Datasets:
Tasks:
Text Classification
Modalities:
Text
Formats:
parquet
Sub-tasks:
natural-language-inference
Size:
10K - 100K
ArXiv:
License:
| annotations_creators: | |
| - expert-generated | |
| language_creators: | |
| - expert-generated | |
| language: | |
| - ay | |
| - bzd | |
| - cni | |
| - gn | |
| - hch | |
| - nah | |
| - oto | |
| - qu | |
| - shp | |
| - tar | |
| license: cc-by-sa-4.0 | |
| multilinguality: | |
| - multilingual | |
| - translation | |
| size_categories: | |
| - unknown | |
| source_datasets: | |
| - extended|xnli | |
| task_categories: | |
| - text-classification | |
| task_ids: | |
| - natural-language-inference | |
| pretty_name: 'AmericasNLI: A NLI Corpus of 10 Indigenous Low-Resource Languages.' | |
| dataset_info: | |
| - config_name: all_languages | |
| features: | |
| - name: language | |
| dtype: string | |
| - name: premise | |
| dtype: string | |
| - name: hypothesis | |
| dtype: string | |
| - name: label | |
| dtype: | |
| class_label: | |
| names: | |
| '0': entailment | |
| '1': neutral | |
| '2': contradiction | |
| splits: | |
| - name: validation | |
| num_bytes: 1129080 | |
| num_examples: 6457 | |
| - name: test | |
| num_bytes: 1210579 | |
| num_examples: 7486 | |
| download_size: 791239 | |
| dataset_size: 2339659 | |
| - config_name: aym | |
| features: | |
| - name: premise | |
| dtype: string | |
| - name: hypothesis | |
| dtype: string | |
| - name: label | |
| dtype: | |
| class_label: | |
| names: | |
| '0': entailment | |
| '1': neutral | |
| '2': contradiction | |
| splits: | |
| - name: validation | |
| num_bytes: 117530 | |
| num_examples: 743 | |
| - name: test | |
| num_bytes: 115251 | |
| num_examples: 750 | |
| download_size: 87882 | |
| dataset_size: 232781 | |
| - config_name: bzd | |
| features: | |
| - name: premise | |
| dtype: string | |
| - name: hypothesis | |
| dtype: string | |
| - name: label | |
| dtype: | |
| class_label: | |
| names: | |
| '0': entailment | |
| '1': neutral | |
| '2': contradiction | |
| splits: | |
| - name: validation | |
| num_bytes: 143354 | |
| num_examples: 743 | |
| - name: test | |
| num_bytes: 127676 | |
| num_examples: 750 | |
| download_size: 91039 | |
| dataset_size: 271030 | |
| - config_name: cni | |
| features: | |
| - name: premise | |
| dtype: string | |
| - name: hypothesis | |
| dtype: string | |
| - name: label | |
| dtype: | |
| class_label: | |
| names: | |
| '0': entailment | |
| '1': neutral | |
| '2': contradiction | |
| splits: | |
| - name: validation | |
| num_bytes: 113256 | |
| num_examples: 658 | |
| - name: test | |
| num_bytes: 116284 | |
| num_examples: 750 | |
| download_size: 78899 | |
| dataset_size: 229540 | |
| - config_name: gn | |
| features: | |
| - name: premise | |
| dtype: string | |
| - name: hypothesis | |
| dtype: string | |
| - name: label | |
| dtype: | |
| class_label: | |
| names: | |
| '0': entailment | |
| '1': neutral | |
| '2': contradiction | |
| splits: | |
| - name: validation | |
| num_bytes: 115135 | |
| num_examples: 743 | |
| - name: test | |
| num_bytes: 101948 | |
| num_examples: 750 | |
| download_size: 80429 | |
| dataset_size: 217083 | |
| - config_name: hch | |
| features: | |
| - name: premise | |
| dtype: string | |
| - name: hypothesis | |
| dtype: string | |
| - name: label | |
| dtype: | |
| class_label: | |
| names: | |
| '0': entailment | |
| '1': neutral | |
| '2': contradiction | |
| splits: | |
| - name: validation | |
| num_bytes: 127966 | |
| num_examples: 743 | |
| - name: test | |
| num_bytes: 120857 | |
| num_examples: 750 | |
| download_size: 90748 | |
| dataset_size: 248823 | |
| - config_name: nah | |
| features: | |
| - name: premise | |
| dtype: string | |
| - name: hypothesis | |
| dtype: string | |
| - name: label | |
| dtype: | |
| class_label: | |
| names: | |
| '0': entailment | |
| '1': neutral | |
| '2': contradiction | |
| splits: | |
| - name: validation | |
| num_bytes: 50741 | |
| num_examples: 376 | |
| - name: test | |
| num_bytes: 102953 | |
| num_examples: 738 | |
| download_size: 56953 | |
| dataset_size: 153694 | |
| - config_name: oto | |
| features: | |
| - name: premise | |
| dtype: string | |
| - name: hypothesis | |
| dtype: string | |
| - name: label | |
| dtype: | |
| class_label: | |
| names: | |
| '0': entailment | |
| '1': neutral | |
| '2': contradiction | |
| splits: | |
| - name: validation | |
| num_bytes: 27010 | |
| num_examples: 222 | |
| - name: test | |
| num_bytes: 119650 | |
| num_examples: 748 | |
| download_size: 57849 | |
| dataset_size: 146660 | |
| - config_name: quy | |
| features: | |
| - name: premise | |
| dtype: string | |
| - name: hypothesis | |
| dtype: string | |
| - name: label | |
| dtype: | |
| class_label: | |
| names: | |
| '0': entailment | |
| '1': neutral | |
| '2': contradiction | |
| splits: | |
| - name: validation | |
| num_bytes: 125636 | |
| num_examples: 743 | |
| - name: test | |
| num_bytes: 112750 | |
| num_examples: 750 | |
| download_size: 85673 | |
| dataset_size: 238386 | |
| - config_name: shp | |
| features: | |
| - name: premise | |
| dtype: string | |
| - name: hypothesis | |
| dtype: string | |
| - name: label | |
| dtype: | |
| class_label: | |
| names: | |
| '0': entailment | |
| '1': neutral | |
| '2': contradiction | |
| splits: | |
| - name: validation | |
| num_bytes: 124500 | |
| num_examples: 743 | |
| - name: test | |
| num_bytes: 118934 | |
| num_examples: 750 | |
| download_size: 85544 | |
| dataset_size: 243434 | |
| - config_name: tar | |
| features: | |
| - name: premise | |
| dtype: string | |
| - name: hypothesis | |
| dtype: string | |
| - name: label | |
| dtype: | |
| class_label: | |
| names: | |
| '0': entailment | |
| '1': neutral | |
| '2': contradiction | |
| splits: | |
| - name: validation | |
| num_bytes: 139496 | |
| num_examples: 743 | |
| - name: test | |
| num_bytes: 122624 | |
| num_examples: 750 | |
| download_size: 89683 | |
| dataset_size: 262120 | |
| configs: | |
| - config_name: all_languages | |
| data_files: | |
| - split: validation | |
| path: all_languages/validation-* | |
| - split: test | |
| path: all_languages/test-* | |
| - config_name: aym | |
| data_files: | |
| - split: validation | |
| path: aym/validation-* | |
| - split: test | |
| path: aym/test-* | |
| - config_name: bzd | |
| data_files: | |
| - split: validation | |
| path: bzd/validation-* | |
| - split: test | |
| path: bzd/test-* | |
| - config_name: cni | |
| data_files: | |
| - split: validation | |
| path: cni/validation-* | |
| - split: test | |
| path: cni/test-* | |
| - config_name: gn | |
| data_files: | |
| - split: validation | |
| path: gn/validation-* | |
| - split: test | |
| path: gn/test-* | |
| - config_name: hch | |
| data_files: | |
| - split: validation | |
| path: hch/validation-* | |
| - split: test | |
| path: hch/test-* | |
| - config_name: nah | |
| data_files: | |
| - split: validation | |
| path: nah/validation-* | |
| - split: test | |
| path: nah/test-* | |
| - config_name: oto | |
| data_files: | |
| - split: validation | |
| path: oto/validation-* | |
| - split: test | |
| path: oto/test-* | |
| - config_name: quy | |
| data_files: | |
| - split: validation | |
| path: quy/validation-* | |
| - split: test | |
| path: quy/test-* | |
| - config_name: shp | |
| data_files: | |
| - split: validation | |
| path: shp/validation-* | |
| - split: test | |
| path: shp/test-* | |
| - config_name: tar | |
| data_files: | |
| - split: validation | |
| path: tar/validation-* | |
| - split: test | |
| path: tar/test-* | |
| # Dataset Card for AmericasNLI | |
| ## Table of Contents | |
| - [Dataset Description](#dataset-description) | |
| - [Dataset Summary](#dataset-summary) | |
| - [Supported Tasks](#supported-tasks-and-leaderboards) | |
| - [Languages](#languages) | |
| - [Dataset Structure](#dataset-structure) | |
| - [Data Instances](#data-instances) | |
| - [Data Fields](#data-instances) | |
| - [Data Splits](#data-instances) | |
| - [Dataset Creation](#dataset-creation) | |
| - [Curation Rationale](#curation-rationale) | |
| - [Source Data](#source-data) | |
| - [Annotations](#annotations) | |
| - [Personal and Sensitive Information](#personal-and-sensitive-information) | |
| - [Considerations for Using the Data](#considerations-for-using-the-data) | |
| - [Social Impact of Dataset](#social-impact-of-dataset) | |
| - [Discussion of Biases](#discussion-of-biases) | |
| - [Other Known Limitations](#other-known-limitations) | |
| - [Additional Information](#additional-information) | |
| - [Dataset Curators](#dataset-curators) | |
| - [Licensing Information](#licensing-information) | |
| - [Citation Information](#citation-information) | |
| ## Dataset Description | |
| - **Homepage:** [Needs More Information] | |
| - **Repository:** https://github.com/abteen/americasnli | |
| - **Repository:** https://github.com/nala-cub/AmericasNLI | |
| - **Paper:** https://arxiv.org/abs/2104.08726 | |
| - **Leaderboard:** [Needs More Information] | |
| - **Point of Contact:** [Needs More Information] | |
| ### Dataset Summary | |
| AmericasNLI is an extension of XNLI (Conneau et al., 2018) a natural language inference (NLI) dataset covering 15 high-resource languages to 10 low-resource indigenous languages spoken in the Americas: Ashaninka, Aymara, Bribri, Guarani, Nahuatl, Otomi, Quechua, Raramuri, Shipibo-Konibo, and Wixarika. As with MNLI, the goal is to predict textual entailment (does sentence A imply/contradict/neither sentence B) and is a classification task (given two sentences, predict one of three labels). | |
| ### Supported Tasks and Leaderboards | |
| [Needs More Information] | |
| ### Languages | |
| - aym | |
| - bzd | |
| - cni | |
| - gn | |
| - hch | |
| - nah | |
| - oto | |
| - quy | |
| - shp | |
| - tar | |
| ## Dataset Structure | |
| ### Data Instances | |
| #### all_languages | |
| An example of the test split looks as follows: | |
| ``` | |
| {'language': 'aym', 'premise': "Ukhamaxa, janiw ukatuqits lup'kayätti, ukhamarus wali phiñasitayätwa, ukatx jupampiw mayamp aruskipañ qallanttha.", 'hypothesis': 'Janiw mayamp jupampix p | |
| arlxapxti.', 'label': 2} | |
| ``` | |
| #### aym | |
| An example of the test split looks as follows: | |
| ``` | |
| {'premise': "Ukhamaxa, janiw ukatuqits lup'kayätti, ukhamarus wali phiñasitayätwa, ukatx jupampiw mayamp aruskipañ qallanttha.", 'hypothesis': 'Janiw mayamp jupampix parlxapxti.', 'label | |
| ': 2} | |
| ``` | |
| #### bzd | |
| An example of the test split looks as follows: | |
| ``` | |
| {'premise': "Bua', kèq ye' kũ e' bikeitsök erë ye' chkénãwã tã ye' ujtémĩne ie' tã páxlĩnẽ.", 'hypothesis': "Kèq ye' ùtẽnẽ ie' tã páxlĩ.", 'label': 2} | |
| ``` | |
| #### cni | |
| An example of the test split looks as follows: | |
| ``` | |
| {'premise': 'Kameetsa, tee nokenkeshireajeroji, iro kantaincha tee nomateroji aisati nintajaro noñanatajiri iroakera.', 'hypothesis': 'Tee noñatajeriji.', 'label': 2} | |
| ``` | |
| #### gn | |
| An example of the test split looks as follows: | |
| ``` | |
| {'premise': "Néi, ni napensaikurihína upéva rehe, ajepichaiterei ha añepyrûjey añe'ê hendive.", 'hypothesis': "Nañe'êvéi hendive.", 'label': 2} | |
| ``` | |
| #### hch | |
| An example of the test split looks as follows: | |
| ``` | |
| {'premise': 'mu hekwa.', 'hypothesis': 'neuka tita xatawe m+k+ mat+a.', 'label': 2} | |
| ``` | |
| #### nah | |
| An example of the test split looks as follows: | |
| ``` | |
| {'premise': 'Cualtitoc, na axnimoihliaya ino, nicualaniztoya queh naha nicamohuihqui', 'hypothesis': 'Ayoc nicamohuihtoc', 'label': 2} | |
| ``` | |
| #### oto | |
| An example of the test split looks as follows: | |
| ``` | |
| {'premise': 'mi-ga, nin mibⴘy mbô̮nitho ane guenu, guedi mibⴘy nho ⴘnmⴘy xi di mⴘdi o ñana nen nⴘua manaigui', 'hypothesis': 'hin din bi pengui nen nⴘa', 'label': 2} | |
| ``` | |
| #### quy | |
| An example of the test split looks as follows: | |
| ``` {'premise': 'Allinmi, manam chaypiqa hamutachkarqanichu, ichaqa manam allinchu tarikurqani chaymi kaqllamanta paywan rimarqani.', 'hypothesis': 'Manam paywanqa kaqllamantaqa rimarqani | |
| .', 'label': 2} | |
| ``` | |
| #### shp | |
| An example of the test split looks as follows: | |
| ``` | |
| {'premise': 'Jakon riki, ja shinanamara ea ike, ikaxbi kikin frustradara ea ike jakopira ea jabe yoyo iribake.', 'hypothesis': 'Eara jabe yoyo iribiama iki.', 'label': 2} | |
| ``` | |
| #### tar | |
| An example of the test split looks as follows: | |
| ``` | |
| {'premise': 'Ga’lá ju, ke tási newalayé nejé echi kítira, we ne majáli, a’lí ko uchécho ne yua ku ra’íchaki.', 'hypothesis': 'Tási ne uchecho yua ra’ícha échi rejói.', 'label': 2} | |
| ``` | |
| ### Data Fields | |
| #### all_languages | |
| - language: a multilingual string variable, with languages including ar, bg, de, el, en. | |
| - premise: a multilingual string variable, with languages including ar, bg, de, el, en. | |
| - hypothesis: a multilingual string variable, with possible languages including ar, bg, de, el, en. | |
| - label: a classification label, with possible values including entailment (0), neutral (1), contradiction (2). | |
| #### aym | |
| - premise: a string feature. | |
| - hypothesis: a string feature. | |
| - label: a classification label, with possible values including entailment (0), neutral (1), contradiction (2). | |
| #### bzd | |
| - premise: a string feature. | |
| - hypothesis: a string feature. | |
| - label: a classification label, with possible values including entailment (0), neutral (1), contradiction (2). | |
| #### cni | |
| - premise: a string feature. | |
| - hypothesis: a string feature. | |
| - label: a classification label, with possible values including entailment (0), neutral (1), contradiction (2). | |
| #### hch | |
| - premise: a string feature. | |
| - hypothesis: a string feature. | |
| - label: a classification label, with possible values including entailment (0), neutral (1), contradiction (2). | |
| #### nah | |
| - premise: a string feature. | |
| - hypothesis: a string feature. | |
| - label: a classification label, with possible values including entailment (0), neutral (1), contradiction (2). | |
| #### oto | |
| - premise: a string feature. | |
| - hypothesis: a string feature. | |
| - label: a classification label, with possible values including entailment (0), neutral (1), contradiction (2). | |
| #### quy | |
| - premise: a string feature. | |
| - hypothesis: a string feature. | |
| - label: a classification label, with possible values including entailment (0), neutral (1), contradiction (2). | |
| #### shp | |
| - premise: a string feature. | |
| - hypothesis: a string feature. | |
| - label: a classification label, with possible values including entailment (0), neutral (1), contradiction (2). | |
| #### tar | |
| - premise: a string feature. | |
| - hypothesis: a string feature. | |
| - label: a classification label, with possible values including entailment (0), neutral (1), contradiction (2). | |
| ### Data Splits | |
| | Language | ISO | Family | Dev | Test | | |
| |-------------------|-----|:-------------|-----:|-----:| | |
| | all_languages | -- | -- | 6457 | 7486 | | |
| | Aymara | aym | Aymaran | 743 | 750 | | |
| | Ashaninka | cni | Arawak | 658 | 750 | | |
| | Bribri | bzd | Chibchan | 743 | 750 | | |
| | Guarani | gn | Tupi-Guarani | 743 | 750 | | |
| | Nahuatl | nah | Uto-Aztecan | 376 | 738 | | |
| | Otomi | oto | Oto-Manguean | 222 | 748 | | |
| | Quechua | quy | Quechuan | 743 | 750 | | |
| | Raramuri | tar | Uto-Aztecan | 743 | 750 | | |
| | Shipibo-Konibo | shp | Panoan | 743 | 750 | | |
| | Wixarika | hch | Uto-Aztecan | 743 | 750 | | |
| ## Dataset Creation | |
| ### Curation Rationale | |
| [Needs More Information] | |
| ### Source Data | |
| The authors translate from the Spanish subset of XNLI. | |
| > AmericasNLI is the translation of a subset of XNLI (Conneau et al., 2018). As translators between Spanish and the target languages are more frequently available than those for English, we translate from the Spanish version. | |
| As per paragraph 3.1 of the [original paper](https://arxiv.org/abs/2104.08726). | |
| #### Initial Data Collection and Normalization | |
| [Needs More Information] | |
| #### Who are the source language producers? | |
| [Needs More Information] | |
| ### Annotations | |
| #### Annotation process | |
| The dataset comprises expert translations from Spanish XNLI. | |
| > Additionally, some translators reported that code-switching is often used to describe certain topics, and, while many words without an exact equivalence in the target language are worked in through translation or interpretation, others are kept in Spanish. To minimize the amount of Spanish vocabulary in the translated examples, we choose sentences from genres that we judged to be relatively easy to translate into the target languages: “face-to-face,” “letters,” and “telephone.” | |
| As per paragraph 3.1 of the [original paper](https://arxiv.org/abs/2104.08726). | |
| #### Who are the annotators? | |
| [Needs More Information] | |
| ### Personal and Sensitive Information | |
| [Needs More Information] | |
| ## Considerations for Using the Data | |
| ### Social Impact of Dataset | |
| [Needs More Information] | |
| ### Discussion of Biases | |
| [Needs More Information] | |
| ### Other Known Limitations | |
| [Needs More Information] | |
| ## Additional Information | |
| ### Dataset Curators | |
| [Needs More Information] | |
| ### Licensing Information | |
| Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 4.0 International: https://github.com/abteen/americasnli/blob/main/LICENSE.md | |
| ### Citation Information | |
| ``` | |
| @inproceedings{ebrahimi-etal-2022-americasnli, | |
| title = "{A}mericas{NLI}: Evaluating Zero-shot Natural Language Understanding of Pretrained Multilingual Models in Truly Low-resource Languages", | |
| author = "Ebrahimi, Abteen and | |
| Mager, Manuel and | |
| Oncevay, Arturo and | |
| Chaudhary, Vishrav and | |
| Chiruzzo, Luis and | |
| Fan, Angela and | |
| Ortega, John and | |
| Ramos, Ricardo and | |
| Rios, Annette and | |
| Meza Ruiz, Ivan Vladimir and | |
| Gim{\'e}nez-Lugo, Gustavo and | |
| Mager, Elisabeth and | |
| Neubig, Graham and | |
| Palmer, Alexis and | |
| Coto-Solano, Rolando and | |
| Vu, Thang and | |
| Kann, Katharina", | |
| booktitle = "Proceedings of the 60th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)", | |
| month = may, | |
| year = "2022", | |
| address = "Dublin, Ireland", | |
| publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics", | |
| url = "https://aclanthology.org/2022.acl-long.435", | |
| pages = "6279--6299", | |
| abstract = "Pretrained multilingual models are able to perform cross-lingual transfer in a zero-shot setting, even for languages unseen during pretraining. However, prior work evaluating performance on unseen languages has largely been limited to low-level, syntactic tasks, and it remains unclear if zero-shot learning of high-level, semantic tasks is possible for unseen languages. To explore this question, we present AmericasNLI, an extension of XNLI (Conneau et al., 2018) to 10 Indigenous languages of the Americas. We conduct experiments with XLM-R, testing multiple zero-shot and translation-based approaches. Additionally, we explore model adaptation via continued pretraining and provide an analysis of the dataset by considering hypothesis-only models. We find that XLM-R{'}s zero-shot performance is poor for all 10 languages, with an average performance of 38.48{\%}. Continued pretraining offers improvements, with an average accuracy of 43.85{\%}. Surprisingly, training on poorly translated data by far outperforms all other methods with an accuracy of 49.12{\%}.", | |
| } | |
| ``` | |
| ### Contributions | |
| Thanks to [@fdschmidt93](https://github.com/fdschmidt93) for adding this dataset. |