instruction
stringclasses 10
values | en
stringlengths 1
466
| jp
stringlengths 1
253
|
---|---|---|
enããjpãžã®å€æãèããŠãã ãã | Soaring house prices worldwide are propping up consumer demand in many countries, and, according to a recent study by the International Monetary Fund, continually falling long-term interest rates explain two-thirds or more of the global price rise. | äžçäžã§èµ·ããŠããäœå®
ããã«ã¯å€ãã®åœã«ãããæ¶è²»è
éèŠã䌞ã°ããŠãããåœéé貚åºé(International Monetary Fund)ã®æè¿ã®èª¿æ»ã«ãããšãäžèœãç¶ããé·æéå©ã¯ã3åã®2ãŸãã¯ãã以äžã®äžççãªç©äŸ¡äžæãåŒãèµ·ãããŠããã |
enããjpãžç¿»èš³ããŠãã ãã | Europe has benefited less, but its economies would be a lot worse off if long-term interest rates climbed back to their 25-year average. | ãšãŒãããã®åŸãå©çã¯å°ãªãããããé·æéå©ããããŸã§ã®25幎平åãŸã§ã¯ãæ»ã£ããšãããã欧å·çµæžã¯ãã£ãšã²ã©ãç¶æ
ã«ãªã£ãŠããã ããã |
è±èªãæ¥æ¬èªã«ç¿»èš³ããŠãã ãã | Similarly, Latin America has been booming in recent years, despite high debt burdens and a mixed record of policy reform. | åæ§ã«ãã©ãã³ã¢ã¡ãªã«ã®æ¯æ°ã¯ãé«é¡ã®åéãšæ··ä¹±ããæ¿çæ¹é©ã«ããããããæè¿æ¥æ¿ã«è¯ããªã£ãŠããã |
æ¥æ¬èªã«ç¿»èš³ããŠãã ãã | Low long-term interest rates have kept the regionâs debts manageable, while high consumer demand has helped bid up prices for the regionâs commodity exports. | é·æã«ãããäœéå©ã®ãããã§åéãããããã§ããåæã«æ¶è²»è
ã®éèŠãé«ãŸã£ãŠå°åã®çç£å茞åºã®å€æ®µãããäžããããšãã§ããããã§ããã |
è±èªã®æãæ¥æ¬èªã®æã«å€æããŠãã ãã | Why hasnât the huge spike in oil prices cut the world to its knees, as it has on so many other occasions? | ã§ã¯ããªãä»åãåæ²¹äŸ¡æ Œã®æ¥éš°ã¯äžçãå±åŸãããªãã£ãã®ãïŒ |
è±èªã®æãæ¥æ¬èªã®æã«å€æããŠãã ãã | Again, the answer is low interest rates. | ä»ã«äŸãèŠãªããã®çŸç¶ãããŸãã«äœéå©ã®ãããã§ããã |
è±èªã®æãæ¥æ¬èªã®æã«ç¿»èš³ããŠãã ãã | Ordinarily, a sharp rise in oil prices quickly translates into higher inflation expectations, followed by rising interest rates at all maturities. | éåžžãåæ²¹äŸ¡æ Œã®æ¥æ¿ãªäžæã¯ãã€ã³ãã¬é«éš°ãšããã«ç¶ãéå©äžæãäºæž¬ãããããä»åã¯ãç±³åœé£éŠæºåéè¡ã§ããçæ貞ä»ã®å©çãåŒãäžããŠã€ã³ãã¬ãæããŠããã |
è±èªããæ¥æ¬èªã«èš³ããŠãã ãã | But this time, even as the US Federal Reserve keeps hiking its short-term lending rate to keep inflation in line, long-term interest rates â which are far more important â have been magically declining. | ããã«éèŠãªããšã«ãé·æéå©ãéæ³ã®ããã«äžãã£ãŠããŠããã®ã ã |
è±èªãæ¥æ¬èªã«ç¿»èš³ããŠãã ãã | Indeed, America has been the single biggest beneficiary of this freakish low-interest-rate environment, with everyone seeming to borrow money like it is going out of style. | ãããã«ãäŸå€çãªäœéå©ããå¯äžãæ倧ã®å©çãåããã¢ã¡ãªã«ã§ã¯çãæå
ã«ãšãéãåããŠããã |
æ¥æ¬èªãžã®ç¿»èš³ãè¡ã£ãŠãã ãã | Homeowners, backed by rising house prices, are piling up debt. | èªåã®å®¶ãæã£ãŠãã人ã¯ãäœå®
äŸ¡æ Œã®äžæã«åŸæŒããããŠãåéãç©ã¿äžããŠããã |
次ã®è±èªãæ¥æ¬èªã«èš³ããŠãã ãã | The Federal government has thrown fiscal prudence out the window. | é£éŠæ¿åºã¯è²¡æ¿äžã®æ
éããæšãŠãŠããŸã£ãã |
è±èªã®æãæ¥æ¬èªã®æã«å€æããŠãã ãã | The country as a whole is absorbing an astounding three-quarters of global excess savings. But, as long as interest rates remain low and growth high, Americans can laugh at predictions that their excesses are laying the seeds of ruin. | åœå
šäœã§ãäžçäžã®è²¯èè¶
éã®4åã®3ãšããé©ãã®éé¡ãåžåããŠããããäœéå©ãé«æé·ãç¶æãããŠããéããã¢ã¡ãªã«åœæ°ã¯ã圌ãã®è¶
éãç Žç£ã®çš®ãèããŠãããšããäºèšãç¬ãé£ã°ããŠããããã ããã |
è±èªã®æãæ¥æ¬èªã®æã«å€æããŠãã ãã | But if low long-term interest rates are helping so many economies walk on water, why are rates so low, and will they stay that way? | äœãé·æéå©ããããªã«å€ãã®åœã®çµæžã«å¥è·¡ãèµ·ãããŠããããã§ã¯ãªãå©çããããªã«äœãã®ãããããŠããã¯ãã€ãŸã§ç¶ãã®ã ãããïŒ |
æ¥æ¬èªã§æå³ã®å¯Ÿå¿ããæãäœæããŠãã ãã | Perhaps the situation is far more fragile than many policymakers would have us believe. | å®éã®ç¶æ³ã¯ãå€ãã®æ¿æ²»å®¶ã®ææãããã£ãšã¯å±ããã®ãããããªãã |
æ¥æ¬èªã§æå³ã®å¯Ÿå¿ããæãäœæããŠãã ãã | Perhaps people have come to feel less , not more, secure about their long-term future, either because of fears about terrorism, a global pandemic, or a severe rash of financial crises. | 人ã
ã¯ããã®ææãäžççãªäŒæç
ãå³ãã財æ¿å±æ©ã®å€çºãªã©ããããŠïœ€é·æã®å°æ¥ã«ããäžå®ãæããããã«ãªã£ãŠããŠããã®ã§ã¯ãªãã ãããã |
enããjpãžç¿»èš³ããŠãã ãã | I am not claiming that investors are hysterical, just that they may have become a bit more concerned about the long-term outlook. As a consequence, they are crowding into bonds and debt instruments that they view, rightly or wrongly, as safe vehicles. | ç§ã¯ãæè³å®¶ãå€å°é·æã®èŠéããå¿é
ãå§ãããããšãã£ãŠã圌ãããã¹ããªãŒã«ãªã£ãŠãããšèšã£ãŠããã®ã§ã¯ãªãããäžé£ã®æµããåããŠïœ€åœŒãã¯å®å
šçãšããŠâæ£ããèŠéããã©ããã¯å¥åé¡ãšããŠâåµæš©ãåµåžååã®è³Œå
¥ã«æ®ºå°ããŠããã®ãäºå®ã ã |
è±èªã®æãæ¥æ¬èªã®æã«å€æããŠãã ãã | Other convincing explanations are lacking. | ä»ã«èª¬åŸåã®ãã説æã¯èŠããããªãã |
è±èªãæ¥æ¬èªã«ç¿»èš³ããŠãã ãã | To be sure, emerging markets have been on an unusual savings spree, rebuilding reserves and improving balance sheets, but nobody expects this to go on forever. | 確ãã«ãæ°èåžå Žã¯ç°åžžãªçãäžãããã¿ããå©çæºåéã®å»ºãŠçŽããšãã©ã³ã¹ã·ãŒãã®æ¹è¯ãæãããããããã誰ããããæ°žé ã«ç¶ããšã¯æã£ãŠããªãã |
è±èªã®æãæ¥æ¬èªã®æã«å€æããŠãã ãã | Even US Federal Reserve Chairman Alan Greenspan ordinarily the Oracle of Delphi on interest-rate matters, has declared the current situation âa conundrum.â | é£éŠæºåå¶åºŠçäºäŒè°é·ã®ã¢ã©ã³ã»ã°ãªãŒã³ã¹ãã³ã§ãããéå©åé¡ã«ã€ããŠã¯ ã ïŒ é·æéå©ãçŸåšã®ç¶æ³äžã§ããã ãäœãã®ã¯ïŒè¬ã ããšçºèšããã |
enããjpãžã®å€æãèããŠãã ãã | History suggests that the global technology boom has yet to play itself out, with US productivity gains likely to radiate out across the world, raising growth rates everywhere. | ãããŸã§ã®çµéãèŠãŠãäžçã®æè¡é²æ©ã¯ãŸã ãŸã æ¢ãŸããšãããç¥ãããç±³åœã®çç£æ§ã®å©çã¯äžçäžã§æåããè³ãæã§æé·çãäžããŠããã ããã |
æ¥æ¬èªã§æå³ã®å¯Ÿå¿ããæãäœæããŠãã ãã | Ordinarily, rapid global growth translates into high long-term interest rates â that is, unless, deep down, people have become nervous. | éåžžãæ¥éãªã°ããŒãã«æé·ã¯é·æé«éå©ã瀺åãããã®ã ã çŸç¶ã¯ããã§ãªããšãã人ã
ã®å¿åºã§ã¯äžå®ã枊巻ããŠãããšããããã |
è±èªã®æãæ¥æ¬èªã®æã«å€æããŠãã ãã | Suppose investors are worried about a small chance of catastrophe over the next five to ten years. (According to experts on nuclear terrorism and pandemics, the dangers are real.) | æè³å®¶ãã¡ããã®å
5ïœ10幎以å
ã«äžäžèµ·ããåŸã倧æšäºãå¿é
ããŠãããšæ³å®ããŠã¿ããïŒæ žç匟ãããæµè¡ç
ã®å°é家ã«ããã°ãå®éã«å±éºåºŠã¯é«ã ïŒ ã |
è±èªã®æãæ¥æ¬èªã®æã«ç¿»èš³ããŠãã ãã | Suppose investors believe that growth will probably continue to be strong, but that maybe â just maybe â things will fall apart. In this case, it is entirely possible to have very low interest rates co-exist with strong growth. | æè³å®¶ãã¡ã¯é«æé·çãç¶æãããããšä¿¡ããŠããããããããããâãããŸã§ãæ³å®ã ãâç¶æ³ãå€ãããããããªããšãæããŠããããããéåžžã«äœãéå©ãšé«æé·ãäž¡ç«ãããå¯èœæ§ã¯ååã«ããã |
æ¥æ¬èªã«ç¿»èš³ããŠãã ãã | True, some economists point to the halcyon days of the 1950âs and early 1960âs, when Europe, the US, and Japan prospered, but interest rates generally remained well below the rate of economic growth. | ãšã³ããã¹ãã®äžã«ã¯1950幎代ãã60幎代åé ã«ãããŠã®ãšãŒããããã¢ã¡ãªã«ããããŠæ¥æ¬ã«ãããŠãçµæžç¹æ ãã€ã€ãéå©ã¯å
šäœçã«æé·çã«å¯ŸãäœãæããããŠããå¹³ç©ãªæ代ãäŸã«åºã人ã確ãã«ããã |
次ã®è±èªãæ¥æ¬èªã«èš³ããŠãã ãã | Since that was a golden era for global growth, why worry if we are seeing the same phenomenon today? | ä»æ¥èµ·ããŠããç¶æ³ãäžççæé·ã®é»éæ代ãšåããªã®ã ããããªãå¿é
ããå¿
èŠããããããšããã®ã§ããã |
æ¥æ¬èªãžã®ç¿»èš³ãè¡ã£ãŠãã ãã | What the optimists forget is that the 1950âs and 1960âs were also a period of massive insecurity. | 楜芳䞻矩è
ãå¿ããŠããã®ã¯ã1950幎代ãš60幎代ã¯åæã«ã²ã©ãå±éºãªæ代ã§ããã£ããšããããšã ã |
è±èªããæ¥æ¬èªã«èš³ããŠãã ãã | Many people realistically feared the outbreak of World War III â and with good reason, according to many historians. | å€ãã®äººãçŸå®çã«ç¬¬äžæ¬¡äžç倧æŠã®åçºãäºæããŠããâãããŠããã¯å€ãã®æŽå²å®¶ã«ããã°åœç¶ã®æèŠã ã£ããšããã |
enããjpãžç¿»èš³ããŠãã ãã | Back then, the specter of the Apocalypse helped keep borrowing cheap. | åœæã¯ãé»ç€ºé²ã®æããã幻圱ã楯ã«äœãå©åã§åéãã§ããã |
è±èªããæ¥æ¬èªã«èš³ããŠãã ãã | Happily, investorsâ darkest fears were not realized, and we can only hope for the same. | æè³å®¶ãã¡ã®æããããŸããæžå¿µã¯å¹žãã«ãææã«çµãã£ãããæã
ã®æãåãçµæã«ãªãããšãç¥ãã°ããã§ããã |
è±èªãæ¥æ¬èªã«ç¿»èš³ããŠãã ãã | But if insecurity is a major undercurrent of todayâs record-low interest rates, then G-8 leaders should be more cautious in their self-congratulation. | ããããä»æ¥ã®èšé²çãªäœéå©ã®æ ¹åºã«æµããã®ãäž»ã«å±éºã«å¯Ÿããææã ãšããããïŒã®ãªãŒããŒãã¡ã¯èªç»èªè³ããåã«çšå¿ããªããã°ãªããªãã ããã |
è±èªãæ¥æ¬èªã«ç¿»èš³ããŠãã ãã | Investorsâ collective psychology is notoriously fragile. | è³æ¬å®¶ã®éå£å¿çã®å£ããããã¯åšç¥ã®äºå®ã ã |
è±èªããæ¥æ¬èªã«èš³ããŠãã ãã | If they ever calm down, interest rates will shoot up, and that could well bring the global economyâs simmering imbalances to a raging boil. | ãã圌ããããããæã«è¿ãã§ãããããéå©ã¯æ¥éš°ããçµæãã®ãªã®ãªã®ãšããã§æºããã§ããäžççµæžã®äžåè¡¡ã¯äžæ°ã«åŽ©ããŠããŸãã ããã |
æ¥æ¬èªã«ç¿»èš³ããŠãã ãã | The Emotional Clash of Civilizations | ææã®ææ
çè¡çª |
次ã®è±èªãæ¥æ¬èªã«èš³ããŠãã ãã | Throughout the so-called âwar on terror,â the notion of a âclash of civilizationâ between Islam and the West has usually been dismissed as politically incorrect and intellectually wrongheaded. | ãããã察ããæŠäºïœ£å
šè¬ãéããŠãã€ã¹ã©ã åŽãšè¥¿åŽã®ïœ¢ææã®è¡çªïœ£ãšãã芳念ã¯ãéåžžãæ¿æ²»çã«äžé©åœã§ãç¥çã«ãééã£ãèããšããŠåŽäžãããŠããã |
æ¥æ¬èªã§æå³ã®å¯Ÿå¿ããæãäœæããŠãã ãã | Instead, the most common interpretation has been that the world has entered a new era characterized by conflict âwithinâ a particular civilization, namely Islam, with fundamentalist Muslims as much at war against moderates as against the West. | 代ããã«ãäžçãæ°ããªæ代ãè¿ãããšããã®ãæãäžè¬çãªè§£éãšãããŠããã ç¹å®ã®ææãããªãã¡ã西åŽã«å¯Ÿãããšåæã«ç©å¥æŽŸã«å¯ŸããæŠããå«ã¶åç䞻矩æåŸãæ±ããã€ã¹ã©ã ã® ã ã å
åŽã«ãããã察ç«ã«ç¹åŸŽã¥ããããæ代ã§ããã |
æ¥æ¬èªã«ç¿»èš³ããŠãã ãã | The strategic conclusion derived from such an analysis was clear, ambitious, and easily summarized: democratization. | ãã®ãããªåæããåŸãããæŠç¥äžã®çµè«ã¯ãæçœã§ãæ欲çããããŠå®¹æã«èŠçŽã§ãããã®ïŒæ°äž»åã§ãã£ãã |
æ¥æ¬èªãžã®ç¿»èš³ãè¡ã£ãŠãã ãã | If the absence of democracy in the Islamic world was the problem, bringing democracy to the âGreater Middle-East would be the solution, and it was the historical duty of the United States, as the most powerful and moral nation, to bring about that necessary change. | ä»®ã«ã€ã¹ã©ã äžçã«ãããæ°äž»äž»çŸ©ã®æ¬ åŠãåé¡ãªã®ã§ããã°ãæ°äž»äž»çŸ©ãããããªãäžæ±å°åãžå°å
¥ããããšã解決çã§ãããããã«å¿
èŠãªæ¹é©ãå®çŸããããšã¯ãæã匷åã§é埳çãªåœãšããŠã¢ã¡ãªã«åè¡åœãè² ãæŽå²çãªçŸ©åã§ãã£ãã |
è±èªããæ¥æ¬èªã«èš³ããŠãã ãã | The status quo was untenable. | å€åã®ç¡ãç¶æ
ïŒstatus quoïŒã¯æ¯æã§ããªãã£ãã |
æ¥æ¬èªãžã®ç¿»èš³ãè¡ã£ãŠãã ãã | Implementing democracy, with or without regime change, was the only alternative to chaos and the rise of fundamentalism. | æ¿äœãæ¹é©ãããããªãã«æãããæ°äž»äž»çŸ©ã®å®æœã¯ãã«ãªã¹ãšåç䞻矩ã®å°é ãé¿ããå¯äžã®ä»£æ¡ã ã£ãã®ã ã |
次ã®è±èªãæ¥æ¬èªã«èš³ããŠãã ãã | Today, Iraq may be on the verge of civil war between Shiites and Sunnis. | ä»æ¥ãã€ã©ã¯ã¯ã·ãŒã¢æŽŸãšã¹ã³ã掟éã®åžæ°æŠäºåçºã®å±æ©ã«ç«ã£ãŠãããšèšãããã |
è±èªã®æãæ¥æ¬èªã®æã«å€æããŠãã ãã | Iran under a new and more radical president is moving irresistibly towards possessing a nuclear capacity. | ããæ¥é²çãªæ°å€§çµ±é ã®ããšã§ãã€ã©ã³ã¯æ žä¿æãžã®åãã«æããªãã |
è±èªã®æãæ¥æ¬èªã®æã«å€æããŠãã ãã | A free electoral process brought Hamas to power in Palestine, and the unfortunate episode of the Danish newspaper cartoons illustrated the almost combustible nature of relations between Islam and the West. | ãã¬ã¹ããã§ã¯èªç±éžæãããã¹ã«æš©åãäžãããããŠãã»ãŒäžè§Šå³çºã®ã€ã¹ã©ã åŽãšè¥¿åŽã®é¢ä¿ãããã³ããŒã¯æ°è颚åºç»ãæããéºæŸãªåºæ¥äºãèµ·ãã£ãã |
enããjpãžç¿»èš³ããŠãã ãã | All of these developments are paving the way to new interpretations. | ãããå
šãŠã®æ°äºæ
ã¯ãæ°ããªè§£éãžã®åžç³ãæã£ãŠããã |
次ã®è±èªãæ¥æ¬èªã«èš³ããŠãã ãã | Rather than a âclash of civilizations,â we might instead be faced by multiple layers of conflict, which interact with each other in ways that increase global instability. | ææã®è¡çªïœ£ãšèšãããããããæã
ãçŽé¢ãããããããªãã®ã¯ãäžçã®äžå®å®æ§ãå©é·ããããã¡ã§çžäºã«äœçšãããè€æ°ã®å±€ãããªã察ç«ã§ããã |
è±èªã®æãæ¥æ¬èªã®æã«å€æããŠãã ãã | Indeed, it appears that the world is witnessing a triple conflict. | å®éãäžçã¯ä»ãïŒéã®å¯Ÿç«ãç®ã®åœããã«ããŠããããã ã |
次ã®è±èªãæ¥æ¬èªã«èš³ããŠãã ãã | There is a clash within Islam, which, if the violence in Iraq spreads to neighboring countries, risks causing regional destabilization. | ã€ã¹ã©ã å
ã§ã®è¡çªã¯ãããæŽåãè¿éã®åœã
ãŸã§åºããã°ãå°åã®åä¹±ãåŒãèµ·ããå±éºãããã |
è±èªã®æãæ¥æ¬èªã®æã«å€æããŠãã ãã | There is also a clash that is best described not as being between Islam and the West, but between the secularized world and a growing religious one. | ãŸããã€ã¹ã©ã åŽãšè¥¿åŽã®éã§ã¯ãªããå®æããåé¢ãããäžçãšå®æè²ã匷ããåŽã®éã«ãããããšããæåãæãé©åœãªè¡çªãããã |
æ¥æ¬èªã«ç¿»èš³ããŠãã ãã | At an even deeper and atavistic level, there is an emotional clash between a culture of fear and a culture of humiliation. | ããã«æ·±ãéäžéºäŒçãªã¬ãã«ã«ã¯ãæãã®ã«ã«ãã£ãŒãšå±èŸ±ã®ã«ã«ãã£ãŒã®éã«ããããææ
ã®è¡çªãããã |
è±èªã®æãæ¥æ¬èªã®æã«ç¿»èš³ããŠãã ãã | It would be a gross oversimplification to speak, as some are doing, of a clash between civilization and barbarism. | äžéšã®è
ãããŠãããããªãææãšéè®ã®éã«ãããè¡çªãšãã説ã¯ãããŸãã«ãåçŽåãéãã§ãããã |
è±èªãæ¥æ¬èªã«ç¿»èš³ããŠãã ãã | In reality, we are confronted with a widening divide over the role of religion, which runs between the West (with the US being a complicated exception) and much of the rest of the world (the most notable exception being China), but particularly the Islamic world. | å®éã«ã¯ã西åŽïŒè€éãªäŸå€ãšããŠã®åè¡åœãå«ãïŒãšããã®ä»ã®äžçã®å€§éšåïŒæãé¡èãªäŸå€ã¯äžåœïŒãšã®éã«ã¯ããïŒäžã§ãç¹ã«ã€ã¹ã©ã äžçã«ãããïŒåè£ãã€ãŸãæ¡ããç¶ããå®æã®åœ¹å²ããããåè£ã«æã
ã¯çŽé¢ããŠããã®ã ã |
æ¥æ¬èªã§æå³ã®å¯Ÿå¿ããæãäœæããŠãã ãã | The divide reflects how religion defines an individualâs identity within a society. | åè£ã¯ã瀟äŒã«ãããå人ã®ã¢ã€ãã³ãã£ãã£ãå°åãããã«å®çŸ©ããããåæ ããã |
è±èªããæ¥æ¬èªã«èš³ããŠãã ãã | At a time when religion is becoming increasingly important elsewhere, we Europeans have largely forgotten our (violent and intolerant) religious past, and we have difficulty understanding the role that religion can play in other peoplesâ daily lives. | ããããæã§å®æã®éèŠæ§ãããããé«ãŸãæ代ã«ãããŠãæã
ãšãŒããã人ã¯èªãã®ïŒæŽåçã§åçãªïŒå®æçãªéå»ã®å€§éšåãå¿ãå»ããä»äººã®æ¥åžžç掻ã«ãããŠå®æãããã«å€§äºãªåœ¹å²ãæããåŸãã®ãããªããªãç解ã§ããªãã |
è±èªã®æãæ¥æ¬èªã®æã«ç¿»èš³ããŠãã ãã | In some ways, âtheyâ are our own buried past and, with a combination of ignorance, prejudice, and, above all, fear, âweâ are afraid that âtheyâ could define our future. | ããæå³ã§ ã ã 圌ããã¯æã
èªèº«ã®è¬ãããéå»ãªã®ã§ãã ã  æã
ã¯ãç¡ç¥ãåèŠããããŠäœããæããåããã£ãæããæ±ã ã  圌ãããæã
ã®æªæ¥ãå®ãããããããªãããšãå¿é
ããŠããã |
è±èªããæ¥æ¬èªã«èš³ããŠãã ãã | We live in a secular world, where free speech can easily turn into insensitive and irresponsible mockery, while others see religion as their supreme goal, if not their last hope. | æã
ãçãããã®éå®æçãªäžçã§ã¯ãèªç±ãªèšè«ãç°¡åã«ç¡ç¥çµã§ç¡è²¬ä»»ãªå·ãããã«å€ãã£ãŠããŸãã äžæ¹ã§ãå®æãæåŸã®æã¿ããšããã®ã§ãªãã«ããŠãã究極ã®ãŽãŒã«ãšèŠãªããŠãã人ã
ãããã |
æ¥æ¬èªã§æå³ã®å¯Ÿå¿ããæãäœæããŠãã ãã | They have tried everything, from nationalism to regionalism, from communism to capitalism. | 圌ãã¯ãåœç²äž»çŸ©ããå°æ¹äž»çŸ©ãå
±ç£äž»çŸ©ããè³æ¬äž»çŸ©ã«è³ããããããããã¡ãè©ŠããŠããã |
æ¥æ¬èªã«ç¿»èš³ããŠãã ãã | Since everything has failed, why not give God a chance? | ãã®å
šãŠã倱æããã®ã ãããä»åºŠã¯ç¥ã«ãã£ã³ã¹ããããŠã¿ããã§ã¯ãªããã |
æ¥æ¬èªã§æå³ã®å¯Ÿå¿ããæãäœæããŠãã ãã | Globalization may not have created these layers of conflicts, but it has accelerated them by making the differences more visible and palpable. | ã°ããŒããªãŒãŒã·ã§ã³ããããã®çŽäºã®å±€ãäœãåºããã®ã§ã¯ãªããããããªãããããããéããç®ã«èŠããããã«æçã«ããããšã«ãã£ãŠãããããå éããã |
æ¥æ¬èªã«ç¿»èš³ããŠãã ãã | In our globalized age, we have lost the privilege â and, paradoxically, the virtue â of ignorance. | æã
ã¯ãã®åœéåæ代ã«ãããŠãç¡ç¥ã®ç¹æš©ãïŒãããŠãé説çã«ããã®å¹åãïŒå€±ãããŠããã |
enããjpãžç¿»èš³ããŠãã ãã | We all see how others feel and react, but without the minimal historical and cultural tools necessary to decipher those reactions. | æã
ã¯çãä»äººãã©ãæããã©ãåå¿ããããèŠããããã®åå¿ã解èªããããã«å¿
èŠãªæäœéã®æŽå²çãæåçéå
·ããæããªãã |
è±èªã®æãæ¥æ¬èªã®æã«å€æããŠãã ãã | Globalization has paved the way to a world dominated by the dictatorship of emotions â and of ignorance. | ã°ããŒããªãŒãŒã·ã§ã³ã¯ææ
ã«ïŒãããŠç¡ç¥ã«ïŒç¬è£çã«æ¯é
ãããäžçãžã®éãç¯ããã®ã ã |
æ¥æ¬èªã§æå³ã®å¯Ÿå¿ããæãäœæããŠãã ãã | This clash of emotions is exacerbated in the case of Islam. | ãã®ææ
ã®è¡çªã¯ãã€ã¹ã©ã ã®åé¡ã«ãããŠæ¿åããŠããã |
è±èªã®æãæ¥æ¬èªã®æã«ç¿»èš³ããŠãã ãã | In the Arab world, in particular, Islam is dominated by a culture of humiliation felt by the people and nations that consider themselves the main losers, the worst victims, of a new and unjust international system. | ç¹ã«ã¢ã©ãäžçã§ã¯ãã€ã¹ã©ã ã¯ãèªããæ°ããäžå
¬å¹³ãªåœéçã·ã¹ãã ã®äžçªã®æè
ã§ãææªã®è¢«å®³è
ã§ãããšã¿ãªã人ã
ãæããå±èŸ±ã®ã«ã«ãã£ãŒã«æ¯é
ãããŠããã |
è±èªãæ¥æ¬èªã«ç¿»èš³ããŠãã ãã | From that standpoint, the Israel-Palestine conflict is exemplary. | ãã®èŠ³ç¹ããã¯ãã€ã¹ã©ãšã«ã»ãã¬ã¹ããçŽäºã¯å
žåäŸãšãããã |
è±èªãæ¥æ¬èªã«ç¿»èš³ããŠãã ãã | It has become an obsession. | ããã¯ãã§ã«å·å¿µã®æŠãã«ãªã£ãŠããã |
è±èªã®æãæ¥æ¬èªã®æã«å€æããŠãã ãã | It is not so much that Arabs and Muslims really care about the Palestinians. | ã¢ã©ããã ã¹ãªã ãããã¬ã¹ãã人ãæ¬åœã«ãããŸã§æ°ã«ãããŠãããšããããšã§ã¯ãªãã |
次ã®è±èªãæ¥æ¬èªã«èš³ããŠãã ãã | On the contrary, the Islamic world left the Palestinians without real support for decades. | ãããéã«ãã€ã¹ã©ã äžçã¯ãã¬ã¹ãã人ã«ãããªæ¯æŽãããã«ãäœå幎ãæŸã£ãŠããã |
æ¥æ¬èªãžã®ç¿»èš³ãè¡ã£ãŠãã ãã | In reality, for them the conflict has come to symbolize the anachronistic perpetuation of an unfair colonial order, to represent their political malaise, and to embody the perceived impossibility of their being masters of their destiny. | å®éã«ã¯ã察ç«ã¯åœŒãã«ãšã£ãŠãäžåœãªæ€æ°å°æ¯é
ã®æ代é¯èª€ãªæ°žä¹
åã象城ããæ¿æ²»çæ²æ»ãæåãã圌ããèªèº«ã®éåœãåžãããšã®äžå¯èœæ§ã®èªèãå
·çŸåãããã®ãšãªã£ãã |
è±èªããæ¥æ¬èªã«èš³ããŠãã ãã | In the eyes of the Arabs (and some other Muslims), Israelâs strength and resilience is a direct consequence of their own weakness, divisions, and corruption. | ã¢ã©ã人(ãããŠä»ã®äžéšã®ã ã¹ãªã )ã®èŠå°ããããã°ãã€ã¹ã©ãšã«ã®èä¹
åãšå埩åã¯åœŒãèªèº«ã®åŒ±ç¹ãåè£ããããŠé œå»ãçã¿åºããçŽæ¥çãªçµæã§ããã |
æ¥æ¬èªãžã®ç¿»èš³ãè¡ã£ãŠãã ãã | The majority of Arabs may not support al-Qaeda, but they do not oppose it with all their heart. | ã¢ã©ãã®å€§åã¯ã¢ã«ã»ã«ã€ãŒããæ¯æããªããããããªãããå¿ã®åºãã察æãããŠããªãã |
enããjpãžã®å€æãèããŠãã ãã | Instead, there is the temptation to regard Osama bin Laden as a type of violent Robin Hood, whose actions, while impossible to condone officially, have helped them to recover a sense of Arab pride and dignity. | 代ããã«ããŠãµãã»ãã³ã»ã©ãã£ã³ãæŽåçãªããã³ã»ããããšã¿ãªã颚朮ãããã 圌ã®è¡åã¯å
¬åŒã«ã¯ãšãŠã容赊ã§ããªããšã¯ããã圌ããã¢ã©ãã®èªå°å¿ãšå°å³ã®ææ
ãåãæ»ãå©ãã«ãªã£ãã®ã ã |
è±èªã®æãæ¥æ¬èªã®æã«ç¿»èš³ããŠãã ãã | Here, perhaps, is the real clash of civilizations: the emotional conflict between the European culture of fear and the Muslim, particularly Arab, culture of humiliation. | ããã«ããããããæ¬åœã®ææã®è¡çªãããïŒãšãŒãããã®æãã®ã«ã«ãã£ãŒãšãã ã¹ãªã ãç¹ã«ã¢ã©ãã®å±èŸ±ã®ã«ã«ãã£ãŒãšã®éã«ãããææ
çãªå¯Ÿç«ã ã |
è±èªãæ¥æ¬èªã«ç¿»èš³ããŠãã ãã | It would be dangerous to underestimate the depth of so wide an emotional divide, and to recognize its existence is the first step to overcoming it. | ããã»ã©ãŸã§ã«åºãã£ãææ
çãªåè£ã®æ·±ããéå°è©äŸ¡ããã®ã¯ããããŠãã®ååšãããã®å
æã«ã€ãªããå§ãã®äžæ©ãšèŠãªãã®ã¯ãå±éºãªããšã§ãããã |
è±èªãæ¥æ¬èªã«ç¿»èš³ããŠãã ãã | But that will be difficult, for transcending the emotional clash of civilizations presupposes an opening to the âotherâ that neither side may yet be ready to undertake. | ãããããããå°é£ãªããšãšãªãã®ã¯ãææ
çãªè¡çªãè¶ããŠããããšããã©ã¡ãã®åŽããŸã åããããæºåãã§ããŠããªãã§ãããä»ïœ£ãžã®éæŸãåæãšããããã§ããã |
æ¥æ¬èªãžã®ç¿»èš³ãè¡ã£ãŠãã ãã | The End of the Russia-China Debate | äžåœïŒãã·ã¢èšè«ã®çµå¹ |
è±èªãæ¥æ¬èªã«ç¿»èš³ããŠãã ãã | Ten years ago, comparing the reform processes in China and Russia was an intellectual fashion. | 10幎åãäžåœãšãã·ã¢ã®æ¹é©ããã»ã¹ã®æ¯èŒã¯ç¥è人ã®éã§ã®æµè¡ã ã£ãã |
enããjpãžç¿»èš³ããŠãã ãã | Was it preferable to start with economics â try and get rich, quick, but donât rock the boat politically â in the manner of the Chinese? | äžåœã®ããã«ããŸãçµæžé¢ããé²ããã¹ããã ã€ãŸããæ¥éã«å¯ãæã«å
¥ããåªåãããäžæ¹ã§ãæ¿æ²»çã«ã¯æ³¢é¢šãç«ãŠãªãããã«ããã®ãè¯ããã |
enããjpãžç¿»èš³ããŠãã ãã | Or was it better to start with politics â recover liberty and prosperity may follow â which seemed to be Russiaâs path under Mikhail Gorbachev and Boris Yeltsin? | ãããšãããã·ã¢ã®ããã«ãæ¿æ²»é¢ããå§ããã¹ããã ã€ãŸããèªç±ãåãæ»ãããšã§æåãåŸãè¿œããšãããããã€ã«ã»ãŽã«ããã§ããšããªã¹ã»ãšãªãã£ã³ããšã£ãéãéžã¶ã¹ããªã®ãã |
è±èªããæ¥æ¬èªã«èš³ããŠãã ãã | Today, a new comparative debate has started. | ä»æ¥ã§ã¯ãæ°ããªæ¯èŒè«ãå§ãŸã£ãŠããã |
æ¥æ¬èªã§æå³ã®å¯Ÿå¿ããæãäœæããŠãã ãã | This time the subject is no longer Russia versus China, because Russia has long ceased to be a point of comparison. | ä»åã®äž»é¡ã¯ããã¯ããã·ã¢å¯Ÿäžåœã§ã¯ãªãã ãªããªãããã·ã¢ã¯æ¯èŒå¯Ÿç
§ã«å€ããªããªã£ãŠä¹
ããããã§ããã |
æ¥æ¬èªã§æå³ã®å¯Ÿå¿ããæãäœæããŠãã ãã | Instead, the new comparative debate involves Asiaâs two new economic, demographic, and political giants, China and India. | 代ããã«ãã¢ãžã¢ã®æ°ããªçµæžçã人å£çµ±èšåŠçããããŠæ¿æ²»çã巚人ããšããŠãäžåœãšã€ã³ãã®äºåœãæ°ããªèšè«ã®çã«ãªã£ãŠããã |
è±èªããæ¥æ¬èªã«èš³ããŠãã ãã | Chinaâs annual economic growth has been roughly 8-9% for the last 26 years; India has recorded similar rates for the last decade. | äžåœã®éå»26幎éã®å¹Žéçµæžæé·çã¯ãããã8ïŒ9ïŒ
ãç¶æããŠããã ã€ã³ãããŸããéå»10幎éã¯åæ§ã®æé·çãèšé²ããŠããã |
è±èªããæ¥æ¬èªã«èš³ããŠãã ãã | In the âflat worldâ of globalization â to borrow Thomas Friedmanâs powerful metaphor â it seems that Russia no longer has a place. | ã°ããŒããªãŒãŒã·ã§ã³ã®é²ããå¹³ããªäžç ã ïŒ ããŒãã¹ã»ããªãŒããã³ã®èª¬åŸåããé å©ãåããŠèšãã°ïŒã®äžã«ã¯ããã·ã¢ã®å±
å Žæã¯ç¡ãããã«èŠããã |
è±èªã®æãæ¥æ¬èªã®æã«å€æããŠãã ãã | Of course, Russia is still the second-largest nuclear power in the world, and, as one of the worldâs leading exporters of oil and gas, it benefits from todayâs high energy prices. | ãã¡ãããçŸåšããã·ã¢ã¯äžç第äºäœã®æ žä¿æ倧åœã§ãããäžçãå
å°ããç³æ²¹ãšå€©ç¶ã¬ã¹ã®èŒžåºåœãšããŠãæšä»ã®çæäŸ¡æ Œé«éš°ããå©çãåŸãŠããã |
æ¥æ¬èªã«ç¿»èš³ããŠãã ãã | But Russiaâs population is disappearing before our eyes. | ãããããã·ã¢ã®äººå£ã¯èŠãéã«æžå°ããŠããã |
è±èªã®æãæ¥æ¬èªã®æã«å€æããŠãã ãã | With average male life expectancy just 57 years, the country is losing close to 800,000 people annually. | ç·æ§ã®å¹³å寿åœããã57æ³ãšãããã®åœã§ã¯ã幎éçŽ8äžäººãæžã£ãŠããã |
è±èªãæ¥æ¬èªã«ç¿»èš³ããŠãã ãã | Indeed, Russia is more a fragile oil-producing state than a modernizing economic giant. | å®éã®ãšãããã·ã¢ã¯ãè¿ä»£åããçµæžå€§åœãšããããããå£ããããç³æ²¹ç£åºåœã ãšèšããã |
è±èªããæ¥æ¬èªã«èš³ããŠãã ãã | To put it bluntly, Russia is no longer in the same category as China. | é æ
®ãªãã«èšããšããã·ã¢ã¯ãã¯ãäžåœãšåãã«ããŽãªãŒã«ããªãã |
è±èªãæ¥æ¬èªã«ç¿»èš³ããŠãã ãã | Whereas the âMiddle Kingdomâ is proudly regaining its former global status after centuries of decline, Russia is defiantly trying to resurrect its former imperial status, but in a manner that appears doomed to fail. | ãäžè¯åžåœããäœäžçŽãã®è¡°åŸ®ã®ãšããçµãŠãåã³ä»¥åã®ãããªäžççå°äœãåãæ»ãã€ã€ããäžæ¹ã§ããã·ã¢ã¯å²æ
¢ã«æ§åžåœã埩掻ãããããšè©Šã¿ãŠãããã倱æã¯å
ããªãããã«æãããã |
enããjpãžã®å€æãèããŠãã ãã | Russia has clearly taken giant steps in the wrong direction, at a time when China has taken steps, however small, in the right direction. | äžåœãå°ãããšãæ£ããæ¹åãžã®äžæ©ãèžã¿åºããäžæ¹ã§ããã·ã¢ã¯æããã«ééã£ãæ¹åãžå€§ããªäžæ©ãèžã¿åºããŠããŸã£ãã®ã§ããã |
è±èªãæ¥æ¬èªã«ç¿»èš³ããŠãã ãã | When you meet todayâs ânew Russian Nomenklatura,â you experience a sudden feeling of being 20 years younger, awash as they are in nostalgia for Cold War posturing. | èªè
ãä»æ¥ã®ããã·ã¢ã®æ°ã»ããŒã¡ã³ã¯ã©ããŒã©ãã«äŒãã°ã圌ãã®å·æŠãžã®ãã¹ã¿ã«ãžãŒã«ããŠãããŠãæ¥ã«20幎è¥è¿ã£ããããªæ°æã¡ãããã ããã |
è±èªã®æãæ¥æ¬èªã®æã«ç¿»èš³ããŠãã ãã | By contrast, seen from afar, in their new suits, you might think that Chinese economic elites are Japanese. | 察ç
§çã«ãæ°ããã¹ãŒãã«èº«ãå
ãã äžåœã®çµæžãšãªãŒããé ç®ããèŠãã°ãæ¥æ¬äººã ãšæãã ããã |
次ã®è±èªãæ¥æ¬èªã«èš³ããŠãã ãã | Where Russia represents a return to the past, one sees in China an opening, however ambiguous, to the future. | ãã·ã¢ãéå»ãžã®éæ»ãã象城ããäžæ¹ã§ãäžåœã§ã¯ãããŸãã§ã¯ãããæªæ¥ãžã®éæŸãèŠåããããã |
æ¥æ¬èªãžã®ç¿»èš³ãè¡ã£ãŠãã ãã | Of course, some bias is involved here. | ãã¡ããããããã®èŠè§£ã«ã¯åèŠãå«ãŸããŠããã ããã |
è±èªããæ¥æ¬èªã«èš³ããŠãã ãã | As a European, I and people like me almost instinctively expect more from Russia. | ç§ãå«ããå€ãã®ãšãŒããã人ã¯ãã»ãšãã©æ¬èœçã«ãã·ã¢ã«ããå€ããæ±ããã |
è±èªã®æãæ¥æ¬èªã®æã«ç¿»èš³ããŠãã ãã | It is, after all, a European nation in cultural, if not political terms, whereas progress in China will not be measured by the introduction of Western-style democracy, but eventually, one hopes, by Singapore-style rule of law. | çµå±ãæ¿æ²»çã«ã¯éããšããŠãæåçã«ã¯ãšãŒãããã®åœãªã®ã§ããã ããã«å¯Ÿããäžåœã®æé·ã¯è¥¿æ¬§åã®æ°äž»äž»çŸ©ã®ç©å·®ãã§ã¯èšããªãããã·ã³ã¬ããŒã«åã®æ³èŠå¶ã®æŒžé²çãªå°å
¥ãæåŸ
ãããã |
è±èªã®æãæ¥æ¬èªã®æã«ç¿»èš³ããŠãã ãã | The diverse paths followed by Russia and China may be explained in part by how the two peoples perceive themselves. | ãã·ã¢ãšäžåœããã©ã£ãããããç°ãªãéã®ãã¯ãéšåçã«ãäºäººã®äººããäºããç解ãããšãã®æ§åã«ãªããããããšãã§ããã |
æ¥æ¬èªãžã®ç¿»èš³ãè¡ã£ãŠãã ãã | The Chinese are comforted in their self-image by the worldâs combination of admiration for their dynamism, greed for the market they constitute, and apprehension for the competition they represent. | äžåœäººãã¡ã¯èªå·±ã€ã¡ãŒãžã«æºè¶³ããŠããã ããã¯ããã®èŠæš¡ãåžå Žãžã®ãã³ã°ãªãŒç²Ÿç¥ã競äºãžã®æ°é£ããªã©ã«å¯Ÿããäžçããã®ç§°è³ã«åºã¥ããŠããã |
enããjpãžã®å€æãèããŠãã ãã | Russians, by contrast, seem to be animated by a dark form of narcissism. | 察ç
§çã«ããã·ã¢äººã¯ããã«ã·ãºã ã®æãåŽé¢ã«ãã£ãŠåããããŠããããã«èŠããã |
enããjpãžã®å€æãèããŠãã ãã | They do not find anything to be proud of in the eyes of others. | 圌ãã¯ããã®ç®¡çäžã«çœ®ããã®ã«ã€ããŠã®ã¿ãå°éãããŠããã |
è±èªããæ¥æ¬èªã«èš³ããŠãã ãã | They are respected for what they control â the Soviet legacy of nuclear arms and âChristian energy resources,â to quote Vladimir Putinâs bizarre remark on his first official trip to Paris â but not for their economic performance or their essence. | ããã¯ãœããšãã®éºç£ãã€ãŸãæ žå
µåšããããªã¹ãæã®ãšãã«ã®ãŒè³æº ã ïŒ ãŠã©ãžããŒã«ã»ããŒãã³ãåããŠå
¬åŒã«ããªã蚪ããéã®å¥ç¯ãªæèŠãåŒçšããã°ïŒãšãã£ããã®ã§ããã®çµæžå®çžŸãæ¬è³ªã§ã¯ãªãã |