instruction
stringclasses 10
values | en
stringlengths 1
466
| jp
stringlengths 1
253
|
---|---|---|
æ¥æ¬èªã§æå³ã®å¯Ÿå¿ããæãäœæããŠãã ãã | China and Russia tend to relate to their respective pasts and futures in very different ways â with self-confidence in Chinaâs case, with self-diffidence in the case of Russia. | äžåœãšãã·ã¢ãããããã®éå»ãšæªæ¥ã«å¯Ÿããä»ãåãæ¹ã¯å€§ããç°ãªã£ãŠããã äžåœã¯èªä¿¡ããã£ãŠããã·ã¢ã¯é æ
®ãã¡ã«ã |
æ¥æ¬èªã§æå³ã®å¯Ÿå¿ããæãäœæããŠãã ãã | Chinese elites are convinced that time is working in their favor, and that it is only natural that China should regain its rank amongst the world leading powers, perhaps even emerging on top one day. | äžåœã®ãšãªãŒããã¡ã¯ãæ代ã圌ãã«æå©ã«åããŠããã圌ããäžçã®ãªãŒããŒã¯ã©ã¹ã®å°äœãåã³æã«ããããããã°ãããã«èžãåºãããšãåœç¶ãããããšç¢ºä¿¡ããŠããã |
enããjpãžç¿»èš³ããŠãã ãã | Indeed, their serene patience stands in stark contrast to the anxious reticence of Russian leaders, who have yet to surmount the humiliation that Russia suffered as a result of the Soviet Unionâs disintegration at the end of the Cold War. | 確ãã«ã圌ãã®ç©ãããªå¿è匷ãã¯æ£çæ£éã®ãã®ã§ããã·ã¢äººãªãŒããŒãã¡ã®äžå®ããªç¡å£ãšã¯èããéãã ãã·ã¢ã¯æªã æ®ããœããšãé£éŠåŽ©å£ã®å±èŸ±ãå
æããªããã°ãªããªãã |
è±èªã®æãæ¥æ¬èªã®æã«å€æããŠãã ãã | Russia may be experiencing a global ârestorationâ phase, but in politics and economics, and also with respect to its empire, restoration is headed in the wrong direction. | ãã·ã¢ã¯å
æ¬çãªãå埩ãæã®æäžã«ãããšèšããããåžåœãžã®å°æ¬ã®å¿µããããŸã£ãŠããã®å埩ã¯æ¿æ²»çãçµæžçã«ééã£ãæ¹åãžåãã£ãŠããã |
enããjpãžç¿»èš³ããŠãã ãã | With Putinâs current clampdown on civil society, re-nationalization of key segments of the economy, failure to develop any political approach to resolving the conflict in Chechnya, and cultivation of imperial nostalgia, Russia is killing its only chance to matter in the future. | æè¿ã®ããŒãã³ã®åžæ°ç€ŸäŒã«å¯Ÿãã匟å§ãçµæžã®éèŠåºåã«ãããåœå®¶äž»çŸ©ã®åèããã§ãã§ã³çŽäºè§£æ±ºã®ããã®æ¿æ²»çã¢ãããŒãã®å€±æããããŠåžåœãžã®é·æã®å¹é€ ãªã©ã«ãã£ãŠããã·ã¢ã¯å°æ¥ãå·Šå³ããå¯äžã®ãã£ã³ã¹ãã€ã¶ãããšããŠããã®ã ã |
æ¥æ¬èªãžã®ç¿»èš³ãè¡ã£ãŠãã ãã | Yet there is no reason for China to declare victory. | ã ãããšãã£ãŠãäžåœãåå©å®£èšãã§ããæ ¹æ ã¯ãªãã |
è±èªã®æãæ¥æ¬èªã®æã«ç¿»èš³ããŠãã ãã | The gap between the respective qualities of Chinaâs economic and scientific elites, on the one hand, and its ruling political elites, on the other, is simply too monumental â and still growing â for stability to be taken for granted. | å®å®æ§ãç¡èŠããŠããç¹ã§ãäžåœã®çµæžããã³ç§åŠãšãªãŒãã®è³ªãšãæ¯é
å±€ã®æ¿æ²»ãšãªãŒãã®è³ªã«ã¯ããšã«ããéæ¹ããªãéãããããããã®å·®ã¯ãŸã éãã€ã€ããã |
è±èªã®æãæ¥æ¬èªã®æã«ç¿»èš³ããŠãã ãã | One senses in China the birth pangs of civil society, making the introduction of the rule of law increasingly urgent. | äžåœã®åžæ°ç€ŸäŒã«ã¯ç£ã¿ã®èŠãã¿ãèŠãããè¿
éãªæ³èŠå¶ã®å°å
¥ãå¿
ç¶ãšãªã£ãŠããã |
enããjpãžç¿»èš³ããŠãã ãã | Without political reforms, Chinaâs confidence in herself will quickly turn into disillusion, or even delusion. | æ¿æ²»çæ¹é©ãªãããŠã¯ãäžåœã®èªä¿¡ã¯ç¬ãéã«éããæãŠã¯åŠæ³ã«å€ããã ããã |
æ¥æ¬èªã«ç¿»èš³ããŠãã ãã | If that happens, the Russia-China debate might be revived, this time as a comparison of competitive decadence. | ãããããªãã°ããã·ã¢ãšäžåœã«ãããè«äºããä»åºŠã¯å èœç«¶äºã®æ¯èŒè«ãšããŠåŸ©æŽ»ãããããããªãã |
enããjpãžã®å€æãèããŠãã ãã | The Ethics of Eating | é£ã¹ãããšã®å«ç |
enããjpãžã®å€æãèããŠãã ãã | Global meat consumption is predicted to double by 2020. | äžçã«ãããèã®æ¶è²»éã¯ã2020幎ãŸã§ã«ã2åã«ãªããšäºæ³ãããŠããã |
enããjpãžç¿»èš³ããŠãã ãã | Yet in Europe and North America, there is growing concern about the ethics of the way meat and eggs are produced. | ããããšãŒããããšåã¢ã¡ãªã«ã§ã¯ãèãåµã®çç£æ¹æ³ã«ã€ããŠãå«ççãªé¢å¿ãé«ãŸãã€ã€ããã |
è±èªããæ¥æ¬èªã«èš³ããŠãã ãã | The consumption of veal has fallen sharply since it became widely known that to produce so-called âwhiteâ â actually pale pink â veal, newborn calves are separated from their mothers, deliberately made anemic, denied roughage, and kept in stalls so narrow that they cannot walk or turn around. | ãããããçœ ã ïŒ å®éã«ã¯èãã³ã¯è²ïŒãšåŒã°ããåçèããçãŸããã°ããã®åçãæ¯çããåŒãé¢ãããããšè²§è¡ã«ãããç§é£Œæãäžãããæ©ãããšãåããå€ããããšãã§ããªãçãçèã§é£Œãããããšããæ¹æ³ã§çç£ãããŠããããšãåºãç¥ãããããã«ãªã£ãŠãããåçèã®æ¶è²»ã¯æ¥æ¿ã«æžã£ãã |
次ã®è±èªãæ¥æ¬èªã«èš³ããŠãã ãã | In Europe, mad cow disease shocked many people, not only because it shattered beefâs image as a safe and healthy food, but also because they learned that the disease was caused by feeding cattle the brains and nerve tissue of sheep. | ãšãŒãããã§ãççç
ãå€ãã®äººã«ã·ã§ãã¯ãäžããã®ã¯ãçèã®å®å
šã§å¥åº·çãªé£æãšããŠã®ã€ã¡ãŒãžã厩ãããã ãã§ãªããçã«çŸã®è³ãç¥çµçµç¹ãäžããŠãããšãããç
æ°ã®åå ãå€æããããã§ãã£ãã |
è±èªãæ¥æ¬èªã«ç¿»èš³ããŠãã ãã | People who naively believed that cows ate grass discovered that beef cattle in feed lots may be fed anything from corn to fish meal, chicken litter (complete with chicken droppings), and slaughterhouse waste. | çãé£ã¹ãŠããã®ã¯èã ãšçŽçã«ä¿¡ããŠãã人ãã¡ãã飌è²å Žã®èçã«äžããããã®ã¯ãããŠã¢ãã³ã·ããéç²ãé¶ã®ã¯ãºïŒãã³ãŸã§å
¥ã ïŒ ã çæ®ºå Žã®ãŽããŸã§äœã§ãããããšããããšãæã£ãã®ã ã |
è±èªãæ¥æ¬èªã«ç¿»èš³ããŠãã ãã | Concern about how we treat farm animals is far from being limited to the small percentage of people who are vegetarians or even vegans â eating no animal products at all. | ç§çã®æ±ãæ¹ã«é¢ããæžå¿µã¯ãããžã¿ãªã¢ã³ããããã¯åç©æ§ã®é£æãäžåé£ã¹ãªããã¬ã³ãªã©ãæ°ããŒã»ã³ãã®äººã ãã«éããããããªãã®ã§ã¯ãªãã |
è±èªããæ¥æ¬èªã«èš³ããŠãã ãã | Despite strong ethical arguments for vegetarianism, it is not yet a mainstream position. | èé£äž»çŸ©ã«é¢ãã説åŸåããå«ççè°è«ã«ãããããããããã¯ãŸã äž»æµã«ã¯ãªã£ãŠããªãã |
次ã®è±èªãæ¥æ¬èªã«èš³ããŠãã ãã | More common is the view that we are justified in eating meat, as long as the animals have a decent life before they are killed. | ããäžè¬çãªã®ã¯ãåç©ãã殺ãããåãŸã§ã¯ãŸãšããªç涯ãéã£ãŠããéããç§ãã¡ãèãé£ã¹ãããšã¯æ£åœã§ããããšããèãæ¹ã§ããã |
æ¥æ¬èªã§æå³ã®å¯Ÿå¿ããæãäœæããŠãã ãã | The problem, as Jim Mason and I describe in our recent book, The Way We Eat, is that industrial agriculture denies animals even a minimally decent life. | ãžã ã»ã¡ã€ãœã³ãšç§ããæã
ã®è¿èã The Way We Eat ãã§è¿°ã¹ãããã«ãåé¡ã¯ãç£èŸ²ããåç©ã«ãšã£ãŠæäœéã®ãŸãšããªç涯ããããåŠå®ããç¹ã§ããã |
è±èªãæ¥æ¬èªã«ç¿»èš³ããŠãã ãã | Tens of billions of chickens produced today never go outdoors. They are bred to have voracious appetites and gain weight as fast as possible, then reared in sheds that can hold more than 20,000 birds. | ä»æ¥ãè«å€§ãªæ°ã®é¶ããéã蟌ãããããŸãŸã§çç£ããã貪欲ã«é£ã¹ãã§ããã ãæ©ãäœéãå¢ããããã«æ¹è¯ããã20,000矜ãåçŽã§ããå°å±ã§é£Œè²ãããã®ã ã |
è±èªã®æãæ¥æ¬èªã®æã«ç¿»èš³ããŠãã ãã | The level of ammonia in the air from their accumulated droppings stings the eye and hurts the lungs. | èç©ããããã³ããåºãã¢ã³ã¢ãã¢ã®æ¿åºŠã¯ãç®ãåºããèºãçãã€ããã |
è±èªãæ¥æ¬èªã«ç¿»èš³ããŠãã ãã | Slaughtered at only 45 days old, their immature bones can hardly bear the weight of their bodies. | é¶ãã¡ã¯ããã£ã45æ¥ã§å± 殺ããããããã®æªæçãªéªšã¯ãšãŠãäœéãæ¯ããããªãã |
æ¥æ¬èªã«ç¿»èš³ããŠãã ãã | Some collapse and, unable to reach food or water, soon die, their fate irrelevant to the economics of the enterprise as a whole. | äœçŸœãã¯è»¢åããé£ã¹ç©ãæ°Žã«å±ãããšãã§ããã«ãããã«æ»ã¬ã ãã®éåœã¯ãäŒç€Ÿå
šäœã®è²¡æ¿ã«ã¯ç¡é¢ä¿ãªã®ã§ããã |
æ¥æ¬èªã§æå³ã®å¯Ÿå¿ããæãäœæããŠãã ãã | Conditions are, if anything, even worse for laying hens crammed into wire cages so small that even if there were just one per cage, she would be unable to stretch her wings. | åµãæ±ãéé¶ã«ãšã£ãŠã®ç¶æ³ã¯ãããã«é
·ãã äžçŸœããšã«å
¥ããå Žåã§ããã矜ã䌞ã°ãããšãã§ããªãã»ã©å°ãããã¯ã€ã€ãŒã®ããã«è©°ã蟌ãŸããŠããã |
æ¥æ¬èªã«ç¿»èš³ããŠãã ãã | But there are usually at least four hens per cage, and often more. | ããããéåžžã¯ã²ãšããã«å°ãªããšã4矜ãããã«ãã以äžã®éé¶ãå
¥ããããã |
è±èªã®æãæ¥æ¬èªã®æã«å€æããŠãã ãã | Under such crowded conditions, the more dominant, aggressive birds are likely to peck to death the weaker hens in the cage. | ãã®ããã«æ··ã¿ãã£ãç¶æ³ã§ã¯ãããã®äžã§ããæ¯é
çãæ»æçãªåäœãããã匱ããã®ãçªä»ãåããŠæ®ºããŠããŸãã |
次ã®è±èªãæ¥æ¬èªã«èš³ããŠãã ãã | To prevent this, producers sear off all birdsâ beaks with a hot blade. | ãããé¿ããããã«ãçç£è
ã¯å
šãŠã®éé¶ã®ãã¡ã°ãããçŒããŽãã§ããã©ãããã |
enããjpãžã®å€æãèããŠãã ãã | A henâs beak is full of nerve tissue â it is, after all, her principal means of relating to her environment â but no anesthetic or analgesic is used to relieve the pain. | éé¶ã®ãã¡ã°ãã¯ç¥çµçµç¹ãéãŸã£ãŠããïŒãªã«ãããããã¯åœŒå¥³ãåšããšé¢ããäžã§ã®åºæ¬éšäœãªã®ã â ã ããããçã¿ãåãããããã®éº»é
ãé®çå€ã䜿ãããããšã¯ãªãã |
è±èªããæ¥æ¬èªã«èš³ããŠãã ãã | Pigs may be the most intelligent and sensitive of the animals that we commonly eat. | è±ã¯ãç§ãã¡ãäžè¬çã«é£ã¹ãåç©ã®äžã§ãããããæãç¥èœãé«ããææã§ããã |
æ¥æ¬èªãžã®ç¿»èš³ãè¡ã£ãŠãã ãã | When foraging in a rural village, they can exercise that intelligence and explore their varied environment. | 圌ãã¯ç°èã®æã§é€ããããæããã®ç¥èœãå®çšããåã«åãŸã£ããã®ãæ¢ãåœãŠãããšãã§ããã |
è±èªããæ¥æ¬èªã«èš³ããŠãã ãã | Before they give birth, sows use straw or leaves and twigs to build a comfortable and safe nest in which to nurse their litter. | éè±ã¯ãåºç£ã®åã«ããããèã£ã±ããããŠå°æã䜿ã£ãŠå¿«é©ã§å®å
šãªå·£ãäœããåè±ãè²ãŠãã |
è±èªãæ¥æ¬èªã«ç¿»èš³ããŠãã ãã | But in todayâs factory farms, pregnant sows are kept in crates so narrow that they cannot turn around, or even walk more than a step forward or backward. | ããããä»æ¥ã®å·¥å ŽåããèŸ²å Žã§ã¯ãåŠåš ããéè±ã¯ãåããå€ããããªãã»ã©ããããã¯ï¿œï¿œï¿œã«ãåŸãã«ãäžæ©ä»¥äžåããªãã»ã©çãæšæ ã«å
¥ããããã |
è±èªãæ¥æ¬èªã«ç¿»èš³ããŠãã ãã | They lie on bare concrete without straw or any other form of bedding. | ãããªã©ã®ããããã«ãªããã®ãäœãæ·ãããŠããªããããåºãã®ã³ã³ã¯ãªãŒãã«æšªãããã |
æ¥æ¬èªã§æå³ã®å¯Ÿå¿ããæãäœæããŠãã ãã | The piglets are taken from the sow as soon as possible, so that she can be made pregnant again, but they never leave the shed until they are taken to slaughter. | ãŸãããã«åŠåš ãããããšãã§ããããã«ãåè±ã¯æ¯è±ãããªãã¹ãæ©ãåãäžããããããçæ®ºå Žã«é£ããŠè¡ããããã®æãŸã§ãæ¯è±ãæšæ ããåºãããããšã¯ãªãã |
æ¥æ¬èªãžã®ç¿»èš³ãè¡ã£ãŠãã ãã | Defenders of these production methods argue that they are a regrettable but necessary response to a growing populationâs demand for food. | ãã®ãããªçç£æ¹æ³ã®æè·è
ã¯ãçãŸãããšããå¢å ãç¶ãã人å£ã®é£ç©ãžã®éèŠã«å¯Ÿãããé¿ããããåå¿ãªã®ã ãšäž»åŒµããã |
è±èªã®æãæ¥æ¬èªã®æã«ç¿»èš³ããŠãã ãã | On the contrary, when we confine animals in factory farms, we have to grow food for them. | ãšããããèŸ²å·¥å Žã®åç©ã«éã£ãŠèŠãã°ãäžããé£ç©ã¯ç§ãã¡ãè²ãŠãªããã°ãªããªãã |
è±èªããæ¥æ¬èªã«èš³ããŠãã ãã | The animals burn up most of that foodâs energy just to breathe and keep their bodies warm, so we end up with a small fraction â usually no more than one-third and sometimes as little as one-tenth â of the food value that we feed them. | åç©ã¯ããã®é£ç©ããåŸããšãã«ã®ãŒã®ã»ãšãã©ããåŒåžãšäœæž©ãä¿ã€ããã ãã«ççŒããã ã€ãŸããç§ãã¡ãã圌ãã«äžããé£ç©äŸ¡å€ããåŸãã®ã¯ãã»ãã®å
ãïŒéåžžã¯3åã®1以äžãå Žåã«ãã£ãŠã¯10åã®1ã«éããªãïŒã§ããã |
enããjpãžç¿»èš³ããŠãã ãã | By contrast, cows grazing on pasture eat food that we cannot digest, which means that they add to the amount of food available to us. | 察ç
§ããŠã¿ããšãç§èå°ã§æŸç§ãããŠããçã¯ãç§ãã¡ãæ¶åã§ããªãé£ç©ãé£ã¹ããããªãã¡ã圌ãã¯ç§ãã¡ãå
¥æã§ããé£ç©ã®éã«ã å ç®ãã ã®ã§ããã |
次ã®è±èªãæ¥æ¬èªã«èš³ããŠãã ãã | It is tragic that countries like China and India, as they become more prosperous, are copying Western methods and putting animals in huge industrial farms to supply more meat and eggs for their growing middle classes. | äžåœãã€ã³ãã®ãããªåœããããç¹æ ããã«ã€ããå¢å ããäžæµéçŽãžã®é£èãšåµã®äŸçµŠã®ããã«ã西æŽåŒãç䌌ããŠåç©ã巚倧ãªèŸ²å·¥å Žã«å
¥ããŠããããšã¯ãæ²åçã§ããã |
enããjpãžã®å€æãèããŠãã ãã | If this continues, the result will be animal suffering on an even greater scale than now exists in the West, as well as more environmental damage and a rise in heart disease and cancers of the digestive system. | ãããç¶ãã°ããããªãç°å¢ãžã®ãã¡ãŒãžãå¿èç
ãæ¶ååšç³»çµ±ã®çãå¢å ãããšãšãã«ãçŸåšã®è¥¿åŽè«žåœã®èŠæš¡ãããããã«å€§ã
çã«ãåç©ã«èŠçã匷ããçµæãšãªãã ããã |
è±èªã®æãæ¥æ¬èªã®æã«å€æããŠãã ãã | It will also be grossly inefficient. | ãŸããã²ã©ãéèœççã«ããªãã |
è±èªã®æãæ¥æ¬èªã®æã«ç¿»èš³ããŠãã ãã | As consumers, we have the power â and the moral obligation â to refuse to support farming methods that are cruel to animals and bad for us. | æ¶è²»è
ãšããŠã®ç§ãã¡ã«ã¯ãåç©ã«æ®é
·ã§ãç§ãã¡ã«æ害ãªèŸ²å Žçµå¶ã®ã·ã¹ãã æ¯æãæåŠããåïŒãããŠé埳çãªçŸ©åïŒããããã |
æ¥æ¬èªãžã®ç¿»èš³ãè¡ã£ãŠãã ãã | The European Museum | ãšãŒãããåç©é€š |
æ¥æ¬èªãžã®ç¿»èš³ãè¡ã£ãŠãã ãã | In the late nineteenth century, Europe viewed Asia mainly as either a source of inspiration for its artists or a focus of imperial ambition. | 19äžçŽåŸæããšãŒãããã¯ã¢ãžã¢ããäž»ã«ãçŸè¡çãªã€ã³ã¹ãã¬ãŒã·ã§ã³ã®æºããããã¯åžåœäž»çŸ©çéæã®äžå¿ãšããŠæããŠããã |
æ¥æ¬èªã§æå³ã®å¯Ÿå¿ããæãäœæããŠãã ãã | Asians, for their part, viewed Europe as either a model of modernity, as in Meiji Japan, or a barometer of decay, as in China. | äžæ¹ãã¢ãžã¢äººã¯ãšãŒãããããææ²»æã®æ¥æ¬ã«ãããŠè¿ä»£åã®ã¢ãã«ãšããŠããããã¯äžåœã«ãããŠè¡°éã®ããã¡ãŒã¿ãŒãšããŠèŠãŠããã |
enããjpãžç¿»èš³ããŠãã ãã | A century later, the Japanese economic miracle had transformed the image of at least a small part of Asia in European eyes into a place of rapid technological and industrial progress. | 1äžçŽåŸã«ã¯ãæ¥æ¬çµæžã®å¥è·¡ãããšãŒããã人ã®ç®ã«æ ãæ¥æ¬ã®ã€ã¡ãŒãžããå°ãªããšãã¢ãžã¢ã®äžå°åãããæ¥éãªæè¡çãå·¥æ¥çé²æ©ãããå Žæãžãšå€ããã |
次ã®è±èªãæ¥æ¬èªã«èš³ããŠãã ãã | Now, in the first years of the twenty-first century, the perception of Europe in Asia and of Asia in Europe is changing dramatically, as Asiaâs economies boom while the European Union finds itself mired in a crisis of identity and confidence. | ãããŠããŸã21äžçŽåæã«ãããã欧å·é£åãç¬èªæ§ãšèªä¿¡ã®å±æ©ã«é¥ã£ãŠããäžæ¹ã§ãã¢ãžã¢ã®çµæžã¯æ¥æé·ããã¢ãžã¢ã«ããããšãŒãããã®ããããŠãšãŒãããã«ãããã¢ãžã¢ã®èªèã¯ãåçã«å€åããŠããã |
æ¥æ¬èªãžã®ç¿»èš³ãè¡ã£ãŠãã ãã | Prominent Asians, such as former Singaporean leader Lee Kuan Yew, are now warning Europeans that if they continue on their current course, Europe will rapidly become irrelevant for anything other than tourism and high-end real estate. | æåãªã¢ãžã¢äººãäŸãã°ã·ã³ã¬ããŒã«å
éŠçžãªãŒã»ã¯ã¢ã³ãŠãŒã¯ããšãŒããã人ã«å¯Ÿãããããã®ãŸãŸã®è·¯ç·ãé²ã¿ç¶ããã°ããšãŒãããã¯ã芳å
ãšãã€ãšã³ãäžåç£ä»¥å€ã¯å
šãŠãæ¥éã«çå€ãã«ãªãã ãããšèŠåããŠããã |
è±èªã®æãæ¥æ¬èªã®æã«å€æããŠãã ãã | A prominent Chinese businessman who divides his time between Hong-Kong and London was even more specific. | éŠæž¯ãšãã³ãã³ãé£ã³åãæåãªäžåœäººããžãã¹ãã³ã¯ããã£ãšã¯ã£ãããšè¿°ã¹ãã |
enããjpãžã®å€æãèããŠãã ãã | At a private gathering of top business and political leaders in Paris a few weeks ago, he said, âYou Europeans are becoming a Third World country, you spend time on the wrong subjects âthe constitution, the welfare state, the pensions crisis â and you systematically give the wrong answers to the questions you raise.â | æ°é±éåã®ããªã«ãããŠãããžãã¹ãæ¿æ²»ã®ããããéãŸãç§çãªäŒåã§ã圌ã¯ãããªãæ¹ãšãŒããã人ã¯ãééã£ãäž»é¡ïŒæ²æ³ãçŠç¥åœå®¶ã幎éå±æ©ïŒã«æéããããããšã§ããããŠæã¡ç«ãŠãåé¡ã«ãééã£ãçããçµç¹çã«åºãããšã§ã第äžäžçã«ãªãã€ã€ãã ã ã ãšè¿°ã¹ãã |
è±èªãæ¥æ¬èªã«ç¿»èš³ããŠãã ãã | Europeansâ views of Asia in general, and China in particular, are more complex and swing from lucid adjustment to a new and respected competitor to pure ideological rejection. | ãšãŒããã人ã®ã¢ãžã¢èŠ³ã¯æŠããŠããããŠç¹ã«äžåœã«é¢ããŠã¯ãããè€éã§ãããæçœãªèª¿ç¯ããæ°ããå°éããã競äºè
ãžãããã«çŽç²ãªã€ããªãã®ãŒã®æ絶ãžãšæºããã |
enããjpãžç¿»èš³ããŠãã ãã | In May 1968, in France, the students â or some of them, at least â who took to the streets to invent a new world were dreaming of Maoist China, a China in the midst of the brutal and senseless Cultural Revolution. | 1968幎5æããã©ã³ã¹ã§ãåŠçïŒå°ãªããšãããã®äžéšïŒããæ¯æ²¢æ±äž»çŸ©äžã®äžåœãã€ãŸãæ®å¿ã§ç¡åå¥ãªæåé©åœã®æäžã§ãã£ãäžåœã«æ§ããæ°ããäžçããããããããšããã¢è¡é²ãããã |
è±èªããæ¥æ¬èªã«èš³ããŠãã ãã | Their absurd and baroque infatuation was as much the product of ignorance of Maoâs crimes as it was the result of boredom in a prosperous society where unemployment was virtually nonexistent. | 圌ãã®äžåçãã€åã£ãå¿é
ã¶ãã¯ã倱æ¥ãªã©å®è³ªç¡ãã«çããã£ãå¯è£ãªç€ŸäŒãçã¿åºããçµæãåŠæ ã§ãã£ãããã«ãæ¯æ²¢æ±ã®ç¯çœªãç¥ããªãããšã®ç£ç©ã§ãã£ãã |
æ¥æ¬èªãžã®ç¿»èš³ãè¡ã£ãŠãã ãã | Today, by contrast, their heirs are openly criticizing the Asian capitalist model. | 圌ãã®åŸç¶è
ãã¡ã¯ä»æ¥ã§ã¯ã察ç
§çã«ãã¢ãžã¢ã®è³æ¬äž»çŸ©ã¢ãã«ãå
¬ç¶ãšæ¹å€ããŠããã |
enããjpãžã®å€æãèããŠãã ãã | Yesterday China was an anti-capitalist lodestar for utopian revolutionaries; today it has become an ultra-liberal nemesis for a new generation of utopian reactionaries â the defenders of the status quo in Europe. | ãã€ãŠäžåœã¯ã空æ³ççæ³äž»çŸ©è
ã«ãšã£ãŠåè³æ¬äž»çŸ©ã®ææšã§ãã£ãããä»æ¥ã§ã¯æ°äžä»£ã®ç©ºæ³ççæ³åå䞻矩è
ãããªãã¡ãšãŒãããçŸç¶ç¶æã®æè·è
ã«ãšã£ãŠããŠã«ãã©ãªãã©ã«çãªå€©çœ°ãå ãããã®ã«å€ãã£ãã |
æ¥æ¬èªã§æå³ã®å¯Ÿå¿ããæãäœæããŠãã ãã | The student demonstrators in the streets of Paris recently donât want to become like Chinese and Indians; they reject the logic of globalization and refuse to surrender hard-won social guarantees. | æšä»ãããªè¡é ã®åŠçãã¢æŽ»å家ã¯äžåœäººãã€ã³ã人ã®ããã«ãªãããã£ãŠã¯ããªãâŠåœŒãã¯ã°ããŒããªãŒãŒã·ã§ã³ã®è«çãæ絶ããèŸããåã¡åã£ã瀟äŒä¿éãææŸãããšãæåŠããŠããã®ã ã |
次ã®è±èªãæ¥æ¬èªã«èš³ããŠãã ãã | European economic elites perceive China and India very differently. | ãšãŒãããã®çµæžãšãªãŒãã®ãäžåœãšã€ã³ãã«å¯Ÿããèªèã¯ãããããéåžžã«ç°ãªã£ãŠããã |
è±èªããæ¥æ¬èªã«èš³ããŠãã ãã | They are now fully aware that their slightly nostalgic post-colonial view of these countries as large export markets and deep reservoirs of cheap labor has become outdated. | 圌ãã¯ã2åœã巚倧ãªèŒžåºåžå ŽããããŠäœè³éåŽåè
ã®å€§å®åº«ãšèŠãªããããæå€çã«å
ã»æ€æ°å°ãšæããèŠè§£ããæ代é
ããšãªã£ãããšã«å®å
šã«æ°ãã€ããã |
æ¥æ¬èªã«ç¿»èš³ããŠãã ãã | China and India have become genuine competitors who deserve respect, if not sheer awe. | äžåœãšã€ã³ãã¯ãå°éãïŒçããšãŸã§ã¯èšãããšãïŒåããã«å€ããæ¬ç©ã®ç«¶äºçžæãšãªã£ãã®ã ã |
enããjpãžã®å€æãèããŠãã ãã | Quality, costs, and delivery times in auto manufacturing, for example, are reaching the European level. | äŸãã°ãèªåè»ç£æ¥ã«ãããå質ãã³ã¹ãããããŠèŒžéæéãªã©ã¯ããšãŒãããã¬ãã«ã«å°éãã€ã€ããã |
æ¥æ¬èªã§æå³ã®å¯Ÿå¿ããæãäœæããŠãã ãã | Europe retains an advantage in terms of pure science, as in the pharmaceutical industry, but emerging world-class companies, particularly in India, are increasingly able to recruit M.I.T. and Harvard graduates, while maintaining lower labor costs and thus global competitiveness. | ãšãŒãããã¯ã補è¬ç£æ¥ã«èŠãããããã«ãçè«ã«ããçŽç²ç§åŠã«é¢ããŠæå©ãªç¹ãä¿æããŠããããç¹ã«ã€ã³ãã«ãããŠå°é ããäžçã¬ãã«ã®äŒæ¥ã¯ãããµãã¥ãŒã»ããå·¥ç§å€§åŠãããŒããŒã倧åŠã®åæ¥çãããå€ãæ¡çšã§ããããã«ãªãäžæ¹ã§ãããäœãåŽåè³éãããªãã¡ã°ããŒãã«ãªç«¶äºåãç¶æããŠããã |
enããjpãžç¿»èš³ããŠãã ãã | Unfortunately, although European leaders recognize the Asian challenge, they have failed to use it as a reality test in the irresistible process of globalization and as a call to arms in social and economic terms. | ããã«ãããšãŒãããã®ãªãŒããŒéã¯ã¢ãžã¢ã®ææŠãèªèããŠããã®ã«ãæããã ãããã°ããŒããªãŒãŒã·ã§ã³ãšãããæããããªãéçšã«ãããçŸå Žæ€èšŒãšããŠããŸã瀟äŒçãçµæžçèŠå°ã«ãããæŠåè¡äœ¿ãšããŠäœ¿ãããšã«å€±æããã |
æ¥æ¬èªã«ç¿»èš³ããŠãã ãã | In fact, it would be fair to say that European politicians, with few exceptions, such as Tony Blair, have been slow to adjust their worldviews in accordance with the revolutionary pace of change in Asia. | å®éããšï¿œï¿œãããã®æ¿æ²»å®¶ã¯ããããŒã»ãã¬ã¢ãªã©äžéšãé€ããã¢ãžã¢ã«ãããå€åã®é©åœçãªããŒã¹ã«å¯Ÿããäžç芳ãé å¿ãããã®ã«æéãããã£ããšèšã£ãŠããã ããã |
è±èªããæ¥æ¬èªã«èš³ããŠãã ãã | Caught between their lack of long-term strategic vision and their obsession with short-term interests, Europeâs political leaders have largely failed to win the respect of their Asian counterparts, in contrast to European companies, which are faring much better in Asian eyes. | é·æçæŠç¥ããžã§ã³ã®æ¬ åŠãšãçæçé¢å¿ãžã®å·çãšã®éã§æ¿ã°ãã¿ãšãªãããšãŒãããã®æ¿æ²»ãªãŒããŒã¯ãã¢ãžã¢ã®ã«ãŠã³ã¿ãŒããŒãããã®å°éãåã¡åãããšã«å€§å€±æããã ã¢ãžã¢äººãšãã£ãœã©ããŸãè¡ã£ãŠãããšãŒãããäŒæ¥ãšã¯å¯Ÿç
§çã§ããã |
次ã®è±èªãæ¥æ¬èªã«èš³ããŠãã ãã | Of course, on a continent that has largely failed to bury its past and close the door to nationalist ghosts, the EU is also often regarded by Asians as a model of reconciliation, peace, and prosperity. | ãã¡ãããéå»ã®åè¬ãããŠåœç²äž»çŸ©ã®äº¡éã®ç· ãåºãã«å€§å€±æãã倧éžã«ãããŠãã¯ã¢ãžã¢äººããå解ãå¹³åããããŠç¹æ ã®ã¢ãã«ãšèŠãªãããããšãå€ãã |
æ¥æ¬èªã«ç¿»èš³ããŠãã ãã | But if Europeâs performance continues to decline, would this perception survive? | ãããããããšãŒãããã®ããã©ãŒãã³ã¹ãæžå°ã®äžéããã©ããšããŠãããã®èªèã¯çãæ®ãã ãããïŒ |
æ¥æ¬èªã§æå³ã®å¯Ÿå¿ããæãäœæããŠãã ãã | Perhaps Asians would then come to regard the European model as a political version of Venice â a place to visit with nostalgia for its past glory and admiration for its museum-like quality. | ããããããããªãã°ã¢ãžã¢äººã¯ãšãŒãããã¢ãã«ããæ¿æ²»çãŽã§ããã¢ãšããŠèŠãããã«ãªãã ããïŒéå»ã®æ å
ã«å¯Ÿããæå€çãªææ
ãšãåç©é€šé¢šã®å質ãžã®çŸšæãšãæã£ãŠèšªããå Žæ ãšããŠã |
enããjpãžç¿»èš³ããŠãã ãã | The Hamas Earthquake | ããã¹å°é |
enããjpãžã®å€æãèããŠãã ãã | Hamasâs crushing defeat of Fatah in this weekâs elections brings the Palestinian people to a crossroads. | ä»é±è¡ãããéžæã§ã®ãããã¹ã«ãããã¡ã¿ãã®å€§æåã«ãã£ãŠããã¬ã¹ããã®äººã
ã¯å²è·¯ã«ç«ããããã |
enããjpãžã®å€æãèããŠãã ãã | An Islamist political party that previously abstained from national politics and rejects Fatahâs policy of negotiations with Israel, is now in charge in Palestine. | 以åã¯åœå
æ¿æ²»ãžã®é¢äžãæ£æš©ããã€ã¹ã©ãšã«ãšã®äº€æžãé²ãããã¡ã¿ãã®æ¿çãæåŠããŠããã€ã¹ã©ã ææ¿å
ãããã¬ã¹ããã®æ¿æš©ãæ
ãããšã«ãªãã®ã ã |
è±èªãæ¥æ¬èªã«ç¿»èš³ããŠãã ãã | Hamas won 76 of 132 seats in the Palestinian Legislative Council, and can count on support from four independent deputies. | ããã¹ã¯ãã¬ã¹ããç«æ³è©è°äŒã®132åžäž76åžãç²åŸãã4人ã®ç¡æå±è°å¡ããã®æ¯æãåããã |
enããjpãžç¿»èš³ããŠãã ãã | Overall, thatâs 60% of the seats in Parliament, won in nearly every district in the West Bank and Gaza. | å
šäœãšããŠã¿ãã°ãæ¿åºã®60ïŒ
ãå ããã¬ã¶ã»è¥¿å²žã»ãŒå
šãŠã®å°åºã§ã®åå©ãæå³ããã |
次ã®è±èªãæ¥æ¬èªã«èš³ããŠãã ãã | Hamas entered electoral politics only recently, but its massive victory was preceded by wide success in municipal elections. | ããã¹ãéžæã«åå
¥ããã®ã¯ããæè¿ã®ããšã§ããããä»åã®å§åçåå©ã«å
ç«ã£ãŠå°æ¹è©è°äŒéžæã§å€§ããªæåãåããŠããã |
è±èªããæ¥æ¬èªã«èš³ããŠãã ãã | Hamasâs political moment has come. | ããã¹æ¿æ²»ã®æãæ¥ãã®ã§ããã |
æ¥æ¬èªã§æå³ã®å¯Ÿå¿ããæãäœæããŠãã ãã | Under Palestinian law, Mahmoud Abbas, the Palestinian president, must now ask Hamas to form a new government. | ãã¬ã¹ããèªæ²»æ¿åºé·å®ããã ãŒãã»ã¢ããã¹ã¯ããã¬ã¹ããæ²æ³ã«åŸããããã¹ã«æ°æ¿åºèšç«ãæ±ããªããã°ãªããªãã |
æ¥æ¬èªã§æå³ã®å¯Ÿå¿ããæãäœæããŠãã ãã | For their part, Fatah officials seem unwilling to join a Hamas-led government. | ãã¡ã¿ã掟è°å¡ãã¡ã¯ãããã¹äž»å°æ¿åºãžã®åå ã¯äžæ¬æã§ããããšã䌺ããã |
æ¥æ¬èªã§æå³ã®å¯Ÿå¿ããæãäœæããŠãã ãã | Although Hamas has said that it would seek such a coalition, Fatahâs humiliating defeat has left it with little credibility as a governing partner. | ããã¹åŽã¯é£ç«ãšãã圢ããšãæ¹éãæã¡åºãããããã¡ã¿ãã¯å±èŸ±çæåãããã統治ããŒãããŒãšããŠã®ä¿¡é Œæ§ã¯ã»ãšãã©ãªããªã£ãã |
次ã®è±èªãæ¥æ¬èªã«èš³ããŠãã ãã | So far, Fatahâs senior leaders have declared that they will be a loyal opposition in Parliament, leaving governmental responsibility to Hamas. | ãããŸã§ã®ãšããããã¡ã¿ãã®å¹¹éšãã¡ã¯ãããã¹ã«æ¿åºè²¬ä»»ãæ®ããæ¿åºã®å
¬åŒéå
ãšãªãããšã宣èšããã |
æ¥æ¬èªãžã®ç¿»èš³ãè¡ã£ãŠãã ãã | Instead, they will have to focus on rebuilding and reenergizing Fatah. | 代ããã«ããã¡ã¿ãã¯èªå
ã®å建ãšåèã«éäžããªããã°ãªããªãã |
è±èªããæ¥æ¬èªã«èš³ããŠãã ãã | Hamas is well aware of the shock that its victory has produced. | ããã¹ã¯ä»åã®åå©ãçã¿åºãã·ã§ãã¯ãååèªèããŠããã |
次ã®è±èªãæ¥æ¬èªã«èš³ããŠãã ãã | If Fatah refuses to join a coalition, Hamas may opt for a government of independents and technocrats. | ãããã¡ã¿ããé£ç«ãæãã°ãããã¹ã¯ç¡æå±ãšå°éæè¡è
ïŒãã¯ãã¯ã©ãŒãïŒã§ã€ããæ¿åºãéžæããã§ãããã |
è±èªãæ¥æ¬èªã«ç¿»èš³ããŠãã ãã | It is unlikely that Hamas will form a government composed of hardliners. | ããã¹ããç«ãŠåœ¹è
ãã§æ§æãããæ¿åºãäœãåºããšã¯æãé£ãã |
enããjpãžç¿»èš³ããŠãã ãã | The political, security, and economic circumstances of the Palestinians require a government focused on solving problems, not ideological purity. | ãã¬ã¹ããã®æ¿æ²»ãå®å
šããããŠçµæžçç¶æ³ãå¿
èŠãšããŠããã®ã¯ãã€ããªãã®ãŒã®çŽç²ãã§ã¯ãªããåé¡è§£æ±ºã«çŠç¹ããããæ¿åºã§ããã |
æ¥æ¬èªã«ç¿»èš³ããŠãã ãã | The most urgent challenge facing the new government is rampant lawlessness and anarchy throughout Palestinian society. | æ°æ¿åºãçŽé¢ããæãç·æ¥ã®èª²é¡ã¯ããã¬ã¹ãã瀟äŒã«æšªè¡ããç¡æ³ã»ç¡æ¿åºç¶æ
ãžã®å¯Ÿå¿ã§ããã |
enããjpãžç¿»èš³ããŠãã ãã | Murder, kidnapping, and extortion have reached record heights. | 殺人ãèªæãããŠåŒ·å¥ªã¯èšé²çãªä»¶æ°ã«éããŠããã |
è±èªã®æãæ¥æ¬èªã®æã«å€æããŠãã ãã | Armed individuals resort to kidnapping to get jobs, free family members from prison, and exact revenge. | ä»äºãåŸãããã家æãç¢çããéããããããããŠçããå®ããé襲ã®ããã«ãæŠè£
ããå人ãèªæãšããæ段ã«èšŽããŠããã |
è±èªã®æãæ¥æ¬èªã®æã«å€æããŠãã ãã | Often, the people involved in these crimes belong to local gangs or even to the militias of large clans. | ãã®ãããªç¯çœªã«é¢äžããŠããè
ãã¡ã¯ãå°å
ã®ã®ã£ã³ã°ããããã¯å€§èŠæš¡ãªäžå³ã®æ°å
µã§ããããšãå€ãã |
æ¥æ¬èªã§æå³ã®å¯Ÿå¿ããæãäœæããŠãã ãã | In opposition, Hamas adamantly refused to collect illegal weapons. | ããã¹ã¯éå
ã®ç«å Žã«ãã£ãæãäžæ³æŠåšã®ååãæåºãšããŠæåŠããŠããã |
è±èªãæ¥æ¬èªã«ç¿»èš³ããŠãã ãã | Now, it will have to deal with a Palestinian society that is armed to the teeth, with poverty rates reaching 70% and unemployment at 35% . | ããŸã圌ãã¯å¯žåã®éããªãæŠè£
ãããã¬ã¹ãã瀟äŒïŒè²§å°ç70 ïŒ
ã 倱æ¥ç35 ïŒ
ïŒ ã«å¯Ÿå¿ããªããã°ãªããªãã |
è±èªããæ¥æ¬èªã«èš³ããŠãã ãã | Having benefited from overwhelming political rejection of Fatah, Hamas will now be judged by how it uses its new authority. | ãã¡ã¿ãã«å¯Ÿããå§åçãªæ¿æ²»çæåŠããå©ãåŸãããã¹ããæ°ããªæš©åãã©ã䜿ã£ãŠããã®ãã«å¯©æ»ã®ç®ãéãŸãã |
enããjpãžã®å€æãèããŠãã ãã | For the first time, a political clock is ticking for Hamas. | åããŠãããã¹ã®æ¿æ²»ãæãå»ã¿åºããã®ã ã |
è±èªããæ¥æ¬èªã«èš³ããŠãã ãã | Senior Hamas officials are well aware of the challenge, and have promised a complete overhaul of Palestinian public services and administration. | ããã¹ã®å¹¹éšã¯ããã®ææŠãååèªèãããã¬ã¹ããã®å
Œ
±ãµãŒãã¹ãšè¡æ¿ã®å®å
šã»åŸ¹åºçãªèŠçŽããçŽæããã |
è±èªã®æãæ¥æ¬èªã®æã«å€æããŠãã ãã | More than anything else, Hamasâs success in the coming months will be measured by its response to these issues. | ããããã®æ°ã¶æãã»ãã®äºã¯ãããããŠãããããã®åé¡ã«å¯Ÿããåå¿ã§ãããã¹ã®æåãããã¯æž¬ãããããšã«ãªãã |
enããjpãžã®å€æãèããŠãã ãã | Will Hamas be able to root out corruption and incompetence, and deliver services fairly and efficiently? | ããã¹ã¯å èœãšç¡èœåãæ ¹çµ¶ããå
¬å¹³ã»å¹æçã«ãµãŒãã¹ã®æäŸãããããšãã§ããã ãããïŒ |
æ¥æ¬èªã§æå³ã®å¯Ÿå¿ããæãäœæããŠãã ãã | How will its election affect Palestineâs foreign aid inflows, which form major component of the national budget? | ä»åã®éžæçµæã¯ããã¬ã¹ããã®åœå
äºç®ã®å€§éšåãæ§æããæµ·å€ããã®æŽå©éæµå
¥ã«ãã©ã®ãããªåœ±é¿ãåãŒãã®ãïŒ |
enããjpãžã®å€æãèããŠãã ãã | Initial international reaction to the Hamas victory has been severe. | ããã¹ã®åå©ã«å¯Ÿãã第äžæ®µéã®åœéçãªåå¿ã¯ççãªãã®ãšãªã£ãŠããã |
è±èªã®æãæ¥æ¬èªã®æã«ç¿»èš³ããŠãã ãã | The Bush administration has declared that it will not deal with a Hamas government, because Hamas remains committed to Israelâs destruction. | ããã·ã¥æ¿æš©ã¯ãããã¹ãã€ã¹ã©ãšã«ããæ»
ã«åŸåãç¶ããŠãããããããã¹æ¿åºãšã¯äº€æžããªããšå®£èšããã |
æ¥æ¬èªã§æå³ã®å¯Ÿå¿ããæãäœæããŠãã ãã | This, indeed, is the language of Hamasâs 1988 covenant. | ããã¯ããŸãã«ã1988幎ã®ããã¹æ²ç« ã«æžãããããšã§ããã |
enããjpãžç¿»èš³ããŠãã ãã | Interestingly, however, Hamasâs election platform combined different approaches to the issue of a Palestinian state. | ããããªãããããã¹ã®å
¬çŽã¯ãã¬ã¹ããåœå®¶ã®åé¡ã«å¯Ÿããç°ãªãã¢ãããŒããçµã¿åããããã®ã§ãã£ãããšã¯èå³æ·±ãã |