly base is 1981-2010 for all: This is monthly data smoothed with a running 12-month mean. The land/ocean indices GISSlo and NOAAlo are very close. RSS and UAHv6 less so, but yes, clearly diverge from surface. But again, UAHV5.6 is much closer to the surface measure. Now it may be that there are good reasons why UAH made such a big change only a few months ago. But it's a very weak basis for saying that the surface measures are wrong. Of course, the greater weakness is that they are measuring different places. But if UAH sometimes agrees, sometimes not, it could hardly ever be a convincing counter. I find the "trendback" mode of that plot also revealing. This shows trends from a varying start, shown on the x-axis, to present. Now you can see that UAH V5.6 behaves very like the surface indices. V6 and RSS are different. There is an interesting aspect of that graph. At WUWT, Lord Monckton posts a monthly series on the Pause, allegedly of 18 years duration. At least, the series was monthly, but missed this month. It may expire. The "Pause" is measured where the green RSS trend plot first crosses the very faint zero trend line. You'll see that the crossing is now very brief, and with a couple more warm months, will go away. There is a second crossing near 2001, but that won't last long. So even by cherry-picking the least of the troposphere readings (and ignoring the actual surface), the "pause" will shrink, on that measure, to about seven years. That is, from an interval tilted by the 1998 El Nino, to one tilted by the 2010 version. Update. UAH V5.6 still shows 2015 as the third hottest year. The first of my plots shows why. The troposphere really is a different place. Temperatures respond very strongly to an El Nino event, but late, in the year following. That is when records are set. So 1998 and 2010 were hotter than 2015. They won't be hotter than 2016. Update See also Kevin's SKS article and comment

One of the problems that many people suffer from are allergies. The symptoms may vary from one individual to another therefore, it can be difficult to determine what is really going on behind the scenes. After all, there are so many different types of allergies that exist and sometimes, the allergen itself can be quite obscure. Allergy shots, sometimes referred to as immunotherapy, are a type of long-term treatment program that reduce symptoms for individuals who suffer from allergies. In some cases, it may be allergic asthma, and they might have a difficulty breathing if they are exposed to the allergen. In addition, they may find that they are suffering from specific allergies, such as those to a stinging insect bite or perhaps to pollen. In any case, some people may suffer from minor allergic symptoms, such as a runny nose or itchy eyes but others may have a more severe reaction, perhaps even anaphylaxis. Both adults and children can receive injections that help with allergies but in most cases, children who are under the age of five are not going to be recommended for this type of treatment. Sometimes they may have difficulties with the program that would not be as much of a problem for adults and the symptoms may be an issue. In addition, older adults who may be in line for this type of immunotherapy might have to be concerned over any other type of medical conditions they have, such as cardiac disease. It is always best to discuss everything with the doctor before you go forward with any type of medical treatment. New Patients can feel confident that CPD Integrated Healthcare can help with diagnosing many different allergies. The primary care providers and nurses on staff are there to help you feel better and to address any concerns that you may have about allergies or any other medical condition.

JANUARY 2009 REPORT In January we welcomed Mr Woods as our speaker who showed us slides of Narrow Gauge Steam Railways in East Germany. Under communism they were run as a public service and not for profit so many more of them survive there than in the British Isles. They are mainly found in mountainous areas such as the Hartz Mountains as they are able to negotiate sharper curves. There is a bit of a dispute over what constitutes narrow gauge. Some people say it is anything under standard gauge and others say it must be under 2 metres. When it comes to the worldwide standard gauge, four foot eight and a half inches, how did we come to fix on such an odd number? Well, how about this – The old horse drawn rail trucks used this width because that was the width of the axels on farm wagons. Farm wagons were built this way because that was the width of the ruts on the old long distant roads in England. Many of these roads were Roman and the ruts were originally made by Roman chariots. Imperial Roman war chariots were made just wide enough to accommodate the back ends of two war horses. The solid rocket boosters on the space shuttle were made by Thiokol at their factory in Utah. To get them to the launch site they had to go by rail, so their width was determined by the standard rail gauge, laid down 2000 years ago. Believe that if you may! V E Bines

Millennials, also known as Generation Y or Gen Y, are the demographic cohort following Generation X and preceding Generation Z. Researchers and popular media use the early 1980s as starting birth years and the mid-1990s to early 2000s as ending birth years, with the generation typically being defined as people born from 1981 to 1996. Most millennials are the children of baby boomers and older Generation X. In turn millennials are often the parents of Generation Alpha. Across the globe, young people have postponed marriage or living together as a couple. Millennials were born at a time of declining fertility rates around the world, and are having fewer children than their predecessors. Those in developing nations will continue to constitute the bulk of global population growth. In the deve

The persephone tattoo represents rebirth, transformation, and the duality of life and death. In greek mythology, persephone is the goddess of the underworld and the daughter of demeter. The tattoo can symbolize a personal journey of overcoming challenges and emerging stronger. It can also convey a connection to nature and the cycles of life. The persephone tattoo is often depicted with flowers, pomegranates, or the greek letter “psi,” which represents the goddess. The Mythical Origins Of Persephone Persephone, with her intriguing and captivating story, has become a popular choice for tattoo enthusiasts looking for meaningful designs. Rooted in greek mythology, the tale of persephone’s abduction by hades has captured the imagination of many. The symbolism of the pomegranate seeds, which sealed her fate, adds depth and complexity to the narrative. As the queen of the underworld, persephone holds immense power and represents transformation and resilience. Let’s dive deeper into the mythical origins of persephone and unravel the rich symbolism behind her story. The Tale Of Persephone’S Abduction By Hades: - Hades, god of the underworld, fell in love with persephone, daughter of demeter, goddess of agriculture and fertility. - One day, while persephone was picking flowers in a meadow, hades emerged from the underworld and abducted her. - Demeter was grief-stricken and searched the earth relentlessly for her daughter. In her despair, she neglected her duties, causing crops to wither and die. - Zeus, the king of the gods, intervened and struck a deal with hades. Persephone would spend six months of the year in the underworld and the remaining six months with demeter on earth. - The period when persephone is in the underworld corresponds to winter, symbolizing the barrenness of the earth, while her return signifies the arrival of spring and the rebirth of nature. The Symbolism Of The Pomegranate Seeds: - During her time in the underworld, persephone was tricked into eating pomegranate seeds. The act of consuming these seeds bound her to hades and ensured her return. - The pomegranate symbolizes fertility, abundance, and the cycle of life and death. Its many seeds represent the potential for new beginnings and the hidden depths within the underworld. - The consumption of the seeds highlights the transformative nature of persephone’s journey. She emerges from the darkness of the underworld to bring forth new life and growth on earth. Persephone As The Queen Of The Underworld: - As the queen of the underworld, persephone wields great power and holds a unique position in greek mythology. - She embodies the duality of life and death, representing the cyclical nature of existence and the balance between light and darkness. - Persephone’s story serves as a reminder of the strength and resilience found in the face of adversity. Her abduction and subsequent rise as queen illustrate the power of transformation and the ability to overcome challenges. By understanding the mythical origins of persephone and the symbolism imbued within her story, one can appreciate the depth and meaning behind persephone tattoos. Whether chosen as a symbol of strength, transformation, or the cyclical nature of life, this goddess and her tale continue to captivate and inspire. Exploring The Symbolic Meanings Of Persephone Tattoos Persephone tattoos have gained popularity in recent years, captivating tattoo enthusiasts with their rich symbolism and mesmerizing imagery. These tattoos serve as a beautiful tribute to the greek goddess persephone, and each design holds its own unique meaning. In this section, we will delve into the symbolic significance of persephone tattoos, exploring three intriguing aspects: persephone as a symbol of rebirth and transformation, persephone representing spring and fertility, and the duality of light and darkness within this goddess. Depicting Persephone As A Symbol Of Rebirth And Transformation: - Persephone’s story revolves around her journey into the underworld and subsequent emergence into the world above, symbolizing the cycle of life, death, and rebirth. - Tattoos depicting persephone’s transformation can showcase her emerging from the darkness, representing personal growth, resilience, and the ability to overcome challenges. - Symbolic elements like blooming flowers, butterflies, or phoenixes can be incorporated into these tattoos, accentuating the theme of rebirth and transformation. Persephone As A Representation Of Spring And Fertility: - Persephone is often associated with the bountiful arrival of spring, as her return from the underworld marks the revival of nature and the blossoming of flowers. - Spring-themed persephone tattoos can incorporate vibrant colors, delicate flora, and lively animals, evoking feelings of hope, rejuvenation, and the joy of new beginnings. - These tattoos can serve as a celebration of the cyclical nature of life, reminding us of the beauty and abundance that spring brings. Honoring Persephone’S Duality As Both Light And Darkness: - Persephone embodies a unique juxtaposition of light and darkness, as she is both the fertile goddess of spring and the queen of the underworld. - Tattoos capturing this duality can feature contrasting elements such as flowers and skulls, light and shadow, or even persephone herself in her dual roles. - These tattoos serve as a reminder that life contains both light and darkness, and embracing both sides is crucial for personal growth and understanding. Persephone tattoos offer a captivating way to express profound meanings and connect with the essence of this powerful goddess. Whether you choose to depict her rebirth and transformation, celebrate her association with spring and fertility, or honor her duality, these tattoos are a stunning testament to the rich symbolism and artistry that tattoo enthusiasts seek. Variations Of Persephone Tattoos Persephone tattoos are a popular choice among greek mythology enthusiasts and those drawn to the story of the goddess of the underworld. These tattoos often depict persephone in various ways, allowing for personal interpretation and creative expression. In this section, we will explore the different variations of persephone tattoos, including traditional depictions in greek art, modern interpretations and artistic styles, as well as incorporating other elements of greek mythology. Traditional Depictions Of Persephone In Greek Art: - Persephone is often portrayed as a young woman, adorned with a wreath of flowers on her head symbolizing springtime. - She is commonly depicted alongside hades, the god of the underworld, holding a pomegranate as a symbol of her time spent in the underworld. - Other traditional elements that may be included in the tattoo design are serpents, symbolizing the cycle of life and death, and the river styx, which separates the underworld from the mortal realm. Modern Interpretations And Artistic Styles: - With the freedom of creative interpretation, modern artists have taken liberties in portraying persephone in various artistic styles, such as realism, watercolor, minimalism, or even abstract. - Some tattoo artists add their own unique touches to the traditional symbolism, incorporating personal elements that reflect the wearer’s connection to persephone or their own story. - It is common to see persephone depicted as a powerful and independent figure, embodying themes of resilience, transformation, and rebirth. Incorporating Other Elements Of Greek Mythology: - Persephone’s story is intertwined with other greek mythological figures, and incorporating these elements into the tattoo design can add depth and meaning. - Popular choices include depicting persephone alongside her mother demeter, the goddess of agriculture and fertility, or with the god hermes, who guided her back to the mortal realm. - Additionally, symbols like the greek key pattern, laurel leaves, or the greek alphabet can be used to further enhance the overall design and tie it to the broader greek mythological context. By exploring the traditional depictions of persephone, embracing modern interpretations and artistic styles, as well as incorporating other elements of greek mythology, persephone tattoos offer a captivating way to honor this iconic figure and express personal symbolism. Whether you choose a traditional approach or opt for a more creative reinterpretation, these tattoos serve as a visual reminder of the enduring power and resilience embodied by persephone. Placement Considerations For Persephone Tattoos Persephone, the greek goddess of spring and the underworld, is a popular choice for tattoo designs due to her intriguing mythology. If you are considering getting a persephone tattoo, it’s important to carefully consider the placement of the design. The location of your tattoo can have a significant impact on its meaning and visibility. Here are some key considerations when it comes to choosing the right placement for your persephone tattoo: Choosing A Visible Or Hidden Location For The Tattoo - Visible placement: Opting for a visible location, such as the forearm or leg, allows for easy showcasing of your persephone tattoo. This can be a great choice if you want to proudly display the design and spark conversations about its meaning. - Hidden placement: On the other hand, choosing a hidden location like the ribs or back provides the option for a more secretive and personal tattoo. It allows you to keep the design more private and reveal it selectively to those you wish to share it with. How The Body’S Anatomy Can Influence The Design - Consider the shape and contours of your body: Depending on the natural lines and shape of your body, different tattoo placements may work better than others. You can use the body’s natural curves to enhance the flow and aesthetics of your persephone tattoo. - Size and scale: The size of the tattoo design is another factor to consider. Larger designs may require more space and a placement that offers enough canvas for the intricate details, whereas smaller designs can be incorporated into smaller areas like the wrist or ankle. Pairing Persephone Tattoos With Complementary Imagery - Flowers and nature: Given persephone’s association with spring and new life, incorporating floral elements into your tattoo design can enhance its symbolism. Roses, daisies, or other blooming flowers can add beauty and depth to your persephone tattoo. - Mythological symbols: Since persephone is part of greek mythology, consider pairing her image with other mythological symbols that resonate with you. This could include elements like serpents, pomegranates, or hades, the god of the underworld. Now that you’ve learned about the different considerations when it comes to persephone tattoo placement, you can make an informed decision that aligns with your personal style and the message you want to convey. No matter where you choose to place your persephone tattoo, make sure it speaks to your individuality and serves as a meaningful expression of your connection to greek mythology. Persephone Tattoos: Choosing Colors And Symbols Persephone, the greek goddess of spring and queen of the underworld, has long been a popular subject for tattoo enthusiasts. Her complex story and symbolic motifs make for beautiful and meaningful tattoo designs. If you’re considering a persephone tattoo, you’ll have plenty of options when it comes to choosing colors and symbols to incorporate into your design. Here are some key points to consider: Symbolic Colors And Their Meanings In Tattoo Art: - White: Represents purity, innocence, and the start of a new life. It can be used to depict persephone’s transformation from a young maiden to the queen of the underworld. - Green: Symbolizes growth, rebirth, and the spring season. This color is often associated with persephone’s role as the goddess of vegetation and fertility. - Black: Reflects mystery, depth, and the underworld. Adding black to your persephone tattoo can emphasize her connection to the realm of the dead and her role as hades’ wife. Infusing Personal Symbolism Into The Tattoo Design: - Choose elements that hold personal significance to you. For example, incorporating flowers that are meaningful to you can add a personal touch to the design. - Consider including symbolic imagery that represents other aspects of your life, such as animals or objects that hold personal meaning. Incorporating Other Elements Of Greek Mythology: - Explore the rich tapestry of greek mythology to find other elements that resonate with you. You could include symbols associated with other gods and goddesses, or mythical creatures like the phoenix or the serpent. - Use imagery that tells a story or captures the essence of persephone’s journey. Elements such as pomegranates, poppies, and the greek letter “δ” (delta) can all add depth and meaning to your tattoo design. Remember, when choosing colors and symbols for your persephone tattoo, it’s important to take the time to reflect on what resonates with you personally. By infusing your own symbolism and incorporating other elements of greek mythology, you can create a tattoo design that not only showcases your love for persephone but also tells a unique story that is deeply meaningful to you. Popular Persephone Tattoo Designs And Inspirations Persephone tattoos have gained immense popularity in the world of body art, attracting both mythology enthusiasts and those drawn to the powerful symbolism behind this greek goddess. Whether you’re captivated by persephone’s journey from the underworld to the land of the living or simply admire her strength and resilience, a persephone tattoo can serve as a meaningful and visually stunning expression of your personality and beliefs. We will explore some popular persephone tattoo designs and inspirations that showcase the diverse range of artistic interpretations. From traditional and neo-traditional tattoos to realistic portraits and floral motifs, there’s a persephone tattoo design for every individual seeking to embody the essence of this captivating goddess. Traditional And Neo-Traditional Persephone Tattoos: - Traditional persephone tattoos draw inspiration from classic tattoo art styles and are characterized by bold lines, vibrant colors, and a vintage aesthetic. These tattoos often feature persephone in a traditional greek attire, with flowing garments and symbols of her role as the queen of the underworld. - Neo-traditional persephone tattoos, on the other hand, incorporate modern elements and techniques while still paying homage to the traditional style. Artists may experiment with vivid color palettes, intricate linework, and additional decorative elements to create a unique and contemporary interpretation of persephone’s story. Realistic Portraits Of Persephone: - Realistic portraits of persephone capture the goddess in exquisite detail, highlighting her features, expressions, and emotions. These tattoos require a skilled artist who can expertly render persephone’s likeness, ensuring that every nuance of her character shines through in the tattoo. Realistic portraits of persephone are often accompanied by intricate background details, such as the underworld or blooming flowers, enhancing the storytelling aspect of the tattoo. Persephone Tattoos Combined With Floral Motifs: - Persephone’s connection to the changing seasons and her role as a goddess of fertility make floral motifs a popular choice for accompanying persephone tattoos. Flowers like pomegranate blossoms, lilies, roses, and daisies are often incorporated into the design, symbolizing persephone’s association with renewal, growth, and the cycles of life. These tattoos beautifully blend persephone’s mythological identity with the beauty and symbolism of nature. Whether you resonate with the timeless appeal of traditional tattoos, prefer the modern twist of neo-traditional designs, seek a lifelike portrayal of persephone’s essence, or wish to celebrate her connection to nature, there is a persephone tattoo design that can encapsulate both your personal style and the profound significance of persephone’s story. So, take your time to explore various design inspirations, collaborate with a skilled tattoo artist, and create a masterpiece on your own skin that truly reflects your admiration for this extraordinary greek goddess. Finding The Right Tattoo Artist For A Persephone Tattoo If you’re considering getting a persephone tattoo, finding the right tattoo artist is crucial to ensure a stunning and meaningful design. Your tattoo artist plays a significant role in bringing your vision to life, so it’s essential to research and vet potential artists before making a decision. Here are some key points to keep in mind when searching for the perfect tattoo artist: Researching And Vetting Tattoo Artists: - Conduct online research to find tattoo artists specializing in mythological or goddess-themed tattoos. - Read reviews and check ratings to gauge their reputation and customer satisfaction. - Look for artists who have experience and a strong portfolio related to persephone or mythological tattoos. - Seek recommendations from friends or acquaintances who have similar tattoos. Examining Portfolios For Style And Skill: - Take the time to closely examine the portfolios of different tattoo artists to get a sense of their artistic style and skill level. - Look for tattoos with intricate details, fine linework, and shading that resonate with you. - Pay attention to the artist’s ability to capture the essence of persephone, whether it’s through the portrayal of her character or symbolism associated with her story. Consulting With Potential Artists About The Design: - Schedule consultations with potential tattoo artists to discuss your persephone tattoo design in detail. - Present any reference images or ideas you have to ensure the artist understands your vision. - Ask the artist about their thoughts on incorporating specific elements that hold personal significance to you. - Discuss placement options, size, and whether you want a standalone persephone tattoo or a larger piece. By following these steps, you’ll be well on your way to finding a tattoo artist who can bring your persephone tattoo to life in the most captivating and meaningful way possible. Remember, taking the time to research, examine portfolios, and consult with potential artists will ultimately lead to a tattoo that you’ll cherish forever. Care And Maintenance For Persephone Tattoos Persephone tattoos are a popular choice among tattoo enthusiasts due to their rich symbolism and unique design. Derived from greek mythology, persephone represents the cycles of life, death, and rebirth. Getting a persephone tattoo is a way to commemorate personal transformation and growth. However, it’s essential to take proper care of your tattoo to ensure its clarity and longevity. In this section, we will cover the key aspects of caring for your persephone tattoo, including proper aftercare, protecting it from sun exposure, and touch-ups over time. Proper Tattoo Aftercare To Ensure Clarity And Longevity - Gently remove the bandage after 2-4 hours and clean the tattoo using a mild antibacterial soap. - Pat the area dry with a clean towel and apply a thin layer of fragrance-free, petroleum-based ointment to keep it moisturized. - Repeat the cleaning and moisturizing process 2-3 times a day for the first week, ensuring the tattoo remains clean and hydrated. - Avoid picking or scratching the tattoo, as it may lead to scarring or pigment loss. - Wear loose-fitting clothing to prevent friction and irritation on the tattooed area. - Stay away from swimming pools, saunas, and hot tubs during the healing process to prevent infection. - Protect your tattoo from prolonged sun exposure and avoid tanning beds until it is fully healed. Protecting The Tattoo From Sun Exposure And Fading - Apply a broad-spectrum sunscreen with at least spf 30 to your tattoo whenever it is exposed to the sun. - Reapply sunscreen every 2 hours or after swimming or sweating excessively. - Wear protective clothing, such as light-weight long sleeves or a hat, to shield your tattoo from direct sunlight. - Avoid exposing your tattoo to intense sunlight, especially during peak hours when the sun’s rays are the strongest. - Consider using a tattoo-specific sunscreen that is formulated to protect your ink from fading. - Regularly moisturize your tattoo to Frequently Asked Questions Of Persephone Tattoo Meaning What Is The Meaning Of A Persephone Tattoo? A persephone tattoo typically symbolizes the greek goddess of the underworld and spring growth. It represents transformation, rebirth, and the duality of life and death. What Does Persephone Symbolize In Greek Mythology? In greek mythology, persephone symbolizes the cycle of life and death. She was kidnapped by hades and became the queen of the underworld during the winter months, representing the dormant phase of nature. With her return to the earth, spring and growth are symbolized. Can A Persephone Tattoo Be Personalized? Yes, a persephone tattoo can be personalized by adding other symbols or elements that hold personal significance. You can incorporate flowers, animals, or other objects to enhance the meaning and express your own unique interpretation. Is A Persephone Tattoo Suitable For Both Men And Women? Yes, a persephone tattoo can be enjoyed and appreciated by people of all genders. The symbolism and meaning behind the tattoo can resonate with anyone seeking a connection to growth, transformation, or the exploration of life’s dualities. What Are Some Popular Tattoo Placements For A Persephone Design? Popular tattoo placements for a persephone design include the forearm, upper arm, shoulder blade, or back. These areas provide ample space to showcase the intricate details and symbolism of the goddess and can be easily displayed or hidden depending on personal preference. The persephone tattoo holds significant meanings that resonate with different individuals. As a symbol of transformation and duality, it can represent personal growth and resilience in overcoming life’s challenges. The connection to the greek myth of persephone adds a layer of depth to the tattoo, showcasing themes of rebirth, cycles, and the balance between darkness and light. Whether you choose to depict persephone as the queen of the underworld or as the goddess of vegetation, her enduring story and symbolism make for a captivating tattoo choice. The pomegranate and floral motifs associated with the persephone tattoo can further enhance its meaning, symbolizing abundance, fertility, and the complex nature of life itself. Ultimately, the persephone tattoo invites personal interpretation, allowing each individual to infuse their own unique story and symbolism into this timeless design. So, if you feel drawn to the captivating symbolism of persephone, don’t hesitate to embark on your own journey of inked transformation.

Candle oil is more commonly called kerosene or paraffin oil. The oil has been used to light lamps and candles since the 1800s and is still used in the modern world for those purposes, as well as to power space heaters and portable stoves. Candle oil is toxic when ingested, but harmless when burned. Because candle oil is so flammable, it is best to not store it in hot areas of the home or to smoke near it. This liquid is easy to dispose of whether unused or contaminated. Burn up any extra candle oil by leaving your lanterns on or getting replacement wicks. Keep windows open, and adequately ventilate the area where the oil-fed candle is burning, to dissipate the combustion byproducts. Call your local mechanic and ask whether it have a space heater than runs on kerosene. Deliver dirty kerosene to the mechanic, who might have a filter that can clean the kerosene enough for use. Take contaminated kerosene to your city or county government's hazardous-waste collection facility. Call the clerk's office and ask where the hazmat facility is. Get its phone number to find out when it's open. - Keep candle oil in a sealed contained when transporting it to a disposal facility. The oil could spill on you or something else, staining clothes or igniting near a flame. Matt Scheer began writing professionally in 2005. His work has appeared in "The Daily Texan" and "The New York Tribune." Scheer holds a B.A. in English and a B.A. in history, both from the University of Texas. He is also a certified Yoga teacher and Web designer.

Nothing ruins a ride quite like getting a flat, but you might be wondering whether the likelihood of a puncture is lower on a mountain bike compared to a road bike. Keep reading to find out which type of bike is most likely to get a flat and why. Here’s the Likelihood of Getting a Puncture on a Mountain Bike vs. a Road Bike: Mountain bike tires have thicker treads than road tires making it harder for sharp debris to pierce the inner tube. Additionally, mountain bike tires are inflated to lower pressures making them better at absorbing impact. With the correct tire setup, a mountain bike will typically get fewer punctures. Table of Contents Why Do Mountain Bikes Get Fewer Punctures than Road Bikes? Okay, the truth is I can’t tell you that you’ll definitely get less punctures on a mountain bike than you would on a road bike. What I can tell you is that mountain bike tires are thicker and more robust than road tires as they’re made to cope with the demands of off-road riding. On top of that, mountain bike tires are inflated to a considerably lower pressure than road bike tires making them more able to absorb impact. In order to explore why mountain bikes are, in theory, less likely to get a flat than road bikes, let’s take a look at the most common causes of punctures and compare the two: Punctures From Sharp Debris: Probably the most common cause of a puncture is riding over something sharp and nasty on the road or the trail. This can be anything from broken glass or thorns, to sharp jagged rocks. Of course, both types of bike are susceptible to riding over something sharp, but the treads of a mountain bike tire are much thicker than those found on road bikes. The thicker tread makes it harder for the debris to penetrate through to the tube, providing more protection to the inner tube. The other factor working in the mountain bikes’ favor is that mountain bike tires are typically inflated to 25psi – 50psi, compared to a typical road bike tire that is rated to 80psi – 120psi. The lower pressure means the tire is able to deform to a greater extent, effectively dampening the impact of the sharp object. Blowouts from Impact: Another common type of puncture occurs when an obstacle in the road or the trail causes a sudden impact on your tire. Think about potholes or tree roots – obstacles that aren’t necessarily sharp but cause a sudden jolt. When you hit an obstacle like this, your tire compresses. This compression momentarily reduces the volume of your tire causing the pressure to increase. If the pressure increase exceeds the maximum pressure rating of your tire it will rupture. This type of puncture is typically very sudden and aggressive as all of the air is expelled immediately. You can easily find yourself in a heap on the floor following a blowout. Mountain bike tires are more able to absorb the impact of a pothole or tree root, as their lower pressure means the tire can deform over the obstacle without exceeding the max pressure rating of the tire. The majority of mountain bikes also have suspension to absorb this type of impact, whereas road bikes rely purely on compression of the tire to absorb the blow. This combination of lower tire pressures and suspension makes mountain bikes far less susceptible to blowouts than road bikes. Pinch flats occur when an impact on the tire from an obstacle causes the inner tube to be pinched against the wheel rim. This type of flat is usually a result of riding without enough air in the tires. When a tire is under-inflated, hitting an obstacle is more likely to deform the tire to the extent that the tube is pinched between the tread and the wheel rim. Admittedly, this type of puncture is just as likely to happen on a mountain bike as on a road bike. That said, pinch flats can be avoided on any type of bike simply by sufficiently inflating the tires. The Likelihood of a Puncture Is Also Dependent on the Terrain: Mountain bikes are designed to absorb the impact of riding over rocks, tree roots, and even heavy landings from jumps. Compared to road bikes which are designed for speed and optimized for efficiency of energy transfer, it’s easy to jump to the conclusion that a road bike will get more flats. However, things aren’t quite that simple. Whilst it’s true that a road bike is more likely to get a flat than a mountain bike riding on the exact same terrain, this assumption is not true to reality. In reality, whilst a road bike is flying along smooth roads a mountain bike could be hitting jumps, navigating technical rock gardens, or shredding an unkempt trail. Therefore, a mountain biker is more likely to encounter sharp rocks, thorns, drop-offs, and other puncture hazards. There’s also the major element of luck to consider. How Can You Reduce Your Chances of a Puncture (Regardless of the Type of Bike You Ride)? Whether you ride a road bike or a mountain bike, here’s a list of things you can do to reduce your chances of a flat: Pick Your Line The absolute best way to avoid a puncture is to avoid an obstacle in the first place. It’s not always possible of course but if you do have time to react, try and ride around the pothole or thorn-laden branch. Check Your Tire Pressure Check your tire pressure before each ride to make sure you’re within the recommended psi range for your specific tire. This will massively reduce your chances of a pinch flat. If you’re unsure what psi you should be aiming for, check around the sidewall of your tire. It’s typically written there. Inspect Your Tires Inspect your tires before and after (and ideally during!) every ride. Sometimes a piece of glass or a thorn will get stuck in your tread but won’t result in a puncture straight away. Over time it will penetrate deeper until eventually it pierces your inner tube and leaves you with a flat. Remove anything stuck in your tread as soon as you spot it. If you catch it in time you can prevent it! Puncture Proof Tires Regardless of the type of bike you ride, it’s worth investing in a set of tires with puncture protection, such as Kevlar belted tires.

Born in rural Goa in 1876, Dharmanand Damodar Kosambi (not to be confused with his equally brilliant son Damodar Dharmanand) came under the spell of the Buddha’s teachings during his adolescence. As described in his long autobiographical memoir, at an early age he set off on an incredible journey of austere self-training across the length and breadth of Britain’s Indian Empire, halting to educate himself at places connected with Buddhism. His sojourns included living in Sri Lanka to master Pali, in a cave in Burma, and in some viharas of North India - begging for his food all the way - as well as in Nepal and Sikkim which he reached after arduous, sometimes barefoot, treks. During these itinerant years Dharmanand acquired such mastery of the Pali Tipitaka that he was variously appointed to teach and do research at Calcutta, Fergusson Collage, Baroda, Harvard, and Leningrad. His Bhagwan Buddha (1940) remains to this day the most widely-read account of the Buddha’s life in Marathi. Two of his other great achievements were his editions of the Visuddhimaga and of the Subhasitaratanakosa which he did together with V. V. Gokhale. My own teacher, Ven. Matiwella Sangharatana, knew D. D. quite well and I distinctly recall him saying that he was one of the few Indian Buddhists he knew ‘who could think’ which might be a bit unfair. As a thinker Dharmanand blended Buddhist ethics, Mahatma Gandhi’s philosophy of truth and non-violence, and the ideals of socialism. He exchanged letters with the Mahatma, worked for his causes, and most extraordinarily, ended his life in the traditional Jain manner by voluntary starving himself to death at Sevagram ashram in 1947. The process took 30 days. Arguably, no Indian scholar’s life has been as exemplary as Dharmanand’s, or has approximated as closely the nobility and saintliness of the Mahatma’s. Despite his mastery of several languages, Dharmanand chose to write mainly in Marathi because of his strong region-specific commitment. Consequently, very few today even in India are familiar with his copious output in Buddhist studies, and fewer still with his contribution to social and political thought. By translating and marshalling his most significant writings, Meera Kosambi, shows the manifold dimensions of Dharmanand’s personality, and the profoundly moral character of his intellectual journeys. Her Introduction also contextualizes the life, career, and achievement of modern India’s greatest scholar-savants. The book includes for the first time a translation of Kosambi’s long autobiographical essay Nivedan.

According to estimates provided by the World Health Organization (WHO), between 80,000 and 180,000 healthcare personnel have lost their lives all around the world as a result of COVID-19. Many fatalities have been among those providing direct patient care, and others have suffered the loss of friends and coworkers. They are angels and heroes in this big disaster with stethoscope. A Brief History of Stethoscope The stethoscope was invented by René Laennec in Paris in 1816 at the Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital. It was a monophonic instrument constructed from a wooden tube. Laennec invented the stethoscope because he was apprehensive about putting his ear directly on a woman’s chest to hear her heartbeat. According to his research, paper rolls may enhance heart sounds without the requirement for physical contact. In reality, Laennec’s invention was virtually similar to the trumpet, commonly referred to as a “microphone” before it was invented. It was Laennec who termed his new invention the stethoscope (site tho-+-scope, “chest scope”), and he dubbed its use “mediate auscultation” since it was auscultation using a device that was put between the patient’s body and the doctor’s hearing. The combination of Stethoscope and Jewelry Because it is possible to personalize it spectacularly, this breathtaking piece of stethoscope jeweler is the perfect present for nurses, physicians, veterinary nurses, medical assistants, medical students, and anyone else who works in the medical area. More specifically, the stethoscope earrings are one of the most popular and most liked jewelers amongst healthcare workers. Heroic Stories of Healthcare Workers in COVID-19 Four staff from the Mayo Clinic are featured in an exciting video interview produced by the Post Bulletin. In the interview, the employees talk about their experiences caring for COVID patients on the front lines. The four people who work in healthcare — two nurses, a paramedic, and a respiratory therapist — share stories that range from horrifying to encouraging during their careers. Amy Spitzer, a critical care nurse who works in an intensive care unit with patients who have COVID-19, recalls moving from one hospital room to the next and noticing that all of the rooms were occupied by patients who were in a severe state. She remarked, “I’ve never experienced this time in my life before.” “I hope that this upsurge will end very soon. And there is no longer any need for us to deal with this problem. “Traci Kokke, an infectious diseases nurse, specializing in monoclonal antibody therapy, couldn’t contain her joy when she witnessed a patient’s recovery after getting the treatment. Andrew Torres, an emergency paramedic for the Mayo Clinic, avoids going to the homes of people who live further out than his immediate neighborhood. However, he acknowledges that it will be challenging “because those things helped you reset.” Despite the strains that are now being placed on them, the medical staff at Mayo continue to lean on one another for support, just as their colleagues elsewhere in the business do. A respiratory therapist, Desiree Cogswell, observed, “We are a family.” We are gathered here to be of service to one another. Because we are all aware of what one another is going through, we are placing a significant amount of our trust in one another during this time. These stethoscope earring studs were designed for physicians, surgeons, and other medical professionals in recognition that their whole careers are devoted to ensuring that the rest of us remain healthy. They are one-of-a-kind pieces of jewelry that will be given to the recipient. THE MOST TRADITIONAL PRESENTS the stethoscope earring comes in a gift box appropriate for jeweler purchases, making it the ideal present for a nurse, doctor, or medical student. An excellent present for women of all ages and relationships, including moms, wives, children, closest friends, and sisters. The perfect present for anniversaries, birthdays, Christmas, graduations, Mother’s Day, Valentine’s Day, and Nurse’s Day, amongst other events and holidays. You can find the best-selling stethoscope earrings at YFN.

As the high country snowmelt finds its way downward, and the waterfalls of Yosemite go from a trickle to a torrent in their plunge to the valley floor, a mystical (or shall we say mist-ical) phenomenon arises ““ the Yosemite moonbow. Created by the rays of the moon instead of the sun, a moonbow occurs when light refracts in water droplets such as those rising from the thunderous mist at the base of Yosemite National Park’s unrivaled waterfalls. John Muir compared the moonbow to a religious experience, describing it as a “grand arc of color, glowing in mild, shapely beauty.” While the phenomenon is thrilling to behold, it also proves elusive. The conditions must be perfect, and for this reason, the Yosemite Moonbow inspires a legion of passionate pilgrims. Indeed, a worthy challenge for visitors seeking a once-in-a-lifetime experience. A Heaping of Moonlight, A Splash of Water, A Puff of Wind Moonbows are no accident. It’s physics at work, conditions are key, and with a bit of preparation visitors to Yosemite National Park can greatly increase the odds of an unforgettable encounter. Here’s the recipe for success: - a full, or nearly full, moon low over the horizon (an angle of 42 degrees or lower) - a clear, optimally dark, sky - mist from a majestic waterfall gushing with spring snowmelt (April-June) - a swirling wind (optional, though it can enhance the effect) With the growing popularity of moonbow hunting, some experts have refined their predictions for the best viewing. The calculations take into account a number of factors and can be incredibly helpful, but not the be-all-end-all. Whether one of these elusive phenoms is captured or not, a nighttime quest in one of the world’s preeminent national parks is indeed its own reward. For a visual guide to seeing the moonbows in Yosemite, watch the Yosemite Nature Notes video below. Seeing Is Believing Moonbows can appear different when viewed with the naked eye. Those with excellent night vision can sometimes make out a faint spectrum of color, while most see a luminescent arc of whiteness spanning the mist. Though both are evocative, photography is the only fool-proof way to capture this ephemeral subject and for this reason dedicated photographers mark their calendars, gear up and strike out for their favorite waterfall. The results are self-evident all lead to one-of-a-kind shots, not to mention tales of Yosemite after-dark for those back home who want to know how it all magically came to pass. There are countless online tips on how to snap the perfect image (shutter speeds, ISO, etc.), but of course, beauty is in the eye of the beholder. A few pointers, however, remain consistent when chasing moonbows. Bring a camera “” film or digital “” capable of manual focus and long exposures in low light settings, as well as a tripod to hold it steady. Bring a cloth to wipe mist off the lens, and a plastic bag to cover your camera. Remember to turn off your flash and, finally, be considerate of other photographers around you. The experience can be quite social, and good neighbors are more likely to become good friends and make a more enjoyable experience for everyone! Yosemite Moonbow Guide With one of the greatest concentrations of world-class waterfalls, Yosemite National Park offers lots of choices when it comes to picking a destination that matches your determination and fitness level. Whether it’s a three-mile, three-thousand-foot climb to Upper Yosemite Falls , or a car ride to Glacier Point, the excitement of exploring in the near-dark is both a dare and an opportunity. Forest shadows playing tricks, nocturnal sounds amplified without the competition of cars or crowds, not to mention careful footsteps which allow us to savor the distinct scents of damp moss and conifers. Setting out with only a flashlight to guide your way can be daunting, yes, but the reward is worth the effort. Here are a few of those world-class choices: Bridalveil Fall: an easy .5 mile round-trip hike with minimal elevation gain, this is the first waterfall visitors encounter when entering Yosemite Valley. The fall plunges 620 feet and is often windswept, which enhances the moonbow experience. Lower Yosemite Fall: an easy 1-mile loop with minimal elevation gain, the footbridge at the base of Lower Yosemite Fall is one of the most accessible “” and popular “” vantage points in the Park for moonbows. There is lots of spray from its 320-foot drop so bring your waterproof shell and towels/bags to protect your camera. Columbia Rock/Upper Yosemite Fall: one of Yosemite’s oldest trails, this strenuous 7.2-mile round-trip climb gains 2,700 feet to the top of the falls, but stop at the 2.5-mile mark (.5 miles past Columbia Rock) for a spectacular view of North America’s tallest waterfall (2,425 feet). Cook’s Meadow: a bullseye for viewing all of the surrounding splendor, Cook’s Meadow begins at the Yosemite Valley Visitor Center and is a flat 1-mile loop providing a great vantage for moonbows at Yosemite Falls. A popular spot. The Mist Trail (Vernal and Nevada Falls): a busy destination by day, The Mist Trail is little used at night. It covers a strenuous 5.4 miles round-trip and gains 2,000 feet to the top of Nevada Falls via a granite staircase. For an easier approach, the footbridge at the base of Vernal Fall is a moderate 1.6 miles round-trip accessed by a paved trail. The Mist Trail is aptly named for the waterfall mist that can blanket the trail, particularly in spring, so bring your shell and protection for your camera. Glacier Point: an hour’s drive from Yosemite Valley, this paved vista is like looking down from heaven. With sweeping daytime views of Yosemite Falls, Half Dome and the High Country, Glacier Point is a staple of any Park visit yet moonbow sightings from this location can require patience. First, the access: Glacier Point Road re-opens in spring, typically late May to June which is when moonbows are at their peak. In addition, there’s a shorter nightly window for viewing as Yosemite Falls is farther away and thus the moonbow moves more quickly. But don’t give up! Photos here can be unrivaled with a little planning and if the stars align! Ribbon Fall: though there isn’t a well-established trail, intrepid moonbow hunters might consider the base of elegant Ribbon Fall. At 1,612 feet, it’s the longest single-drop waterfall in North America but is often overshadowed by nearby Bridalveil and Yosemite Falls. The “trail” is strenuous “” 5 miles round-trip with an elevation gain of 1,160 feet “” and requires scrambling in sections. Ribbon Fall is fed purely by snowmelt and therefore its flow is seasonal, often drying up by mid-June. GPS and daylight scouting are definitely recommended. Wapama Falls (Hetch Hetchy): this 5-mile round-trip hike starts at the O’Shaughnessy Dam on the Hetch Hetchy Reservoir and crosses several footbridges on its way to the impressive 1,000-foot-plus waterfall. In Spring, the wildflowers here are an added bonus. The Entrance Station leading to Hetch Hetchy Valley is seasonal (roughly corresponding with daylight hours) so plan your visit accordingly, i.e. an overnight stay in this peaceful corner of Yosemite National Park. Whichever waterfall inspires you, moonbow hunters should always be prepared. Some essential gear to remember: layers, including a waterproof shell; hiking shoes with grip (the mist leaves the granite slippery); flashlight/headlamp with extra batteries; trail snacks; a thermos of your favorite hot beverage and a portable camp chair. If you’re heading off-the-beaten-path, it’s a good idea to scout your location during daylight if at all possible. If it’s tried-and-true, be sure to arrive early in order to set up. Most of all, after the sun sets and the crowds have disappeared, enjoy the most peaceful after-party ever “” Yosemite at night. As William Shakespeare wrote: The moon shines bright: in such a night as this, When the sweet wind did gently kiss the trees Like the Park itself, such a simple splendor. Happy moonbow hunting.

In 2001, a killer whale was found stranded in the River Mersey. Rob Deaville of the UK Cetacean Strandings Investigation Programme (CSIP) looks at the issue of killer whale strandings on the UK coast, and how research has identified why they may be facing extinction in European waters. I manage the UK Cetacean Strandings Investigation Programme (CSIP), a collaborative Defra funded research programme that investigates stranded cetaceans (whales, dolphins and porpoises) at post-mortem, to try to learn more about the threats they face in UK waters. A killer whale stranding in Liverpool On 9 October 2001, my colleagues and I received a call that would lead to an interesting few days out for the strandings project. A killer whale (Orcinus orca) had been reported dead stranded on a sandbank in the River Mersey, so we immediately got our kit together and set off from ZSL towards Liverpool. On the way to Liverpool, the situation became more complicated. The whale had stranded on a sandbank that could only be accessed at low tide and the location and deep mud made it next to impossible to get to by boat. In addition, it had stranded opposite John Lennon airport and we had to gain permission to examine the body, because of the possibility that birds might feed on the opened carcass and the concern that this could then pose an increased bird strike issue to planes taking off or landing. It took most of the day to iron out these problems, so we weren’t able to access the body until the day after our arrival in Liverpool. So early the next morning, we found ourselves hiring a helicopter from a bemused representative of a charter company, to fly our team out to the sandbank and drop us off whilst we carried out the post-mortem examination. In this time, we’d also been joined by CSIP colleagues from Marine Environmental Monitoring in Wales and the Natural History Museum, so we had a pretty big team at the stranding location. The challenges of examining a stranding Although it was a clear and crisp day, conditions were very difficult out there. The deep mud on the exposed expanse made it hard to stand still for long in one spot, without the risk of sinking into the mud and having to help extricate each other. Over the course of the next two hours, we all worked quickly, to ensure that as complete an examination as possible could be carried out, before the tide started coming back in and the helicopter returned to take us back to the shore. We found that the whale was a 5.9m long adult male that appeared to be thin and had no evidence of recent feeding. Some of the pathological findings, together with the location of the body well within the Mersey, indicted that it had probably stranded alive and this was likely to be the proximal or immediate cause of death. The teeth were markedly worn and one tooth was loose with a large associated abscess in the surrounding tissue. The worn teeth suggested that the whale might have been an aged individual. The cause of death was therefore judged to be due to the live stranding and was probably linked to the poor nutritional condition (starvation) and possibly also to the presumed relative age of the animal. Why was this killer whale stranding so important to examine? So why is this important beyond the gung ho description of helicopter rides and trying not to get stuck on sandbanks and why did we go to such lengths to examine the body? Although there have been several other strandings of killer whales in Scotland since 2001, this was the last time that a dead killer whale stranded in England or Wales. Today, a paper has been published in the journal Scientific Reports, describing one of the world's largest datasets of marine contaminants in cetaceans. It details data on levels of PCBs (polychlorinated biphenyls) in the blubber of more than 1000 stranded or biopsied cetaceans. We found that the blubber of killer whales, bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) and striped dolphins (Stenella coeruleoalba) in Europe contain some of the highest concentrations of PCBs ever recorded. Some populations of killer whales in European waters may therefore be facing extinction as a result of the impact from these lingering toxic chemicals, which have been banned since the 1980s. Post mortem examinations like the one described above are largely responsible for such research, which has global significance for the killer whale. Although these are sobering findings, it’s vitally important that we continue to learn as much as we can about this issue, to help inform future policy decisions and hopefully help improve the long term conservation status of these iconic marine predators. Climate change and human activity have pushed our precious planet to its limit, causing the devastating loss of so many habitats and species. From lab to field, hands on and behind the scenes, we’re leading the future of conservation, shaping agendas and influencing change to support better life, health and living for people and wildlife.

An Accurate Thermometer is First Line of Defense in Preventing a Measles Epidemic Thermometers are Must-Pack Items for Summer Travel Before they zip up the duffle bag or shut the suitcase, parents across the country have one more thing to pack before they head off for vacation this summer: an accurate thermometer. Reported measles epidemic cases have exceeded 1,000 in the first six months of 2019 — the highest number in more than a quarter century, according to the most recent Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The total number of measles cases in the U.S. has grown to 1,095, which is the highest since 1992, where there were 2,200 cases nationwide, and cases have been reported in 28 states. Concerns center around both local and international travel. Those who travel internationally can contract the disease abroad, bring it back and then spread it to unvaccinated people in their community. Health officials urge caution with children attending summer camps and families in high attendance attraction areas like amusement parks, national parks and recreation centers. Even increased socializing at neighborhood or community events can heighten exposure and risk of an outbreak. According to Mayo Clinic, the first sign of measles can be a high, sudden fever. The disease also typically starts with a cough, runny nose, red eyes and a sore throat, followed by a reddish-brown rash. Measles can cause serious complications, such as pneumonia or encephalitis, and even death. Some people are at greater risk for complications, including infants, young children, people with compromised immune systems, and pregnant women. “The key to successfully preventing any kind of medical outbreak like this is through awareness, education and timely medical action, particularly in the case of vulnerable infants and young children,” said Francesco Pompei, Ph.D., CEO of Exergen. Corporation, manufacturers of the Exergen Temporal Scanner. “Measles, like other contagious diseases, usually start with a sudden, high fever, so it’s critical to have a thermometer you can trust on hand, both at home and with you if you are traveling. If your child seems sick and has a fever, keep them away from others and call your doctor immediately.” For more information on enjoying a safe summer vacation, visit the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Plan for Travel and Measles Outbreak Page.

We envision that every child and young person in India would have the opportunity for holistic education which means that each learner would get access to good academic opportunities, a chance for social and emotional development, and become responsible and ethical global citizens. To create Inclusive & vibrant learning spaces To take measures that improve learning outcomes To implement programmes that engage children and youth in community action. To Enable children to become creative designers / developers of innovative solution through the use of technology. Enable civic rights and responsibilities; Global citizenship. Use of academics and modern technology tools Diksha’s work revolve around three themes: Creating incusive and vibrant learning spaces- In doing so, we give a chance to an individual to develop their self esteem. We believe in improvising the physical and experiential aspects of classrooms.. With this, children build relationships with others, children also learn about inclusive values. Reverence for life- Reverence for life explains how we must give the same care and respect to others that we wish for ourselves. Creativity and Innovation To effectively break out of the poverty cycle, children and youth from underprivileged communities need access to and build comfort with new kinds of technologies. We are equipping children with technological tools so that they not only learn how to access digital tools as consumers but they also become equal participants in creating technology through programming and other tools. Our Future Plan There are very few organizations in the education sector of Bihar, who are approaching learning and knowledge creation from Diksha’s lens/strategic mindset. Many of the ideas we want to implement are cutting edge, even in western countries. Hence, it is important to contextualize our initiatives and implement them on-ground through projects. KHEL Learning Center In the second decade of our KHEL centers, we will focus on creating our Centres as model learning centres for Bihar. We plan to introduce new teaching-learning methods to make our center inclusive and democratic. The annual outreach of the center will be expanded to 550 children and youth per year. We will create a balance between our programs for youth and children, as many of our alumni would need guidance as they become young adults. Our centres currently work out of small rented premises; we will be raising resources to build eco-friendly KHEL center equipped with modern technology as well as sustainable architecture elements. Total annual outreach of 3500 children in the period 2020-2027. community action and service learning projects Diksha’s approach to education has an active component of responsibility towards the community and the larger society. In 2019, we actively engaged youth from colleges and slum communities to spread awareness on health, hygiene, and safety issues. We plan to further our community work with projects that help youth and children living in low-income settlements. By 2027 we plan to cover 20 major slum communities of Patna under our public education and awareness campaigns. english and hindi lamguage program We are initiating a partnership with the US Embassy to implement the English Access program. In the next three years, we will be training 200 undergraduate level youth through this program. We will also be working on improving both English and Hindi learning outcomes in Government schools and low-cost private schools. In the first three years, we will target primary classes, reaching out to 30 schools for English and Hindi Language programs. In the second phase, we will reach a total of 80 primary and middle schools. We will source the curriculum by evaluating Eklavya, Vidya Bhawan, Rishi Valley Schools, and Digantar. child right and gender education Youngsters in Bihar remain vulnerable to child abuse and sexual abuse. We have initiated some work in this regard with PANTS sessions in schools to help children understand how to be safe and share with their guardian/teachers if they encounter any abusive behaviour. We plan to conduct these sessions in 720 schools by 2027. school improvement program To fulfil Diksha’s agenda of holistic education, it is imperative to develop school leadership and formulate whole-school programs. Diksha worked with SRB Alok School, Gangagarh Village, Bulandshahr, in a multi-year project from 2010 to 2016. The learning from that project and experience from Diksha’s learning centres would be used to design a school improvement program. Schools as Learning Organizations framework developed by Peter Senge, MIT, USA, and Leadership for Learning framework developed by John Macbeath, Cambridge University, UK, will be evaluated as India’s IT industry makes a significant contribution to the Gross Domestic Product of the country. However, Bihar did not benefit directly from the IT revolution. Our interest is helping our students becoming digitally empowered so that they become creators of technology. We will set up ten maker-spaces in Bihar where the child would learn fabrication, the Internet of Things, and associated concepts using Raspberry Pi computer. We will use the Code Club modules developed by the Raspberry Pi Foundation for this initiative. The government of India has supported the establishment of ATL Tinkering Labs in schools; we recently conducted life skill sessions in schools running ATL Lab in Bihar. inclusive school projects Most schools lack the basic infrastructure necessary to make them accessible to physically disabled students, mental disability is misunderstood, and the state as a whole has virtually no expertise in addressing learning disabilities. Given this context, we have initiated Project Alive- an inclusive education project, our goal is that each student should be treated fairly and equally by the teachers. The Index for Inclusion is a manual developed by Prof Tony Booth, Cambridge University, UK and Mel Ainscow, University of Manchester, UK. The Index helps in creating inclusive skills through dialogue and capacity building of teachers. The targeted outreach for Index is 35 schools by 2027. ignite ideas labs Diksha has been a member of the Honey Bee Network since 2011. We are fortunate to have Prof Anil Gupta, Founder, Honey Bee Network and Faculty, Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad, as our Mentor. From 2011 to 2018, we reached out to over 60000 children organizing Ignite creativity contests in schools of different districts in Bihar. In the next phase, we plan to redesign the Ignite initiative to set up innovation clubs in schools, organizing workshops, and training for 14000 children in the next seven years. civic education and global citizenship Diksha works with children from vulnerable communities. At one level, they need knowledge and insight about their rights and responsibilities as citizens of India. At another level, they are also most vulnerable to the effects of global issues like climate change and environmental degradation. Since 2016, we have been working with Commutiny the Youth Collective to implement Jagrik Samvidhan Live, civic education, and global citizenship experiential learning module. The objective is to teach students public values and develop responsible citizens. We plan to reach out to 21000 children with Jagrik and other innovative civic learning projects in the next seven years. social emotional and ethical Diksha’s idea of education does not confine to literacy alone. Our endeavor is to offer children opportunities to develop their emotional intelligence(EQ) and train them to become responsible and ethical human beings. To further this agenda, we plan to teach Social Emotional & Ethical learning skills to children in 40 government and low-cost private schools. By the year 2025, we will create a resource hub at Patna so that the SEE Learning program is implemented at a broader scale in different schools of Bihar. INTENSIVE TOUR TO KOLKATA Intensive sessions are important opportunities to practice English language skills, build teams, and gain confidence. Students enjoy these opportunities to take learning outside of the confines of the school room. Intensive Sessions also tend to be the time when the strongest memories of the Access Program are made and friendships are cultivated. We will do a cross cultural Access program collaborating with Kolkata, Guwahati, Shillong and Dhaka in this coming quarter IT’s CELEBRATION TIME The upcoming quarter comprises of a number of festivities such as Navratri, Diwali, and the most awaited festival of Bihar- Chhath. While the month of Novemebr will be dedicated to SEE learning and KHAN Academy sessions, we will end the year with welcoming santa and bidding adieu to 2022. “Education is not the learning of facts, but the training of mind to think”

Plasma lipoproteins (VLDL, LDL, Lp[a] and HDL) function primarily in lipid transport among tissues and organs. However, cumulative evidence suggests that lipoproteins may also prevent bacterial, viral and parasitic infections and are therefore a component of innate immunity. Lipoproteins can also detoxify lipopolysaccharide and lipoteichoic acid. Infections can induce oxidation of LDL, and oxLDL in turn plays important anti-infective roles and protects against endotoxin-induced tissue damage. There is also evidence that apo(a) is protective against pathogens. Taken together, the evidence suggests that it might be valuable to introduce the concept that plasma lipoproteins belong in the realm of host immune response.

Conclusion: No indications for effectiveness A systematic review by Chalmers et al. (2004) concluded that for pool covers to be effective they need to be put in place when pools are not in use, which in practice may not always occur (Wintemute, 1992). Furthermore, in the case of covers designed to float on the surface of a pool, such as thermal blankets, the risk of undetected submersion may actually be increased (Harborview Injury Prevention and Research Centre, 1997; Sulkes and van der Jagt, 1990). It is argued that a toddler enticed onto a floating cover, by the appearance of a solid surface, may fall and become submerged beneath the cover. A UK based study (Norris et al, 1994) concludes that the floating, heat retaining covers used on the majority of UK domestic pools possibly add to the intrinsic risks of a swimming pool. Winter debris covers, although appearing to seal the pool and considered by the majority of owners to make pools safer, were shown to allow children relatively easy access under the cover. In line with Chalmers et al. and Norris et al, WHO guidelines on safe recreational use of swimming pools (2006) also conclude that pool covers have not been shown to be reliable preventive measures for very young children. In fact, the guidelines state, pool covers may themselves contribute to drowning - if they are not strong enough to hold the child's weight, the child could slip under the cover and be trapped by it, or the child could drown in small puddles of water formed on their surface. In addition, covers may delay the discovery of a drowning victim. A recent technical report (Weiss et al, 2010) found no formal studies demonstrating the effectiveness of pool covers to prevent drowning in children. It concludes that retractable pool covers and pool nets capable of holding the weight of a child must be removed and replaced each time the pool is used and are not likely to be used appropriately and consistently. Because there has been no scientific study regarding the efficacy of pool covers, they cannot be recommended as a substitute for isolation fencing. Conclusion on effectiveness: pool covers are no effective measure in preventing children in drowning, some types of pool covers actually present a hazard for children; some indications of potential danger. Recommendations (for research & practice) For policy and practice WHO guidelines (2006): To prevent entrapment, it is recommended that the velocity of water flowing from the pool through outlets should not exceed 0.5 m/s and there should be a minimum of two outlets to each suction line. Also, outlets should be sized and located such that they cannot be blocked by the body of a single bather. Grilles in outlets should have gaps of less than 8 mm. In addition, pools and hot tubs should not be used if any of the covers are missing, unsecured or damaged. Policy statement of American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP, 2010): Data regarding the value of pool covers are lacking. Although data are lacking, families can be advised to consider rigid pool covers as additional layers of protection; however, pool covers are no substitute for adequate fencing. It is important to note that some types of pool covers, such as thin plastic solar covers, should not be used as a means of protection, because children may try to walk on the cover, fall into the pool, and be hidden from the view. The U.S. Consumer Product safety Commission (2009) states that power safety covers over the pool may be used as an alternative to door alarms. A power safety cover is a motor powered barrier that can be placed over the water area. Motor-driven covers easily open and close over the pool. When the power safety cover is properly in place over the pool, it provides a high level of safety for children under 5 years old by inhibiting their access to the water. A power safety cover should meet the requirements of the ASTM pool cover standard that addresses labeling requirements and performance. ASTM requires that a cover withstands the weight of two adults and a child to allow a rescue should an individual fall onto the cover. The standard also requires quick removal of water from the cover, as a young child can drown in just inches of water. Gunatilaka et al (2004) searched the United States patent database and fould several inventions that attempt to overcome the danger of pool covers that cannot support a person's weight. These include pool covers that can support a person falling on them, a rising inflatable pool cover, an edge retainer for a floating pool cover that would prevent a child who falls or steps on the cover from falling into the water, and a pool cover made of strong lightweight panels. For further research Evidence review examining structural housing deficiencies, involving factors related to construction, design, installation, and lack of monitoring or maintenance, found that pool covers were interventions in need of formative research, both in efficacy and design (Jacobs et al, 2009; Di Guiseppi et al., 2010). Review Date: 10/06/2011 Articles (reviews) and reports were included that were published between 1990 and 2010, in English and Dutch. The outcomes of the study were reviewed by the Dutch Consumer Safety Institute. Strategy: An online literature search was performed by a researcher of the Consumer Safety Institute and after this a more thorough search was performed by the documentation centre of CSI (Catalog CenV, Pubmed, Injury lit, Google, Websites, 'Grey' literature). Results of each search were compared on differences and potential missed studies were added. First the titles and then abstracts were scanned in order to include relevant studies. In the case of insufficient information obtained from abstracts the full text articles were obtained. Relevant articles were scrutinized and background documents were created. In addition, relevant references of included articles were checked on new and relevant articles (i.e., snowball search). The outcomes of the study were reviewed by an expert in the field of child safety in the summer of 2011. Technical report : prevention of drowning (version 1.0) Jeffrey Weiss (2010) A survey of inventions aimed at preventing drowning : study report (version 1.0) Ajith Gunatilaka, Joan Ozanne-Smith (2004) The design and safety of swimming pool covers (version 1.0) Beverly Norris, John R. Wilson (1994) Policy statement - prevention of drowning (version 1.1) Committee on injury, violence, and poison prevention (2010) How to plan for the unexpected : preventing child drownings (version 1.0) U.S. CPSC (0) Housing interventions and health : a review of the evidence (version 1.0) David E. Jacobs, Andrea Baeder (2009) Drowning, near-drowning and other water-related injury : literature review and analysis of national injury data : report to accident compensation corporation (version 1.0) David Chalmers, Brownwen McNoe, Shaun Stephenson, ... [et al.] (2004) Guidelines for safe recreational water environments : volume 1. coastal and fresh-waters (version 1.0) Housing interventions and control of injury-related structural deficiencies : a review of the evidence (version 1.0) Carolyn DiGuiseppi, David E. Jacobs, Kieran J. Phelan ...[et al.] (2010)

Fine grey volcanic dust billowed upwards in seething clouds which drifted slowly like dry ice poured onto the stage for theatrical effect. Just occasionally a breeze came swirling over the plain to whisk the dust away and reveal string after string of trudging wildebeest, plodding in unbroken chains, maybe ten abreast, past my vehicle. For a few seconds the lowing antelope, grey as the dust itself, were visible and then the wind fell away and the ash particles rolled up once more to hide the migrating mass. Tanzania’s Serengeti Plains are a vast sea of grass. Trees won’t grow here for the soil is too thin and so the grass holds sway, broken only now and then by fists of bedrock punched upwards to form fertile islands in this rolling ocean. It was from one of these rocky strongholds known as kopjes that I witnessed what I had come to see – probably the greatest migration in the world, the famous movement of wildebeest in the Serengeti-Mara system. Britain, a small island with an equable climate, does not have large migrations of mammals although we are familiar with migratory birds which appear like magic in the spring having flown thousands of miles, often from far south of the equator. But there are major mammal migrations elsewhere – reindeer in Lapland (Finnmark) and their equivalent, caribou in Canada, zebra in and around Savuti in Botswana, various species in the Kalahari Desert and, of course, the apocryphal lemmings. Most move in response to climate changes which ultimately control their food and thus their survival. But while many of these migrations are simply a direct movement from one place to another as the year passes and the seasons change, the wildebeest migration is much more complex than that. These animals are rarely in one place for very long and so it has no proper beginning and no end, but is a continuous process. In late January and early February the females produce their calves on the short grass plains in the south of the Serengeti. This is a well synchronised operation so that there are literally thousands of young calves around at the same time. The so-called short grass plains are specifically chosen calving grounds for that very reason. Animals that flock or herd rarely hide. Instead, by choosing an open area, they can spot approaching predators and use the combined protection of thousands of pairs of eyes to spot danger. Wildebeest calves are charming creatures. Chestnut brown and with large eyes and long, dark lashes they are programmed to react to stimuli rather than to think. They have to respond instantly if they are to survive and the second the herd takes to its heels, they must run too. There is no time to look for mum, the calf just follows the first moving object. Obviously this strategy works or wildebeest would have become extinct years ago but sometimes there are glitches. Youngsters become separated and wander off by themselves. I once came across two calves in an open woodland strung out along a dried up watercourse. They were in cool shade and well hidden here but the nearest wildebeest herd was now many miles away. Disorientated they began to follow my vehicle until I was able to shake them off. It would have been a surprise to me if they had survived the night. Some passing hyena would surely have put an end to them. For the local lions and hyenas, cheetahs, jackals and vultures, wildebeest calving is time to party. Food is abundant and they become round as barrels and plump as bolsters. Lions, when we found them, mostly lay buried deep in the cool shade of reeds close to water and were even less active than usual. The males of coalitions slumped together, manes tangled with thorn twigs, while lionesses could barely summon the energy to lift an irritated paw and bat away playful cubs which pestered them more than the flies. Hyenas were massed in the largest clans I had ever seen – I counted one of 22 members – as clearly this was the place to be. Even they lay bloated with plenty, often half in and half out of cooling water and glutinous mud. While the living may be easier, don’t get the wrong impression; the prey does not stand around waiting to be gobbled up and the predators do not have it all their own way. Young wildebeest can run from three minutes of birth and keep up with the herd within two days. The adults are no slouches. They have remarkable stamina, not only to migrate long distances, but also to flee from predators for several kilometres without flagging. The predators do become very fit though and I watched a cheetah hunt where, remarkably, the animal had sufficient energy and enough choice to hunt a second time within a few minutes of failing the first. It was a moment of high excitement as the cat, which had previously looked like a gatepost planted in the Serengeti as it haughtily surveyed the scene, abruptly flattened itself into the grass. It had all the colour and thickness of a doormat so that it almost disappeared. The tension was palpable as strings of wildebeest trundled past his unseen form – cow, calf, cow, calf – and then the cat launched himself, jet-propelled, dust exploding from every footfall, a streak of golden buff, black spots blurring. The chosen calf swung through the column, which was now running, and galloped in a tight circle back into line. The cheetah gave up and flopped into the grass and, amazingly, the wildebeest continued to file by. A few hundred later, the cat had caught his breath and this time there was no error. He nailed lunch in a matter of moments, suffocating it under the noses of the passing column. But, while wildebeest are nomadic, their predators are tied to territories and so, luckily for the antelope, it is impossible for every Serengeti lion and hyena to converge on the short grass plains and the residents can eat only a certain number of calves. They make full use of this time of plenty, for their numbers are controlled by the leaner months during the rest of the year. Thousands of calves survive to join the herd for their long convoluted trek northwards. At first, quite literally, they chase the rains, apparently smelling moisture on the breeze and moving to feed on the fresh green grass which springs from the desiccated ground. They do this throughout the months of March, April and May, slowly and almost imperceptibly drifting northwards from the area between the Moru Kopjes and the Gol Mountains until they find themselves north of Seronera for the rut in June. This is another spectacular time as thousands of bulls try to collect and hold as many cows as possible over a three week period. The noise is incredible as the males call, fight and chase in a frenzy of mating. Then, almost abruptly, it is over. Now the herd splits into two and travels rapidly north to make the dramatic and much-filmed river crossings in August. Once again there is safety in numbers. If the animals crossed individually, the crocodiles could grab them one at a time. As it is, the wildebeest take the river by storm, pausing tentatively on the bank and then pouring over in huge groups. The crocodiles get their fill no doubt, some wildebeest get killed in the crush but the majority reach the far bank to catch the short rains in the Mara. Here the Kenyan predators cash in but luckily they cannot store meat to see them through the rest of the year. By late October their bush supermarket is fresh out of wildebeest as the herds make the hazardous crossing once more and head south, reaching the short grass plains by late December in time for the calving. Not every wildebeest which dies falls foul to predators. Just occasionally one will keel over for some inexplicable reason and simply become a dead body out on the plains. I came across one of these antelope freshly dead from causes unknown, and set the clock going and sat back to see what would happen. Within 20 minutes the first white-backed vultures arrived, floating in on broad wings, legs outstretched to come to a standstill several metres from the carcass. Vultures are nothing if not suspicious. But, after a few tentative approaches, one began to peck cautiously at the antelope’s upper lip. There was no reaction and the bird got bolder. The minute it stepped nearer, all of its fellows, who had been hanging back, fell on the wildebeest in a hissing, writhing mass, each one tearing at the animal wherever it could. But these vultures can only cope with the soft parts, lacking the strength to tear through skin. No matter, the circling tower of stacked scavengers had attracted the attention of three passing hyenas who came loping in to take their share, driving the vultures off with a noise like an old tarpaulin being shaken in the wind. It would not be long before only bones would remain. Wildebeest, it seems, are everybody’s breakfast. No wonder they keep on the move! When to go: As wildebeest tend to follow rain, timing a visit to coincide with reasonable accessibility can be difficult. The Serengeti during the rains is sometimes impassable – it may be better to catch the last of the calving, to time your visit for the rut (June) or, if you are very lucky, one of the river crossings (August). Seek advice from a specialist tour operator. Health and safety: It is recommended that you have jabs against yellow fever, typhoid, tetanus and hepatitis A and it is essential that you take anti-malarial tablets. Wear a hat and sun cream and take insect repellent. Get the very best of Wanderlust by signing up to our newsletters, full of travel inspiration, fun quizzes, exciting competitions and exclusive offers.

What are the different types of CB radios? There are two different types of CB radio systems which you will come across. AM/SSB (single side band) is an old standard and is no longer in widespread use. UHF FM is the newer standard and is what you are most likely want to use. These two standards cannot talk to each other. What is UHF CB? UHF (Ultra High Frequency) CB is the newest and by far the most common CB radio system. UHF CB operates in the 477Mhz band and can talk to any other UHF CB radio, regardless of manufacturer. There are either 40 or 80 channels available on UHF CB, depending on the type of radio you purchase. UHF CB supports a number of features which are not supported by AM CB, such as: - CTCSS (Continuous Tone Coded Squelch System) - DCS (Digital Coded Squelch) - Duplex/Repeater Functionality What is AM/SSB CB? AM CB is the older CB radio system and is no longer in regular use. AM CB operates in the 27Mhz band and, like UHF CB, can talk to any other AM CB radio regardless of manufacturer. AM CB has 40 available channels. AM CB radio has a few advantages over UHF CB, namely that it can “skip” – ie, some AM CB signals can travel over the horizon. This allows it better range than UHF CB in some scenarios, however this range is not reliable and should not be counted on for long distance communication.

What Is a Certificate of Deposit (CD)? In the United States, a certificate of deposit (CD) is a time deposit sold by banks, thrift organisations, and credit unions. CDs differ from savings accounts in that they have a particular, limited term before cash can be transferred without penalty and typically have greater interest rates. The bank anticipates that the CDs will be held until maturity, at which point they will be withdrawn and the interest paid. CDs are insured in the United States by the FDIC (Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation) for banks and the National Credit Union Administration (NCUA) for credit unions. Institutions often give greater interest rates in exchange for the consumer depositing money for an established duration than they do on banks that customers can take from on demand, although this may not be applicable in an inverted yield curve situation. Fixed rates are normal, however some institutions provide CDs with variable rates in various forms. Interest rates were predicted to climb in mid-2004, therefore several credit unions and banks begin offering CDs that included a “bump-up” provision. These allow for a single interest rate modification at a point of the the customer’s choosing during the certificate of deposit duration. CDs indexed to the stock market, debt market, or other indexes are occasionally introduced by financial organisations. Features of Certificate of Deposit Here are some key characteristics of CDs, as well as how they contrast to other financial vehicles. - A greater amount of interest should or may be paid on a larger principal. - Except in the case of a yield curve that is inverted (e.g., preceding a recession), a longer period normally earns an interest rate that is greater. - Personal CD accounts typically earn higher rates of interest than commercial certificate of deposit accounts. - According to the Income Tax Act, it is fully taxable. - Credit unions and banks that do not have FDIC or NCUA insurance usually offer higher interest rates. - CDs issued by SCBs have a term span of three months to 1 year, whereas certificate of deposit issued by institutions of finance have a term length ranging from a year to 3 years. - Selected financial institutions (SCBs) and All-India banking institutions issue certificates of deposit. Cooperative banks and Regional Rural Banks (RRBs) are not permitted to issue certificate of deposit. - Smaller organisations typically provide greater rates of interest than larger institutions. - CDs in dematerialised form, like dematerialised securities, can be transferred via endorsement or delivery. - In India, certificates of deposit can be granted for a minimum investment of one lakh rupees or in multiples of that amount. - A document that serves as proof of deposit has no lock-in term. Terms and conditions for Certificate of Deposits The federally mandated “Truth in Savings” pamphlet, or another disclosure document outlining the CD’s provisions, must be made available prior to purchase. Employees of the organisation are generally unaware of this knowledge, and only a written record carries legal weight. If the primary issuing institutions has merged with a different institution, or if the purchaser closes the CD early, or if there is another issue, the purchaser must refer to the conditions of the purchase document to ensure that his or her withdrawal is processed in accordance with the original contract terms. - The conditions of use are subject to change. They may include text like “We as a can add to, remove from, or make any additional modifications (“Changes”) we desire to these Conditions at any time.” - The CD could be called. The provisions of the CD may stipulate that the financial institution or credit union may close it before the term expires. - Interest is paid. Interest can be payed out as it accumulates or left in the CD. - Interest is calculated. The CD may begin earning interest on the initial day of deposit or at the beginning of the following month or quarter. - The right to postpone withdrawals. To prevent a bank run, institutions typically have the authority to postpone withdrawals for a set period of time. - Withdrawal of principal. It is possible that the financial institution will decide. Withdrawal on principal below a particular minimum or any transfer of principle at all may necessitate termination of the entire CD. A US Individual Retired Account certificate of deposit may allow departure of IRA Required Maximum Distributions without a departure penalty. - Interest withdrawal. It may be restricted to the current installment of interest or allow withdrawal of the total interest accumulated since the CD first opened. Interest can be calculated from the date of withdrawals or from the end of the previous month or quarter. - Early withdrawal incurs a penalty. It could be quantified in months of interest, computed as the institution’s current price of replenishing the money, or another calculation. The principal may or may not be reduced for example, if the principal withdraws within three months after establishing a certificate of deposit to avoid a six-month punishment. - Fees. A fee for withdrawal or closure, or for providing a certified check, may be specified. - Renewal on its own. The financial company might or might not choose to provide a notice prior to automated rollover at CD expiration. Before immediately changing across the CD to a fresh CD upon maturity, the institution may designate a grace period. Certain financial institutions have been documented to renew CDs at lower rates than the original. Advantages & Disadvantages of Certificate of Deposits - The terms and quantities that can be invested into a certificate of deposit are both adaptable. If you do not want to lock up the cash for an extended period of time, you may easily select for a shorter period of time.When a CD term expires, you can renew it or begin a new one. - CDs purchased from a federally insured institution are typically protected up to $250,000. This removes a significant portion of the risk from the investment. - Because CD holders are not permitted to withdraw funds as freely as deposit account participants, a CD is frequently more important to the banking institution. As a result, the interest rate paid to CD holders is higher than that of a regular savings account. - Different financial organisations provide CDs with varying maturities and durations. Investors can select a certificate of deposit that matches their specific demands due to the variety of CDs available. - The shareholder can be confident of receiving a particular yield at a particular moment in time. Even if interest rates in the broader economy fall, the certificate of deposit price will remain unchanged. You will be able to simply calculate the rate that your balance will grow, making financial planning simple. - The invested sum has been parked for the desired term, and withdrawal is only possible with a penalty. As a result, it has limited liquidity. - Banks renew CD interest rates if the owner cannot decide whatever to do with the aged amount, and the new rate of interest may be lower than that of other investment possibilities. - Because CD interest rates are not linked to the level of inflation, the purchasing power of money may fall as inflation rises. Which is better: a Certificate of Deposit or a Fixed Deposit ? A Certificate of Deposit is a deal with a bank to deposit a specific sum for a specified length of time. The financial institution will pay interests on the deposited sum on this. The deposit amount is likewise limited or frozen for the term specified. This is an investment that is open to negotiation. A Fixed Deposit (FD), on the other hand, is a sort of investment option offered by banks and other financial institutions that are not banks. When compared to a standard savings account, the device offers a greater percentage of return to the investor. This cannot be freely negotiated. The choice between a Certificate of Deposit and a Fixed Deposit is determined by the investor’s financial goals. assessing the risk and anticipated returns, one should contact with their financial consultant to determine which strategy will best complement their investment. While Certificates of Deposit provide high interest rates and are investments with little risk, there are several factors to consider before investing, including the fact that Certificates of Deposit are not totally liquid, as well as the hazards of early withdrawal penalties and inflation. In a similar vein fixed deposits are a safe investment, but they are susceptible to inflation risks, the interest on FDs may not be tax-free, and not all FDs may be easily liquidated.

Jessica Reemeyer is a PhD candidate at McGill University looking at the ecophysiology of imperiled Canadian fishes. I Googled “ecophysiology” for you and found out it’s how the environment interacts with the physiology of living things. So Jess is saving fishes. Detecting fishes and their environment Jessica’s setup comprises a Raspberry Pi Zero W with our High Quality Camera, as well as sensors for dissolved oxygen and temperature. It records fish presence and environmental variables in different habitats. Jessica has tested the equipment in locations across a small channel near Lake Huron, which is nestled between Toronto in Canada and Detroit in the US. The ultimate goal of her research is to create habitat occupancy models in the area. These would tell us the population limit for threatened species of fish. This research is focused on the effects of environmental change on freshwater fishes in Canada. And Jessica explains that she’s a fan of our affordable kit: “I got my start working with Raspberry Pi when my Master’s thesis advisor instructed me to find a way to build a dissolved oxygen controller for our laboratory experiments where we were holding fish at different oxygen levels to see how it affected their physiology. I had not worked with electronics previously but browsing the web brought me to the Raspberry Pi website where I was able to learn how to get started working with hardware and programming in Python.” What do threatened species need? Now, for her PhD research, she is using Raspberry Pi Zero W along with our HQ Cameras to observe fishes in their natural habitat. Cameras are placed in the Old Ausable Channel of Lake Huron, a freshwater channel that spans 14 kilometres through Pinery Provincial Park in Ontario, Canada. The channel is home to many fish species that are federally listed as being at risk. Jessica and her team are interested in learning more about the habitat requirements of these fishes — in particular, how variation in temperature and dissolved oxygen affect where they live. Non-invasive monitoring with Raspberry Pi Previously, to study where a fish species lives, you usually had to invade different habitats and catch the fish either with nets or by electrofishing. Unfortunately, this requires capturing, handling, and identifying the fish as they are caught. Another possibility is to tag fish with transmitters that allow you to track them; however, you can only do this with fish that are large enough to support the tags. Jessica found an alternative to these methods using Raspberry Pi cameras to detect fish in situ. These get a good look at the habitat, recording characteristics like water depth and vegetation, without disturbing the animals too much. The cameras are connected to Raspberry Pi Zero W boards which run dissolved oxygen and temperature sensors. The Zero Ws relay data each time the cameras record a video, so that researchers can relate the sensor readings to the time the videos are recorded. Using Raspberry Pi hardware for this project cut equipment costs significantly. It also allowed Jessica’s team to tailor their software more closely to the needs of their project. For underwater camera trapping, researchers often use GoPro cameras, which generally manage less than thirty minutes of video recording before the battery dies. Jessica’s bespoke Raspberry Pi setup meant she could record at a significantly reduced frame rate to save on memory. She was also able to use a larger battery that allowed her to deploy the cameras for up to a week. Your job sounds amazing to us, Jess. And we love that canine field assistant of yours.

Disabilities come in all forms and most employees don’t realize that many of their colleagues have a condition that qualifies them as disabled in some way. Organizations can create a positive work environment and culture that brings out the best in their fellow team members with or without disabilities by creating a work atmosphere that fosters creativity, cooperation, trust and respect. Especially a respect and acknowledgement for what people can accomplish for the good of the team. As with anything that differs from what might be regarded as “normal”, employees do not typically want to disclose a disabling condition for fear they might be judged or not presented with the same opportunities as their co-workers. Therefore, their condition may remain invisible. A secret, if they can. But first, let’s get to the fundamentals, especially the language we use and the thinking that goes with it. People, who have a disabling condition, have a condition. They are not the condition. For example, many people regard a person with blindness as a blind person. But blindness, like many other conditions, is a matter of degrees. Even a person with complete sight loss, might still have sufficiently acute perceptions to be able to navigate freely in public places. So we would say that they HAVE a visual impairment – not that they are a blind person. Deafness too is a gradient scale, but of hearing. Additionally, we would certainly never say a person who has cancer is cancerous any more than we should say a person with diabetes is a diabetic. And watch what you say. “Blind as a bat” is an old colloquialism which was never really true – bats “see” using a means other than their eyes to swoop in on mosquitos in full flight. And “deaf and dumb” likewise was never really true – deafness has nothing to do with a person’s intelligence. A good friend of mine is nearing completion of her PhD in Biology, yet she has severe hearing loss at times. Organizations can ensure that employees with disabilities feel comfortable disclosing their disability and coming to work each day by removing the barriers of judgment, stereotypes and mistrust that may exist. A tense environment can impact a team member’s involvement in daily tasks or their loyalty to the organization, eventually resulting in decreased productivity. Creating an inclusive and trusting culture opens up opportunities for collaboration and creates a sense of mutual respect among co-workers. Here are a few tips to help you ensure you’re treating your colleagues with the upmost respect and creating an ideal workplace for employees with disabilities. - While it’s a no brainer, communicating with your team is important in all aspects of the workplace, but it’s also important how you go about it. For example, if you see a coworker with a hearing aid, don’t start yelling at them. Raising your voice introduces emotions that you may not intend and they will most certainly feel those emotions emanating from you. Speak as you normally would until asked by that person for clarification. - Employees working with someone who is visually impaired should treat them like any other person they might encounter and be willing to help, if asked. - Co-workers might have a myriad of other conditions that you know nothing about and for which you are completely unprepared. Your inquiry about such a condition should be limited to the kinds of questions you might ask if a person had a big wart on the end of their nose – leave it alone, don’t draw attention to it. It’s embarrassing to them to have it, so if the wart isn’t affecting their work, then let it be. - If working with someone who uses a wheelchair, make no assumptions. There are many conditions for which the use of a wheelchair is elective. The old phrase “wheelchair bound” is often no longer applicable. A person with a broken leg often uses a wheelchair for a few days or weeks, but is certainly not “wheelchair bound,” as is the case for someone with new prosthetics. And when communicating with them, follow common courtesies – get eye level – pull up a chair. - At certain times, a colleague with a disability may need assistance in performing physical tasks or something job-related. Again, assume nothing. But if asked for help, be ready to lend a hand. Without judgment, inquiry, or asking for reasons. Do it, lift the box and move on. - People who have a disabling condition often have devices or even animals to aid them in bringing the universe around them into equilibrium with their limitations. These items are an extension of the person themselves – much like an arm or a leg. Leave it alone. And if it’s an animal, let the animal do its job without interruption. Respect is key. - Don’t be surprised to learn that many of the people I describe here are as determined to succeed as you are, or perhaps more so. Many have acquired their condition as an adult, so they have known success – in school, in society, in careers. And many are so determined that they are resolved to not let a little “condition” get in the way of reaching their goals. Having a disabling condition changes your perspective on life, sometimes in an instant. Every single person on Earth is literally one nanosecond from acquiring a disabling condition – be it from an accident, or a genetic anomaly. But for many, does not change your ability to perform quality work. Peak Performers has been successfully employing people with disabilities for more than 20 years for the State of Texas and we’ve seen our employees excel in many challenging environments. First and foremost it has been our absence of judgment – an extension of trust and confidence that has enabled our entire team to flourish. Limitations are an inherent part of this universe, but as humans, we have the power to overcome – even people with “conditions.” About the Author: The author’s name is Charlie Graham. Charlie Graham is the founder and CEO of Peak Performers, a nonprofit staffing agency headquartered in Austin, Texas. Over the last 20 years, Charlie has led Peak Performers to employ and transition thousands of people who have disabilities into family wage jobs in and around Central Texas, increasing opportunities for individual professional growth and economic prosperity. To learn more about Peak Performers, visit: www.peakperformers.org.

Unions have a decision to make: organize or die. It’s that simple. These are the only two options now that the Supreme Court announced it would hear the case “Friedrichs v. California Teacher Association.” The court intends to take aim at the head of organized labor by ruling against the California Teachers Association, and in the process fundamentally change labor law in a way that would cripple public sector unions, the last bastion of significant social power in the U.S. labor movement. If the public sector unions are destroyed, the private sector and building trades will be targeted next, as the devastation in Wisconsin proved. Although the Supreme Court is expected to be anti-union, there is still time to change the Court’s mind. The Supreme Court is like any other political organization: it is incredibly sensitive to public sentiment and flexed social power. For example, gay marriage wouldn’t be legal today if not for the boldness, tenacity and mobilization of the LGBTQ movement. The labor movement has much to learn from this experience. Like labor unions today, gay marriage wasn’t very popular too long ago. But activists fought like hell to change public opinion and display their power, winning their rights in the process. Most unions on the other hand seem terrified of their own power. Instead of acting boldly and mobilizing, unions stay passive and quiet, and consequently their members often feel powerless. But there is inherent power in a union that waits to express itself. For example, the national movement for a $15 minimum wage was started by unions, and unions helped lead the successful campaigns for a $15 minimum wage in Seattle, San Francisco, and Los Angeles. Such victories weren’t conceivable two years ago, but unions finally flexed their muscles and won big. Unions also acted boldly in opposing the Trans Pacific Partnership (TPP), Obama’s free trade deal that is certain to lower wages in the U.S while favoring corporate profits. Unions helped educate millions of people about the TPP and threatened politicians who voted “yes,” causing a crisis in Congress in the process. And while the TPP may still pass, unions have promised the politicians who voted for “fast track authority” that they will be unemployed after the next election. The “fight for $15” and the anti-TPP organizing are just small examples of what unions are capable of. And more action is needed, now. The Supreme Court will decide on the future of the union movement in the fall. The clock is ticking. All unions should create action plans now, which should address two fundamental questions: 1) how to better engage and represent their members 2) how to better engage the community, especially by fighting for and winning issues important to union and non-union workers. If unions successfully engage their members and their community nationally, the Supreme Court will likely think twice. And even if the Supreme Court does rule against unions, the blow will be deflected by this organizing, serving only to spur more pro-union action. Below are some suggestions that unions can adopt to engage the community and their members. Other ideas may be better for different unions. The important thing is that unions have a plan and act, now! – Hold community town halls about what unions are, how to organize one, and the impending Supreme Court decision. Invite local politicians and insist that they become public champions against the Supreme Court decision. – Have events in the union hall that are open to the community. Allow neighborhood and community groups to use the union hall for meetings or events. – Fight for good union contracts. Educate members about the importance of organizing a credible strike threat to win a good contract (here are “strike school” materials created by SEIU 1021 that may help). – Fight for and win a $15 minimum wage for all workers, which will also serve to strengthen the bargaining hand of all workers who make over $15. In states where there are voter ballot initiatives unions should aim for a statewide minimum wage of $15. Unions in Seattle, San Francisco, and Los Angeles have won a $15 minimum wage; and now people in those cities are much more “pro union.” Unions who have members that make under $15 should demand $15 for a base wage in the next contract negotiations while asking for community support of the campaign, as unions have done in Portland, OR and elsewhere. – Fight for and win rent control for communities facing exorbitant rents, which is nearly every city in the country. Working people in general will be won over to the union cause if they see organized labor fighting for affordable rent for all. Unions should be fighting for ANY important issue to a particular community, especially since rank – and – file union members are also members of that community. – Create member-run union committees whose mission is to educate and build community within the union. Give members control over what the committee does, and give union resources to the committee. Some possible activities may include: “member appreciation” for the whole family; a BBQ at a park, union education workshops, movie screenings at the union hall, happy hour, etc. – Give support and coordinate with the Black Lives Matter movement. There is tremendous energy across the nation that unions must organize with and support. Many of the issues most immediate to African Americans are often issues directly connected to the labor movement. Martin Luther King , Jr.once remarked at an AFL-CIO convention: “Our needs are identical with labor’s needs: decent wages, fair working conditions, livable housing, old-age security, health and welfare measures,… the duality of interests of labor and Negroes makes any crisis which lacerates you, a crisis from which we bleed.” This quote gets to the heart of the matter. MLK understood that the very existence of strong unions is a counterbalance to the giant power of corporations and the wealthy that oppress African Americans as well as other minorities, the poor, and working people in general. MLK knew and appreciated the significance of unions being the only organization of working people that was organized and sufficiently resourced to protect broader layers of working people. There are many unions across the country that have taken MLK’s words to heart, enabling them to create strong connections with their communities. One excellent example is SEIU 1021 in northern California. Local 1021 led the campaign for a $15 minimum wage in San Francisco, and also worked in a coalition to win the important “Retail Workers Bill of Rights”. Local 1021 has also taken a more aggressive attitude towards winning better contracts for its members by organizing strikes and focusing on education and internal organization. The important thing is that SEIU 1021 is trying new ways to strengthen their union and their union’s ties to the community. They are taking risks and acting boldly, something the national labor movement must do immediately. Some unions think that they must either focus on internal union representation, or focus on new organizing or community work. This is wrong. Unions must do it all, and it can only be done if members are either engaged in the work of the union, inspired by the work of the union, or connected to the union in some other way. Members must really feel like the union is “their union,” and the broader community should feel the same way. Although the above tasks seem gargantuan, there are no short cuts to saving the labor movement. If public sector unions are squashed , the remaining private sector unions will be scattered like ants and stomped. If unions are made relevant to their members and the community , they will again be immune to the threats of the wealthy and corporations, as they were in the decades following World War II when the union movement was made strong through collective action and fighting for all working people. The only way to win the allegiance of the broader community is to fight for issues important to them. In an era where tens of millions are experiencing a social crisis, unions can no longer rely on lobbying Democrats for half measures. A deeper change is being demanded everywhere. Given the seriousness of the situation, every union has a duty to its members to explain the significance of the upcoming Supreme Court decision, what can be done to prevent it, and to immediately prepare the ground for a more engaged, energetic, and relevant union movement.

International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research A Widely Indexed Open Access Peer Reviewed Multidisciplinary Bi-monthly Scholarly International Journal Plagiarism is checked by the leading plagiarism checker Volume 6 Issue 2 Phonemic Awareness Strategies in Teaching Reading in Kindergarten |Phonemic Awareness is not as new to the field of literacy as some may think, although it is only in recent years that it has gained attention. For over 50 years, discussions have continued regarding the relationship between a child’s awareness of the sounds of spoken words and his or her ability to read. The research deals with the teacher’s effectiveness in using phonemic awareness strategies to teach kindergarten reading. The study used a questionnaire as the main instrument in gathering data; total enumeration and descriptive research were employed. The participants were 50 kindergarten teachers from La Trinidad, Benguet. The study showed the effect of strategies and utilization of the strategies along the variables. It can be said that teaching in kindergarten requires a strong ability of teachers to process the features of reading to accommodate the learner's different levels of phonemic awareness. However, many challenges will need to be addressed while they do this in the process. |phonemic awareness, strategies, competencies, utilization, letter recognition, letter sound production, blending sounds. |Sociology > Education |Volume 6, Issue 1, January-February 2024 |Phonemic Awareness Strategies in Teaching Reading in Kindergarten - Leilani Unos-Estole - IJFMR Volume 6, Issue 1, January-February 2024. DOI 10.36948/ijfmr.2024.v06i01.12997 CrossRef DOI is assigned to each research paper published in our journal. IJFMR DOI prefix is All research papers published on this website are licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License, and all rights belong to their respective authors/researchers.

4 There are only so many hours in a day When you return to work, one of the things you may find is that you have to be very organised about your time. However well you plan, you may find that, in addition to your new job or studying commitment, there are simply not enough hours in the day to do what you were doing before. Returning to work is an exercise in balancing needs. Look back at the diary you kept last week of how you spent your time, along with your notes from Activity 2, and think about whether there are any changes you can make in order to accommodate a new commitment. One of the skills you’ll need to use is prioritisation – you’re probably used to this already, but here’s a technique to help you make decisions about managing your own time. Activity 9 Further prioritising Have a think about what your priorities are and which things you would be prepared to give up. Think about the activities you listed in Activity 2. What can you delegate to others? What activities can you adapt? What can you let go of completely or leave until you have more time? Enter your answers using these headings: - Prepared to give up - Leave to another time As with Activity 3, you can write these into a grid to make your priorities easier to consider. What are the core activities that you have to maintain? Can these fit alongside a job? You may have thought about how you’d change your domestic arrangements, for example, would another family member take on some chores? Would shopping online save you some time? If your children are at school, can you delegate the school run to someone else? What are you prepared to give up or put on hold? A hobby or community commitment? The important thing is to know what you need to spend your time on and what can be done differently.

Architecture refers to the method in which an application like a Digital Asset Management system has been designed and subsequently implemented. There are usually two distinct approaches: a monolithic or self-contained system or a more modular technique where core services exist independently from each other and may be called upon as required. The latter is a more salable design and theoretically allows components of a DAM solution to be exchanged and upgraded independently. The trade-off is that this is more complex for developers and has a time (and therefore) cost implication. Version History for Architecture Click version numbers to view differences. Current Version (1) Created by Ralph Windsor on 17/06/2020 at 16:58 Comments for Architecture

With so many buzzwords floating around about new information around Coronavirus and how to prevent its spread, the concept of contact tracing and what it means for a safe return to the workplace are difficult to understand. Contact tracing is important - but what does it actually mean to implement it in a workspace? And can it help your employees? What is contact tracing? Contact tracing is the process of following COVID-19 exposure by tracking who has come into contact with who, so that it is easy to notify people who have been potentially exposed to the infectious disease. Why is contact tracing important? According to the CDC, contact tracing slows the spread of COVID-19 by making it easy to let the appropriate people know if they have exposed, helping people who have been exposed get tested, and asking people to self-isolate if they have confirmed their cases or been in close contact with someone who has a confirmed case. In a workplace such as an office or warehouse, contact tracing can help by contributing two crucial pieces of information: - Identifying potential spreaders: These personnel can then be notified and take the appropriate steps to stay safe. - Identify high-infection areas of your work: This allows employers to trouble-shoot areas and teams that may need a shift in safety protocol, and prevent others from getting infected. Having access to this type of data can be monumental in helping slow the spread of COVID-19 among employees. How can contact tracing be implemented in workplaces? There are several ways in which companies can begin to implement a contact tracing protocol within their organizations, the most popular of which is the use of a contact tracing app on employees’ electronic devices. An app like DoZen’s SafeAtWork can automatically registers people who are in the same physical space as having made “contact” through its interaction tracking feature. And with daily symptom screening and immediate notifications, it’s easy and effective for organizations to keep their workforces safe. What else can organizations do to keep employees safe as they return to the office? Keep in mind that while contact tracing is no doubt a vital element in slowing the spread of COVID-19, it works best when used every day alongside other preventative measures, which means that remote work where possible is still one of the best ways to keep your employees safe. To find out more about how your company can implement contact tracing through a digital platform, visit DoZen SafeAtWork.

While really focusing on a patient can be exceptionally fulfilling, it additionally includes numerous stressors. What’s more, since providing care is frequently a drawn-out test, the enthusiastic effect can snowball after some time. On the off chance that the pressure of providing care is left unchecked, it can negatively affect your wellbeing, connections, and perspective—in the end prompting nurse burnout, a condition of enthusiastic, mental, and actual depletion. What’s more, when you get to that point, both you and the individual you’re really focusing on endure. What Is Nurse Burnout? Nurse burnout is the state of mental, physical, and emotional exhaustion caused by sustained work-related stressors such as long hours, the pressure of quick decision-making, and the strain of caring for patients who may have poor outcomes. As you face these compounding factors, you may start feeling disengaged and detached, the first warning signs of burnout. If you don’t address this situation with good self-care, burnout can lead to feelings of cynicism, hopelessness, and even depression. Nursing is one of the most stressful occupations. It is common to find burnout syndrome in health professionals, especially in the field of nursing. Some professionals manage to deal with the symptoms, but those who do not adapt to the long-term working conditions, insufficient number of professionals, and poor communication tend to feel physically and emotionally worn out. For nurses, burnout reduces the ability to provide care. Every day, nurses face the dilemma of being human, empathetic, and sensitive, in a work environment of many responsibilities. Situations discovered by professionals in patients, such as costly recovery or non-recovery, as well as the lack of capacity to deal with dark situations, such as death, can create a feeling of impotence and professional dissatisfaction. Therefore, burnout prevention in health professionals, including nurses, has an important significance in promoting the physical and mental health of these service providers. Burnout affects personality, performance, and productivity at work. The emotional responses that the disease can cause in the long run lead to a mental strain that will hardly neutralize spontaneously. Occupational stress in the health field is directly related to specific situations. Issues of relationship, ambiguity and conflict of functions, double working hours, and pressures undertaken by superiors, as well as poor working conditions, lack of material resources, and equipment without proper maintenance, contribute to frequent damage or inappropriate improvisations, causing serious errors that compromise patient care. Scientific work on the burnout remains scarce in terms of prevention and control of burnout in nurses, especially as related to actions that can lessen the event. Most of the studies have focused on the actions for combatting burnout in nurses when the professionals already have the syndrome. Studies on disease prevention actions are also insufficient. In addition, the use of different methods to measure Burnout or well-being in nurses also represents a limitation. What Causes Nurse Burnout 1. Long Hours Another contributing factor is the growing demand for nurses as the Baby Boomer generation ages and the prevalence of chronic disease increases. The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics projects that employment for registered nurses will grow by 12% between 2018 and 2028. That’s good news if you are looking for a nursing job. However, the pace of this increase has led to growing pains: understaffed hospitals, overworked nurses hence nurse burnout. 2. Lack of Sleep One of the largest burnout risks for professionals in any industry is chronic lack of sleep. This is particularly common for nurses who work long hours and consecutive shifts. In a survey conducted by Kronos Inc., 25% of nurses reported that they were unable to get enough sleep between shifts. 3. High-Stress Environment Every nursing specialty brings its own challenges, but some specialties are naturally more stressful than others. If you work in the emergency department with telemetry or intensive care, you may have to deal with combative patients, traumatic injuries, ethical dilemmas, and a high mortality rate, all of which are linked to high stress levels and an increased risk of burnout. In a study in Psychooncology, 30% of oncology nurses reported emotional exhaustion, while 35% reported feelings of low personal performance—both symptoms of burnout syndrome. 4. Lack of Support If your workplace lacks a culture of good teamwork and collaboration practices, burnout may be more prevalent there. While collaboration is important in most professions, in nursing, it can actually save lives. Poor teamwork—which is characterized by conflict, sub-par communication, lack of cooperation, and even peer bullying—makes for an unpleasant work environment and can lead to medical errors. Tips to Help Nurses Deal with Burnout 1. Practice acknowledgment. At the point when confronted with the shamefulness of a friend or family member’s disease or the weight of providing care, there’s regularly a need to sort out the circumstance and ask “Why?” But you can spend an enormous measure of energy harping on things you can’t change and for which there are no reasonable answers. Furthermore, by the day’s end, you won’t feel any better. Attempt to keep away from the enthusiastic snare of feeling frustrated about yourself or looking for somebody to fault. 2. Embrace your health care decision. Recognize that, regardless of any feelings of hatred or weights you believe, you have settled on a cognizant decision to give care. Zero in on the positive purposes for that decision. Maybe you give care to compensate your parent for the consideration they surrendered you developing. Or on the other hand possibly this is a direct result of your qualities or the model you need to set for your kids. These profound, important inspirations can help support you through troublesome occasions. 3. Search for the silver lining. Consider the ways providing care has made you more grounded or how it’s carried you nearer to the individual you’re dealing with or to other relatives. 4. Try not to let providing care assume control over your life. Since it’s simpler to acknowledge a troublesome circumstance when there are different aspects of your life that are fulfilling, it’s significant not to let providing care assume control over your entire presence. Put resources into things that give you importance and reason whether it’s your family, church, a most loved side interest, or your vocation. 5. Zero in on the things you can handle. You can’t want for additional hours in the day or power your sibling to assist more. As opposed to worrying over things you can’t handle, center around how you decide to respond to issues. 6. Commend the little triumphs. In the event that you begin to feel debilitate, advise yourself that every one of your endeavors matter. You don’t need to fix your cherished one’s sickness to have an effect. Try not to think little of the significance of causing your cherished one to have a sense of security, agreeable, and adored! 7. Get the appreciation you need Feeling appreciated can go far toward tolerating an upsetting circumstance, however getting a charge out of life more. Studies show that guardians who feel appreciated experience more prominent physical and enthusiastic wellbeing. Providing care really makes them more joyful and better, notwithstanding its requests. However, how would you be able to respond if the individual you’re really focusing on is not, at this point ready to feel or show their appreciation for your time and endeavors? 8. Envision how your loved one would react in the event that they were sound. In the event that they weren’t engrossed with disease or agony, how might your adored one feel about the affection and care you’re giving? Advise yourself that the individual would offer thanks on the off chance that they had the option. 9. Commend your own endeavors. In case you’re not getting outside approval, discover approaches to recognize and remunerate yourself. Help yourself to remember the amount you are making a difference. In the event that you need something more solid, have a go at making a rundown of the relative multitude of ways your providing care is having an effect. Allude back to it when you begin to feel low. 10. Converse with a steady relative or companion. Uplifting feedback doesn’t need to come from the individual you’re really focusing on. At the point when you’re feeling undervalued, go to loved ones who will hear you out and recognize your endeavors. In case you’re like many nurses who are struggling to request for help. Unfortunately, this attitude can lead to feeling isolated, disappointed and even discouraged. Instead of battling all alone, exploit nearby assets for parental figures.

After getting an urgent phone call for an emergency relief position, I was making an unexpected airplane trip to catch a fish-processing ship working in the Bering Sea near the Arctic Circle. At Kotzebue, Alaska, the next-to-last stop during my long day of flying, our plane made a scheduled landing, giving me a chance to get out and stretch my legs. Never having been north of the Arctic Circle before, there I was 30 miles above it. Being surrounded by beautiful tundra, an essentially treeless landscape filled with low-lying bushes clinging tenaciously to the ground, was impressive. The town itself has a long Native American history, but in modern times has been known as the “Gateway to the Arctic.” Not many Americans have seen this magnificent area, but on Sept. 2, 2015, President Obama arrived in Kotzebue — the first sitting U.S. president in history to visit Alaska above the Arctic Circle. During his trip, the president highlighted the effects of climate change up north, such as the challenges facing the village of Kavalina, where hundreds of local residents may soon have to leave their ancestral home due to melting ice and rising sea levels. While there is no doubt that melting Arctic ice is creating severe difficulties for wildlife and residents of the area, at the same time it is creating real-world maritime opportunities that for generations were nothing more than fanciful dreams. In recognition of that, President Obama specifically focused on maritime issues while visiting Alaska. He first detailed his commitment to building several new U.S. Coast Guard heavy-duty icebreakers. With just two Coast Guard vessels operational, the U.S. has fallen woefully behind Russia in terms of a viable icebreaking fleet. In fact, it’s been almost 40 years since the heavy-duty U.S. icebreakers Polar Sea and Polar Star were commissioned. Emphasizing the importance of having icebreaking capability for the expanding Arctic operations, the president called for a new ship to be built by 2020. While visiting Kotzebue, President Obama affirmed that a joint U.S. Coast Guard/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) collaboration for Arctic surveys and charting would go forward. This multi-agency effort, when completed, will ensure that up-to-date nautical charts will be available for Arctic areas newly opened by melting ice, as well as for established coastal ports such as Kotzebue. The lack of adequate surveys, charts and aids to navigation has been a stumbling block to more fully developing the Arctic — with Russia and especially Canada still years away from having suitable charts available for the Northeast and Northwest Passages. Thanks to this project, however, U.S. Arctic waters will have the surveys needed to meet the projected increase in vessel traffic in coming years. For many years, the lack of an adequate Arctic port hub has created logistical challenges for vessel operators working in the Chukchi, Beaufort and northern Bering seas — an area roughly the size of Texas and California combined. Currently, a voyage of 1,000 miles or more may be needed to get from those areas to the nearest full-service port at Dutch Harbor. During his speech in Kotzebue, the president confirmed that the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers has been undertaking a feasibility study on updating/improving the Port of Nome, the location of choice for a northern Alaska Arctic port hub. Low oil prices, coupled with Royal Dutch Shell PLC’s well-publicized operational mishaps up north, have led to a diminished interest in starting new oil drilling ventures in the Alaskan offshore waters of the Chukchi and Beaufort seas — at least until the price of oil rises higher. In the meantime, however, the extraction of other natural resources is moving “full speed ahead.” In the Bering Sea near the Arctic Circle, gold dredging north of Nome is ramping up, with hundreds of tracts leased by the state of Alaska in the past few years. A shipyard in Seattle recently delivered a 50-foot catamaran dredge, built specifically for work off of Nome. The Arctic is becoming an increasingly favored cruise ship destination, with several companies now offering regular excursions above Canada, Russia and the U.S. Commercial ship traffic through the Northern Passages has increased in recent years. 2013 was a record year for Russia’s Northeast Passage, with 71 ships carrying 1.4 million tons of cargo. In northern Canada, the elusive Northwest Passage is now an open-water reality in the summer with 117 vessels having made the trip in the past five years. While a short summer resulted in less commercial ship traffic through the Northern Passages in 2014, the long-term trend of more and more vessels making the trips is expected to continue, with Russian officials publicly stating their goal of having 80 million tons of cargo move through the Northeast Passage by 2020. Of course, all of this Arctic ship traffic will affect Alaska waters and ports as well. As President Obama pointed out during his visit last year, the melting of the Arctic ice has brought about unprecedented changes, challenges and opportunities. As this “new frontier” continues to open up, it is clear that innovative companies and the use of new technologies/techniques will be essential for the ongoing development of Alaskan waters. It is now up to Congress to provide the vital funding for these initiatives, so the U.S. can take the lead in the lucrative, sustainable development of our Arctic resources. Till next time, I wish you all smooth sailin’. Kelly Sweeney holds the licenses of master (oceans, any gross tons) and master of towing vessels (oceans), and regularly sails on a wide variety of commercial vessels. He lives on an island near Seattle. You can contact him at email@example.com.

A written re-telling of three myths from ancient Mesopotamia (modern-day Iraq). These are the stories of Enmerkar, Lugalbanda and Gilgamesh, the three kings of one of the world's earliest cities, known originally as Unug or Uruk. Today it is an archaeological site known as Warka. The book aims to strike a balance between two objectives: first, to make the stories accessible to anyone who can read an English newspaper; second, to convey their startling originality. These written retellings are the fruit of many years oral retellings to modern audiences. المصدر : هنا Comments powered by CComment

- This event has passed. Water Wednesdays: Oswegatchie Hills Wetlands July 26, 2017 @ 3:00 pm - 4:30 pm EDT Come join us for three hands-on Wednesday afternoon sessions (July 12 & 26, August 9) for children to learn about water with the Museum’s EnviroScape® model. Learn how we can reduce our environmental impact on Long Island Sound. Each week focuses on an aspect of water quality that relates directly to our shoreline communities: learning about watersheds; protecting and preserving wetlands and forests; and keeping pollution out of our rivers, streams and Long Island Sound. What are wetlands, what lives in them, and why do we need wetlands? Using the Museum’s Wetland EnviroScape® model, children will learn how wetlands function. We’ll explore how wetlands like those found in Oswegatchie Hills Nature Preserve in East Lyme reduce the rate of flooding and erosion, hold pollutants, and provide habitats for birds and other animals. We’ll also learn how wetlands improve the quality of our water, and discover what we can do to help conserve our wetlands. See samples and photos of plants and wildlife found in Oswegatchie Hills Nature Preserve and on the Niantic River. Take home a trail map of Oswegatchie Hills Nature Preserve in East Lyme and information on how you can help protect wetlands. All activities free with Museum admission. A CMSECT collaboration with Save Oswegatchie Hills Coalition founders and Niantic River Watershed Committee.

Laboratory Water (Type III RO) Laboratory water for non-critical work including glassware washing. What is Type 3 Laboratory Water? Type 3 laboratory water is purified water which is suitable for non-critical lab applications such as rinsing glassware, filling autoclaves, water baths and disinfector feed. It's also used in environmental chambers and plant growth rooms as well as being used as feed water to Type 1 ultrapure laboratory water systems. Sometimes called primary-grade pure water, Type 3 laboratory water has up to around 99% of contaminants removed. Reverse Osmosis (RO) Water Purification Reverse osmosis is very effective at removing almost all forms of contamination. Typically more than 95% of ionic and organic contamination is removed using specialised, semi-permeable membranes. Water is fed, under pressure, to the membrane, some of which passes through (the permeate) leaving behind the concentrate, which contains the majority of the impurities. Selecting Your Laboratory Water System When considering which water purification system is right for your laboratory it's important to determine the levels of water purity needed for your experiments and applications. Once you know which water type or types you need there are a number of additional factors to consider including: - How much pure water is needed (daily)? - What will be the peak demand for pure water? - Does your lab require tracking and validation of water quality? - Is the system to be used for one specific application or shared? - Do you require any additional equipment such as storage or dispensing?"

During this same time, St. Paul was preaching in the area of Troy when he had a dream. In it, a man told him, “Come to Macedonia and help us.” St. Paul, along with Silas, traveled to Philippi through Samothrace. At the Gaggitis River, they discovered a crowd praying to the pagan gods. Leading the group in prayer was St. Lydia. After learning from St. Paul of Our Savior Jesus Christ, St. Lydia was baptized in the Gaggitis River and many idolaters became Christians. St. Lydia made her home a place for Christian meetings. She converted her family as well as many in the area to Christianity through her teachings. Her feast day is August 3.

Living with Pompe Disease Programs & Pipeline ❯ Pompe Disease About Pompe Disease Pompe disease is a progressive, debilitating and life-threatening rare Lysosomal Disorder that results from a deficiency in an enzyme, GAA. Signs and symptoms of Pompe disease can be severe and debilitating and include progressive muscle weakness throughout the body, particularly the heart and skeletal muscles. This leads to accumulation of glycogen in cells, which is believed to result in the clinical manifestations of Pompe disease.

1918 – Canadian World War I fighter ace Frank Granger Quigley shoots down a balloon and later, in a single mission, three Pfalz D.III with his Sopwith Camel. 1939 – First flight of the Willoughby Delta 8, a British twin-engined aerodynamic testbed for a proposed flying wing airliner. 1940 – A Bristol Blenheim of No.82 Squadron, RAF Bomber Command, surprises and sinks U-31 on the surface in the Schillig Roads near Wilhelmshaven, Germany; the U-31 is the first U-boat of the war to be sunk by an RAF aircraft without the assistance of surface vessels. 1982 – Widerøe Flight 933, a De Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter (shown), crashes after it suffered structural failure in the vertical stabilizer and rudder during clear-air turbulence, killing all 15; despite conspiracy theories about a collision with a Royal Air Force, several later investigations reached no such conclusion. 1982 – Death of Nikolai Petrovich Kamanin, Soviet aviator; he was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union in 1934 for the rescue of SS Chelyuskin crew from an improvised airfield on the frozen surface of the Chukchi Sea near Kolyuchin Island.

Few changes to the Seattle landscape were as epic as the regrading of Denny Hill, which took place between 1897 and 1930 and involved five separate projects. Located between downtown and Queen Anne Hill, Denny Hill originally topped out at about 220 feet in elevation, about half the height of hills such as Queen Anne, Capitol, and Magnolia. The drivers for the regrades were business and the hope that removing the hill would create a tabula rasa open to new and better ones. By the time regrading ended, the hill's high point had been lowered by more than 100 feet to create the mostly flat land now known as the Denny Regrade. Like many new residents of Seattle in the early 1880s, Reginald Heber Thomson (1856-1949) came to the city because of its great potential. With abundant coal and timber, and the impending expansion of train service into the city, Seattle was a perfect opportunity for a young man, particularly a budding engineer such as Thomson. He hoped to change his luck in Seattle. Born and raised in Hanover, Indiana, Thomson had taken surveying classes in college but otherwise had little professional experience when he landed in the city. He did though have a cousin, Frederick "Harry" Whitworth (1846-1933), who was Seattle's city surveyor. Whitworth also had a private practice and hired Thomson to join him. Working for his cousin, Thomson got to know the land in and around Seattle surveying for the railroads, property owners, and the local coal mines. In August 1884, one year after his cousin Harry quit the job, Thomson became the city surveyor, a position equivalent to the city engineer. Thomson's "greatest triumph" during his early years, wrote his biographer, William Wilson, was building the Grant Street Bridge. This wooden trestle ran out over the tide flats along the base of Beacon Hill and would become a major transportation route south of the city. The structure exemplifies a central theme of Thomson's: connecting disparate parts of the city. As he later wrote in his autobiography, with such a hilly landscape, he wondered, "how will the people in one end of the city be able to do business with those in the other end?" (That Man Thomson). The answer was to regrade what was in the way and open corridors for people to get where they needed to easily and quickly. Seattle, noted Thomson, was particularly in need of this kind of fix. The problem was that the city's founders had platted the land "with but little regard as to whether the streets could ever be used or not, the main idea being, apparently, to sell the lots" (Annual Report, 1908). What they should have done, instead, was to lay out the trails and roads first. Not that Seattle was alone in making this error. "In the ruins of very ancient cities, we find evidence that the same character of work— that is to say the work of regrading — was carried on before the beginning of history," wrote Thomson (Letter 1909). Now it was Seattle's time to carry out this ancient process, and he knew the perfect place to puts his ideas to work -- the offensive Denny Hill. As with most neighborhoods, no one had, or has, a precise definition for the location of Denny Hill. The hill was originally known to settlers as Capitol Hill because Arthur Denny (1822-1899) had set aside 10 acres in 1860 at the southwest corner of the hill for the state capitol. Although fellow pioneer Daniel Bagley (1818-1905) convinced Denny that the state university would be better to have than state government, the name Capitol Hill clung to the high knoll. It didn't obtain the name Denny until 1889, when Denny and other developers started work on the grand Denny Hotel on Denny's proposed location for the capitol. Denny Hill's physical boundaries depend on whether you look at it bureaucratically or topographically. From a regulatory standpoint, Denny, or at least its regrades, conformed to street boundaries, roughly between 1st Avenue, Westlake Avenue, Pike Street, and Broad Street. In total, Denny encompassed about 65 city blocks, or a little over 200 acres. In 1893, there were at least 320 single-family and 69 multi-family homes, along with 26 stables, 218 sheds, and 10 hotels within this area (Raymond thesis). Early topographic maps show the hill extending north to Thomas Street (across the street from the modern location of the EMP Museum). From this low point, Denny ran due south and gained 120 feet to its northern summit at 4th and Blanchard. A second high point, the one that would be the location of the Denny Hotel, rose between 2nd and 3rd on Stewart Street. Rising nearly 100 feet from Pike Street to the base of the hotel construction, the hill's south side was a formidable obstacle, but it was hardly impassable. In his biography, Thomson wrote that, "Seattle was in a pit, that to get anywhere we would be compelled to climb out if we could." He resolved to "persevere to the end" (That Man Thomson). For Thomson and others, Denny Hill was the greatest impediment to going anywhere. Local newspaperman Welford Beaton (1874-1951) summed up the historic viewpoint on the topography in his history of Seattle, The City that Made Itself: "The hills raised themselves in the paths that commerce wished to take. And then man stepped in, completed the work which Nature left undone, smoothed the burrows and allowed commerce to pour unhampered in its natural channels." After living in Seattle for more than 15 years, Thomson, who had become the official city engineer in 1892, finally had a chance to begin the removal of Denny Hill. In late 1897, less than six months after the beginning of the Klondike Gold Rush, the city council passed, with Thomson's guidance, an ordinance authorizing the regrading of 1st Avenue between Pike and Denny. Although it was the smallest of all regrade work done on Denny Hill, the project set the stage for the many regrades to follow. Contractors used water from hydraulic hoses to wash away the hill with most of the 110,700 cubic yards of sediment ending up unused for anyone's benefit in Elliott Bay. The regrade, noted The Seattle Times, was "endurable only for the sake of the promise of ultimate improvement," though it did lead to increased property values ("Grading A Thoroughfare"). With 1st Avenue washed into the bay, Thomson turned his focus to 2nd Avenue. An ordinance for the regrade passed the city council on March 2, 1903, and the contractor started working in August. Because of the geography and location of buildings, workers supplemented the hydraulic hoses with steam shovels to remove more than 600,000 cubic yards of material. Most of this sediment ended up deep in Elliott Bay, carried out by a trestle built at Battery Street. The third bite into the hill began in May 1906. Contractor H. W. Hawley won the contract and, working with steam shovels and hydraulic hoses, cut away 650,000 cubic yards of the south-end hill. Unlike other regrades, more than half the dirt that Hawley removed went some place besides Elliott Bay. A small steam railway colloquially known as the "Mount Moses, Denny Hill, Central & Westlake Valley Airline" ferried the dirt across a trestle and dumped it in the area around Pine and Olive Streets, creating the smoothed out, relatively gentle slope that now ascends past the Paramount Theater to Capitol Hill ("Work Begins ..."). The Geology Facilitates Regrades Part of what made Seattle's regrades possible was the underlying geology. During the most recent ice age, which ended around 16,500 years ago, an ice sheet spread south from Canada between the Olympic and Cascade Mountains and reached to just past modern-day Olympia. At the glacier's greatest extent it was about 3,000 feet thick in Seattle. As it moved through the region, the ice led to the deposition of three layers of sediment, such that if you could cut open any hill in Seattle, you'd find a three-layer cake of clay, topped by sand, capped by a mix of sand, cobbles, and boulders. In essence, Denny Hill is basically a big pile of dirt, smushed and consolidated by the great glacier. Because the hill is not solid bedrock, such as the basalt under Portland or gneiss under New York City, all that engineers needed to remove Denny was water. The tool they employed was a hydraulic cannon, or "giant," as they were called. It was technology that had been used extensively in the Klondike Gold Rush. A typical giant was operated by a five-man team. One man fired each giant, holding a 3-foot-long handle connected to a cast-iron nozzle. The 7- to 10-foot-long nozzle sat on an articulated base and had an adjustable opening from 3 to 5 inches in diameter. Each giant team also included someone to direct the muddy slurry in the pit to a pipe that carried the former hill away. The boardman also removed roots or similar material that could choke the system. Another man monitored the iron bars, or grizzly, at the mouth of the pipe, which kept out larger rocks and lumps of clay. He, too, removed or sledgehammered the larger material into smaller bits. Under normal conditions, a crew could wash away about 1,000 cubic yards of material each eight-hour shift, or enough sand and gravel to fill 6,750 wheelbarrows. The water for the regrades came from a variety of sources. For the Jackson Hill regrade between 1907 and 1909, in what is now the Chinatown International District, the contractor sucked water from Elliott Bay and Lake Washington, as well as using city water, which came from the Cedar River. Another hydraulic project on Beacon Hill in 1904 and 1905 used city water. For the fourth regrade of Denny Hill, contractor Grant Smith & Co. & Stilwell extracted water out of Elliott Bay using pumps built by H. W. Hawley for its work on the south end of Denny Hill during the previous regrade. The Hawley machines provided 5 million gallons a day. Supplementing their saltwater source, GS&C&S installed three pumps on Lake Union, and fed 18 million gallons a day through a mile-long pipe up 8th Avenue to two distribution points on Battery Street, at 3rd and 5th avenues. (One of the general items of common misinformation about the regrades is the use of city water. On Denny Hill none was used, with only about one quarter of the Jackson Hill water coming from the Cedar River.) To get rid of Denny Hill, it was decided to dump the hill into the deeper water of Elliott Bay. The muck would travel during the fourth regrade via an 875-foot-long tunnel excavated from Bell Street and 2nd Avenue to Elliott Avenue. (It's not clear why the fill was wasted. The P-I of April 8, 1909, noted that negotiations on selling the earth for fill "came to naught" but does not say who was involved in these discussions.) The same issue would arise in the final regrade of Denny. The timber-lined tunnel, tall enough for a person to stand up in, led to a flume, or sluice, that passed over the tracks and roadway of Railroad Avenue and discharged the hill into the water. By the time the contractors finished the regrade, the flume extended on pilings for 1,200 feet into Elliott Bay. It was quite an engineering marvel as they had to use 125-foot-long piles, which they drove into previously dumped fill, in water that had been 200 feet deep. To spread the fill widely, the flume had three distribution points, which allowed the pile driver to extend one arm of the flume into deeper water while the other two continued to dump Denny. Because of all the sediments, the turbidity was so bad near the dumping site that fishers complained it had driven away cod from the docks and out to clearer water. Throughout most of this round of the regrade, water provided enough force to dislodge the hill, but workers also used dynamite to supplement the giants when they came across boulders, or hit hard lenses, or layers, of sediment. Far larger than the previous three, the fourth regrade would chop off the entire west side from 5th Avenue to 3rd Avenue between Pike and Denny. As with all the previous regrades, the fourth began with R. H. Thomson seeking signatures for a petition to remove the hill. A project such as a regrade required at least 50 percent of those who lived in the area that would be altered to sign a petition calling for the land change. Thomson's team turned the petition in on April 28, 1906. Mayor William Hickman Moore (1861-1946) signed Ordinance 13776 on May 23, 1906. It established what property the regrade would remove. A second ordinance, number 14993, provided the funding mechanism, or what was known as a Local Improvement District. First used in Seattle in 1893, the LID made the landowners pay for the improvement of their own property, as opposed to forcing the city as a whole to pay. How much a property owner owed was based on a simple formula. On the plus side was the appraised value before the regrade; the owner would be paid for any buildings destroyed during the project. The owner would also add to the plus column any theoretical damages to the property caused by lowering the street. On the negative side were the costs of rebuilding the infrastructure, which was divided among all who benefited, in proportion to how much their property would benefit. To determine these values, a judge appointed a commission, in this case three "young and ambitious" men, two lawyers and an engineer ("Denny Hill Tax ..."). They held a series of public meetings, visited the properties, and sent out inquiry letters, after which they presented their findings. If the owners didn't agree with the commission, they could appeal through the courts. Many perceived the process as unfair, though a better term might be arbitrary. The commission made mistakes and probably was influenced by politics, but many of those poor decisions were corrected by appeal and just a handful of cases made it all the way to the State Supreme Court. As Thomson's biographer, William Wilson, who has written the most detailed account of the Denny Hill LID and appeals said, "the problems didn't so much lay with the process as it did with what happened afterwards" (author conversation). Homeowners had 10 years to pay back their assessments at a rather steep 6 percent interest. In addition, they had to pay taxes on the new, generally higher assessed value of the land. They also had to pay the contractor separately for lowering their property. Many could not afford to make these payments. With most of the court cases settled, the city called for bids to be opened in July 1907. Rainier Development Corporation won the contract with a bid of $0.27 per cubic yard to regrade the city streets. In signing their contract, Rainier also agreed to excavate all private property at the same price as the city paid, but only if landowners agreed to have their property excavated at the same time as the city. One year later, Thomson sent a letter to Rainier to "begin work forthwith." They would have 30 months to complete the removal of 5.4 million cubic yards of Denny Hill. This long-desired regrade began when subcontractor Grant Smith & Co. & Stilwell started washing away 3rd and Bell in August 1908. Work began slowly with just 8,000 cubic yards of material excavated in August 1908. It didn't help that technical difficulties meant that the contractor only got four days of work done that month. The total jumped to 42,000 cubic yds in September and 130,000 cubic yards in November with a peak of 294,500 cubic yards in October 1909. By November 1910, more than 97 percent of the hill had been removed. Part of what remained has become one of the most famous aspects of Denny Hill and of Seattle history: the isolated buttes known as spite mounds, spite heaps, or spite humps. In May 1910, six of these notorious pillars of private property rose above the flattened surface of the hill. Five property owners had left the mounds high, supposedly protesting the city's plans to level the hill. As far as the records show, however, none of the owners were against cutting down Denny Hill. One of the mound holdouts, Zachariah Holden (1850-1912), had owned his house at 5th and Virginia since 1883, when it was "far beyond the hum of the traffic of the little town" ("Massive Buttes ..."). He told a P-I reporter that he hadn't initially signed up to have his property lowered because he didn't have the money needed to pay for the work. Holden eventually was able to borrow the necessary funding to pay to eliminate his spite mound. "I want to see every vestige of these hills come down," he said. "[I] would have been willing to make greater sacrifices to see Seattle become greater still" ("Massive Buttes ..."). James T. Kelley (1861-1940) owned two of the mounds, one at 4th and Virginia and one at 4th and Bell. Each rose about 100 feet. A former owner of a small meat market, Kelley had gone north in search of Klondike gold and made a fortune. He was in the north working his mines when the contractor had sought authorization to cut down his property. When he arrived back in Seattle in summer 1910, Kelley, too, said that he supported the removal of Denny Hill. "I have lived too long in Seattle ... to be accused of being actuated by spite on any matter connected with public improvements ... After full consideration of the matter and in the belief that the Denny Hill regrade district should be rapidly improved, I have decided to improve my holdings" ("Two Of Tallest ..."). By January 1911, both mounds were gone. Kelley and Holden, like most of their neighbors, heartily supported the Denny regrade. They appeared to do so for two reasons. Many must have agreed with Thomson and Beaton that the regrades would benefit the entire city, and that an improved Seattle with easier transportation routes, more space for industry, and room for businesses to spread would be a better place to live. Others also believed that they would make money by being able to sell their lowered property. Nor is there evidence for another common urban belief, that homes were left on the mounds, forcing the owners to reach their residences by ladders, steep stairs, or mountaineering equipment. There are photographs showing isolated homes on what appear to be buttes, but no one wrote about or photographed anyone commuting vertically to them. Plus, any homeowner who wanted to lower their house to the new post-regrade elevation had to wait until the surrounding land was gone. The Department of Public Works declared the regrade to be done on June 20, 1911. And then the regrade of Denny came to a halt. Politics, other city projects such as the completion of the Lake Washington ship canal and locks, and lack of commerce pouring "unhampered in its natural channels" (few businesses had moved into the area lowered during the fourth regrade) led to 17 years passing before the beginning of the fifth and final regrade. Fifth Regrade and Some Big Shovels In contrast to previous projects, the contractor did not use hydraulic giants in the final regrade. Too much of the area surrounding the regrade had been developed, so funneling a muddy stream across paved streets heavy with traffic was not practical. Previous regrades had also shown that the giants always needed assistance from dynamite and power shovels, or excavators. The excavated sediment, though, continued to end up in Elliott Bay, carried to the water's edge by an extensive conveyor-belt system, and transported out into the water by one of the engineering marvels of the Denny regrades: self-dumping wooden scows. Designed by naval architect William C. Nickum (1874-1951), they were mirror image top and bottom with open decks that held 400 cubic yards of dirt. Between the decks were two internal tanks, one on each side of the scow. A tug towed the full scow out into Elliott Bay, where a crewmember pulled a rope that opened valves, or seacocks, on one side of the boat. Within three minutes, water filled one of the tanks, and the out-of-balance scow flipped over, dumping its load. No longer weighted down by the dirt, the scow rose high enough to drain the internal tank, which took about eight minutes. The tug then pulled the scow back to shore, ready for its next load. Preliminary work on cutting down the last of Denny Hill began in February 1929, with a power shovel removing dirt along 5th Avenue for construction of the main conveyor belt. By May, the contractor was ready to go at Denny with the two big electric shovels munching into the hill on Battery Street at 5th and 7th. With all five shovels in operation, each day would see the hill reduced by more than 12,000 cubic yards. By December, the hill was almost gone. The crews had been unrelenting. After a slow start in late 1929, the contractor had worked out its problems and was completing a task that many thought impossible just months earlier. Bite after bite of the hill fed into the hoppers, dropped onto the ever-moving conveyor belts, and shot along at 600 feet per minute to the waiting scows and the dirt's final voyage out into Elliott Bay. On December 9, 1930, shovel operators spent the day racing each other to "clear 'er up" for a final celebration. "That once great promontory, thrown up by nature ages ago to make trouble for Seattle's progressive expansion," was now merely one shovelful of earth, noted the Times ("Denny Hill Gone"). "At last the way was opened for giant new buildings, for the forward sweep of the central business district northward on level grades into territory which only a few months ago barred progress with a lofty barricade of clay banks, ill-kept streets, run-down residences, aged public and semipublic structures" ("Mayor Finishes Regrade"). A 11 a.m. the next day, Seattle Mayor Frank Edwards (1874-1943) climbed into one of the electric shovels between Battery and Wall Streets, near 6th Avenue, pulled a lever, and the final cubic yards of the hill vanished. Hundreds stood by, including many who had been born on the hill, who had attended Denny School, and who had lived there. "There were many moist eyes," wrote a reporter for the P-I ("Good-By Denny ..."). With Edwards's final dumping of the dirt, 4,354,625 cubic yards of the hill had been removed. Total cost was $2,261,800. Total sediment moved during the five regrades was 11,112,025 cubic yards.

Some of the factors that could contribute to incontinence among older adults, like Mrs. Jones, include nerve damage, weakened pelvic muscle, medication, infection, and underlying conditions, such as stroke, diabetes or obesity. Incontinence can also be caused by psychological factors, such as depression or anxiety. When responding to Ms. Jones, she should show empathy and assure her that it isn’t her fault. Nurses can provide strategies for managing incontinence. These include using absorbent pads and underwear, pelvic-floor exercises or avoiding specific foods and drinks that can cause irritation to the bladder. Nurses may recommend medical testing to find the root cause of incontinence. They can then explore various treatment options including medication, bladder retraining, or surgery. She should offer Mrs. Jones emotional support, and encourage her to express any concerns or feelings she may have.

Causes of Headaches Identifying the type of headache you suffer from will help give doctors a better idea of its cause. Below are some of the most common causes of headaches: - Muscle, nerve or joint problems Depending on the intensity and frequency of your headaches, it could point to a deeper problem such as temporomandibular disorder (TMD). If your headaches have been persistent and the pain is moderate to severe, seek medical advice. Types of Headaches Below are some of the common types of headaches: - Tension headaches: These usually resolve by themselves within hours. - Sinus headaches: As implied by its name, sinus headaches occur when your sinuses are inflamed. They are usually accompanied by a runny nose, fever and/or swollen face. - Migraines: Migraines are throbbing headaches that can last days or even weeks. Common symptoms that accompany migraines include sensitivity to light and sound, nausea, loss of appetite and stomach pain. - Cluster headaches: Cluster headaches are the most severe of all and sufferers usually experience an intense throbbing behind one eye. The pain can be so bad that teary and red eyes are common, and many sufferers cannot bear to sit still during an attack. These headaches occur during cluster periods that range from 2 weeks to 3 months, and each attack can last from 15 minutes up to 3 hours or more. When identifying what type of headache you suffer from, your doctor will first ask you some questions about your symptoms, such as where the pain is located, what it feels like, its severity, how long each attack lasts and more. To this end, it can be helpful to note down the symptoms you typically experience before your appointment. A physical and neurological exam will be conducted to identify any symptoms of a deeper-rooted problem and rule out any brain or nerve disease. CT scans, MRIs, and EEGs are standard procedures. Treatment Options for Headaches Depending on the type of headache you suffer from, one or more treatment options may be recommended: - Medications: Pain relivers and muscle relaxants can be prescribed to manage pain, however they may not be an effective long-term solution. - Therapeutic Botox: Botulinum Botox is safe and effective for preventing headaches caused by chronic migraines. Recommended dosage is well below doses that can cause human botulism. - Cold laser treatment: If your headaches are caused by TMD, you may want to consider cold laser treatment, a painless and non-invasive treatment that makes use of light photons to penetrate the temporomandibular joint. Each session does not last more than 10 minutes, and patients have reported an improvement in inflammatory symptoms after just 2 to 3 sessions. Why Choose Head Pain Institute® for Headache Treatment? At Head Pain Institute®, our team of head and orofacial pain specialists come with a combined experience of more than eight decades. In addition, we hold a Diplomate status from the American Board of Orofacial Pain (ABOP). We have successfully performed more than 12,000 procedures to date, giving our patients a chance at a new, pain-free existence.

Common House Mice Common house mice are small rodents, typically grey or brown, and measure about 6-7 inches in length, including their tails. They exhibit secretive, nocturnal behaviors and adapt well to indoor environments, favoring grains and seeds. Effective control involves sealing entry points to prevent infestation, regular inspection for signs like droppings and gnaw marks, and strategic use of traps or professional extermination services for elimination. Understanding and managing their behavior is key to maintaining a mouse-free environment. In the realm of residential and commercial pest control, the common house mouse stands out as a significant adversary. These small rodents, often unnoticed until they’ve firmly established themselves, can pose various challenges to homeowners and business operators alike. Understanding the intricacies of house mouse identification, behavior, and control is not just a matter of property maintenance, but also of health and safety. This comprehensive guide delves into the essential aspects of house mouse management, offering valuable insights for effective rodent control in both home and business environments. Our focus extends beyond mere identification; it encompasses a deep understanding of house mouse behavior and the most effective strategies for their control. By addressing these key areas, property owners can adopt a proactive stance against these pervasive pests. With a blend of expert knowledge and practical advice, this article aims to equip you with the necessary tools and understanding to manage and prevent house mouse infestations effectively. Whether you’re facing an existing problem or looking to safeguard your space proactively, this guide offers a holistic approach to dealing with one of the most common and challenging pests. Identifying House Mice: Key Characteristics for Effective Rodent Control Accurately identifying house mice is a crucial step in effective pest management in both residential and commercial properties. House mice, known for their adaptability to various environments, possess distinctive physical and behavioral characteristics. Physically, house mice are small, typically measuring between 6 to 7 inches in length, including their tails. Their fur color ranges from light grey to brown, allowing them to blend into many environments, a trait advantageous for their survival. A notable feature of house mice is their small, slender feet, and proportionally small heads, distinguishing them from other rodent species. Behaviorally, house mice leave several telltale signs that aid in their identification. One of the most common indicators of their presence is their droppings, which are small, rod-shaped, and dark in color. Another sign to watch for is gnawing damage, as house mice have a habit of chewing on various materials, including food containers, to maintain their incisor teeth, which continually grow throughout their lives. Additionally, house mice are known for creating nests in hidden, undisturbed areas of buildings. They use materials like shredded paper or fabric to build their nests, often located in wall voids, storage boxes, or even in unused corners of basements or attics. House mice are also identified by the noises they make, especially during the quiet of the night. Sounds such as scratching, scuttling, and light squeaking can often be heard emanating from within walls or ceilings, indicating their movement and activity. Recognizing these key characteristics of house mice – from their physical appearance to their behavioral patterns – is essential in the early detection and subsequent control of these common pests. Early identification plays a significant role in preventing a minor presence from escalating into a full-scale infestation in both homes and business environments. |Tips & Recommendations |Grey or brown fur, 6-7 inches in length including tail. |Look for droppings, gnaw marks, and disturbed food items. |Nocturnal, agile, prefers seeds and grains. Stays near the nest. |Monitor for activity at night and signs of nesting. |Create an environment inhospitable to mice. |Seal entry points, maintain cleanliness, store food securely. |Regular inspection for signs of mice. |Check for droppings, listen for noises, especially at night. |Use of traps and professional extermination services. |Place traps near walls, use peanut butter or birdseed as bait. |Continuous vigilance and preventive measures. |Regular property inspections, immediate action upon signs of mice. Behavioral Insights: Unveiling the Habits of House Mice Understanding the behavior of house mice is crucial in developing effective rodent control strategies. These creatures, known for their adaptability, exhibit a range of habits that are key to their survival in both residential and commercial environments. Primarily nocturnal, house mice are most active during the night, which is when they primarily forage for food. Their diet in indoor settings includes grains, seeds, and pet food, showcasing their ability to adapt to human environments. This dietary flexibility makes them persistent pests in various settings. House mice are also known for their remarkable climbing abilities and agility. They prefer to stay close to their nests, with a typical range of 10 to 30 feet. This proximity to their nest is vital for their safety and access to food sources. Their nesting areas are often hidden in secluded spots, including wall voids, cluttered storage areas, or even under appliances. Identifying these potential nesting sites is essential in pest management. Another key behavior of house mice is their aversion to open spaces. They tend to move along walls or under cover of darkness, avoiding exposure. This behavior can inform the strategic placement of traps and bait, making rodent extermination efforts more effective. In addition to their physical abilities, house mice are also known for their reproductive capacity. They can breed throughout the year, with a single pair potentially leading to a significant increase in population if not managed promptly. Understanding this rapid reproductive rate is crucial for homeowners and businesses in implementing timely rodent control measures. Small size, grey or brown fur, measuring 6-7 inches in length including the tail. Signs of Presence Look for droppings, gnaw marks, and signs of food tampering. House mice prefer nesting near food sources and in undisturbed areas like basements, attics, and wall voids. Behavioral Insights: Effective Mouse Control Strategies Understanding the behavior of house mice is essential for implementing effective control strategies in both residential and commercial settings. These rodents are known for their adaptability, making them a persistent issue in various environments. House mice primarily feed on seeds and grains, but they quickly adapt to the available food sources within human environments. This includes pet food, birdseed, and even household scraps. Their feeding habits are opportunistic, which means they often explore and nibble on various food items. Being aware of this can guide homeowners and business owners in proper food storage and sanitation practices to minimize mice attraction. Mostly active at night, house mice are skilled at remaining unseen. They move stealthily and are particularly active when human activity is at its lowest. This nocturnal behavior should be considered when setting up traps or planning inspections, as these are the times when mice are most likely to venture out in search of food or nesting materials. House mice tend to nest close to their food sources. Their nests are often located in hidden, undisturbed areas such as wall voids, cluttered storage areas, or under appliances. They prefer materials like shredded paper or fabric for their nests. Regularly checking these potential nesting sites can be crucial in early detection and control of mouse populations. A study conducted in two high-rise apartment buildings in New Jersey revealed that a combination of non-toxic and toxic baits, along with comprehensive management programs, resulted in a significant reduction in house mouse infestations. However, sustainable control requires continuous monitoring and preventive measures To manage house mice effectively, it’s important to combine several strategies: Environmental Modification: Limit access to food and water by storing food in sealed containers and addressing any water leaks. Regular cleaning to eliminate crumbs and food residues can also deter mice. Exclusion Techniques: Seal any cracks, holes, or openings where mice might enter. Pay special attention to gaps around doors, windows, and utility lines. Trapping: Utilize various types of traps, such as snap traps, live traps, and glue boards, in areas where mouse activity is noticed. The placement and baiting of these traps should align with the mice’s nocturnal habits for maximum effectiveness. Monitoring and Inspection: Regularly inspect your property for signs of mice, including droppings, gnaw marks, and unusual noises. This will help in quickly identifying and addressing any mouse problems. Professional Pest Control Services: In cases of large infestations or persistent problems, professional exterminators can provide more comprehensive solutions tailored to specific situations. Cost of Extermination Services for House Mice The cost of extermination services for house mice varies depending on the severity of the infestation, the size of the property, and the specific services required. Here are some general price ranges: A full-service professional visit, including inspection, treatment, and exclusion (preventing mice from returning), typically ranges from $200 to $600. However, for particularly large or troublesome infestations, the cost might exceed $1,000. The typical range for mice extermination costs is between $176 to $579, with a national average of about $377. The cost is influenced by various factors including the extent of the infestation and the specific methods used for extermination. Hiring a mouse exterminator generally costs an average of $450 to $600. This cost usually covers a comprehensive extermination service, including consultation, traps, sealants, and follow-up services. The general cost range for mouse extermination is $246.50 to $432.50, but it can go as low as $126.25 or as high as $787.50 to $1,000 depending on the complexity and severity of the infestation. For severe infestations requiring extensive measures such as tenting and fumigating the entire home, costs can escalate significantly, ranging from $2,000 to $6,000. The national average for mice extermination is around $350, but this can vary based on whether the extermination is done professionally or as a DIY project. Achieving long-term success in house mouse control goes beyond immediate measures; it involves a consistent and informed approach. Homeowners and business proprietors alike must stay vigilant, understanding that rodent control is an ongoing process rather than a one-time task. To maintain a rodent-free environment, regular property inspections are essential. These inspections should focus on potential entry points, signs of infestation, and environmental factors that may attract mice. Educating oneself about mouse behaviors and seasonal patterns can greatly aid in this process, allowing for timely identification and intervention. In addition to physical inspections, adopting preventive measures plays a crucial role in sustainable mouse management. This includes ensuring proper sanitation, storing food securely, and addressing structural vulnerabilities that might offer shelter or entry to these pests. While DIY methods can be effective for minor issues, professional pest control services offer comprehensive solutions, especially in cases of severe infestations. These experts not only help in eliminating the current problem but also provide guidance on long-term prevention strategies. Remember, the key to effective pest management is not just about removing the existing problem but also about creating an environment that discourages future infestations. Consistent effort, awareness, and adaptability to new pest control methods and insights are integral to keeping your space safe and mouse-free. Engaging with a community of homeowners or business owners facing similar issues can also be beneficial, as it provides a platform for sharing experiences, solutions, and preventive measures. FAQ: House Mice – Identification, Behavior, and Control How can I identify a house mouse? House mice are small rodents, typically grey or brown in color, measuring about 6-7 inches in length including their tail. Key identifiers include small feet, a small head, droppings, and gnaw marks. What are the common behaviors of house mice? House mice are primarily nocturnal and secretive. They adapt to indoor environments, feeding on grains and seeds. They are good climbers, usually staying within 10-30 feet of their nests. What are effective ways to control house mice? Control methods include sealing entry points to prevent access, regular inspections for signs of activity, and using traps or seeking professional extermination services for infestations. Are house mice dangerous? House mice can pose health risks by carrying diseases. They can also cause property damage through gnawing and nesting. What kind of food attracts house mice? House mice are attracted to grains, seeds, bird seed, and pet food. Keeping food in sealed containers and maintaining cleanliness helps deter them. How often should I inspect my property for house mice? Regular inspections are crucial, especially during seasonal changes or if you notice potential signs of infestation like droppings or noises. Can house mice climb well? Yes, house mice are excellent climbers and can easily scale walls, pipes, and other vertical surfaces. What should I do if I find a mouse nest in my home? If you find a nest, it’s important to safely remove it and clean the area thoroughly. Consider seeking professional help to ensure complete removal and prevent future infestations.

Master of Science (M.Sc.) Virginia Institute of Marine Science Episodic turbulence is a short-lived, high-intensity phenomenon in marine environments produced by both anthropogenic and natural causes, such as boat propellers, strong winds, and breaking waves. Episodic turbulence has been shown to cause mortality in zooplankton, but its effects on marine phytoplankton have rarely been investigated. This study focused on two diatoms: Thalassiosira weissflogii and Skeletonema costatum. I found that exposure for 45 s to turbulence intensities above 2.5 cm2 s-3 caused 24-32% reduction in diatom abundance and increased the amount of intact dead cells to 22%. Turbulence also caused extracellular release of optically reactive DOM. At a turbulence level of 4.0 cm2 s-3, photosynthetic efficiency (Fv/Fm) decreased from 0.51 to 0.38 and 0.55 to 0.50 in T. weissflogii and S. costatum respectively. These turbulence levels are comparable to those under breaking surface waves and are much smaller than those generated by boat propellers. Despite its relatively short duration, episodic turbulence has the potential to affect phytoplankton via lethal and sublethal effects. An improved technique using the Evans Blue stain was developed to enable visual live/dead plankton cell determinations. When used in conjunction with preservation and flow cytometry, this staining method allows the study of phytoplankton mortality due to turbulence and other environmental stresses. © The Author Garrison, Haley S., "Effects of Episodic Turbulence on Diatoms: with Comments on the use of Evans Blue Stain for Live-Dead Determinations" (2013). Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects. William & Mary. Paper 1539617938.

The Current State of Drone Technology Drones have come a long way since their inception in the early 20th century. Initially developed as military tools, drones have now found their place across a variety of other industries, including agriculture, logistics, and entertainment. With advancements in technology, drones have become smaller, faster, and more efficient than ever before. But drone technology is not stagnant. With the growing demand and increasing funding, drone technology is constantly evolving, and the future looks promising. What’s Next for Drone Technology? One of the most significant challenges that drone technology is currently facing is the issue of regulation. Governments around the world are struggling to keep up with the rapid pace of technological advancements in the drone industry. However, the future of drone technology looks promising. Here are some exciting developments to look out for: Autonomous drones equipped with artificial intelligence and machine learning algorithms will be able to operate without human intervention. They will be able to analyze data, make decisions, and respond to emergencies. These drones will revolutionize the way we approach search and rescue operations, disaster response, and even delivery services. Drone swarms are a group of drones that work together to accomplish a task. These swarms can perform complicated maneuvers such as building structures or even forming patterns in the air. With the ability to carry out tasks collectively, drone swarms have the potential to transform industries such as construction and agriculture. Hybrid drones are the next step in drone technology. These drones combine the capabilities of traditional helicopters and fixed-wing planes. They are more versatile, efficient, and will be able to perform tasks that were not possible with traditional drones. The future of drone technology is promising, and we can expect to see drones playing a more significant role in industries such as agriculture, logistics, construction, and entertainment. As drone technology continues to evolve, we can expect to see more innovative applications that will transform our lives in ways we never thought possible.

Ash Wednesday: The Thought of Death Summary of the Morrow’s Meditation We will consider tomorrow that the ceremony of the ashes invites us to sanctify Lent: first, by penance and mortification; second, by the thought of death. We will then make the resolution: first, cheerfully to embrace all the mortifications suitable to this holy season, fasting and abstinence, with all the crosses sent by Providence which we may encounter; second, to excite ourselves to do all these things well by means of the saying of St Bernard: “If you were destined to die today would you do this or that?” Meditation for the Morning Let us adore the Spirit of God inspiring the Church to institute the ceremony of the ashes in order to teach us what are the pious dispositions in which we ought to pass the holy season of Lent. Let us thank Him for this excellent institution, and let us beg Him to enable us to under stand it aright and to put it into practice. The ceremony of the ashes preaches to his penance and mortification From the most ancient times ashes placed upon the head have been an emblem of penance and sorrow. Job, when he repented that he had pleaded the cause of his innocence in too unmeasured language, cries out: ”Therefore I reprehend myself and do penance in dust and ashes” (Job xlii:6). As a penance for the sacrilegious theft committed by Achan at the taking of Jericho, Joshua and the ancients of Israel covered their heads with ashes (Jos. vii:6). Later on Judith, Esther, Mardochai, Judas Machabeus employed these means for turning away the anger of heaven; Jeremiah and all the prophets counselled this practice to the Jews who were stricken by God (Jer. xxv:34). Lastly, Our Lord Himself speaks of ashes as the symbol of penance, when He says of the inhabitants of Tyre and Sidon that if they had seen the miracles which had been worked by Him in the midst of Judea, they would have done penance in sackcloth and ashes (Matt. xi:21). This it is which explains why the primitive Church distinguished by means of ashes penitents from the faithful; and on the first day of Lent she covered with ashes the heads of all her children without distinction, for this reason, says Tertullian, that every Christian is born to live in penance. The ceremony of the ashes is therefore as a seal which binds us to penance, in such a manner that to receive ashes on our head without having contrition in our heart is to simulate a feeling which we do not possess: it is hypocrisy. Let us enter heartily into the spirit of penance from the first day of this holy season. The interest of our salvation requires it; Jesus Christ explicitly declares so by His words: “Except you do penance you shall all perish” (Luke xiii:5), and He teaches it still better by His example; the whole of His life was nothing more than a continual penance. All the saints, imitating Him, have performed penance, and what right have we to dispense ourselves from it? We have sinned many times, and all sin, even when remitted, demands penance. We have passions to conquer, temptations to combat, and penance is the surest preservative against both the one and the other. Let us here question our conscience: have we the spirit of penance suitable to the holy season of Lent? The ceremony of the ashes recalls to us the thought of death “O man” the Church says to us today, “remember that thou art dust and unto dust thou shalt return”. The Christian, therefore, who comes to listen to these words at the foot of the altar presents himself there as a victim who, submissive to the sentence pronounced upon him, comes to offer himself to be, when it shall so please the Sovereign Arbitrator of life and death, reduced to ashes and sacrificed to His glory. By this act he seems to say to God: Lord, I come to accomplish in spirit that which Thou wilt soon finish in deed. Thou hast resolved, in punishment of my sin, to reduce me on some coming day into ashes. I come myself to make the essay today. I fore stall the decree of Thy justice, and I already execute it. The Church in making us begin the holy season of Lent by this solemn acceptation of death, by the great sacrifice of all that we have and of all that we are, gives us to understand that she looks upon the thought of death as the most suitable one to make us pass through Lent in a holy manner, that is to say, in flying from sin and in the practice of penance and of all the virtues. Who indeed can think seriously of death and not keep himself always in a state of readiness to appear before God, and not watch over his words and actions, and not mortify himself in order to expiate his past faults and satisfy divine justice, and not multiply his good works and increase his merits (Gal. vi:10), and not detach himself from everything which will last for so short a time, and not repeat with St Bernard, If I were to die after this confession, how should I perform it; after this communion, how should I dispose myself for it; after this conversation, how should I speak; at the end of this week, of this month, how should I spend the time? Let us beg of God to enable us rightly to under stand this great lesson of death, and to make us deduce from it practical consequences suitable to the sanctification of Lent. Resolutions and spiritual nosegay as above.

An 1814 first edition copy of the sheet music and lyrics of “The Star Spangled Banner” sold for over $500,000 at a Christie’s auction in New York today. The pre-sale estimate was between $200,000 and $300,000, but the rarity of this piece drove the bidding way up. There are only 11 known copies of this edition, and the other 10 all belong to institutions, among them the Library of Congress and the Pierpont Morgan Library. This is the only one in private hands. It was bound into a book in around 1820 along with sheet music from 48 other popular songs of the time. A note on one of the other songs in the binding mark it as belonging to Mary Barnitz of York, Pennsylvania, or her father George, brother of Revolutionary War hero Joshua Barnitz and uncle of Joshua Jr. The latter fought in the war of 1812 with the 5th Maryland Regiment and was himself a witness to the 1814 bombing of Fort McHenry, the star-shaped Baltimore fort whose shelling inspired Francis Scott Key’s immortal lyrics. Key, then a young lawyer and amateur poet, is said to have boarded a truce vessel in Chesapeake Bay in an effort to negotiate the release of a detained American doctor, according to documents from the Smithsonian National Museum of American History. But Key was himself detained overnight by Royal Navy officials to ensure their plans for the assault on the fort were not revealed to its defenders. His vantage point aboard the British ship is said to have offered sweeping views of the ensuing battle, spanning the night of September 13 to the morning of September 14, 1814. “By the dawn’s early light,” Key saw that the fort’s flag — torn and singed from near-constant shelling — had remained flying above its walls. The inspiring words later were put to existing music and printed by Baltimore music publisher Thomas Carr. The poem was an immediate runaway success. It was published in newspapers and pamphlets as “The Defence of Fort McHenry” and circulated widely. Key’s brother-in-law set the words to the tune of another big success of the era: “The Anacreontic Song,” written by John Stafford Smith in the mid-1760s as a drinking song, basically, for a British gentleman’s club called the Anacreontic Society. (Here’s a YouTube of the Georgia Tech glee club doing a rousing rendition of the original.) Carr capitalized on its instant success and rushed the lyrics and music into print by November 18th, making 2 glaring errors in the process. He neglected to put Francis Scott Key’s name on it as the author, and he subtitled it “A Pariotic Song” instead of “A Patriotic Song.” Shortly thereafter he issued an amended version which corrected the mistakes, but of course that only makes the first run with the typo more valuable. The star-spangled banner itself, the 30-by-34-foot flag (the largest battle flag in existence) that survived a night of constant artillery shelling, is currently on display at the Smithsonian’s National Museum of American History in Washington, D.C. They also have an excellent online exhibition that covers the history of the flag and the song. Don’t miss the interactive zoomable flag with all kinds of facts about its history, damage and conservation.

I have a lot of budgies at home. If you are raising them for the first time, you may be prescribed by people around that it is okay to restrict them to a complete seed diet. But, that’s a misconception. Just like humans, budgies need a balanced diet and seeds are a part of their diet. You are risking their lives even without your knowledge. How long do budgies live on a seed diet? Budgies can live on a seed diet for not more than 2 weeks since an all-seed diet can affect levels of fats, vitamins, and minerals. The lifespan limits to 5-8 years on an all-seed diet. A balanced diet is important for their overall health and well-being. In this article, I will explain the ideal diet pattern for budgies and the implications of a seed diet. Lifespan of budgies on a seed diet It is important to provide your budgie with fresh fruits and vegetables, as well as a small number of bird pellets, to ensure they get the nutrients they need. Can budgies survive on just seeds? The answer to this question is both yes and no. Budgies can survive on a diet of seeds, but it is not the healthiest diet for them. Seeds are low in protein and other essential nutrients, so budgies that only eat seeds can become malnourished. According to Dr. Sophia Yin, if you supplement their seed diet with other foods, such as fresh fruits and vegetables, then they will be healthy and thrive. Budgies need a diet that is high in protein and other essential nutrients in order to stay healthy. A diet of seeds alone can leave them malnourished. Surviving on just seeds will potentially lead them to a number of health complications that can shorten their life spans as well. Is an all seed diet bad for budgies? An all-seed diet is extremely bad for budgies since it can affect feathers, develop obesity, increase fat levels, and also develop new diseases. When you provide an all-seed diet, it can leave them short of varieties. As a result, their feeding habits worsen over time. They may get reluctant to eat after a few days. According to Free Range Parrots, this all-seed diet is dangerous to parrots, budgies, and other birds. A diet with a good variety of fresh vegetables and fruits is much better for their health. It helps them to get the right amounts of different vitamins, minerals, and other nutrients that they need. Here is a video from Denny The Budgie. When you are not sure what to feed your bird, consult with a veterinarian or a specialist in avian nutrition. They will be able to provide you with a list of healthy foods to include in your bird’s diet. It is important to also provide fresh water for your budgie at all times. You can put a small dish of water on the bottom of the cage, or use a bird watering bottle that hangs on the side of the cage. Change the water every day, and clean the dish or bottle as needed. Debris and bacteria can grow in water that is not changed often enough, which can make your bird sick. What do budgies eat apart from seed? A diet for budgies should consist of a variety of fresh vegetables and fruits, in addition to a good quality seed mix. Dark leafy greens are especially important as they are high in nutrients, such as vitamin A, which is essential for healthy eyesight. Some good choices include kale, collard greens, broccoli, and carrots. Other healthy options include citrus fruits, such as oranges and grapefruits, and berries, such as strawberries and blueberries. It’s best to avoid feeding your budgie processed foods or items that are high in sugar, as these can be unhealthy. Budgies are also fond of birdie bread, which is a homemade mixture of whole-wheat flour, oatmeal, seeds, and water. This can be fed as a regular part of their diet or used as a training treat. Budgies will also enjoy crunching on fresh cuttlebone or mineral block. What seeds can budgies eat? Budgies can eat a variety of both bird and human food seeds. Some good budgie seed choices include: - Canary seed - Hemp seed - Sunflower seed - Safflower seed - Pumpkin seed - Chia seed Some people also offer their budgies bird seed mixes which can include a variety of different seeds. It is important to check the ingredients list on the seed mix before offering it to your bird to make sure there are no harmful ingredients like chocolate or avocado. As with any food, moderation is key when feeding seeds to your budgie. Too many seeds can lead to weight gain and health problems. So, what are you waiting for? Get to the pet store and stock up on some good budgie seeds for your feathered friend! There is also an alternative. How about trying seed sprouts for your budgies? Here’s how you can do it. Frequently asked questions Can budgies eat sunflower seeds? Budgies can eat sunflower seeds. Sunflower seeds are a great source of protein, fat, and minerals for budgies, and they can help to keep your bird healthy and happy. However, it is important to only give your bird a small amount of sunflower seeds at a time, as they can be high in fat. At what age do baby budgies eat seed? Most baby budgies will start to eat seed at around 3 or 4 weeks old. However, some may start a little earlier or later than this. At around 4 weeks, budgies learn to crack seeds and also enjoy crunching them. It is important to offer your baby budgie food regularly during this time, as they will need the nutrients to grow and develop properly. If you are wanting to start a new diet for your budgie, this is the perfect time to kickstart. How much seed does a budgie eat per day? A budgie can eat about 1.5 teaspoons of seeds per day. As they grow, they may need one more teaspoon of it. According to Bird Supplies, seeds are high in fat and can only be provided rarely. If you are going to give your budgie a treat, make sure that the seeds are hulled first so they can digest it better. Budgies, like other birds, have a crop that helps them store food before it goes down to their stomach. This is why they usually eat small bits at a time. If you give them too many seeds, they might end up getting sick. Should budgies eat pellets or seeds? Budgies should primarily eat seeds, but they can also eat pellets. Pellets are a good source of protein, vitamins, and minerals, while seeds are a good source of fiber. It is important to provide both types of food to your budgie to ensure that they are getting the nutrients they need. Some people recommend feeding budgies pellets exclusively, but this can lead to health problems. Budgies need the fiber that seeds provide in order to keep their digestive system healthy. If they only eat pellets, they may become constipated or develop other health problems. It is best to provide a mix of both pellets and seeds to your budgie. This will ensure that they are getting the nutrients they need, while also getting the fiber they need to stay healthy. How much millet should a budgie eat? Budgies should eat about 1/4 teaspoon of millet for every 10 grams of their body weight per day. This means that a 5-gram budgie should eat about 1/8 teaspoon of millet per day, while a 20-gram budgie should eat about 1/2 teaspoon of millet per day. Young budgies (under 4 months old) should have a slightly lower intake of millet, about 1/8 teaspoon per 10 grams of body weight. Be sure to only offer your budgie a small amount of millet at a time, as it can easily become overweight if it eats too much. The recommended amount of millet to give your budgie depends on its age and weight. How many times a day should a budgie eat? The recommended number of times a day that a budgie should eat is about three to four times. However, it is important to monitor your bird’s eating habits and adjust the number of times accordingly. If your bird isn’t eating as much as usual, increase the number of times per day that you offer food. Conversely, if your bird is overeating, reduce the number of times you offer food. As with all things bird-related, it is important to keep an eye on your budgie and make sure he or she is staying healthy! Should budgies have food all the time? Many people believe that budgies should have food all the time. This is because they need to eat frequently in order to stay healthy. If you don’t give your budgie food all the time, it may become malnourished and sick. In addition, if you don’t provide your budgie with food, it may start to scavenge for food, which can lead to problems like becoming overweight or developing a harmful addiction to junk food. Instead of depriving your budgie of food, it is best to provide it with a healthy diet that includes fresh fruits and vegetables, as well as quality bird feed. This will help keep your budgie healthy and happy. How often should my budgie have millet? Millet should be given to your budgie every day. It is a great source of nutrition for them and will help keep them healthy and happy. Millet can be found at most pet stores, so it is easy to find and give to your bird. Make sure to offer other foods as well, such as fruits and vegetables, to provide a balanced diet for your budgie. Why is my budgie not eating millet? There could be a few reasons why your budgie is not eating millet. One possibility is that your bird may simply not like the taste of millet. 2. Old food Another reason could be that there is something wrong with the millet, such as it being old or moldy. 3. Health issues Finally, your budgie may be experiencing health problems that are preventing it from eating. If you suspect that your bird is not eating due to health reasons, you should take him to a veterinarian for a check-up. How to make budgies eat millets? If your bird does not like the taste of millet, there are a few things you can do to try and get it to eat. - One option is to mix the millet with a different type of food that your bird likes. - Another option is to moisten the millet with water or fruit juice before giving it to your bird. - If you suspect that the millet is old or moldy, you should discard it and replace it with fresh millet. It is important to keep an eye on the millet to make sure that it does not go bad, as moldy food can be harmful to your bird. Do budgies eat the whole seed? Budgies break the seed leaving husks behind. They eat the kernel, or embryo, and discard the rest. Some bird species will eat the entire seed, hull, and all. For example, doves, thrashers, and cardinals will consume whole sunflower seeds. Many small birds such as chickadees, titmice, and nuthatches will also eat the entire seed. However, most birds that consume whole seeds do so because they are ground feeders and the hull is easily crushed. Why does my budgie throw his seed out? There could be a few reasons why your budgie throws his seed out. One possibility is that he is not getting enough to eat. If your budgie is not eating all of his food, he may throw some of it out in order to get attention from you. Another possibility is that your budgie doesn’t like the seed you are feeding him. If this is the case, try a different type of seed. There could also be a medical reason why your budgie throws his seed out. If your budgie has a health condition that causes him to vomit, he may throw his food out because he can’t keep it down. No matter what the reason is, it’s important to pay attention to your budgie when he is throwing his seed out. If he is doing it because he’s not getting enough to eat, you will need to make sure that he is eating enough. Whether you raise budgies or parrots or other birds, an all-seed diet is definitely not recommended considering numerous side effects. When you begin feeding budgies, remember to give them a balanced diet and plenty of water so they are in their best health conditions.

Acne and pimples are common skin conditions that many people struggle with. While they may seem similar, are there any differences between the two? Understanding the distinctions between acne and pimples can help you better treat and manage your skin concerns. Both acne and pimples are caused by clogged pores, but there are some key differences between the two. By knowing what sets them apart, you can take the necessary steps to prevent and treat them accordingly. Let's delve into the details and explore What are the differences between acne & pimples. Dos & Don’ts if You Have Acne What is Acne? Acne is a common skin condition characterized by the presence of pimples, blackheads, and whiteheads on the face, neck, chest, and back. It occurs when hair follicles become clogged with oil and dead skin cells, leading to inflammation and the formation of blemishes. Acne can range from mild to severe and may cause discomfort and self-consciousness Types of Acne - Whiteheads: Whiteheads are a type of acne that occurs when pores become clogged with oil, dead skin cells, and bacteria. They appear as small, white or flesh-colored bumps on the skin's surface and are often surrounded by redness or inflammation. - Blackheads: Blackheads are similar to whiteheads but have a dark appearance. They form when the pore is only partially blocked, allowing the trapped oil and dead skin cells to oxidize and turn black. Blackheads typically appear as small, dark dots on the skin, often on the nose, chin, and forehead. - Papules: Papules are small, red, raised bumps on the skin that are often tender to the touch. They occur when the walls of the pores break down, causing inflammation and swelling. Papules do not contain pus and should not be squeezed or popped, as this can lead to further irritation and scarring. - Pustules: Pustules are similar to papules but contain pus. They appear as red, inflamed bumps with a white or yellow center. Pustules are often referred to as "pimples" and can be painful or tender. It is important to avoid picking or popping pustules, as this can worsen the inflammation and increase the risk of scarring. - Nodules: Nodules are larger, solid, and painful lumps that develop deep within the skin. They are a more severe form of acne and occur when clogged pores become infected and inflamed. Nodules are often characterized by their firm texture and can take a long time to heal. They may leave behind scars or dark spots after they resolve. - Cysts: Cysts are the most severe form of acne and are large, painful, pus-filled lesions that develop deep within the skin. They are often caused by a combination of bacteria, oil, and dead skin cells. Cysts can be red, swollen, and tender to the touch. They have the potential to cause significant scarring if not treated properly. It is important to note that acne can vary in severity and may present as a combination of different types. Consulting with a dermatologist can help determine the appropriate treatment plan for individual acne concerns. What Are Pimples? Pimples are small inflammations or infections of the skin that occur when hair follicles become clogged with oil, dead skin cells, and bacteria. They typically appear as red, raised bumps on the skin and can be filled with pus. Pimples can occur on the face, neck, chest, back, and shoulders, and are most common during puberty due to hormonal changes. Factors such as excess oil production, bacteria, hormonal imbalances, certain medications, and genetics can contribute to the development of pimples. Differences Between Acne & Pimples Acne and pimples are both common skin conditions that can cause blemishes on the skin, but they have some key differences: - Definition: Acne is a broader term that refers to a chronic skin condition characterized by the occurrence of pimples, blackheads, whiteheads, and other types of blemishes. Pimples, on the other hand, are a specific type of acne lesion that occurs when hair follicles become clogged with oil, dead skin cells, and bacteria. - Severity: Acne can range from mild to severe, with varying degrees of inflammation and the presence of different types of blemishes. Pimples, however, are typically milder and localized, appearing as small red bumps on the skin. - Location: Acne can occur on various parts of the body, including the face, chest, back, and shoulders. Pimples are most commonly found on the face, particularly on the forehead, nose, and chin. - Causes: Acne is usually caused by a combination of factors, including hormonal changes, excess oil production, clogged pores, bacteria, and inflammation. Pimples are primarily caused by the clogging of hair follicles with oil, dead skin cells, and bacteria. - Duration: Acne is a chronic condition that can last for months or even years, with recurring flare-ups. Pimples, on the other hand, tend to be more temporary and may resolve within a few days or weeks. - Treatment: Both acne and pimples can be treated with similar approaches, such as topical creams, cleansers, and medications. However, severe acne may require more aggressive treatments, including oral medications or procedures performed by dermatologists. Overall, acne is a broader term that encompasses various types of blemishes, including pimples. Pimples, on the other hand, are a specific type of acne lesion characterized by localized red bumps on the skin. Causes of Acne & Pimples - Hormonal changes: Hormonal fluctuations, especially during puberty, can stimulate the production of sebum, an oily substance that can clog pores and lead to acne and pimples. - Excess oil production: Overactive oil glands can produce more oil than necessary, leading to clogged pores and acne breakouts. - Bacteria: Propionibacterium acnes, a bacteria that naturally resides on the skin, can multiply and cause inflammation when trapped in clogged pores, resulting in acne. - Dead skin cells: The shedding of dead skin cells can mix with excess oil, clogging pores and leading to the formation of pimples. - Certain medications: Some medications, such as corticosteroids or lithium, can trigger acne breakouts as a side effect. - Diet: Consuming a diet high in refined carbohydrates, sugary foods, and dairy products has been linked to an increased risk of developing acne. - Stress: Stress can stimulate the production of hormones like cortisol, which can increase oil production and lead to acne breakouts. - Genetics: Acne and pimples can be influenced by genetic factors, with a family history of acne increasing the likelihood of developing it. - Environmental factors: Exposure to certain pollutants, humidity, and excessive sweating can contribute to clogged pores and acne breakouts. - Poor skincare routine: Not properly cleansing the skin, using harsh skincare products, or frequently touching the face can aggravate acne and pimples. Symptoms of Acne and pimples Symptoms of Acne: - Blackheads and Whiteheads: - Blackheads (open comedones): Small, dark bumps on the skin's surface. - Whiteheads (closed comedones): Similar, but covered with a thin layer of skin, appearing as small, flesh-colored bumps. - Papules and Pustules: - Papules: Small, red bumps without pus. - Pustules: Red bumps with pus at the top. - Nodules and Cysts: - Nodules: Large, painful lumps beneath the skin's surface. - Cysts: Deep, painful, pus-filled lumps that can cause scarring. - Inflammation and Redness: - Inflamed areas with redness, tenderness, and swelling. - Oily Skin: - Excessive oil production contributes to clogged pores. - Acne lesions may leave scars, especially if not treated properly. Symptoms of Pimples: - Redness and Swelling: - Localized redness and swelling around the affected area. - Pus-Filled Bumps: - Small, raised bumps with a white or yellow center containing pus. - Sensitivity or pain when touching the pimple. - Occasional Itching: - Some individuals may experience mild itching around the pimple. - Temporary Nature: - Pimples are often temporary and may come and go. It's important to note that both acne and pimples can vary widely in severity, and individual experiences may differ. Seeking professional advice for persistent or severe cases is recommended. Prevention of Acne and pimples Acne and pimples are common skin conditions that can be prevented effectively with the following methods: - Cleanse your face twice a day: Use a gentle cleanser to wash your face in the morning and evening. This helps to remove excess oil, dirt, and bacteria that can contribute to acne. - Avoid touching your face: Touching your face with dirty hands can transfer bacteria and oil to your skin, leading to breakouts. Try to avoid touching your face throughout the day. - Use non-comedogenic skincare products: Look for skincare products that are labeled as non-comedogenic, meaning they won't clog your pores. These products are less likely to cause acne or make existing acne worse. - Use topical treatments: Over-the-counter topical treatments containing ingredients like benzoyl peroxide or salicylic acid can help to reduce acne and pimples. These ingredients work by killing bacteria, unclogging pores, and reducing inflammation. - Avoid picking or popping pimples: Picking or popping pimples can lead to scarring and further inflammation. It's best to leave them alone and let them heal naturally. - Maintain a healthy diet: Eating a balanced diet with plenty of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains can help to support healthy skin. Avoiding excessive consumption of sugary and greasy foods may also help to reduce acne. - Keep your hair clean: If you have oily hair, make sure to wash it regularly and keep it away from your face. Oily hair can contribute to acne by transferring oil and bacteria onto your skin. - Manage stress levels: High levels of stress can worsen acne and pimples. Practice stress management techniques like exercise, meditation, or deep breathing exercises to help keep stress levels in check. - Avoid excessive sun exposure: While a little sun exposure can help to dry out acne, too much can lead to skin damage and potentially worsen acne in the long run. Use non-comedogenic sunscreen when spending time outdoors. - Consult a dermatologist: If over-the-counter treatments are not effective or if you have severe acne, it's best to consult a dermatologist. They can provide personalized treatment options such as prescription medications or in-office procedures to help clear your skin. Treatment of Acne and pimples Treatment of Acne: - Topical Retinoids: - Prescription or over-the-counter creams containing retinoids to unclog pores and promote cell turnover. - Oral or topical antibiotics to reduce inflammation and control bacteria. - Benzoyl Peroxide: - Over-the-counter medication that kills bacteria and helps to clear blocked oil glands. - Salicylic Acid: - Topical treatment to exfoliate the skin and unclog pores. - Hormonal Therapies: - Birth control pills or anti-androgen medications for hormonal acne in women. - Isotretinoin (Accutane): - A potent oral medication for severe, persistent acne, prescribed under strict medical supervision. - Lifestyle Changes: - Maintaining a consistent skincare routine, avoiding harsh products, and practicing good hygiene. - Chemical Peels and Laser Therapy: - In-office procedures to reduce acne lesions and improve skin texture. - Corticosteroid Injections: - For treating large, painful acne nodules. - Proper Skincare: - Regular cleansing, avoiding excessive sun exposure, and using natural, chemical-free, non-comedogenic products. Treatment of Pimples: - Topical Treatments: - Over-the-counter creams with benzoyl peroxide or salicylic acid to reduce inflammation. - Warm Compress: - Applying a warm compress to the affected area can help reduce swelling and promote drainage. - Avoid Picking: - Refrain from squeezing or picking pimples to prevent infection and scarring. - Antibacterial Cleansers: - Use gentle cleansers containing antibacterial agents. - Tea Tree Oil: - Applying diluted tea tree oil, known for its antimicrobial properties. - Over-the-Counter Spot Treatments: - Creams or gels containing sulfur or resorcinol for targeted treatment. - Honey and Aloe Vera: - Natural remedies like honey or aloe vera with anti-inflammatory properties. - Stay Hydrated: - Drinking plenty of water to maintain skin hydration. - Proper Diet: - A balanced diet with fewer processed foods and sugar. - Consult a Dermatologist: - Seek professional advice for persistent or severe cases, especially if accompanied by pain or scarring. Individual responses to treatments vary, and consulting a dermatologist can help tailor a plan to specific needs. Why Ningen products are safe for acne & pimples? Ningen products are crafted with a meticulous focus on skin health, making them exceptionally safe for acne and pimples. Our formulations feature gentle yet effective natural ingredients known for their anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties. The absence of harsh chemicals and comedogenic substances ensures that Ningen products do not exacerbate acne. Instead, they work synergistically to soothe irritated skin, regulate oil production, and promote a clearer complexion. Rigorous testing and adherence to dermatological standards underscore our commitment to creating a skincare solution that is not only safe but actively beneficial for those dealing with acne and pimples. In summary, differentiating between acne and pimples is essential for effective skincare. Although these terms are often used interchangeably, acne is a broader condition encompassing various skin issues, including pimples. Acne, a chronic inflammatory condition, results from excess oil, clogged pores, and bacterial growth. Pimples, a specific type of acne lesion, are raised red bumps. Recognizing these differences empowers individuals to make informed skincare decisions and seek appropriate treatments. Consulting a dermatologist is crucial for personalized advice and effective management of skin health. Frequently Asked Questions: Question 1: Can stress cause acne? A: Yes, stress can contribute to acne. Elevated stress levels may stimulate the production of hormones that increase oil production, leading to clogged pores and breakouts. Managing stress is crucial for maintaining clear skin. Question 2: At what age can you get acne? A: Acne can develop at any age, but it's most common during puberty and adolescence. Hormonal changes trigger increased oil production, leading to breakouts. However, adults can also experience acne due to factors like hormonal fluctuations, stress, or underlying health issues. Question 3: What is adult acne? Answer: Adult acne refers to the occurrence of acne breakouts in individuals beyond their teenage years. It can result from hormonal fluctuations, stress, genetics, or underlying health issues. The symptoms and treatment may differ from adolescent acne, often requiring tailored skincare routines or medical intervention. Question 4: Does diet affect acne? Answer: Yes, diet can influence acne. Certain foods, especially those high in refined sugars and dairy, may exacerbate breakouts in some individuals. However, the impact varies, and a balanced diet with adequate nutrients plays a crucial role in maintaining overall skin health. Consulting a dermatologist for personalized advice is recommended. Question 5: Can I use make-up if I have acne? Answer: Yes, you can use makeup if you have acne. Opt for non-comedogenic, oil-free products. Ensure thorough removal, choose products labeled "acne-friendly," and consider mineral makeup. Prioritize skincare, and consult a dermatologist for tailored advice on managing acne while using makeup. Question 6: Are acne and pimples caused by the same factors? Answer: Yes, both acne and pimples can be caused by factors such as excess oil production, clogged pores, bacteria, and hormonal changes. Acne represents a spectrum of skin issues, while pimples are one specific manifestation. Question 7: Can acne be more severe than a few pimples? Answer: Yes, acne can range from mild to severe, involving various types of blemishes like blackheads, whiteheads, cysts, and nodules. Pimples are just one form of acne lesion.

While going to the restroom is a fleeting thought in the daily lives of citizens in urban spaces, as mundane as breathing or walking — for refugees, deciding to use a restroom can be a costly consideration and mean putting their safety at risk. By Jasmine Moheb For many of us living in the richest countries in the world, we do not experience the challenges of only having access to restrooms that are over capacity, lack proper safeguards such as doors and locks, and are exposed to outside dangers. However, this is a reality that is faced daily by communities that have been displaced from their homes and are facing uncertain living conditions. Refugees compose a substantial number of the 4.2 billion people in the world that do not have proper access to toilets, according to the United Nations Human Rights Commission. Just one example from the Democratic Republic of the Congo shows that about 55 percent of the 7,217 refugees who arrived in Mulongwe since 2017 have constructed their own latrines due to insufficient facilities. Something that should be a basic necessity is severely limited among those who do not have permanent homes. Continue reading “Under the International Radar: Refugees and Restrooms” The cramped conditions in refugee camps. Image used under Creative Commons License By Michael Murphy The social impacts of COVID-19 on the global population have been well known since its declaration as a public health emergency. Each nation has been forced to negotiate its own priorities and plan accordingly, often creating a patchwork of different plans in different areas. While the citizens of each country have had varying degrees of difficulty adjusting to the new international situation, refugees have been ignored, sidelined, and immobilized. Continue reading “The Precarity and Resilience of Refugees during COVID-19” Photo by Alex Gunn showing graffiti art by refugees in the Zaatari Refugee Camp. By Michael Murphy In 2011, the Syrian Civil War placed refugees on the global stage. Amid al-Assad’s barrel bombs, The Syrian Refugee Crisis was born. Videos depicting thousands of people fleeing their homes filled the airwaves. It wasn’t the first case of forced displacement, but European countries reeled from the sudden surge of humanitarian need all the same, with each country giving a kneejerk reaction on how to handle the hundreds of thousands of newcomers fleeing violence. Meanwhile, millions fled to neighboring countries–Lebanon, Turkey, Egypt, Iraq, and Jordan—each already struggling with the refugees of the wars in the previous century. Before long, attention turned to North Africa. Images of rubber boats filled to the brim with desperate souls being tossed on the waves of the Mediterranean became unavoidable. Finally, in 2015, the image of Alan Kurdi, a young boy whose body lay on the beach after having drowned on the journey from Turkey to Europe, drew virulent international outrage. Continue reading “Refugee Lives: Trauma, Celebrations, and Limbo”

In 1847, Edgar Allan Poe’s wife Virginia died of tuberculosis. The couple had been married for just four years, and her death came as a great shock to Poe. After Virginia’s death, Poe began to drink heavily and became increasingly depressed. His work during this period reflects his dark state of mind, and he often wrote about death and loss. 1. When did Virginia Eliza Clemm Poe get tuberculosis? 1.1. What happened to Edgar Allan Poe in 1811 2. Who in Poe’s life was afflicted by tuberculosis? 3. Why did Edgar Allan Poe get kicked out of West Point? 3.1. How does tuberculosis manifest itself 4. What was Edgar Allan Poe suffering from? 4.1. How old was Elizabeth the first when her mother was killed 5. How long was Edgar Allan Poe an orphan? 6. Warp Up Edgar Allan Poe lost his wife to tuberculosis in 1847. When did Virginia Eliza Clemm Poe get tuberculosis? In January 1842, she contracted tuberculosis, growing worse for five years until she died of the disease at the age of 24 in the family’s cottage, at that time outside New York City. Elizabeth Poe was the mother of famous poet Edgar Allan Poe. She passed away from tuberculosis in 1811, leaving behind her three young children. Her death had a profound impact on Poe and is thought to be one of the driving forces behind his dark and macabre writings. What happened to Edgar Allan Poe in 1811 Eliza Poe, the mother of famed writer Edgar Allan Poe, died of tuberculosis on December 8th, 1811 in Richmond, Virginia. After her death, Edgar was taken in by John and Frances Allan, a Richmond couple. The Allans did not officially adopt Edgar, so he was unable to take their last name. Instead, he became known as Edgar Allan Poe. Poe would go on to become one of the most celebrated writers in American history. Edgar was only 2 years old when his mother, Eliza Poe, passed away from tuberculosis. Jane Stanard, who was Edgar’s second mother, died from brain cancer. These two early losses in his life must have had a profound effect on young Edgar. Who in Poe’s life was afflicted by tuberculosis? Edgar Allan Poe was a great writer who was deeply affected by the women he loved throughout his life. Many of the women he loved, including his mother, adoptive mother and wife, died of tuberculosis. This had a profound impact on his writing, as their absences played a huge role in his work. There is only one known portrait of Edgar Allan Poe’s child bride, Virginia Clemm. The portrait is a painting of her corpse. Clemm was Poe’s cousin. When Poe, age 27, married her, she was just 13. Why did Edgar Allan Poe get kicked out of West Point? Au naturel or not, Poe’s dereliction had the desired effect. He was dismissed from West Point on March 6, 1831, after a court-martial for neglecting duties and disobeying orders. Although the exact words that Edgar Allan Poe said before his death remain a mystery, it is clear that he was in great pain and suffering. Moran’s report of his final words gives us a glimpse into the mind of a man who was clearly struggling with his impending death. It is a touching reminder of the humanity of even the most famous and successful people. How does tuberculosis manifest itself Tuberculosis (TB) is a serious infection that affects the lungs. The symptoms of TB disease include feelings of sickness or weakness, weight loss, fever, and night sweats. The symptoms of TB disease of the lungs also include coughing, chest pain, and the coughing up of blood. Symptoms of TB disease in other parts of the body depend on the area affected. Broadway Journal was one of the most popular magazines of its time. Unfortunately, it went under in January 1846. This left Poe without a regular venue for his writing. He also alienated many of his fellow writers and editors, making it difficult to get published and make money. What was Edgar Allan Poe suffering from? Poe suffered from recurrent depression, suggesting a bipolar disorder, as well as alcohol and drug abuse, which in fact led to his death from complications related to alcoholism. Various hypotheses were put forward, including Wernicke’s encephalopathy. Edgar Allan Poe was born in 1809 in Boston, Massachusetts, to actors Elizabeth Arnold Poe and David Poe, Jr. His father abandoned his family and disappeared when Poe was just two years old. In 1815, Poe moved to England with John and Frances Allan, and he entered the boarding school of the Misses Dubourg. Poe’s early life was filled with tragedy and hardship. His father was absent and his mother died when he was just two years old. Despite this, Poe was able to find some happiness in his life with the Allan family. He attended a good school and had a happy childhood, although he was always aware of the dark events that had occurred in his young life. How old was Elizabeth the first when her mother was killed It is hard to imagine what Elizabeth must have felt, losing her mother at such a young age. It must have been especially difficult for her to understand why her mother was executed, given that she was only two years old at the time. Elizabeth was undoubtedly affected by her mother’s death and it must have had a profound impact on her life. Although Edgar Allan Poe had no children, numerous people are under the misunderstanding that they are descendants Many are actually descendants of Poe’s cousins, especially Neilson Poe, but others are no relation at all. It is interesting how many people believe they are related to Edgar Allan Poe, when in reality they are not. It is even more fascinating how many people are actually related to Poe’s cousins. I’m sure the misunderstanding is due to the fact that Poe was such a prolific writer and his work is so well-known. Regardless, it is still an interesting topic to think about. How long was Edgar Allan Poe an orphan? Poe became an orphan at a very young age when both of his parents passed away in 1811. John Allan, a tobacco merchant from Richmond, Virginia, took him in and raised him as his own. Poe was sent to a boarding school in London, England, where he received a great education. Even though he was not related to them by blood, the Allans gave Poe everything he could have ever wanted and loved him as if he were their own child. The Red Death plagues the fictional country where this tale is set, and it causes its victims to die quickly and gruesomely. Edgar Allan Poe’s wife, Virginia, died of tuberculosis on January 30, 1847. Edgar Allen Poe’s wife, Virginia, died of tuberculosis in 1847. As a literary enthusiast with a deep knowledge of Edgar Allan Poe's life and works, I can provide a comprehensive understanding of the concepts mentioned in the article. Virginia Eliza Clemm Poe's Tuberculosis: - Virginia contracted tuberculosis in January 1842. - She grew worse over five years until her death at the age of 24 in 1847. 1.1. Edgar Allan Poe in 1811: - In 1811, Edgar Allan Poe's biological mother, Elizabeth Poe, died of tuberculosis. - Edgar, at the age of 2, faced the loss of his mother, impacting him profoundly. Tuberculosis Afflictions in Poe's Life: - Edgar Allan Poe was deeply affected by tuberculosis in the lives of women he loved, including his mother, adoptive mother, and wife. - These losses played a significant role in shaping his dark and macabre writings. Edgar Allan Poe's Dismissal from West Point: - Poe was expelled from West Point on March 6, 1831, due to neglecting duties and disobeying orders. 3.1. Manifestation of Tuberculosis: - Tuberculosis (TB) primarily affects the lungs, leading to symptoms such as weakness, weight loss, fever, night sweats, coughing, chest pain, and coughing up blood. Edgar Allan Poe's Sufferings: - Poe suffered from recurrent depression, suggesting bipolar disorder, and struggled with alcohol and drug abuse. - His death in 1849 resulted from complications related to alcoholism. 4.1. Poe's Early Life: - Born in 1809, Poe's father abandoned the family when he was 2, and his mother died when he was very young. - Despite hardships, Poe found some happiness with the Allan family in England. Elizabeth's Age When Her Mother Died: - Elizabeth Poe, Edgar's mother, was executed when he was two years old. - Her death undoubtedly had a profound impact on her daughter Elizabeth. - Poe became an orphan in 1811 when both parents died. - John Allan, a tobacco merchant, took him in and raised him in London, providing education and care. In conclusion, the tragic events in Poe's life, including the deaths of his mother, adoptive mother, and wife due to tuberculosis, significantly influenced his literary works. His struggles with mental health, dismissal from West Point, and orphanhood further contribute to the complex narrative of Edgar Allan Poe's life.

What is an open source software community? Answer: An open source software community is a group of people united by the shared purpose of developing, maintaining, extending, and promoting a specific body of open source software. These communities are often globally distributed—their members occupy different geographic regions and work across numerous industries. What unites them is their common vision for the open source software project—as well as the spirit of camaraderie and collective identity that participating in the community affords them. What are upstream communities? Answer: The community-driven ecosystem of open source software is vast and difficult to visualize, so many developers tend to describe it metaphorically, preferring the language of waterways and tributaries. Software that forms the foundation of other software is said to exist "upstream" from that software. When "upstream" software undergoes changes, those changes flow "downstream" to the open source projects that rely on them. When programmers working "downstream" create innovations that might benefit others, they can submit those changes "upstream" to their parent projects, so those improvements can ripple outward to everyone utilizing those same upstream projects. Red Hat® Enterprise Linux®, for example, exists "downstream" from many open source software projects that comprise it, such as Fedora® and CentOS Stream. Those projects, in turn, rely on additional "upstream" projects—like the Linux kernel, the GNOME desktop environment, and hundreds more. How does an open source software community form? Answer: Open source software communities form when people agree to work together to build and improve software. For this to occur, a person or group building software must make that software available to others—by releasing the software's source code and expressly giving others permission to copy, modify, and redistribute it (typically under the terms of a specific open source license). Because open source communities are globally distributed, they typically form online through the shared use of electronic mailing lists, forums like Discourse, and code-sharing platforms like GitHub. How does someone get involved in an open source community? Most open source software communities don't have formal membership applications or approval processes. More commonly, people get involved in projects simply by contributing to them in some way—for example, by fixing bugs in software code, creating new features for an application, writing and editing documentation, creating logos and graphics, promoting adoption of the software, representing the project at a conference and other events, or assisting others who have questions about the software. In short, people earn membership in open source software communities by virtue of their contributions to those communities and the positive reputations they establish as a result of those contributions. Why do people join open source software communities? People join open source software communities for many different reasons. Many join because working on the software is part of their jobs—either because their organizations hired them to develop it, or because their jobs depend on the software working well. They join communities so they can directly impact the development of software on which they (or their organizations) rely for critical operations. Other people join because communities offer opportunities for them to sharpen their skills by working alongside and learning from others. Some join because doing so allows them to collaboratively solve a problem they're experiencing. Some join because of their belief in the importance of contributing to a common set of resources beneficial to everyone. And others join for the purpose of socializing, or for a sense of identity and affiliation. Why would an organization want to get involved in an open source software community? Organizations increasingly rely on open source software applications for various critical operations, as much of the world's most innovative and effective applications are open source. So they participate in open source software communities because they're invested in the long-term viability, stability, and security of those applications—and, often, because they want to influence development of those applications' features and functionalities. Other organizations participate in open source software communities because they'd like the software they've developed to become an industry-wide standard—they open their work in the hope that others will more quickly adopt and integrate it. Many organizations find that participating in open source software communities allows them to access a wider talent pool than they could if they developed their applications entirely in house. How can an organization start participating in an open source software community? Answer: Consider engaging an open source community using the same approach you might take when you move into a new neighborhood. Introduce yourself and work to understand the community's history, values, and dynamics before proposing big changes. Make new friends by performing small jobs. Fix bugs in source code. Edit documentation. Build installation scripts. If your organization is able to allocate additional resources to support the community, consider sponsoring that community's activity at events or hiring community developers so they're able to spend more time working on the project. Just note that arriving in a community with more people than it can comfortably welcome at one time may elicit a reaction from the community, which can be counterproductive to an organization's long-term goals. And choose your organization's initial participants in a community wisely. Individuals—not organizations—join open source communities, and the trust one participant garners is not automatically transferrable to another. Can companies who are market competitors participate in the same open source communities? Answer: Yes, and many do. These companies have determined that collaborating on mutually beneficial software applications or standards is more valuable than competing to develop different, perhaps incompatible, technologies. Instead, their business models involve building market-differentiating and revenue-generating innovations on top of these shared technological foundations. How should an organization determine whether to get involved in an open source software community? Answer: Getting involved in an open source software community has important organizational, procedural, and legal implications for an enterprise. Most organizations that are seriously invested in open source software development fund internal open source program offices to advise the organization on matters related to open source community participation. Others partner with industry-leading open source experts like Red Hat. How does Red Hat build products with community-produced open source projects? Answer: Red Hat supports, catalyzes, and participates in open source communities to build better technologies and advocate for our customers in them. Red Hat transforms community-driven projects into enterprise-ready products—we combine multiple upstream components into integrative, cohesive wholes that solve problems for our customers. Every product Red Hat ships is open source. In fact, before we create a product, we ensure that we are able to make changes to the projects we intend to include in it. How does Red Hat make money selling the open source software these communities are developing? Answer: Open source communities can develop software at an incredibly fast pace. They make changes and introduce innovations regularly. Many organizations that rely on open source software want to reap the benefits of those innovations, but they can't always operate at the same pace that communities do. They require a degree of consistency and stability not typical of fast-moving, community-driven software development. Red Hat provides this consistency and stability. Red Hat continually integrates newly developed open source software into solutions for customers, updates the software with the latest security patches, ensures that modifications to the software do not disrupt customers' operations, offers expert support for the software, trains people to administer the software, certifies the software to operate on industry-standard hardware platforms—and more. Customers who rely on open source software purchase subscriptions to these services from Red Hat.

Top 10 Coolest Facts About OceansMankind knows almost everything there is to know about the world which we live on, with scientific explanations for every mystery and photos of every corner of our lands, but the one thing that's still extremely mysterious and unexplored on our Earth are our oceans. You've probably got a good idea of what our oceans are like, and you've probably been in one at some point of your life, but in reality, we don't know much about the water that covers 71% of our Earth, and some of the things that we do know are mind-boggling. I'm sure that if you were asked whether there was more life in or out of the oceans on Earth, you'd probably assume that there's more life in the oceans, because they do cover much more of the Earth's surface than land does, but I doubt that you'd expect there to be such a gigantic imbalance, with 19 out of 20 living things on our planet coming from the oceans. This is just an estimate, because scientists haven't been able to explore much of the ocean and still have to classify a huge amount of the species who live there, but it's a very accurate estimate, and if it were to be wrong, it would only be because we estimated too low, meaning that it could be more like 96%. It kind of makes sense because almost three quarters of earth is water, and there is much more space in terms of depth for fish to live. Crazy then, because humans are overpopulating the planet and yet are still only a tiny fraction of the total population. While many would argue that it's not possible to have a waterfall underwater, you actually can. When different types of water meet, (for example, the fresh water that's near the surface meeting the saltier groundwater), the different temperatures can form huge volumes of water going down over cliffs, behaving almost exactly like a real waterfall. The Denmark Straight Cataract is more than 3 times taller than the highest above-water waterfall, Angel Falls in Venezuela, and is so enormous that it actually carries 2 thousand times more water than the Niagara Falls. I did not know this, very interesting. Many people say that trees recycle our carbon dioxide and produce oxygen and that without them, we would be in a lot of trouble when it comes to breathing, but really, that's not completely true. Though trees are super important in many other ways, the main thing that we have to thank for our oxygen are the oceans. More specifically, aquatic plants, things like plankton, kelp, and algae, as well as some bacteria, which are individually extremely small, but so numerous, and all over the huge amount of space in the oceans, that it produces an incredible amount of oxygen, which is often consumed right there by other animals in the ocean, but lots of it still makes its way to the air we breathe. One weird thing about the oceans (and really, just water in general) is that sound actually travels a lot faster, which isn't what you would expect considering how much more dense water is, but it's actually true, and depending on the temperature of the water, it can be even faster. It makes trying to find out where the many sounds that scientists hear in the oceans come from really hard because it's travelling so fast, it could've come from anywhere! One thing that's both intriguing and creepy at the same time is that all of the underwater species that we've classified, from sharks to whales to orcas to jellyfish to minnows, is only an estimated 91% of all the species that live in oceans. Almost all of these undiscovered species would live so deep underwater that they'll live without light, and under pretty extreme pressure, so I'm sure that there are some pretty incredible creatures down there. Who knows what could exist at that depth! I don't even want to know what these species might look like. The ones we discovered already look horrible, I can't even imagine how uglier the others are. Of all the famous mountain ranges on our land, from the Alps to the Rockies to the Himalayas, the largest is a mountain range called the Andes, with a length of around 7 thousand kilometers. The biggest of all the underwater mountain ranges, which usually mark the border between tectonic plates, is the Mid-Ocean Ridge, and it is around 65 thousand kilometers, over 9 times the length of the Andes, and extremely deep in the ocean. We know about as much as we possibly can about oceans, but they're so vast and so deep that we've only been able to explore about 5% of the oceans, which is quite a bit, but still a very small amount when compared to all that we still need to explore. While most of us picture the kind of ocean that you'd have seen on Planet Earth videos or on the internet, of fish and other sea creatures only a few hundred, and at the most, a couple thousand feet below the surface, most of the ocean is without any light at all, and humans haven't explored it very much. That's actually scary to think a vast majority of the oceans hasn't been discovered yet. Who knows what could be hiding down there. I'm sure that many people here know that the moon's not as big as you would think, the United States is actually slightly wider than the Moon, but it goes to show how big the Pacific Ocean is that 5 moons would have to be lined up to go from one end of it to the other. In the average spot in the Pacific Ocean, it's more like only 3 or 4 times wider, but at its widest point, which is from Indonesia to the top of South America, it's well over the length of 5 moons, which is pretty crazy to think about. To put it into perspective to you, that's enough gold to give every single person alive on Earth right now 9 pounds of gold, with is worth a good chunk of money. In fact, all the gold in every government reserve, bank vault, or personal collection is less than 200 thousand tons, which pales in comparison to the 20 million deep in the ocean. You may be thinking "yay, free gold, time to go for a swim!" but the oceans are so huge that you could search for hours with hundreds of people and not find anything, and if you did it would probably be too diluted to be worth much, anyways. Think about how much you use water every day, for drinking, bathing, washing things, brushing your teeth, and whatever else you do. Think about literally every single person on Earth doing that every day, too. All of that water isn't even a tiny fraction of the water on Earth, because the oceans are simply so massive that they contain over 96.5% of the water on Earth, and this is an immeasurably high amount of water. I learned this when I was about 11, give or take a year. If you go too deep, the vessel you are traveling in has too much water pressure above it that it gets crushed like a tin can.

The Internet’s Impact on Design and Fashion: A Digital Revolution In the past few decades, the Internet has revolutionized nearly every aspect of our lives, and the design and fashion industry is no exception. From the way designers create and showcase their work to how consumers discover and purchase new trends, the Internet has transformed the landscape of design and fashion in ways we could have never imagined. 1. Global Reach and Accessibility The Internet has broken down geographical barriers, allowing designers and fashion brands to reach a global audience like never before. With a simple click, a designer’s creations can be shared with millions of people around the world, instantly gaining exposure and recognition. This accessibility has given rise to new talents and has democratized the industry, providing opportunities for emerging designers to showcase their work alongside established names. 2. Instant Inspiration and Collaboration Designers and fashion enthusiasts no longer have to rely solely on magazines or fashion shows for inspiration. The Internet offers a vast array of platforms, such as social media, blogs, and online communities, where individuals can discover and share their favorite designs, styles, and trends. This instant access to inspiration has fueled creativity and collaboration, allowing designers to draw influences from different cultures and perspectives. 3. E-Commerce and Direct-to-Consumer The rise of e-commerce has completely transformed the way consumers shop for fashion. With just a few clicks, shoppers can browse and purchase clothing and accessories from the comfort of their own homes. This shift has disrupted traditional retail models, giving rise to direct-to-consumer brands that bypass the middleman and offer high-quality products at affordable prices. The Internet has also enabled smaller, independent designers to reach a wider audience, leveling the playing field against established fashion houses. 4. Virtual Try-On and Augmented Reality Advancements in technology have brought about exciting innovations in the design and fashion industry. Virtual try-on and augmented reality (AR) technologies allow consumers to virtually try on clothing and accessories before making a purchase. This not only enhances the online shopping experience but also reduces the rate of returns, as customers can get a better sense of how an item will look and fit. 5. Data-Driven Design and Personalization The Internet has provided designers and brands with an abundance of data that can be analyzed to gain insights into consumer preferences and behaviors. This data-driven approach allows designers to create personalized experiences, tailor their offerings to specific target markets, and make informed design decisions. By understanding what consumers want, designers can create collections that resonate with their audience and increase customer satisfaction. 6. Sustainability and Ethical Fashion The Internet has played a crucial role in raising awareness about sustainability and ethical fashion practices. Through online platforms and social media, consumers are now more informed and conscious about the environmental and social impact of their fashion choices. This has led to a growing demand for sustainable and ethically produced clothing, pushing designers and brands to adopt more responsible practices and prioritize transparency in their supply chains. 7. Influencer Culture and Social Media Social media platforms have given rise to a new breed of influencers who have a significant impact on consumer behavior and trends. Fashion bloggers, YouTubers, and Instagrammers have become powerful voices in the industry, shaping the way people perceive and engage with fashion. Brands now collaborate with influencers to promote their products, leveraging their large followings and authentic connections with their audiences. The Internet has brought about a digital revolution in the design and fashion industry, transforming the way designers create, consumers shop, and trends emerge. It has opened up new opportunities for creativity, collaboration, and global reach. As technology continues to evolve, we can only expect further innovations that will continue to shape the future of design and fashion.

Identifying What Your Pottery Will Be Used for Is the First Consideration When Choosing the Correct Glaze. Then you hear the glaze types – Matte Finish, Transparent, Translucent, Opaque., Underglaze, Overglaze, you can get confused and overwhelmed very quickly. Glazes Are Not Just the Coatings That Give Your Pots Their Color and Texture. You will Need to Know What Type of Glaze Will Work Best for Your Projects Before You Start Glazing. Follow Along as I help you Learn How to Choose the correct Glaze for your next Pottery Making Project. Affiliate Disclaimer: We are ambassadors or affiliates for many of the brands we reference on the website. As an Amazon Associate, I earn from qualifying purchases. The firing temperature of your kiln has the biggest impact on the glaze that you choose. You have three main types of glazes: low-fire pottery glazes, mid-fire pottery glazes, and high-fire pottery glazes. What are Low fire glazes? Low-fire glazes have the advantage in depth of color and use less energy to achieve the desired results. Most Potters use low-fire glazes at temperatures between 1828 degrees Fahrenheit (998 C) to 1945 degrees Fahrenheit (1063 C). Glazes like this usually have a bright and vibrant color. Also, low-fire glazes support a high gloss. The most popular range firing of Low-fire glazes is from Cone 04 to Cone 06. One of the most common clays that you will use with low-fire glazes is the earthenware clay. This clay has a highly plastic (workable) body. Pay attention to the color of the clay because that matters. You may see an entirely unexpected color that you didn’t want. For example, you could apply a low-fire glaze to brown or red clay and get a different color than you anticipated. What is a Mid Range Glaze? The mid-range or mid-fire glaze is used on porcelain and stoneware clay. Stoneware is the most common mid-fire clay, but you do see it used for porcelain more and more. The mid-fire glaze temperatures range from 2167 degrees Fahrenheit (1186 C) to 2262 degrees Fahrenheit (1239 C). Historically, potters used mid-fire and high-fire glazes for more earthy colors but are moving towards brighter colors also. An estimated 75 percent of potters use mid-fire glazes, according to Ceramics Monthly. Usually, mid-fire glazes range from Cone 5 to Cone 6. Important to note: Low-fire, mid-fire, and high-fire glazes mature at varying temperatures. Many Potters choose mid-fire glaze when they want the piece to have a practical purpose rather than decorative one. Mid-fire glazes most often get used for functional purposes because they are more durable. The colors generally looked duller, but as technology has advanced, we have brighter mid-fire glazes. What is High Fire Glaze? High-fire glazes use Cone 8 to Cone 10. Many porcelain and stoneware clays use high-fire temperatures and high-fire glazes. Temperatures for high-fire glazes will range from 2280 degrees Fahrenheit (1249 C) to 2345 degrees Fahrenheit (1285 C). Similar to mid-fire glazes, the colors can look more muted and dulled, but the technologies of today have improved the color spectrum, like with mid-fire. You might choose high-fire glazes if you wanted to seal and protect your ceramic piece from discoloration and moisture. High-fire glazes offer the most durability. Why You Need to Choose Pottery Glaze With the Right Firing Temperature? The most important factor in choosing the right glaze is that the glaze works with your Choice of Clay. In other words, you need a low-fire glaze with low-fire clay and so on. Preference and artistic style does play a role, but this comes first. With any glazes, whether high-fire, mid-fire, or low-fire, you should test them before you use them. This helps you account for kiln personality and fit with the glaze and clay. The glaze and clay need to expand and contract together. You need to consider the Clay that you will use along with the glaze to avoid unexpected effects. There is a very good reason for making low, med, and high fire glazes. The fluxes that are added to the glazes make the silica and alumina melt at different temperatures. It’s always best to match the firing temperature of your Glaze with the firing temperature of your clay. I recommend you try the glaze out on a test piece first to understand better how the glaze will get along with the clay to give you the desired result. Underfiring Glaze and Overfiring Glaze – What Happens When You Choose the Wrong Pottery Glaze? Underfiring a glaze happens when you fire it to lower temperatures than intended. Because you underfired it, the glaze never reaches maturity. The underfired glaze will look harder, rougher, and drier than when you put it in the kiln. With severely underfired glazes, they won’t have a glossy or glassy appearance because they never reached the correct temperatures for them to vitrify. You can also run into problems like pinholes. Luckily, you can normally re-fire an underfired pot at a higher temperature, which may salvage your ceramics. On the other hand, you have overfired glazes, which happens when you fired up a glaze above the temperatures that they designed it for. Some potters overfire their glazes on purpose to grow crystals on them. You don’t always have issues with overfiring glazes, but you can run into problems like the glaze running off your pottery. A beginner potter may experience problems if they overfire, so they may want to stick with the outlined temperatures. If you fire low fire glaze to mid-fire (cone 5) the glaze will melt all over the kiln shelf. What is the Kiln Firing process for Pottery Glaze? The heat in the kiln will spark a chemical reaction that changes the appearance of the glaze. The ceramics in a Gas Kiln will look different from the ceramics in an Electric Kiln. Typically, gas kiln ceramics don’t have the bright and vibrant appearance as they do in an Electric Kiln. Understanding how the kiln will have an impact on your glaze can influence the type of Kiln that you Choose. Electric kilns are more popular and considered to be neutral or oxidation kilns. Oxidation is a chemical reaction that removes the electrons from the substance. Whereas Gas kilns are Reduction that adds electrons to them. Gas kilns use a damper because they need oxygen to burn. As an experiment, you could partially close the damper, and the gas will get the oxygen from the clay and glazes. It would have a new impact on the glazes. You get some brilliant glaze coloring effects with this extra tool at your disposal. This reduction firing in most cases will melt the glazes faster. Many high-fire glazes even request reduction firing, so you should be aware of this before you choose a glaze. How to Choose a Pottery Glaze – Do You Need a Food-Safe Glaze? Decorative glazes catch the eye with their vibrant colors, but eating off them could pose a danger. If you want to eat off a plate, choose a Food Safe glaze. How do you Test a Food Safety Pottery Glaze? You have two tests that you can perform to see if your Glaze is Food-Safe. Important to note, the two tests especially come in handy if you pulled a glaze recipe off the internet, but you don’t know you can use it for functional purposes. While these tests can work, if they prove inconclusive, you will want to send the glazes to a lab to determine safety for eating off them. You have the lemon test. To begin the test, you squeeze a lemon on a horizontal and glazed surface. You might perform this test before bed. Squeeze the juice and place the lemon over the juice for the night. Once you remove the lemon, you will wash away the juice, and if you see new discolorations, it indicates that you have a non-food-safe glaze. Choose another glaze for functional purposes. The lemon could leach other materials out of the fired glaze. As you can imagine, you don’t want yourself or your customers eating food with an unsafe glaze on it. Beware of the same issue with cups. We should highlight, however, that just because the glaze doesn’t leach into the lemon doesn’t mean that it doesn’t leach into the food. It simply means that it doesn’t leach badly. When in doubt, use a liner glaze around the areas where you would eat and save the questionable glazes for the exterior. You can use the microwave test in coordination with the first test. You will take a test piece and microwave it after you fill it with water. If the surface didn’t vitrify properly, the clay body will absorb the water, and it will become extremely hot. When this happens, the water can form a questionable bond that interferes between the clay and the glaze. The thermal shock from hot water can cause it to chip the glaze. You may also see crazed matte on the outside and tight liner on the inside. Specific types of glazes like metallic and lusters can spark a fire in the microwave. Don’t choose this glaze if you want to use it as a plate for food, even if you never plan to use it in the microwave—somebody else might. You can find out more about how to use your pottery in the microwave by reading Is Pottery Microwave Safe It’s always good to be aware of the purpose of the glazes that you choose. Do you have a food-safe glaze or a purely decorative glaze? Beware of anything that uses metallic finishing or trim. If you plan to Sell Pottery that is not food safe and may be used for food in some way, you want to include a warning label for customers. Applying Glaze to Pottery Maybe you just got started with glazing pottery. When choosing your glaze you can get a Matte finish or Shinny. When it comes to the selection of glazes it seems endless. We would recommend that you start with brushing glazes. You can buy Brush-on Glazes in smaller quantities, and as the name implies, you brush it on. Some glazes allow for brushing, pouring, spraying, even dipping. Brushing glazes include several advantages like being good for beginners, offering a broad range of colors, the ability to control the thickness. Read more on Brush Glazing Pottery to give you tips, tools, and ideas. Beware of some brush glazing recipes that may contain lead, which can be dangerous to your health. Any glaze with a bright color may contain lead. The commercial bottles will often cost more than if you mixed your own but will indicate if they are lead-free. With brushing glazes, you need Brushes that will hold the glaze. Dipping glazes are mainly used as a single-layer base coat. Many potters choose the dipping glaze as a much faster way to glaze. Dipping glazes have to be mixed often, but the advantage is the glaze dries faster, and you only need one dip as opposed to 3 or more layers of brush glazing. Yes, brush glazing takes longer, but dipping can be more one-dimensional. For more information on how easy dip glazing can be check out What is Dip Glazing. Why is it a Good Idea to Test Fire Your Pottery Glaze? I advise that you perform a test-fire with your glazes because it gives you a real demonstration of what color it will look like. All glazes look different in liquid form than after you have fired them up in the kiln. In fact, that same glaze can even vary depending on the kiln you use, the clay you use, and the firing temperature that you chose. Instead of thinking of this as intimidating, think of it as the ultimate creative freedom. In some cases, potters have complained because they received a sample piece of what the glaze would look like when finished. After using a different clay body and firing it up in their own kiln, however, the glaze looked different. With glazes, you should always expect the unexpected. Should You Choose Liquid or Dry Pottery Glaze? Liquid glazes as more expensive than dry glazes because you need to mix dry glazes. Liquid glazes are ready to use but dry glazes take less time to apply. I would advise that you look at it like this; How much glaze do you use, how do you want to apply your glaze, and which is most convenient for you? Manufacturers made liquid glazes for brushing, pouring, and spraying. Dry glazes are used more for dipping or spraying. It would be a huge mistake to buy liquid glazes if you wanted to use the dipping method. The thicker liquid glaze makes it difficult to apply the dipping method. You can, in contrast, choose a dry glaze for brushing, but you would need to doctor it up a bit with a gum solution. Another thing to consider with liquid glazes is that they dry more slowly than dry glazes. For someone who has never bought a dry glaze, they may want to try it at least once. It gives you the experience of mixing, sieving, and dipping the glaze. Dry glazes do have a cost advantage but not a significant one. Liquid glazes are ready to use, and you can brush on many different colors and create cool patterns. Which is a nice advantage too. Choosing to Make Your Own Pottery Glaze Instead of choosing a glaze, you can also make your own glaze, but we wouldn’t recommend it to a beginner. When it comes to your recipe, consider the following: - What temperature will you fire the glaze at? - Will you fire in reduction or oxidation atmospheres? - Do you want a matte or glossy finish? - What color do you want? - Will the glaze be functional or decorative? Glazes with a food-safe intention should be made within limited formulas. The limit formula makes the glaze safer for foods. You control the silica, alumina, and fluxes within limits. The main ingredients to make glazes don’t cost much. You can make your own glaze with Quartz, feldspar (flux), and China clay, which are used heavily by the average potter, so you might buy them in larger quantities. When to Choose Crackle Glazes on Pottery Think of breaking glazes as the type of glaze that creates a decorative effect. Breaking glazes will exploit the changes in color as well as when the thickness increases. This creates a beautiful contrast when done well, but you should choose a breaking glaze with the type of clay in mind. For example, some breaking glazes will look great with red clay, but they won’t look so hot on white clay. Crackle glazes should create a beautifully varied surface when you do it correctly. On raised contours, a breaking glaze will highlight the surface. Choose a Flowing Pottery Glaze Flowing glazes will move as you heat them in the kiln. You have two types of glazes here: flowing or floating glazes and stable glazes, which remain in place. A flowing glaze makes sense when you want to create an effect that looks the same as ash-glazed pottery. A flowing glaze will indicate it on the label. Watch for words like separates, moves, flows, and floats. Flowing glaze sends rivulets of glaze flowing down your pottery. The advantage of a flowing glaze comes from how you can create this effect while using flowing glazes. Many flowing glazes require mid-fire temperatures but there are still low fire glazes that flow. This effect is created by the amount of flux used in the glaze. You can even buy Flux for mid-fire glazes to create this look. Each piece will have its own personality because the glaze movement differs with each piece. Some may see that as a disadvantage because they can’t control how it looks. Clear Glazes on Pottery You might choose a clear glaze when you want to seal the ceramic piece to make it non-porous and food safe. Several varying degrees of clearness exist with clear glazes. Clear glazes are formulated for Low, Mid, and High fire clays. Different ways to Decorate with Clear Glazes A clear coat of glaze can be applied over the finish, which will protect it. Glaze also offers a way for you to personalize your work. The most common choices include: - Colored slips Now, let’s cover each of them and show you when to choose them: Underglazes on Pottery You would use Underglazes when you want to create designs and patterns to come up through the glaze. It adds visual depth and character to your ceramic pieces from under the glaze. Underglazes can be applied under the most transparent or lighter-colored glazes. Because of the frit in underglazes, you can apply it to both your greenware at any stage and bisque ware. I do both with no problems. Underglazing can be a whole new and interesting experience to the art of pottery crafting. To learn more about it, read Underglazing Pottery | Tips Tools and Ideas How do you use Overglazes and Lusters on Pottery Overglaze does exactly as it sounds where you would apply the overglaze over the piece that already has a glazed and fired surface. Many potters describe overglaze as enameled decoration because the colors fuse with the glaze. You choose overglazes when you want to add accents to your ceramic piece. Lusters act as a type of overglaze that you would apply over vitrified or a glaze-fired ceramic. Previously, we talked about lusters being a metallic glaze that isn’t microwave-friendly. Some potters have said lusters can be food-safe, but they don’t offer the durability required. You can get lusters in a variety of finishes that include platinum, gold, silver, and mother of pearl. If you choose a luster glaze, you should wear a respirator because this glaze has toxic fumes in its liquid form. When you choose lusters, you need to consider the surface properties because this glaze takes on the qualities of the surface. If you have a matte surface, it will become matte, or if shiny, you will have a shiny surface. You can use lusters on ceramics and glass. Overglazes and Lusters are fired at low temperature, Cone 018 or 020. Colored Slips and Stains Colored slips can color your ceramics without the higher cost. Many times, Pottery Classrooms will use colored slips because they don’t cost as much as underglazes. Most often, hobbyist potters also choose this one because of its fraction of the cost. To learn more about making colored slips check out this article I wrote on How to Make Clay Slip for Decorating It also has a Step by Step Video for added instruction. Stains come in the form of minerals like oxides and colorants like mason stains. Just mix with a little or a lot of water and start creating. Then cover with a clear glaze to make them food safe, shiny, or matte if like. Stains are fun to work with. You can apply them thick or thin. Even apply them thick and wipe some off for a cool effect. Lead or Lead-Free Glaze Having a brilliant and glossy surface, lead glazes will often exhibit vibrant colors. Unfortunately, they come with health implications if you swallow or inhale the dust fumes. For that reason, we would advise that you use a respirator when you work with lead glazes. You must use precaution when mixing, applying, and firing the glazes. When possible, you may want to use lead-free glazes instead. You can tell that your ceramic piece has lead in it when it has the following signs: - The decoration feels rough or raised - Feel the decoration when you rub finger over the dish - You see the brush stroked above the pottery - Dusty or chalky gray residue on the glaze after washing Choosing a pottery glaze comes down to understanding the appropriate times where you would use them. Outside of personal preference, each glaze has a point in time where it makes the most sense to apply it. You also have times where you can’t use a certain type of glaze because it doesn’t fit your ceramic piece. For example, it doesn’t make much sense to use low-fire glaze on porcelain because of how this clay requires mid-fire to high-fire glaze. You need to understand where each glaze applies, and we hope that we have highlighted the uses so that you can learn when to choose the glaze.

Note from Myles: This post is directed towards Alaskan readers of the WAYK blog. In 2014, 20 Indigenous languages were made official languages of the State of Alaska. For many Indigenous speakers and learners, this was an important shift in Alaska’s history. This act is just a small piece of a larger movement that is happening across our state, and indeed our world. While Indigenous Alaskans are fighting for their right to speak their languages, pass down their cultures, and maintain sovereignty to their land, many non-Indigenous Alaskans are not paying attention to these issues. Non-Indigenous Alaskans need to pay attention and we need to care about the languages that were here first. This act, I believe, is symbolic for many non-Indigenous Alaskans as well. It brings wider consciousness to issues of language trauma, linguistic sovereignty, and language revitalization with which many non-Indigenous Alaskans have not been previously confronted. There are, furthermore, many reasons for non-Indigenous Alaskans to care and be involved in the revitalization of Alaska Native languages. First, we need to care about Indigenous languages because we are settlers on Indigenous land. There is a certain cognitive dissonance that many non-Indigenous Alaskans have about Indigenous languages versus foreign languages. An American living in Germany, France or Italy is expected to learn German, French or Italian, or at least learn a few phrases to get by or at the very least learn something about these languages. It is a way to show respect to the individuals whose country you are in. Why is it that on Indigenous land, we aren’t held to that same level of respect? We are living on Indigenous land and very few of us know anything about Alaska Native languages. Furthermore, we need to understand that Indigenous Alaskans’ languages are not just a means of communication, but a connection to land, history, and worldview. As an English speaker, the English language does not root me to Alaska; I do not view my connection to Alaska through the English language. Indigenous languages of Alaska, on the other hand, were born of Alaska and rooted in connection with the lands and waters of this place. The very name we use to refer to our state comes from the Unangax̂ word Alax̂sxax̂, referring to the mainland. If we want to accurately represent and carry on the stories of Alaska, we need to understand that Indigenous languages are essential. Otherwise, we continue to see lands as disconnected to people, and we continue to view Indigenous land as something that is un-rooted and can continue to be stolen. Furthermore, caring about Indigenous languages as non-Indigenous Alaskans means demonstrating respect to Indigenous Alaskans and their concerns. Respect means avoiding micro-aggressions like, “Those sounds are so strange”, “I could never pronounce something like that”, or “Why can’t you speak your language?” Learn the history of boarding schools, learn the history of colonization and learn how these issues live on in our present. Moreover, caring about Indigenous languages means promoting diversity, and not simply as a box to check off. People will often think myopically about diversity in terms of numbers; I have seen the statistic about 100 languages being spoken in Anchorage schools countless times. But what about the “diversity” that is not reflected in that number? Anchorage has six strong immersion school programs, but not one is in an Indigenous language. As non-Indigenous people, we should be demanding Yup’ik, Inupiaq, and Dena’ina in our schools, if we already have Russian, German, and Chinese. Caring about Indigenous languages does not mean that you must spend the next twenty years of your life learning how to speak one fluently as a non-Indigenous person. In some instances, that might not be the best way to be an ally. If your goal is only to learn the language, but not to be a support to Indigenous language learners doing the same, you are probably doing more damage than good. What I do think is essential, though, is standing alongside Indigenous language activists when they are fighting for the equal rights of their languages. Support Indigenous language legislation. Ask if your school administration if they are providing adequate Indigenous language support. Give to immersion school programs. Support bilingual signage. Learn important phrases. Read more about the history and legacy of boarding schools. And listen to language advocates. Make sure to be a partner, not a parent. Support Indigenous languages, but follow Indigenous leadership. As a non-Indigenous Alaskan working with Indigenous languages, I know I do not always get it right. At times I may have taken up too much space in a discussion about language revitalization or I may have not listened keenly enough to the goals of Indigenous language teachers in the classroom. I try to work hard on recognizing my settler privilege and listening to Indigenous language activists and supporting the work they do. Ignoring such work is a disservice to Indigenous land and a disservice to my Indigenous friends and colleagues. I truly encourage every non-Indigenous person reading this to think about the ways in which they can better promote language equity in our state, and how we can promote the well-being and livelihoods of every person in the state of Alaska. Post authored by Myles.

Connecting Before Correcting “You cannot teach the mind before you have the heart. Connect before you direct.” – Dr. Gordon Neufeld. Setting limits with our children is very important. It actually reduces anxiety in the long-run: limits and boundaries are like walls and guideposts which tell us where we are, how far we can go, and when to turn back. However, our children learn best when they feel connected to us. When we connect with them before correcting behaviour or providing direction, it helps them feel safe and more able to process what we need them to do. We can connect with our kiddos throughout the day in different ways. Filling up our child’s connection “cup” in small (or big) ways during the day will make it easier when we have to set a limit, or correct their behaviour, because they already feel connected to us. Even 15 minutes of quality time each day can go a long way to fill our child’s cup. For busy families, 15 minutes can often feel like a lot! If this is the case, go ahead and spread it out into smaller chunks of time. Connection suggestions: child-led play, mealtimes, physical affection, reading together, going for walks, listening, telling them “I love you!” In the moment when we have to set a limit, provide direction or correct behaviour, we can also connect with our child in a number of different ways. We can try getting down to their level – this allow us to see their face and they can see ours. Making eye contact, or offering a gentle touch can be helpful, but keep your child’s unique temperament in mind. Some kiddos may find touch or eye contact overwhelming in the moment. You will know your child best. Active listening and just “being with” them in their feelings for a few moments to create that space of connection will help bring them feel safer and more ready to listen, be guided or learn a new way of behaving. Need help brainstorming more strategies for connecting with your kiddo? Get in touch with us via our helpline (778.782.3548), e-support (firstname.lastname@example.org), or book a parent coaching session here

The Federal Bureaucracy: A Critical Pillar of National Security Introduction The federal bureaucracy, comprising various government agencies and departments, holds a distinct position within the United States government. As a critical pillar of effective governance, it plays a vital role in implementing policies, delivering public services, and ensuring national security. This article delves into the main resources and distinguishing characteristics of the federal bureaucracy, highlighting its significance in safeguarding the nation's interests. Efficiency and Regulations One of the primary resources of the federal bureaucracy lies in its ability to promote efficiency and streamline operations. Through its administrative functions, the bureaucracy establishes regulations, standardizes procedures, and enforces compliance. These regulations aim to ensure fairness, protect public welfare, and maintain order in various sectors, such as healthcare, transportation, and finance. Policy Implementation and Public Services Another key resource of the federal bureaucracy is its capacity to effectively implement policies. Government agencies, armed with their specialized knowledge and expertise, are responsible for translating legislation into tangible actions. From public health initiatives to environmental protection measures, the bureaucracy's commitment to policy implementation ensures the delivery of essential public services to citizens across the nation.

Insect stings are never a pretty thing to deal with, especially if it’s a bee, wasp, or hornet that has stung you. Not only is it painful but also quite dangerous unless you treat it immediately and appropriately! Therefore, keep reading this article that tells you about 10 ways to treat insect stings and bites at home and discusses what steps you need to take upon having the misfortune of getting stung in the first place! Table of Contents Why is getting stung by an insect dangerous? Insects in the Hymenoptera class, which includes bees and wasps, are the most likely to give you a sting. If you’re stung by an insect, it’s important to know how to treat the wound. In some cases, an insect sting can be dangerous if not treated properly. Insect stings can be dangerous because they can cause both allergic reactions and infections. An allergic reaction is a response from the immune system that can be life-threatening and cause an anaphylactic shock if you are prone to an allergic reaction. Further, insect venom can also cause infections, which can lead to serious health complications. The venom from some insects can also cause an allergic reaction, which can lead to anaphylactic shock. What are the common symptoms of an insect sting? In most cases, the symptoms of an insect sting are fairly mild. But, there are cases where the reaction to the sting is very severe. Here are some of the mild symptoms and reactions you might face if stung by an insect – - swelling around the location of the sting - soreness or pain at the sting site - itchiness and high temperature at the sting site - red welts or a rash on your skin, also known as hives However, in the event that you have a worse reaction, here are some of the more severe symptoms you will have to face – - ticklishness in your throat along with severe coughing - palpitations as a result of a tightness in your chest coupled with anxiety - issues with breathing and inhaling normally - nausea which may or may not be accompanied by vomiting - loss of consciousness or dizziness - excessive sweating - severe rash or hives all over your body What steps can you take to prevent insect stings? Preventing insects from stinging you is not always a guarantee. But, there are certain things you can do to reduce the possibility of dealing with an insect sting! Use a good insect repellant. One of the best ways to prevent insect stings is to use insect repellent. There are a variety of different types of insect repellents available, so be sure to find one that works best for you. Wear neutral colors rather than bright ones when you go outside. When outdoors, it is important to avoid brightly colored clothing and floral patterns. Insects are attracted to these colors, so you are more likely to get stung or bitten. Wear neutral colors instead, like green, beige, and brown. Wear proper footwear when heading outside. When you are outdoors, it is important to avoid going barefoot as this makes you more susceptible to insect stings. Additionally, be sure to check your clothing and gear for insects before using them. If you are traveling in an area with a lot of bugs, be sure to carry an insect repellent with you. Cover your entire body before heading for your nature’s trail and stay away from insect-infested areas. When you’re outside, it’s important to wear clothing that will protect you from insect stings. Long-sleeve shirts and long pants will help to keep the majority of insects away from your skin. Additionally, don’t enter an area that is swarming with bees or other insects. If at all you do cross paths with a stinging insect, simply avoid conflict and walk away! Extract the stinger and call for first aid. If you’ve gotten stung despite taking these precautions, using a bee sting kit is the best way to remove the stinger and venom. The kit will have a pair of tweezers that can be used to grab the stinger and pull it out quickly and easily. Once you have pulled out the stinger from your skin, call for first aid or medical help immediately. If you are ever in a situation where you have to deliver first aid to somebody who got stung, the following sections are bound to help you immensely. How to administer first aid for an insect sting? Knowing how to administer the proper first aid for insect stings and bites is essential since it could help save someone’s life or, at the very least, help ease their pain. Below, I have highlighted the main steps you should follow when delivering first aid to any person who has been stung! Extract the stinger if it’s a honey bee sting. If you have been stung at home by a honey bee or even a yellow jacket, the first thing you should do is remove the stinger. The best way to do this is with a fingernail or credit card. You can also use a pair of tweezers, but be careful not to accidentally pinch the stinger itself. Pinching the stinger directly with fingers or tweezers will only inject more venom into the wound, so it is important not to do that. Rinse the area with water and soap This is a pretty self-explanatory step – you must use soap and mildly warm water to thoroughly rinse the location of the sting. Washing will ensure that any lingering bacteria are killed, and the wound itself stays sanitized and uninfected. Treat the symptoms directly. When you are bitten or stung by an insect, the first thing you should do after rinsing the stung area is to get rid of any jewelry or accessories around the location of the sting. If the sting swells up, that jewelry may restrict blood flow. You can then apply ice for 10 minutes to help reduce swelling and inflammation. If the sting was on an arm or leg, elevate the area. This will help reduce swelling further. Additionally, pain relief medications that are formulated for babies or children can help relieve pain and swelling. If there is significant swelling, an antihistamine formulated for children may help with itchiness and swelling. When should you seek emergency care for an insect sting? In some cases, an insect sting can be quite dangerous. If you are having difficulty breathing, the swelling is affecting your lips, eyelids, or throat, you feel dizzy, faint, or confused, or your heart is racing, then you should seek emergency care right away. Children and infants are especially susceptible to the effects of insect stings, so it is important to be aware of the signs that require emergency care. If a child experiences shortness of breath, facial swelling, chest pain, hives, or vomiting after being stung, they should seek immediate medical attention. How do you know if an insect bite or sting is infected? Typically, you will know if a bite or a sting is infected by the way it looks and feels. If the location of the bite looks or feels worse than when you first got it, and that discomfort is accompanied by an increase in swelling, redness, or the oozing of pus from it, the wound is infected. If your wound does get infected, you must seek out professional medical help rather than treat it yourself. 10 ways to treat insect stings! Here are the top ten ways that you can treat stings from bees, wasps, or even hornets! However, if the symptoms are of a severe nature, you should simply administer first aid and call 911! Treating bee, wasp, and hornet stings at home Ice the bite Icing the area of the sting is a sure shot way to reduce the swelling regardless of whether a bee has stung you, a wasp, or a hornet. The science is fairly simple – the reduction in temperature will gradually reduce the blood flow to the site of the sting, and as a result, it will also reduce the swelling! Remember that you should preferably apply ice to the concerned spot by wrapping it in a handkerchief or a similar piece of cloth. Apply garlic paste Garlic has been known to have pain-relieving properties for centuries. Make a paste by thoroughly crushing a few cloves of garlic and applying that paste to the stung area. Preferably, cover up the sting after applying the paste. Place a layer of onion on the sting. You can also cut up onions and place the flesh of the onions on the sting for some relief from pain. Treat a bee sting at home with the following home remedies. The next two methods are methods that you can specifically use if you have been stung by a bee. The reason is that these items are alkaline in nature which counteracts the acidity of the venom that bees inject into you. Baking soda paste Mix some baking soda with water and smear it on the stung region. The alkaline properties will render the venom in your body neutral. Sprinkle some salt onto the sting. Now, I understand that sprinkling salt on a wound seems counterintuitive, but I assure you, it works very well in the case of a bee sting. Treatment for a wasp sting at home with the following items In stark contrast to bee stings, wasp stings are known to be quite acidic. Therefore, the items in this section are alkaline in nature to counteract the acidity of the venom that wasps inject into your body! Fresh lemon juice Lemon is rich in citric acid. Therefore, simply squeeze out some juice and apply it to your stung region. You can soak a cotton ball in some juice and use that to smear the juice onto your skin. Freshly cut lemon If you feel that squeezing lemon juice and soaking a cotton ball is too much work, simply skip those steps and proceed to apply a freshly cut slice of lemon on your stung portion. Apple cider vinegar Simply soak your sting in some apple cider vinegar in a dish or use a cotton ball to apply it on the part of your body that the wasp has stung you on. The easiest technique to treat wasp stings with vinegar is to put it on a piece of cotton wool and place it directly on the sting, just like with apple cider vinegar. The vinegar-soaked cotton swab can be used to treat insect stings as well. How to treat a hornet sting at home? There are a variety of ways to treat hornet stings, depending on the severity. If you are not allergic to hornet venom, then most treatments will be the same as for bee stings. If you are allergic, then you will need to carry an EpiPen and know how to use it. The giant Asian hornet is the most infamous of all the hornet stings. This species can inflict a particularly painful sting, and its venom contains toxins that can cause anaphylactic shock in some people. If you are stung by a giant Asian hornet, you should seek medical help immediately. Bear in mind that you don’t mix the ways to treat bee stings with those of wasp stings. The nature of the venom that both these bugs inject in you is entirely different. Further, if you see severe symptoms, don’t bother treating them at home. Instead, call your doctor for proper medical attention!