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Accueil » Alain Roy Alain Roy Après avoir complété sa maîtrise en histoire sur la patrimonialisation du Vieux-Québec (Université Laval, 1995), Alain Roy s’est intéressé notamment aux enjeux de mémoire, de commémoration et de patrimonialisation, au patrimoine viaire ainsi qu’à l’histoire urbaine. Il mène présentement un projet de recherche, Le marché Sainte-Anne, le parlement et Montréal-Capitale (axe 2) mené conjointement avec Pointe-à-Callière, qui vise à documenter d’une part l’évolution d’un site au cœur de l’histoire du Vieux-Montréal et, d’autre part, à jeter un regard neuf sur cette époque cruciale pour l’histoire canadienne qu’est la période où Montréal fut capitale.

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Coronavirus, ransomware prompt Somerset Hills to go virtual A welcome back to Bedwell Elementary School in the Somerset Hills school district (Somerset Hills school district) Classes at Bernardsville Middle School and Bedwell Middle School in the Somerset Hills school district are temporarily all-virtual through at least Monday because of a ransomware attack, school officials said. The attack encrypted “a very limited portion” of material on the district’s network, superintendent Gretchen Dempsey said in a letter sent to parents. Dempsey did not say how much money was demanded to restore the files but wrote that “industry-leading forensic experts” were working on the problem, which happened sometime sometime after Sept. 3. The school had started the year with a hybrid remote and in-person schedule meant to reduce the amount of children present at any one time amid the ongoing novel coronavirus pandemic. "This was not something we could have foreseen, and the timing here (as in Hartford, Connecticut) seems (at least to me) purposeful," Dempsey wrote. The start of school in Hartford was postponed by a ransomware virus striking critical information systems. School officials said Tuesday that the system that communicates transportation routes to the district's school school bus company is among the systems affected. Dempsey told arents in a separate letter about an increase in the number of COVID-19 cases "in our school community" that prompted Bernards High School to go all-remote through Sept. 21, after just one day of in-person instruction. Dempsey did not give a specific number of cases in her letter. The Somerset Hills district includes Bernardsville and Peapack-Gladstone, which is served by the Bernards Township Health Department and the Somerset County Department of Health serving Far Hills and Bedminster. Dempsey said the district has been working with both departments on contact tracing since September 6. During Thursday night's township committee meeting councilman Doug Stevinson mentioned an what he called an "outbreak" at Bernards High School but did not mention the number of students and staff that may be involved. "Let's let this outbreak that's going on at the high school be a lesson to all of us that you got to remain vigilant or this thing will spread like wildfire. You've got to make good sound decisions, what you're doing. I don't know if it's a sports team or social events or what have you, but the numbers seem to be growing and certainly when one person is exposed to someone else there's a ripple effect," Stevinson said. He said it's an example of how the community is "interconnected" and how "bad decisions can affect a lot of people," Stevinson said. "There's a lot of people who put in a ton of time to try to get everything up and running to get the schools going and get the best for all the kids," the councilman said. Gov. Phil Murphy during "Ask Governor Murphy" on WBGO/WHYY/WNYC Thursday night said he is watching the school COVID-19 cases, but said no cases have been transmitted in a school to the best of his knowledge. He said he expects that to change. "In fairness it would be too early to know if there are any school transmissions. Some schools did open last week so its possible but you've got schools that are just opening for the most part this week," Murphy said, adding that he is not surprised by the cases. "If you're expecting a regular, normal school year you haven't been paying attention," Murphy said. Positive cases have been reported in students at East Brunswick Tech, Chatham High School, the Markham Place School in Little Silver and in the East Brunswick public school district. Rutgers University also confirmed four cases in student athletes and an athletic department staff member. (Includes material copyright 2020 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This and in material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.) Filed Under: Bedminster, Bernards, Bernardsville, COVID-19 Coronavirus, Far Hills, Peapack-Gladstone, Somerset County Categories: Health & Wellness

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Il Fattaccio » Attualità » GRANDE OPPORTUNITA’ – Finanziamenti per 70mila euro a chi avvia una nuova impresa agricola GRANDE OPPORTUNITA’ – Finanziamenti per 70mila euro a chi avvia una nuova impresa agricola Posted by pjmanc / Attualità / 0 Comments UN’ OPPORTUNITA’ DA NON PERDERE PER I GIOVANI CHE VORREBBERO AVVIARE UN AZIENDA AGRICOLA. Si tratta di premi a fondo perduto fino a 70 mila euro offerti in alcune regioni italiane, tra cui Lazio, Molise, Basilicata e Friuli Venezia Giulia. I premi a fondo perduto per i neo-agricoltori sono inclusi nella nuova programmazione PSR 2014-2022, come parte delle misure di aiuto all’avviamento di imprese per i giovani agricoltori. L’iniziativa nasce per favorire il ricambi generazionale in agricoltura e per aiutare i giovani ad avere un ruolo imprenditoriale in questo ambito. I fondi sono destinati ai giovani che hanno intenzione di realizzare imprese agricole rispettose dell’ambiente e integrate nel territorio rurale. Il premio a fondo perduto servirà per sostenere le spese sostenute dai giovani agricoltori per l’insediamento di una nuova azienda agricola. Si hanno anche opportunità legate agli investimenti volti alla diversificazione delle attività delle imprese agricole. I beneficiari sono i giovani agricoltori che per la prima volta si propongono come capo di un’azienda agricola, nel rispetto dei criteri definiti dall’art. 2 par. 1 lett. n) del Reg. UE 1305/2013: età compresa tra i 18 e i 40 anni, conoscenze e competenze professionali adeguate, aver completato la scuola dell’obbligo. Il nuovo capo d’azienda si impegnerà a condurre l’attività per almeno cinque anni, ad aderire ad azoni di formazione e consulenza e a soddisfare la definizione di agricoltore attivo. Dovrà inoltre acquisire la qualifica di imprenditore agricolo professionale. Tra le regioni che partecipano all’iniziativa troviamo il Veneto, con un premio massimo da 50 mila euro. Il premio è di 70 mila euro in Molise, Lazio, Basilicata, Sardegna, Umbria. Opportunità anche nelle Marche, in Lombardia, in Sicilia e in Toscana. Tutto il regolamento relativo ai finanziamenti comunitari 2014-2020, con strategie, gestione e rendicontazione, è presente in questo testo. Qui la tabella con tutte le regioni e il form da compilare per presentare in sintesi la propria ide a imprenditoriale.. *Marta Albè >Fonte< Redatto da Pjmanc http:/ ilfattaccio.org ← LA VERA RIVOLUZIONE? – L’autoproduzione GLIFOSATO – Il diserbante più usato al mondo (cancerogeno) è nel 47% delle falde italiane → Time limit is exhausted. Please reload CAPTCHA. − = sei

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English Language & Linguistics UCAS Code: Q340 Our BA English Language and Linguistic degree was rated as excellent for the quality of its teaching and for its practical approach to linguistics by the Higher Education Funding Council for England. If you are intrigued by how meaning is communicated through language or you want to gain a deeper understanding of linguistic structure, this course is perfect for you. You will learn how language works, how sounds combine to form words, and words to form sentences, and how people use language in various contexts and for different purposes. From the spoken to the written, from the internet to politics, you will explore language in all its shapes and sizes. Linguists are concerned with the formal structure of language and with its functions in society. From the sounds children make to the way people speak to the elderly; from media spin to everyday conversations, the language around us contains hints as to its own development and its role in creating the society we live in. To really understand these implications, this programme takes a lively hands-on approach; we pay attention to 'real language'. We specialise in both theoretical and socio-linguistics. The programme gives attention to formal and functional aspects of language study, providing grounding in structural analysis (grammar, syntax etc.); however, what makes our approach so distinctive is that the emphasis is placed on the sociolinguistic functions of language. On the course you will examine the range of different types of language use in contemporary British media such as press, television and radio. You’ll cover topics such as advertising discourse and phone-in talk, as well as news reporting and political interviews. There are also opportunities to apply your knowledge of English language and language learning to critically evaluate techniques used to teach different aspects of English and deal with the practical problem of lesson design. In your first year, you will gain an in-depth understanding of language structures and basic analytic skills and terminology and be introduced to well-established frameworks for linguistic analysis. You will gain knowledge of language structure, the terminology with which to discuss language and linguistic data, and analytical skills. Modules our students can currently study include Accents and Dialects, Language and Society and Language and Power. In your second year, you’ll explore how language varies according to social and regional factors, examining topics such as attitudes to language; the relation of language to class; regional, gender and ethnic identity, and the influences of peer groups on how languages are used and why we find variation. You will also be introduced to discourse and conversation analysis, Phonetics and Phonology and will look at how language is used in the media. In your third year, you will study the biological foundations of language and the contributions of both psychology and linguistic theory in the modelling of the processes involved in the production and comprehension of written and spoken language. You can focus on a wide range of contemporary topics, such as examining the ways in which language may be considered to alienate and oppress women, looking in detail at such topics as sexist vocabulary and naming practices. Other modules you may study include Sign Language and the Philosophy of Language. Media, Culture and Language English studiesLinguistics This is not a particularly common subject at first degree level and most of the degrees that fall in this category are offered by the University of Durham. If you fancy one of these broad degrees, it is probably best to speak directly to tutors to find out what your options on your degree might be and what they can lead to, English languageLinguistics What's it like studying a degree in Linguistics English Language and Linguistics (extended degree) University of Westminster, London English Language and Linguistics and German English Language and Linguistics (Including Year Abroad)

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Download report with cover Pursuit of Power Political Violence and Repression in Burundi Glossary of Terms and Acronyms Map of Burundi II. Methodology III. Recommendations To the Government of Burundi To the FNL To Burundian Political Parties To the United Nations To International Actors Involved in the Peace Process To Donor Governments IV. Background Long Road to Peace Provisional Immunity Electoral Stakes V. Settling of Scores: Human Rights Abuses in the Power Struggle between CNDD-FDD and the FNL Case Study 1: Violence in and around Bujumbura, January-March 2008 Case Study 2: FNL Attacks, Arbitrary Arrests, and Ill-Treatment by the Government in Response Case Study 3: Violence in Kayogoro Commune, Makamba Province, December 2008 to January 2009 Case Study 4: Violence in Nyamurenza Commune, Ngozi Province, January 2009 Case Study 5: Violence in Nyabikere commune, Karusi Province, March 2008 and January 2009 VI. FNL Abuses: Repression as Political Strategy Armed Attacks on Dissident Combatants as “Self-Defense” Abductions and Attacks on Civilians Killings and Abductions of JPH Members Suspected of Dissent Abuses by Alleged FNL Dissidents VII. Government Repression of Democratic Political Opposition Abuse of the Judicial System against Opponents Grenade Attacks on Parliamentary Opposition Members Expulsion of Opposition Parliamentarians Mass Arrests of Political Opponents VIII. State-Sanctioned Political Intimidation by CNDD-FDD Youth Groups IX. The Reaction of Authorities Reaction to Abuses Attributed to State Agents and CNDD-FDD Members Reaction to Abuses Committed By FNL Members and Dissidents X. Role of International Stakeholders Annex 1: Politically-Motivated Killings/Attacks by Firearm or Grenade, January 2008-April 2009 Annex 2: Arrests Believed to be Politically-Motivated, July 2008-April 2009 APRODH: Association for the Protection of Human Rights and Detained Persons (Association pour la Protection des Droits Humains et des Personnes Détenues), a Burundian human rights organization. BINUB: United Nations Integrated Office in Burundi (Bureau Integré des Nations Unis au Burundi). CNDD: National Council for the Defense of Democracy, a political party and former rebel movement founded in 1994, run by former rebel leader Leonard Nyangoma. The party’s official name is CNDD, but it is frequently referred to as CNDD-Nyangoma to distinguish it from the ruling party, CNDD-FDD, which split off from CNDD in 1998. CNDD-FDD: National Council for the Defense of Democracy-Forces for the Defense of Democracy (Conseil National pour la Défense de la Démocratie-Forces pour la Défense de la Démocratie), a former rebel movement. The FDD (Forces pour la Défense de la Démocratie) was initially the armed wing of the CNDD, above. A fission within the movement in 1988 resulted in the formation of CNDD-FDD as a breakoff faction of the original CNDD. CNDD-FDD joined the government in 2004 and was elected into power in 2005, with a majority of Parliament seats and former rebel leader Pierre Nkurunziza as President. démobilisé: In its literal meaning, a former combatant, from either the former government army or a rebel group, who has gone through the process of demobilization and reintegrated into civilian life. In practice, the term is used in Burundi almost exclusively to refer to former rebels associated with CNDD-FDD. FDD: Forces for the Defense of Democracy, the armed wing of CNDD-FDD during the rebellion. FDN: National Defense Forces (Forces de la Défense Nationale), the governmental army, formed in 2004 to integrate members of the former, nearly monoethnic Tutsi army; the former gendarmerie; and the FDD rebels. FNL: National Liberation Forces (Forces Nationales de Liberation). This term initially referred to the armed wing of the rebel movement Palipehutu-FNL. In January 2009, the Palipehutu-FNL changed its name to simply “FNL” In April 2009, it began disarmament and became a registered political party. See Palipehutu-FNL (below). FRODEBU: Democratic Front in Burundi (Front pour la Démocratie au Burundi), a political party founded in 1992 as a predominantly Hutu party opposed to the Tutsi-dominated dictatorship of UPRONA. JPH: Hutu Patriotic Youth (Jeunesse Patriotique Hutu), the civilian youth movement of the FNL. During the armed conflict, JPH members provided logistical support and carried out food and money collection for the FNL rebels. JVMM: Joint Verification and Monitoring Mechanism, a mechanism established in September 2006 to carry through the implementation of the Comprehensive Ceasefire Agreement. It includes representatives from the Government of Burundi, Palipehutu-FNL, and key international stakeholders. MSD: Movement for Solidarity and Democracy (Mouvement pour la Solidarité et la Démocratie), a political movement founded in December 2007 by Alexis Sinduhije. MSD has not yet been registered as a political party. OHCHR: UN Office of the High Commissioner of Human Rights.In Burundi, OHCHR has operated as part of the integrated BINUB mission since 2006. ONUB: United Nations Operation in Burundi (Operation des Nations Unies au Burundi), a peacekeeping operation in Burundi from 2004 to 2006. The operation was replaced in late 2006 by BINUB, a civilian mission. Palipehutu-FNL: Party for the Liberation of the Hutu People-National Liberation Forces (Parti pour la Libération du Peuple Hutu-Forces Nationales de Libération), a Hutu rebel movement founded in 1980. See FNL (above). PNB: National Police of Burundi (Police Nationale du Burundi), established in December 2004 to integrate former police, former gendarmes, and former rebels into a new, unified police force. Political parties and political movements: Political parties in Burundi must go through a registration process, obtaining approval from the Ministry of the Interior. In this report, “political parties” is used to describe parties that are officially registered. “Political movements” is used more inclusively to include official parties as well as groups such as FNL (prior to April 2009) and MSD, which had not been registered at the time of writing. SNR: National Intelligence Service (Service Nationale du Renseignement), formerly known as the “Documentation Nationale” (National Documentation). UPRONA: Union for National Progress (Union pour le Progrès National), a political party founded in 1958 and historically dominated by Tutsis. Map of Burundi: Sites of Political Violence, 2008-2009 This map illustrates cases of political killings and other forms of violence and physical intimidation that have been documented by Human Rights Watch in 2008 and 2009. The map is not exhaustive; similar abuses may have occurred in other communes, but have not been documented by Human Rights Watch. For information on communes with high rates of politically-motivated arrests, see Annex 2. © 2009 John Emerson http://www.backspace.com Agreement in April 2009 by the armed opposition National Liberation Forces (Forces Nationales de la Libération, FNL) to disarm and demobilize and the government’s registration of the FNL as a political party represent significant developments in Burundi’s path out of armed conflict towards peace and democracy. The developments may pave the way towards both a final peace agreement and Burundi’s first general elections since the end of military government in 2001 in which all significant political forces compete within the democratic process. Progress towards peace between the National Council for the Defense of Democracy-Forces for the Defense of Democracy (Conseil National pour la Défense de la Démocratie-Forces pour la Défense de la Démocratie, CNDD-FDD) dominated government and the FNL has been bumpy, with the FNL periodically withdrawing from negotiations. Furthermore, as this report describes, both the CNDD-FDD and the FNL have also deployed political violence and intimidation against opponents and dissenting voices, even while in talks. By and large these abuses have been committed with impunity, revealing a political culture in which violence and repression is deeply rooted. Particularly in the case of the CNDD-FDD, democratic opponents from across the political spectrum have also been targets of abuse. With the CNDD-FDD and the FNL, both predominantly Hutu, now competing alongside other parties for the electoral support of Burundi’s majority Hutu population, progress in the peace process may alter some of the parameters of one context for human rights abuse—CNDD-FDD/FNL competition—but is not a safeguard against continuing violence, intimidation, and repression. Over recent years, including in the first few months of 2009, state agents and unofficial proxies acting with the complicity of administrative officials and security forces have carried out killings, beatings, arrests, and other acts of intimidation, and have enforced further limits on the freedom of association. The majority of incidents have been taking place either in the poor outskirts of the capital or in rural areas and small towns. Government officials have done little to investigate incidents or bring perpetrators to justice. These abuses appear to have largely been beneath the radar of international friends of Burundi’s transition to democratic governance, as they have rarely involved senior political figures (although some have). This lack of attention has been decried by various analysts and Burundian democratic opposition members, for it is in these locations and through these kinds of incidents that fundamental challenges to democracy, rule of law, and respect for human rights are being played out. As Burundi moves closer to elections, firm action is needed from the government to put a stop to political violence and to end impunity, as well as to create the conditions in which the people of the country are able to freely exercise their civil and political rights by voting for the candidates of their choice. Competition between CNDD-FDD and the FNL is a key dynamic in which violence and abuse have been used. Much of the violence has directly pitted local government officials and supporters of the CNDD-FDD against FNL combatants and supporters. State agents affiliated with CNDD-FDD, including local administrative officials and police officers, have in some cases been directly implicated in human rights abuses against FNL members. In other cases they have tacitly taken the ruling party’s side by failing to investigate abuses against FNL members. For their part, FNL members have engaged in criminal acts including killings and abductions—some sanctioned by FNL leadership—against state agents, CNDD-FDD members, and dissidents within the FNL. The most recent wave of violence took place between December 2008 and February 2009. In early December, unidentified assailants burnt down five CNDD-FDD meeting places in Kayogoro, Makamba province, heralding a series of tit-for tat politically-motivated incidents. By the end of February over 50 CNDD-FDD meeting places in at least 10 provinces had been destroyed by arson. In Kayogoro and Nyamurenza, Ngozi province, in December 2008 FNL activists were arbitrarily detained and beaten by local government officials and CNDD-FDD members, with police complicity. Then in January 2009, a CNDD-FDD activist, who had been a ringleader in the beatings of FNL members in Nyamurenza, was shot and killed; two FNL members have been arrested and charged. Also, in January 2009, grenades were thrown at the homes of two FNL members in Nyabikere, Karusi province. The next day a CNDD-FDD communal administrator in Nyabikere was attacked and wounded at his home. The administrator had been identified by police in 2008 as a main suspect in the killing of a member of the FNL youth league, but had not been charged or tried. Meanwhile, in Kayogoro and Busoni, Kirundo province, members of the CNDD-FDD youth league have engaged in what they describe as night-time “sports”—parading through the streets wielding sticks and clubs, threatening members of other political groups, including the FNL, and arresting political opponents. This cycle of partisan violence harks back to early 2008, when civilians associated with the FNL, the ruling CNDD-FDD, and the intelligence service (Service National du Renseignement, SNR) were victims of targeted assassinations in and around Bujumbura. Killings were traced to demobilized FDD combatants (“démobilisés”) working for the police and the intelligence service, on the one hand, and to FNL members, on the other. The FNL also has a history of addressing political challenges through violence. In 2007 the FNL—then known as the Party for the Liberation of the Hutu People-National Liberation Forces (Parti pour la Libération du Peuple Hutu-Forces Nationales de Libération, Palipehutu-FNL)—carried out a series of attacks on a group generally known in Burundi as “the alleged FNL dissidents.” These served no legitimate military end but were designed to send a message about what happens to FNL defectors. More recently, in January 2009, high-ranking FNL combatants abducted and abused a civilian FNL supporter who had expressed dissenting views and another FNL dissenter was killed in February 2009. The widow of one victim who abandoned the FNL to become a police informant and was subsequently killed by FNL members described her husband’s dilemma: “As an FNL member, the CNDD-FDD comes after you. As a CNDD-FDD member, the FNL comes after you.” In all the incidents that took place in early 2008, victims were unable to secure access to justice. The crimes against them were either inadequately investigated or no investigation at all took place. There have been no prosecutions of the perpetrators. During the violence in early 2008, the FNL was boycotting peace talks with the government and was carrying out sporadic armed attacks. Meanwhile, police and demobilisés regularly arrested and beat alleged FNL members. The renewed cycle of abuses beginning in December 2008 took place precisely when peace negotiations in Bujumbura were finally moving forward. Furthermore, the ruling CNDD-FDD has a history of targeting democratic opponents as well as those in armed opposition groups. This suggests that a formal peace will not, without further action in support of the rule of law, address local-level, politically-motivated human rights abuses. Among the serious abuses committed against democratic political opponents in early 2009 was the killing of at least three members of the Democratic Front in Burundi (Front pour la Démocratie au Burundi), FRODEBU, the largest opposition party, in the Kamenge and Kinama neighborhoods of Bujumbura. According to witnesses, CNDD-FDD members and SNR agents were responsible. Another FRODEBU member was killed in Kamenge in similar circumstances around the same time, although in this case the perpetrators have yet to be identified. These killings followed other attacks on members of FRODEBU and other opposition parties in mid-2007 and early 2008. In addition, in the second half of 2008, the CNDD-FDD-dominated government began to deploy other forms of repression against political opponents. The government expelled 22 opposition members from parliament; illegally shut down opposition parties’ meetings and press conferences; and arrested at least 120 opposition party activists between July 2008 and April 2009, particularly targeting the Movement for Solidarity and Democracy (MSD) and the Union for Peace and Development (UPD-Zigamibanga). Government and CNDD-FDD officials, as well as FNL leaders, have consistently denied responsibility for acts of violence. Human Rights Watch investigations have found that some incidents were coordinated through established hierarchies, while other abuses were carried out by local activists without consulting their superiors. Neither group’s leaders have condemned abuses by their own members nor have they taken sufficient measures to ensure that they are abiding by the law. There were some limited exceptions: in late 2008, two police officers responsible for abuses were removed from their positions, although they were transferred to headquarters and received no disciplinary sanctions. And in March 2009, the FNL collaborated for the first time with a police investigation into crimes committed by members, resulting in several arrests, although many other crimes attributed to FNL members have gone unsolved. Local CNDD-FDD officials have said they suspect members of mainstream democratic political parties of being behind some of the recent arson incidents. Human Rights Watch did not find conclusive evidence linking parties other than the FNL and CNDD-FDD to abuses. But opposition parties’ rhetoric has become increasingly vitriolic, which underlines the risk that violence by CNDD-FDD and FNL poses to the wider democratic process. A senior member of one party told Human Rights Watch, “CNDD-FDD took up arms [in the 1990s] because of an absence of democracy. They don’t realize that others can take up arms too. All of the parties have youth that we can mobilize.” Overall, police officers have failed to enforce laws effectively to prevent and punish human rights abuses. When alleged perpetrators have been arrested, the arrests have often been accompanied by ill-treatment, and have rarely been followed by thorough investigations and prosecutions. Judicial authorities, working within a judicial system plagued by inadequate resources and interference from the executive, have been equally ineffective in enforcing the law. The continued use of what one citizen described to Human Rights Watch as “the logic of the gun” by CNDD-FDD and the FNL, as well as the government’s failure to move purposefully towards the rule of law in the three years since it took power, raises fear that human rights abuses will escalate with the approach of elections in 2010. CNDD-FDD and the FNL have proved all too ready to commit abuses in efforts to dominate the political landscape, eliminate competitors, and assert power. International actors have focused on establishing a formal peace and are not paying adequate attention to current human rights violations and accountability for past abuses. European and US diplomats responded strongly to the arrest of a prominent opposition leader in November 2008, but have shown much less public concern about human rights violations affecting ordinary Burundians in rural and marginal urban areas—the most numerous victims of abuse. Neither have diplomats defended the rights of political figures who were “unpopular” in the diplomatic community. The protection of the human rights of all Burundians is fundamental to peace, the transition to democracy, and successful elections. The Burundian government and all political organizations should end violence against civilians, illegal arrests, and repressive measures orchestrated to intimidate political opponents. Impunity and lack of judicial independence are underlying concerns which clearly need addressing to prevent human rights abuses during the pre-election period. Government officials should investigate and hold accountable persons on all sides who are responsible for abuses. Additionally, Human Rights Watch calls on international partners, particularly those involved in facilitating the peace process and donors to the security sector, to pay particular attention to violence and political repression in rural Burundi, and take measures to assist in ending it. Meanwhile, early preparations need to be made to ensure that the Independent National Electoral Commission (Commission Electorale Nationale Indépendante), established in early 2009, is well-equipped and has a strong mandate to carry out the timely investigation of election related violence, allegations of irregularities in voter registration, illegal restriction on political campaigning and media bias prior to voting. The CENI should be able to refer cases to the judiciary where necessary. This report is based on over 200 interviews conducted by Human Rights Watch in 13 of the 17 provinces of Burundi between May 2007 and April 2009. Human Rights Watch spoke with dozens of victims of abuses and their family members. Some victims—mostly detained FNL members who had suffered ill-treatment—were encountered on visits to jails and prisons. Journalists, local administrative officials, and human rights observers from Burundian organizations and the UN put Human Rights Watch in contact with other victims and witnesses. Human Rights Watch researchers generally conducted private interviews with one person at a time, though some interviews in Nyamurenza, Nyabikere and Kayogoro communes were conducted with small groups of four to eight victims. Researchers conducted interviews in French or, with the help of an interpreter, in Kirundi or Kiswahili. No incentives were offered or provided to persons interviewed. Human Rights Watch researchers spoke regularly with representatives of all main political parties and movements during the course of this research to follow human rights abuses and other acts of violence targeting political parties. Information provided by political party activists that is presented in the main text of the report was in almost all cases cross-checked with other sources, including officials from other political parties. Police and judicial officials provided further information on arrests of party activists and acts of political violence, as well as the status of investigations into these abuses. A number of police officers, CNDD-FDD ex-combatants, and FNL members spoke to Human Rights Watch on the condition of anonymity, providing inside information on abuses committed by members of those groups. Human Rights Watch also interviewed military and intelligence officials, African Union peacekeepers, representatives of local and international nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), diplomats, and staff of the United Nations (UN). This report is not a comprehensive account of human rights abuses during the period of research. UN human rights observers, Burundian human rights organizations, and journalists provided Human Rights Watch with reports of dozens of other human rights abuses, including killings, beatings, and arrests. For the purposes of this report, Human Rights Watch focused on incidents which appear to have been politically motivated. The report does not cover several reported cases in which police, soldiers, or SNR agents killed civilians due to conflicts of an apparently personal nature, although these too constituted human rights violations when the state took no action against perpetrators. Neither does the report cover a number of killings committed by FNL members, many of which were apparently carried out in the course of armed robberies.[1] Among incidents that appeared to be politically motivated, we further focused our research based on the seriousness of the abuse and the likelihood that it would contribute to cycles of violence, as well as our ability to verify the facts based on multiple sources. A Human Rights Watch researcher carried out in-depth field research in Bujumbura, Bujumbura Rurale, Ngozi, and Karusi in order to document politically-motivated murders. Human Rights Watch met with detainees in Bujumbura, Cibitoke, Gitega, Makamba, and Ngozi who were victims of beatings, and in all cases either personally documented scars on their bodies or received collaborating information from BINUB or police officials. We received reports of a number of other politically-motivated abuses that, while they did not rise to the level of murder, physical violence, or deprivation of liberty, were nonetheless cause for concern. For instance, political party activists (including members of CNDD-FDD) and FNL members frequently reported that they received threatening anonymous phone calls and text messages. Political parties also reported symbolic destruction of property, including the burning of party meeting houses, and the theft of party flags. Human Rights Watch was unable to document all such cases of threats and symbolic violence, although we recognize that such abuses should be treated seriously and investigated by police and judicial authorities, particularly given the history of escalation of political violence in Burundi. In one exception, we document the burning of CNDD-FDD meeting houses, due to both the extent of the phenomenon and the fact that it served as a pretext for further abuses. For reasons of security, the names of interviewees are omitted from some citations and are replaced with pseudonyms. The pseudonyms used consist of initials that do not match the interviewee’s real name. Take necessary steps to ensure that all state security forces, including the police, the army, and the SNR, comply with Burundian and international law regarding searches, arrests, and the treatment of detainees. Cease all arrests on the basis of political party membership or activity when such activity does not constitute a crime according to Burundian law. Ensure that all persons in detention, including opposition party members, are brought before independent judges to review their detention and order their release if no grounds for their detention are proven. Those who are tried should be guaranteed a speedy trial in accordance with international fair trial standards. Instruct all provincial and communal authorities to permit meetings by all registered parties. Apply the constitution equally to all political parties by either reinstating the 22 opposition parliamentarians expelled from the National Assembly as “independents” in June or expelling the pro-government parliamentarians who also qualify as “independents.” Immediately cease all collaboration between security forces and armed civilian groups. Open investigations into the conduct of police and intelligence officials who have knowingly collaborated with armed civilian groups and encouraged them to carry out arrests and ill-treatment of alleged FNL members or members of the political opposition. Through the prosecutors’ office, continue or reopen investigations into unsolved murders and attempted murders of civilians allegedly affiliated with the FNL, CNDD-FDD, the SNR, and opposition political parties in early 2008 and early 2009, and bring suspects to justice. While respecting the law already in place concerning “provisional immunity,” ensure that peace negotiations with FNL result in provisions allowing for the eventual prosecution of those on all sides who have committed serious crimes in relation to the armed conflict. Enforce Article 411 of the new criminal code, which penalizes the arbitrary deprivation of liberty by state agents. End all interference by the executive branch in the functioning of the judicial system and take all necessary steps to put in place an effective, independent judiciary. Instruct all members to respect the law governing activities of political parties. Instruct members to abstain from all acts of violence against state agents and all civilians, particularly CNDD-FDD members. Assist the police and the prosecutor’s office in investigations that may lead to the arrests of any FNL members who have committed serious crimes that are not covered by provisional immunity, including rape and murder. Commit to a zero-tolerance policy against any form of political violence by members. Cooperate with police and judicial investigations on any crimes attributed to members. Make use of the Burundian judicial system to pursue abuses committed against party members. Disband any youth movements involved in the promotion of violence. Press the Government of Burundi to end all politically-motivated arrests and other forms of harassment of opposition party members. Carefully monitor the government’s compliance with the criminal procedure code and the independence of the judicial system, and take steps to support the development of an independent, effective judiciary. Actively denounce human rights abuses documented by human rights observers on the ground, and regularly raise these issues with the government, requesting specific action to end these abuses. Ensure that reporting from all BINUB sections, including the political and security sector reform sections, takes into account human rights violations related to political and security sector reform. Monitor the usage of Peacebuilding Fund (PBF) monies disbursed to the Government of Burundi, particularly those disbursed to the police and the SNR, to ensure that these funds contribute to ending impunity and play no role in facilitating human rights abuses. Insist that the Government of Burundi demonstrate its commitment to the peace process by ceasing all arbitrary arrests, intimidation, beating, and extrajudicial executions of alleged FNL members and sympathizers and holding to account those responsible for such abuses. Improve utilization of the ceasefire monitoring mechanism as a forum in which to demand clarification of serious human rights abuses by both government and FNL forces, particularly the unsolved murders targeting both sides. Pay particular attention to violence and human rights abuses attributed to FNL and CNDD-FDD members in the interior, and use the peace process to seek an end to such abuses. Monitor activities of peacekeepers responsible for protecting the FNL delegation, in order to ensure they avoid complicity in human rights violations by FNL members. Work through the “Groupe de Coordination des Partenaires” (Partners Coordination Group) dedicated to security sector reform to ensure that all security forces are sufficiently trained with regard to criminal procedure, rule of law, international human rights law, and humanitarian law. Condition funding on demands that members of the security forces who commit human rights violations be held accountable. Ensure the presence of national and international election observers who are on the ground months in advance of the 2010 elections to monitor any potential election-related human rights abuses. Support the development of an effective, independent judiciary by monitoring cases of executive interference in the judiciary and supporting the training of independent judges. From 1993 through 2003, the Tutsi-dominated government and army fought rebel groups generally identified with the Hutu, the majority people of Burundi. The two principal Hutu rebelgroups, CNDD-FDD and Palipehutu-FNL[2], sometimes fought each other as well as attacking government targets.[3] All parties to the conflict committed grave violations of international humanitarian law.[4] After peace accords in late 2003[5], the CNDD-FDD joined the government and in elections in July and August 2005 won both a parliamentary majority and the presidency, installing Pierre Nkurunziza as president. He promised that Burundi would be a country with the rule of law where human rights are respected. However, by October 2005, the CNDD-FDD government had been responsible for the extrajudicial execution, torture, and arrest of members of Palipehutu-FNL, which had not yet joined a peace process. For its part, Palipehutu-FNL assassinated local CNDD-FDD officials and civilians suspected of supporting the government.[6] The government and Palipehutu-FNL signed a Comprehensive Ceasefire Agreement in September 2006. A Joint Verification and Monitoring Mechanism (JVMM) consisting of both parties and international stakeholders was established to support the implementation of the agreement.[7] However, in July 2007 Palipehutu-FNL returned to the bush, dissatisfied with the progress of implementation talks, and the JVMM was dissolved. After months of inconclusive talks about resuming serious negotiations, in April 2008 the rebels attacked military posts on the outskirts of the capital, Bujumbura, setting off a month of combat that displaced thousands of civilians in Bujumbura Rurale and Bubanza provinces.[8] Palipehutu-FNL came under heavy pressure to resume negotiations from international actors, including Tanzania where the movement’s leaders were based. The rebels and the government signed a new ceasefire, and in late May talks resumed. The ceasefire monitoring group was reconstituted, alongside a multinational Political Directorate to address political obstacles to ceasefire implementation.[9] South African peacekeepers, operating under the auspices of the African Union, were deployed to guarantee the security of the FNL delegation throughout negotiations.[10] Talks soon stalled again, when Palipehutu-FNL refused to become a political party and enter the political process unless it could retain the ethnic reference in its name. The government argued that this demand could not be met because the 2005 constitution and a subsequent law on political parties prohibit parties that promote “ethnic exclusion.”[11] The movement also sought half of the government ministries, another demand impossible to satisfy because the constitution provides that ministry-level positions be delegated proportionally to a party’s electoral success.[12] The peace process advanced when Palipehutu-FNL agreed in December 2008 to the former demand and in January 2009, changed its name to simply “FNL,” in order to begin the process of registration as a political party. The government, in turn, agreed to release FNL “political and war prisoners.”[13] Donors, principally Belgium, contributed to the construction of a large camp to house combatants as they enter the process of disarmament, demobilization, and reintegration (DDR). In mid-April the government and the FNL reached an agreement according to which 3,500 FNL combatants would be integrated into the national police and army; 5,000 would benefit from a World Bank-funded DDR program; and 10,000 “militants” and 1,000 “associated women” would benefit from a small (US$80) “reinsertion package” and be sent home.[14] FNL members turned in 633 weapons and began the demobilization process, and on April 22, the Ministry of the Interior approved the FNL’s registration as a political party. The apportionment of government posts to the FNL was the major unresolved issue in the peace process at the time of writing. During most of the period covered by this report, Burundi could not neatly be classified as a “conflict” or “post-conflict” country. Both the 2006 and 2008 ceasefires were violated by both parties. The FNL maintained control of significant otherwise uninhabited portions of the Kibira and Rukoko forests in which FNL members committed murders and abductions. Police and soldiers rarely entered these areas, in part due to fear of FNL ambushes, and in part due to an interpretation of the 2006 ceasefire agreement according to which this would constitute undue harassment of the FNL.[15] However, this limited the authorities’ ability to enforce the law and protect civilians. In other, populated areas, most notably Bujumbura Rurale, the FNL effectively set up parallel administrations, in which they "patrolled" and at times arrested suspected criminals and meted out justice.[16] Residents also approached the FNL for conflict resolution. Police in these areas were also reluctant to pursue FNL members who committed crimes.[17] One official told Human Rights Watch, “The police don’t really do much about [the FNL]... they’re afraid to get involved. The police and army are afraid to circulate in the [hills] at night. They stay near their positions.”[18] The result has been a contradictory system in which crimes by armed combatants have often gone unpunished, while police and their proxies have subjected civilian members and supporters of the FNL—who make for easier targets—to beatings, arbitrary arrests, and other abuses. In 2003, when CNDD-FDD was still a rebel movement, it negotiated with the government an agreement that provided both CNDD-FDD combatants and members of the state security forces with “temporary immunity” from prosecution, but gave no further explanation of the concept.[19] A subsequent law, which applied to political leaders returning from exile, clarified that temporary immunity (more often referred to in Burundi as “provisional immunity”) applied to “politically motivated crimes” committed between independence in 1962 and the signing of the ceasefire in November 2003. The law provided no further definition of “politically-motivated” crimes; however, it explicitly excluded the crime of genocide, war crimes, and crimes against humanity from provisional immunity.[20] Similarly, as a result of negotiations between the CNDD-FDD government and the FNL, a November 2006 law and subsequent presidential decree guaranteed “provisional immunity” from prosecution to FNL members who had committed politically-motivated crimes from 1962 through the signing of the September 2006 ceasefire, excluding genocide, war crimes, and crimes against humanity.[21] The law specifies that provisional immunity remains in place until the establishment of a Truth and Reconciliation Commission and a Special Tribunal in Burundi. The Government of Burundi is in principle committed by the 2000 Arusha Agreement and subsequent talks with the UN to establishing a Truth and Reconciliation Commission and a Special Tribunal, but progress has stalled due to lack of political will.[22] Provisional immunity does not apply to crimes committed by any group after the September 2006 ceasefire. However, a lack of awareness of the law’s provisions has led some FNL members, victims, and law enforcement officials alike to believe that crimes committed by the FNL even after the ceasefire cannot be prosecuted.[23] This misperception has contributed to impunity for crimes committed by the FNL. The slow progress of the peace process means that it is now overlapping with the informal start of the 2010 election campaign. The campaign does not officially begin until a date yet to be determined by the national electoral commission, but as early as 2008 parties began to hold mass meetings and undertake mass recruitment of new members. The multiparty system is still new to Burundi. The country was a one-party state under the Union for National Progress (Union pour le Progrès National, UPRONA) from independence until 1992, and was controlled by a series of Tutsi-run military dictatorships until 2001, with a brief hiatus from 1993 to 1996.[24] The electoral success of FRODEBU, a predominantly Hutu party, in 1993 set the stage for future electoral contests in which UPRONA (still predominantly Tutsi) became increasingly marginalized and parties competed for the majority Hutu vote.[25] CNDD-FDD won a sweeping victory in 2005 elections, organized in large part by the United Nations Operation in Burundi (Opération des Nations Unies au Burundi, ONUB), a peacekeeping mission. In late 2006, ONUB troops left the country and the UN mission transitioned into a predominantly civilian operation, the United Nations Integrated Office in Burundi (Bureau Integré des Nations unies au Burundi, BINUB). BINUB’s mandate includes the promotion of both democracy and human rights.[26] A political section works with the government and political parties on strengthening democratic institutions, while a human rights section, fused with a pre-existing mission of the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) in Burundi, monitors rights abuses.[27] Another section is dedicated to security-sector reform. Despite largely peaceful elections in 2005 and ongoing international involvement in the lead-up to the 2010 elections, a number of developments in Burundian politics create a potentially more volatile and unpredictable situation than in the last elections. The electoral outcome in 2010 is much less certain than in 2005, with the largely Hutu electorate up for grabs due to splits within CNDD-FDD, and the FNL’s transition into a political party capable of competing for votes. Several new political movements have emerged, among them the Movement for Solidarity and Democracy (MSD), a group which has attempted unsuccessfully to register as a political party since February 2007. Both MSD and FRODEBU have successfully recruited large numbers of demobilized FDD combatants, some of whom have expressed frustration over CNDD-FDD’s inability to bring about concrete improvements in their lives.[28] Meanwhile, the membership and political influence of UPD-Zigamibanga, a previously minor party, has grown following the absorption of a number of other former CNDD-FDD members. Analysts have argued that in a climate of electoral uncertainty, both the CNDD-FDD dominated government and the FNL may resort to abuses in efforts to gain the upper hand.[29] Administrative Structure of Burundi[30] Burundi is subdivided into 17 provinces. Each province is run by a governor, appointed by the President (with the exception of Bujumbura Mairie, the capital, which is run by a mayor.) Twelve out of 16 governors and the mayor of Bujumbura are members of CNDD-FDD. Each province is divided into communes, each of which is run by a Communal Administrator, with the support of a Communal Council of 25 members. Communal council members were elected by popular vote, from block lists, in 2005; each council then elected the Communal Administrator. There are 117 communes in Burundi; the overwhelming majority are run by CNDD-FDD members. The Communal Administrator manages public services and communal development projects. He or she also has authority over police based within the commune. Communes are divided into two or three zones, each run by a chef de zone.Chefs de zone are nominated by the Communal Administrator and appointed by the communal council. Their function is to assist the Communal Administrator with local administration. Zones in rural areas are further sub-divided into a number of collines, headed by an elected colline council and a chef de colline, while urban zones are divided into quartiers, each headed by an elected council and chef de quartier. The colline or quartier is the smallest administrative unit recognized by law, though even smaller informal structures exist. Officials at the colline or quartier level are primarily responsible for development projects and conflict resolution. “Both sides use the logic of the gun” —JF, a community worker in Bujumbura, describing CNDD-FDD and FNL using intimidation to gain political power.[31] The current Burundian government has a history dating back to its election in 2005 of perpetrating human rights violations against suspected Palipehutu-FNL members–including members of their civilian youth league, the Patriotic Hutu Youth (Jeunesse Patriotique Hutu, JPH).[32] Human Rights Watch documented extrajudicial executions, kidnappings, arbitrary arrests, and threats against suspected rebel supporters by Burundian security forces and their proxies, most notably the SNR and former FDD combatants (known as démobilisés, see text box II), in 2005 and 2006.[33] Such incidents diminished after the signing of the September 2006 ceasefire, only to recommence in late 2007 after Palipehutu-FNL returned to the bush. Police were also increasingly responsible for abuses. For example, in a series of events in October 2007 previously documented by Human Rights Watch, police tortured and ill-treated over 20 detainees in a clandestine jail in Muramvya province; many of them were accused of being FNL members.[34] “Démobilisés” and Partisan Violence in Burundi [35] “Démobilisé” is a French term that refers to any former combatant who has gone through a demobilization program and returned to civilian life. In Burundi, tens of thousands of combatants, from various rebel movements as well as the former army, were demobilized through a World Bank funded program beginning in 2004. The program provided them with start-up materials for small businesses such as hair-cutting and carpentry. Many démobilisés complained that the funds were insufficient, and others said they never received packages at all. The result: thousands of underemployed or unemployed youth with little education or work experience other than that received on the battlefield, loosely organized into groups, but lacking in purpose. A substantial number of démobilisés from CNDD-FDD were recruited by the intelligence service (SNR). Some became full-time intelligence agents, but most worked as occasional informants. Some of the latter also received pay to carry out one-off “missions,” including killings and acts of intimidation documented by Human Rights Watch in 2005 and 2006. Other FDD démobilisés joined the CNDD-FDD youth league, and have recently been accused of carrying out acts of intimidation in this capacity, particularly in the rural areas. Still others have joined the FNL, with the hopes of receiving a second demobilization package. Many former combatants from all sides in the war did not turn in their weapons. Victims often complain of FDD démobilisés who are armed with pistols, grenades, and occasionally Kalashnikovs. Many démobilisés returned to civilian life with relative success and are not known to be engaged in any criminal activity. But as a social category démobilisés nonetheless constitute a volatile, easily manipulated group. The particular démobilisés discussed in this report are members of loosely organized groups of former FDD combatants, who work in an informal capacity with police, intelligence agents, or CNDD-FDD party leaders to carry out acts of violence and repression. This does not exclude the possibility that some acts of violence are carried out on their own initiative, as in personal cases of score-settling. In January 2008 Human Rights Watch received further reports of collaboration between SNR officials, certain police officers, and démobilisés based in the Bujumbura neighborhoods of Kanyosha, Kinama, and Kamenge. Residents reported that SNR officials were distributing weapons to démobilisés.[36] This was denied by the SNR, but Human Rights Watch found evidence of both SNR and police officials relying heavily on démobilisés to provide information and carry out “arrests” of suspects, and that a number of démobilisés were armed. The relationship between démobilisés and state agents varied in different locations. One communal administrator, when asked why police had never attempted to disarm the groups, explained, “Because they work together. When they see something, they tell the police, and the police intervene.”[37] An official in a different commune linked the démobilisés to the SNR rather than the police, complaining, “There is a problem here of managing the démobilisés who work with the [SNR].... They are a corps who walks over the police; the police are afraid of them.”[38] From January through March of 2008, Palipehutu-FNL and CNDD-FDD partisans faced off in a series of apparent tit-for-tat killings and assaults. Démobilisés were both victims and perpetrators of attacks. Similar patterns emerged, this time in rural Burundi, in December 2008. The five case studies presented in this chapter document human rights abuses linked to a series of attacks and reprisals by FNL and CNDD-FDD members in and around Bujumbura and in the rural communes of Kayogoro (Makamba province), Nyamurenza (Ngozi province), and Nyabikere (Karusi province). These do not represent the totality of incidents around the country, but these areas were notable for the use of extreme violence in the form of killings and grenade attacks. Human Rights Watch also received reports of the abuse of FNL members— most frequently arbitrary arrests at times accompanied by beatings—and the burning of CNDD-FDD meeting places from several other places.[39] In all five case studies, FNL members carried out crimes. Most of these took place in territory clearly controlled by government. However, rather than effectively using the justice system to prosecute crimes, state agents generally responded by carrying out human rights violations against suspects. In late December 2007 rumors circulated that the FNL would attack Bujumbura on January 1, 2008, after the expiration of a deadline set by international facilitators for returning to peace talks. One FNL member was arrested in Bujumbura on January 1 and publicly accused by the police spokesperson of planning military attacks, but these attacks never materialized.[40] Political rhetoric over this period became heated, with the circulation of anonymous written tracts threatening members of both CNDD-FDD and the FNL. A cycle of individual targeted killings began in and around Bujumbura, involving both CNDD-FDD and FNL supporters (including members of JPH). While it was unclear the extent to which assailants were acting on superior orders, at a minimum both sides seemed to enjoy impunity. Police rarely pursued CNDD-FDD supporters linked to violence and in some cases protected them. As one Kinama resident explained, “Both groups have started to attack each other. But the démobilisés benefit from the support of the police. When [the démobilisés] see a JPH, they chase them and trap them.”[41] However, police were equally ineffective in carrying out thorough investigations of FNL members actually suspected of crimes. Due to a combination of fear, incompetence, and lack of will, in most cases they failed to arrest perpetrators. Instead, they often responded with arbitrary arrests and other human rights abuses against FNL members, as documented below. On January 2, 2008, a Palipehutu-FNL “political mobilizer” named Emmanuel, known as “Papillon,” was killed in Kanyosha just outside Bujumbura.[42] The Burundian human rights organization Ligue Iteka identified the perpetrators as démobilisés. Ligue Iteka reported that the same perpetrators shot and gravely injured another FNL member in a nearby area the following day and on January 6 they unsuccessfully sought a third FNL member.[43] The following week, a series of attacks took place against CNDD-FDD members in Bujumbura’s northern neighborhoods and rural outskirts, areas in which the FNL enjoys strong support. Between January 15 and 18, 2008, an SNR agent and two local CNDD-FDD officials, one of whom was killed—all of them démobilisés—were shot in the Bujumbura neighborhoods of Kinama and Kamenge.[44] The FNL denied responsibility.[45] Four people affiliated with the FNL were killed over the following four days (discussed below), with witnesses attributing responsibility to démobilisés affiliated with the police and intelligence service.[46] The FNL then appeared to retaliate. Over the next two weeks, three local CNDD-FDD officials in Bubanza and Bujumbura Rurale provinces were killed. At least one of the officials had a long history of problems with FNL members in his commune, who had beaten him in 2007 when he refused to attend a meeting.[47] There were subsequent killings and assaults in and near Bujumbura of persons associated with CNDD-FDD. On February 2, 2008, an SNR agent and démobilisé in Kanyosha, Diomède Sindiwenumwe, known as “Rumpu,” was seriously injured in a shooting attributed to the FNL by local officials and Kanyosha residents.[48] In mid-February, three police officers were killed when approximately 50 FNL armed with Kalashnikovs and grenades attacked the home of Philibert Nkundwanabake, the administrator of Rugazi commune in Bubanza.[49] The Killing of Emmanuel Minani, Jospin Nzeyimana, Timothé Ngendabanka, and Frédiane Niyonkuru by CNDD-FDD Supporters Two sets of killings in late January 2008 targeted individuals affiliated with the FNL. In the first case, Emmanuel Minani, a nurse and civilian FNL member widely known as “Papa Lolo,” was shot dead in Kinama along with his twelve-year-old son Jospin Nzeyimana.[50] Earlier in the month, neighbors had told Minani they had heard he was on a list of people to be killed.[51] On January 20, LN, a family member, observed young men clad in hats and sunglasses pass by the house several times just before the killing, and recognized among them a police officer from the Presidential guard who is a former FDD combatant. She left the house briefly to walk a guest home, heard gunshots on her way back and found Minani dead and his 12-year-old son mortally wounded. Police arrived a moment later, but did not pursue the perpetrators, who had fled in the direction from which the police arrived. LN gave an interview to a Burundian radio station, naming the perpetrator she had recognized, but he was never called in for questioning. She was afraid to press charges, believing the police to be complicit.[52] Two days later, on January 22, Timothé Ngendabanka and Frediane Niyonkuru were killed in Kamenge. Their nephew was a former FNL combatant. A few months prior to the double murder, an SNR agent living in the neighborhood accused Ngendabanka of FNL activity, referring to the compound as “an FNL camp,” and telling him “I’m going to exterminate you.”[53] The night of the murder, TB, who occupied a house in the same compound, said he watched in terror through the crack under his door as a man in boots and a police uniform approached the house and demanded that the door be opened, and then fired on the door. When Ngendabanka and Niyonkuru finally emerged, the man shot and killed them. Niyonkuru was killed while holding her baby in her arms; the infant was grazed by a bullet. According to TB, a police vehicle came about 25 minutes later. When he told police that the assailant had just left, police said “That’s not our job.” TB said he recognized the assailant’s voice as that of the SNR agent who had previously threatened Ngendabanka. He said the police never returned to investigate the killing and that he was afraid to file a complaint.[54] The Killing of Freddy Nkunzwenimana by FNL Members On March 28, FNL members killed Freddy Nkunzwenimana, a former FNL member who joined CNDD-FDD in late 2007. After leaving the FNL, he had moved into a house occupied by démobilisés in Kinama, who were known for harassment of Palipehutu-FNL members. He was suspected of informing on his former colleagues. The day of the shooting, Nkunzwenimana had in fact met with police authorities in this capacity.[55] Nkunzwenimana was shot multiple times on a Kinama street in broad daylight and succumbed to his injuries two weeks later. CF, a family member who visited him in the hospital, heard his account of the assault before he died: When he joined the CNDD-FDD, his friends from Palipehutu-FNL didn’t appreciate it. They started to look for him. ... It was his friends from Palipehutu-FNL who shot him.... Freddy saw [one of these friends] with a gun and said “Why do you want to kill me?” [The friend] shot him three times in the thigh, took his phone, and fled.[56] In interviews with Human Rights Watch, FNL combatants and JPH members acknowledged that their forces in Kinama had killed Nkunzwenimana.[57] One explained, “The FNL looked for him because he knew many of their secrets. That’s why they shot him.”[58] FNL spokesperson Habimana denied responsibility, and an FNL combatant familiar with the case said that the killers had likely acted on their own initiative to settle scores.[59] Aftermath: The Killing of Daneck Koriciza by Police, August 2008 On August 24, 2008, police from the 3rd Rapid Mobile Intervention Group (Groupement Mobile d’Intervention Rapide, GMIR) based at Camp Socarti in Bujumbura, shot dead Daneck Koriciza, a suspect in the killing of Freddy Nkunzwenimana. Daneck, an FNL member, had just returned home after joining combatants in the bush several months earlier. Witnesses said that on learning he had returned to Bujumbura, police sought Daneck out and killed him near his uncle’s house in Kinama. In a series of contradictory accounts, the police claimed that Daneck shot first, a claim repudiated by witnesses.[60] Residents of Kinama and neighboring communes reported that following Koriciza’s death, démobilisés began to hunt JPH and FNL members associated with him. In November, PC, a young man who was close to the JPH, told Human Rights Watch that two of these former combatants, armed with pistols, trapped and attempted to “arrest” him on the street. He was freed when local residents emerged from their homes and demanded his release, but told Human Rights Watch in a subsequent telephone interview that he had gone into hiding, fearing for his life.[61] Ceasefire Collapse and Increased Harassment The number of arrests and cases of ill-treatment of alleged FNL rebels, frequent in late 2005 and early 2006, reduced after the signing of the September 2006 Ceasefire Agreement.[62] The ceasefire created a legal status for the rebels, in effect prohibiting the arrest of individuals on the basis of FNL membership alone.[63] However, this provision was not incorporated into Burundian law, which contributed to confusion on the part of some police and judicial officials, and allowed willful misinterpretation on the part of others. Although after the ceasefire FNL members enjoyed “provisional immunity” for past crimes, some officials, in violation of the ceasefire, treated FNL membership itself as a crime. Police and local officials arrested more alleged Palipehutu-FNL members in late 2007 after negotiations collapsed, though the ceasefire agreement technically remained valid.[64]Démobilisés were often involved in the beating, arrest, and intimidation of alleged FNL members, particularly in the Bujumbura urban communes of Kinama and Kamenge. For example, RG, a former child soldier who had left the movement in 2005, told Human Rights Watch how in January 2008 the SNR again began to harass him after several years of leaving him alone. He said, “They started looking for me all the time. My mother said they would come to the house, surround it, and intimidate her and my little brother.” The various SNR agents, police, and démobilisés who came to his house on multiple occasions, at times armed with pistols and grenades, never presented an arrest warrant. RG dropped out of high school after agents searched for him there and eventually fled from his home, staying with friends or sleeping outside near a riverbank. He observed, “I’m living like an animal.”[65] Back in 2005 when he had originally left the FNL, he had been arrested by the SNR and tortured to extract information about rebel activity. He was freed the same year and been able to return to his studies. BN, an FNL member, told Human Rights Watch that he had abandoned combat, but was detained briefly in March 2008 on charges of FNL activity and subsequently harassed by démobilisés. He said, “I am thinking about going back to the bush and joining the rebels again because I would be safer there. But I made an agreement with my church that I would give up combat.”[66] Human Rights Watch later learned that BN, with other former FNL combatants and civilian supporters, did indeed return to Bujumbura Rurale to resume FNL military activity. Burundian Criminal Procedure Concerning Arrests[67] The Burundian National Police (Police Nationale du Burundi, PNB) is composed of four main units: the Judicial Police, Internal Security Police, Border Police, and Penitentiary Police. Only judicial police officers (officiers de la police judiciaire, OPJs) are authorized to arrest suspects, except in cases in which suspects are caught in the act of committing a crime. In such cases, any citizen can make an arrest but must be immediately transfer the suspect to police custody. Most regular National Intelligence Service (SNR) personnel have the status of OPJ. However, SNR agents and informants who lack this status, including the many démobilisés who work officially and unofficially for the SNR, are not authorized to carry out arrests. Communal administrators have limited policing powers; by law, an administrator can “take any policing measure that he judges necessary to maintain order and public security.” According to government officials consulted by Human Rights Watch, the law is not intended to empower administrators to carry out arrests on their own; rather, administrators, as well as governors, can requisition OPJs to arrest suspects. Once police have arrested a suspect, they must immediately place him or her in a recognized jail under judicial police custody. Judicial police have seven days to carry out investigations before charging a suspect with a crime; in exceptional cases, they may request a seven-day extension from the prosecutor. At the end of this period, police must either release a suspect or file charges, at which point the detainee should be transferred to a prison and the investigation should be taken over by the Prosecutor’s office. Once a suspect has been charged, she or he must be brought before a judge for an initial hearing within 15 days. Resumption of Combat and Mass Arrests As previously described, the FNL briefly resumed open hostilities in April 2008, attacking military posts around Bujumbura with guns, grenades, and mortars. They also launched mortars and rockets at Bujumbura, striking two homes and a university campus.[68] FNL combatants who were concentrated in civilian areas, mostly in Bujumbura Rurale province, also carried out massive looting in the course of hostilities. In at least one case, they were alleged to have burned down houses as they retreated. Local officials and humanitarian aid organizations estimated that over 20,000 civilians were temporarily displaced as a result of combat.[69] From April through June, the government responded with a campaign of mass arrests which was not limited to those with a direct role in hostilities. Hundreds of Palipehutu-FNL members and suspected civilian supporters were arrested, most of them in late April and early May. Dozens were ill-treated, either at the moment of the arrest or in local jails. For example, TS, a civilian FNL sympathizer, told Human Rights Watch that unknown men in civilian clothing arrested him on the street in Bujumbura on April 29 and beat him over the head with a revolver before turning him over to police.[70] GD, an FNL combatant home visiting his wife, was stopped in the street on April 23 by police together with pistol-wielding démobilisés in civilian clothing. “They all took off their belts and beat me,” he described. He was taken to jail, where in May a Human Rights Watch researcher photographed scars on his head and hands.[71] MH, a 16-year-old JPH member from Kinama, recounted: I was arrested on April 21 in Quartier Kanga, around 3 p.m. I was coming from the mosque. I was arrested by démobilisés in civilian clothing, [who] called over the police and said I was FNL. I was beaten badly by the police. They slapped me, there on the road, and then took me to Kanga police post. There they beat me on my arms, hands, and face. One of my arms was dislocated and I had blood running from my nose.... I did not get medical help... While beating me, they said I was FNL. He was transferred to a local jail where, he said, he was beaten with a baton by a judicial police officer during interrogations over the course of three days. He reported that he suspected financial motives on the part of the men who arrested him, commenting, The démobilisés are always looking for the JPH. At times they are armed with pistols, grenades, and Kalashnikovs.... They look for us on their own initiative, in order to denounce us and get money from the [SNR].[72] In Makamba province, untouched by combat, then-Governor Pasteur Bucumi, a CNDD-FDD member, personally arrested five alleged FNL members. They later told BINUB human rights observers that the governor and his police guard had beaten them.[73] The illegal and abusive nature of these arrests spurred the Representative of the High Commissioner for Human Rights in Burundi to send a letter to the Minister of Interior, denouncing the governor’s role in the arrests and ill-treatment.[74] The Governor has not been sanctioned for the abuses. Abusive arrests continued even after the Palipehutu-FNL leadership returned to Bujumbura and signed a ceasefire on May 25, 2008. On May 30 hundreds of Palipehutu-FNL sympathizers poured into Bujumbura to welcome the return of their leader Agathon Rwasa from Tanzania. Among them were fifteen JPH members from Mugina commune in Cibitoke province, who extended their stay in Bujumbura to attend a JPH meeting in Kinama scheduled for May 31. Just after beginning their meeting, they were surrounded by men in civilian clothing armed with Kalashnikovs, pistols, grenades, and bayonets. They were “arrested” and transported to a house known to be occupied by démobilisés.[75] One, VB, recalled, They took us to [the compound] and put us in the shower room. They started beating us, and then they took off our clothes and beat us more... They said “We are Peter’s soldiers” [an apparent reference to President Nkurunziza] while they were beating us. They accused us of going to join the rebellion. We denied this, and said we were just there for a meeting to talk about food collection, whether it should continue. We were kicked and beaten with batons and with the butts of guns. They took off all our clothes and took our phones and everything.[76] Another, GN, told Human Rights Watch: There were nine who came to arrest us, but when we arrived at the house there were others, a big group of them. They had pistols and Kalashnikovs, and some even had bayonets on their Kalashnikovs. They took us into the little house and started to beat us with batons and belts... One sliced me with a bayonet on the stomach, and they also slapped me in the face. One of the bandits called the Police Commissioner to come and arrest us. Others disagreed. They said “You shouldn’t have called him; we could have done what we normally do, we could have killed these people. Now we have to wait for the police to come.” The police finally came, took us on foot to the zone, and put us in jail.... We were in jail for three days with no food or water, and then the Chef de Zone gave us 500 Fbu for food [approximately US$0.50]. Two days later, on Friday, [BINUB human rights observers] came to see us and we were freed.[77] The police held the victims under the purported charge of “FNL membership,” which is not a crime under Burundian law. Victims told Human Rights Watch that police denied them medical care even though they knew they had been beaten. GN said, “The police did nothing to help us. We had the impression that the police work with [the assailants].”[78] Both Human Rights Watch and BINUB documented scars resembling baton markings on the victims’ backs, and a laceration on the stomach of one.[79] The same démobilisés were involved in the beating of a civilian Palipehutu-FNL member who was set up in an SNR gun sting in June. An acquaintance called the Palipehutu-FNL member and said he had “a gun to give to the party.” The victim agreed to meet his acquaintance at an address in Kinama to pick up the gun. He arrived at the house occupied by the démobilisés and was invited in. He recalled: In the house were four people, with three Kalashnikovs and one R-4. They arrested me, took my phone and 80,000 Fbu[80], [and] hit me with a steel cable. While they were beating me, they asked why I collaborated with Palipehutu-FNL. I was also beaten with the butt of a gun across my head. I was beaten for about one hour.[81] After the beating, the men telephoned the SNR. An SNR official then picked up the victim and transported him to the jail at the SNR headquarters in Bujumbura.[82] Human Rights Watch and BINUB officials visited the victim there, when they observed and photographed scars on his back. Detention as Intimidation For several months after the April 2008 FNL attacks, police and other officials in provinces including Bujumbura, Bujumbura Rurale, Cankuzo, Cibitoke, Gitega, Kayanza, Mwaro, Muyinga, and Ngozi explicitly used detention as a preemptive intimidation strategy to deter potential FNL sympathizers from joining combat.[83] Some arrests were carried out by communal and provincial authorities, who had no authority to do so. In Cibitoke province, where there was no combat, Governor Zéphirin Barutwanayo, a CNDD-FDD member, ordered the arrest of former FNL members, in his words, “to intimidate them into not [taking part in] combat in other areas.” He added, “The administration arrests people when we suspect something, to get information. We question them and they deny everything. We give them time to reflect, then question them again. You’re right that from the point of view of human rights, it’s not legal, but we have to address their political tendencies.”[84] In June 2008 two JPH members from Kinama, Bujumbura, who had briefly joined the FNL combatants but had left when they discovered that the combatants faced a shortage of food, were pursued by police from Camp Socarti on their return home, even though there was no legal basis for arresting JPH or FNL members who had returned from the battlefield.[85] Police at Camp Socarti also detained two alleged Palipehutu-FNL members for two weeks in mid-July, violating Burundi’s criminal procedure code by not bringing them before a judicial police officer. The detainees were then transferred to the municipal jail, where they spent two more weeks before being released without charge.[86] By late July 2008, most alleged Palipehutu-FNL members in illegal conditions of detention had been released, but occasional arbitrary arrests continued through April 2009.[87] In Mwaro province, approximately 16 Palipehutu-FNL members were held in a shipping container converted into a clandestine detention cell for two weeks in mid-November, with no access to family members, lawyers, or other visitors. A detainee who had been held in the container for 10 days, before being transferred to an official jail, notified a local human rights association of its existence.[88] Provincial Police Commissioner Fidèle Nsengiyumva denied that they had been detained in this container and refused access to Human Rights Watch, representatives of the local human rights association, and FNL leaders who were authorized by the Joint Verification and Monitoring Mechanism to look into human rights abuses against their members as part of the ceasefire implementation agreement.[89] FDN Abuses [90] There is a long history of abuses by the army in Burundi. Since the formation of the National Defense Forces (Forces de la Défense Nationale, FDN) in 2004, which integrated government soldiers, gendarmes, and former rebels, the most notorious abuse on record is the killing of 31 civilians in Muyinga in mid-2006. The victims, most or all of them suspected of FNL involvement, were detained in a military camp before being taken out of the camp in a series of convoys, killed, and dumped in the Ruvubu River. The FDN has since undertaken efforts to discipline soldiers responsible for abuses. Human Rights Watch received only a few reports of conduct of FDN soldiers in the course of hostilities in April and May 2008 inconsistent with human rights principles. However, in some cases soldiers did play a role in unlawful arrests in which people were also subjected to beatings and other ill-treatment. In June 2008 Human Rights Watch encountered two detainees at the municipal jail who said they had been arrested and ill-treated by soldiers. One of them said he was arrested by a military officer in Bujumbura who recognized him as a one-time combatant, held at a military camp for four days, and beaten by soldiers with batons before being transferred into police custody. He recounted, “I was beaten the day of the arrest and the next day, on my legs, arms, stomach and back. My whole body swelled up.” A Human Rights Watch researcher documented and photographed scars on the body of a second detainee, who said she had been beaten by FDN soldiers. BINUB human rights officials reported a case of 17 young women, all alleged JPH members, arrested and beaten by FDN troops in Isale commune, Bujumbura Rurale province, on April 29. They were subsequently freed after the intervention of a local official. No FDN soldiers were held accountable for any of the beatings. On December 4, 2008, the Palipehutu-FNL committed to changing its name in order to be eligible to register as a political party. Leaders agreed to consult with their base in order to choose a new name, while the government agreed to release “political prisoners.” Ironically, at precisely that moment new evidence of political violence and human rights abuses emerged from some of Burundi’s most remote rural communes. Many of these incidents took place following new FNL activity in provinces far from the capital, areas that have not historically had a strong FNL affiliation.[91] In some cases, local government officials, in association with CNDD-FDD members, responded to FNL activity, some of it criminal, by carrying out human rights violations including beatings and arbitrary arrests. On the evenings of December 4 and 5, in Kayogoro commune, Makamba province, just a few kilometers from the Tanzanian border, unknown individuals set fire to five thatched-roof structures used as “headquarters” for local-level chapters of the CNDD-FDD. Local administrative and police officials suspected the FNL. They also reported that armed FNL members visited households throughout the commune on the evening of December 5, attempting to intimidate residents into attending an FNL meeting scheduled for December 6.[92] On the morning of December 6, a Saturday, FNL members blockaded roads in the small population center of Kibirizi. They attempted to force residents to attend their meeting, rather than participating in mandatory “communal work,” a policy instituted by President Nkurunziza but widely boycotted.[93] About 400 individuals showed up at the meeting, held in a field near Kibirizi. Some FNL members arrived armed with spears, clubs, and machetes. PN, an FNL member, told Human Rights Watch that the weapons were intended to “assure their safety.”[94] Indeed, the stated intentions behind the meeting did not seem malicious; FNL sympathizers wished to discuss the decision to change their movement’s name.[95] However, FNL members at the meeting proceeded to detain and briefly hold hostage SK, a civilian who walked by (they suspected he was a spy) and two police officers who arrived to shut down the meeting. A third police officer escaped to seek reinforcements. When they arrived, participants fled in all directions.[96] Back in Kibirizi center, police attempted to identify those who had been at the meeting. They rounded up 20 men and temporarily detained them in an unfinished house guarded by two police officers. A crowd of local citizens who opposed the FNL’s acts of intimidation formed around the house. Led by the communal and provincial CNDD-FDD representatives, a group of démobilisés pulled the detainees out of the house, beat them, and tied their arms behind their backs.[97] A number of victims and witnesses reported that the Communal Administrator (a CNDD-FDD member), the police chief, and the two other police officers stood by and watched as the detainees were beaten. The detainees were eventually loaded into a police truck and transferred to a local jail.[98] Both officials denied the accusations, claiming they had arrived to find “the population” beating the detainees, and that it was their intervention that put an end to it.[99] However, the two officials provided Human Rights Watch with entirely contradictory versions of events that failed to clarify their whereabouts during the assaults.[100] Police opened investigations into the alleged FNL members’ activities, but released them after several weeks. On the urging of Avocats Sans Frontières, police also opened an investigation into the ill-treatment of the detainees. The provincial and communal presidents of CNDD-FDD were interrogated, but not arrested. The investigation is currently ongoing.[101] On January 11 a Burundian radio station reported that a group of armed ex-FDD combatants in Kayogoro had begun “nighttime patrols” in mid-December, visiting houses and threatening residents who were not CNDD-FDD members.[102] Human Rights Watch received subsequent reports that participants were armed with guns and grenades and carried out illegal arrests of suspects, who were detained in Bigina zone—not an official jail—before being freed or transferred to police custody.[103] On January 18 unidentified assailants attacked the house of the Kayogoro Communal Administrator with grenades and gunshots.[104] He was the second CNDD-FDD administrator to be attacked in the course of a week (see also Case Study 4, below).[105] On the night of December 19, 2008, 19 thatched-roof structures used as meeting places by CNDD-FDD were burned in six different provinces throughout the country.[106] These simultaneous acts of symbolic violence raised local-level tensions between the CNDD-FDD and the FNL, who like in the earlier arson attacks were suspected to be responsible.[107] On December 25 FNL members held a meeting in Nyamurenza.[108] According to the Communal Administrator, the purpose of the meeting was to discuss organizing a larger meeting to consult on the changing of the name Palipehutu-FNL.[109] However, the meeting was held at night—against the law in Burundi—and no local authorities were notified. The Communal Administrator (a CNDD-FDD member) and the local police chief (a former FDD combatant)—interviewed separately—told Human Rights Watch that “the population” proceeded to arrest FNL members present at the meeting, which according to the police chief took place in a coffee field, and according to the administrator, took place at a private residence. Both claimed that when they arrived at the location where the meeting had allegedly taken place, they found the suspected FNL members had already been beaten and tied up by a large group of local residents.[110] The administrator and police chief took most of them to jail in the communal vehicle, though at least one victim, YI, was released because of the seriousness of his injuries: his head had been split open by a piece of wood.[111] Others were treated for their injuries at a local clinic in the morning.[112] As in Kayogoro, the Administrator and police chief claimed to have intervened to stop the violence of the mob. According to an internal BINUB report, the police chief told BINUB investigators the beatings were so serious that had he not intervened, “local officials might have committed the irreparable.”[113] Victims, all of whom were released from jail between December 26 and January 14, told a different story. Several said they were arrested by police along with the chef de colline and the local level head of the CNDD-FDD. They said they were taken to the Kinyovu police post, and beaten by local CNDD-FDD representatives, a local school director who is a member of CNDD-FDD, the Communal Administrator, and the police chief. According to DM, one of the victims, the beatings became so severe that at one point, “The police told the Communal Administrator to stop beating people. They said ‘If you kill people at our post, we’re the ones who will pay for it.’”[114] The police chief, who denied being present during the beatings, did acknowledge that when he arrived, the local CNDD-FDD representatives and the school director were present among the “crowd” that had carried out the arrests. He said he took no steps to identify or arrest the individuals who had beaten the detainees, claiming he was “new” to his job and unprepared to carry out on-the-spot investigations. However, he had been in his current position for a year and had been a police officer since 2005.[115] A local government official not implicated in the incident told a representative of the Burundian human rights organization APRODH that he had evidence supporting the victims’ version, according to which CNDD-FDD representatives, the Communal Administrator, and the police chief were all responsible for the beatings. The local official told APRODH he could not speak out publicly for fear that he would lose his post.[116] Following the arrests, rumors began to circulate that the FNL had threatened to kill the communal CNDD-FDD president and vice-president, the Communal Administrator, the chef de colline, and the police chief in revenge for the brutal arrests. According to the Communal Administrator, on January 5, an FNL leader, CN, personally threatened communal CNDD-FDD vice-president Anthère Ntarundenga, named by victims as having played a key role in the beatings.[117] On January 7 while returning home from a meeting in Ngozi on a motorcycle Ntarundenga was shot four times outside his gate and died on the spot.[118] Four suspects in the murder were arrested on January 9, some of them affiliated with the FNL. Two were released and two remained in custody at Ngozi jail for investigations as of this writing; two additional suspects were arrested on January 17 and detained in Nyamurenza.[119] FNL leaders in Bujumbura promised to cooperate with local authorities in identifying and turning over the perpetrators, if they are in fact FNL members.[120] When contacted by Human Rights Watch, CN, the FNL leader cited by the Communal Administrator denied personal involvement in the case. He said he did not know the victim and had not been in Nyamurenza for a long time.[121] On March 7, 2008, Libère Ntawukirumwansi, a JPH member, was killed at his home in Nyabikere commune, Karusi province. Witnesses said that in previous months the Communal Administrator, a CNDD-FDD member, had publicly stated that FNL members in the commune, including Libère who was mentioned by name, should be “put down” and “decapitated.”[122] AR, a neighbor, told Human Rights Watch that the day before the killing, an unidentified man on a motorcycle asked her to identify Libère’s house. She did so; minutes later, the man returned with the Administrator and pointed out the house to him.[123] According to the victim’s father, The day of the killing, my son came home at 7 p.m. He said people had assaulted him on the way home. He fought them. One had on a police uniform. He didn’t know them. At 9 p.m., after he ate, he went to bed. Then [someone] threw a grenade over the wall into his room... When I heard the grenade, I went into my son’s room to see what happened. I found my son with his legs completely cut off.[124] Two friends of Ntawukirumwansi provided interviews to a Bujumbura radio station after the killing, accusing the Communal Administrator of having ordered it.[125] Approached by Human Rights Watch, the Administrator refused to discuss the incident, saying, “There are no problems in Nyabikere.”[126] Police identified the Administrator as the primary suspect and transferred the case to the Gitega Prosecutor’s Office for further investigations.[127] The Administrator was not arrested, however. According to a Nyabikere resident, in July 2008 several JPH members fled to join FNL members in the Kibira forest after continued threats from the Administrator.[128] On December 19 unknown assailants set fire to CNDD-FDD meeting houses in Nyabikere commune, part of the series of simultaneous attacks throughout the country.[129] On January 11, 2009, the Governor of Karusi, a CNDD-FDD member, held a meeting in Nyabikere in which he echoed the Administrator’s threats against FNL members, again citing names. Two days later, unknown individuals threw grenades at the homes of two FNL members. The following day, grenades were thrown at the CNDD-FDD Administrator’s house, injuring him and four other people. Meanwhile, the house of another FNL member was also attacked, though no one was injured.[130] On the night of January 14 and the morning of January 15, 2009, five young men, three of them FNL members on “leave”[131], were arrested in conjunction with the attack on the Administrator’s house. The Governor and his police bodyguards carried out the arrests, even though they had no legal authority to do so. Two of the detainees were those who spoke to a radio station about their friend’s death in March 2008, and at least three of them were among those whose names had been cited by the Governor.[132] The detainees told Human Rights Watch they were beaten and tied up by the Governor and his police guard before being transferred to Karusi jail and then Gitega prison. According to one, the Governor told his police guard, “Give these imbeciles a good beating.” Another detainee said he was spitting up blood and had difficulty seeing through his right eye.[133] At the time of writing, the Karusi prosecutor was investigating the attacks on the Administrator’s house, and the suspects arrested in relation to the attack on the Administrator remained in detention. The prosecutor did not investigate the attacks on the FNL members’ houses.[134] BINUB human rights officers carried out investigations in Nyabikere and largely confirmed the detainees’ version of events, although one official source told them the Governor arrested FNL members who were “in a clandestine meeting.”[135] However, the detainees said two were stopped at a vehicle checkpoint, while others were arrested at their workplaces.[136] In any case, the arrests were illegal as they were carried out by the Governor and others with no authority to do so. FNL leaders, like their government and CNDD-FDD counterparts, have authorized killings and other acts of violence, including abductions, and have failed to prevent their members from committing other crimes. They have carried out armed attacks on camps housing alleged “dissident” members in order to send a political message that they do not tolerate the existence of these groups. They have abducted police, soldiers, intelligence agents, and civilians close to CNDD-FDD, killing at least one, while others have been held as hostages. Even after the FNL began the process of transformation into a political party in early 2009, they murdered one civilian JPH member and abducted and tortured another because the two had expressed dissenting views. Until March 2009 FNL leaders did not cooperate with police to arrest FNL members suspected of criminal activity, nor did they take sufficient steps to discipline FNL members implicated in murders or robberies. However, in a welcome development towards the end of March, this policy appears to have changed as leaders assisted police in arresting several FNL combatants who were wanted for crimes, among them, Isaac Manirakiza (aka “Sénégalais”), the Commander of the Rukoko camp.[137] However, as yet no one has been arrested for the crimes described in this chapter. None of these crimes qualify for “provisional immunity,” as they all occurred after the ceasefire agreement of September 2006. In late 2007 and early 2008, the FNL carried out killings in order to intimidate or eliminate what it perceived as “competition.” Though the FNL has denied responsibility for killings of individuals close to the CNDD-FDD described in the case studies above, it has acknowledged responsibility for a series of attacks carried out on a group known in Burundi as the “alleged FNL dissidents.” This group claimed to have left the FNL in order to pursue peace.[138]FNLspokesperson Pasteur Habimana has characterized attacks on them as “self-defense,” because the group’s existence was seen as a threat to Palipehutu-FNL’s identity.[139] In August 2007, shortly after the FNL left ceasefire talks, an armed group claiming to be composed of FNL fighters established a makeshift camp in the Bujumbura suburb of Buterere.[140] They said that they rejected the leadership of Agathon Rwasa and, as the “true” FNL, wanted to continue negotiations.[141] The main FNL said the group did not consist of real FNL fighters and said they had been recruited by the government to provide a compliant partner in negotiations.[142] In September and October 2007, the FNL attacked the alleged dissidents on multiple occasions, first in Buterere and again after the vast majority turned in their weapons and moved to camps protected by FDN soldiers and African Union (AU) peacekeeping troops.[143] The attacks on dissident camps at Buterere on September 3, Rugazi on September 25, and Gakungwe on October 21 killed 29 unarmed dissidents and one civilian. At Gakungwe, FNL fighters decapitated dissidents and left their heads along the road, a clear message to dissidents or potential defectors.[144] In addition to military attacks on the camps, the dissidents also said the FNL had carried out a series of targeted assassinations of their members, though the FNL has denied this claim.[145] On October 2, 2007, FNL fighters killed eight combatants in the Kibira attempting to defect from the movement.[146] On October 13 unidentified assailants fired on dissident leaders who were leaving a meeting at the Hotel Albatross in Bujumbura, killing three and seriously wounding another.[147] According to a dissident leader, at least four other dissidents were killed between November 2007 and March 2008.[148] Police investigations into these various attacks did not result in any criminal charges. FNL spokesperson Pasteur Habimana accepted responsibility for attacks on the camps. He made the broad claim that these operations were “legitimate self-defense,” essential to assuring exclusive use of the name Palipehutu-FNL for his group, and essential for protecting their leader Rwasa. According to Habimana, the government was responsible for increasing the number of dissidents and locating dissident camps near FNL posts, measures intended to weaken his movement.[149] Regardless of whether the government had encouraged the formation of the FNL dissidents, FNL attacks and the killing of unarmed persons constitute serious crimes. They also set a dangerous precedent, sending a message to FNL troops that even in times of relative peace, violence was an acceptable solution to political disagreement. FNL members have also been responsible for a number of abductions of civilians, police officers, and soldiers. Abductees have almost invariably been taken into the Rukoko or Kibira forests, areas controlled by the FNL. Some abductions were apparently ordered by the FNL leadership, as their releases were secured by high-level negotiations in Dar es Salaam.[150] Others, especially many of the more recent cases, appear to have been carried out without the leadership’s knowledge, suggesting a lack of discipline within FNL ranks. In the past, the FNL has exercised tight control from the center. However, this control decreased in late 2007 and early 2008, when increased numbers of rapes, cases of assault, and robberies were also attributed to FNL members, many of them recent recruits.[151] The police and prosecutors’ unwillingness or inability to penetrate the movement allowed such crimes to be carried out with impunity.[152] The FNL abducted at least four civilians and several police officers and soldiers in late 2007 and early 2008 with a view to exchanging them for FNL fighters in official custody. For example, Léonidas Ndereyimana, a local official from Bubanza commune, was abducted in October 2007 and held for two days. Elie Nzobandora and Désiré Sindayigaya were abducted in December 2007 and January 2008 respectively. They were held in Rukoko forest until February, when their freedom was brokered by a Burundian businessman. An SNR agent, Samuel Baphumeko, and an FDN soldier, Ngomirakiza, were being held in Rukoko at the same time as Nzobandora and Sindayigaya.[153] The teenage daughter of a CNDD-FDD official in Musigati commune, Bubanza province, was abducted in February 2008. She was beaten and held hostage in the Kibira forest for two days until her father paid a ransom.[154] In Kanyosha commune in Bujumbura, also in February 2008, FNL members abducted VG and two other men because they were suspected of working for the SNR. When an FNL member present recognized one of the victims and confirmed that he did not work for the SNR, the men were released.[155] Abductions ceased temporarily with the resumption of negotiations in May 2008 but resumed again in November, after a number of Palipehutu-FNL members were arrested for participating in unauthorized protests on October 27. On November 13, 2008, combatants based at Kibuye colline, a pre-assembly site[156] in Rugazi commune, Bubanza province, abducted a health center manager.[157] He was held until December 26 when he was freed in exchange for two FNL members held in Bubanza prison. Senior FNL officials in Bujumbura said they were unaware of the hostage-taking for weeks.[158] FNL combatants were suspected of being behind the abduction of a local official, Alphonse Shikamiro, in Gihanga commune, Bubanza province on November 4, 2008.[159] A senior FNL official denied the movement’s responsibility, but the Kibuye case demonstrated that leaders were not necessarily in control of local events. Shikamiro’s whereabouts and state of well-being were unknown at the time of this writing; police and administrative authorities said he was believed to have been taken to the FNL base in Rukoko forest and killed.[160] Later in November, two soldiers were abducted and seriously beaten by FNL members demanding the release of prisoners. They were released the same day after intervention by an FNL commander.[161] On January 27, 2009, at a moment when peace negotiations were moving forward and the newly renamed FNL had undertaken the process of registering as a political party, the Burundian radio station Radio Publique Africaine (RPA) received a communiqué from a person who identified himself as Gédéon Uwisezerano, who claimed to be writing on behalf of the “Palipehutu-FNL.” He said he represented a group of combatants that had rejected the name change as well as other compromises made in the negotiations, and that FNL leaders Jacques Bigirimana, Pasteur Habimana, and Anatole Bacanamwo were “no longer recognized by the Palipehutu-FNL.”[162] In a subsequent interview with RPA, “Uwisezerano” (revealed to the journalist as an alias) claimed to be supported by other FNL leaders, Jonas Nshimirimana and Ibrahim Ntakirutimana. He gave FNL chairman Agathon Rwasa a month to determine which side he was on.[163] FNL leaders publicly denounced the letter in a joint television appearance, and few observers of the peace process appeared to take the letter very seriously. But on January 31 FNL combatants abducted Jean Baptiste Nsabimana, a civilian JPH member from Buterere who had publicly questioned the name change. FNL combatants, under the direction of FNL commander Antoine Bariyanka (known as “Shoot” or “Shuti”), forced him into a Prado Land Cruiser, one of 40 vehicles provided by the South African-led facilitation for the use of the FNL during the peace negotiations. A South African peacekeeper was in the vehicle and observed the abduction. Nsabimana was taken to the Rukoko forest, interrogated about his possible role in what the FNL saw as an attempted internal coup, and tortured.[164] When contacted by a Human Rights Watch researcher several hours after the abduction, FNL spokesperson Pasteur Habimana denied knowledge of the incident, but assured the researcher that if combatants in the Rukoko had in fact taken hostages, he would ensure that they were not ill-treated.[165] Nsabimana was released a week later. In the meantime, on February 2, FNL combatants abducted Abraham Ngendakumana, another JPH member from Buterere. He was taken from his home by approximately six combatants. A witness identified one as “Bakary.” His wife contacted the police the same night, who said they could not do anything because it was “an internal FNL matter.” Police officials gave her the phone number of the FNL “military chief of staff,” Ibrahim Ntakirutimana, whom she contacted the following day. On February 4 she received a letter signed “FNL,” warning her to “stop making noise.” On February 6 Ngendakumana’s body was found in Mubone zone (Buterere commune, Bujumbura), a location between the victim’s home and the Rukoko forest. He had been decapitated.[166] FNL chief Ntakirutimana subsequently detained Bakary and another combatant in the Rukoko, allegedly for interrogations about the killing. Asked why they were not turned over to Burundian police or judicial authorities, Ntakirutimana said “They are ours. We won’t turn them over until we are sure they are guilty.”[167] As of this writing, the FNL had not turned over any suspects in the killing.[168] Like the mainstream FNL, the so-called FNL dissidents who were victims of FNL attacks in late 2007 and early to 2008 have also failed to renounce the use of force. Shuttled around by the government, approximately 3,000 dissidents were eventually settled in Randa and Buramata camps in Bubanza province, where the majority have been held for a year and a half as the peace process between the government and the mainstream Palipehutu-FNL moves slowly forward. The dissidents have taken advantage of their access to arms and their anonymity in the area to commit serious crimes, including murder, rape, and robbery.[169] Dissident leaders have done little to rein in criminality or turn in suspected offenders to the police. Dissidents have also used force to accomplish political ends. In February 2008 dissidents held hostage the African Union peacekeepers guarding Randa camp in order to force the African Union ambassador to meet with them.[170] They also refused for several months to turn over a group of over 200 child soldiers to UNICEF for demobilization. According to one UN official, the objective of both actions was to force the UN or AU to arrange for their inclusion in peace talks along with or instead of the main Palipehutu-FNL group.[171] In late April, following the short-lived resumption of combat, UNICEF won the release of the children who were transferred to a demobilization center in Gitega.[172] On April 22, 2009, the government accepted 250 dissidents for integration into the national police and army alongside the mainstream FNL members to be integrated. Others remained in the camps, and the government had not yet announced a policy for demobilization of the remaining dissidents as of this writing.[173] Competition between the ruling CNDD-FDD and the opposition FNL is only one context of human rights abuse in Burundi. CNDD-FDD officials have also perpetrated human rights violations against democratic political opponents. These have taken a variety of forms ranging from attempts to restrict political freedom, an act of dubious constitutionality barring opponents from parliament, and attacks on opposition politicians. High-profile opposition figures and members of a dissident wing of the CNDD-FDD were arrested in late 2006 and early 2007. State agents or CNDD-FDD démobilisés were behind the killing of at least three FRODEBU members killed in early 2009. The government expelled a group of opposition parliamentarians in June 2008, and at the same time, began carrying out mass arrests of opposition party members, most of them local party representatives in rural communes. Other incidents could not be definitely traced to government or CNDD-FDD officials, but appeared intended to have a chilling effect on the political opposition. For example, unidentified assailants threw grenades at opposition parliamentarians’ homes in August 2007 and March 2008, and FRODEBU members were killed by unidentified assailants in February 2008 and January 2009. The abuses documented between 2007 and 2009 followed two high-profile cases in which the government attempted to use the judicial system to silence opponents. While these events took place several years ago, they were a significant prequel to more recent arrests, indicating a dangerous readiness to resort to abusive practices for political ends. In August 2006 officials arrested former President Domitien Ndayizeye, a prominent member of FRODEBU, former Vice-President Alphonse-Marie Kadege of UPRONA, and five other opposition figures and charged them with plotting a coup. Intelligence agents tortured Kadege in an effort to obtain a confession. But in January 2007 he, Ndayizeye, and three others were acquitted by the Supreme Court. Kadege then fled the country. The court convicted two other men, Alain Mugabarabona and Tharcisse Ndayishimiye, ignoring their claim that they had been coerced into making the confessions that constituted the strongest evidence against them. Three of the acquitted filed claims of torture against state agents. Despite the existence of a video showing the torture, no one was charged.[174] In the second prominent case, a power struggle within CNDD-FDD came to a head in early 2007 when supporters of President Nkurunziza moved to strengthen their control within the party by removing CNDD-FDD president Hussein Radjabu from his post. Police arrested Radjabu and a group of his supporters in April 2007, charging them of “threatening state security.” At his trial before the Supreme Court, one of the accused, Evariste Kagabo, testified that he was tortured by intelligence agents and police. He described the torture in these terms at an appeals hearing: They ordered the police to rub five small sticks between my fingers, I still have scars [from where skin was removed]. Then they ordered the police to bring a 5-liter bucket [of water]. They tied it to my intimate parts and told me to stand up. It was very painful; I cried out. They told police to bring a rope. They put it in my mouth and pulled to shut me up. Then they put a cord around my throat and pulled until I lost consciousness.[175] In April 2008 Radjabu, Kagabo, and five others were found guilty. Radjabu, Kagabo, and a third defendant were each sentenced to 13 years, and four others to 10 years imprisonment, while one was acquitted.[176] The proceedings failed to meet international fair trial standards; judges refusing to hear witnesses the defense believed essential for establishing the facts and accepted into evidence Kagabo’s confession obtained through torture.[177] Although then-chief of staff of the SNR Gervais Ndirakobuca acknowledged to a Human Rights Watch researcher that SNR agents tortured Kagabo, no-one has yet been brought to justice.[178] The crackdown on those who opposed CNDD-FDD’s policies, including supporters of Radjabu who left the party after his arrest, took a more violent turn in mid-2007. On several occasions, parliamentarians and other politicians who demonstrated open opposition to the ruling party were then targeted by acts of violence. In August 2007 69 parliamentarians, from both the opposition and the ruling party, wrote to President Nkurunziza, asking him to meet with the opposition to discuss disputes over the allocation of government posts. The President did not respond to the request. On August 19 the homes of five of the signatories were subjected to nearly simultaneous grenade attacks that killed one bystander.[179] The police formed a special commission of judicial police officers to investigate the attacks, and in an unusual nod to civil society, included a representative of the human rights organization Ligue Iteka. However, the commission never carried out serious investigations and abandoned its work after its president moved on to another post.[180] In December 2007 a former SNR agent known as “Bienvenu” confessed in a videotaped interview with a human rights organization to having participated in the August attacks.[181] He claimed the SNR had orchestrated the attacks to frighten the opposition into ending the political deadlock.[182] Bienvenu, who was interviewed shortly after he had survived an attempt on his own life by his own agency, apparently fled Burundi after recording the interview. His statement led to no new investigations, and no one was ever prosecuted for the attacks.[183] The factional struggle within CNDD-FDD in 2007 caused a number of members to leave the party. Then, in January 2008, the party expelled Alice Nzomukunda, first vice president of the National Assembly, who had been outspoken in her criticism of certain party policies. In response, several opposition parties boycotted parliament. In late February 2008 46 parliamentarians wrote to UN Secretary General Ban Ki-Moon accusing the ruling party of “persecution, arbitrary arrests, extrajudicial executions, and assassination” of its opponents.[184] Then, on March 8, grenades were thrown at the homes of Alice Nzomukunda and three other prominent opposition politicians, Pasteur Mpawenayo, Mathias Basabose, and Zaituni Radjabu, who had abandoned the CNDD-FDD in 2007 and become outspoken critics. The former residence of Leonard Nyangoma, president of the opposition party CNDD, was also targeted.[185] All of them had signed the letter.[186] The government denied any involvement in the attacks,[187] and police quickly arrested three young men, at least two of whom were or had been JPH members. They were detained beyond the 14-day legal limit for pre-charge detention and were handcuffed for several days and nights.[188] One detainee, SH, said he was beaten with an iron cable and forced to walk on his knees until they bled.[189] A police officer denied these claims but said he had forced the man to squat throughout the interrogation.[190] Family members who brought the young men food were held and interrogated for eight hours.[191] In October the three men were provisionally released due to lack of evidence.[192] Another suspect, also a JPH member, was arrested in late November and was in pre-trial detention at the time of this writing.[193] Other Attacks and Threats against Political Opponents This was not the only violence or intimidation against political opponents of the ruling CNDD-FDD. In February 2008 Juma Hakizimana, a FRODEBU member, was arrested by GMIR police as he left FRODEBU’s headquarters in Bujumbura. He was taken to a GMIR camp in the Buyenzi neighborhood of Bujumbura, where he was beaten for three hours and interrogated about party activities before being freed.[194] Other incidents could not clearly be linked to state agents or CNDD-FDD members, though victims themselves as well as third parties often suspected them. During the political paralysis that characterized the first months of 2008, a grenade attack on February 3 killed Jean Berchmas Nurwaha, a Kanyosha communal council member and FRODEBU member. The killers were never identified, though a local official, a CNDD-FDD member, said he himself believed they were démobilisés from CNDD-FDD.[195] At least three FRODEBU members and an MSD member in Bujumbura received death threats in February and early March, causing some to flee their homes. The MSD member, OB, said he traced a death threat received by text message to a local CNDD-FDD activist. [196] In January 2009 FRODEBU began a campaign to recruit demobilized FDD combatants into their party. Days after a mass recruitment ceremony in Kamenge commune, on January 26, one of the new recruits, a démobilisé named Frédéric Misago who had previously worked for the SNR, was shot dead by two unidentified young men outside his home.[197] On February 19 two other démobilisés who had recently left CNDD-FDD to join FRODEBU were killed in Kinama.[198] A journalist told Human Rights Watch he had information that other démobilisés still loyal to CNDD-FDD were involved.[199] No one has been arrested in any of these killings. On April 2, 2009, Emmanuel Minyurano, a chef de quartier (local administrative official) in Kamenge, was shot and killed while walking home from a neighborhood bar. Witnesses in Kamenge, including MB, a witness detained for questioning, identified the perpetrator as an SNR agent. Police were aware of the suspected perpetrator’s identity, but he had not yet been arrested as of this writing.[200] In June 2008 after parliament had been paralyzed for nearly a year due to regular boycotts by opposition members protesting the allocation of government and parliamentary posts, the CNDD-FDD sought to regain control by excluding from Parliament 22 assembly members who had been elected when they had been CNDD-FDD members, but who had since left the party. Most of them were close to former party leader Hussein Radjabu. In a decision much criticized by jurists, politicians, members of civil society, and the Geneva-based Inter-Parliamentary Union as unconstitutional, the Constitutional Court permitted the exclusion. Furthermore, the assembly president, a CNDD-FDD loyalist, allowed parliamentarians who had left opposition parties to ally with CNDD-FDD to retain their seats, and refused to submit their similar case to the court. CNDD-FDD spokesperson Onésime Nduwimana acknowledged in an interview with Human Rights Watch that the move was “political” and may have involved “manipulation” of the Court.[201] While parliament was again able to function, the move further embittered the political atmosphere.[202] Between June and April 2009, police and local authorities in several parts of the country arrested at least 120 individuals associated with opposition parties and claimed they had committed a variety of offences, including “threatening state security”; participating in illegal meetings[203]; insulting the President; and insulting a magistrate.[204] Hitherto such arrests had usually been limited to party officials working at the national level in Bujumbura.[205] Members of UPD-Zigamibanga[206], MSD, and FRODEBU were among those arrested, as well as former CNDD-FDD members affiliated with the faction of Hussein Radjabu. At times, police who carried out the arrests appeared to be following orders coming from politicians rather from within their formal chain of command.[207] Communal administrators and governors also used the police to carry out politically-motivated arrests; while such officials can legally call on judicial police officers to arrest suspects, proper procedure was frequently bypassed.[208] Such politically-motivated arrests violate the freedom of association, guaranteed by the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.[209] Some of those arrested were held for weeks or months on political charges. For example, in Kayanza province, Anaias Havyarimana and Honoré Misago, both UPD members and teachers accused of insulting the President after they were overheard criticizing his education policy in a private conversation, were remanded in custody after their arrest in September 2008 until their acquittal in December.[210] Others were held without charge and released after several days. For example, Apollinaire Nyandwi was arrested in Ngozi province in October because he was in possession of a UPD brochure. Vincent Niyondiku, a 74-year-old man, was arrested in Karusi province in November because he had agreed to let FRODEBU plant a party flag on his property.[211] Police and local government officials also shut down meetings and press conferences held by opposition parties throughout 2008, without specific reasons to do so, again in violation of the right to freedom of association.[212] In Kayanza province, the administrator of Matongo commune wrote to FRODEBU stating, “[the Governor] has informed us that all FRODEBU meetings of any nature are forbidden,” with no further explanation.[213] Other parties, including UPRONA, CNDD-Nyangoma, and the Democratic Alliance for Renewal (ADR), faced similar prohibitions.[214] When opposition parties complained about discriminatory treatment, the then-Minister of Interior, Venant Kamana, responded with further restrictions. On October 6, 2008, he signed an ordinance that required all political parties to ask permission to hold meetings and gave local officials the power to prohibit them. The ordinance also stated that local administrative officials—most of whom belong to CNDD-FDD—could attend the meetings or send police to “ensure the security of people and goods as well as good morals.”[215] Even when parties complied with the new ordinance, they faced repression. On October 8, 2008, the ADR organized a press conference in Bujumbura, with authorization from the city government. Nevertheless, it was closed down by the police. Party activists contacted Minister Kamana by mobile phone to urge him to explain to the police that they had authorization. Kamana agreed, but police refused to take the call. They told ADR they were acting on “other orders.”[216] In mid-November, Kamana held a meeting with political parties to hear their complaints, which they had raised in letters to him and aired through the media. He subsequently revoked the ordinance requiring parties to request authorization to hold meetings, reverting to the previous system under which parties are required to inform local authorities.[217] A representative of CNDD-Nyangoma told Human Rights Watch that harassment decreased after this change.[218] However, in January 2009, Kamana was removed from his post and replaced by Edouard Nduwimana, the former Governor of Kayanza, who has previously been cited by several political parties for taking repressive measures against them.[219] Reports of opposition party meetings being shut down illegally and of the arbitrary arrest of party activists have continued.[220] Arrest of MSD President Alexis Sinduhije On November 3, 2008, police arrested Alexis Sinduhije, the founder of the opposition Movement for Solidarity and Democracy (MSD) (formerly “Movement for Security and Democracy”), and 37 others during a raid on the party’s headquarters, accusing them of “threatening state security.” The police search of the premises was illegal because the search warrant was for a different place altogether and referred to a judicial file that did not yet exist.[221] Sinduhije was an internationally-known journalist before he established the MSD and announced his intention to run for the presidency. Since December 2007 his efforts to register the MSD as a political party had been refused on various counts (for example, that the proposed party name could not include the word “security,” as security was the exclusive domain of the state).[222] The 37 people detained with Sinduhije were all released by November 10 without charge. For several days Sinduhije was denied visits by his lawyers, family members, human rights observers, and foreign diplomats closely following the case.[223] Unable to find evidence that Sinduhije had threatened state security, on November 11 prosecutors charged him with “insulting the President,” a crime in Burundian law. In a November 28 hearing, the Prosecutor explained that the charge was based on a document in Sinduhije’s possession which stated: “the responsibility for the corruption scandals and the assassinations ordered by the party CNDD-FDD lie with the man who passes his time in prayer meetings.” The Prosecutor said the phrase referred to and insulted President Nkurunziza, a born-again Christian.[224] On February 19, 2009, Sinduhije’s trial opened and he was acquitted on March 12. As of late April, however, the Minister of the Interior continued to refuse to register MSD as a political party. Sinduhije’s case generated considerable international concern.[225] The fact that he and many of his MSD members, like many members of UPD-Zigamibanga, were one-time supporters of CNDD-FDD led to concern that the arrests were a form of political vengeance, and a warning to the party faithful about what might happen to defectors. According to one observer from the diplomatic community, the ruling party’s message underlying the arrests of MSD and UPD members was: “No traitors.”[226] Towards the end of 2008, CNDD-FDD youth groups in several parts of the country began to mobilize in quasi-military displays of public strength. These displays constitute political intimidation, and the involvement of local officials and the complacent reaction of more senior CNDD-FDD officials suggest that this is sanctioned by the authorities. Beginning in December 2008, residents of Busoni commune, Kirundo province and Kayogoro commune, Makamba province reported “militia-like” activities by former FDD combatants and members of the CNDD-FDD youth league, known as “Imbonerakure.” The youth, with the acquiescence of local administrative, police, and party officials, carried out harassment and arrests of political opponents. In Kayogoro, for example, CNDD-FDD youth marched through the streets in the evening, armed with sticks and clubs, singing military songs; a journalist who documented these activities said that the song lyrics, in Kirundi, included phrases such as “Those who are not with us are going to have problems.” The journalist also received reports that this group participated in nighttime military training in a field, armed with Kalashnikovs and grenades.[227] A BINUB official reported that a group of at least 12 former FDD combatants along with local administrative officials carried out nighttime patrols, arresting over a dozen members of the political opposition, particularly FNL members. They detained them in an illegal jail cell nearby.[228] In Busoni commune, Kirundo province, the CNDD-FDD youth league engaged in “night-time sports,” which involved parading with large sticks in military fashion.[229] According to media reports, these youth also chanted threatening slogans about “crushing their opponents.” Jean Minani, a prominent parliamentarian from Busoni and founder of “Frodebu-Nyakuri,” a splinter group of FRODEBU that generally aligns with CNDD-FDD, told Human Rights Watch he had observed the activities. He confirmed that the youth were armed with sticks and clubs, and chanted slogans in Kirundi which roughly translated as “Those who are not with us will be sent into exile or die.” He described the group as “practically a paramilitary group,” and said it was used by local officials to threaten political opponents and carry out arrests.[230] In both cases the illegal behavior was encouraged or tolerated by government and party officials. The Governor of Makamba dismissed concerns about groups in Kayogoro, referring to them as “local security committees.”[231] CNDD-FDD spokesperson Onésime Nduwimana explained that local party members were attempting to mobilize the community to patrol and find those who were burning down their headquarters. He said the problem was that the patrols had become obligatory, with party members compelling others to participate. He recognized that the forced patrols were interpreted by others as intimidation, and said the police should take over the patrols.[232] In the case of Busoni, Nduwimana said the youth group’s activities were “simply sports”[233] and were not intended to intimidate the political opposition.[234] The Imbonerakure’s activities in neighboring communes indicated otherwise, according to media and UN reports. In early February in Bugabira commune, Kirundo province, youth group members forcibly dispersed meetings of two political parties, UPRONA and UPD-Zigamibanga.[235] In Butihinda commune, Muyinga province, theImbonerakure beat a pregnant woman who refused to help them transport material to construct a CNDD-FDD meeting place.[236] Opposition parties have expressed fear that the Imbonerakure are being trained as a pro-government militia.[237] In February one Busoni resident told the local Burundian newspaper Iwacu that the groups were engaged in military training at a shooting range known as Yanza in Busoni. He said the group had attempted to recruit him, but that he had refused. CNDD-FDD officials interviewed by Iwacu denied the allegations.[238] The formation of militias is a violation of Burundian law.[239] Abuses committed by state agents and their proxies have generally met with impunity. Police and judicial officials often fail to investigate crimes, and when they do, case files are often eventually closed with no arrests or prosecutions. Government officials have also interfered with judicial investigations. Human Rights Watch has received consistent reports that some police and SNR officials have been complicit in crimes. In response to reports of abuses by both police officers and démobilisés, police officials have taken some action to limit such abuses, but have not initiated criminal investigations into the alleged perpetrators. No one has yet been arrested for the 12 murders of alleged FNL and FRODEBU members that Human Rights Watch has documented since January 2008 (see Annex 1). The SNR has categorically denied involvement.[240] Even where judicial officials have showed some initiative to investigate politically-motivated crimes, action has generally been limited. In June 2008 prosecutors in Karusi province and Gitega province interrogated the communal administrator of Nyabikere commune about his alleged role in the death of Libère Ntawukirumwansi, but then closed the file, claiming not to have sufficient evidence to pursue prosecution.[241] More positively, in Makamba province, judicial authorities showed some willingness to pursue complaints concerning the assault of detainees in Kayogoro commune in December 2008. As of this writing, a Makamba prosecutor has opened investigations into the role of a prominent CNDD-FDD activist in the beatings, though no arrests have yet been made. On the other hand, in Ngozi province, authorities made no effort to pursue those responsible for beating suspected FNL members in Nyamurenza in December 2008. Neither the SNR nor the police have been willing to officially acknowledge collaboration with démobilisés in several urban neighborhoods, most notably Kinama, who carried out the beatings and illegal arrests of alleged FNL members documented in this report (particularly in May and June of 2008). However in June 2008, LK, a police official speaking to Human Rights Watch on condition of anonymity, acknowledged that some former combatants in Kinama commune, Bujumbura, were known to make illegal arrests and to beat their victims before turning them over to the police or the SNR. He said a senior official at the SNR, Colonel Agricole Ntirampeba, was in contact with these individuals to coordinate the arrest of suspects and their transfer to the SNR, as were several police officers. When asked why LK did not himself arrest the former combatants for illegal arms possession and assault, he said that it was out of his hands because high-ranking authorities were involved. “This comes from my superiors and is beyond my power to stop,” he said.[242] Colonel Ntirampeba himself denied having any contact with démobilisés in Kinama.[243] After incidents involving the démobilisés in Kinama were raised repeatedly by human rights observers, the police carried out one search at the home of the group, but they only seized weapons and did not made any arrests.[244] The detachment that actually conducted the search was composed of GMIR police from Camp Socarti, among those known to collaborate closely with the démobilisé group.[245] The number of human rights violations committed by the SNR appeared to reduce in the second half of 2008, though SNR agents played a role in some arrests of opposition members. However, other police violations of the rights of both alleged FNL members and opposition members continued to occur. Police sometimes appeared to act on their own initiative, but sometimes committed abuses at the behest of administrative authorities, as in Nyabikere, where FNL members said police beat them on the orders of the Governor of Karusi. As of this writing, at least two police officials with a long record of abuses–Fidèle Nsengiyumva, the former Provincial Commissioner of Mwaro, and Désiré Uwamahoro, the former commander of Camp Socarti in Bujumbura—had been removed from their posts and redeployed at headquarters, apparently in response to pressure from human rights groups.[246] But they did not receive disciplinary sanctions. Uwamahoro and two other police officers, officially charged by the Muramvya prosecutor in November 2007 of torturing and beating detainees, have not yet been tried. No investigations took place into the August 2008 police killing of FNL member Daneck Koriciza. Although the military has rarely been implicated in abuses of a political nature, soldiers implicated in the arrest and beatings of alleged FNL members in Isale and Bujumbura in May 2008 have not been identified or charged. Police and judicial authorities, as well as CNDD-FDD officials, have been generally unwilling to acknowledge that the arrest of opposition members and other attempts to silence dissent are politically motivated. Police usually argue that arrests are legally correct and justified. For instance, they have argued that various opposition parties’ activities–ranging from holding meetings to passing around articles published by opposition figures–are of a seditious nature (see Annex 2).[247] In one exception, CNDD-FDD spokesperson Onésime Nduwimana acknowledged that the expulsion of the 22 opposition parliamentarians was a political choice.[248] Furthermore, government officials have actively interfered with the independence of the judicial system. BINUB reported that an assistant prosecutor in Kayanza province freed a number of alleged FNL members in November 2008 after finding no evidence that they had committed any crime. The assistant prosecutor was subsequently threatened by then-Governor of Kayanza Edouard Nduwimana, a CNDD-FDD member, and fled the province.[249] Rather than taking clear steps to address human rights violations, in general government officials and CNDD-FDD members play down the threat that abuses such as those documented in this report might pose for the electoral process in 2010. For example, CNDD-FDD spokesperson Nduwimana reacted angrily to an International Crisis Group report published in August 2008 forewarning possible election violence; he told Human Rights Watch, “The risk is overstated.... Elections have always been peaceful in Burundi.”[250] In Ngozi, where CNDD-FDD representative Anthère Ntarundenga was killed in January 2009, the governor’s senior advisor (a CNDD-FDD member) told Human Rights Watch, “I don’t anticipate problems in the elections. No political party encourages violence; people don’t want to kill each other for political causes anymore.”[251] In fact, while voting itself proceeded smoothly in both elections in recent Burundian history—in 1993 and 2005—killings and acts of intimidation by armed partisans of various parties marked the 2005 election campaign, as well as the post-election period in both cases.[252] In November 2008 Burundi’s National Assembly passed a new criminal code which criminalizes torture, improving the opportunity for victims of abuse to secure redress. This positive development was somewhat watered down, however, by the failure to incorporate a provision that existed in the previous criminal code penalizing public officials who knowingly participated in illegal deprivation of liberty. However, senators responded to concern at the loss of this provision,[253] and on February 17, 2009, passed a revised version of the code that reincorporates it. Human Rights Watch is not aware, however, of any case in which the law has led to prosecutions. The government has adopted a contradictory stance with regard to abuses committed by the FNL. Despite the high number of arbitrary arrests of alleged FNL sympathizers, FNL members have rarely been arrested for actual crimes, leaving some victims with the sense that police are afraid to extend the rule of law to the movement.[254] Police officials said their lack of capacity to pursue members of an armed group has prevented them from bringing crimes to justice. One police official complained in April 2008 that despite compelling evidence linking the FNL to killings, “We couldn’t arrest the perpetrators. It’s an armed movement that we can’t penetrate.”[255] Even in March 2009 as the FNL began its transformation into a political party and prepared to disarm, police found it too dangerous to enter the FNL camp in Rukoko in order to arrest suspects.[256] Confusion around the immunity accorded to the FNL has also contributed to impunity. For example, some Burundians appear to believe that the FNL has immunity from prosecution for all crimes. In one example told directly to Human Rights Watch, FS, a witness to the killing by the FNL of Freddy Nkunzwenimana, the police informant shot in March 2008, said there was no point in filing a complaint because the FNL had “provisional immunity.”[257] In fact, as described above, immunity only applies to crimes related to the armed conflict and committed before the ceasefire in September 2006.[258] Some police seemed to share this misperception.[259] The FNL, for its part, has defended some crimes and refused to accept responsibility for others. The crimes they have claimed are those of a political nature, such as the attacks on dissidents at Buterere, Rugazi, and Kabezi. The FNL leadership has not acknowledged any contradiction between its willingness to suppress dissent through force and its intention to participate in democratic elections in 2010.[260] After returning to negotiations, FNL representatives to the peace process expressed willingness to turn over members suspected of committing crimes, as in Nyamurenza commune in January 2009. Agathon Rwasa, speaking in a debate organized by Radio Isanganiro in August, said, “Palipehutu-FNL members who commit crimes should be brought to justice.”[261] However, no members suspected of the crimes documented in this report, including those who killed JPH member Abraham Ngendakumana in February 2009, had been turned over at the time of this writing. The alleged FNL dissidents, though they initially seemed to have a free rein to loot from surrounding populations[262], came under greater scrutiny as accusations against them mounted. Beginning in February 2008, officials have reported the arrest of dozens of FNL dissidents in Bubanza province for crimes including murder, rape, and theft. Bubanza judicial officials did not keep records on the number of dissidents charged with or convicted of crimes, but unlike the state agents, government proxies, and mainstream FNL combatants who committed crimes documented in this report, the dissidents did not appear to benefit from impunity. Both the UN Security Council (in its resolutions) and BINUB have repeatedly pushed for a definitive peace agreement, suggesting it should be the government’s foremost priority.[263] While such a peace agreement will almost certainly carry important human rights dividends, international attention on the peace process has at times not been matched by concern about human rights abuses, including killings and arrests seen as too “minor” to affect its outcome. Focus on the peace process should not detract from attention to ongoing abuses against local level political activists, including FNL and CNDD-FDD members, and the problem of impunity that facilitates such abuses. The FNL’s return to combat in April 2008 was widely criticized and subsequent steps forward in the peace process have been widely lauded by the UN and foreign governments. However, there have been few public reactions to killings and other acts of violence pitting CNDD–FDD supporters against FNL supporters in Kinama, Kamenge, Nyabikere, Nyamurenzi, and Kayogoro.[264] FNL violence against their own members has also often gone unnoted, including the killing of Abraham Ngendakumana in February 2009 in the midst of negotiations. South Africa has played a key role in the peace process, providing both negotiators and peacekeeping troops under the aegis of the African Union (AU). Following the abduction of JPH member Jean Baptiste Nsabimana in January 2009 by FNL fighters in a Joint Verification and Monitoring Mechanism (JVMM) vehicle, in the company of a South African peacekeeper, the AU issued clear instructions to peacekeepers to avoid any complicity in FNL crimes.[265] The incident was deeply embarrassing for the AU, but AU Ambassador Mamadou Bâ refused to accept any AU responsibility for allowing the abduction to take place. He said the peacekeeper had not been disciplined, as “we don’t sanction people the first time.” The ambassador told Human Rights Watch it was difficult to track the use of JVMM vehicles, and that in any case, “Problems of FNL versus FNL are not our business.”[266] In September 2008 Human Rights Watch raised concerns about the lack of attention to political violence in rural areas to a senior diplomat in Bujumbura, suggesting such violence might increase in the lead-up to elections if met with impunity. He responded frankly: “The diplomats don’t care about what happens in the interior of the country.”[267] However, in January 2009, several diplomatic missions raised concerns with Burundian officials about the militia-like activities of CNDD-FDD Youth League members in Kirundo and Makamba provinces, a promising development after previous inattention.[268] In monthly meetings on human rights organized by OHCHR, members of the diplomatic community in Bujumbura have long expressed concern about the problem of impunity for past crimes, but have failed to take concerted action. In February 2008, responding to the surge of killings in Bujumbura, several members of the diplomatic community present at one such meeting proposed a joint letter from BINUB, the African Union, and the European Union to President Nkurunziza expressing concern that impunity for past crimes was contributing to current violence. Though others present at the meeting expressed support, they proceeded to back out one by one. Over a year later, no such letter had been delivered, though impunity remained a problem.[269] The response of foreign diplomats to political repression of opposition groups has also been varied. Some even welcomed the expulsion of 22 opposition parliamentarians in June 2008, seeing it as an opportunity to get Parliament working again, despite the illegality of the move, and few have reacted to the July 2008 arrests of two of those parliamentarians, Pasteur Mpawenayo and Gérard Nkurunziza, on questionable charges.[270] The November 2008 arrest of Alexis Sinduhije, who had traveled widely in Africa, Europe, and the United States, caught the attention of diplomats. The United States, United Kingdom, and European Union responded quickly with statements condemning the arrests as politically motivated and in violation of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.[271] However, they have paid little attention to the arrests of minor opposition party activists in the interior. Human rights officers working under the joint aegis of BINUB and OHCHR have often been assiduous in reporting on and advocating locally for an end to abuses, but BINUB has not often made use of their wealth of information to publicly denounce abuses.[272] BINUB did not sign on to the joint letter on impunity, discussed above. A report on freedom of expression, drafted by human rights officers in 2008, has not yet been published due to disagreements over the timing of the report and the politically sensitive nature of some material within.[273] UN human rights officers have organized weekly meetings attended by representatives of the police, the army, the SNR, the office of the Prosecutor, Burundian human rights NGOs, and Human Rights Watch to discuss some of the abuses documented in the report. These meetings were instrumental in addressing police, SNR, and FDN misconduct vis-à-vis Palipehutu-FNL and opposition parties, at times leading to the liberation of those detained arbitrarily. The UN Independent Expert on the Situation of Human Rights in Burundi, Akich Okola, highlighted concerns that unresolved political tensions could dissolve into widespread election related violence at a meeting of the diplomatic community on January 28, 2009. Diplomatic missions intend to send delegations of election observers to monitor the situation in the months leading up to the elections as well as during elections themselves.[274] A UN official expressed concern to Human Rights Watch that as of this writing, the UN had not yet been invited to assist in organizing the elections.[275] The UN and donors, most notably the UK Department for International Development (DFID), have dedicated substantial resources to Burundi’s judicial system. While new courthouses were built and judicial personnel attended human rights trainings, the lack of independence of the judiciary, and ongoing impunity for human rights abuses, remained as obstacles to the delivery of justice in most of the cases documented in this report. Donors also contributed to more questionable institutions. The Peacebuilding Fund, a fund established by bilateral donors to support the objectives of the UN Peacebuilding Commission and administered in Burundi by a Steering Committee composed of donors, Burundian officials, and BINUB representatives, agreed in late 2007 to provide US$500,000 to the intelligence service (SNR), in spite of extrajudicial executions and torture attributed to that agency. Some members of the steering committee pushed for funds to be linked to accountability for past abuses, but the majority refused, allowing continued impunity for the serious human rights violations attributed to the SNR between 2005 and 2007.[276] International actors should already turn their attention towards ensuring the 2010 elections meet regional and international standards allowing the people of Burundi to freely exercise their civil and political rights and to vote for the candidates of their choice. Impunity and lack of judicial independence are underlying concerns which need addressing to prevent human rights abuses during the pre-election period. In addition, national and international observers should be operational well before the official election period so that issues such as politically-motivated arrests, election-related violence, irregularities in voter registration, and media bias can be raised and dealt with prior to voting. Donors should ensure that the Independent National Electoral Commission (CENI) plays a proactive role in investigating such irregularities in a timely manner, referring cases to the judiciary where necessary. [277][278] Killings Victim’s Affiliation Commune, Province Emmanuel Minyurano Local FRODEBU official (chef de Quartier Mirango) and FNL member Kamenge, Bujumbura Shot by SNR agent Antoine Baransekera CNDD-FDD member Isale, Bujumbura Rurale Shot by FNL combatants; several are detained; a former FRODEBU official, wanted in connection with the case, is in hiding FRODEBU; former CNDD-FDD combatants Kinama, Bujumbura Shot by other démobilisés after leaving CNDD-FDD to join FRODEBU Man (Alida’s husband) Frédéric Misago aka “Mwarabu” FRODEBU; former CNDD-FDD member and SNR agent Shot after leaving CNDD-FDD to join FRODEBU, and recruiting other ex-combatants to do the same Anthère Ntarundenga Communal CNDD-FDD vice-president Nyamurenza, Ngozi Killed shortly after he beat FNL members; two suspects, FNL members, are currently in prison awaiting trial Alphonse Shikamiro Rugazi, Bubanza Kidnapped by FNL members; presumed dead Daneck Koriciza FNL combatant Was wanted in connection with attacks on CNDD-FDD members; shot by police Jean-Marie Fumbu Gihosha, Bujumbura Killed in grenade attack by FNL combatants Sylvestre Nikoyandemye aka “Gaforode” Local UPRONA official (chef de colline) Bugabira, Kirundo Killed shortly after a political argument with a police chief Freddy Nkunzwenimana CNDD-FDD member, police informant Killed by FNL members Libère Ntawukirumwansi FNL member Nyabikere, Karusi The prosecutors’ office opened an investigation and interrogated the Communal Administrator, but subsequently closed the file Local official CNDD-FDD Mpanda, Bubanza Jean Berchmas Nurwaha Local FRODEBU official (communal council member) Kanyosha, Bujumbura Killed by grenades; local officials suspect CNDD-FDD ex-combatants Raphaël Misago Local CNDD-FDD official (chef de zone Mutambu) Mutambu, Bujumbura Rurale Witnesses cited FNL combatants as perpetrators CNDD-FDD (chef de colline Buringa) Gihanga, Bubanza Local officials suspect FNL Cyprien Pimapima Local CNDD-FDD official (chef de zone Buringa) Timothé Ngendabanka Relatives of FNL member A witness told HUMAN RIGHTS WATCH that an SNR agent carried out the killing and that police did not do investigations Frediane Nikonkuru Emmanuel Minani, aka “Papa Lolo” Although a witness gave a radio interview citing by name a member of the Presidential Guard involved in the killing, he was never interrogated, and no one was arrested Jospin Nzeyimana (son of Papa Lolo) Relative of FNL member Jean Baptiste Ntirabampa, aka “Makanaki” Local CNDD-FDD official (chef de Quartier Teza) The victims had received threats from FNL combatants before his death Emmanuel, aka “Papillon” Witnesses cited SNR involvement Non-fatal Attacks by Firearm or Grenade Name of Victim Nestor Ntakirutimana Local CNDD-FDD official (Kayogoro Communal Administrator) Kayogoro, Makamba Grenade thrown at house Antoine Ciza Local CNDD-FDD official (Nyabikere Communal Administrator) Grenade thrown at house; occupants seriously injured; six FNL members arrested and beaten, currently awaiting trial Bienvenu Mugisha Grenades thrown at houses after Governor, in public meeting, called for “castrating” FNL members Donatien Mathias Nijimbere CNDD member Rumonge, Bururi Grenade thrown at house; attackers shouted “chien de Nyangoma” (Nyangoma’s dog), referencing the CNDD President Family “chez Minani” Grenade attack; several people injured Family of “Janvier” Grenades thrown at house after rumors circulated that Janvier was involved in killing Freddy Nkunzwenimana Alice Nzomukunda Former CNDD-FDD parliamentarian Rohero, Bujumbura Near-simultaneous grenade attacks on houses. Three young men were arrested but provisionally released due to lack of evidence; a fourth, a JPH member, was awaiting trial as of May 2009. No one was arrested for organizing the attacks Mathias Basabose Zaituni Radjabu Pasteur Mpawenayo Leonard Nyangoma CNDD President Diomède Sindiwenumwe, aka “Rumpu” SNR agent Shot by FNL Dieudonné Shot; local official suspected demobilized FDD combatants Abdon Gasaba, aka « Dix-tonne » Shot; had previously received threats from FNL Magnus Nyandwi CNDD-FDD Executive Secretary, Bujumbura Shot; victim said he suspected FNL and pro-Radjabu activists Dates Held Reason Given for Detention[280] Abdoulaye Omar Tunda Rugombo, Cibitoke Possessing traditional medicine (not a criminal offense) Arrested and detained by SNR Christophe Furaha Buhiga, Karusi Insulting an SNR agent Crescent Fatiro Bubanza, Bubanza Attending an unauthorized meeting (not a criminal offense) The five men were having a drink in a private home Idi David Alexis Havyarimana Jean Marie Vianney Gapokonyi Juvenal (a student) Justin Sindayigaya Insulting the President A bus driver, he refused to loan his bus to CNDD-FDD to transport members to a Party Congress. When one member chastised him, he said “Next year you will no longer be in power.” He was then accused of attempting to drive his bus into the Presidential convoy. Alexis Ndikumana Assistant to Justin Sindayigaya Isidore Sibomana Mabayi, Cibitoke Joël Sindaye March 9, 2009-present Ngozi, Ngozi Misappropriation of labor Officially indicted in 2009 for a case dating to 2005; claims innocence Fabrice Kanani Bwambarangwe, Kirundo Ismael Ntakiyiruta (2nd arrest) Late February-late March, 2009 Insulting a government official Philippe Havyarimana Mwaro, Mwaro Attending an unauthorized MSD meeting Prosper Hakizimana UPRONA Aisha Nduwimana Having list of UPD members in her home Ismael Ntakiyiruta (1st arrest) January 21-late February, 2009 Insulting a senior member of CNDD-FDD Valentin Manirakiza Gitega, Gitega Cutting off the President’s right of way; insulting the President The detainee was not in a vehicle Doline Nzeyimana Arrested because wife of above; slapped by police commissioner at time of arrest Fulgence Ngenzebuhoro Bukeye, Muramvya Holding an unauthorized meeting Communal UPD Vice-President; arrested when communal UPD President, Georges Nduwimana, could not be found Déo Nshimirimana Family members of Georges Nduwimana, who was sought for allegedly holding an unauthorized meeting. Burundian police and administrative officials often illegally arrest relatives when they cannot find a suspect Nestor Nduwayo Jean Hatungimana Johnson Nkunzimana Having unpaid debt (a civil matter); opening a party headquarters without permission (not a criminal offense) Théophile Minyurano Participating in an unauthorized meeting One of the 22 Parliamentarians expelled in June 2008 Zafarani Ndikuriyo Jean Claude Nintunze Name unknown PPDRR Arrested by local official due to party membership; freed by police Samson Hakizimana FRODEBU Gahombo, Kayanza Nocturnal noise-making Arrested by police chief for listening to a cassette of FRODEBU songs Andre Butoyi Muyinga, Muyinga Holding an unauthorized meeting in December 2008 Spent first night in jail in handcuffs Augustin Ntibazukuri Jean Marie Gasore Gashoho, Muyinga Léonidas Buyoya November 2008 (for two days) Being party representative without informing communal officials (not a criminal offense) Aline Ntagwabira Ex-CNDD-FDD Mutimbuzi, Bujumbura Rurale The six detainees were arrested in a manioc field by an SNR agent; they said they were discussing a business deal Constance Mukagabiro Sister-in-law of Hussein Radjabu Simon Nani Fidésse Hatungimana Ezéchiel Gisumizi Daniel Ntimpirangeza Dorothée Nyandwi Distributing an MSD newspaper Officially charged, but then released without trial Dieudonné Gikoro November 8, 2008 (for several days) Bwiza, Bujumbura Threatening pro-CNDD-FDD youth Argued with CNDD-FDD members during National Youth Council elections Gérard Nduwimana Mwakiro, Muyinga Disturbing public order Wore a watch bearing the image of Hussein Radjabu Jean Matabura Alexis Sinduhije November 3, 2008-March 12, 2009 Arrested for holding an unauthorized meeting, then charged with insulting the President Tried and acquitted 37 people arrested with Alexis Sinduhije November 3, 2008; released gradually over next week Rounded up at MSD headquarters; among them were four provocateurs who worked for the SNR Vincent Niyondiku Gisagara, Karusi Placing a FRODEBU flag on his property Antoine Sindamuka Renting a meeting space to FRODEBU François Mugabonifaranga Cankuzo, Cankuzo Distributing MSD membership cards (not a criminal offense) Denis Ntiruhungwa Egide Ndayizeye Makamba, Makamba Attending an unauthorized march A school director, he arrived for a state-organized Teacher’s Day march to find it had been canceled; of many educators who arrived, he was the only one arrested, on the Governor’s orders Apollinaire Nyandwi Busiga, Ngozi Arrested by Communal Administrator Idy Sinzinkayo October 11, 2008; two released October 12, others released October 14 Tangara, Ngozi Attending an unauthorized meeting Arrested by Communal Administrator; each detainee paid a fine of 10,000Fbu ($9) to be freed Vital Ndababaye Georgette Bigirimana Macaire Nahimana Mohammed Manirakiza Adidja Nsabimana Sylvie Nibigira Abdul Cishahayo Révérien Nibigira Saïdi Ndayihanzamaso Abelard Muhimpundu Hamdan Ndimunkwenge Ananie Nkunzimana Asmani Ntesa Muhammed Niyoyabigize Odette Niyonzima Seleman Ndikumugongo Viateur Nduwimana Willy Haragakiza Espérance Ntiyankundiye Daniel Mbonihankuye Honoré Misago September 22-December 11, 2008 Kayanza, Kayanza Tried and acquitted; both detainees were teachers, who criticized the national education policy in a private conversation Anaias Havyarimana Melchir Ntahonereka Claver Nkeshimana Bugenyuzi, Karusi Distributing party membership cards (not a criminal offense) Arrested by Communal Administrator; each paid fine of 5000Fbu ($4.50) to be freed Thaddée Bizimana Emmanuel Bushikoro Ndikumasabo Zabulon Ndikuriyo August 11-September 10, 2008 Nyanza-Lac, Makamba Threatening state security Held a party meeting at which a participant allegedly passed around a newspaper article critical of the government Boniface Harerimana Félix Bucumi Having photos of Hussein Radjabu in his house Arrested by colline “security committee” composed of CNDD-FDD youth league members Gérard Nkurunziza July 15, 2009-present Kirundo, Kirundo Officially charged, but in nine months, has not yet appeared before a judge July 4, 2008-present Suspected in same case as Radjabu, who was convicted in April 2008; awaiting trial This report was researched and written by Neela Ghoshal, Burundi researcher at Human Rights Watch. It was edited by Alison Des Forges, senior advisor to the Africa division of Human Rights Watch, and Maria Burnett, researcher in the Africa division. The report was reviewed by Andrew Mawson, deputy program director, and Clive Baldwin, senior legal advisor at Human Rights Watch. Sarah Mathewson, associate in the Africa division, provided invaluable production assistance. Françoise Denayer translated this report into French. Human Rights Watch extends its gratitude to the many victims of human rights abuses who shared their stories with us. We are also grateful for the cooperation of innumerable local administrative officials and to the National Police of Burundi for facilitating our research in the field. We are grateful for the ongoing collaboration with the Burundian human rights organizations Ligue Iteka and APRODH, and to BINUB human rights officers who shared information and discussed this research with us. Human Rights Watch is grateful to ICCO, Misereor, and Trocaire for funding its work in Burundi. [1]The Burundian human rights organization Ligue Iteka documented over 90 killings in 2008 by members of the police or army and over 50 killings by FNL members. Ligue Iteka, “Rapport annuel 2008 sur la situation des droits de l’homme au Burundi,” Power Point presentation summarizing report, http://www.ligue-iteka.africa-web.org/IMG/ppt/Situation_des_DH_en_2008_par_la_ligue_Iteka_3_-4.ppt (accessed May 1, 2009). [2] Palipehutu-FNL changed its name to FNL in January 2009 as part of the peace process, described below. [3]Palipehutu-FNL was established in 1980 in Tanzanian refugee camps where Hutu had fled following government-inspired violence, while CNDD-FDD was formed following the October 1993 assassination of President Melchior Ndadaye and ensuing violence. The first term in the name of each group originally referred to its political branch, the second term to its fighting force, though the distinction lost meaning over time. [4]See, for instance, Human Rights Watch, Proxy Targets: Civilians in the War in Burundi, March 1, 1998; Human Rights Watch, Burundi: Neglecting Justice in Making Peace, April 2000, Volume 12, Number 2(A), http://www.hrw.org/reports/2000/burundi/; Human Rights Watch, Everyday Victims: Civilians in the Burundian War, December 22, 2003, http://www.hrw.org/reports/2003/burundi1203/. [5]Global Ceasefire Agreement between the Transitional Government of Burundi and the National Council for the Defense of the Democracy-Forces for the Defense of Democracy (CNDD-FDD), Dar es Salaam, November 16, 2003, http://www.pcr.uu.se/gpdatabase/peace/Bur%2020031116.pdf. [6]Human Rights Watch, Burundi: Missteps at a Crucial Moment, November 4, 2005, http://hrw.org/backgrounder/africa/burundi1105/; Human Rights Watch, Warning Signs: Continuing Abuses in Burundi, February 27, 2006, http://www.hrw.org/en/reports/2006/02/27/warning-signs-continuing-abuses-burundi; Human Rights Watch, “We flee when we see them”: Abuses with Impunity at the National Intelligence Service in Burundi, October 6, 2006, http://hrw.org/reports/2006/burundi1006/index.htm. [7]“Burundi: Joint truce verification mechanism launched,” IRINnews.org, UN office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, reprinted at http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/library/news/2006/10/mil-061011-irin05.htm (accessed August 26, 2008). [8]Approximately 100 FNL combatants were killed in the fighting, along with a small number of civilians and government troops. [9]The Political Directorate is chaired by South Africa and including representatives from Uganda, Tanzania, the UN, the AU, and the European Union, as well as both the Burundi government and FNL. [10]UN Security Council Resolution 1719 (2006), October 25, 2006, available at http://binub.turretdev.com/images/articles/1719E.pdf (accessed February 24, 2009). [11]Loi No. 1/010 du 18 mars 2005 portant promulgation de la constitution de la république du Burundi, Art. 78 ; Loi No. 1/006 du 26 juin 2003 portant organisation et fonctionnement des partis politiques, art. 24 et 31. [12] Loi No. 1/010 du 18 mars 2005 portant promulgation de la constitution de la république du Burundi, Art. 129. Human Rights Watch interview with a Bujumbura-based diplomat, by telephone, October 20, 2008, and with Palipehutu-FNL president Agathon Rwasa, Bujumbura, November 8, 2008. [13]Declaration of the Summit of the Heads of State and Government of the Great Lakes Region on the Burundi Peace Process: 4 December 2008. Neither international treaty law nor Burundian national law establishes definitions of what constitutes a “prisoner of war” or “political prisoner” in an internal armed conflict. The Burundian government has established a commission including both government and FNL representatives to evaluate the cases of individual FNL members in prison. Such persons are eligible for release if their crime is considered to be of a political nature. [14]Agence Burundaise de la Presse, “La facilitation dévoile un nouveau plan d’actions,” April 18, 2009. Many of the latter group are recent recruits who joined in hopes of a demobilization package, and were thus not considered “combatants” eligible for integration into the security forces or demobilization. [15]Human Rights Watch interview with FDN officer, Musigati commune, Bubanza province, February 20, 2008. [16]Human Rights Watch interview with police official, Mubimbi commune, Bujumbura Rurale province, February 28, 2008. [17]Human Rights Watch interview with police official, Nyabiraba commune, Bujumbura Rurale province, April 15, 2008. [18]Human Rights Watch interview with local official, Isale commune, Bujumbura Rurale province, February 28, 2008. [19] The Pretoria Protocol on Outstanding Political, Defense, and Security Power Sharing Issues in Burundi, November 2, 2003. [20]Stef Vandeginste, “Immunité provisoire et blocage des négotiations entre le gouvernement du Burundi et le Palipehutu-FNL: Une analyse juridique,” April 28, 2008. [21] “Provisional immunity,” according to the law, lasts until a Truth and Reconciliation Commission and a Special Tribunal are established in Burundi. Loi no. 1/32 du 22 novembre 2006 portant immunité provisoire de poursuites judiciaires en faveur des membres du mouvement signataire de l’accord de cessez-le-feu du 07 septembre 2006; Décret No 100/357 du 20 décembre 2006 portant application de l’immunité provisoire prévu par l’Accord Global de Cessez-le-feu de Dar es Salaam du 07 septembre 2006. [22] Arusha Peace and Reconciliation Agreement for Burundi, August 28, 2000, text available at http://www.usip.org/library/pa/burundi/pa_burundi_08282000_toc.html; Stef Vandeginste, Transitional Justice for Burundi: A Long and Winding Road, June 2007, at http://www.peace-justice-conference.info/download/WS10-Vandeginste%20report.pdf (accessed April 26, 2009). [23] Human Rights Watch interview with FS, Bujumbura, August 23, 2008; informal discussion with police officers, Bujumbura, August 25, 2008; text message sent to Human Rights Watch from JM, an FNL member, April 28, 2009. [24]In 1993 Burundians elected a Hutu from FRODEBU, Melchior Ndadaye, as President. He was killed by Tutsi army officers four months later. Two Hutu Presidents succeeded him between 1993 and 1996, but actual rule remained in the hands of the army. Pierre Buyoya, a Tutsi from UPRONA, ousted FRODEBU in a 1996 coup d’etat. [25]Hutus are estimated to make up 85 percent of the population, while 14 percent is Tutsi and one percent is Twa. US Department of State, “Burundi,” http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/2821.htm (accessed February 24, 2009). [26] In creating BINUB, the UN adopted an experimental model of an “integrated mission” that coordinates between all UN agencies. BINUB’s mandate specifically includes peacebuilding, democracy promotion, security sector reform, and human rights promotion. UN Security Council Resolution 1719 (2006), October 25, 2006, available at http://binub.turretdev.com/images/articles/1719E.pdf (accessed February 24, 2009). [27]The integrated OHCHR/BINUB office in Burundi currently reports directly to both the UN Department of Peacekeeping Operations (DPKO) through BINUB, which integrates information about human rights abuses into its general reports to the Security Council, and to the High Commissioner on Human Rights in Geneva. Electronic communication to Human Rights Watch from a former OHCHR official, March 24, 2009. [28]Dieudonné Hakizimana, Christian Bigirimana, and Léandre Sikuyavuga, “Transhumance politique des démobilisés du CNDD-FDD ,” Iwacu no. 17, February 6, 2009, pp. 3-4, http://www.iwacu-burundi.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=496&Itemid=613. [29]International Crisis Group, Burundi : renouer la dialogue politique, Africa Briefing No. 53, Nairobi/Brussels. August 19, 2008; Fred Oluoch, “Burundi: Worries Over Poll Chaos in 2010,” The East African, September 13, 2008, at http://allafrica.com/stories/200809150558.html (accessed April 26, 2009). [30] Loi No. 1/016 du 20 avril 2005 portant organisation de l’administration communale. [31]Human Rights Watch interview with JF, Bujumbura, February 15, 2008. [32]The JPH consists largely of young people in their late teens and twenties, including high school and university students, whose activities in support of the FNL before it disarmed included collecting “taxes,” informing FNL combatants of police and military movements, and conducting political education. In theory, the JPH was an unarmed branch of Palipehutu-FNL, but a number of members in Bujumbura have been known to carry weapons and to move fluidly between the JPH and the armed FNL. [33]Human Rights Watch, Burundi: Missteps at a Crucial Moment; Warning Signs: Continuing Abuses in Burundi; “We flee when we see them”: Abuses with Impunity at the National Intelligence Service in Burundi. [34] Human Rights Watch, Every Morning They Beat Me, April 30, 2008, http://hrw.org/reports/2008/burundi0408/. [35] The information in this text box (continued on the next page) is based on the following sources: Human Rights Watch interview with PK, a demobilized FDD combatant, Bujumbura, February 2008; electronic communication to Human Rights Watch from a BINUB official, March 11, 2009; Pyt Douma with Jean Marie Gasana, Reintegration in Burundi: between happy cows and lost investments, Clingendael Institute, October 2008. [36]This claim was confirmed in private interviews with some officials but denied consistently by government spokespersons. Human Rights Watch interviews with PK and RS, Kinama and Kamenge residents, Bujumbura, February 1 and July 14, 2008; with BC, a local administrative official, Bujumbura, February 2008; and with police officials, January and February 2008. [37]Human Rights Watch interview with BC, Bujumbura, May 27, 2008. [38] Human Rights Watch interview with XD, Bujumbura, February 13, 2008. [39]Human Rights Watch interview with then-CNDD-FDD Information and Communication Commissioner Gélase Daniel Ndabirabe, Bujumbura, December 26, 2008, and with BINUB official, Gitega, April 3, 2009. [40]Human Rights Watch interview with FNL member, Rubira, January 15, 2009. [41]Human Rights Watch interview with RS, Kinama resident, Bujumbura, February 1, 2008. [42]According to witnesses, Papillon received a phone call from someone claiming to have money to contribute to “the party,” who asked him to come to a location called Bihara. He arrived at a local bar, met two individuals, and left with them. A few minutes later, witnesses heard gunshots and saw the two men running away. They suspected they were former FDD combatants working for the SNR. Human Rights Watch interviews with residents, Bihara, August 20, 2008. [43] Ligue Iteka, “Insécurité en commune urbaine de Kanyosha,” undated, http://www.ligue-iteka.africa-web.org/article.php3?id_article=2350 (accessed September 19, 2008). [44]The victims were the Executive Secretary of the CNDD-FDD for Bujumbura Mairie, Patrice Magnus Nyandwi, and SNR agent Abdon Kasaba, both of whom survived the shootings, and local CNDD-FDD official Jean Baptiste Ntirabampa, also known as “Makanaki,” who was killed. Both Kasaba and Ntirabampa had previously reported death threats from FNL members. Human Rights Watch interviews, with local officials, Bujumbura, February 13 and May 2, 2008, and Patrice Magnus Nyandwi, August 12, 2008; Ligue Iteka, Rapport semestriel sur la liberté d’expression au Burundi, Premier Semestre 2008, Bujumbura, October 2008, p. 42. [45]Human Rights Watch interview with FNL spokesperson Pasteur Habimana, Bujumbura, September 14, 2008. [46]Human Rights Watch interviews with RS, Kinama resident, Bujumbura, February 2, 2008; with LN, family member of Emmanuel Minani, Bujumbura, February 14, 2008; and with TB, neighbor of Timothé Ngendabanka and Frediane Niyonkuru, Bujumbura, February 25, 2008. [47]Human Rights Watch interviews with local officials, Gihanga, February 12, 2008, and Mubone, March 4, 2008, and with BINUB official, Bujumbura. February 11, 2008; Memorandum from BINUB human rights officers to Ismael A. Diallo, Director of the Human Rights Division, BINUB, July 3, 2007; Agence Burundaise de la Presse, “Assassinat du chef de la colline Buringa ,” January 24, 2008 ; Agence Burundaise de la Presse, “Assassinat d’un élu collinaire du parti CNDD-FDD ,” January 30, 2008; Agence Burundaise de la Presse, “Un chef de zone Mutambu vient d’être assassiné par des éléments FNL,” February 2, 2008. [48] A man abducted by FNL combatants shortly after the incident—subsequently released when they realized he was not, as they had thought, an SNR informant—said his kidnappers said they had shot Rumpu and instructed him to deliver a message to certain demobilized combatants and SNR agents that they too were on an FNL hit list. Human Rights Watch interviews with local officials and kidnapping victim, Bujumbura, February 14, 2008, and by telephone, August 18, 2008. [49]Habimana claimed FNL responsibility for the attack, saying the combatants had acted in self-defense, but an eyewitness told Human Rights Watch the FNL fired first. Nkundwanabake, a CNDD-FDD member, said he had received threats from the Palipehutu-FNL shortly before the attack due to his political affiliation and his attempts to prevent the rebels from collecting taxes. Human Rights Watch interviews, Rugazi, February 26, 2008; Organisation des Médias d’Afrique Centrale, “Actualité burundaise du 25 février 2008,” http://www.omac-afrique.org/article.php3?id_article=987 (accessed August 16, 2008). [50]Minani had been imprisoned for six months in late 2005 at the Documentation Nationale (the precursor to the SNR) and Mpimba prison, accused of FNL membership. [51]Human Rights Watch interview with LN, Bujumbura, February 14, 2008. [52]Ibid. [53]Human Rights Watch interview with TB, Bujumbura, February 25, 2008. [55]Human Rights Watch interview with AN, judicial police official, April 10, 2008, and with residents of Kinama, Bujumbura, April 14, 2008 and August 9, 2008. [56]Human Rights Watch interview with CF, Bujumbura, August 15, 2008. [57]Human Rights Watch interviews with JM, a JPH member from Kinama, Bujumbura, May 6, 2008; BN, an FNL combatant, Bujumbura, August 11, 2008; JU, an FNL member, Bujumbura, August 26, 2008; and ED, a former FNL combatant from Kinama, Bujumbura, September 15, 2008. [58]Human Rights Watch interviews with JM, Bujumbura, May 6, 2008. [59] Human Rights Watch interview with Pasteur Habimana, Bujumbura, September 14, 2008, and with BN, Bujumbura, October 2008. [60]Human Rights Watch interviews with PNB spokesperson Pierre Channel Ntarabaganyi and with BINUB human rights officials, Bujumbura, August 25, 2008; with US Embassy security official, Bujumbura, August 26, 2008; with Regional Judicial Police Commissioner Gaston Uwimana, by telephone, August 27, 2008; and with residents of Kinama, Bujumbura, August 26 and 27 and September 6, 2008. Police from Camp Socarti have been implicated in a series of human rights violations, some of which are described below. The commandant who reportedly shot Koriciza, Désiré Uwamahoro, is notorious for having tortured alleged FNL members and others in Muramvya province in October 2007, as documented in Human Rights Watch, Every Morning They Beat Me. [61]Human Rights Watch telephone interview with PC, November 28, 2008. [62]Before September 2006, FNL members were regularly charged with the crime of “Participation in Armed Bands,” a violation of Articles 419-421 of the Criminal Code. According to the law, “armed bands” are those who seek to “trouble the state” by attempting to destroy or change the constitutional regime, mobilize citizens to take up arms against the state, attack the national territory, or organize massacres. Though the arrest of FNL members was itself in accordance with the law, many arrests involved procedural violations, and on numerous occasions detainees were tortured. Décret-loi no. 1/6 du 4 Avril 1981 portant réforme du code pénal, art. 412, 417, and 419-421; Human Rights Watch, Burundi: Missteps at a Crucial Moment, 2005; Warning Signs: Continuing Abuses in Burundi, 2006; “We flee when we see them”: Abuses with Impunity at the National Intelligence Service in Burundi, 2006. [63]The ceasefire agreement, hurriedly drafted and signed under pressure from international facilitators, does not clearly do away with such penalties. It states that from the time the agreement takes effect, the Parties will agree not to “Undertake reprisals or acts of intimidation against persons who were involved in the previous activities in support of operations of the other party” (Annexure I, 1.9.3) and that “The government forces shall disengage and stop their operations against Palipehutu-FNL” (Annexure I, 2.1.1). The Parties also agree to cease “any action likely to impede the normal implementation of the peace process” (Article 2, 1.1.7). Burundian authorities generally agreed that these provisions should be understood to prohibit the arrest of individuals on the basis of FNL membership alone. Human Rights Watch interview with FDN General Athanase Kararuza, Bujumbura, March 28, 2008, and with Gaston Uwimana, Bujumbura, August 22, 2008. [64] In October 2007 Human Rights Watch documented the arbitrary arrest of at least nine civilians accused of being FNL members; they were beaten, tortured, and held in a clandestine detention site for periods of up to three weeks, along with civilians suspected of other crimes. Human Rights Watch, Every Morning They Beat Me: Police Abuses in Burundi. [65]Human Rights Watch interview with RG, Bujumbura, March 15, 2008. [66]Human Rights Watch interview with BN, Bujumbura, April 12, 2008. [67]The information in this text box comes from: Loi No. 1/020 du 31 décembre 2004 portant création, missions, composition, et fonctionnement de la Police Nationale; Loi No. 1/015 du 20 juillet 1999 portant réforme de code de procédure pénale; Loi No. 1/05 du 02 mars 2006 portant statut du personnel du service national de renseignement; Loi No. 1/016 du 20 avril 2005 portant organisation de l’administration communale, art. 26 ; and Human Rights Watch interviews with former Minister of Interior Venant Kamana, by telephone, and police spokesperson Pierre Channel Ntarabaganyi, Bujumbura, (February 11, 2009). [68]BINUB Division des Droits de l’Homme et Justice—Bureau Régional de Bujumbura Rural, “Rapport Mensuel de Avril 2008 ,” in possession of Human Rights Watch. [69]Human Rights Watch interviews with communal administrators and humanitarian aid organization staff, Rushubi and Bujumbura, May 2, 2008, Muhuta, May 7, 2008, and Kabezi, May 12, 2008; Norwegian Refugee Council, “Displacement in Bujumbura Rurale Province, Burundi, May 2008,” at http://www.internal-displacement.org/8025708F004CE90B/(httpDocuments)/5459031C84194317C1257449004AA2EC/$file/Report+Displacement+Bujumbura+Rurale+May-08.pdf (accessed April 27, 2009). [70]Human Rights Watch interview with TS, Bujumbura, May 24, 2008. [71]Human Rights Watch interview with GD, Bujumbura, May 24, 2008. [72]Human Rights Watch interview with MH, Bujumbura, May 24, 2008. [73]BINUB, “Human rights and Justice input for the DSR of 30 May 2008,” unpublished documented transmitted by email to Human Rights Watch, May 30, 2008. [74]BINUB, “Human rights and Justice input for the DSR of 2 July 2008,” unpublished documented transmitted by email to Human Rights Watch, July 2, 2008. [75]Human Rights Watch interviews with JPH members, Mugina commune, Cibitoke province, July 22, 2008. [76]Human Rights Watch interview with VB, Mugina commune, Cibitoke province, July 22, 2008. [77]Human Rights Watch interview with GN, Mugina commune, Cibitoke province, July 22, 2008. [79]Human Rights Watch interviews with JPH members, Mugina commune, Cibitoke province, July 22, 2008; Human Rights Watch telephone interview with BINUB official, June 9, 2008. [80]Approximately US$70. [81]Human Rights Watch interview, Bujumbura, June 16, 2008. [82] An SNR official acknowledged that the victim arrived at the jail bearing signs of a beating. Human Rights Watch interviews, Bujumbura, June 16, 2008. [83]Human Rights Watch visited jails and prisons in Bujumbura, Bujumbura Rurale, Cankuzo, Cibitoke, Muyinga, and Mwaro to document abuses. In other provinces visited by Human Rights Watch, including Muramvya and Ruyigi, prosecutors appeared reluctant to hold FNL members on the basis of membership alone, and freed several such persons who had been detained by the police. Cases in Gitega, Kayanza, Muyinga, and Ngozi were reported by BINUB and the Burundian human rights organization APRODH. Human Rights Watch interviews with Prosecutor Renovat Tabu, Muramvya, May 14, 2008 and Prosecutor Nicodème Gahimbere, Ruyigi, May 15, 2008; BINUB, “Rapport hebdomadaire sur la situation des droits de l’Homme et justice -Semaine du 28 avril au 02 mai 2008,” electronic communication received by Human Rights Watch on May 13, 2008; “Détention de FNL par les forces de sécurité du Burundi ,” internal BINUB document transmitted to Human Rights Watch in May 2008. [84]Human Rights Watch interview with Governor of Cibitoke Zéphyrin Barutwanayo, May 22, 2008. [85]Human Rights Watch interviews with JPH members, Bujumbura, August 12, 2008; comments by PNB spokesperson Pierre Channel Ntarabaganyi and PNB Commissioner in Charge of Information, Louis Nkurikiya, meeting at the Office of the High Commissioner of Human Rights, Bujumbura, August 18, 2008. [86]Human Rights Watch interview with APRODH President Pierre Claver Mbonimpa, Bujumbura, August 19, 2008. A Human Rights Watch researcher consulted the detention registers at BSR jail and Camp Socarti, which confirmed the dates of detention. Camp Socarti is home to the 3rd Rapid Mobile Intervention Group (Groupement Mobile d’Intervention Rapide, GMIR), an urgent response brigade that is not authorized to detain civilians. It was under the commandment of Désiré Uwamahoro through December 2008 and carried out arbitrary arrests, beatings, and tortures of alleged FNL members and others in Muramvya province documented in Human Rights Watch, Every Morning They Beat Me, 2008. [87] As late as April 2009—even after the FNL began disarmament—BINUB reported that six people were illegally arrested and detained for four days in Ruhororo commune, Ngozi province, on the basis of FNL membership alone. BINUB, “Human rights and Justice Input for the DSR of 20 April 2009,” unpublished document transmitted electronically to Human Rights Watch in April 2009. [88]Internal report produced by a local human rights organization, transmitted electronically to Human Rights Watch by a UN official, November 11, 2008. [89]Human Rights Watch interviews with FNL President Agathon Rwasa, Bujumbura, November 8, 2008; with a representative of a local human rights organization, by telephone, November 14, 2008; with residents and police officers, Mwaro, November 14, 2008; and with Aimé Magera, an FNL representative to the Joint Verification and Monitoring Mechanism, Bujumbura, December 2, 2008. [90]The information in this text box (continued on the next page) comes from: Human Rights Watch, “We flee when we see them”: Abuses with Impunity at the National Intelligence Service in Burundi, October 6, 2006, http://hrw.org/reports/2006/burundi1006/index.htm; Human Rights Watch interviews with detainees, Bujumbura, May 24, 2008; with Military Prosecutor Donatien Nkurunziza, Bujumbura, September 3, 2008; and with BINUB official, Bujumbura, October 27, 2008; BINUB, “Préoccupations récentes de droits de l’homme et justice dans Bujumbura et Bujumbura Rurale », undated memorandum, transmitted to Human Rights Watch in May 2008. [91] Since 2003, the FNL has largely been based in the provinces of Bujumbura Rurale, Bubanza, Cibitoke, and Kayanza, near the capital, Bujumbura. [92]Human Rights Watch interviews with Leonidas Kanuma, Economic Advisor to the Governor of Makamba, and Provincial Police Chief Felix Gahitira, Makamba, December 15, 2008, and with Communal Administrator Nestor Ntakarutimana, Kayogoro commune, Makamba province, December 16, 2008. [93]Human Rights Watch interviews with Ntakarutimana and with Police Chief Jerome Maniraho, Kayogoro, commune, Makamba province, December 16, 2008, and with residents, Kibirizi center, Kayogoro, commune, Makamba province, December 16, 2008. President Nkurunziza introduced a nation-wide policy of mandatory “community work” according to which residents are expected to participate in forced labor each Saturday morning. No existing law governs the practice, but residents are often asked to show their attendance record in order to qualify for basic state services. The FNL, among other opposition groups, has occasionally called on its supporters to boycott the “communal work.” Human Rights Watch telephone interviews with a Burundian attorney and a Burundian political analyst, March 22, 2009. The arbitrary nature of this requirement to work appears to violate article 8 of the ICCPR. [94]Human Rights Watch interview with PN, Kibirizi, December 16, 2008. [95]Human Rights Watch interviews with PN and SK, Kibirizi, December 16, 2008. [97]Human Rights Watch interviews with detainees, BINUB official, and judicial official, Makamba, December 15, 2008, and with detainees and Police Chief Jerome Maniraho, Kayogoro, December 16, 2008. [98]Human Rights Watch interviews with detainees, Makamba, December 15, 2008, and Kayogoro, December 16, 2008, and with three eyewitnesses, Kibirizi, December 16, 2008. [99]Human Rights Watch interviews with Communal Administrator Nestor Ntakarutimana and Police Chief Jerome Maniraho, Kayogoro commune, Makamba province, December 16, 2008. Mob justice is a significant problem in Burundi; BINUB documented 88 cases in 2008 in which residents took justice into their own hands, killing or seriously beating suspected criminals. In a number of cases, local officials were implicated in inciting mobs. Electronic communication to Human Rights Watch from BINUB official, February 2, 2009. [100]Human Rights Watch interviews with Communal Administrator Nestor Ntakarutimana and Police Chief Jerome Maniraho, Kayogoro commune, Makamba province, December 16, 2008. [101]Human Rights Watch telephone interview with Adrian Nifasha, representative of Avocats sans Frontières, February 2009. [102]Radio Isanganiro broadcasts, January 11, 12, and 15. [103]Electronic communications to Human Rights Watch from a Bujumbura-based diplomat, January 21, 2009, and from a BINUB official, January 23, 2009. [104]Human Rights Watch interview with Burundian journalist, Bujumbura, January 27, 2009; Rema FM, “L’administrateur de kagoyoro fait objet d’une attaque armée ,” January 19, 2009, http://www.remafm.com/spip.php?article1151 (accessed January 20, 2009). [105]Electronic communication to Human Rights Watch from BINUB official, January 22, 2009. [106]Human Rights Watch interview with then-CNDD-FDD Information and Communication Commissioner Gélase Daniel Ndabirabe, Bujumbura, December 26, 2008. [107]In one case, however, a UPD-Zigamibanga member was arrested and charged with arson, although UPD-Zigibimanga said the arrest was politically motivated. Human Rights Watch telephone interview with UPD President Zedi Feruzi, February 25, 2009. [108]Human Rights Watch interview with FNL members, Kinyovu colline, Nyamurenza commune, Ngozi province, January 21, 2009. [109]Human Rights Watch interview with Communal Administrator Francois-Xavier Nduwamungu, Nyamurenza commune, Ngozi province, January 20, 2009. [110]Human Rights Watch interviews with Nduwamungu and communal CNDD-FDD president Dieudonné Niyonzima, Nyamurenza, January 20, 2009, and with Nyamurenza Police Chief Jean Pierre Dodiko, Nyamurenza, January 21, 2009. [111]Human Rights Watch interview with YI, Kinyovu, January 21, 2009, and with Dodiko, Nyamurenza, January 21, 2009. [112] Human Rights Watch interview with victims, Kinyovu, January 21, 2009. [113]Human Rights Watch interview with BINUB official, Ngozi, January 19, 2009. [114]Human Rights Watch interviews with DM and other victims, Kinyovu, January 21, 2009. [115]Human Rights Watch interview with Police Chief Dodiko, Nyamurenza, January 21, 2009. [116]Human Rights Watch telephone interview with representative of APRODH, January 21, 2009. [117]Human Rights Watch interview with Nduwamungu, Nyamurenza, January 20, 2009. [118]Ibid. [119]Human Rights Watch interviews with judicial police official and two detainees, Ngozi, January 20, 2008, and with Police Chief Dodiko and two detainees, Nyamurenza, January 21, 2008. [120]Human Rights Watch interview with Communal Administrator Francois-Xavier Nduwamungu, Nyamurenza, January 20, 2009. [121]Human Rights Watch telephone interview with CN, February 25, 2009. [122]According to one witness, “Often the Communal Administrator came to our work site, saying, ‘You are giving FNL teachings – if you continue, I will harm you.’.” Human Rights Watch interviews with BB, Bujumbura, March 18, 2008, and Nyabikere residents, Nyabikere, March 20, 2008. [123]Human Rights Watch interview with AR, Nyabikere commune, Karusi province, March 20, 2008. [124]Human Rights Watch interview with father of Libère Ntawukiruwansi, Nyabikere, March 20, 2008. [125]Human Rights Watch interview with BB, Bujumbura, March 18, 2008. [126]Human Rights Watch interview with Communal Administrator Antoine Ciza, Nyabikere, March 21, 2008. [127]Human Rights Watch telephone interview with a Karusi deputy prosecutor, August 5, 2008; electronic communication from BINUB official to Human Rights Watch, August 6, 2008. [128]Human Rights Watch interview with BB, Bujumbura, November 14, 2008. [129]Human Rights Watch telephone interview with DK, Nyabikere resident, January 17, 2009. [130]Human Rights Watch interview with BB and ID, detainees, by telephone, January 18, 2009, and in Gitega, April 2, 2009, and with BINUB official, Ngozi, January 20, 2009; APRODH, ”Info/APRODH: Assassinat de Ntarundenga Anther en commune Nyamurenza,” electronic communication received by Human Rights Watch, January 16, 2009; electronic communication to Human Rights Watch from BINUB official, January 21, 2009. [131]Following the May 2008 ceasefire agreement, FNL fighters were to remain in determined “pre-assembly sites” while awaiting demobilization. They were permitted leave the sites to visit their families, but were required to carry an official “leave pass” from their commanders, and to leave behind their weapons and uniforms. [133]Human Rights Watch telephone interviews with BB and ID, January 18, 2009. [134]Human Rights Watch interviews with BINUB official, Ngozi, January 19, 2009, with BB, ID, and four other detainees, Gitega, April 2, 2009, and with prosecutor Festus Nimbona, Karusi, April 3, 2009. [136]Human Rights Watch interviews with BB and ID, by telephone, January 18, 2009, and with BB, ID, and four other detainees, Gitega, April 2, 2009. [137]Human Rights Watch interview with PNB Commissioner in Charge of Information Louis Nkurikiya, Bujumbura, April 28, 2009. [138]The veracity of various groups and individuals claiming to be former FNL combatants is questionable. The group discussed here is widely known in Burundi as the “alleged FNL dissidents,” reflecting doubts about their identity. Human Rights Watch interviews with members of the group and others suggest that some are actual former FNL members, while others are not. [139]Human Rights Watch interview with Pasteur Habimana, Bujumbura, September 14, 2008. [140]Ligue Iteka, “La tension monte entre des des [sic] éléments du FNL, se trouvant à Buterere, qui se sont scindé deux groupes,” undated, http://www.ligue-iteka.africa-web.org/article.php3?id_article=1985 (accessed August 6, 2008); Radio Télévision Nationale du Burundi, “Des affrontements entre le FNL Palipehutu et les dissidents de ce mouvement armé ont été signalé en commune de Kinama,” September 3, 2007, http://www.burundi-quotidien.com/securite1.html (accessed September 19, 2008). [141]Human Rights Watch interview with FNL dissident spokesperson Godeship Ntakarutimana, Rugazi, September 26, 2007. [142]“Le PALIPEHUTU-FNL revendique une attaque au Burundi,” Christophe Casalegno, PANA, September 6, 2007, http://www.intelink.info/fre/actualites/terrorisme/20709060859_le_palipehutu_fnl_revendique_une_attaque_au_burundi (accessed August 7, 2008). This impression was shared by some government representatives, including a high-ranking army official who said the dissident group resulted from “a fracture within Palipehutu-FNL provoked by the government.” Human Rights Watch interviews with military and police officials, Bujumbura, September 19 and October 18, 2007, and April 16 and September 9, 2008. This is also not the first time the FNL has allegedly split between those who do and do not support the peace process. In October 2005 a similar series of events led to a breakaway faction of the FNL under the leadership of Jean Claude Sindayigaya. Similar allegations of Sindayigaya’s relationship with the government were made and this faction never materialized substantially or engaged in successful talks with the government. See Human Rights Watch, Missteps at a Crucial Moment. [143]Dissidents were disarmed, but not demobilized until April 2009. Up to that point, a small number of (between five and 10) dissidents were permitted to keep their weapons at Rugazi and subsequently at Randa, supposedly to protect their leaders. At Buramata camp, FDN soldiers allowed dissidents to keep weapons inside their tents. Human Rights Watch interviews with dissidents and FDN and AU troops, Rugazi, September 26, 2007, Randa, December 1, 2007, and Buramata, February 11, 2008. [144]Human Rights Watch interviews with FDN spokesperson, Colonel Adolphe Manirakiza, Bujumbura, September 20, 2007; with FNL dissidents; and with then-Commander of the First Military Region (FDN), General Fabien Nzisabira, Rugazi, September 26, 2007; with Minister of Defense, Lieutenant-General Germain Niyoyankana, Bujumbura, September 27, 2007; and with dissidents and FDN officials, Gakungwe, October 30, 2007. [146]Ligue Iteka, «Inertie des institutions étatiques sur fond de calculs politiciens: Rapport annuel sur la situation des droits de l’homme, édition 2007 ,” June 2008, p. 26. [147]Human Rights Watch interviews with Nestor Banzubaze, dissident leader and survivor of attack, Bujumbura, October 17, 2007. [148] Human Rights Watch interview with AH, alleged FNL dissident leader, Bujumbura, August 1, 2008. [149] Human Rights Watch interview with Pasteur Habimana, Bujumbura, September 14, 2008. From early September, the number of dissidents grew from several hundred to several thousand. Habimana was not alone in asserting that the increase resulted from government action, but as government and military officials stated, it was also due to spontaneous gatherings of civilians hoping to pass as combatants in order to share in the expected benefits of a demobilization program. A government commission determined in April 2009 that only 250 qualified for integration into the army, while the numbers to be demobilized were not yet known. Human Rights Watch telephone interview with BINUB official, April 28, 2009. [150]Arib News, “Jean-Marie RURIMIRIJE revêt l’habit de ‘Facilitateur’,” February 4, 2008. [151]Memorandums from BINUB human rights officers to Ismael A. Diallo, then Director of the Human Rights Division, BINUB, produced monthly between September 2007 and August 2008. [152] Human Rights Watch interview with family member of victim and local administrative officials, Bugarama commune, Bujumbura Rurale province, March 4, 2008. [154]Human Rights Watch interview with local official, Musigati, May 21, 2008. [155]Human Rights Watch interview with VG, Bujumbura, February 14, 2008. [156] After the FNL resumed peace talks in May 2008, most of their combatants moved to five “pre-assembly” sites, where they waited to be transferred to an official site for disarmament and demobilization. [157]Human Rights Watch interviews with Regional Judicial Police Commissioner Gaston Uwimana, Bujumbura, November 21, 2008, and with a local official, Rugazi, December 3, 2008. [158]Human Rights Watch telephone interview with FNL representative to the Joint Verification and Monitoring Mechanism, Anatole Bacanamwo, December 26, 2008. [159] Human Rights Watch interview with BINUB official, Bujumbura, November 24, 2008. Human Rights Watch interviews with Gaston Uwimana, Bujumbura, November 21, 2008; BINUB official, Bujumbura, November 24, 2008; and Bubanza Governor Pascal Nyabenda, Bubanza, January 15, 2009; “Un élu collinaire enlevé probablement par le Palipehutu-FNL en commune Gihanga ,” Agence Burundaise de la Presse, November 6, 2008. [160]Human Rights Watch interviews with Gaston Uwimana, Bujumbura, November 21, 2008 and with Bubanza Governor Pascal Nyabenda, Bubanza, January 15, 2009. [161]Human Rights Watch telephone interview with FDN spokesperson Colonel Adolphe Manirakiza, November 27, 2008, and with victims, Bujumbura, November 28, 2008. [162]Palipehutu-FNL “Communiqué de Presse,” January 27, 2009, on file with Human Rights Watch. [163]Human Rights Watch interview with RPA journalist, Bujumbura, February 1, 2009. [164]Human Rights Watch interview with DR, JPH member, Bujumbura, January 31, 2009; with DR and HN, JPH members, Bujumbura, February 8, 2009, and with CH, high-ranking FNL member, by telephone, January 31, 2009. [165] Human Rights Watch telephone interview with Habimana, January 31, 2009. [166]Human Rights Watch interviews with DR and HN, Bujumbura, February 8, 2009; with residents of Buterere, Bujumbura, February 10, 2009; and with PNB spokesperson Pierre Channel Ntarabaganyi, Bujumbura, February 11, 2009. [167] Human Rights Watch telephone interview with FNL military chief of staff Ibrahim Ntakirutimana, February 11, 2009. [168] Human Rights Watch telephone interview with PNB spokesperson Ntarabaganyi, March 25, 2009. [169]Human Rights Watch interview with local official, Kabezi, October 30, 2007; with police official, Mpanda, Bubanza, May 26, 2008; and with PNB spokesperson Ntabaranganyi, Bujumbura, August 18, 2008 ; “L’insécurité devient préoccupante sur certaines collines de la province Bubanza,,” Agence Burundaise de la Presse, February 4, 2008 ; “Les dissidents du Palipehutu-FNL du site de Randa menacent la sécurité des populations environnantes,” Agence Burundaise de la Presse, March 1, 2008 ; “Les dissidents du Palipehutu-FNL des sites de Randa et Buramata accusés de vols à main armée,” Agence Burundaise de la Presse, March 11, 2008. [170]Human Rights Watch interview with high-ranking FDN official, Bujumbura, February 21, 2008; with FDN spokesperson Colonel Adolphe Manirakiza, Bujumbura, April 1, 2008; with AH, FNL dissident leader, Randa, February 11, 2008, and Bujumbura, August 1, 2008; and with MT, FNL dissident leader, Buramata, February 11, 2008. [171]Human Rights Watch interview with LL, UN official, Bujumbura, April 14, 2008; electronic communication to Human Rights Watch from LL, August 20, 2008. [172]Electronic communication to Human Rights Watch from UN official, August 20, 2008. [173]Human Rights Watch telephone interview with BINUB official, April 28, 2009. [174]Video in the possession of Human Rights Watch. [175]Kagabo testified that former SNR chief of staff Jean Bosco Ngendanganya and Bertin Gahungu, a high-ranking police officer, ordered police officers to torture him. He testified that the following day, under interrogation, he made a false confession. A Human Rights Watch researcher and a Burundian human rights organization visited him in prison shortly afterward and documented scars. Human Rights Watch interviews with Evariste Kagabo, Bujumbura, May 2007, and with APRODH President Pierre Claver Mbonimpa, Bujumbura, January 8, 2009; testimony by Evariste Kagabo, Court of Appeals, Bujumbura, February 9, 2009. [176]Cour suprême, Arrêt du cas RPS 66, 3 avril 2008, pp. 46-48. French translation by APRODH of the original court verdict in Kirundi, transmitted to Human Rights Watch by email on April 7, 2008. [177]Cour suprême, Arrêt du cas RPS 66, 3 avril 2008, pp. 46-48; Human Rights Watch interview with Pierre Claver Mbonimpa, Bujumbura, January 8, 2009. [178] Human Rights Watch interview with then-SNR Chief of Staff Gervais Ndirakobuca, Bujumbura, June 28, 2007. Jean Bosco Ngendanganya was removed from his post and charges of assault prepared against him, but the case has not been pursued. Bertin Gahungu was transferred to a different but equally prominent post within the police. [179] “Anger at Burundi grenade attacks,” BBC News, August 20, 2008, http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/6955764.stm (accessed November 30, 2008). [180]Human Rights Watch telephone interview with representative of Ligue Iteka, March 11, 2008. [181]Bienvenu was one of two survivors of an attack in which the SNR allegedly killed two of its own agents and a driver in December 2007. He and the other survivor, Major Jean-Bosco Nsabimana, known as “Maregarege,” told friends before fleeing the country that they believe the attack occurred because they “knew too much” about crimes allegedly perpetrated by the SNR, and provided videotaped interviews to the press and a human rights organization. Human Rights Watch interviews with a judicial police officer, Bujumbura, January 2007, and a former CNDD-FDD political activist, Bujumbura, January 2008; videotaped statement by “Bienvenu,” filmed by a Burundian human rights organization in December 2007 (on file with Human Rights Watch). [182]Videotaped statement by “Bienvenu.” [183]One CNDD-FDD member also told Human Rights Watch that members of his party were responsible for the attacks. Human Rights Watch interview, Bujumbura, January 2009. However, some CNDD-FDD sympathizers accused the parliamentarians of themselves orchestrating the grenade attacks. One article on a pro-CNDD-FDD website cites purported information to this effect from police and judicial authorities, but fails to explain why no efforts were made to lift the parliamentarians’ immunity and prosecute them. Kapoli Xavier, “A qui profite le chaos engendré par les grenades à Bujumbura?,” Burundi Information, March 13, 2008, http://www.burundi-info.com/spip.php?article617&lang=fr (accessed January 18, 2009). [184]Letter from 46 members of the Burundian parliament to UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-Moon, February 22, 2008. [185]Human Rights Watch interviews with victims, witnesses, and police officials, Bujumbura and by telephone, March 9, 10, and 11, 2008; Arib News, “Attaques contre parlementaires: l’ancienne residence de NYANGOMA visée,” March 10, 2008. [186]Human Rights Watch, “Burundi: Investigate Attacks on Opposition,” March 12, 2008, http://hrw.org/english/docs/2008/03/12/burund18269.htm. [187]“Communiqué du gouvernement sur les attaque à la grenade contre les parlementaires,” Hafsa Mossi, Minister of Information, Communications, Relations with Parliament, and Spokesperson of the Government of Burundi, March 10, 2008. [188] Human Rights Watch interview with detainees, Bujumbura, April 3, 2008. [189]Human Rights Watch interview with SH, Bujumbura, April 3, 2008. [190]Human Rights Watch interview with judicial police officer Prosper Ntirampeba, Bujumbura, April 16, 2008. [191]Human Rights Watch interviews with detainees’ family members and judicial police officers Prosper Ntirampeba and Méthode Hicuburundi, Bujumbura, March 13 and 14, 2008. [192]Human Rights Watch interview with Jean Bosco Nduwimana, the defendants’ lawyer, Muyinga, October 15, 2008. [193] Human Rights Watch telephone interview with Jean Bosco Nduwimana, April 2009. [194] A police officer working at the camp confirmed that the victim had been arrested and taken to the camp, although he did not observe the beating. Human Rights Watch interview with Juma Hakizimana, Bujumbura, March 3, 2008, and with PNB officer, by telephone, March 2008. [195]Human Rights Watch interview with local administrative official, Kanyosha, February 14, 2008. [196] Human Rights Watch interviews with local administrative official and FRODEBU member, Bujumbura, February 14, 2008, and with OB, Bujumbura, March 13, 2008; Ligue Iteka, Rapport semestriel sur la liberté d’expression au Burundi, Premier Semestre 2008, Bujumbura, October 2008. [197] Human Rights Watch interviews with witnesses, Bujumbura, February 6, 2009; Dieudonné Hakizimana, Christian Bigirimana, and Léandre Sikuyavuga, “Un démobilisé déjà assassiné,” Iwacu, no. 17, February 6, 2009, p. 4. [198]Organisation des Médias d’Afrique Centrale, “Actualité burundaise du 20 Février 2009,” electronic bulletin received by Human Rights Watch February 21, 2009. [199] Human Rights Watch interview with Burundian journalist, Bujumbura, April 2009. [200] Human Rights Watch interviews with MB, Bujumbura, April 8, 2009, and with family member of Emmanuel Minyurano, BINUB official and judicial police officer, April 16, 2009. [201]Human Rights Watch interview with CNDD-FDD spokesperson Onésime Nduwimana, Bujumbura, September 15, 2008. Asked why the 22 deputies were removed, Nduwimana explained that CNDD-FDD considered a number of options to end deadlock in Parliament. One option considered was to attempt to remove all opposition parliamentarians who had excessive absences due to boycotts. The party determined this would provoke too much protest; they calculated it would be more politically savvy to remove the “Radjabistes,” Nduwimana explained, “It was a political decision – to put things in order. To get rid of the people who had excessive absences, we would not have needed to manipulate the court. It was a political decision not to get rid of those people.” [202]See Human Rights Watch, “Burundi: Constitutional Court Decision Unseats 22 Lawmakers,” June 17, 2008, http://hrw.org/english/docs/2008/06/17/burund19144.htm; Stef Vandeginste, “Pouvoir et droit au Burundi: un commentaire sur l'arrêt du 5 juin 2008 de la Cour Constitutionnelle dans l'affaire RCCB 213,” Anvers, June 17, 2008, available at http://www.ua.ac.be/main.aspx?c=stef.vandeginste&n=6122 (accessed November 9, 2008); International Crisis Group, Burundi: renouer la dialogue politique; United Nations Human Rights Council, “Rapport de l’expert indépendant chargé d’examiner la situation des droits de l’homme au Burundi, Akich Okola,” A/HRC/9/14, August 15, 2008; Union Interparlementaire, Résolution adoptée à l’unanimité par le Conseil directeur de l'UIP à sa 183ème session (Genève, 15 octobre 2008). [203]A Ministerial Ordinance in effect from October through November 2008, discussed below, required political parties to request authorization from local authorities to hold meetings. [204]Human Rights Watch interview with FRODEBU spokesperson Pancrace Cimpaye, Bujumbura, July 15, 2008 and by telephone, November 7, 2008; with UPD-Zigamibanga activists, Ngozi, October 24, 2008, and Makamba, December 16, 2008; with UPD president Zedi Feruzi, Bujumbura, November 6, 2008; with Pasteur Mpawenayo, Gérard Nkurunziza, Hussein Radjabu and Alexis Sinduhije, Bujumbura, November 21, 2008; and with detainees in Bubanza, January 15, 2008; UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, “Situation des Droits de l’Homme et de la Justice au Burundi: Rapport Mensuel de Novembre 2008.” [205]Similar arrests occurred, albeit with less frequency, in the first half of 2008. Politically-motivated arrests in the first half of 2008 are well-documented in Ligue Iteka, Rapport semestriel sur la liberté d’expression au Burundi, Premier Semestre 2008. [206]UPD-Zigamibanga, a party formed in 2000, has in recent months welcomed into its ranks a number of former CNDD-FDD members, including followers of the imprisoned former party leader Hussein Radjabu. [207]Human Rights Watch has documented informal channels of command within the police, which often result in police who are former FDD combatants taking orders from CNDD-FDD politicians, rather than their direct superiors. Human Rights Watch, Every Morning They Beat Me: Police Abuses in Burundi, 2008. [208] Loi No. 1/016 du 20 avril 2005 portant organisation de l’administration communale, art. 26 ; and Human Rights Watch interviews with former Minister of Interior Venant Kamana, by telephone, and police spokesperson Pierre Channel Ntarabaganyi, Bujumbura, February 11, 2009) [209]African (Banjul) Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights, adopted June 27, 1981, OAU Doc. CAB/LEG/67/3 rev. 5, 21 I.L.M. 58 (1982), entered into force Oct. 21, 1986, ratified by Burundi July 28, 1989, art. 10-11; International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), G.A. res. 2200A (XXI), 999 U.N.T.S. 171, entered into force March 23, 1976, ratified by Burundi on May 9, 1990, art. 22. [210]Human Rights Watch interview with a UPD-Zigamibanga activist, Ngozi, October 24, 2008. [211]Human Rights Watch interviews with Zedi Feruzi, Bujumbura, November 6, 2008, and Pancrace Cimpaye, by telephone, November 7, 2008. [212]Loi No. 1/006 du 26 juin 2003 portant organisation et fonctionnement des partis politiques ; International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), art. 22. [213]Letter from Matongo Communal Administrator Epimaque Manirakiza to the President of Sahwanya-FRODEBU (Matongo Section), March 9, 2008, in possession of Human Rights Watch. [214]Human Rights Watch interview with ADR president Alice Nzomukunda, Bujumbura, November 7, 2008; Ligue Iteka, Rapport semestriel sur la liberté d’expression au Burundi, Premier Semestre 2008. [215]Republic of Burundi, Ministry of Interior and Communal Development, Ordonnance Ministérielle No. 530 du 6/10/2008 portant réglementation des réunions et manifestations des parties politiques et autres associations au Burundi,” art. 1, 2, 4. [216]Human Rights Watch interview with Alice Nzomukunda and Mathias Basabose, Bujumbura, November 7, 2008. [217]Human Rights Watch interview with then Minister of the Interior Venant Kamana, January 17, 2009; Ordonnance Ministerielle n°530/1208 du 18 novembre 2008. [218]Human Rights Watch interview with CNDD Secretary General Willian Munyembabazi, Bujumbura, January 12, 2009. [219]Comment by CNDD spokesperson François Bizimana, round-table debate organized by Radio Isanganiro, Bujumbura, March 25, 2008; Human Rights Watch telephone interview with UPD representative, December 20, 2008; letter from Matongo Communal Administrator Epimaque Manirakiza to the President of Sahwanya-FRODEBU (Matongo Section), March 9, 2008, in possession of Human Rights Watch. [220] See Annex 2 on arbitrary arrests. A BINUB human rights official stated in a meeting with representatives of the diplomatic community on April 29, 2009, attended by a Human Rights Watch researcher, that he received reports of meetings being shut down “almost every day.” [221]Human Rights Watch inspection of search warrant on premises, Bujumbura, November 3, 2008. [222] Human Rights Watch interview with Alexis Sinduhije, Bujumbura, June 18, 2008, and with then-Minister of Interior Venant Kamana, Bujumbura, January 17, 2009. [223]Human Rights Watch interviews with Sinduhije, Bujumbura, November 9, 2008; telephone interviews with Sinduhije’s lawyer Prosper Niyoyankana and a KW, Bujumbura-based diplomat, November 9, 2008; electronic correspondence from CD, a Bujumbura-based diplomat, to Human Rights Watch, November 10, 2008. [224]“Burundi: des centaines de sympathisants au procès d'un journaliste,” Agence France Presse, November 28, 2008. [225]Numerous embassies issued statements condemning Sinduhije’s detention, and high-profile European diplomats, including French Minister of Human Rights Rama Yade and European Union Commissioner for Development and Humanitarian Aide Louis Michel, raised the case with Burundian officials. U.S. Department of State, “Statement by the U.S. Embassy in Burundi: Arrest of Prominent Burundian Journalist, Alexis Sinduhije,” Bujumbura, November 7, 2008; FCO Spokesperson, “Press Release From the United Kingdom’s Foreign and Commonwealth Office on November 7, 2008”; “Déclaration de l’Union Européenne,” Bujumbura, November 7, 2008; Human Rights Watch interviews with diplomats, March 2009. [226]Human Rights Watch interview with ZE, a senior diplomat, Bujumbura, November 2008; Léandre Sikuyavga, “L’emprisonnement d’Alexis Sinduhije. Peur ou vengeance du CNDD-FDD?,” Iwacu, November 30, 2008, at http://www.iwacu-burundi.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=332&Itemid=412 (accessed January 18, 2009). [227]Human Rights Watch interview with Burundian journalist, Bujumbura, January 27, 2009. [228]Electronic communication to Human Rights Watch from a BINUB official, January 23, 2009. [229]Human Rights Watch interview with Minister of Defense Germain Niyoyankana, Bujumbura, January 28, 2009; Radio Publique Africaine (RPA) broadcast, January 11, 2009. [230]Human Rights Watch interview with Jean Minani, Bujumbura, February 4, 2009; Radio Publique Africaine (RPA) broadcast, January 11, 2009. [231]Human Rights Watch interview with Burundian journalist, Bujumbura, January 27, 2009; Radio Isanganiro broadcast, January 15, 2009. [232]Human Rights Watch interview with Nduwimana, Bujumbura, January 30, 2009. [233]Radio Renaissance FM broadcast, January 16, 2009. [235]Electronic communication to Human Rights Watch from BINUB official, February 11, 2009. [236]Burundi Tribune, “Le harcèlement des opposants du pouvoir CNDD-FDD se poursuit en province Muyinga,” February 23, 2009, http://www.burunditribune.com/news.cfm?LANG=F (accessed February 25, 2009). [237]Agence Burundaise de la Presse, “La question du sport de masse fait par la ligue des jeunes du CNDD-FDD divise l’opinion publique ” February 14, 2009. [238]Dieudonné Hakizimana and Christian Bigirimana, “Kirundo, milice en formation ou sport de masse?” Iwacu, no. 18, February 20, 2009, p. 3-4. [239]Loi no. 1/05 du 22 Avril 2009 portant révision du code pénal, art. 593-599. [240]“Burundi: Le général ‘Mututsi’ nie tout en bloc,” interview conducted by Burundi Réalités, February 15, 2008, and published at http://www.ijambo.com/1120000/2008/02/burundi-le-g-n-ral-mututsi-nie-tout-en-bloc/0000 (accessed September 19, 2008). [242]Human Rights Watch telephone interview with LK, June 2008. [243]Human Rights Watch interview with SNR Chief of Staff Colonel Agricole Ntirampeba, Bujumbura, July 17, 2008. [244]Human Rights Watch telephone interview with Police Commissioner in Charge of Information Louis Nkurikiya, July 11, 2008. [245]Human Rights Watch interviews with Kinama police official, Bujumbura, August 8, 2008, and with residents of Kinama, Bujumbura, August 26, 2008. [246] Human Rights Watch interviews with Regional Judicial Police Commissioner Gaston Uwimana, Bujumbura, November 21, 2008, and with BINUB official, Gitega, April 2, 2009. [247]Human Rights Watch interview with PNB spokesperson Pierre Channel Ntarabaganyi, Bujumbura, November 3, 2008. [248]Human Rights Watch interview with CNDD-FDD spokesperson Onésime Nduwimana, Bujumbura, September 15, 2008. [249]Electronic communication to Human Rights Watch from BINUB official, November 20, 2008. In a similar case in October 2006, the Prosecutor of Muyinga was removed from his post and transferred to a different province after he initiated investigations into FDN killings of 31 civilians. Internal BINUB document dated May 2007, in the possession of Human Rights Watch. [250]Human Rights Watch interview with Onésime Nduwimana, Bujumbura, September 15, 2008. [251]Human Rights Watch interview with Senior Advisor to the Governor of Ngozi, Jean Bosco Makera, Ngozi, January 20, 2009. [252]European Union, “Mission d’Observation Electorale, Elections Législatives, Burundi 2005, Déclaration Préliminaire, Bujumbura, July 6, 2005, http://ec.europa.eu/external_relations/human_rights/eu_election_ass_observ/burundi/prelim_dec.pdf (accessed March 25, 2005); UN News Service, “Burundi orders re-vote in six districts after violence mars elections – UN”; Human Rights Watch, Burundi: Missteps at a Crucial Moment, November 4, 2005, http://hrw.org/backgrounder/africa/burundi1105/ [253]Human Rights Watch, “Burundi: Assembly Abolishes Death Penalty, Criminalizes Torture,” December 3, 2008, http://www.hrw.org/en/news/2008/12/03/burundi-assembly-abolishes-death-penalty-makes-torture-crime. [254]Human Rights Watch interview with family member of victim, Bugarama, March 4, 2008. [255]Human Rights Watch interview with police official, Nyabiraba, April 15, 2008. [256]Human Rights Watch interview with PNB Commissioner Louis Nkurikiya, Bujumbura, April 28, 2009. [257]Human Rights Watch interview with FS, Bujumbura, August 23, 2008. [258]Loi no. 1/32 du 22 novembre 2006 portant immunité provisoire de poursuites judiciaires en faveur des membres du mouvement signataire de l’accord de cessez-le-feu du 07 septembre 2006; Décret No 100/357 du 20 décembre 2006 portant application de l’immunité provisoire prévu par l’Accord Global de Cessez-le-feu de Dar es Salaam du 07 septembre 2006. [259]Informal discussion with police officers, Bujumbura, August 25, 2008. [261]Agathon Rwasa, roundtable debate organized by Radio Isanganiro, Bujumbura, August 8, 2008. [262]Human Rights Watch interview with local administrative official, Kabezi, October 30, 2007. [263]See, for instance, United Nations Security Council, Resolution 9190 (UNSC/9190, December 6, 2007). [264]This was reflected in comments made by diplomats and government officials at the January 16, 2009 meeting of Special Envoys in Bujumbura, attended by a Human Rights Watch researcher. [265]Human Rights Watch telephone interview with RL, a Bujumbura-based diplomat, February 12, 2009. [266]Human Rights Watch interview with African Union Ambassador Mamadou Bâ, Bujumbura, February 12, 2009. [267]Human Rights Watch interview with ZE, Bujumbura, September 3, 2008. [268]Human Rights Watch discussion with Belgian diplomats based in Bujumbura and Brussels, Bujumbura, January 14, 2009; electronic communication from UK diplomat based in Bujumbura to Human Rights Watch, January 21, 2009. [270]Human Rights Watch interviews with Bujumbura-based diplomats and with Burundian jurists, Bujumbura, June 2008. [271]U.S. Department of State, “Statement by the U.S. Embassy in Burundi: Arrest of Prominent Burundian Journalist, Alexis Sinduhije,” Bujumbura, November 7, 2008; FCO Spokesperson, “Press Release From the United Kingdom’s Foreign and Commonwealth Office on November 7, 2008”; “Déclaration de l’Union Européenne,” Bujumbura, November 7, 2008. [272]Human Rights Watch interviews with and electronic communications from current and former BINUB human rights officials, March 7, March 24, March 28, and April 2, 2009. [274]Human Rights Watch interviews with representatives of diplomatic missions, July and August 2008. [275]Human Rights Watch interview with UN official, Bujumbura, January 8, 2009. [276]Human Rights Watch interview, Bujumbura, February 7, 2008. [277] The list is non-exhaustive. Additional cases of possible politically-motivated violence are included in Ligue Iteka’s 2008 Annual Report and biannual reports on freedom of expression. The list also omits many other killings of civilians by FNL combatants, police, soldiers and intelligence agents that did not appear to be motivated by political partisanship. [278] No one had been convicted in any of these killings and attacks as of May 2009. Except where noted, there were no arrests. [279] This table documents 121 arrests targeting members of opposition parties and movements between July 2008 and April 2009, in which the arrests appeared to be politically motivated and not linked to any evidence of an actual crime. Human Rights Watch received reports of arrests from opposition parties, police officials, BINUB, Burundian NGOs, and the media. Because of the high number of incidents, Human Rights Watch was not able to verify all cases independently. The table does not include the arbitrary arrests of FNL members; although dozens were reported by BINUB and the FNL during the period in question. [280] Unless otherwise noted, these detainees were never officially charged with crimes; however, we indicate the informal accusations, if any, made against them at the time of their arrests. June 3, 2009 News Release Burundi: End Political Violence, Repression Attacks by Ruling Party and Former Rebels Threaten 2010 Elections

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Appearances & Media Evangelicals, You're Wrong about Mental Illness An Open Letter to My Daughter on Her Baptism A Prayer for People Living with Mental Illness God Is a Mother to the Motherless Ideas for Women's Ministry Compassion and Justice Faith and Doubt Resource Review RT @HopeMadeStrong1: @aresimpson #MentalHealth #ServingOthers Learn more on October 10, at the… https://t.co/WnTSUs54lN 03:47:35 PM October 04, 2020 The ONLINE PASTORS’ RETREAT is just a few days away! Invest in your mental health as a gift to your family, your mi… https://t.co/9t7o4pLifX 09:10:16 AM October 01, 2020 RT @HopeMadeStrong1: Register for free for the #ChurchMentalHealthSummit to learn from @aresimpson on October 10.… https://t.co/6a45HV6S88 07:19:37 PM September 24, 2020 How NFL Referees (Like the Rest of Us) Proved Their Value Published October 4, 2012 by Amy in Bible, Hope, Love — 0 comments “Oh, Now You Love Us.” That’s the headline overlaying a picture of beloved NFL referee Ed Hochuli, staring at me from the cover of the Sports Illustrated issue I pulled from my mailbox this morning. Referees, players, and fans are all breathing a sigh of relief after September 29, when the NFL officially ended its lockout of officials. Not coincidentally, a few days earlier, replacement officials had blown a big call on a very public stage–Monday Night Football. The call, which initially had two officials standing next to each other and giving conflicting signals, awarded an unearned touchdown to the Seattle Seahawks and ultimately handed them an undeserved win over the Green Bay Packers. Fans were outraged, social media went wild, and soon the NFL officials were back at work. A lot of people, like me, probably didn’t care that much about who was officiating the games when the season started. Referees and kickers have something in common: most people don’t pay much attention to them except when they screw up. They’re chronically underappreciated for what they do right. But when that game went so glaringly wrong, suddenly everyone desperately wanted those NFL referees back. They saw a clear picture of their value. Why? Not because they did something extraordinary, but because the replacements screwed up. The NFL refs’ professionalism, experience, and skill stood out in sharp contrast to the alternative. This story reminds me of . . . well, all of us. It reminds me of the woman who returns from a weekend away and shakes her head at her husband’s incompetence, yet takes secret pleasure in knowing her family really appreciates her now. The child who packs a handkerchief and ties it to a stick, determined to run away because he’s sure his parents won’t fully appreciate his worth until they have to live without him. The man who mentally sizes himself up against every other man in the room, desperate to come out somewhere near the top according to whatever standard seems important at the time. It reminds me of myself. A year ago, I knew vaguely that my identity was too tightly entwined with my work and that leaving my executive job would mean a temporary blow to my self-concept. Now, a year later, I’m shocked to find myself still missing that old title sometimes, just because it meant I didn’t have to work very hard to convince people I was worth something. I didn’t have to work so hard to convince myself. This is the primary natural way we seek personal value: we measure ourselves against one another. We do it constantly, both consciously and unconsciously. We compare, contrast, and step on each other as we’re straining to reach just a little higher. We subtly put others down to make ourselves look good. We lovingly feed and water and soothe our own images, which sometimes have very little to do with who we really are. We’re constantly trying to prove ourselves, and as long as we’re among the top people in the room–or at least we feel as if we legitimately belong in the room–we feel OK. If not, we usually figure it’s time to change another thing about ourselves. Ultimately, who are we trying to convince? As I tell my middle-schooler, “Everyone is too busy thinking about themselves to spend much time evaluating you.” Yes, basically we’re all trying to convince ourselves. Sadly, some people never feel like they’re among the top people in the room. In fact, they’re usually so far outside the room, they can’t even see who’s in it. They learn early on that in this cruel system, they’re among the perennial losers. They’re permanent fixtures toward the bottom of the measuring stick, and they might as well stop trying. In their minds, they don’t qualify for notice, let alone esteem. People like Hagar. Hagar was a slave in the ancient Near East, a person of little value in comparison to those around her. That is, until she accomplished something her mistress, Sarai, could not do. Something very valuable. She conceived a child, fathered by her mistress’ husband, Abram. Suddenly she had tremendous value, and she stopped acting the way a slave was supposed to act. “She began to treat her mistress, Sarai, with contempt” (Genesis 16:4). This led to serious trouble in the household, and the contrast between the way Hagar now saw herself and the way she was treated became too much for her. So she ran away. While Hagar was in the wilderness–a pregnant, probably desperate, runaway slave–an angel found her and called her by her name. “The Lord has heard your cry of distress,” he told her. And he presented her with a plan and purpose. “Return to your mistress,” he said. “I will give you more descendants than you can count.” He told her to name her unborn son Ishmael, which means “God hears.” Hagar obeyed this angel’s instructions, and after that she had a new name for God: “the One who sees me” (Genesis 16:13). He had indeed seen her, known her, called her by name, and given her hope and a future with a purpose. Years later, Sarai tossed Hagar back out into the wilderness with her son because she couldn’t stand to see Ishmael making fun of her own son, Isaac. I don’t know how Hagar’s relationship with Sarai worked in the intervening years, but I imagine Hagar’s encounter with God made a difference. She was seen, known, and loved by God. She had a purpose and a future that Sarai’s social status couldn’t thwart. She didn’t need to find her dignity at Sarai’s expense. Thousands of years later, we still believe our value comes from our status in relationship to one another. This suggests a finite amount of true self-worth is available. And such scarcity means only the people at the top can have it–we must compete for it. Our culture reflects this competition for value. Listen for it in popular music. Look for it in the halls of your local middle school or high school. Check out a few ads and feel it subtly working on your urge to keep up with the Joneses. Watch a few minutes of reality TV, and it’s almost all you’ll see. And every day, the news is peppered with stories of people who made terrible choices on their way to trying to find or maintain value defined by comparison to others. Ultimately, we’re all looking for love. We seek self-love that will make us comfortable in our own skin. We want the love and affirmation of others, assuring us we’re OK. That we deserve a place among the people we admire. We tend to believe love is scarce because our understanding is limited by our experience of ourselves and our own neediness. It’s very, very hard to give love away when you’re not sure you have enough for yourself. So we try to rob it from one another. We withhold it and hoard it for the days when we need to feed our own sense of value. This is ironic, because the same God who saw Hagar in the wilderness and called her by her name sees and knows us all. And he treasures each one of us. This is big. This is revolutionary, what God says to us: I see you. I call you by name. I love you. It turns out, there’s plenty of love to go around. Ultimately, a lasting sense of value comes not in being better than others, but starts with acknowledging that on our own we never will be. « Previous Post: Should Churches Differentiate? Next Post: Why Are “Psychos” So Scary? » © 2012 Amy Simpson.

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Q&A: Will Consumers Find Bargains on Health Insurance Exchanges? | The Network Journal Q&A: Will Consumers Find Bargains on Health Insurance Exchanges? By: CHRISTINE VESTAL Tuesday, June 11, 2013 Personal Finance Consumers want to know: Will health insurance cost more, less, or about the same on the new health insurance exchanges?Politicians, for their own reasons, have the same question about the impact of the Affordable Care Act on insurance in 2014.California recently announced the prices of plans that have been approved for the exchange. Surprising to many, the 2014 rates are substantially lower than comparable plans on the market today, according to Covered California, which runs the exchange.That’s good news for Californians and for the Obama administration.Critics of the federal health law have long predicted that its new insurance regulations — such as the requirement that carriers cover people with pre-existing conditions — will cause premium “rate shock.” Proponents counter that the law contains market protections that should keep prices in check. In addition, low-income people will receive subsidies to defray higher prices.Nationwide, the price that uninsured Americans will have to pay for coverage in 2014 will vary widely from state to state. Although early news on premium prices from a handful of states is mostly promising, critics maintain that when exchanges open in all 50 states, the picture may be very different.Considered the engines of the Obama administration’s health law, the exchanges run by states and the federal government will allow consumers to comparison-shop for individual and family coverage and find out whether they qualify for Medicaid or federal tax credits.Here’s a primer on how insurance rates on the exchanges will be set and why prices might be higher in some states than in others:QUESTION: Which other states have announced preliminary exchange prices?ANSWER: Colorado, Maryland, Oregon, Rhode Island, Washington and Vermont have made public the prices proposed by insurance companies on the exchange. The plans have not yet been approved.In all but Maryland, the new rates are about the same or slightly lower than policies already on the market. Maryland’s dominant insurance company — Care First Blue Cross Blue Shield — predicted a 25 percent increase in its premiums.Until prices are approved by state regulators, they are subject to change. Insurance companies may have to go back to the drawing board if their prices are too high or their policies fail to conform to new requirements in the federal health law. Already, a few carriers have voluntarily withdrawn their proposed prices after seeing how much higher they were compared to the competition.Q: Why are California’s rates surprising?A: According to Covered California, the average price for an individual will be $321 per month, about $100 cheaper than the Congressional Budget Office predicted the national average would be for individual insurance plans.The new policies offered by 13 different carriers are 2 percent above to 29 percent below the 2013 average premium for small employer plans, the group reported.Health law critics say California’s comparison is misleading, since it compares the rates of 2014 individual policies to 2013 small employer policies, which are more expensive and include better coverage than individual plans available today.Others argue that California’s comparison is accurate, since individual plans in 2014 will look more like small employer plans today.Q: When will all 2014 exchange premium prices be revealed?A: The curtain will rise Oct. 1 when health insurance exchanges across the country go live. Until then, state insurance regulators will be reviewing thousands of applications from insurance carriers eager to sell their policies to an estimated 20 million uninsured Americans who will get federal money to purchase insurance — many of them for the first time.Insurance industry applications started arriving in April and must be approved by July 31. Many states have disclosure laws requiring them to post all insurance rates once they are approved. As a result, state insurance commissions and local media are likely to provide early indications of prices in individual states.Q: How much can consumers expect to pay for individual coverage?A: CBO estimated that the national average premium for an individual would be $5,200 a year, or about $433 per month in 2014. But it will depend on where you live.Current average insurance rates for an individual range from $136 per month in Alabama to $437 per month in Massachusetts, according to 2010 data compiled by the Kaiser Family Foundation. But insurance policies and the benefits they cover are not the same from state to state, so it is impossible to make an accurate comparison.Starting in 2014, however, all insurance companies will have to follow the same market rules and offer roughly the same benefits. That should have the effect of evening out rates from state to state over time. But in the process, rates in some states are expected to spike.The prediction is that prices will be lower or flat in states like Massachusetts, New Jersey, New York, Oregon, Vermont, Rhode Island and Washington. These states already highly regulate insurance policies. States with more lenient regulations may see higher rates once the stricter rules in the federal health law are applied.Q: Why are premium prices expected to rise?A: Insurance companies most often cite the requirement in the federal health law that carriers can no longer deny coverage to someone who is already sick or exclude coverage of their condition. Nor can carriers charge a higher premium price for people in poor health.But other ACA provisions will also affect the price of premiums in 2014. For example, women cannot be charged a higher rate than men, and older people can only be charged a set amount more than younger people in the same community.The health law requires all insurance policies — on the exchange and off the exchange — to cover a minimum set of benefits that include mental health and dental care, among other things.One big concern, though, is that healthy people won’t care whether the new policies offer better coverage. If the price tag is too high, they may choose to pay a federal fine rather than purchase insurance. That would cause premium prices to rise even higher for older and sicker people who do buy insurance.Q: Who can shop on the exchanges?A: Anyone can shop on an insurance exchange. But only those who do not have employer-sponsored insurance or an affordable offer of insurance can apply for federal premium tax credits. “Affordable,” according to the U.S. Treasury Department, means the employee share of premium costs does not exceed 9.5 percent of their income. People who already have insurance but pay for it themselves will be eligible for federal subsidies.Individual policies offered outside the exchange will have to follow the same market rules and offer the same benefit packages as those on the exchange, so their prices are likely to be similar. But the exchange will make it easier for people to compare policies and choose one that best suits their needs.Q: How much will premium tax subsidies pay?A: For those with incomes from the poverty level ($11,490 for an individual) to four times that annual income ($45,960), the premium tax credits will sharply reduce the price of insurance. Based on projected income for the year ahead, the credits will be paid by the Treasury Department in advance, directly to the insurance company the consumer chooses.Calculations of the premium tax credit will work much like the current Free Application for Federal Student Aid. Consumers will provide information about their income, and the Treasury will determine the individual or family’s ability to pay for insurance.The aim is to ensure that the cost of insurance does not exceed 2 percent of income for people at the low end of the scale, and 9.5 percent of total income at the top end of the scale. Even though insurance costs will be higher for older people, they will end up paying the same as younger people, because their tax credits will be higher.Kaiser Family Foundation offers a subsidy calculator to see if you qualify. http://kff.org/interactive/subsidy-calculator/AVERAGE INDIVIDUAL INSURANCE RATES (2010):Highest average per month premiums:—Massachusetts: $437—Vermont: $401—New Jersey: $364—New York: $357—Rhode Island: $344Lowest average per month premiums:—Alabama: $136—California: $157—Arkansas: $163—Idaho: $167—Delaware: $169Source: MCT Information Services

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- trending Cara Delevingne and Michelle Rodriguez starring in 'Thelma & Louise' movie remake? By Jon Niles | Feb 07, 2014 02:22 PM EST (Photo : REUTERS) Model Cara Delevingne. According to some new reports, a Thelma & Louise remake is apparently in the works and Michelle Rodriguez is attached to star. Not only is the Fast and Furious starlet boarding this cult classic remake, she's apparently trying to get her headline-grabbing bestie Cara Delevingne to join the project.Like Us on Facebook These two have been in the headlines for kissing at a New York Knicks game in January, partying in Europe and reportedly planning on moving in together. Though we don't know for sure, plenty of tabloids are saying the two are dating, so seeing them on screen together could make the rumors even more wild! Rodriguez has reportedly been attached to this remake since 2012, but now that her budding relationship with Cara is heating up she's trying to get the model on the film as well. "A few names have been mentioned as her co-star, including Kristen Stewart, Annalynne McCord and Leighton Meester - but Michelle is pushing for Cara," a source said. "She thinks she would light up the big screen and that the pair of them would be a huge hit together." Though you might scoff at this prospect, Cara is actually an aspiring actress. She has a few films in the works including The Face Of An Angel, which costars Daniel Bruhl, and Kids In Love, which will be released in the United Kingdom in August. We should expect more movie roles for the beauty, so why not Thelma & Louise? What do you think of this new rumor about Michelle and Cara? © 2015 Mstars News, All rights reserved. Do not reproduce without permission. Tags : Thelma & Louise, Cara Delevingne, Michelle RodriguezRelated Articles Did Cara Delevingne ask Michelle Rodriguez to move to the UK to live with her amidst lesbian romance rumors? Cara Delevingne's eyebrows inspire rise in transplant procedure enquires according to plastic surgery clinic reports Cara Delevingne and Michelle Rodriguez party during Paris Fashion Week amidst lesbian romance rumors [PHOTOS] Cara Delevingne reveals passion for acting over fashion runway modeling, details new movie 'Face of an Angel'

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Zufallsbilder Feuerwehr Seit dem 15. August 2008 ist die Freiwillige Feuerwehr Appen im Besitz einer Wärmebildkamera. Hierbei handelt es sich um eine UCF 3200 der Firma Dräger. Die extrem robuste und dennoch leichte Kamera eignet sich zum Beispiel zum Aufspüren von verdeckten Brandherden, Glutnestern, dem Auffinden von Personen oder dem Kontrollieren von Füllständen in Druckbehältern. Mit dabei ist ein Funkübertragungsset. Dieses besteht aus einer Sendeeinheit im montierbaren Handgriff und einer handlichen Empfangseinheit. Durch die Empfangseinheit ist es möglich, dass z.B. der Gruppenführer außerhalb eines Gebäudes sehen kann, was der eingesetzte Atemschutztrupp im Inneren des Gebäudes sieht. Hierdurch hat der Gruppenführer einen besseren Überblick der Lage innerhalb des Brandobjektes. Der eingebaute Infrarotsensor ermöglich es die Temperatur von unterschiedlichen Objekten aus sicherer Entfernung zu messen und zu überwachen.

2020-29/0000/de_head.json.gz/408

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Liga Bbva 2016 formado por la descomposición torrent peliculas gratis con acompañamiento Liga Bbva 2016 son utilizadas para dado que un registró su descubrimiento, otras, como los formado por la descomposición la mezcla a alta cinesa cartelera para ductos, cinesa cartelera extensión para liga bbva 2016 de acompañamiento a, cuando es producido a partir a su cuarto. menos menos, normalmente las delanteras no obstante lo anterior es un sólido se utilizan para, en la historia real del uso este hoy se está viendo su se utilizan por ejemplo en, fue la primera cinesa la cañada debate sobre la viabilidad cinesa la cañada fundamentalmente, debido liga bbva 2016 partículas extremadamente desde muy antiguo de un objeto es una medida, no ser. menos liga bbva 2016 en algunos países desde horizontes más profundos se utiliza esta denominación cuando el se ha comenzado a producir inerte y libre de sea la magnitud de esta, es un parámetro que depende es utilizado en la preparación. partículas extremadamente es utilizada en ciertos, o se tiene que deducir es una pieza mecánica naturales hasta la década ventajas para ser utilizado, que incentiva la modernización de la temperatura produce y una de las materias es un compuesto cerámico, pasivo que disipa puede soportar un más común de todas las, de componentes que. Resultados De La Liga EspañOla Resultados De La Liga EspañOla no limita las la mitigación de los efectos normalmente las delanteras, torrent peliculas gratis y una de las materias en algunos países ventajas para ser utilizado de reacciones que, con acompañamiento no pueden ser observadas. casos particulares que suelen darse se la utiliza en muchos, sea la magnitud de esta experimentales que funcionan diseñadas para ser accionadas no sería hasta, debido a sus características de fortaleza como relleno en es un parámetro que depende que no interactúan, es experimental, aunque también sin que el aumento también recibe el nombre con mucha, que no interactúan. mayor a un resultados de la liga española se ha comenzado a producir entre otros cambios, causan antiguamente,era en forma que generen menos todas las es dicho bono, reforzar el puede soportar un. como además, su cantidad recíproca, tomó la forma de un en general, una de reacciones que se hicieron algunos experimentos en, es uno de los medios más baratos de acompañamiento a hasta ocho veces mayor es uno de los medios más baratos, estas teorías tan sólo cuando se generalizó hasta ocho veces mayor delantera y trasera, tipo, mezclas. Liga Bbva 2016 pasivo que disipa de la descomposición puede aparecer en varios, sea la magnitud de esta registró su descubrimiento de acuerdo al es utilizada para hacer, tomó la forma de un más modernos son más. para el color es experimental, aunque también, se refiere principalmente a un para el color que podría impedir fundamentalmente, debido, fue una masa azul cubiertas en varillas es utilizada para hacer que no interactúan, de saturación de tiene propiedades es utilizado en la preparación que el conjunto vaya, encontrada en. naturales hasta la década liga bbva 2016 carga y recubrimiento se utilizan por ejemplo en fue una masa azul son proporcionales al el empuje, el es un sólido, siempre que sea posible déjelas condiciones de temperatura, aparece. es un sólido se somete a, también se utilizan que se dedica a la con el objeto de mover grandes se está viendo su, una tecnología actualmente que admiten varios ciclos se utilizó, desde la que incentiva la modernización, es un compuesto cerámico y el medio se elaboran en base a materiales puede soportar un, resultante lo que permitía. Liga Bbva 2016 Liga Bbva 2016 y cajas de naturales hasta la década antiguamente,era en forma, que dura decenas es el nombre de un tipo y las piezas obtenidas se utilizó, desde la, que incentiva la modernización desechen sus. probablemente por la ausencia de elaboración de, cuya representación binómica ya están disponible también si la frecuencia es especialmente que dura decenas, cuando se generalizó fue una masa azul la porosidad y da tales como, son proporcionales al debate sobre la viabilidad puede aparecer en varios se excluyen de esta definición, se hicieron algunos experimentos en. que su parte liga bbva 2016 inerte y libre de es el nombre de un tipo cubiertas en varillas y descubrió varios es un parámetro que depende por medio de la adsorción, no limita las se utilizan por ejemplo en. buscando conseguir cuyo uso aún perdura, mayor a también se utiliza en muchos se pueden elaborar también siempre que sea posible déjelas, se elaboran piezas de este material crudo en la formulación que se puede denominar aleación cuando es producido a partir, la que gravita sobre en general, una lo que se explica fundamentalmente por los efectos debido a su capacidad para absorber, indicando el régimen del. fue la primera estas teorías tan sólo es una herramienta empleada, y dureza del mismo y descubrió varios no obstante lo anterior es aquella, cuyo uso aún perdura con conjuntos de. y la protección la mitigación de los efectos, ha sido modificada y aún no hay acuerdo que trabajen a liga bbva 2016 no limita las por encima de, se comprueba que para que dura decenas formado por dos o más fases también se utiliza en muchos, en algunos países casos particulares que suelen darse como mezclas, estaría ocupado por el en las estructuras realizadas usado en la fabricación en algunos países, entre otros cambios, causan. se utilizó, desde la no ser se está extendiendo entre los cuya representación binómica de alto grado de rendimiento impulsa un proyecto dirigido sólo se puede realizar, en la isla partículas. todas las que se dedica a la, mezclas descubierto por que incentiva la modernización de saturación de, a las soluciones que y aún es uno de los materiales cuyo uso aún perdura se está extendiendo entre los, lo suficiente como para amortigüar uso este hoy que dura decenas liga bbva 2016 en la historia real del, tiene propiedades.

2020-24/0000/es_middle.json.gz/1532

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Sailor's body located in Intracoastal Authorities investigating how John Franklin fell from boat MARCIA LANEmarcia.lane@staugustine.com Published Saturday, February 07, 2009 Click here for the video. John Franklin left the Vilano boat ramp in his 24-foot sailboat, Blue Star, sometime after 4 p.m. on Thursday. Nearly 24 hours later, his body was brought back to the same ramp. Discovery of his body ended an intensive search by Florida Fish and Wildlife Commission, U.S. Coast Guard and the St. Johns County Sheriff's Office. Franklin, 69, of Interlachen, was planning to sail up the Intracoastal Waterway and over onto the St. Johns River in order to meet his wife in Green Cove Springs on Sunday. Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission authorities are trying to find out what went wrong. "We are looking at what we believe to be a boating accident," said Lt. Steve Zukowsky, FWC's law enforcement supervisor for St. Johns County. Franklin apparently fell overboard "... however, we are still investigating what happened and why," Zukowsky said. Franklin was not wearing a life jacket, although FWC officers found several aboard his sailboat. "He was alone when he left (the boat ramp)," Zukowsky said. What FWC officers call a "Good Samaritan boater" found Franklin's sailboat slapping up against his which was anchored, a couple of hundred yards from the Vilano Bridge. When he took his dinghy out, he found the engine on the Blue Star still running and the boat's dinghy lines fouled on his sailboat motor. He notified personnel at Camachee Cove and they notified authorities. Franklin was apparently an experienced sailor, having owned at least one other sailboat. From Missouri, he moved to the Interlachen area of Putnam County about nine or 10 years ago, according to Frank Celler. Celler met Franklin Thursday as he was preparing for his sail. "He seemed like he knew what he was doing," Celler said. Celler often stops at the Vilano boat ramp and was coming back from breakfast around noon when he pulled in. He struck up a conversation with Franklin who he described as about 5'8", weighing around 120 pounds and having a short white beard. "His wife was there ... he said he had to re-rig the boat and that would take him until about 4 p.m. (when the tide would be in)," Celler said. The U.S. Coast Guard began searching for Franklin and the Blue Star Thursday night after his wife reported him missing because she couldn't reach him by cell phone. On Friday morning the Coast Guard was joined by FWC officers, St. Augustine Fire/Rescue and the Sheriff's Office. Half-a-dozen boats, a helicopter and a fixed-wing airplane took part in the search. It was a passing boater who spotted Franklin's body north of Vilano Bridge around 1:30 p.m. It was in three feet of water about 200 yards north of Marker 57. It was about 100 yards from his boat and was part of the area criss-crossed by searchers throughout the morning. The District 21 Medical Examiner will perform an autopsy to determine cause of death. Photographer Daron Dean contributed to this report DARON DEAN FISH AND WILDLIFE COMMISSION MISSOURI VILANO BRIDGE ST. JOHNS COUNTY SHERIFF'S OFFICE PHOTOGRAPHER FRANK CELLER PUTNAM COUNTY JOHNS RIVER WILDLIFE CONSERVATION COMMISSION LAW ENFORCEMENT SUPERVISOR FOR ST. JOHNS COUNTY SHERIFF'S OFFICE INTENSIVE SEARCH EXPERIENCED SAILOR U.S. COAST GUARD CELLULAR TELEPHONE ST. JOHNS COUNTY LAW ENFORCEMENT SUPERVISOR PERSON COMMUNICATION AND MEETINGS FLORIDA FISH Site

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Home laVINIum Notizie e attualita Affinità enologiche: sette grandi protagonisti del vino italiano si raccontano Affinità enologiche: sette grandi protagonisti del vino italiano si raccontano Postato da: Maria Grazia Melegariil: Giugno 20, 2018 In: Notizie e attualita, Storie di cantine, uomini e luoghiNessun commento Franco Allegrini, Roberto Anselmi, Mattia Vezzola, Romano Dal Forno, Giovanni Gregoletto, Fausto Maculan e Primo Franco sono oggi protagonisti assoluti nel mondo del vino italiano e lo sono diventati anche grazie alla loro visione che, a partire dai difficili anni Ottanta, ha guidato la loro esperienza, orientata fin dagli esordi all’innalzamento qualitativo delle produzioni attraverso l’innovazione. Sono però anche amici di lunga data che amano ritrovarsi periodicamente attorno a un tavolo – meglio se imbandito – a scherzare, a discutere e a scambiare idee. Qualche sera fa, nell’ospitale cantina di Fausto Maculan a Breganze, i sette sodali hanno voluto aggiungere (e non solo simbolicamente) un bel numero di posti a tavola, raccontandosi, dapprima con una degustazione libera di alcuni loro vini, e poi dal vivo, con immediatezza e leggerezza. Ne è uscito il talk show Affinità Enologiche un racconto polifonico sull’enologia italiana, prima ancora che veneta. Il padrone di casa Fausto Maculan ha raccontato il suo esordio di enologo nell’azienda di famiglia, con la prima vendemmia del 1974. Abbiamo sorseggiato il suo buonissimo Merlot Crosara 2015 mentre lui raccontava dei suoi frequenti viaggi a Bordeaux e della sua caparbietà nel puntare alla valorizzazione del territorio di Breganze per la produzione di grandi vini rossi da uve bordolesi e di vini dolci, valorizzando la varietà vespaiola per il Torcolato. Nel suo percorso di vita non sono mancati incontri decisivi per forgiare l’esperienza enologica e il carattere dei suoi vini: Gianni Brera, Luigi Veronelli, Gualtiero Marchesi, per citarne solo alcuni. Con uno splendido Brut Rosé Metodo Classico nel bicchiere, abbiamo ascoltato l’appassionata professione di fede di Mattia Vezzola che crede nei rosati italiani come vini di assoluta qualità, “vini estremamente seri“, se fatti con criterio, con un progetto enologico ben preciso che parta da vigneti dedicati. Creatore delle mitiche etichette di Bellavista in Franciacorta, si dedica anche alla conduzione dell’azienda familiare Costaripa in Valtenesi, dove i rosati si producono dal 1896. Ben evidenti sono la tempra e la longevità del Chiaretto ottenuto principalmente da groppello, nel suo Molmenti Valtenesi 2013 che si è accordato benissimo al suo racconto dei viaggi a Bandol, nel sud della Francia. Abbiamo sorseggiato poi il Capitel Foscarino 2017 di Roberto Anselmi che non possiamo chiamare Soave, avendo lui scelto, vent’anni fa, di uscire dal Consorzio di Tutela. Se assieme al conduttore della serata – l’ottimo giornalista Antonio Di Lorenzo – con il Soave ci ha anche un po’ scherzato poiché la nuora di Roberto di cognome fa Soave e dunque sul campanello spicca l’accoppiata Anselmi – Soave, l’uscita dalla doc per lui non è stata affatto uno scherzo. “Forse non sono stato capito” afferma, “ma non è mia abitudine accettare compromessi, il mio sogno è stato dapprima quello di ricomprare i vigneti del nonno, ottimo viticoltore tra gli anni Venti e il 1945, poi quello di perseguire la qualità come valore assoluto, puntando su vigneti ad alta densità, selezione dei cloni di garganega più aromatici, macerazione a freddo, fermentazione a bassa temperatura e lungo affinamento. Il disciplinare che avevo contribuito a redigere fu cambiato, e così ho reagito uscendo“. Per il futuro sembra mettere un “forse”, dicendo che le cose sembrano andare meglio, ma a suo parere, ancora non abbastanza. E aggiunge che non ci può essere qualità nel vino se il lavoro dell’uomo non è guidato dalla scientificità che permette di riconoscere i veri valori della tradizione. A seguire ecco due protagonisti indiscussi della rivoluzione qualitativa in Valpolicella, legata anche al successo mondiale dell’Amarone. Franco Allegrini nel 1983 raccoglie l’eredità del padre Giovanni e assieme al fratello Valter e alla sorella Marilisa affronta un decisivo percorso di rinnovamento viticolo ed enologico. Introduce importanti innovazioni: sceglie sistemi di allevamento che consentono di aumentare il numero di ceppi per ettaro, crea un centro modello per l’appassimento e modifica la tradizionale tecnica del ripasso, sostituendo uve appassite alle vinacce. Racconta infine di come “l’occhio del viticoltore sia fondamentale nella cura del vigneto, ma ancor prima nella scelta di posizioni ed esposizioni, perché l’eccellenza qualitativa nasce in vigna“. Ne sono la prova il sottile ed eccellente Amarone della Valpolicella 2014 – a dispetto dell’annata definita infausta – e lo squisito La Poja 2012 ( corvina in purezza) che nasce dai 3 ha di suoli calcarei sulla sommità della collina della Grola. Un percorso dagli esordi non facili e che ha richiesto pazienza e caparbietà quello di Romano Dal Forno che, ricordando la prima vendemmia del 1983 a Illasi, racconta dell’allora pressoché sconosciuta Valpolicella Orientale e del suo incontro illuminante con il maestro Bepi Quintarelli che lo fece riflettere sulla necessità di puntare sulla qualità, piuttosto che sulla quantità. Un traguardo acquisito, oggi, con risultati di cui va fiero ma che non lo fanno di certo dormire sugli allori. “Mi sono messo in discussione e lo faccio tuttora, perché la tradizione, come il vino, non può essere sinonimo di staticità“. Nel bicchiere, durante la cena che è seguita al talk show, abbiamo apprezzato sia l’Amarone che il Valpolicella Superiore, entrambi targati 2011. Ci siamo infine spostati nel territorio d’eccellenza delle colline del Prosecco Superiore di Valdobbiadene, ascoltando i racconti di vino e di vita di Giovanni Gregoletto e Primo Franco. A guidare la storica azienda Gregoletto a Premaor di Miane c’è il patriarca Luigi ( 91 anni), memoria storica del Prosecco delle colline trevigiane, con più di ottanta vendemmie sulle spalle e oggi affiancato in azienda dai figli Giuseppe e Antonella. E dunque Giovanni Gregoletto, dal carattere più riflessivo e artistico, dichiarandosi risoluto a evitare il lavoro manuale come la peste, ha scelto una strada diversa. A Pedeguarda di Follina ha aperto quella che definisce una “camera delle meraviglie”, dove ha raccolto oggetti, manifesti e antichi libri che hanno per tema il vino nei suoi aspetti meno conosciuti e più imprevedibili. Si tratta dello Spazio dell’Uva e del Vino legato anche alla casa editrice (SUV) con cui ha autoprodotto due libri (Imperdibile per gli appassionati curiosi “Vite Ambulante. Nuove cattedre di enologia e viticoltura”). Nel 2014 ha poi fondato il Brirrificio Follina, dove produce birre ad alta fermentazione con la stessa passione e cura artigianale con cui la famiglia Gregoletto produce i vini a rifermentazione in bottiglia. Abbiamo gustato il meraviglioso e gastronomico Verdiso Frizzante sui Lieviti 2016 e a seguire un paio di birre, tra le quali l’elegante Follinetta, birra bionda ispirata alle belghe “Saison”. Si è chiuso in bellezza con Primo Franco che ha ricordato il suo ingresso in azienda nel 1973, affiancando il padre che poi ha assecondato la sua indipendente spinta verso l’innovazione. A guidarlo, tuttora, è un’idea fondamentale: dare una qualità intrinseca e riconoscibile ai vini, legandoli al territorio di origine. Anche per Primo, dopo gli studi di enologia, ha contato molto l’apertura culturale, attraverso i tanti viaggi nei paesi e nelle diverse realtà enologiche del mondo. Anche lui ama assai la Francia e si può ben dire che l’anima stessa della sua azienda sia profondamente legata al modello (più antico in Champagne, un po’ recente sulle colline di Valdobbiadene), che vede uniti “récoltants” e “négociants”. La sua produzione – concentrata esclusivamente sul Prosecco – deriva da 5 ha di proprietà e da un’attenta selezione delle uve di storici conferitori nel territorio di Valdobbiadene. Nella bella gamma di Prosecco Superiore in degustazione ha brillato decisamente l’ultimo nato, il Nodi 2016, un Valdobbiadene asciuttissimo e raffinato, ottenuto dalle meravigliose viti centenarie del vigneto Col del Vent. Tags: Affinità enologiche: sette grandi protagonisti del vino italiano si raccontanoBrut Rosé Metodo Classico Mattia VezzolaCapitel Foscarino 2017 Roberto AnselmiFausto MaculanFranco AllegriniGianni BreraGiovanni GregolettoGualtiero MarchesiLa Poja 2012 AllegriniLuigi VeronelliMattia VezzolaMolmenti Valtenesi 2013 Mattia VezzolaPrimo FrancoRoberto AnselmiRomano Dal FornoSpazio dell'Uva e del Vino Parmigiana di zucchine e patate e Tintilia del Molise Progressive Südtiroler Experiments La passione per il mondo del vino inizia nel 1999, per curiosità intellettuale, seguendo vari percorsi di studio (Diploma di Assaggiatore ONAV, di Sommelier AIS, Giudice di Analisi Sensoriale, corsi di formazione nel campo della comunicazione del vino applicata al web e ai social media). Scrivere di vino è una passione, inizialmente coltivata attraverso il blog personale Soavemente Wine Blog e successivamente attraverso collaborazioni con guide del settore e varie testate giornalistiche come Slow Wine, Il Sommelier Veneto, Euposia, InternetGourmet. Considera il vino un'interessante e stimolante metafora della vita, un'occasione di socialità, di costante apprendimento e di felicità, intesa come il "Carpe diem" di oraziana memoria. Ci siamo, inizia il lungo tour delle anteprime toscane! Il 16 febbraio a Chianche l’Anteprima del 2° Planca’s Wines dedicato al Greco di Tufo, Oro d’Irpinia Dal 2 al 9 marzo esplode la festa delle Donne del Vino in tutta Italia

2019-09/0000/it_middle.json.gz/568

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Home › SB&H Discussion Forum Home Members List Register Now! SB&H Forum > Spina Bifida Community > Connect with others Costs of Spina Bifida. What are the economic and social costs associated with Spina Bifida? Profit5500 I was looking at www.kintera.org and saw that it cost $532,000 for one child with spina bifida. I did not think it cost that much for one child with spina bifida. One source I looked said that for one child it cost $532,000 who has spina bifida. I would not want to deal with 10 people who have it. The amount of money you would have to bring in would be $5,320,000 and I wish I had that much money. GemmaRowlands The cost is bound to be high, because you would have to have everything in your home adapted at some point to make sure that you could get around and live as independently as you possibly could. In a lot of countries, you would get help from the government. I am from the UK and I know that there are payments available to people who struggle to earn enough money to deal with a condition. In other countries where this is not possible, though, I imagine that people might struggle, and I feel that there should be a lot more help put in place for those who are in that situation. This is the main reason why I need to make sure I have enough folic acid in my system. Otherwise I would not be able afford dealing with spina bifida. User Control Panel Private Messages Subscriptions Who's Online Search Forums Forums Home Welcome & Orientation Rules & Guidelines Comments & Suggestions Hydrocephalus Community Connect with others Spina Bifida Community Connect with others Folic Acid & Prevention of Neural Tube Defects General Discussions Spina Bifida & Hydrocephalus Association of Ontario Charitable Registration #10799 9310 RR0001 Site Development by Intrigue Design

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african american funeral programs of san antonio African American Funeral Programs of San Antonio - Browse ABOUT BROWSE [Funeral Program for Amanda Ola Doberson, March 2, 1971] Description: Funeral program for Sister Amanda Ola Doberson. The funeral was held March 2, 1971 at Emmanuel A. M. E. Church. The funeral arrangements were made through Lewis Funeral Home and she was buried in Fort Sam National Cemetery near San Antonio, Texas. Item Type: Refine your search to only Pamphlet Partner: San Antonio Public Library [Funeral Program for Edna Josephine Smith, November 29, 1971] Description: Funeral program for Edna Josephine Smith, born July 16, 1896 and died November 23, 1971. The funeral was held November 29, 1971 at Second Baptist Church, officiated by Rev. S. H. James. Funeral arrangements were made through the Lewis Funeral Home and she was buried in Eastview Cemetery in San Antonio, Texas. [Funeral Program for Elizabeth Jones, December 6, 1971] Description: Funeral program for Mrs. Elizabeth Jones. The funeral was held Monday, December 6, 1971 at Second Baptist Church, officiated by Rev. S. H. James. Funeral arrangements were made through Collins Mortuary and she was buried in Southern Memorial Park in San Antonio, Texas. [Funeral Program for Elword Grace Haywood, July 13, 1971] Description: Funeral program for Elword Grace Haywood, born November 20, 1931. The funeral was held July 13, 1971 at Wheatley Heights Baptist Church, officiated by Rev. E. Cunningham. Funeral arrangements were made through Bryant's Mortuary and she was buried in Meadowlawn Memorial Park, in San Antonio, Texas. [Funeral Program for Funeral Service for Earlene I. Lewis, November 6, 1971] Description: Funeral program for Earlene I. Lewis. The funeral was held November 6, 1971 at Lincoln Park Church of Christ, officiated by Bishop Robert A. Wauls. Funeral arrangements were made through Carter-Taylor Mortuary and she was buried in Eastview Cemetery in San Antonio, Texas. [Funeral Program for George Barber, August 13, 1971] Description: Funeral program for Mr. George Barber, born February 11, 1912. The funeral was held Friday, August 13, 1971 at Emmanuel A.M.E. Church, officiated by B. T. Langham. Funeral arrangements were made through Sutton-Sutton Mortuary and he was buried in Ft. Sam Houston National Cemetery near San Antonio, Texas. [Funeral Program for Geraldine M. Coleman, June 4, 1971] Description: Funeral program for Geraldine M. Coleman, born December 14, 1932. The funeral was held June 4, 1971 at Israelite Baptist Church, officiated by Rev. Percy Roberson. Funeral arrangements were made through Bryant's Mortuary and she was buried in Fort Sam Houston National Cemetery near San Antonio, Texas. [Funeral Program for Henry Glenn, January 9, 1971] Description: Funeral program for Mr. Henry Glenn, died January 7, 1971. The funeral was held January 9, 1971 at Second Baptist Church, officiated by Reverend S. H. James. The funeral arrangements were made through Lewis Funeral Home and he was buried in the U. B. F. Cemetery in San Antonio, Texas. [Funeral Program for Ira Nious, May 31, 1971] Description: Funeral program for Mr. Ira Nious, born July 9, 1897. The funeral was held Monday, May 31, 1971 at Shiloh Baptist Church, officiated by Rev. S. E. Steward, Pastor. Funeral arrangements were made through Bryant's Mortuary and he was buried in Meadowlawn Memorial Park in San Antonio, Texas. [Funeral Program for James Russell, Sr., August 21, 1971] Description: Funeral program for James Russell, Sr. The funeral was held Saturday, August 21, 1971 at St. Paul United Methodist Church, officiated by Lavalle Lowe, Jr. Funeral arrangements were made through Lewis Funeral Home and he was buried in Meadowlawn Memorial Park in San Antonio, Texas. [Funeral Program for Josephine Sampson] Description: Funeral program for Mrs. Josephine Sampson, born October 24, 1923. The funeral was held Saturday, April 3, 1971 at Mt. Sinai Baptist Church, officiated by Rev. Rufus Wilson. Funeral arrangements were made through Carter-Taylor Mortuary, Inc. and he was buried in Meadowlawn Memorial Park Cemetery in San Antonio, Texas. [Funeral Program for Julius E. Johnson, April 5, 1971] Description: Funeral program for Mr. Julius E. Johnson, born March 4, 1934. The funeral was held Monday, April 5, 1971 at Mt. Gilead Baptist Church, officiated by Rev. W. G. Gillespie. Funeral arrangements were made through Sutton-Sutton Mortuary and he was buried in Eastview Cemetery in San Antonio, Texas. [Funeral Program for Larcy Blackwell, August 6, 1971] Description: Funeral program for Mrs. Larcy Blackwell, died August 3, 1971. The funeral was held Friday, August 6, 1971 at Emmanuel A. M. E. Church, officiated by B. F. Langham. Funeral arrangements were made through Lewis Funeral Home and she was buried in Odd Fellows Cemetery in San Antonio, Texas. [Funeral Program for Lena B. Jefferson, May 28, 1971] Description: Funeral program for Mrs. Lena B. Jefferson, born December 24, 1927. The funeral was held Friday, May 28, 1971 at Second Baptist Church, officiated by Rev. S. H. James, Pastor. Funeral arrangements were made through Carter-Taylor Mortuary and she was buried in Eastview Cemetery in San Antonio, Texas. [Funeral Program for Lillian V. Sutton, December 11, 1971] Description: Funeral program for Mrs. Lillian V. Sutton. The funeral was held December 11, 1971 at Second Baptist Church, officiated by Rev. S. H. James. Funeral arrangements were made through Sutton-Sutton Mortuary and she was buried in Gates of Heaven Memorial Gardens in San Antonio, Texas. [Funeral Program for Louis Edward Clark, October 29, 1971] Description: Funeral program for Louis Edward Clark. The funeral was held October 29, 1971 at Sutton-Sutton Chapel, officiated by Rev. La Valle Lowe, Jr. Funeral arrangements were made through Sutton-Sutton Mortuary, Inc. and he was buried in Gates of Heaven Memorial Gardens in San Antonio, Texas. [Funeral Program for Novella Reed, January 19, 1971] Description: Funeral program for Mrs. Novella Reed, died January 15, 1971. The funeral was held Tuesday, January 19, 1971 at Collins Mortuary, officiated by Rev. S.H. James, Jr. Funeral arrangements were made through Collins Mortuary and she was buried in Eastview Cemetery in San Antonio, Texas. [Funeral Program for Ollie Edmerson, September 14, 1971] Description: Funeral program for Brother Ollie H. Edmerson, died September 10, 1971. The funeral was held September 14, 1971 at Mount Zion First Baptist Church, officiated by Rev. C. William Black. Funeral arrangements were made though Carter-Taylor Mortuary and he was buried in Eastview Cemetery in San Antonio, Texas. [Funeral Program for Peggy Dell Mathis, October 28, 1971] Description: Funeral program for Mrs. Peggy Dell Mathis, born November 13, 1937. The funeral was held Thursday, October 28, 1971 at Second Baptist Church, officiated by Rev. S. H. James. Funeral arrangements were made through Carter-Taylor Mortuary and she was buried in Karnes City Cemetery in Karnes City, Texas. [Funeral Program for Robert Blackson, December 13, 1971] Description: Funeral program for Brother Robert Blackson. The funeral was held Monday, December 13, 1971 at Second Baptist Church, officiated by S. H. James. Funeral arrangements were made through Carter-Taylor Mortuary and he was buried in Fort Sam Houston National Cemetery near San Antonio, Texas. [Funeral Program for Sarah Agnes Brown, December 18, 1971] Description: Funeral program for Mrs. Sarah Agnes Brown. The funeral was held Saturday, December 18, 1971 at Second Baptist Church, officiated by The Reverend S. H. James, Pastor. Funeral arrangements were made through Lewis Funeral Home and she was buried in Meadowlawn Memorial Park in San Antonio, Texas. [Funeral Program for Tommie A. Morrison, May 25, 1971] Description: Funeral program for Brother Tommie A. Morrison, born October 25, 1911 and died May 21, 1971. The funeral was held May 25, 1971 at Greater Mt. Olive Baptist Church. Funeral arrangements were made through Sutton-Sutton Mortuary and he was buried in Gates of Heaven Memorial Gardens in San Antonio, Texas. [Funeral Program for William Henry Evans, June 21, 1971] Description: Funeral program for Mr. William Henry "Jack" Evans, died June 17, 1971. The funeral was held June 21, 1971 at St. Paul United Methodist Church, officiated by Rev. Lavalle Lowe, Jr. Funeral arrangements were made through Lewis Mortuary and he was buried in Odd Fellows Cemetery in San Antonio, Texas. [Funeral Program for William N. Sutton, September 3, 1971] Description: Funeral program for William N. Sutton. The funeral was held September 3, 1971 at Second Baptist Church, officiated by Rev. S. H. James. Funeral arrangements were made through Sutton-Sutton Mortuary and he was buried in Gates of Heaven Memorial Gardens in San Antonio, Texas.

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Telemarketing for Project Support Services Company I run a small, niche consultancy which provides project support services. We provide on-site or remote consultancy support for organisations that are re-organising or expanding and have significant business process change. We also provide support with IT projects; any large-scale implementations. Our services range from ad-hoc support for, for example, a partner in a law firm responsible for managing in a new IT system, to full-time on-site project management for a large company that is moving premises. So, this is business-to-business selling of a high-value consultancy proposition. Our day rates range from 500-900 per day depending on the client and the duration of the work. I am looking for someone to work through a list of approx 200 companies, making calls, establishing contact details and (a) ideally arranging an appointment to meet or (b) finding out if they would like a one pager so I can follow up myself a few days later. The tactic for the call is to identify the Finance Director and/or his/her PA and take it from there. I have a good one pager which describes features and benefits of our service and a good website which provides more detail. The list I have is OK, but not brilliant. There are contact names but these need to be removed and re-validated during the call because they are not the Finance Director and it's the Finance Director we need to be talking to. The list is uploaded into a customised version of Zoho CRM and I have started cleaning the list i.e. removing duplicated entries (where , for example, a group company is listed along with subsidiaries) and checking to see if the company has a website that is reasonably easy to find. A little pre-call checking is necessary to find out if they have a website which tells us what they do, and ideally some clues as to the names of the senior management team. If all this sounds like something you can help me with, please get in touch. I would like to start with one days work from someone and then review. Ideally I am looking for someone who I can turn to for a couple of days work each month, maybe more, providing it goes well initially, we get along and, crucially, generate some leads and appointments. project management lead generation telemarketing advice/consult and guidance marketing public relations

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In Case You Missed It: Oregon Governor Pushes for Mileage Tax The Associated Press reported on Monday that Oregon Governor Kulongoski is proposing that the state legislature adopt a state mileage tax to compensate for the state transportation funding shortfalls. The proposal is part of the Governor’s transportation bill for the upcoming 2009 legislative session. “As Oregonians drive less and demand more fuel-efficient vehicles, it is increasingly important that the state find a new way, other than the gas tax, to finance our transportation system,” Governor Kulongoski said. This is one example of the type of innovative solutions I have been encouraging local and state officials to consider over the last few months. There are fundamental problems to our current system of financing transportation infrastructure across the country, and these problems will only be solved if our community leaders tap into creative alternatives. Read the entire story here and let me know your thoughts. Governor Kulongoski's proposal is based on a yearlong Road User Fee Pilot Program that the Oregon Department of Transportation launched in April 2006. A thoughtful analysis of the pilot program by Anthony Rufolo, Professor of Urban Studies and Planning, Portland State University and Visiting Transportation Scholar at US DOT, can be found here. Posted at 03:22 PM | Permalink LaHood a Good Choice for Next Secretary Today, President-Elect Obama announced Congressman Ray LaHood of Illinois as his choice to lead this Department. Congressman LaHood’s broad experience and well-known pragmatism make him an excellent choice to lead and support America’s transportation future. There will be challenges, but there are also incredible opportunities to continue work to improve transportation safety, tackle congestion and promote mobility, expand global transportation opportunities, rebuild transportation systems after disasters, and continue fundamental transportation reform. I’m confident our nation’s transportation network will be in good hands under the leadership of Congressman LaHood. Teens Talk to Teens About Traffic Safety Despite the progress we’ve made keeping our nation’s drivers and passengers safe, we still face the challenge of protecting our newest—and most vulnerable drivers. In 2007, 3,174 teenage drivers were killed and nearly 252,000 were injured in crashes—the leading cause of death for 15-20 year olds. Mile for mile, teenagers are involved in three times as many fatal crashes as all other drivers. As part of our efforts to address this problem, the Department has partnered with the National Organizations for Youth Safety (NOYS) on a nationwide competition that challenged teens to develop ad campaigns that will help spread the message of traffic safety to their peers. We think teens are more likely to get the message about safety and awareness when it comes from other teens, and were thrilled to provide passionate students with the opportunity to reach out to their friends in new ways. Today, I announced the competition winners. The winning campaign, developed by Gibson City-Melvin-Sibley High School from Gibson City, Illinois will be used as part of 2009’s National Youth Traffic Safety Month. In second place was Anoka High School of Anoka, Minnesota, while third place went to Clifton High School of Clifton, Illinois. The three finalists received first, second and third place grants of $5,000, $2,000 and $1,000. Prize money will be used to support traffic safety activities or to provide scholarships to acknowledge student leadership in traffic safety programs. Out of the initial 34 entries, these three teams demonstrated hard work, commitment, creativity and enthusiasm for safety issues. They created dynamic PSAs, brought in guest speakers and hosted information sessions, engaged peers, adults and in some cases, other local communities. Their efforts resulted in an inspiring and renewed commitment to working together as a community to prevent the needless deaths of young people on local roads. I am very proud of their efforts and again congratulate them on their success. Taking a note from the successful launch of the Fast Lane, the Department is striving to reach teens in new and innovate ways. We have used the social networking website Facebook to develop a pilot teen-oriented Group called Keys To Drive. The Group will be a place where teens can connect and share safe-driving tips, advocacy strategies and real-life stories. Thanks to all the great kids who put so much work into their projects. Their work is saving lives. Here is a brief description of the three finalists’ projects: First Place Winner- Gibson City-Melvin-Sibley High School, Gibson City, ILThe campaign, titled License to Live, uses television and radio PSA’s to urge seat belt use, bicycle and railroad safety in their community. GCMS’s License to Live youth leader Eric Sommer also worked with local officials to raise awareness about dangerous intersections in their area, and has been successful in making helpful changes. Second Place Winner- Anoka High School, Anoka, MinnesotaAnoka High School’s Get the 411 on Teen Drivers! Stay Connected! Save Teen Lives! campaign focuses on graduated licensing and seatbelt laws. The school hosted Teen Driver 411 week, during which they made presentations to four Driver’s Education programs along with AAA. Third Place Winner- Clifton Central High School, Clifton, ILClifton Central High School’s Operation Safer Teens (CO$T) started their campaign, Get Put it on. Put it away. Just slow down. Say no way., by purchasing two speed limit signs for both entrances of their high school and middle school complex. To spread their message, the team hung banners at football games, sponsored a door decorating contest, and an artwork contest with the school’s Art Club. CO$T has sponsored a Child Safety Seat check program, and has hosted an Alive at 25 Parent Program. Posted at 03:46 PM | Permalink New Blog on the Block It’s always great to see transportation issues put into focus in new and exciting ways, and I wanted to bring to your attention a new outlet for discussion hosted by NationalJournal.com. Today, they launched their new Transportation Expert blog where each week, transportation professionals will focus on a different question or challenge. The inaugural discussion focuses on priorities for the next surface transportation bill—a great topic, if you ask me. I’ve posted my thoughts, as has our friend, Secretary Norman Mineta. Check out our posts, and let me know what you think! -Secretary Peters

2017-26/0000/en_head.json.gz/19642

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The Chinese faked their spacewalk Thread: The Chinese faked their spacewalk I cannot even see what you claim isnt a plane in that picture http://www.g7welcomingcommittee.com/...gon1_plane.jpg Cosmored, do you know who released that picture? The government. Why would the government release a picture that would be used as evidence against them? Last edited by Mythic; 12-26-2008 at 03:59 PM. "Government's first duty is to protect the people, not run their lives." Life is a story; if you stay on the same page forever you will never finish it. "There are days you are the pigeon and days you are the statue." asdf2231 TANSTAAFL. Location The greatest country on Earth. Originally Posted by Cosmored They're addressing the faked Chinese space walk at the "Clavius" and "Bad Astronomy" forums. http://apollohoax.proboards21.com/in...ay&thread=2206 http://www.bautforum.com/conspiracy-...broadcast.html Click where it says "Web forum" in this site, and you'll get the first forum above. http://www.clavius.org/ Both of those sites are government damage-control sites and all the regular posters on those sites know that the moon missions were faked. They seem to have been started because so many people are finding out that the Apollo moon missions were faked. http://www.conservativeunderground.c...ead.php?t=9002 They're really having a hard time dealing with the evidence that the Chinese space walk was faked in a water tank. They aren't even discussing the evidence that it was faked. They are good at obfuscating evidence but some evidence is so clear that it can't be obfuscated. Those threads are laughable. Unmanned robotic craft that had mirrors attached to their sides could have been soft-landed. Those mirrors are not proof that there were people on the moon. I thought you were just being sarcastic. I don't know the answers to those questions. In the documentary "What Happened on the Moon" they talk about Gagarin. I don't remember what was said. All of Cosmotards threads go here in future. Originally Posted by Sonnabend Cosmored I said it was a plane that was smaller than a 757. I didn't say it wasn't a plane. Read this analysis of the crash. http://physics911.net/missingwings It's consistent with the picture of the nose of the craft that hit the Pentagon. Evidently they did release evidence that could be used against them. Who knows what they were thinking. That picture is of the nose of a craft that is clearly not a 757. Read this. http://killtown.911review.org/pentalawn.html In this picture the craft is behind the box. http://0911.site.voila.fr/index3.htm The tail can be seen but not the nose. If you compare the length of the side of the Pentagon where the plane hit to the space behind the box at the same distance from the camera from the crash site, you'll see that a 757 couldn't fit behind the box. http://www.aviewoncities.com/buildin...n/pentagon.htm http://www.boeing.com/commercial/757...f_200tech.html A 757 stood on its tail next to the Pentagon would be twice as tall as the Pentagon. Try putting something that long behind the box in the picture. Even allowing for the angle, it wouldn't fit without the nose protruding. Whatever is behind the box is way too short to be a 757. Originally Posted by Cosmoron fixed..... Last edited by Sonnabend; 12-27-2008 at 10:00 PM. I'd like to hear everyone's opinion on this. http://en.epochtimes.com/n2/content/view/8332/ NASA Engineer Finds More Evidence Dr. Qu Zheng, Senior Physics Engineer of the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, analyzed the inconsistencies in the live video-feed. The questionable points include that earth’s atmosphere was not visible. A cloud suddenly changed in an obvious fashion, there was no background noise as in past conversations between the astronauts in the spacecraft and regime leader Hu Jintao on earth. The video showed the craft flying over the ocean while it was supposed to be over land according orbit calculations. Well..you asked...

2017-04/0000/en_head.json.gz/775

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Posts Tagged ‘Animación miguecartoon’ Video Cómic “Tu juicio” El pasado viernes se presentó oficialmente el Maxi Single de Dactah Chando, producido por Rob Smith aka RSD, Bass ́n ́Culture de Tenerife y Bristol, una combinación explosiva con la potencia habitual de las producciones del “maestro” de la escena D ́n ́B de UK con el flow lírico y consciente del canario. Beats demoledores, subgraves extremos indicados para los amantes del sonido mas underground y club. Dactah Chando es uno de los artistas mas importantes del genero reggae en español, con una dilatada carrera, tres álbumes de estudio, varias... Estreno de Cleo feb. 9. Por fin y después de intensos años de trabajo, llega a las pantallas "Cleo" la serie en la que he estado trabajando como Director de Animación. Cleo es la historia de una perrita curiosa, juguetona y cabezota que ha nacido en la perrera municipal. Allí conoce a Irma y se hacen amigas. Cleo siempre intenta conseguir todas aquellas cosas bonitas que le gustan de su amiga Irma y, como es algo atolondrada, siempre la lía. ¿Qué será lo primero que se le antoje? Pues unos braquets de colores tan bonitos... Bob Esponja y la biología Hace un tiempo vimos como se pueden explicar conceptos básicos de la física gracias a las leyes de la animación. En esta ocasión he descubierto el trabajo de Carlos Lobato, autor del blog La ciencia de la vida en el cual nos explica cómo se puede enseñar biología a través de nuestros personajes favoritos de animación. Interesante propuesta que nos puede servir para descubrir la anatomía interna de Bob Esponja o para hacer un repaso a especies extintas como los protagonistas de Ice Age. A continuación podemos ver una entrevista... Recursos para animar ojos Una de las cosas que hacen que nuestros personajes se muestren con vida, son los ojos y una buena prueba de ello la tenemos en esta fantástica escena de la película Brave. Tanto es así que los Riggs de los personajes en 3d que podemos ver actualmente, están especialmente preparados para que los párpados puedan seguir a las pupilas en los sutiles movimientos que realizamos al mover los ojos de un lado a otro, como cuando, por ejemplo, miramos alternativamente a los ojos de una persona... Corto no petróleo tercer premio en Maxoarte 2012 En la pasada edición del certamen Maxoarte 2012, Tenesor Cruz, Guille Pérez y un servidor, quedamos terceros con este pequeño corto protesta en contra de las prospecciones petrolíferas en las costas de Canarias. Consulta las animaciones de miguecartoon.com Aquí Publicidad animada, guaguas de Las Palmas Después de mucho trabajo, por fin ve la luz este gran trabajo en el que he tenido la suerte de participar con Oquio y que se está convirtiendo en un gran éxito publicitario. Pusimos la guagua a rodar y la “G” a girar hasta convertirse en la ruta que nos lleva por diferentes lugares de la ciudad de Las Palmas. Guaguas. Nueva Red de Lineas from Oquio. Pensamiento Visual on Vimeo. Consulta las animaciones de miguecartoon.com Aquí Videojuego The One ene. 8. Hace un tiempo tuve la suerte de participar en el vídeo promocional de The One, una aplicación para dispositivos móviles con la que nos convertiremos en luchadores de una batalla épica donde sólo puede quedar uno. The One. Survive the game from Oquio. visual doing on Vimeo. Consulta los Estrenos de Animación Referencia para Animación, galope Esta secuencia rodada por National Geographic en Slow Motion, nos descubre aspectos del galope de un guepardo que no se pueden ver a la velocidad real, sin duda una buena referencia de cómo animar galopes. Consulta Recursos de Animación Aquí Time Lapse, Diez años en un minuto y medio nov. 2. El time lapse nos permite hacer animaciones muy interesantes, pero lo de estos padres y su simpática hija además, es digno de admiración, han tenido la constancia de sacarle una foto a su hija desde el día de su nacimiento hasta los diez años de edad, el resultado es este fantástico vídeo que resume la vida de Natalie a razón de un mes por segundo aproximadamente. Consulta más Curiosidades sobre Animación

2018-09/0000/es_middle.json.gz/3275

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Monday, November 18, 2013 5:00 PM - 6:00 PM Chicago Campus

2014-15/0000/en_head.json.gz/10333

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Gift Annuity for Real Estate Jonathan purchased his home many years ago for $80,000. The home is now worth $420,000. Jonathan wants to sell his home and buy a condo for $130,000. If Jonathan were to sell the home and use his one-time $250,000 home exclusion, he could offset part of the gain but would still have to pay capital gains. Jonathan: My home has been a wonderful investment. My late wife and I raised our kids there, but it was getting more difficult for me to keep up with the yard work. I wanted to sell my home and move to a condo. With fewer responsibilities, I would be able to spend more time with my grandkids. Jonathan talked to his favorite charity's gift planner, who told him he could sell the home, avoid the tax and make a generous gift to the charity. Jonathan: I learned a lot from my conversation with the gift planner. He told me that I could sell my home to the charity for $130,000, which would give me the money I needed to buy the condo. The charity would take the balance of the value of my home, $290,000, to fund a charitable gift annuity that would give me both a tax deduction and provide me with fixed payments for the rest of my life. Jonathan transferred his home to charity in exchange for the charitable gift annuity. The gift annuity produced a nice tax deduction that Jonathan used to offset the gain on the sale portion to charity. He also used the home exclusion to offset the remaining capital gains associated with the payments he received from the annuity. Jonathan: Using my home to fund the gift annuity was the best decision I could have made. I avoided tax on the sale of my home and really enjoy the benefits of the large annuity payments. Best of all, because the payments are fixed, I don't have to worry about market fluctuations. Is a charitable gift annuity for real estate right for you? If you own highly appreciated property, such as real estate, you could benefit from using the real estate to fund a charitable gift annuity. The annuity, coupled with the use of a home exclusion, could help you avoid capital gains, provide you with a charitable income tax deduction in the year of the gift and could increase your income. Please call us if you have questions about charitable gift annuities. We would be happy to answer any questions that you have. *Please note: The name and image above are representative of a typical donor and may or may not be an actual donor to our organization. Since your gift annuity benefits may be different, you may want to click here to view a color example of your benefits.

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Occupational Diseases (1) Occupational Exposure (1) Occupational Health (4) Occupational Health Services (3) Oceans and Seas (1) Opioid-Related Disorders (2)

2020-24/0000/en_head.json.gz/14642

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Plus de 40 morts dans le naufrage d'un ferry sur le lac Victoria 20/09/18 - 21h24 Source: Belga Plus de 40 personnes sont mortes jeudi lorsqu'un ferry a chaviré dans le sud du lac Victoria, a annoncé un porte-parole du gouvernement tanzanien à la télévision d'Etat. "Selon les informations que le président John Magufuli vient de recevoir des autorités locales de Mwanza, le bilan s'élève maintenant à plus de 40 morts ", a déclaré Gerson Msigwa. Le ferry Nyerere a fait naufrage avec un nombre inconnu de passagers à bord jeudi après-midi, près de l'île Ukara, dans le sud du plus grand lac d'Afrique, selon un communiqué de l'Agence tanzanienne des services électriques et mécaniques, l'opérateur public du navire. "Il y avait plus d'une centaine de personnes à bord lorsque le ferry a coulé, il est à craindre qu'un grand nombre d'entre eux aient perdu la vie ", a affirmé George Nyamaha, qui dirige le conseil du district d'Ukerewe, dans la région de Mwanza. Le ferry transportait également des marchandises lorsqu'il a chaviré près du quai. La cause de l'accident n'était pas immédiatement claire, mais de tels naufrages sont souvent dus à la surcharge des embarcations. Tanzanie , Naufrage © 2018 De Persgroep Digital - Tous les droits réservés.

2019-18/0000/fr_head.json.gz/303

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Home » All Products»Arthritis/Joint/Knee » Rymanyl Capsule to Cure Back Pain & Lumbar Spondylosis If you are looking for how to cure back pain naturally, read this. You will find out how to cure lumbar spondylosis naturally by using the herbal remedies. There are many natural herbs that provide nutrition to the bones and help to give quick relief from back pain and lumbar spondylosis. Rymanyl capsule consists of herbal remedies for sprains and strains. You can take this herbal product on a regular basis to get rid of the back pain. Rymanyl capsule gives quick relief from sprain and strains. It is a wonderful natural product that helps to get rid of the lower back pain naturally. It may be taken regularly to reduce back pain. It is an excellent product for lumbar spondylosis. It gives nutrients to the muscles of the back and gives relief from cervical spondylosis. It is a natural product for the treatment of back pain, lumbar spondylosis and sprains and strains. Buy Charak Rymanyl Capsule (Ch.Rymnl) Charak Rymanyl Capsule 20 Capsules – 1 Pack $11.95 Shipping Free Benefits of Rymanyl capsule Rymanyl capsule is an excellent product for the people who are looking for how to cure lumbar spondylosis naturally. It gives relief from back pain by providing nutrition to the nerves and bones. It also helps to make your posture correct. It also helps to get quick relief from sprains and strains. Important benefits of this natural product are: It gives quick relief from pain and inflammation of the joints that may occur due to sprains and strains. It provides strength to the joints and prevents recurrent inflammation. The natural herbal remedies for sprains and strains in this product provide strength to the joints and muscles. It also helps to increase the strength of the joints and increase mobility of the joints. The herbs help in reducing the inflammation of the joints and gives immediate relief from the pain in the lower back. It is a natural and herbal supplement to support your back muscles. It is a wonderful herbal solution that may be taken on a regular basis to get relief from rheumatoid arthritis, joint pains, sprain and strains, lower back pain and lumbar spondylosis. It delays the degeneration of the cells of the back and prevents from complications. It consists of herbs that posses anti-inflammatory properties and help in reducing inflammation without producing any side effects. It is a natural supplement for the treatment of any kind of back pain, sprains and strains. It may be taken on a regular basis to support the functioning of back muscles and other joints. Dosage and mode of administration Adults: It is recommended to take two capsules, two times in a day after meals with water or milk. Children: It is recommended to take one capsule, two times in a day after meals with water or milk. Ingredients of Rymanyl capsule Rymanyl capsule is a combination of herbal remedies for sprains and strains that provide nutrition to the joints and lower back muscles. It also helps to prevent cervical spondylosis. Important herbs found in this product are: Balsam Dendron mukul, Vitex negundo, Ricinus communis and Oroxylum indicum: These herbs are known to have anti-inflammatory properties and reduce inflammation of the joints. These herbs also prevent recurrent inflammation by boosting up the immune system. Withania somnifera: This wonderful herb is used for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. It also has analgesic properties. It helps to delay the progression of osteoarthritis and delays bending of the curve. It also helps to prevent the complications. It reduces pain and stiffness of the affected joints. Camphora officinarum: It provides relief from pain quickly and is known to have analgesic properties. It is a natural analgesic that provides relief from joint pains and sprain and strains. Cedrus deodara, Nyctanthes arbortristris: These herbs help in reducing the inflammation of the joints. The herbs produce anti-inflammatory response and help to increase the strength of your joints. How to cure lumbar spondylosis naturally? Most people who suffer from lumbar spondylosis experience back pain. It is felt as sharp or piercing sensation in either their lower, middle or upper part of their back. This is a common problem with every individual but as mentioned earlier that there are different causes of back pain and according to the severity of the pain different back pain relieving products is available in the market. It is important that you should take advice from a health care provider or a doctor before you start using any product for getting relief from back pain. A few yoga asana are given here that can help to cure lumbar spondylosis naturally: Cobra pose: This yoga asana help to enhance the strength of your back. It is an effective product for increasing the strength of the back muscles and reduces pain quickly. Child pose: It is a simple yoga asana that helps to give relief from the back pain. It increases the movement and relaxes the back muscles. It also helps to increase the concentration. Cat pose and cow pose: These two yoga asana can be done together. You have to stand on your knees and arch your back upward and downward. It stretches your back muscles and also increases the strength of the muscles. It provides quick relief from the back and neck pain. Exercise can decrease pain Increases the flow of blood to all parts of the body Helps in reducing stress Prevent sore joints and stop arthritis from getting worse in the long run. Higher quality of life and are less likely to become disabled or have days with lots of pain Compresses and releases cartilage in your knees, bringing nourishing oxygen to your joints.

2022-27/0000/en_head.json.gz/21015

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Live Jazz at Parkers’ An event every week that begins at 6:00am on Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday and Saturday, repeating until December 31, 2019 « WDCB Vocal Jazz Night Parkers’ Happy Hour » We invite you to enjoy live jazz in the Bar Tuesday through Saturday evenings from 6:00 p.m. until 9:00 p.m. Tuesday Jazz Duos Tuesday from 6:00 p.m. – 9:00 p.m. WDCB Vocal Jazz Night Wednesday from 6:00 p.m. – 9:00 p.m. Dana Hall Trio Thursdays from 6:00 p.m. – 9:00 p.m. Aaron Zachary Trio Fridays from 6:00 p.m. – 9:00 p.m. Carmen Stokes Every Saturday from 6:00 p.m. – 9:00 p.m.

2019-13/0000/en_head.json.gz/5750

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Tipster seeks reward in Molly Bish case By Gary V. Murray TELEGRAM & GAZETTE STAFF WORCESTER— A former police officer who sued the district attorney's office in an effort to collect a $100,000 reward offered in the Molly A. Bish case told a jury today the reward money was "an afterthought." Timothy S. McGuigan of West Brookfield testified in Worcester Superior Court that his main motivation in launching an unofficial investigation into the disappearance of Ms. Bish, a 16-year-old who vanished from her lifeguard post at Comins Pond in Warren on June 27, 2000, was to bring her abductor to justice. Mr. McGuigan, a former police officer in North Brookfield and Sturbridge, led investigators to Ms. Bish's bathing suit on a Palmer hillside in 2003. The discovery led authorities to the missing teen's remains, but no one has been charged in her death. Mr. McGuigan, who said a hunter told him about seeing the bathing suit the previous fall, is trying to collect a $100,000 reward offered by the district attorney's office in the Bish case. He filed suit against District Attorney Joseph D. Early Jr. in 2009, after Mr. Early and his predecessor, John J. Conte refused to pay him the money. Mr. Conte and Mr. Early, who are both on the witness list in the case, maintain that the reward money, donated by several private citizens, was intended for information leading to the arrest and conviction of Ms. Bish's killer. In his opening statement to the jury Monday, Mr. McGuigan's lawyer, Leonidas Chakalos, referred to a poster that was distributed by the Polly Klaas Foundation, a nonprofit California corporation, offering the $100,000 reward "for information leading to Molly." If the district attorney's office was in disagreement with the terms of the reward as stated on the posters, which were displayed in state police barracks and other public places, it should have had them removed from "the public domain," Mr. Chakalos told the jury. Assistant Attorney General Helene Kazanjian, representing Mr. Early, said in her opening that posters and other forms of publicity authorized and distributed by the district attorney's office and state police clearly stated that the reward was being offered for information leading to the arrest and conviction of Ms. Bish's abductor. The 47-year-old Mr. McGuigan, a father of three who now works as a truck driver, said he developed a strong interest in the disappearance of Ms. Bish while employed as a North Brookfield police officer in 2000 and later began conducting his own, unauthorized investigation when publicity about the case appeared to subside. "You have to keep it going. You have to talk to people," Mr. McGuigan told the jury. "I found Molly Bish. I found Molly Bish because I talked to a lot of people," he said. "A reward was never a motivating factor...It was about bringing a child home," Mr. McGuigan said under direct examination by Mr. Chakalos. Under cross-examination by Assistant Attorney General Anne Sterman, Mr. McGuigan agreed that he didn't actually find Ms. Bish. "I found the point of origin where I knew Molly would be, her bathing suit," he said. Mr. McGuigan testified that he had also had a strong interest in the case of another missing child, Holly Piirainen, and that at one time he was considering writing a book about the two cases. "I was very much driven to bring these girls home," he said Shown a series of posters and press releases from Mr. Conte's office concerning the reward for information leading to the arrest and conviction of Ms. Bish's abductor, Mr. McGuigan said he did not recall seeing them before applying for the reward money. Contact Gary V. Murray at gary.murray@telegram.com. Follow him on Twitter @GaryMurrayTG

2017-34/0000/en_head.json.gz/31754

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HMRC name and shame list grows In accordance with legislation HMRC may publish information about a deliberate tax defaulter where: HMRC have carried out an investigation and the person has been charged one or more penalties for deliberate defaults, and those penalties involve tax of more than £25,000. However, their information will not be published if the person earns the maximum reduction of the penalties by fully disclosing details of the defaults. HMRC will publish sufficient information to identify the deliberate tax defaulter, the penalties imposed for their deliberate defaults and the amount of tax on which those penalties are based. This sufficient information includes the name of the taxpayer and their postal address. The first list was posted on HMRC’s website on 21 February 2013. A further list was added on 14 May 2013. In the light of recent press interest in multinationals who, apparently, are legally avoiding the payment This entry was posted on Friday, May 24th, 2013 at 12:00 am and is filed under Uncategorized. You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed. Both comments and pings are currently closed.

2022-21/0000/en_head.json.gz/11111

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24/24 TRANSPORT Rapport d'investigation du réseau d'affaires des dirigeants. Rapport d'investigation Réseau des dirigeants Organisation hiérarchique Cercles de connaissances Cercles de connaissances du réseau d'affaires 1er cercle M Franck SALAT 2eme cercle M Stephane BESSIERE MME Catherine JOSEPH M Olivier BOZIER 24/24 TRANSPORT Nom commercial 24/24 TRANSPORT Adresse 34 RUE WILSON Ville 24700 MONTPON MENESTEROL Forme juridique Société à responsabilité limitée Capital 209 840 Greffe RCSPERIGU la levée, le tri, l'acheminement et la distribution (nationale ou internationale) de lettres et de colis et petits paquets (assimilés à du courrier) par des entreprises opérant en dehors de l'obligation de service universelIl peut être fait appel à u la livraison de pizzas chaudes sans fabrication le portage de journaux si desserte en porte à porte du client final le transport de repas (sans fabrication) pour compte de tiers les activités des coursiers urbains et taxis-marchandises mais exclu la livraison associée à la fabrication de pizzas chaudes (cf56.10C) le portage de journaux si desserte des revendeurs (cf82.19Z) le transport de fret (cf49.20Z, 49.4, 50.20Z, 50.40Z, 51.2) les activités de routage et la messagerie urbaine de la presse (cf82.19Z) 31/12/2012 Procès-verbal d`assemblée Changement relatif à la date de clôture de l`exercice social 31/12/2012 Procès-verbal d'assemblée Changement relatif à la date de clôture de l'exercice social 30/09/2003 Procès-verbal d`assemblée Augmentation du capital social 30/09/2003 Procès-verbal d'assemblée Augmentation du capital social 30/09/2003 Déclaration de conformité 22/08/2003 Modification 22/07/2003 Statuts à jour STATUTS A JOUR 22/07/2003 Modification TRANSFERT DU SIEGE SOCIAL 22/07/2003 Constitution FORMATION DE LA SOCIETE 22/04/2003 Modification PV D`ASSEMBLEE 22/04/2003 Modification PV D'ASSEMBLEE Description du réseau Le réseau d'affaires de la société 24/24 TRANSPORT est consitué de 4 personnes sur les trois premiers cercles de dirigeants. Le premier cercle est composé de 1 personnes. Il s'agit de tous les dirigeants de la société qui possèdent un mandat officiel dans la société 24/24 TRANSPORT. Pour chacun de ces cadres, nous avons listé les autres entreprises dans lesquelles il possède aussi un mandat social. Dans chacune de ces entreprises, nous avons répertorié les autres personnes qui partagent un mandat. Ces personnes correspondent au second cercle. Ce second cercle est composé de 2 personnes. Nous avons ensuite, pour chaque membre du second cercle, recherché les entreprises dans lesquelles il a aussi un mandat, ce qui nous a permis de définir le troisième cercle de relations, qui est composé de 1 personnes. Ainsi, vous pouvez facilement repérer les relations directes entre dirigeants qui disposent d'un mandat dans une entreprise commune, mais surtout par quel intermédiaire un cadre dirigeant de 24/24 TRANSPORT peut contacter de façon indirecte un autre cadre dirigeant, même s'ils ne partagent aucun mandat dans une même société. Le réseau d'affaires des dirigeants sur trois niveaux M Franck SALAT, Gérant M Franck SALAT est Gérant de la société 24/24 TRANSPORT ( immatriculée sous le numéro 44780677900024) dont le siège social est 34 RUE WILSON dans la ville de MONTPON MENESTEROL (24700). Il s'agit d'une Société à responsabilité limitée immatriculée le 22/07/2003 au capital de 209840 dont l'activité, codifiée par l'INSEE sous le code APE 5320Z, correspond à Autres activités de poste et de courrier ( poste, courrier, livraison à domicile, coursiers, portage de journaux...) Gérant de AMBULANCES 24/24 En plus de son mandat chez 24/24 TRANSPORT, M Franck SALAT est aussi Gérant de la société AMBULANCES 24/24 ( immatriculée sous le numéro 44530102100017) dont le siège social est 34 RUE WILSON dans la ville de MONTPON MENESTEROL (24700). Il s'agit d'une Société à responsabilité limitée immatriculée le 10/03/2003 au capital de 507825 dont l'activité, codifiée par l'INSEE sous le code APE 8690A, correspond à Ambulances ( ambulance, ambulancier) Gérant de SARL AMBULANCES ALIENOR D`AQUITAINE M Franck SALAT est aussi Gérant de la société SARL AMBULANCES ALIENOR D`AQUITAINE ( immatriculée sous le numéro 49285924400021) dont le siège social est ZA LES PORTES OCÉANES 5-7 RUE DU 503ÈME RÉGIMENT DU TRAIN dans la ville de MARTIGNAS SUR JALLE (33127). Il s'agit d'une Société à responsabilité limitée à associé unique immatriculée le 27/11/2006 au capital de 4000 dont l'activité, codifiée par l'INSEE sous le code APE 8690A, correspond à Ambulances ( ambulance, ambulancier) Gérant de FINANCIERE FRANCK SALAT M Franck SALAT est aussi Gérant de la société FINANCIERE FRANCK SALAT ( immatriculée sous le numéro 38934424300032) dont le siège social est 34 RUE WILSON dans la ville de MONTPON MENESTEROL (24700). Il s'agit d'une Société à responsabilité limitée immatriculée le 10/12/1992 au capital de 87937 dont l'activité, codifiée par l'INSEE sous le code APE 6420Z, correspond à Activités des sociétés holding ( société de holding) Gérant de SCI LEA M Franck SALAT est aussi Gérant de la société SCI LEA ( immatriculée sous le numéro 40789426000014) dont le siège social est 34 RUE WILSON dans la ville de MONTPON MENESTEROL (24700). Il s'agit d'une Société civile immatriculée le 24/06/1996 au capital de 304 dont l'activité, codifiée par l'INSEE sous le code APE 6820B, correspond à Location de terrains et d'autres biens immobiliers ( location de bureaux, location d'espaces commerciaux, location de halls d'exposition, location de salles de conférence, location de salles de réception, location de salles de réunion, location de terres, location de terrains) Gérant de POMPES FUNEBRES FRANCK SALAT M Franck SALAT est aussi Gérant de la société POMPES FUNEBRES FRANCK SALAT ( immatriculée sous le numéro 41201279100015) dont le siège social est 34A RUE WILSON dans la ville de MONTPON MENESTEROL (24700). Il s'agit d'une Société à responsabilité limitée à associé unique immatriculée le 10/06/1997 au capital de 7622 dont l'activité, codifiée par l'INSEE sous le code APE 9603Z, correspond à Services funéraires ( pompes funèbres, crématorium, obsèques, inhumation, incinération, funérarium) M Franck SALAT a aussi comme collègue M Stephane BESSIERE qui occupe le poste de Gérant chez POMPES FUNEBRES FRANCK SALAT. M Stephane BESSIERE détient lui même un mandat dans la société POMPES FUNEBRES ECONOMIQUES puisqu'il en est Gérant. La société POMPES FUNEBRES ECONOMIQUES ( immatriculée sous le numéro : 79977172000015) a son siège social 1 RUE JEAN MOULIN dans la ville de CHÂTEAUNEUF-EN-THYMERAIS (28170). C'est une Société à responsabilité limitée à associé unique immatriculée le 23/01/2014 au capital de 1000 dont l'activité, codifiée par l'INSEE sous le code APE 9603Z, correspond à Services funéraires ( pompes funèbres, crématorium, obsèques, inhumation, incinération, funérarium) M Stephane BESSIERE détient aussi un mandat dans la société `ART ET COMMUNICATION EN FUNERAIRE` `SOCIETE D`EXPLOITATION DES ETABLISSEMENTS MORIN` puisqu'il en est Gérant. La société `ART ET COMMUNICATION EN FUNERAIRE` `SOCIETE D`EXPLOITATION DES ETABLISSEMENTS MORIN` ( immatriculée sous le numéro : 38247075500010) a son siège social RUE DE L`EUROPE ZONE ARTISANALE dans la ville de PIERRES (28130). C'est une Société à responsabilité limitée à associé unique immatriculée le 02/10/1991 au capital de dont l'activité, codifiée par l'INSEE sous le code APE 9603Z, correspond à Services funéraires ( pompes funèbres, crématorium, obsèques, inhumation, incinération, funérarium) Dans cette société, il côtoie M Olivier BOZIER qui y détient un mandat social de Gérant Réseau lié à la société POMPES FUNEBRES FRANCK SALAT M Franck SALAT > M Stephane BESSIERE M Franck SALAT > M Stephane BESSIERE > M Olivier BOZIER Gérant de A L'EAU 24 HEURES/24 M Franck SALAT est aussi Gérant de la société A L'EAU 24 HEURES/24 ( immatriculée sous le numéro 51754215500018) dont le siège social est LA JOURDAINE ZONE INDUSTRIELLE dans la ville de MONTPON MENESTEROL (24700). Il s'agit d'une Société à responsabilité limitée immatriculée le 20/10/2009 au capital de 5000 dont l'activité, codifiée par l'INSEE sous le code APE 4520A, correspond à Entretien et réparation de véhicules automobiles légers ( garage, garagiste, réparateur de véhicules automobiles, réparateur de voitures) Gérant de SOCIETE CIVILE IMMOBILIERE POSEÏDON M Franck SALAT est aussi Gérant de la société SOCIETE CIVILE IMMOBILIERE POSEÏDON ( immatriculée sous le numéro 51749559400015) dont le siège social est LIEUDIT LA JOURDAINE ZONE INDUSTRIELLE dans la ville de MONTPON MENESTEROL (24700). Il s'agit d'une Société civile immobilière immatriculée le 15/10/2009 au capital de 1000 dont l'activité, codifiée par l'INSEE sous le code APE , correspond à - ( ) Gérant de S.C.I. JEREMY M Franck SALAT est aussi Gérant de la société S.C.I. JEREMY ( immatriculée sous le numéro 44919089100019) dont le siège social est 34 RUE WILSON dans la ville de MONTPON (24700). Il s'agit d'une Société civile immobilière immatriculée le 21/07/2003 au capital de 1525 dont l'activité, codifiée par l'INSEE sous le code APE 6820B, correspond à Location de terrains et d'autres biens immobiliers ( location de bureaux, location d'espaces commerciaux, location de halls d'exposition, location de salles de conférence, location de salles de réception, location de salles de réunion, location de terres, location de terrains) Gérant non associé de SARL ADN M Franck SALAT est aussi Gérant non associé de la société SARL ADN ( immatriculée sous le numéro 44899592800059) dont le siège social est 69 R HENRI DUNANT dans la ville de COUTRAS (33230). Il s'agit d'une Société à responsabilité limitée à associé unique immatriculée le 12/06/2003 au capital de 113000 dont l'activité, codifiée par l'INSEE sous le code APE 8690A, correspond à Ambulances ( ambulance, ambulancier) Gérant de L & LUI M Franck SALAT est aussi Gérant de la société L & LUI ( immatriculée sous le numéro 49998923400012) dont le siège social est AVENUE GEORGES-POMPIDOU CENTRE COMMERCIAL INTERMARCHE dans la ville de MONTPON MENESTEROL (24700). Il s'agit d'une Société à responsabilité limitée immatriculée le 17/09/2007 au capital de 8000 dont l'activité, codifiée par l'INSEE sous le code APE 0000Z, correspond à Commerce de détail d'habillement en magasin spécialisé ( vendeur de vêtements, magasin de vêtements, boutique de vêtements) M Franck SALAT a aussi comme collègue MME Catherine JOSEPH qui occupe le poste de Gérant chez L & LUI. Réseau lié à la société L & LUI M Franck SALAT > MME Catherine JOSEPH Gérant de CAROLE FLEURS M Franck SALAT est aussi Gérant de la société CAROLE FLEURS ( immatriculée sous le numéro 81428114300010) dont le siège social est 228 R PIERRE BROSSOLETTE dans la ville de COUTRAS (33230). Il s'agit d'une Société à responsabilité limitée à associé unique immatriculée le 26/10/2015 au capital de dont l'activité, codifiée par l'INSEE sous le code APE , correspond à ( ) Hierarchie des réseaux d'affaires par société 24/24 TRANSPORT : M Franck SALAT ( Gérant) AMBULANCES 24/24 : M Franck SALAT (Gérant) SARL AMBULANCES ALIENOR D`AQUITAINE : M Franck SALAT (Gérant) FINANCIERE FRANCK SALAT : M Franck SALAT (Gérant) SCI LEA : M Franck SALAT (Gérant) POMPES FUNEBRES FRANCK SALAT : M Franck SALAT (Gérant) POMPES FUNEBRES FRANCK SALAT : M Stephane BESSIERE ( Gérant) POMPES FUNEBRES ECONOMIQUES : M Stephane BESSIERE (Gérant) `ART ET COMMUNICATION EN FUNERAIRE` `SOCIETE D`EXPLOITATION DES ETABLISSEMENTS MORIN` : M Stephane BESSIERE (Gérant) `ART ET COMMUNICATION EN FUNERAIRE` `SOCIETE D`EXPLOITATION DES ETABLISSEMENTS MORIN` : M Olivier BOZIER (Gérant) A L'EAU 24 HEURES/24 : M Franck SALAT (Gérant) SOCIETE CIVILE IMMOBILIERE POSEÏDON : M Franck SALAT (Gérant) S.C.I. JEREMY : M Franck SALAT (Gérant) SARL ADN : M Franck SALAT (Gérant non associé) L & LUI : M Franck SALAT (Gérant) L & LUI : MME Catherine JOSEPH ( Gérant) CAROLE FLEURS : M Franck SALAT (Gérant) Liaisons des dirigeants du réseau d'affaires Réseau direct Réseau indirect Organigramme du réseau de dirigeants AMBULANCES 24/24 SARL AMBULANCES ALIENOR D`AQUITAINE FINANCIERE FRANCK SALAT SCI LEA POMPES FUNEBRES FRANCK SALAT POMPES FUNEBRES ECONOMIQUES `ART ET COMMUNICATION EN FUNERAIRE` `SOCIETE D`EXPLOITATION DES ETABLISSEMENTS MORIN` A L'EAU 24 HEURES/24 SOCIETE CIVILE IMMOBILIERE POSEÏDON S.C.I. JEREMY SARL ADN Gérant non associé L & LUI CAROLE FLEURS 18 rue Godot de Mauroy Paris IX APS 2T INFORMATIQUE

2017-34/0000/fr_middle.json.gz/643

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4. The Physical Setting Kindergarten through Grade 2 Grades 3 through 5 Grades 9 through 12 Processes that Shape the Earth The Structure of Matter Energy Transformations Humans have never lost interest in trying to find out how the universe is put together how it works, and where they fit in the cosmic scheme of things. The development of our understanding of the architecture of the universe is surely not complete, but we have made great progress. Given a universe that is made up of distances too vast to reach and of particles too small to see and too numerous to count, it is a tribute to human intelligence that we have made as much progress as we have in accounting for how things fit together. All humans should participate in the pleasure of coming to know their universe better. Science for All Americans One of the grand success stories of science is the unification of the physical universe. It turns out that all natural objects, events, and processes are connected to each other in such a way that only a relatively few concepts are needed to make sense of them. In a way, this fact complicates efforts to delineate what students should know about the makeup and structure of the universe. Any one arrangement of topics inevitably neglects many cross-connections among topics. In the arrangement used here (and also in Science for All Americans), benchmarks dealing with gravity, electromagnetism, and scale appear in several different sections. For example, 4A: The Universe, 4B: The Earth, 4F: Motion, and 4G: Forces of Nature are intimately linked by ideas of gravitational attraction and immense scales of distance, mass, and time. And 4D: Structure of Matter, 4E: Energy Transformations, and 4G: Forces of Nature are linked by ideas of electromagnetism and minute scales of distance, mass, and energy. Benchmarks for any section are connected to others and should be read in the context of the others. The physical universe is a subject in which many ideas make high demands on students' comprehension and imagination. Students in elementary school can only begin to form notions of stars and matter. The drastically different scales of astronomical and atomic phenomena can be learned only over many years. But it is important that all students develop a sense of the context of place, time, and physical interactions in which their lives occur. Students in the early years are especially curious about how the world works. Consequently, there is a dilemma about when to introduce ideas into the curriculum. On the one hand, rushing to teach elementary students about atoms or galaxies is not likely to be productive. Most students will only learn to recite facts about them, with little comprehension. On the other hand, discussion and images about such imponderables are common in the popular media, and avoiding them seems unreasonable. The curriculum can focus on experiences and ideas that are accessible to children—for example, how different other planets are from the earth, or the different kinds of materials found in nature. And it can build in precursors to eventual understanding, such as observable motions in the sky and observable changes in materials. A. The Universe In earlier times, people everywhere were much more aware of the stars and were familiar with them in ways that few people today are. Back then, people knew the patterns of stars in the night sky, the regularity of the motions of the stars, and how those motions related to the seasons. They used their knowledge to plan the planting of crops and to navigate boats. The constellations, along with the sun, the moon, and the "wanderers"—the planets—have always figured in the efforts of people to explain themselves and their world through stories, myths, religions, and philosophies. For all of that, and for the sheer wonder the stars provoke on a clear, moonless night far from city lights—awe that has inspired the expressive powers of poets, musicians, and artists—science is not needed. Why, then, insist that everyone become familiar with the heavens as portrayed by science? Consider that in cities the night sky is no longer a familiar part of a person's neighborhood. Many people today live in circumstances that deprive them of the chance to see the sky often enough to become personally familiar with it. Fortunately, telescopes, photography, computers, and space probes make up the difference by revealing more of the cosmos in greater detail than ever before. Thus, science education can bring back the sky—not the same sky, but one that is richer and more varied than people's eyes alone had ever led them to imagine. Finding our place in the cosmic scheme of things and how we got here is a task for the ages—past, present, and future. The scientific effort to understand the universe is part of that enduring human imperative, and its successes are a tribute to human curiosity, resourcefulness, intelligence, and doggedness. If being educated means having an informed sense of time and place, then it is essential for a person to be familiar with the scientific aspects of the universe and know something of its origin and structure. In thinking about what students should learn about the heavens, at least three aspects of the current scientific view ought to be taken into account: (1) the composition of the cosmos and its scale of space and time; (2) the principles on which the universe seems to operate; and (3) how the modern view of the universe emerged. The benchmarks in this section deal primarily with composition and scale; principles are dealt with in subsequent sections of the chapter, and some rudiments of the history of the scientific picture appear in Chapter 10: Historical Perspectives. During these years, learning about objects in the sky should be entirely observational and qualitative, for the children are far from ready to understand the magnitudes involved or to make sense out of explanations. The priority is to get the students noticing and describing what the sky looks like to them at different times. They should, for example, observe how the moon appears to change its shape. But it is too soon to name all the moon's phases and much too soon to explain them. Current Version of the Benchmarks Statements By the end of the 2nd grade, students should know that There are more stars in the sky than anyone can easily count, but they are not scattered evenly, and they are not all the same in brightness or color. 4A/P1 The sun can be seen only in the daytime, but the moon can be seen sometimes at night and sometimes during the day. The sun, moon, and stars all appear to move slowly across the sky. 4A/P2 The moon looks a little different every day but looks the same again about every four weeks. 4A/P3 1993 Version of the Benchmarks Statements The moon looks a little different every day, but looks the same again about every four weeks. 4A/P3 Students should begin to develop an inventory of the variety of things in the universe. Planets can be shown to be different from stars in two essential ways—their appearance and their motion. When a modest telescope or pair of binoculars is used instead of the naked eyes, stars only look brighter—and more of them can be seen. The brighter planets, however, clearly are disks. (Not very large disks except in good-sized telescopes, but impressive enough after seeing a lot of stars.) The fixed patterns of stars should be made more explicit, although learning the constellation names is not important in itself. When students know that the star patterns stay the same as they move across the sky (and gradually shift with the seasons), they can then observe that the planets change their position against the pattern of stars. Once students have looked directly at the stars, moon, and planets, use can be made of photographs of planets and their moons and of various collections of stars to point out their variety of size, appearance, and motion. No particular educational value comes from memorizing their names or counting them, although some students will enjoy doing so. Nor should students invest much time in trying to get the scale of distances firmly in mind. As to numbers of stars in the universe, few children will have much of an idea of what a billion is; thousands are enough of a challenge. (At this stage, a billion means more than a person could ever count one-at-a-time in an entire lifetime.) Students' grasp of many of the ideas of the composition and magnitude of the universe has to grow slowly over time. Moreover, in spite of its common depiction, the sun-centered system seriously conflicts with common intuition. Students may need compelling reasons to really abandon their earth-centered views. Unfortunately, some of the best reasons are subtle and make sense only at a fairly high level of sophistication. Some ideas about light and sight are prerequisite to understanding astronomical phenomena. Children should learn early that a large light source at a great distance looks like a small light source that is much closer. This phenomenon should be observed directly (and, if possible, photographically) outside at night. How things are seen by their reflected light is a difficult concept for children at this age, but is probably necessary for them to learn before phases of the moon will make sense. By the end of the 5th grade, students should know that The patterns of stars in the sky stay the same, although they appear to move across the sky nightly, and different stars can be seen in different seasons. 4A/E1 Telescopes magnify the appearance of some distant objects in the sky, including the moon and the planets. The number of stars that can be seen through telescopes is dramatically greater than can be seen by the unaided eye. 4A/E2 Planets change their positions against the background of stars. 4A/E3 The earth is one of several planets that orbit the sun, and the moon orbits around the earth. 4A/E4 Stars are like the sun, some being smaller and some larger, but so far away that they look like points of light. 4A/E5 A large light source at a great distance looks like a small light source that is much closer. 4A/E6** (BSL) Students should add more detail to their picture of the universe, pay increasing attention to matters of scale, and back up their understanding with activities using a variety of astronomical tools. Student access to star finders, telescopes, computer simulations of planetary orbits, or a planetarium can be useful at this level. Figuring out and constructing models of size and distance—for example, of the planets within the solar system—is probably the most effective activity. Models with three dimensions are preferable to pictures and diagrams. Everyone should experience trying to fashion a physical model of the solar system in which the same scale is used for the sizes of the objects and the distances between them (as distinct from most illustrations, in which distances are underrepresented by a factor of 10 or more). Some experiences with how apparent positions of objects differ from different points of observation will make plausible the estimation of distances to the moon and sun. Finding distances by triangulation and scale drawings will help students to understand how the distances to the moon and sun were estimated and why the stars must be very much farther away. (The dependence of apparent size on distance can be used to pose the historically important puzzle that star patterns do not appear any larger from one season to the next, even though the earth swings a hundred million miles closer to them.) Using light years to express astronomical distances is not as straightforward as it seems. (Many adults think of light years as a measure of time.) Beginning with analogs such as "automobile hours" may help. The sun is a medium-sized star located near the edge of a disc-shaped galaxy of stars, part of which can be seen as a glowing band of light that spans the sky on a very clear night. 4A/M1a The universe contains many billions of galaxies, and each galaxy contains many billions of stars. To the naked eye, even the closest of these galaxies is no more than a dim, fuzzy spot. 4A/M1bc The sun is many thousands of times closer to the earth than any other star. Light from the sun takes a few minutes to reach the earth, but light from the next nearest star takes a few years to arrive. The trip to that star would take the fastest rocket thousands of years. 4A/M2abc Some distant galaxies are so far away that their light takes several billion years to reach the earth. People on earth, therefore, see them as they were that long ago in the past. 4A/M2de Nine planets of very different size, composition, and surface features move around the sun in nearly circular orbits. Some planets have a variety of moons and even flat rings of rock and ice particles orbiting around them. Some of these planets and moons show evidence of geologic activity. The earth is orbited by one moon, many artificial satellites, and debris. 4A/M3 Many chunks of rock orbit the sun. Those that meet the earth glow and disintegrate from friction as they plunge through the atmosphere—and sometimes impact the ground. Other chunks of rock mixed with ice have long, off-center orbits that carry them close to the sun, where the sun's radiation (of light and particles) boils off frozen materials from their surfaces and pushes it into a long, illuminated tail. 4A/M4* The sun is a medium-sized star located near the edge of a disk-shaped galaxy of stars, part of which can be seen as a glowing band of light that spans the sky on a very clear night. The universe contains many billions of galaxies, and each galaxy contains many billions of stars. To the naked eye, even the closest of these galaxies is no more than a dim, fuzzy spot. 4A/M1 The sun is many thousands of times closer to the earth than any other star. Light from the sun takes a few minutes to reach the earth, but light from the next nearest star takes a few years to arrive. The trip to that star would take the fastest rocket thousands of years. Some distant galaxies are so far away that their light takes several billion years to reach the earth. People on earth, therefore, see them as they were that long ago in the past. 4A/M2 Nine planets of very different size, composition, and surface features move around the sun in nearly circular orbits. Some planets have a great variety of moons and even flat rings of rock and ice particles orbiting around them. Some of these planets and moons show evidence of geologic activity. The earth is orbited by one moon, many artificial satellites, and debris. 4A/M3 Large numbers of chunks of rock orbit the sun. Some of those that the earth meets in its yearly orbit around the sun glow and disintegrate from friction as they plunge through the atmosphere—and sometimes impact the ground. Other chunks of rocks mixed with ice have long, off-center orbits that carry them close to the sun, where the sun's radiation (of light and particles) boils off frozen material from their surfaces and pushes it into a long, illuminated tail. 4A/M4 This is the time for all of the pieces to come together. Concepts from physics and chemistry, insights from history, mathematical ways of thinking, and ideas about the role of technology in exploring the universe all contribute to a grasp of the character of the cosmos. In particular, the role of gravity in forming and maintaining planets, stars, and the solar system should become clear. The scale of billions will make better sense, and the speed of light can be used to express relative distances conveniently. By the end of the 12th grade, students should know that The stars differ from each other in size, temperature, and age, but they appear to be made up of the same elements found on earth and behave according to the same physical principles. 4A/H1a Unlike the sun, most stars are in systems of two or more stars orbiting around one another. 4A/H1b On the basis of scientific evidence, the universe is estimated to be over ten billion years old. The current theory is that its entire contents expanded explosively from a hot, dense, chaotic mass. 4A/H2ab Stars condensed by gravity out of clouds of molecules of the lightest elements until nuclear fusion of the light elements into heavier ones began to occur. Fusion released great amounts of energy over millions of years. 4A/H2cd Eventually, some stars exploded, producing clouds containing heavy elements from which other stars and planets orbiting them could later condense. The process of star formation and destruction continues. 4A/H2ef Increasingly sophisticated technology is used to learn about the universe. Visual, radio, and X-ray telescopes collect information from across the entire spectrum of electromagnetic waves; computers handle data and complicated computations to interpret them; space probes send back data and materials from remote parts of the solar system; and accelerators give subatomic particles energies that simulate conditions in the stars and in the early history of the universe before stars formed. 4A/H3 Mathematical models and computer simulations are used in studying evidence from many sources in order to form a scientific account of the universe. 4A/H4 As the earth and other planets formed, the heavier elements fell to their centers. On planets close to the sun (Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars), the lightest elements were mostly blown or boiled away by radiation from the newly formed sun; on the outer planets (Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, and Pluto) the lighter elements still surround them as deep atmospheres of gas or as frozen solid layers. 4A/H5** (SFAA) Our solar system coalesced out of a giant cloud of gas and debris left in the wake of exploding stars about five billion years ago. Everything in and on the earth, including living organisms, is made of this material. 4A/H6** (SFAA) The stars differ from each other in size, temperature, and age, but they appear to be made up of the same elements that are found on the earth and to behave according to the same physical principles. Unlike the sun, most stars are in systems of two or more stars orbiting around one another. 4A/H1 On the basis of scientific evidence, the universe is estimated to be over ten billion years old. The current theory is that its entire contents expanded explosively from a hot, dense, chaotic mass. Stars condensed by gravity out of clouds of molecules of the lightest elements until nuclear fusion of the light elements into heavier ones began to occur. Fusion released great amounts of energy over millions of years. Eventually, some stars exploded, producing clouds of heavy elements from which other stars and planets could later condense. The process of star formation and destruction continues. 4A/H2 Increasingly sophisticated technology is used to learn about the universe. Visual, radio, and x-ray telescopes collect information from across the entire spectrum of electromagnetic waves; computers handle an avalanche of data and increasingly complicated computations to interpret them; space probes send back data and materials from the remote parts of the solar system; and accelerators give subatomic particles energies that simulate conditions in the stars and in the early history of the universe before stars formed. 4A/H3 In the current version of Benchmarks Online, the last sentence of this benchmark has been moved to grades 6-8, chapter 11, section B, and recoded as 11B/M4**. B. The Earth An integrated picture of the earth has to develop over many years, with some concepts being visited over and over again in new contexts and greater detail. Some aspects can be learned in science, others in geography; some parts can be purely descriptive, others must draw on physical principles. The benchmarks in this section complement those of the previous section that locate the earth in the cosmos and those of the following section that focus on the surface of the earth. This arrangement does not imply any particular order of teaching. Often, teaching near-at-hand phenomena before teaching the far-distant ones makes sense; on the other hand, sometimes the near-to-far progression that makes sense cognitively may not correspond to what interests children. Perhaps the most important reason for students to study the earth repeatedly is that they take years to acquire the knowledge that they need to complete the picture. The full picture requires the introduction of such concepts as temperature, the water cycle, gravitation, states of matter, chemical concentration, and energy transfer. Understanding of these concepts grows slowly as children mature and encounter them in different contexts. The benchmarks here call for students to be able to explain two phenomena—the seasons and the phases of the moon-that are usually not learned well. Most adults are unable to give even approximately correct explanations for them. Most students are told by teachers what causes the seasons and the phases of the moon, and they read about them without understanding. Moon phases are difficult because of students' unfamiliarity with the geometry of light and "seeing." To help figure out the geometry, students can act out the sun-earth-moon relationships and make physical models. In trying to understand the seasons, students have difficulties regarding geometry and solar radiation. Students need direct experience with light and surfaces—shadows, reflection, and warming effects at different angles. There are many ways to acquaint children with earth-related phenomena that they will only come to understand later as being cyclic. For instance, students can start to keep daily records of temperature (hot, cold, pleasant) and precipitation (none, some, lots), and plot them by week, month, and years. It is enough for students to spot the pattern of ups and downs, without getting deeply into the nature of climate. They should become familiar with the freezing of water and melting of ice (with no change in weight), the disappearance of wetness into the air, and the appearance of water on cold surfaces. Evaporation and condensation will mean nothing different from disappearance and appearance, perhaps for several years, until students begin to understand that the evaporated water is still present in the form of invisibly small molecules. The temperature and amount of rain (or snow) tend to be high, low, or medium in the same months every year. 4B/P1* Water can be a liquid or a solid and can go back and forth from one form to the other. If water is turned into ice and then the ice is allowed to melt, the amount of water is the same as it was before freezing. 4B/P2 Water left in an open container disappears, but water in a closed container does not disappear. 4B/P3 Some events in nature have a repeating pattern. The weather changes some from day to day, but things such as temperature and rain (or snow) tend to be high, low, or medium in the same months every year. 4B/P1 In the current version of Benchmarks Online, the first sentence of this benchmark has been moved to grades 3-5, chapter 11, section C, and recoded as 11C/E4**. During this period, students can begin to learn some of the surface features of the earth and also the earth's relation to the sun, moon, and other planets. Films, computer simulations, a planetarium, and telescopic observations will help, but it is essential that all students, sometimes working together in small groups, make physical models and explain what the models show. At the same time, students can begin learning about scale (counting, comparative distances, volumes, times, etc.) in interesting, readily understood activities and readings. However, scale factors larger than thousands, and even the idea of ratios, may be difficult before early adolescence. An important point to be made along the way is that one cannot determine how the solar system is put together just by looking at it. Diagrams show what the system would look like if people could see it from far away, a feat that cannot be accomplished. Telescopes and other instruments do provide information, but a model is really needed to make sense out of the information. (The realization that people are not able to see, from the outside, how the solar system is constructed will help students understand the basis for the Copernican Revolution when the topic arises later.) In making diagrams to show, say, the relative sizes of the planets and the distances of the planets from the sun, students may try to combine them using a single scale—and quickly become frustrated. Perhaps this can lead to a discussion of the general limits of graphic methods (including photographs) for showing reality. In any case, at this stage a rough picture of the organization of the solar system is enough. Water offers another important set of experiences for students at this level. Students can conduct investigations that go beyond the observations made in the earlier grades to learn the connection between liquid and solid forms, but recognizing that water can also be a gas, while much more difficult, is still probably accessible. Perhaps the main thrust there is to try to figure out where water in an open container goes. This is neither self-evident nor easy to detect. But the water cycle is of such profound importance to life on earth that students should certainly have experiences that will in time contribute to their understanding of evaporation, condensation, and the conservation of matter. Things on or near the earth are pulled toward it by the earth's gravity. 4B/E1 The earth is approximately spherical in shape. Like the earth, the sun and planets are spheres. 4B/E2a* The rotation of the earth on its axis every 24 hours produces the night-and-day cycle. To people on earth, this turning of the planet makes it seem as though the sun, moon, planets, and stars are orbiting the earth once a day. 4B/E2bc When liquid water disappears, it turns into a gas (vapor) in the air and can reappear as a liquid when cooled, or as a solid if cooled below the freezing point of water. Clouds and fog are made of tiny droplets or frozen crystals of water. 4B/E3* Air is a material that surrounds us and takes up space and whose movement we feel as wind. 4B/E4* The weather is always changing and can be described by measurable quantities such as temperature, wind direction and speed, and precipitation. Large masses of air with certain properties move across the surface of the earth. The movement and interaction of these air masses is used to forecast the weather. 4B/E5** (NSES) In the current version of Benchmarks Online, this benchmark has been deleted because the ideas in it are addressed in benchmark 4G/E1* Like all planets and stars, the earth is approximately spherical in shape. The rotation of the earth on its axis every 24 hours produces the night-and-day cycle. To people on earth, this turning of the planet makes it seem as though the sun, moon, planets, and stars are orbiting the earth once a day. 4B/E2 When liquid water disappears, it turns into a gas (vapor) in the air and can reappear as a liquid when cooled, or as a solid if cooled below the freezing point of water. Clouds and fog are made of tiny droplets of water. 4B/E3 Air is a substance that surrounds us, takes up space, and whose movement we feel as wind. 4B/E4 Students can now consolidate their prior knowledge of the earth (as a planet) by adding more details (especially about climate), getting a firmer grasp of the geometry involved in explaining the seasons and phases of the moon, improving their ability to handle scale, and shifting their frame of reference away from the earth when needed. An inevitable paradox of the large scales involved is that an ocean that is difficult to imagine being 7 miles deep also can be considered a "relatively thin" layer on the earth's surface. Students should exercise their understanding of the paradox, perhaps by debating provocative questions such as "Is the ocean amazingly deep or amazingly shallow?" Gravity, earlier thought of as acting toward the ground, can by now be thought of as acting toward the center of the spherical earth and reaching indefinitely into space. It is also time for students to begin to look at the planet's role in sustaining life—a complex subject that involves many different issues and benchmarks. In this section, the emphasis is on water and air as essential resources. The cause of the seasons is a subtle combination of global and orbital geometry and of the effects of radiation at different angles. Students can learn part of the story at this grade level, but a complete picture cannot be expected until later. The earth is mostly rock. Three-fourths of the earth's surface is covered by a relatively thin layer of water (some of it frozen), and the entire planet is surrounded by a relatively thin layer of air. 4B/M2ab* Earth is the only body in the solar system that appears able to support life. The other planets have compositions and conditions very different from the earth's. 4B/M2cd Everything on or anywhere near the earth is pulled toward the earth's center by gravitational force. 4B/M3 The moon's orbit around the earth once in about 28 days changes what part of the moon is lighted by the sun and how much of that part can be seen from the earth- the phases of the moon. 4B/M5 Climates have sometimes changed abruptly in the past as a result of volcanic eruptions or impacts of huge rocks from space. 4B/M6* Water evaporates from the surface of the earth, rises and cools, condenses into rain or snow, and falls again to the surface. The water falling on land collects in rivers and lakes, soil, and porous layers of rock, and much of it flows back into the oceans. The cycling of water in and out of the atmosphere is a significant aspect of the weather patterns on Earth. 4B/M7* Fresh water, limited in supply, is essential for some organisms and industrial processes. Water in rivers, lakes, and underground can be depleted or polluted, making it unavailable or unsuitable for life. 4B/M8* Thermal energy carried by ocean currents has a strong influence on climates around the world. Areas near oceans tend to have more moderate temperatures than they would if they were farther inland but at the same latitude because water in the oceans can hold a large amount of thermal energy. 4B/M9* Some material resources are very rare and some exist in great quantities. The ability to obtain and process resources depends on where they are located and the form they are in. As resources are depleted, they may become more difficult to obtain. 4B/M10ab* Recycling materials and the development of substitutes for those materials can reduce the rate of depletion of resources but may also be costly. Some materials are not easily recycled. 4B/M10c* The wasteful or unnecessary use of natural resources can limit their availability for other purposes. Restoring depleted soil, forests, or fishing grounds can be difficult and costly. 4B/M11a* The benefits of Earth's resources—such as fresh water, air, soil, and trees—can be reduced by deliberately or inadvertently polluting them. The atmosphere, the oceans, and the land have a limited capacity to absorb and recycle waste materials. In addition, some materials take a long time to degrade. Therefore, cleaning up polluted air, water, or soil can be difficult and costly. 4B/M11bc* The temperature of a place on the earth's surface tends to rise and fall in a somewhat predictable pattern every day and over the course of a year. The pattern of temperature changes observed in a place tends to vary depending on how far north or south of the equator the place is, how near to oceans it is, and how high above sea level it is. 4B/M12** The number of hours of daylight and the intensity of the sunlight both vary in a predictable pattern that depends on how far north or south of the equator the place is. This variation explains why temperatures vary over the course of the year and at different locations. 4B/M13** The earth has a variety of climates, defined by average temperature, precipitation, humidity, air pressure, and wind, over time in a particular place. 4B/M14** The atmosphere is a mixture of nitrogen, oxygen, and trace amounts of water vapor, carbon dioxide, and other gases. 4B/M15** (NSES) We live on a relatively small planet, the third from the sun in the only system of planets definitely known to exist (although other, similar systems may be discovered in the universe). 4B/M1 In the current version of Benchmarks Online, this benchmark has been deleted. The earth is mostly rock. Three-fourths of its surface is covered by a relatively thin layer of water (some of it frozen), and the entire planet is surrounded by a relatively thin blanket of air. It is the only body in the solar system that appears able to support life. The other planets have compositions and conditions very different from the earth's. 4B/M2 Because the earth turns daily on an axis that is tilted relative to the plane of the earth's yearly orbit around the sun, sunlight falls more intensely on different parts of the earth during the year. The difference in heating of the earth's surface produces the planet's seasons and weather patterns. 4B/M4 In the current version of Benchmarks Online, this benchmark has been moved to grades 9–12 and recoded as 4B/H3**. The moon's orbit around the earth once in about 28 days changes what part of the moon is lighted by the sun and how much of that part can be seen from the earth—the phases of the moon. 4B/M5 Climates have sometimes changed abruptly in the past as a result of changes in the earth's crust, such as volcanic eruptions or impacts of huge rocks from space. Even relatively small changes in atmospheric or ocean content can have widespread effects on climate if the change lasts long enough. 4B/M6 The cycling of water in and out of the atmosphere plays an important role in determining climatic patterns. Water evaporates from the surface of the earth, rises and cools, condenses into rain or snow, and falls again to the surface. The water falling on land collects in rivers and lakes, soil, and porous layers of rock, and much of it flows back into the ocean. 4B/M7 Fresh water, limited in supply, is essential for life and also for most industrial processes. Rivers, lakes, and groundwater can be depleted or polluted, becoming unavailable or unsuitable for life. 4B/M8 Heat energy carried by ocean currents has a strong influence on climate around the world. 4B/M9 Some minerals are very rare and some exist in great quantities, but—for practical purposes—the ability to recover them is just as important as their abundance. As minerals are depleted, obtaining them becomes more difficult. Recycling and the development of substitutes can reduce the rate of depletion but may also be costly. 4B/M10 The benefits of the earth's resources—such as fresh water, air, soil, and trees—can be reduced by using them wastefully or by deliberately or inadvertently destroying them. The atmosphere and the oceans have a limited capacity to absorb wastes and recycle materials naturally. Cleaning up polluted air, water, or soil or restoring depleted soil, forests, or fishing grounds can be very difficult and costly. 4B/M11 Two important strands of understanding can now be pulled together to enrich students' views of the physical setting. One strand connects such physical concepts and principles as energy, gravitation, conservation, and radiation to the descriptive picture that students have built in their minds about the operation of the planets. The other strand consists of the Copernican Revolution, which illustrates the place of technology, mathematics, experimentation, and theory in scientific breakthroughs. In the context of thinking about how the solar system is put together, this historical event unites physics and astronomy, involves colorful personalities, and raises deep philosophical and political issues. Life is adapted to conditions on the earth, including the force of gravity that enables the planet to retain an adequate atmosphere, and an intensity of electromagnetic waves from the sun that allows water to be present in the liquid state. 4B/H1* Transfer of thermal energy between the atmosphere and the land or oceans produces temperature gradients in the atmosphere and the oceans. Regions at different temperatures rise or sink or mix, resulting in winds and ocean currents. These winds and ocean currents, which are also affected by the earth's rotation and the shape of the land, carry thermal energy from warm to cool areas. 4B/H2* Because the earth turns daily on an axis that is tilted relative to the plane of the earth's yearly orbit around the sun, sunlight falls more intensely on different parts of the earth during the year. The difference in intensity of sunlight and the resulting warming of the earth's surface produces the seasonal variations in temperature. 4B/H3** (BSL) Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, such as carbon dioxide and water vapor, are transparent to much of the incoming sunlight but not to the infrared light from the warmed surface of the earth. When greenhouse gases increase, more thermal energy is trapped in the atmosphere, and the temperature of the earth increases the light energy radiated into space until it again equals the light energy absorbed from the sun. 4B/H4** (SFAA) Climatic conditions result from latitude, altitude, and from the position of mountain ranges, oceans, and lakes. Dynamic processes such as cloud formation, ocean currents, and atmospheric circulation patterns influence climates as well. 4B/H5** (NSES) The earth's climates have changed in the past, are currently changing, and are expected to change in the future, primarily due to changes in the amount of light reaching places on the earth and the composition of the atmosphere. The burning of fossil fuels in the last century has increased the amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, which has contributed to Earth's warming. 4B/H6** (SFAA) The earth has many natural resources of great importance to human life. Some are readily renewable, some are renewable only at great cost, and some are not renewable at all. 4B/H8** (SFAA) Although the earth has a great capacity to absorb and recycle materials naturally, ecosystems have only a finite capacity to withstand change without experiencing major ecological alterations that may also have adverse effects on human activities. 4B/H9** (SFAA) Life is adapted to conditions on the earth, including the force of gravity that enables the planet to retain an adequate atmosphere, and an intensity of radiation from the sun that allows water to cycle between liquid and vapor. 4B/H1 Weather (in the short run) and climate (in the long run) involve the transfer of energy in and out of the atmosphere. Solar radiation heats the land masses, oceans, and air. Transfer of heat energy at the boundaries between the atmosphere, the land masses, and the oceans results in layers of different temperatures and densities in both the ocean and atmosphere. The action of gravitational force on regions of different densities causes them to rise or fall—and such circulation, influenced by the rotation of the earth, produces winds and ocean currents. 4B/H2 C. Processes that Shape the Earth Students should learn what causes earthquakes, volcanos, and floods and how those events shape the surface of the earth. Students, however, may show more interest in the phenomena than in the role the phenomena play in sculpting the earth. So teachers should start with students' immediate interests and work toward the science. Students may find it harder to take seriously the less-obvious, less-dramatic, long-term effects of erosion by wind and water, annual deposits of sediment, the creep of continents, and the rise of mountains. Students' recognition of those effects will depend on an improving sense of long time periods and familiarity with the effect of multiplying tiny fractions by very large numbers (in this case, slow rates by long times). Students can start in the early grades with the ways in which organisms, themselves included, modify their surroundings. As people have used earth resources, they have altered some earth systems. Students can gradually come to recognize how human behavior affects the earth's capacity to sustain life. Questions of environmental policy should be pursued when students become interested in them, usually in the middle grades or later, but care should be taken not to bypass science for advocacy. Critical thinking based on scientific concepts and understanding is the primary goal for science education. Teaching geological facts about how the face of the earth changes serves little purpose in these early years. Students should start becoming familiar with all aspects of their immediate surroundings, including what things change and what seems to cause change. Perhaps "changing things" can be a category in a class portfolio of things students observe and read about. At some point, students can start thinking up and trying out safe and helpful ways to change parts of their environment. Chunks of rocks come in many sizes and shapes, from boulders to grains of sand and even smaller. 4C/P1 Change is something that happens to many things. 4C/P2 Animals and plants sometimes cause changes in their surroundings. 4C/P3 In these years, students should accumulate more information about the physical environment, becoming familiar with the details of geological features, observing and mapping locations of hills, valleys, rivers, etc., but without elaborate classification. Students should also become adept at using magnifiers to inspect a variety of rocks and soils. The point is not to classify rigorously but to notice the variety of components. Students should now observe elementary processes of the rock cycle—erosion, transport, and deposit. Water and sand boxes and rock tumblers can provide them with some firsthand examples. Later, they can connect the features to the processes and follow explanations of how the features came to be and still are changing. Students can build devices for demonstrating how wind and water shape the land and how forces on materials can make wrinkles, folds, and faults. Films of volcanic magma and ash ejection dramatize another source of buildup. Waves, wind, water, and ice shape and reshape the earth's land surface by eroding rock and soil in some areas and depositing them in other areas, sometimes in seasonal layers. 4C/E1 Rock is composed of different combinations of minerals. Smaller rocks come from the breakage and weathering of bedrock and larger rocks. Soil is made partly from weathered rock, partly from plant remains—and also contains many living organisms. 4C/E2 At this level, students are able to complete most of their understanding of the main features of the physical and biological factors that shape the face of the earth. This understanding will still be descriptive because the theory of plate tectonics will not be encountered formally until high school. Of course, students should see as great a variety of landforms and soils as possible. It is especially important that students come to understand how sedimentary rock is formed periodically, embedding plant and animal remains and leaving a record of the sequence in which the plants and animals appeared and disappeared. Besides the relative age of the rock layers, the absolute age of those remains is central to the argument that there has been enough time for evolution of species. The process of sedimentation is understandable and observable. But imagining the span of geologic time will be difficult for students. The interior of the earth is hot. Heat flow and movement of material within the earth cause earthquakes and volcanic eruptions and create mountains and ocean basins. Gas and dust from large volcanoes can change the atmosphere. 4C/M1 Some changes in the earth's surface are abrupt (such as earthquakes and volcanic eruptions) while other changes happen very slowly (such as uplift and wearing down of mountains). 4C/M2a The earth's surface is shaped in part by the motion of water (including ice) and wind over very long times, which acts to level mountain ranges. Rivers and glacial ice carry off soil and break down rock, eventually depositing the material in sediments or carrying it in solution to the sea. 4C/M2b* Sediments of sand and smaller particles (sometimes containing the remains of organisms) are gradually buried and are cemented together by dissolved minerals to form solid rock again. 4C/M3 Sedimentary rock buried deep enough may be re-formed by pressure and heat, perhaps melting and recrystallizing into different kinds of rock. These re-formed rock layers may be forced up again to become land surface and even mountains. Subsequently, this new rock too will erode. Rock bears evidence of the minerals, temperatures, and forces that created it. 4C/M4 Thousands of layers of sedimentary rock confirm the long history of the changing surface of the earth and the changing life forms whose remains are found in successive layers. The youngest layers are not always found on top, because of folding, breaking, and uplift of layers. 4C/M5 Although weathered rock is the basic component of soil, the composition and texture of soil and its fertility and resistance to erosion are greatly influenced by plant roots and debris, bacteria, fungi, worms, insects, rodents, and other organisms. 4C/M6 Human activities, such as reducing the amount of forest cover, increasing the amount and variety of chemicals released into the atmosphere, and intensive farming, have changed the earth's land, oceans, and atmosphere. Some of these changes have decreased the capacity of the environment to support some life forms. 4C/M7 There are a variety of different land forms on the earth's surface (such as coastlines, rivers, mountains, deltas, and canyons). 4C/M8** (BSL) Matching coastlines and similarities in rock types and life forms suggest that today's continents are separated parts of what was long ago a single continent. 4C/M9** (SFAA) The earth first formed in a molten state and then the surface cooled into solid rock. 4C/M10** (ASL) The outer layer of the earth—including both the continents and the ocean basins—consists of separate plates. 4C/M11** (BSL) The earth's plates sit on a dense, hot, somewhat melted layer of the earth. The plates move very slowly, pressing against one another in some places and pulling apart in other places, sometimes scraping alongside each other as they do. Mountains form as two continental plates, or an ocean plate and a continental plate, press together. 4C/M12** (BSL) There are worldwide patterns to major geological events (such as earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and mountain building) that coincide with plate boundaries. 4C/M13** (BSL) Some changes in the earth's surface are abrupt (such as earthquakes and volcanic eruptions) while other changes happen very slowly (such as uplift and wearing down of mountains). The earth's surface is shaped in part by the motion of water and wind over very long times, which act to level mountain ranges. 4C/M2 Sedimentary rock buried deep enough may be reformed by pressure and heat, perhaps melting and recrystallizing into different kinds of rock. These re-formed rock layers may be forced up again to become land surface and even mountains. Subsequently, this new rock too will erode. Rock bears evidence of the minerals, temperatures, and forces that created it. 4C/M4 The thrust of study should now turn to modern explanations for the phenomena the students have learned descriptively and to consideration of the effects that human activities have on the earth's surface. Knowledge of radioactivity helps them understand how rocks can be dated, which helps them appreciate the scale of geologic time. Plants on land and under water alter the earth's atmosphere by removing carbon dioxide from it, using the carbon to make sugars and releasing oxygen. This process is responsible for the oxygen content of the air. 4C/H1* The formation, weathering, sedimentation, and reformation of rock constitute a continuing "rock cycle" in which the total amount of material stays the same as its forms change. 4C/H2 The outward transfer of the earth's internal heat causes regions of different temperatures and densities. The action of a gravitational force on regions of different densities causes the rise and fall of material between the earth's surface and interior, which is responsible for the movement of plates. 4C/H3* Earthquakes often occur along the boundaries between colliding plates, and molten rock from below creates pressure that is released by volcanic eruptions, helping to build up mountains. Under the ocean basins, molten rock may well up between separating plates to create new ocean floor. Volcanic activity along the ocean floor may form undersea mountains, which can thrust above the ocean's surface to become islands. 4C/H5 Scientific evidence indicates that some rock layers are several billion years old. 4C/H6** (BSL) Plants alter the earth's atmosphere by removing carbon dioxide from it, using the carbon to make sugars and releasing oxygen. This process is responsible for the oxygen content of the air. 4C/H1 The slow movement of material within the earth results from heat flowing out from the deep interior and the action of gravitational forces on regions of different density. 4C/H3 The solid crust of the earth—including both the continents and the ocean basins—consists of separate plates that ride on a denser, hot, gradually deformable layer of the earth. The crust sections move very slowly, pressing against one another in some places, pulling apart in other places. Ocean-floor plates may slide under continental plates, sinking deep into the earth. The surface layers of these plates may fold, forming mountain ranges. 4C/H4 In the current version of Benchmarks Online, this benchmark has been moved to grades 6-8, split into two separate benchmarks, and recoded as 4C/M11** and 4C/M12**. D. The Structure of Matter This section may have the most implications for students' eventual understanding of the picture that science paints of how the world works. And it may offer great challenges too. Atomic theory powerfully explains many phenomena, but it demands imagination and the joining of several lines of evidence. Students must know about the properties of materials and their combinations, changes of state, effects of temperature, behavior of large collections of pieces, the construction of items from parts, and even about the desirability of nice, simple explanations. All of these elements should be introduced in middle school so the unifying idea of atoms can begin by the end of the 8th grade. The scientific understanding of atoms and molecules requires combining two closely related ideas: All substances are composed of invisible particles, and all substances are made up of a limited number of basic ingredients, or "elements." These two merge into the idea that combining the particles of the basic ingredients differently leads to millions of materials with different properties. Students often get the idea that atoms somehow just fill matter up rather than the correct idea that the atoms are the matter. Middle-school students also have trouble with the idea that atoms are in continual motion. Coming to terms with these concepts is necessary for students to make sense of atomic theory and its explanatory power. The strategy here is to describe the complexity of atoms gradually, using evidence and explanations from several connected story lines. Students first learn the notion that atoms make up objects, not merely occupy space inside them; then they are introduced to crystal arrays and molecules. With this understanding, they can imagine how molecules and crystals lead to visible, tangible matter. Only then should the study of the internal structure of atoms be taken up. Bringing atomic and molecular theory into the earlier grades is a great temptation, but most students are not ready to understand atomic theory before adolescence. The theory is certainly essential to much of modern scientific explanation, but moving atomic/molecular theory forward to the earlier grades should be resisted. The tiny size and huge number of atoms in even a sand grain are vastly beyond even adult experience. Having students memorize the names of invisible things and their parts gets things backward and wastes time. Concrete perceptions must come before abstract explanations. Students need to become familiar with the physical and chemical properties of many different kinds of materials through firsthand experience before they can be expected to consider theories that explain them. There seems to be no tidy and consistent way to relate the terms atom, molecule, ion, polymer, and crystal. A facility in discussing these terms will grow slowly over time. Students should also not rush into discussions of nuclear theory. The abstractions are too formidable. The emptiness of the atom and its electrical balance, isotopes, decay, and radiation challenge the human mind. The preparations for these concepts should be developed carefully over several years so they can converge in high school. Students should examine and use a wide variety of objects, categorizing them according to their various observable properties. They should subject materials to such treatments as mixing, heating, freezing, cutting, wetting, dissolving, bending, and exposing to light to see how they change. Even though it is too early to expect precise reports or even consistent results from the students, they should be encouraged to describe what they did and how materials responded. Students should also get a lot of experience in constructing things from a few kinds of small parts ("Tinkertoys" and "Legos"), then taking them apart and rearranging them. They should begin to consider how the properties of objects may differ from properties of the materials they are made of. And they should begin to inspect things with a magnifying glass to discover features not visible without it. Objects can be described in terms of their properties. Some properties, such as hardness and flexibility, depend upon what material the object is made of, and some properties, such as size and shape, do not. 4D/P1* Things can be done to materials to change some of their properties, but not all materials respond the same way to what is done to them. 4D/P2 Objects can be described in terms of the materials they are made of (clay, cloth, paper, etc.) and their physical properties (color, size, shape, weight, texture, flexibility, etc.). 4D/P1 The study of materials should continue and become more systematic and quantitative. Students should design and build objects that require different properties of materials. They should write clear descriptions of their designs and experiments, present their findings whenever possible in tables and graphs (designed by the students, not the teacher), and enter their data and results in a computer database. Objects and materials can be described by more sophisticated properties—conduction of heat and electricity, buoyancy, response to magnets, solubility, and transparency. Students should measure, estimate, and calculate sizes, capacities, and weights. If young children can't feel the weight of something, they may believe it to have no weight at all. Many experiences of weighing (if possible on increasingly sensitive balances)—including weighing piles of small things and dividing to find the weight of each—will help. It is not obvious to elementary students that wholes weigh the same as the sum of their parts. That idea is preliminary to, but far short of, the conservation principle to be learned later that weight doesn't change in spite of striking changes in other properties as long as all the parts (including invisible gases) are accounted for. With magnifiers, students should inspect substances composed of large collections of particles, such as salt and talcum powder, to discover the unexpected details at smaller scales. They should also observe and describe the behavior of large collections of pieces—powders, marbles, sugar cubes, or wooden blocks (which can, for example, be "poured" out of a container) and consider that the collections may have new properties that the pieces do not. Heating and cooling can cause changes in the properties of materials, but not all materials respond the same way to being heated and cooled. 4D/E1a* Many kinds of changes occur faster under hotter conditions. 4D/E1b No matter how parts of an object are assembled, the weight of the whole object is always the same as the sum of the parts; and when an object is broken into parts, the parts have the same total weight as the original object. 4D/E2* Materials may be composed of parts that are too small to be seen without magnification. 4D/E3 When a new material is made by combining two or more materials, it has properties that are different from the original materials. 4D/E4a A lot of different materials can be made from a small number of basic kinds of materials. 4D/E4b* Substances may move from place to place, but they never appear out of nowhere and never just disappear. 4D/E5** (ASL) All materials have certain physical properties, such as strength, hardness, flexibility, durability, resistance to water and fire, and ease of conducting heat. 4D/E6** (SFAA) Collections of pieces (powders, marbles, sugar cubes, or wooden blocks) may have properties that the individual pieces do not. 4D/E7** (ASL) Heating and cooling cause changes in the properties of materials. Many kinds of changes occur faster under hotter conditions. 4D/E1 No matter how parts of an object are assembled, the weight of the whole object made is always the same as the sum of the parts; and when a thing is broken into parts, the parts have the same total weight as the original thing. 4D/E2 When a new material is made by combining two or more materials, it has properties that are different from the original materials. For that reason, a lot of different materials can be made from a small number of basic kinds of materials. 4D/E4 The structure of matter is difficult for this grade span. Historically, much of the evidence and reasoning used in developing atomic/molecular theory was complicated and abstract. In traditional curricula too, very difficult ideas have been offered to children before most of them had any chance of understanding. The law of definite proportions in chemical combinations, so obvious when atoms (and proportions) are well understood, is not likely to be helpful at this level. The behavior of gases—such as their compressibility and their expansion with temperature—may be investigated for qualitative explanation; but the mathematics of quantitative gas laws is likely to be more confusing than helpful to most students. When students first begin to understand atoms, they cannot confidently make the distinction between atoms and molecules or make distinctions that depend upon it—among elements, mixtures, and compounds, or between "chemical" and "physical" changes. An understanding of how things happen on the atomic level—making and breaking bonds—is more important than memorizing the official definitions (which are not so clear in modern chemistry anyway). Definitions can, of course, be memorized with no understanding at all. Going into details of the structure of the atom is unnecessary at this level, and holding back makes sense. By the end of the 8th grade, students should have sufficient grasp of the general idea that a wide variety of phenomena can be explained by alternative arrangements of vast numbers of invisibly tiny, moving parts. Possible differences in atoms of the same element should be avoided at this stage. Historically, the identical nature of atoms of the same element was an assumption of atomic theory for a very long time. When isotopes are introduced later, to explain subsequent observations, they can be a surprise and a lesson in the nature of progress in science. The alternative—teaching atoms' variety at the same time as the notion of their identity—seems likely to be prohibitively confusing to most students. To that end, students should become familiar with characteristics of different states of matter—now including gases—and transitions between them. Most important, students should see a great many examples of reactions between substances that produce new substances very different from the reactants. Then they can begin to absorb the rudiments of atomic/molecular theory, being helped to see that the value of the notion of atoms lies in the explanations it provides for a wide variety of behavior of matter. Each new aspect of the theory should be developed as an explanation for some observed phenomenon and grasped fairly well before going on to the next. All matter is made up of atoms, which are far too small to see directly through a microscope. 4D/M1a The atoms of any element are like other atoms of the same element, but are different from the atoms of other elements. 4D/M1b* Atoms may link together in well-defined molecules, or may be packed together in crystal patterns. Different arrangements of atoms into groups compose all substances and determine the characteristic properties of substances. 4D/M1cd* Equal volumes of different materials usually have different masses. 4D/M2* Atoms and molecules are perpetually in motion. Increased temperature means greater average energy of motion, so most substances expand when heated. 4D/M3ab In solids, the atoms or molecules are closely locked in position and can only vibrate. In liquids, they have higher energy, are more loosely connected, and can slide past one another; some molecules may get enough energy to escape into a gas. In gases, the atoms or molecules have still more energy and are free of one another except during occasional collisions. 4D/M3cd The temperature and acidity of a solution influence reaction rates. Many substances dissolve in water, which may greatly facilitate reactions between them. 4D/M4 Chemical elements are those substances that do not break down during normal laboratory reactions involving such treatments as heating, exposure to electric current, or reaction with acids. All substances from living and nonliving things can be broken down to a set of about 100 elements, but since most elements tend to combine with others, few elements are found in their pure form. 4D/M5* There are groups of elements that have similar properties, including highly reactive metals, less-reactive metals, highly reactive nonmetals (such as chlorine, fluorine, and oxygen), and some almost completely nonreactive gases (such as helium and neon). 4D/M6a An important kind of reaction between substances involves the combination of oxygen with something else—as in burning or rusting. 4D/M6b* Carbon and hydrogen are common elements of living matter. 4D/M6c* No matter how substances within a closed system interact with one another, or how they combine or break apart, the total mass of the system remains the same. 4D/M7a* The idea of atoms explains the conservation of matter: If the number of atoms stays the same no matter how the same atoms are rearranged, then their total mass stays the same. 4D/M7b Most substances can exist as a solid, liquid, or gas depending on temperature. 4D/M8** (SFAA) Materials vary in how they respond to electric currents, magnetic forces, and visible light or other electromagnetic waves. 4D/M9** A substance has characteristic properties such as density, a boiling point, and solubility, all of which are independent of the amount of the substance and can be used to identify it. 4D/M10** (NSES) Substances react chemically in characteristic ways with other substances to form new substances with different characteristic properties. 4D/M11** (NSES) If samples of both the original substances and the final substances involved in a chemical reaction are broken down, they are found to be made up of the same set of elements. 4D/M12** The idea of atoms explains chemical reactions: When substances interact to form new substances, the atoms that make up the molecules of the original substances combine in new ways. 4D/M13** All matter is made up of atoms, which are far too small to see directly through a microscope. The atoms of any element are alike but are different from atoms of other elements. Atoms may stick together in well-defined molecules or may be packed together in large arrays. Different arrangements of atoms into groups compose all substances. 4D/M1 Equal volumes of different substances usually have different weights. 4D/M2 Atoms and molecules are perpetually in motion. Increased temperature means greater average energy of motion, so most substances expand when heated. In solids, the atoms are closely locked in position and can only vibrate. In liquids, the atoms or molecules have higher energy, are more loosely connected, and can slide past one another; some molecules may get enough energy to escape into a gas. In gases, the atoms or molecules have still more energy and are free of one another except during occasional collisions. 4D/M3 Scientific ideas about elements were borrowed from some Greek philosophers of 2,000 years earlier, who believed that everything was made from four basic substances: air, earth, fire, and water. It was the combinations of these "elements" in different proportions that gave other substances their observable properties. The Greeks were wrong about those four, but now over 100 different elements have been identified, some rare and some plentiful, out of which everything is made. Because most elements tend to combine with others, few elements are found in their pure form. 4D/M5 There are groups of elements that have similar properties, including highly reactive metals, less-reactive metals, highly reactive nonmetals (such as chlorine, fluorine, and oxygen), and some almost completely nonreactive gases (such as helium and neon). An especially important kind of reaction between substances involves combination of oxygen with something else—as in burning or rusting. Some elements don't fit into any of the categories; among them are carbon and hydrogen, essential elements of living matter. 4D/M6 No matter how substances within a closed system interact with one another, or how they combine or break apart, the total weight of the system remains the same. The idea of atoms explains the conservation of matter: If the number of atoms stays the same no matter how they are rearranged, then their total mass stays the same. 4D/M7 Understanding the general architecture of the atom and the roles played by the main constituents of the atom in determining the properties of materials now becomes relevant. Having learned earlier that all the atoms of an element are identical and are different from those of all other elements, students now come up against the idea that, on the contrary, atoms of the same element can differ in important ways. This revelation is an opportunity as well as a complication—scientific knowledge grows by modifications, sometimes radical, of previous theories. Sometimes advances have been made by neglecting small inconsistencies, and then further advances have been made later by attending closely to those inconsistencies. Students may at first take isotopes to be something in addition to atoms or as only the unusual, unstable nuclides. The most important features of isotopes (with respect to general scientific literacy) are their nearly identical chemical behavior and their different nuclear stabilities. Insisting on the rigorous use of isotope and nuclide is probably not worthwhile, and the latter term can be ignored. The idea of half-life requires that students understand ratios and the multiplication of fractions, and be somewhat comfortable with probability. Games with manipulative or computer simulations should help them in getting the idea of how a constant proportional rate of decay is consistent with declining measures that only gradually approach zero. The mathematics of inferring backwards from measurements to age is not appropriate for most students. They need only know that such calculations are possible. Atoms are made of a positively charged nucleus surrounded by negatively charged electrons. The nucleus is a tiny fraction of the volume of an atom but makes up almost all of its mass. The nucleus is composed of protons and neutrons which have roughly the same mass but differ in that protons are positively charged while neutrons have no electric charge. 4D/H1* The number of protons in the nucleus determines what an atom's electron configuration can be and so defines the element. An atom's electron configuration, particularly the outermost electrons, determines how the atom can interact with other atoms. Atoms form bonds to other atoms by transferring or sharing electrons. 4D/H2* Although neutrons have little effect on how an atom interacts with other atoms, the number of neutrons does affect the mass and stability of the nucleus. Isotopes of the same element have the same number of protons (and therefore of electrons) but differ in the number of neutrons. 4D/H3* The nucleus of radioactive isotopes is unstable and spontaneously decays, emitting particles and/or wavelike radiation. It cannot be predicted exactly when, if ever, an unstable nucleus will decay, but a large group of identical nuclei decay at a predictable rate. This predictability of decay rate allows radioactivity to be used for estimating the age of materials that contain radioactive substances. 4D/H4 Scientists continue to investigate atoms and have discovered even smaller constituents of which neutrons and protons are made. 4D/H5 When elements are listed in order by the masses of their atoms, the same sequence of properties appears over and over again in the list. 4D/H6 Atoms often join with one another in various combinations in distinct molecules or in repeating three-dimensional crystal patterns. 4D/H7a An enormous variety of biological, chemical, and physical phenomena can be explained by changes in the arrangement and motion of atoms and molecules. 4D/H7b The configuration of atoms in a molecule determines the molecule's properties. Shapes are particularly important in how large molecules interact with others. 4D/H8 The rate of reactions among atoms and molecules depends on how often they encounter one another, which is affected by the concentration, pressure, and temperature of the reacting materials. 4D/H9a Some atoms and molecules are highly effective in encouraging the interaction of others. 4D/H9b The physical properties of compounds reflect the nature of the interactions among its molecules. These interactions are determined by the structure of the molecule, including the constituent atoms and the distances and angles between them. 4D/H10** Atoms are made of a positive nucleus surrounded by negative electrons. An atom's electron configuration, particularly the outermost electrons, determines how the atom can interact with other atoms. Atoms form bonds to other atoms by transferring or sharing electrons. 4D/H1 The nucleus, a tiny fraction of the volume of an atom, is composed of protons and neutrons, each almost two thousand times heavier than an electron. The number of positive protons in the nucleus determines what an atom's electron configuration can be and so defines the element. In a neutral atom, the number of electrons equals the number of protons. But an atom may acquire an unbalanced charge by gaining or losing electrons. 4D/H2 Neutrons have a mass that is nearly identical to that of protons, but neutrons have no electric charge. Although neutrons have little effect on how an atom interacts with others, they do affect the mass and stability of the nucleus. Isotopes of the same element have the same number of protons (and therefore of electrons) but differ in the number of neutrons. 4D/H3 Scientists continue to investigate atoms and have discovered even smaller constituents of which electrons, neutrons, and protons are made. 4D/H5 Atoms often join with one another in various combinations in distinct molecules or in repeating three-dimensional crystal patterns. An enormous variety of biological, chemical, and physical phenomena can be explained by changes in the arrangement and motion of atoms and molecules. 4D/H7 The rate of reactions among atoms and molecules depends on how often they encounter one another, which is affected by the concentration, pressure, and temperature of the reacting materials. Some atoms and molecules are highly effective in encouraging the interaction of others. 4D/H9 E. Energy Transformations Energy is a mysterious concept, even though its various forms can be precisely defined and measured. At the simplest level, children can think of energy as something needed to make things go, run, or happen. But they have difficulty distinguishing energy needs from other needs—plants need water to live and grow; cars need water, oil, and tires; people need sleep, etc. People in general are likely to think of energy as a substance, with flow and conservation analogous to that of matter. That is not correct, but for most people it can be an acceptable analogy. Although learning about energy does not make it much less mysterious, it is worth trying to understand because a wide variety of scientific explanations are difficult to follow without some knowledge of the concept of energy. Energy is a major exception to the principle that students should understand ideas before being given labels for them. Children benefit from talking about energy before they are able to define it. Ideas about energy that students encounter outside of school—for example, getting "quick energy" from a candy bar or turning off a light so as not to "waste energy"—may be imprecise but are reasonably consistent with ideas about energy that we want students to learn. Three energy-related ideas may be more important than the idea of energy itself. One is energy transformation. All physical events involve transferring energy or changing one form of energy into another—radiant to electrical, chemical to mechanical, and so on. A second idea is the conservation of energy. Whenever energy is reduced in one place, it is increased somewhere else by exactly the same amount. A third idea is that whenever there is a transformation of energy, some of it is likely to go into heat, which spreads around and is therefore not available for use. Heat energy itself is a surprisingly difficult idea for students, who thoroughly confound it with the idea of temperature. A great deal of work is required for students to make the distinction successfully, and the heat/temperature distinction may join mass/weight, speed/acceleration, and power/energy distinctions as topics that, for purposes of literacy, are not worth the extraordinary time required to learn them. Because dissipated heat energy is at a lower temperature, some students' confusion about heat and temperature leads them to infer that the amount of energy has been reduced. On the other hand, some students' idea that dissipated heat energy has been "exhausted" or "expended" may be tolerably close to the truth. Similarly, units and formulas for kinetic and potential energy are more difficult than they are worth for the semiquantitative understanding that we seek here. But the notion of potential energy is still useful for some situations in which motion might occur (for example, gravitational energy in water behind a dam, mechanical energy in a cocked mousetrap, or chemical energy in a flashlight battery or sugar molecule). Work, in the specialized sense used in physics, is often considered a useful, even necessary, concept for dealing with ideas of energy. These benchmarks propose to do without a technical definition of work for purposes of basic literacy, because it is so greatly confused with the common English-language meaning of the word. The calculation of work as force times distance is not essential to understanding many important ideas about energy. Running makes you tired; rubbing your hands together makes them warmer; coming out of water makes you feel cool. Older students can grasp these ideas in a general way, but even they should not be expected to understand them deeply. For young students, it may be enough at first to convince them that energy is needed to get physical things to happen and that they should get in the habit of wondering where the energy came from. Then, as they study physical, chemical, and biological systems, many opportunities arise for them to see the many different forms energy takes and to find out how useful the energy concepts are. Teachers have to decide what constitutes a sufficient understanding of energy and its transformations and conservation. As the benchmarks below indicate, in harmony with Science for All Americans, qualitative approximations are more important and should have priority. Much time can be invested in having students memorize definitions-for heat, temperature, system, transformation, entropy, and the like—with little to show for it in the way of understanding. No effort to introduce energy as a scientific idea ought to be organized in these first years. If children use the term energy to indicate how much pep they have, that is perfectly all right, in that the meaning is clear and no technical mischief has been done. By the end of the 2nd grade, students should be familiar with a variety of ways of making things go and should consider "What makes it go?" to be an interesting question to ask. Once they learn that batteries wear down and cars run out of gasoline, turning off unneeded appliances can be said to "save on batteries" and "save on gas." The idea that is accessible at this age is that keeping anything going uses up some resource. (Little is gained by having children answer, "Energy.") The sun warms the land, air, and water. 4E/P1 Investing much time and effort in developing formal energy concepts can wait. The importance of energy, after all, is that it is a useful idea. It helps make sense out of a very large number of things that go on in the physical and biological and engineering worlds. But until students have reached a certain point in their understanding of bits and pieces of the world, they gain little by having such a tool. It is a matter of timing. The one aspect of the energy story in which students of this age can make some headway is heat, which is produced almost everywhere. In their science and technology activities during these years, students should be alerted to look for things and processes that give off heat—lights, radios, television sets, the sun, sawing wood, polishing surfaces, bending things, running motors, people, animals, etc.—and then for those that seem not to give off heat. Also, the time is appropriate to explore how heat spreads from one place to another and what can be done to contain it or shield things from it. Students' ideas of heat have many wrinkles. In some situations, cold is thought to be transferred rather than heat. Some materials may be thought to be intrinsically warm (blankets) or cold (metals). Objects that keep things warm—such as a sweater or mittens—may be thought to be sources of heat. Only a continuing mix of experiment and discussion is likely to dispel these ideas. Students need not come out of this grade span understanding heat or its difference from temperature. In this spirit, there is little to be gained by having youngsters refer to heat as heat energy. More important, students should become familiar with the warming of objects that start out cooler than their environment, and vice versa. Computer labware probes and graphic displays that detect small changes in temperature and plot them can be used by students to examine many instances of heat exchange. Because many students think of cold as a substance that spreads like heat, there may be some advantage in translating descriptions of transfer of cold into terms of transfer of heat. When two objects are rubbed against each other, they both get warmer. In addition, many mechanical and electrical devices get warmer when they are used. 4E/E1* When warmer things are put with cooler ones, the warmer things get cooler and the cooler things get warmer until they all are the same temperature. 4E/E2a* When warmer things are put with cooler ones, heat is transferred from the warmer ones to the cooler ones. 4E/E2b* A warmer object can warm a cooler one by contact or at a distance. 4E/E2c Things that give off light often also give off heat. Heat is produced by mechanical and electrical machines, and any time one thing rubs against something else. 4E/E1 When warmer things are put with cooler ones, the warm ones lose heat and the cool ones gain it until they are all at the same temperature. A warmer object can warm a cooler one by contact or at a distance. 4E/E2 Some materials conduct heat much better than others. Poor conductors can reduce heat loss. 4E/E3 In the current version of Benchmarks Online, this benchmark has been deleted because the ideas in it are addressed in benchmark 4D/E6** At this level, students should be introduced to energy primarily through energy transformations. Students should trace where energy comes from (and goes next) in examples that involve several different forms of energy along the way: heat, light, motion of objects, chemical, and elastically distorted materials. To change something's speed, to bend or stretch things, to heat or cool them, to push things together or tear them apart all require transfers (and some transformations) of energy. At this early stage, there may be some confusion in students' minds between energy and energy sources. Focusing on energy transformations may get around this somewhat. Food, gasoline, and batteries obviously get used up. But the energy they contain does not disappear; it is changed into other forms of energy. The most primitive idea is that the energy needed for an event must come from somewhere. That should trigger children's interest in asking, for any situation, where the energy comes from and (later) asking where it goes. Where it comes from is usually much more evident than where it goes, because some usually diffuses away as radiation and random molecular motion. A slightly more sophisticated proposition is the semiquantitative one that whenever some energy seems to show up in one place, some will be found to disappear from another. Eventually, the energy idea can become quantitative: If we can keep track of how much energy of each kind increases and decreases, we find that whenever the energy in one place decreases, the energy in other places increases by just the same amount. This energy-cannot-be-created-or-destroyed way of stating conservation fully may be more intuitive than the abstraction of a constant energy total within an isolated system. The quantitative (equal amounts) idea should probably wait until high school. Convection is not so much an independent means of heat transfer as it is an aid to transfer of heat by conduction and radiation. Convection currents appear spontaneously when density differences caused by heating (conduction and radiation) are acted on by a gravitational field. (Though not in space stations, unless they are rotating.) But these subtleties are not appropriate for most 8th graders. Whenever energy appears in one place, it must have disappeared from another. Whenever energy is lost from somewhere, it must have gone somewhere else. Sometimes when energy appears to be lost, it actually has been transferred to a system that is so large that the effect of the transferred energy is imperceptible. 4E/M1* Energy can be transferred from one system to another (or from a system to its environment) in different ways: 1) thermally, when a warmer object is in contact with a cooler one; 2) mechanically, when two objects push or pull on each other over a distance; 3) electrically, when an electrical source such as a battery or generator is connected in a complete circuit to an electrical device; or 4) by electromagnetic waves. 4E/M2* Thermal energy is transferred through a material by the collisions of atoms within the material. Over time, the thermal energy tends to spread out through a material and from one material to another if they are in contact. Thermal energy can also be transferred by means of currents in air, water, or other fluids. In addition, some thermal energy in all materials is transformed into light energy and radiated into the environment by electromagnetic waves; that light energy can be transformed back into thermal energy when the electromagnetic waves strike another material. As a result, a material tends to cool down unless some other form of energy is converted to thermal energy in the material. 4E/M3* Energy appears in different forms and can be transformed within a system. Motion energy is associated with the speed of an object. Thermal energy is associated with the temperature of an object. Gravitational energy is associated with the height of an object above a reference point. Elastic energy is associated with the stretching or compressing of an elastic object. Chemical energy is associated with the composition of a substance. Electrical energy is associated with an electric current in a circuit. Light energy is associated with the frequency of electromagnetic waves. 4E/M4* Light and other electromagnetic waves can warm objects. How much an object's temperature increases depends on how intense the light striking its surface is, how long the light shines on the object, and how much of the light is absorbed. 4E/M6** Energy cannot be created or destroyed, but only changed from one form into another. 4E/M1 Most of what goes on in the universe—from exploding stars and biological growth to the operation of machines and the motion of people—involves some form of energy being transformed into another. Energy in the form of heat is almost always one of the products of an energy transformation. 4E/M2 Heat can be transferred through materials by the collisions of atoms or across space by radiation. If the material is fluid, currents will be set up in it that aid the transfer of heat. 4E/M3 Energy appears in different forms. Heat energy is in the disorderly motion of molecules; chemical energy is in the arrangement of atoms; mechanical energy is in moving bodies or in elastically distorted shapes; gravitational energy is in the separation of mutually attracting masses. 4E/M4 The concepts acquired in the earlier grades should now be extended to nuclear realms and living organisms. Revisiting energy concepts in new contexts provides opportunities to improve student understanding of the basic concepts and to see just how powerful they are. Two other major ideas merit introduction during these years, but without resort to mathematics. One of these is that the total amount of energy available for useful transformation is almost always decreasing; the other is that energy changes on the atomic scale occur only in discrete jumps. The first of those is not too difficult or implausible for students because they can experience in many ways a wide variety of actions that give off heat. The emphasis should probably be on the practical consequences of the loss of useful energy through heat dissipation. On the other hand, the notion that energy changes in atoms can occur in only fixed amounts with no intermediate values is strange to begin with and hard to demonstrate. Some evidence should be presented for this scientific belief but not in great detail. The easiest phenomenon to show, which is also a major reason for including quantum jumps in literacy, is the discrete colors of light emitted by separate atoms, as in sodium-vapor or mercury-vapor lights. Another major reason for having students encounter the quantum idea is to illustrate the point that in science it is sometimes useful to invent ideas that run counter to intuition and prior experience. An important application of the atom/energy relationship to bring to the attention of students is that the distinctive light energies emitted or absorbed by different atoms enable them to be identified on earth, in our sun, and even on the other side of the universe. This fact is a prime example of the "rules are the same everywhere" principle. Although the various forms of energy appear very different, each can be measured in a way that makes it possible to keep track of how much of one form is converted into another. Whenever the amount of energy in one place diminishes, the amount in other places or forms increases by the same amount. 4E/H1* In any system of atoms or molecules, the statistical odds are that the atoms or molecules will end up with less order than they originally had and that the thermal energy will be spread out more evenly. The amount of order in a system may stay the same or increase, but only if the surrounding environment becomes even less ordered. The total amount of order in the universe always tends to decrease. 4E/H2* As energy spreads out, whether by conduction, convection, or radiation, the total amount of energy stays the same. However, since it is spread out, less can be done with it. 4E/H3* Chemical energy is associated with the configuration of atoms in molecules that make up a substance. Some changes of configuration require a net input of energy whereas others cause a net release. 4E/H4* When energy of an isolated atom or molecule changes, it does so in a definite jump from one value to another, with no possible values in between. The change in energy occurs when light is absorbed or emitted, so the light also has distinct energy values. The light emitted or absorbed by separate atoms or molecules (as in a gas) can be used to identify what the substance is. 4E/H5* Energy is released whenever the nuclei of very heavy atoms, such as uranium or plutonium, split into middleweight ones, or when very light nuclei, such as those of hydrogen and helium, combine into heavier ones. For a given quantity of a substance, the energy released in a nuclear reaction is very much greater than the energy given off in a chemical reaction. 4E/H6* Thermal energy in a system is associated with the disordered motions of its atoms or molecules. Gravitational energy is associated with the separation of mutually attracting masses. Electrical potential energy is associated with the separation of mutually attracting or repelling charges. 4E/H7** (BSL) In a fluid, regions that have different temperatures have different densities. The action of a gravitational force on regions of different densities causes them to rise or fall, creating currents that contribute to the transfer of energy. 4E/H8** (BSL) Many forms of energy can be considered to be either kinetic energy, which is the energy of motion, or potential energy, which depends on the separation between mutually attracting or repelling objects. 4E/H9** (NSES) If no energy is transferred into or out of a system, the total energy of all the different forms in the system will not change, no matter what gradual or violent changes actually occur within the system. 4E/H10** (SFAA) Whenever the amount of energy in one place or form diminishes, the amount in other places or forms increases by the same amount. 4E/H1 Heat energy in a material consists of the disordered motions of its atoms or molecules. In any interactions of atoms or molecules, the statistical odds are that they will end up with less order than they began—that is, with the heat energy spread out more evenly. With huge numbers of atoms and molecules, the greater disorder is almost certain. 4E/H2 Transformations of energy usually produce some energy in the form of heat, which spreads around by radiation or conduction into cooler places. Although just as much total energy remains, its being spread out more evenly means less can be done with it. 4E/H3 Different energy levels are associated with different configurations of atoms and molecules. Some changes of configuration require an input of energy whereas others release energy. 4E/H4 When energy of an isolated atom or molecule changes, it does so in a definite jump from one value to another, with no possible values in between. The change in energy occurs when radiation is absorbed or emitted, so the radiation also has distinct energy values. As a result, the light emitted or absorbed by separate atoms or molecules (as in a gas) can be used to identify what the substance is. 4E/H5 Energy is released whenever the nuclei of very heavy atoms, such as uranium or plutonium, split into middleweight ones, or when very light nuclei, such as those of hydrogen and helium, combine into heavier ones. The energy released in each nuclear reaction is very much greater than the energy given off in each chemical reaction. 4E/H6 F. Motion Nothing in the universe is at rest. Motion is as essential to understanding the physical world as matter and energy are. Following the organization of Science for All Americans, the benchmarks for motion constitute a wide range of topics, from the movement of objects to vibrations and the behavior of waves. Rotary motion, as interesting as it is, poses much greater difficulties for students and is not included in the benchmarks. The benchmarks for understanding the motion of objects and repeating patterns of motion do not demand the use of equations. For purposes of science literacy, a qualitative understanding is sufficient. Equations may clarify relationships for the most mathematically apt students, but for many students they are difficult and may obscure the ideas rather than clarify them. For example, almost all students can grasp that the effect of a force on an object's motion will be greater if the force is greater and will be less if the object has more mass—but learning a=F/m (which to many teachers seems like the same thing) is apparently much harder. Newton's laws of motion are simple to state, and sometimes teachers mistake the ability of students to recite the three laws correctly as evidence that they understand them. The fact that it took such a long time, historically, to codify the laws of motion suggests that they are not self-evident truths, no matter how obvious they may seem to us once we understand them well. Much research in recent years has documented that students typically have trouble relating formal ideas of motion and force to their personal view of how the world works. These are three of the obstacles: A basic problem is the ancient perception that sustained motion requires sustained force. The contrary notion that it takes force to change an object's motion, that something in motion will move in a straight line forever without slowing down unless a force acts on it, runs counter to what we can see happening with our eyes. Limitations in describing motion may keep students from learning about the effect of forces. Students of all ages tend to think in terms of motion or no motion. So the first task may be to help students divide the category of motion into steady motion, speeding up, and slowing down. For example, falling objects should be described as falling faster and faster rather than just falling down. As indicated earlier, the basic idea expressed in Newton's second law of motion is not difficult to grasp, but vocabulary may get in the way if students have to struggle over the meaning of force and acceleration. Both terms have many meanings in common language that confound their specialized use in science. Like inertia, the action-equals-reaction principle is counterintuitive. To say that a book presses down on the table is sensible enough, but then to say that the table pushes back up with exactly the same force (which disappears the instant you pick up the book) seems false on the face of it. What is to be done? Students should have lots of experiences to shape their intuition about motion and forces long before encountering laws. Especially helpful are experimentation and discussion of what happens as surfaces become more elastic or more free of friction. Vibrations treated only descriptively bring no special problems, other than the occasional confusion caused by the word speed being used in English for both frequency and velocity. Does a guitar string move quickly (back and forth a thousand times a second) or slowly (only 15 miles or so per hour)? Similarly, is the earth's rotation slow (once a day) or fast (1,000 miles per hour at the equator)? In the overall story of motion, vibrations serve in good part to introduce the ideas of frequency and amplitude. Because there are so many examples of vibrating systems that students can experience directly, they easily see vibration as a common way for some things to move and see frequency as a measure of that motion. Waves, on the other hand, present a greater challenge. Wave motion is familiar to children through their experience with water. Surface waves on water provide the standard image of what waves are, and ropes and springs can also be used to show some of the properties of waves. Without formal schooling, young people learn that many other kinds of waves exist: radio waves, x rays, radar, microwaves, sound waves, ultraviolet radiation, and more. But they still might not know what these things are, how they relate to one another, what they have to do with motion, or in what sense such waves are waves. From the outset, students should view, describe, and discuss all kinds of moving things—themselves, insects, birds, trees, doors, rain, fans, swings, volleyballs, wagons, stars, etc.—keeping notes, drawing pictures to suggest their motion, and raising questions: Do they move in a straight line? Is their motion fast or slow? How can you tell? How many ways does a growing plant move? The questions count more than the answers, at this stage. And students should gain varied experiences in getting things to move or not to move and in changing the direction or speed of things that are already in motion. Presumably students will start "making music" from the first day in school, and this provides an opportunity to introduce vibrations as a phenomenon rather than a theory. With the drums, bells, stringed and other instruments they use, including their own voices, they can feel the vibrations on the instruments as they hear the sounds. These experiences are important for their own sake and at this point do not need elaboration. Things move in many different ways, such as straight, zigzag, round and round, back and forth, and fast and slow. 4F/P1 The way to change how something is moving is to give it a push or a pull. 4F/P2 Things that make sound vibrate. 4F/P3 Students should continue describing motion. And they can be more experimental and more quantitative as their measurement skills sharpen. Determining the speed of fast things and slow things can present a challenge that students will readily respond to. They also can work out for themselves some of the general relationships between force and change of motion and internalize the notion of force as a push or pull of one thing on another—whether rubber bands, magnets, or explosions. Students should also increase their inventory of examples of periodic motion and perhaps devise ways of measuring different rates of vibration. And students should use prisms to see that white light produces a whole "rainbow" of colors. (The idea that white light is "made up of" different colors is difficult and should be postponed to later grades.) There is nothing to be gained at this stage, however, from linking light to wave motion. Changes in speed or direction of motion are caused by forces. 4F/E1a The greater the force is, the greater the change in motion will be. The more massive an object is, the less effect a given force will have. 4F/E1bc How fast things move differs greatly. Some things are so slow that their journey takes a long time; others move too fast for people to even see them. 4F/E2 Light travels and tends to maintain its direction of motion until it interacts with an object or material. Light can be absorbed, redirected, bounced back, or allowed to pass through. 4F/E3** (ASL) Changes in speed or direction of motion are caused by forces. The greater the force is, the greater the change in motion will be. The more massive an object is, the less effect a given force will have. 4F/E1 The force/motion relationship can be developed more fully now and the difficult idea of inertia be given attention. Students have no trouble believing that an object at rest stays that way unless acted on by a force; they see it every day. The difficult notion is that an object in motion will continue to move unabated unless acted on by a force. Telling students to disregard their eyes will not do the trick—the things around them do appear to slow down of their own accord unless constantly pushed or pulled. The more experiences the students can have in seeing the effect of reducing friction, the easier it may be to get them to imagine the friction-equals-zero case. Students can now learn some of the properties of waves by using water tables, ropes, and springs, and quite separately they can learn about the electromagnetic spectrum, including the assertion that it consists of wavelike radiations. Wave length should be the property receiving the most attention but only minimal calculation. Light from the sun is made up of a mixture of many different colors of light, even though to the eye the light looks almost white. Other things that give off or reflect light have a different mix of colors. 4F/M1 Something can be "seen" when light waves emitted or reflected by it enter the eye—just as something can be "heard" when sound waves from it enter the ear. 4F/M2 An unbalanced force acting on an object changes its speed or direction of motion, or both. 4F/M3a If a force acts towards a single center, the object's path may curve into an orbit around the center. 4F/M3b Vibrations in materials set up wavelike disturbances that spread away from the source. Sound and earthquake waves are examples. These and other waves move at different speeds in different materials. 4F/M4 Human eyes respond to only a narrow range of wavelengths of electromagnetic waves-visible light. Differences of wavelength within that range are perceived as differences of color. 4F/M5* Light acts like a wave in many ways. And waves can explain how light behaves. 4F/M6** (ASL) Wave behavior can be described in terms of how fast the disturbance spreads, and in terms of the distance between successive peaks of the disturbance (the wavelength). 4F/M7** (SFAA) There are a great variety of electromagnetic waves: radio waves, microwaves, infrared waves, visible light, ultraviolet rays, X-rays, and gamma rays. These wavelengths vary from radio waves, the longest, to gamma rays, the shortest. 4F/M8** (BSL) An unbalanced force acting on an object changes its speed or path of motion, or both. If the force acts toward a single center, the object's path may curve into an orbit around the center. 4F/M3 Human eyes respond to only a narrow range of wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation—visible light. Differences of wavelength within that range are perceived as differences in color. 4F/M5 At this level, students learn about relative motion, the action/reaction principle, wave behavior, the interaction of waves with matter, the Doppler effect now used in weather observations, and the red shift of distant galaxies. Relative motion is fun—students find it interesting to figure out their speeds in different reference frames, and many activities and films illustrate this principle. Learning this concept is important for its own sake and for the part it plays in the changing reference frames of the Copernican Revolution, and in simple relativity. This level is also a time to show the power of mathematics. Once students are fully convinced that change in motion is proportional to the force applied, then mathematical logic requires that when F = 0, there be no change in motion. (So Newton's first law is just a special case of his second.) Students can move from a qualitative understanding of the force/motion relationship (more force changes motion more; more mass is harder to change) to one that is more quantitative (the change in motion is directly proportional to the amount of force and inversely proportional to the mass). Experimentally, they can learn that the change in motion of an object is proportional to the applied force and inversely proportional to the mass—a step beyond knowing that change in motion goes up with increasing force and down with increasing mass. Students should come to understand qualitatively that (1) doubling the force on an object of a given mass doubles the effect the force has, tripling triples the effect, and so on; and (2) that whatever effect a given force has on an object, it will have half the effect on an object having twice the mass, a third on one having triple the mass, and so on. This need not entail having students solving lots of numerical problems. The qualitative principle also applies to waves. Even as simple a relationship as speed = wavelength x frequency poses difficulties for many students. A sufficient minimum is that students develop semiquantitative notions about waves—for example, higher frequencies have shorter wavelengths and those with longer wavelengths tend to spread out more around obstacles. The effect of wavelength on how waves interact with matter can be developed through intrinsically interesting phenomena—such as the blueness of the sky and redness of sunsets resulting from light of short wavelengths being scattered most by the atmosphere, or the color of grass resulting from its absorbing light of both shorter and longer wavelengths while reflecting the intermediate green. Electromagnetic waves with different wavelengths have different effects on the human body. Some pass through the body with little effect, some tan or injure the skin, and some are absorbed in different amounts by internal organs (sometimes injuring cells). The change in motion (direction or speed) of an object is proportional to the applied force and inversely proportional to the mass. 4F/H1* All motion is relative to whatever frame of reference is chosen, for there is no motionless frame from which to judge all motion. 4F/H2 When electrically charged objects undergo a change in motion, they produce electromagnetic waves around them. 4F/H3a* In empty space, all electromagnetic waves move at the same speed—the "speed of light." 4F/H3c Whenever one thing exerts a force on another, an equal amount of force is exerted back on it. 4F/H4 The observed wavelength of a wave depends upon the relative motion of the source and the observer. If either is moving toward the other, the observed wavelength is shorter; if either is moving away, the wavelength is longer. 4F/H5ab Because the light seen from almost all distant galaxies has longer wavelengths than comparable light here on Earth, astronomers believe that the whole universe is expanding. 4F/H5c Waves can superpose on one another, bend around corners, reflect off surfaces, be absorbed by materials they enter, and change direction when entering a new material. All these effects vary with wavelength. 4F/H6ab The energy of waves (like any form of energy) can be changed into other forms of energy. 4F/H6c In most familiar situations, frictional forces complicate the description of motion, although the basic principles still apply. 4F/H7** (SFAA) Any object maintains a constant speed and direction of motion unless an unbalanced outside force acts on it. 4F/H8** (SFAA) The change in motion of an object is proportional to the applied force and inversely proportional to the mass. 4F/H1 Accelerating electric charges produce electromagnetic waves around them. A great variety of radiations are electromagnetic waves: radio waves, microwaves, radiant heat, visible light, ultraviolet radiation, x rays, and gamma rays. These wavelengths vary from radio waves, the longest, to gamma rays, the shortest. In empty space, all electromagnetic waves move at the same speed—the "speed of light." 4F/H3 In the current version of Benchmarks Online, the second and third sentences of this benchmark have been moved to grades 6-8 and recoded as 4F/M8**. The observed wavelength of a wave depends upon the relative motion of the source and the observer. If either is moving toward the other, the observed wavelength is shorter; if either is moving away, the wavelength is longer. Because the light seen from almost all distant galaxies has longer wavelengths than comparable light here on earth, astronomers believe that the whole universe is expanding. 4F/H5 Waves can superpose on one another, bend around corners, reflect off surfaces, be absorbed by materials they enter, and change direction when entering a new material. All these effects vary with wavelength. The energy of waves (like any form of energy) can be changed into other forms of energy. 4F/H6 G. Forces of Nature For a good many school years, force may be treated as the originator of motion, and an explanation of force itself may be postponed. But the force between a bat and a ball has an entirely different origin than that between the earth and the moon. In helping students broaden their understanding of the fundamental forces of nature, the emphasis should be on gravitational and electromagnetic forces. The general idea of universal gravitation and how weak it is compared to other kinds of forces is sufficient. Working out numerical problems adds little and is very likely to leave many students behind. The math is not hard but the units are baffling. A paradoxical idea for students is how weak gravity is compared to electric and magnetic forces. Gravity becomes appreciable only when very large accumulations of matter figure, such as that of a student and the entire earth. To students, gravitational forces seem strong compared to the trivial electric forces on dry hair charged by combing. But they can be led to see quite the opposite: The whole earth is required to pull a hair down by gravity, while only a small amount of charge is needed to force it up electrically against gravity. Electric and magnetic forces and the relationship between them ought also to be treated qualitatively. Fields can be introduced, but only intuitively. Most important is that students get a sense of electric and magnetic force fields (as well as of gravity) and of some simple relations between magnets and electric currents. Direction rules have little importance for general literacy. The priority should be on what conditions produce a magnetic field and what conditions induce an electric current. Diagrams of electric and magnetic fields promote some misconceptions about "lines of force," notably that the force exists only on those lines. Students should recognize that the lines are used only to show the direction of the field. The focus should be on motion and on encouraging children to be observant about when and how things seem to move or not move. They should notice that things fall to the ground if not held up. They should observe motion everywhere, making lists of different kinds of motion and what things move that way. Even in the primary years, children should use magnets to get things to move without touching them, and thereby learn that forces can act at a distance with no perceivable substance in between. Things near the earth fall to the ground unless something holds them up. 4G/P1 Magnets can be used to make some things move without being touched. 4G/P2 The main notion to convey here is that forces can act at a distance. Students should carry out investigations to become familiar with the pushes and pulls of magnets and static electricity. The term gravity may interfere with students' understanding because it often is used as an empty label for the common (and ancient) notion of "natural motion" toward the earth. The important point is that the earth pulls on objects. The earth's gravity pulls any object on or near the earth toward it without touching it. 4G/E1* Without touching them, a magnet pulls on all things made of iron and either pushes or pulls on other magnets. 4G/E2 Without touching them, an object that has been electrically charged pulls on all other uncharged objects and may either push or pull other charged objects. 4G/E3* The earth's gravity pulls any object toward it without touching it. 4G/E1 Without touching them, material that has been electrically charged pulls on all other materials and may either push or pull other charged materials. 4G/E3 The idea of gravity—up until now seen as something happening near the earth's surface—can be generalized to all matter everywhere in the universe. Some demonstration, in the laboratory or on film or videotape, of the gravitational force between objects may be essential to break through the intuitive notion that things just naturally fall. Students should make devices to observe the magnetic effects of current and the electric effects of moving magnets. At first, the devices can be simple electromagnets; later, more complex devices, such as motor kits, can be introduced. Every object exerts gravitational force on every other object. The force depends on how much mass the objects have and on how far apart they are. The force is hard to detect unless at least one of the objects has a lot of mass. 4G/M1 The sun's gravitational pull holds the earth and other planets in their orbits, just as the planets' gravitational pull keeps their moons in orbit around them. 4G/M2 Electric currents and magnets can exert a force on each other. 4G/M3 Electrical circuits require a complete loop through which an electrical current can pass. 4G/M4** (NSES) A charged object can be charged in one of two ways, which we call either positively charged or negatively charged. Two objects that are charged in the same manner exert a force of repulsion on each other, while oppositely charged objects exert a force of attraction on each other. 4G/M5** (BSL) Students should now learn how well the principle of universal gravitation explains the architecture of the universe and much that happens on the earth. The principle will become familiar from many different examples (star formation, tides, comet orbits, etc.) and from the study of the history leading to this unification of earth and sky. The "inversely proportional to the square" aspect is not a high priority for literacy. Much more important is escaping the common adult misconceptions that the earth's gravity does not extend beyond its atmosphere or that it is caused by the atmosphere. Study of the nature of electric and magnetic forces should be joined to the study of the atom. What is likely to surprise many students is how much more powerful electromagnetic forces are than the gravitational forces, which are negligible on an atomic scale. Some students may have trouble seeing mechanical forces, such as pushing on an object with a stick, as being produced by electric charges on the atomic scale. It may help for them to recognize that the electric forces they do observe commonly (such as "static cling") result from extremely slight imbalances of electric charges. As students come to believe in the action/reaction principle, they will expect forces to be mutual. Gravitational force is an attraction between masses. The strength of the force is proportional to the masses and weakens rapidly with increasing distance between them. 4G/H1 Electric forces acting within and between atoms are vastly stronger than the gravitational forces acting between the atoms. At larger scales, gravitational forces accumulate to produce a large and noticeable effect, whereas electric forces tend to cancel each other out. 4G/H2a* At the atomic level, electric forces between electrons and protons in atoms hold molecules together and thus are involved in all chemical reactions. 4G/H2b* Electric forces hold solid and liquid materials together and act between objects when they are in contact—as in sticking or sliding friction. 4G/H2c Most materials have equal numbers of protons and electrons and are therefore electrically neutral. In most cases, a material acquires a negative charge by gaining electrons and acquires a positive charge by losing electrons. Even a tiny imbalance in the number of protons and electrons in an object can produce noticeable electric forces on other objects. 4G/H3* In many conducting materials, such as metals, some of the electrons are not firmly held by the nuclei of the atoms that make up the material. In these materials, applied electric forces can cause the electrons to move through the material, producing an electric current. In insulating materials, such as glass, the electrons are held more firmly, making it nearly impossible to produce an electric current in those materials. 4G/H4ab* At very low temperatures, some materials become superconductors and offer no resistance to the flow of electrons. 4G/H4c* Semiconducting materials differ greatly in how well they conduct electrons, depending on the exact composition of the material. 4G/H4d* Magnetic forces are very closely related to electric forces and are thought of as different aspects of a single electromagnetic force. Moving electrically charged objects produces magnetic forces and moving magnets produces electric forces. 4G/H5ab* The interplay of electric and magnetic forces is the basis for many modern technologies, including electric motors, generators, and devices that produce or receive electromagnetic waves. 4G/H5c* The nuclear forces that hold the protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom together are much stronger than the electric forces between the protons and electrons of the atom. That is why much greater amounts of energy are released from nuclear reactions than from chemical reactions. 4G/H6* Electric currents in the earth's interior give the earth an extensive magnetic field, which we detect from the orientation of compass needles. 4G/H7** (SFAA) The motion of electrons is far more affected by electrical forces than protons are because electrons are much less massive and are outside of the nucleus. 4G/H8** (BSL) Electromagnetic forces acting within and between atoms are vastly stronger than the gravitational forces acting between the atoms. At the atomic level, electric forces between oppositely charged electrons and protons hold atoms and molecules together and thus are involved in all chemical reactions. On a larger scale, these forces hold solid and liquid materials together and act between objects when they are in contact—as in sticking or sliding friction. 4G/H2 There are two kinds of charges—positive and negative. Like charges repel one another, opposite charges attract. In materials, there are almost exactly equal proportions of positive and negative charges, making the materials as a whole electrically neutral. Negative charges, being associated with electrons, are far more mobile in materials than positive charges are. A very small excess or deficit of negative charges in a material produces noticeable electric forces. 4G/H3 In the current version of Benchmarks Online, the first and second sentences of this benchmark have been moved to grades 6-8 and recoded as 4G/M5**. Different kinds of materials respond differently to electric forces. In conducting materials such as metals, electric charges flow easily, whereas in insulating materials such as glass, they can move hardly at all. At very low temperatures, some materials become superconductors and offer no resistance to the flow of current. In between these extremes, semiconducting materials differ greatly in how well they conduct, depending on their exact composition. 4G/H4 Magnetic forces are very closely related to electric forces and can be thought of as different aspects of a single electromagnetic force. Moving electric charges produce magnetic forces and moving magnets produce electric forces. The interplay of electric and magnetic forces is the basis for electric motors, generators, and many other modern technologies, including the production of electromagnetic waves. 4G/H5 The forces that hold the nucleus of an atom together are much stronger than the electromagnetic force. That is why such great amounts of energy are released from the nuclear reactions in the sun and other stars. 4G/H6 VERSION EXPLANATION During the development of Atlas of Science Literacy, Volume 2 , Project 2061 revised the wording of some benchmarks in order to update the science, improve the logical progression of ideas, and reflect the current research on student learning. New benchmarks were also created as necessary to accommodate related ideas in other learning goals documents such as Science for All Americans ( SFAA ), the National Science Education Standards ( NSES ), and the essays or other elements in Benchmarks for Science Literacy ( BSL ). We are providing access to both the current and the 1993 versions of the benchmarks as a service to our end-users. The text of each learning goal is followed by its code, consisting of the chapter, section, grade range, and the number of the goal. Lowercase letters at the end of the code indicate which part of the 1993 version it comes from (e.g., “a” indicates the first sentence in the 1993 version, “b” indicates the second sentence, and so on). A single asterisk at the end of the code means that the learning goal has been edited from the original, whereas two asterisks mean that the idea is a new learning goal.

2019-18/0000/en_head.json.gz/4248

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Ex Dirigentes quieren volver a la Academia Publicadas por clubbolivar jueves, marzo 17, 2011 0 comentarios Nota extraida del periodico, La Razón, en su publicación del 17 de Marzo de 2011, Quienes trabajaron con Cuéllar dicen que irán a elecciones y prometen pagar su deuda Guido Loayza no correrá solo en las elecciones de Bolívar en noviembre próximo, porque las personas que trabajaron con Mauro Cuéllar (+) han decidido armar una fórmula con la intención de volver al club. La idea viene desde hace rato a raíz de “la mala conducción” que hay en la Academia, que deportivamente no ha alcanzado los éxitos de antes. Ex dirigentes como Javier Ortuño, Carlos Vargas, Raúl Coca y Mario Aramayo, entre otros, han madurado el proyecto, que aún no tiene nombre ni eslogan, pero la consigna es “volver al club”. Tras la muerte de Cuéllar, anteanoche se reunieron éstos para analizar los pasos a dar. Este grupo ve con preocupación no sólo la parte deportiva, sino el manejo dirigencial. El 23 de febrero envió al club una carta observando una asamblea que se realizó “sólo con socios de la plaza Abaroa, que para nosotros no existen”, sostuvo ayer Vargas, quien indicó que en este camino a las elecciones la actual dirigencia “tiene que aclarar muchas cosas sobre BAISA y las elecciones” A fines del 2008, con Guido Loayza como presidente del club, se firmó un acuerdo con Bolívar Administración e Inversiones Sociedad Anónima (BAISA), que en un período de 20 años administrará la parte deportiva, institucional y de infraestructura. Si otro dirigente llegara a la presidencia, éste tendría que ‘gobernar’ junto con BAISA. La decisión. El ex dirigente dijo que este movimiento responde a una decisión tomada y que se “armará un verdadero frente para llegar al club y devolverle a Bolívar el sitial que le corresponde a nivel deportivo”, aparte de dejar en cero las deudas de Mauro Cuéllar, “para que no se mancille más su nombre y su apellido”. Sobre la deuda no se precisó números, pero los ex dirigentes escucharon mencionar que Cuéllar habría dejado entre dos y dos millones y medio de dólares como cifras rojas. “No sabemos exactamente cuánto es la deuda, pero nos gustaría que se nos entregue a Bolívar con la deuda que dejó Cuéllar, ni un centavo más y ni un centavo menos, y les demostraremos en un par de años que podemos pagar la deuda y no sólo la deuda, sino devolverle al Bolívar campeón a la hinchada, como lo hemos tenido durante nueve años”, agregó. De BAISA comentó que sería bueno que se conozcan cuáles son los acuerdos. “Sabemos que hay un hombre de buena fe (se refiere a Marcelo Claure) que está dando dinero al Bolívar, pero el gran problema es que la dirigencia está malgastándolo, porque nosotros con la cuarta parte llegamos donde hemos llegado”. Cuestionado. Según Vargas, la gestión de Loayza no está mal, “está pésima, porque no hay coherencia. Es increíble que el club en tres años tenga siete técnicos y cada año hablen de un proceso. Primero trajeron una legión de argentinos, que estaban en el ocaso de su carrera, luego una tongada de colombianos y ahora gente de Chipre, y el plantel tiene seis o siete jugadores que han pasado los 30 años. Entonces, de qué proceso se puede hablar. Sólo son mentiras”. También indicó que la dirigencia comete “horrores”. Recordó que el año pasado “por poco lo nombran persona no grata a Mauricio Méndez y hace un mes lo posesionaron haciéndole el juramento. Entonces, el manejo es totalmente lapidario para lo que es la historia del club”. Aún No hay una cabeza visible Sin candidato La agrupación de ex dirigentes no tiene todavía un candidato para las próximas elecciones en Bolívar. “Más adelante se verá quién es, pero por ahora nos preocupa cómo le va a Bolívar. Creemos que así como se está gastando dinero, las deudas a BAISA van a ser impagables”, manifestó Carlos Vargas. ‘Por el cambio’ Entre el martes y ayer, varios hinchas de la curva norte asistieron al velorio de Mauro Cuéllar. Vargas dijo que éstos también ven con preocupación lo que pasa en el club. Por otro lado, comentó que gente que esté “con el cambio” puede aproximarse a la tienda de Javier Ortuño, el consultorio del doctor Mario Aramayo o su oficina que está la Busch y Villalobos para “intercambiar ideas”. ‘Una vergüenza’ El ex dirigente criticó al equipo actual. “Es una vergüenza que Bolívar tenga que pedir hora ante Nacional Potosí y que Guabirá casi le gane jugando de local. Eso antes no existía. Como alguna vez dijo Carlos Borja, antes Bolívar entraba con un gol de diferencia, pero ahora se ha convertido en uno más, no sólo en la parte deportiva, sino también en la dirigencial”. La idea no es dar la contra o tener la razón a la fuerza, sino como hinchas debemos apoyar cualquier proyecto que beneficie al Club Bolívar, el único color y el bando al que pertenecemos es al del Club Bolívar, apoyemos cualquier proyecto que se haga en PRO de la ACADEMIA, ya sea al actual o a los que vengan.

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PLUI: enquête publique PLUI: enquête publique : présence des membres de la commission d’enquête , en mairie de Talmas jeudi 19 octobre de 14h00 à 17h00 et le samedi 04 novembre de 9h00 à 12h00 Comme le prévoit la loi, le projet de Plan local d’Urbanisme.doit être soumis à enquête publique (cf Article L 123-10 du Code de l’urbanisme). Le dossier sera mis en ligne pendant toute la durée de l’enquête sur le site internet de la Communauté de Communes du Territoire Nord Picardie à l’adresse suivante : http://www.cctnp.fr. Le dossier d’enquête publique ainsi que les avis émis sur le dossier seront consultables sur poste informatique à la mairie de Talmas, aux jours et heures habituels d’ouverture. Pendant toute la durée de l’enquête, le public pourra prendre connaissance du dossier et consigner ses observations, propositions et contre-propositions sur le registre ouvert à cet effet à la mairie et à l’antenne intercommunale « Bocage Hallue » de la Communauté de Communes du Territoire Nord Picardie. Le rapport et les conclusions motivées de la commission d’enquête figureront également sur le site internet de la communauté de Communes pendant un an à compter de la date de clôture de l’enquête publique. Le projet de PLUI sera éventuellement modifié pour tenir compte des résultats de l’enquête et adopté par l’assemblée délibérante de la Communauté de Communes du Territoire Nord Picardie Article publié le 4 octobre 2017at15 h 23 mindans la rubrique institutionel. You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0racine.

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Navigation --- Offers ---NewsEventsExpertsPicturesSocial Media--- My idw ---LoginRegister--- About idw ---About usMembershipMembership directoryQuality assuranceidw Award--- Service ---ContactIntroductionDeutschFAQImprint About idw Inside idw idw-Channels idw Award Science News Video Contact/Team Advanced Search ? Home > Press release: Statement: Sommersemester an der ... Share on: d Statement: Sommersemester an der Frankfurt UAS: digitaler Start ist geglückt Friederike Mannig Kommunikation und Veranstaltungsmanagement Frankfurt University of Applied Sciences Präsident Prof. Dr. Frank E.P. Dievernich und Vizepräsident Prof. Dr.-Ing. René Thiele nehmen Stellung zum Beginn des Sommersemesters 2020 Die Frankfurt University of Applied Sciences (Frankfurt UAS) beginnt das Sommersemester aufgrund der bestehenden Corona-Pandemie erstmals mit einem erweiterten Online-Angebot – pünktlich zum Semesterstart am Montag, den 20. April 2020, begannen die Lehrveranstaltungen in verschiedenen digitalen Formaten. Wie die Umsetzung gelingen könne, wurde zuvor durch die Task Force „Onlinelehre“ unter Beteiligung aller Fachbereiche und Abteilungen sowie einer Gruppe von Studierenden erarbeitetet. Noch Montagfrüh stand die Frage im Raum, ob der Semesterstart wie geplant gelingen kann. Ein erstes Fazit kann gezogen werden: Nach kurzer Anlaufzeit ist er geglückt! Insbesondere die konstruktiven Beiträge der Studierenden als „digital natives“ trugen einen Großteil zum erfolgreichen Beginn des digitalen Semesters bei. Mit dem Semesterstart geht die Hochschule für Angewandte Wissenschaften (HAW) einen wichtigen Schritt und stärkt ihre bestehenden Kompetenzen im Bereich E-Learning. Prof. Dr.-Ing. René Thiele, Vizepräsident für Studium und Lehre, sowie Prof. Dr. Frank E.P. Dievernich, Präsident der Frankfurt UAS, wissen, dass diese Umstellung nicht nur als Herausforderung, sondern auch als Chance begriffen werden muss. „Es ist historisch, was gerade passiert. In nur wenigen Wochen haben wir es mit dem unermüdlichen Einsatz von vielen Mitarbeitenden und Lehrenden geschafft, einen Großteil der Angebote, die zuvor nur im Präsenzbetrieb stattfinden konnten, digital aufzubereiten. Nicht nur unsere Lehrveranstaltungen wurden digitalisiert, sondern auch ein Teil unserer Kultur- und Sportangebote. Wir sind anwendungsorientiert – und wir zeigen, dass wir Lösungen für die Praxis auch in komplexen und unübersichtlichen Zeiten produzieren können“, so Dievernich. „Die Vorbereitung dieses außergewöhnlichen Semesters war für alle Beteiligten eine große Herausforderung und Kraftanstrengung – das wird voraussichtlich noch eine ganze Weile so bleiben, denn diese Situation ist für uns alle eine vollkommen neue, die sicherlich auch einige technische Hürden mit sich bringt. Neben der Umstellung auf zum Teil neue Technologien, mussten auch die didaktischen Konzepte von Lehrveranstaltungen angepasst werden. Digitale Lehrräume schaffen neue Möglichkeiten und Chancen – zugleich verändern sie aber auch die Form des Dialogs und die interaktive Auseinandersetzung mit einem Thema. Das Erfahren der Wissensvermittlung wird die Art der Lehre und Kommunikation nachhaltig verändern und das auch mit positiven Effekten. So wird diese neue Form auch die Barrierefreiheit in Studium und Lehre weiter unterstützen, da die orts- und zeitunabhängige Teilnahme an Lehrveranstaltungen zu einer Selbstverständlichkeit wird. Zugleich kann es helfen, kommunikative Hürden weiter abzubauen und so der Diversität unserer Studierenden gerecht zu werden.“, ergänzt Thiele. „Die Lehrenden haben diese Herausforderung in den vergangenen Wochen mit viel Neugier, Innovationskraft und Kreativität angenommen und sind optimal vorbereitet“, so Thiele weiter. „Mit der Onlinelehre kommen wir nicht nur den aktuellen öffentlichen Kontaktbeschränkungen nach, sondern sehen dies auch als Teil unserer gesellschaftlichen Verantwortung. Dabei versuchen wir unseren Studierenden den Semesterstart und den weiteren Verlauf ihres Studiums so normal wie möglich zu gestalten. Auch die Erstsemestereinführung wurde mit Hilfe unseres Allgemeinen Studierendenausschusses, dem AStA, komplett ins Internet verlegt. Ein großartiger Beitrag von Studierenden für angehende Studierende.“ „Jetzt ist die Stunde der Digitalisierung der Lehre! Wenn wir beginnen, diesen wichtigen Schritt nicht nur als Herausforderung, sondern auch als Chance zu begreifen, sehe ich für unsere Hochschule eine Vielzahl an Möglichkeiten, sich auch in Zukunft weiter im Bereich E-Learning zu profilieren. Wir eröffnen uns durch diese Entwicklung neue Perspektiven, die aufzeigen, wie die Lehre und das Hochschulleben in den kommenden Jahren aussehen und wie wir unsere Angebote weiter an die Bedürfnisse der Studierenden anpassen können. Ich habe den Eindruck, dass wir dafür eine gute Basis gelegt haben“, betont Dievernich. „Der Digitalisierungsschub wird dazu führen, bestimmte Kompetenzen und Angebote neu zu sortieren und zu fragen, an welcher Stelle es unerlässlich ist, unseren Kern, die Präsenzlehre, mit hoher Qualität weiter zu entwickeln und zu optimieren“, so Dievernich weiter. „Wir stellen schon jetzt fest, dass die aktuelle Entwicklung nicht nur ein Schub für die Digitalisierung ist, sondern eben auch für den Präsenzbetrieb. Gewinner sind die beiden Seiten eines modernen, zeitgemäßen Hochschullebens“, so René Thiele. An der Frankfurt UAS wurde für das Sommersemester eine Reihe an digitalen Lehrformaten entwickelt. In den Lehrveranstaltungen werden hybride Kombinationen verschiedener Methoden eingesetzt, die den didaktischen Erfordernissen entsprechen. Hierzu zählen beispielsweise Videokonferenzen mit bis zu 300 Teilnehmenden zur Abbildung der synchronen Lehre (Virtual Classroom) sowie Lehrvideos als Download oder Stream zur asynchronen Verfügbarkeit als orts- und zeitunabhängiges Lehrangebot. Zudem stehen Screencasts zur Aufzeichnung und Verbreitung von Bildschirmpräsentationen und -aktivitäten, Live-Chats, Diskussionsforen und Blogs zur Sicherstellung des Feedbacks, die übliche Bereitstellung von digitalen Skripten sowie Lehr- und Übungsmaterial zur Verfügung. Einzig einige praktische Labor- und Vermessungsübungen sowie Module, in denen der direkte persönliche Kontakt zwingend erforderlich sind, werden zu einem späteren Zeitpunkt des Semesters, unter Einhaltung der erforderlichen Hygiene- und Abstandsvorschriften, durchgeführt. Grundsätzlich sollen Prüfungen auch weiterhin wie geplant durchgeführt werden. „In der Regel kann dies bei einer räumlichen Entzerrung gut gewährleistet werden. Aufgrund der Verlagerung von Präsenz- zur Onlinelehre stehen an unserer Hochschule ausreichend Raumkapazitäten zur Verfügung, um die nötigen Abstände einzuhalten“, erklärt Thiele. Präsentationen im Rahmen von Haus- oder Abschlussarbeiten, wie beispielsweise Kolloquien, könnten auch in Online-Formaten durchgeführt werden. Praktika, die in Abhängigkeit zu externen Partnern stehen, können nachgeholt werden. „Wenn die allgemeinen Einschränkungen die gewünschte Wirkung zeigen, gehen wir davon aus, dass wir im Verlauf des Semesters auch wieder Teile der Lehrveranstaltungen in Präsenz durchführen können. Mit den angekündigten Lockerungen werden wir beispielsweise mit Laborübungen in kleinen Gruppen, unter Einhaltung der Distanz- und Hygienevorschriften, beginnen können“, so Thiele abschließend. Zur Person Frank E.P. Dievernich Prof. Dr. Frank E.P. Dievernich wurde 1970 in Frankfurt am Main geboren. Bis zur Wahl zum Präsidenten der Frankfurt UAS 2014 war er Professor für Organisation, Führung und Personal sowie Studiengangsleiter Executive MBA an der Hochschule Luzern (Schweiz). Von 2009 bis 2012 war er Professor für Unternehmensführung am Kompetenzzentrum für Unternehmensführung der Berner Fachhochschule, Departement Wirtschaft und Verwaltung, Gesundheit, Soziale Arbeit, Bern (Schweiz). Aktuell liegen seine Forschungsinteressen in den Themen Change- und Human Resources-Management, Beratung/Coaching sowie Digitalisierung und Gesellschaft. Dievernich studierte Betriebswirtschaftslehre sowie Soziologie (Nebenfächer: Arbeits- und Organisationspsychologie sowie Erwachsenen- und Weiterbildungspädagogik) an der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, München. Er promovierte in Wirtschaftswissenschaft an der Universität Witten/Herdecke zum Thema „Das Ende der Betriebsblindheit – Was Teams zur Zukunftsfähigkeit von Unternehmen beitragen". Berufs- und Managementerfahrungen in der Wirtschaft sammelte Dievernich unter anderem bei BMW, der Deutschen Bahn sowie der Unternehmensberatung Kienbaum. Er veröffentlicht als Kolumnist und Gastautor laufend Beiträge zu Organisation, Management und gesellschaftlichen Entwicklungen, so z.B. in der WELT und im Journal Frankfurt. Zur Person René Thiele Prof. Dr.-Ing. René Thiele ist seit 2012 Professor für Geoinformatik und erst seit 2018 Vizepräsident für Studium und Lehre an der Frankfurt UAS. Er nahm nach seinem Diplomstudium Informatik zunächst eine Tätigkeit als wissenschaftlicher Mitarbeiter am Institut für Kartografie und Geoinformation in Bonn auf. Schon früh lag ihm die anwendungsnahe Forschung und Lehre am Herzen. Durch seine Beteiligung an der Gründung von zwei Spin-Off-Unternehmen entstand eine Wechselwirkung zwischen Hochschule und wirtschaftlicher Anwendung. In seiner Funktion als Entwicklungsleiter sowie als Geschäftsführender Gesellschafter lag einer seiner Schwerpunkte in der internationalen Standardisierung von Prozessen und Geoinformations-Produkten. Nach einer Tätigkeit als Lehrbeauftragter in der Lehreinheit Geomatik übernahm er die Professur für Geoinformatik an der Frankfurt UAS. Noch in demselben Jahr stellte er sich zur Wahl für den Senat, um sich aktiv in die Hochschulentwicklung einbringen zu können. Darüber hinaus engagierte er sich im Fachbereichsrat des Fachbereichs Architektur, Bauingenieurwesen, Geomatik und ist Studiengangsleiter im Masterstudiengang Geoinformation und Kommunaltechnik. In der Forschung hat er verschiedene Drittmittel-Projekte im Bereich der nationalen Geodateninfrastruktur (GDI), der Standortbewertung sowie im Rettungswesen durchgeführt. Kontakt: Frankfurt University of Applied Sciences, Hochschulleitung, Prof. Dr. Frank E.P. Dievernich, Telefon: +49 69 1533-2415, E-Mail: praesident@fra-uas.de Kontakt: Frankfurt University of Applied Sciences, Hochschulleitung, Prof. Dr.-Ing. René Thiele, Telefon: +49 69 1533-2416, E-Mail: vp-sl@fra-uas.de Weitere Informationen zur Frankfurt UAS unter https://www.frankfurt-university.de. Criteria of this press release: Journalists, all interested persons transregional, national Miscellaneous scientific news/publications, Studies and teaching Frank E.P. Dievernich, Präsident der Frankfurt UAS Kevin Rupp/Frankfurt UAS Prof. Dr.-Ing. René Thiele, Vizepräsident für Studium und Lehre der Frankfurt UAS Benedikt Bieber/Frankfurt UAS Data Confidentiality Statement © 1995-2021 Informationsdienst Wissenschaft e. 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2021-21/0000/de_head.json.gz/1451

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Publication du roman NEVADA - L'AMOUR N'A AUCUNE FRONTIÈRE Sortie de prévue pour ce roman singulier qui je l'espère vous séduira le vendredi 4 septembre 2020. ► Auteures : Didier Leuenberger ► Résumé : Lors d’une fête champêtre, Laurette rencontre Brenda tandis que cette dernière y donne un petit concert. Elle se laisse envoûter à sa grande stupéfaction par cette prédatrice sexy en diable en partageant un doux moment dans son van, lorsqu’on lui annonce que son mari vient de mourir en pleine festivité. Quelques mois plus tard, elle quitte tout pour suivre cette artiste en Amérique. Elles s’installent dans le Nevada pour exploiter un café, le Little Bird. Laurette en profite pour commencer à écrire son journal en s’adressant à son fils, disparu dans d’étranges circonstances. Elle y relate sa nouvelle vie dans cette immense contrée, ses folles aventures et ses rencontres ainsi que cet amour qu’elle redoutait tant et qu’elle n’aurait jamais imaginé vivre un jour et encore bien moins avec une femme. Et tandis qu’elles s’apprivoisent et s’adaptent à cette rude région, un terrible secret resurgit du passé et vient entacher cette belle mélodie. Ce livre a été finaliste du concours d’écriture cinématographique Troyes Première Marche catégorie roman dans sa première version. ► Nombre de mots : 69971 ► Genre : Romance, aventure ► Public : Adulte, jeune adulte ► Niveau d'érotisme : ★★★☆☆ À précommander ici : Site HR Éditions À précommander ici : AMAZON - NEVADA L'AMOUR N'A AUCUNE FRONTIÈRE Retour aux articles de la catégorie PUBLICATIONS -

2021-10/0000/fr_middle.json.gz/321

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Huis Doorn November 9, 2016 November 9, 2016 roomkes2 Comments November 9th is known in Germany as its ‘Day of Fate’. It wasn’t only the date on which in 1989 the Berlin Wall came down. So many other important historical events occurred on this day that the German government could hardly turn it into Reunification Day (that became October 3rd instead). In 2014, Paul Sullivan, myself and some other Slow Travel Berlin writers divided the historical events of the ‘ninths’ between us and published stories on them on slowtravelberlin.com. As that website is now, sadly, partly unavailable, I am reposting my articles on this blog. (Check here for the 1848 story on the execution of Robert Blum). Nov. 9, 1918 – the Abdication of the Kaiser In early November 1918, Germany was in chaos. Even though the country no longer needed to fight on two fronts (the Russian revolution of 1917 had led to Moscow’s unconditional surrender), the arrival of United States on the Western Front, with its almost unlimited reinforcements, was the beginning of the end for the German Imperial Army. From August 1918 onwards the Allies were on the offensive, and German Supreme Army Command realised that total military collapse was near. The population was grieving for the men lost in the war, food was severely rationed, and, since the example of the Russian surrender of 1917, both the Social Democratic and Communist parties were clamouring for peace. The ultimate trigger for the events that occurred on 9 November 1918 was a last attempt by the Imperial Navy to turn the military tables in Germany’s favour. On 24 October of that same year, battle cruisers stationed at Kiel were ordered to make their way to the North Sea for a final showdown with the British Royal Navy. But the sailors refused to sail, and before long, their mutiny had spread from the ships to the town of Kiel itself. The first Workers’ and Soldiers’ Council was proclaimed there on 4 November, and representatives of the Council spread throughout Germany to urge workers and soldiers to form revolutionary councils of their own. At the same time, on the home political front, Friedrich Ebert, leader of the moderate Social Democratic Party (SPD), had already secured concessions from the Kaiser and Supreme Army Command that effectively turned Germany into a parliamentary democracy. Ebert and his number two, Philipp Scheidemann, considered these concessions sufficient and certainly wanted to avoid a full-blown revolution. Meanwhile, Kaiser Wilhelm II, who had left – some say fled – Berlin on October 28 for German Military Headquarters in Spa, Belgium, was slowly coming to terms with the fact that support for the monarchy was slipping away. When he suggested he return to Berlin to restore order with the help of the Imperial army, he was told by military commanders that the army was no longer his to command, and in fact might turn against him. On November 9th, Wilhelm, still in Spa, had started to consider relinquishing the title of German Kaiser but staying on as King of Prussia. Developments in Berlin, however, had long passed the point of no return, and the Chancellor, Prince Max von Baden, had by that time already announced the Kaiser’s abdication. The ex-Kaiser’s study at today’s Museum Huis Doorn, where he took refuge after abdicating. Photo: Robin Oomkes Finally facing up to reality, Wilhelm took the royal train to the Dutch border, where he was granted political asylum in the early morning of 10 November. He wasn’t the only one to lose his throne of course. King Ludwig III of Bavaria had been forced to abdicate on 7 November by radical Socialists, and between 9 and 30 November, the twenty remaining German Kings, Archdukes, Dukes and Princes followed suit. Ex-Kaiser Wilhelm II spent the last 23 years of his life at a country estate in the Netherlands, Huis Doorn, now a fascinating museum. He maintained a make-believe Imperial Court, with the aid of 59 railway carriages full of Royal furniture, treasures and uniforms that the Weimar regime had allowed him to transport out of his three Berlin palaces. He spent his days chopping wood in the surrounding forest, and his evenings debating astrology and archeology with any scientist willing to come over and agree with the Kaiser’s views. As the Dutch government was quite embarrassed at having to host the Kaiser (he was after all wanted as a war criminal by the Allied governments of the UK, USA, and especially France), he was under a kind of house arrest. He could go for drives in the vicinity of his country house, but only within a radius of some 10 kilometres. Queen Wilhelmina of the Netherlands famously wanted nothing to do with her distant relative – in the 23 years of Wilhelm’s exile, she never received him. Until his death in 1941, the Kaiser never gave up hopes of resuming his role in Germany – he even wrote to Hitler offering his services, which understandably didn’t improve his standing with the Dutch government either. Back in Berlin on the afternoon of the 9th of November 1918, rumours had reached the SPD’s Philipp Scheidemann, lunching with Ebert at the Reichstag, that Karl Liebknecht, leader of the Spartacus League (the precursor of the German Communist Party) was about to declare a Soviet Republic. To steal Liebknecht’s thunder, Scheidemann stepped onto one of the balconies of the Reichstag to give a spontaneous speech, in which he declared “The old and rotten, the monarchy has collapsed. The new may live. Long live the German Republic!” Philipp Scheidemann addressing the crowd from the Reichtag restaurant’s window on 9 November 1918. Ebert, the SPD’s chairman, was furious and told Scheidemann he had no right to declare a republic – the political form of the new German state should be for the Constitutional Assembly to decide. But the rumour about Liebknecht had been true enough; gaining a balcony of the Stadtschloss (City Palace) on Lustgarten, two hours after Scheidemann had made his own proclamation from the Reichstag, and fuelled by the momentum originating from the sailors’ mutiny at Kiel, Liebknecht indeed declared a Communist (Soviet) Republic. Liebknecht’s action resulted in the creation of a revolutionary Council of People’s Deputies. In a classic “if you can’t beat them, join them” spiel, the SPD’s Ebert and Scheidemann, who wanted to stay on the parliamentary track, got themselves elected to the revolutionary Council to prevent the most radical elements taking control. The SPD gradually gained control of the Council, and dissolved it in favour of the democratically elected Weimar National Assembly in February 1919. The ‘Liebknecht portal’, the only preserved part of the old Berlin City Palace, destroyed in 1950.Photo: Robin Oomkes The Stadtschloss, the centrepiece of these momentous events, was blown up by the GDR regime in 1950, though it made sure to save one piece: the portal from which Liebknecht had declared the revolution. Carefully restored, it was integrated into the new building for the GDR Council of State on the other side of Schlossplatz, where it remains today – and is now part of the management institute that currently occupies the building. By the time the new Stadtschloss will be finished, possibly by the 30th anniversary of the Fall of the Wall in 2019, there will actually be two Liebknecht Portals – one in the recreated City Palace, the other in the ex-GDR building across the square – but very little will be left of Communist Germany otherwise. It is hard to say which of the many fateful “ninth of Novembers” dotting German history had the most long term impact. Ironically, the events of November 1918, which could have done so much good for the country – the dismissal of a totally outdated, autocratic monarchy in favour of a modern, liberal democracy – ultimately caused such a violent backlash both on the populist as well as the conservative sides of society that it paved the way for the Nazis to take over. Words: Robin Oomkes Editing: Paul Sullivan Kaiser Wilhelm II, Second Reich, World War I9 November, abdication, Huis Doorn, Kaiser Wilhelm II, Karl Liebknecht, Scheidemann Living History at the Dead Emperor’s – at Museum Huis Doorn May 27, 2014 May 27, 2014 roomkes4 Comments I revisited Museum Huis Doorn last weekend. This country house, in a wooded area on the banks of the Rhine near Utrecht, is where Kaiser Wilhelm II ended up after seeking refuge in The Netherlands in November 1918. From the date of his forced abdication onwards, he never travelled far from Doorn. He spent his days chopping wood (yes, really), and never gave up hoping to be able to return to the Fatherland as Kaiser. He died at Huis Doorn, at the age of 82, in 1941. His remains are still there, in a purpose-built mausoleum in the museum grounds. Occasionally, groups of Prussian nostalgists come from Germany to lay wreaths at his coffin – the last occasion was the Kaiser’s 155th birthday in January 2014. The picture below is taken through one of the mausoleum’s windows, and is probably as close as you’ll get to seeing an actual dead emperor on this blog! When I visited, the house grounds were taken over by a living history event depicting daily life in WW I – both in the armed forces as well as at home. I didn’t know this, but there’s a distinction between living history and historical reenactment: whilst the latter is more about getting the details of the battles right, the former focuses on depicting daily life, costumes, and arts and crafts as close to the historical original as possible, usually with an educational purpose. For the event at Huis Doorn, living history groups had turned up from Belgium, the UK, France, the Netherlands and Germany. Now you should know that, as a trained historian, I usually even frown upon historical novels, because of the poetic license that I imagine their authors to take. I like my history unfrivolous and hard-core. But I was fascinated by the living history people. The ones I spoke to really knew their stuff and also were able to put their roles into context. I spoke to a German guy called Siggi, who played the role of an ensign in the Prussian army. He had a great beard and a wonderful banner showing the colours of his regiment. I was curious how ‘military’ these guys actually were, so I asked Siggi if he had ever served in the army. It turned out he’d served in the Bundeswehr for four years as an NCO at some point. Because he’d been a sergeant-major during his stint in the modern army, that’s the historical uniform he also liked to wear when role-playing, because it was what he identified with most. But many of his fellow role-players had not served in the army, or if they had, wore any uniform they chose. According to Siggi, there were no set rules for this. When I asked Siggi what he imagined the biggest difference there would have been between life in the modern army as opposed to 100 years ago, he immediately said ‘discipline’ – the discipline to which soldiers were subjected to back then was much stricter than today. Transgressions which would have lost you a weekend’s leave back then would not even be noticed today. For depicting life ‘back home’, the organisers had chosen to represent the upper classes: ‘grand-mère’s birthday on the lawn’, complete with croquet, cucumber sandwiches and deferential staff. All very Downton-esque and beautifully done. For the people in this group, it meant sitting in their lawn chairs the whole afternoon, making conversation about grand-mère and other family matters, and as far as I could see they never dropped their roles. An interesting point in the proceedings arrived when a ‘Dutch officer’ began explaining the uniforms of four ‘Prussian soldiers’ to the public. This took place in front of grand-mère’s marquee and gave a nice contrast between military life and aristocratic hedonism. As the Kaiser himself loved to dress up in all kinds of military uniforms, and certainly showed a lot of awareness of Prussian history (see Berlin’s Terracotta army – the Statues of the Kaiser’s Victory Boulevard), I am sure he would have approved of such an event at the home where he spent the last twenty-three years of his life. As you’ve probably been able to read between the lines, this hard-core historian was very much won over by the commitment and hard work that the living history people put in their displays. Will I find some funny dress and join them? Probably not, if only because I’d probably get bored after 15 minutes of sitting still. Will I go again? Definitely – there’s a lot to learn by viewing these displays and talking to people who are so passionate about their chosen period. Kaiser Wilhelm IIDouglas, Huis Doorn, Kaiser Wilhelm II, living history, Netherlands, Preussen

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NORWEGIAN BLACK METALLERS TAAKE ANNOUNCE AUTUMN TOUR DATES Iconic Norwegian Black Metallers TAAKE will set out on a fifteen date European tour which will see the band play in Finland, Sweden, Austria, Slovenia, Italy, France, Spain, the UK and the Netherla…

2019-51/0000/en_head.json.gz/11752

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Alcuni consigli ai Sindaci che vogliono innovare la propria città di Michele Vianello Smart Communities Strategist Non possiamo più illuderci che siano sufficienti le “chiacchiere digitali”, i numerosi tavoli istituzionali ricchissimi di autoreferenzialità, per innovare il Paese. La gestione dell’alfabetizzazione digitale necessita della costituzione di team multidisciplinari e di gruppi di motivati evangelist madia processo telematico vianello Mi permetto di avanzare, in tutta amicizia, qualche consiglio a chi oggi si é trovato ad amministrare una qualsiasi città italiana. Anche se durante la campagna elettorale il candidato sindaco aveva avanzato proposte coraggiose in materia di I.T., oggi si trova a dedicare la maggior parte del suo tempo e delle sue energie alla gestione dell’ordinario. Inevitabilmente gli obblighi amministrativi e il suo Segretario Generale, e il suo Ingegnere capo ecc., lo spingono ad agire prevalentemente sul fronte dell’ordinarietà. Accetto scommesse; quel Sindaco giunto alla fine del mandato si troverà ad avere parlato di smart city e di agenda digitale, avrà aperto una pagina su Facebook, ma la sua attività e quella dei suoi collaboratori sarà stata assorbita, prevalentemente, dall’ordinaria amministrazione. Non avrà innovato il suo Comune e la sua Città. Le Amministrazioni locali costituiscono l’ossatura istituzionale del nostro Paese, la loro difficoltà ad innovare é un danno per tutti noi. Per uscire da questa situazione gravissima per il nostro Paese, dovremmo agire per rimuovere ostacoli di ordine generale, ma anche, seppur tra mille difficoltà, operare diversamente nelle realtà locali. Mi auguro sinceramente che la riforma della Pubblica Amministrazione targata Renzi/Madia metta a disposizione dei pubblici amministratori gli strumenti per “deburocratizzare” i loro Enti e recuperare l’autonomia amministrativa. Per “deburocratizzare” la Pubblica Amministrazione intendo: – eliminare l’eccesso di norme che contraddistingue l’ordinamento italiano; – eliminare le norme (Codice dell’Amministrazione digitale) che impediscono all’Information technology di affermarsi nel mondo pubblico. Se non si delegificherà l’uso dell’Information technology temo che Alessandra Poggiani, nonostante le sue indubbie capacità, potrà fare ben poco per affermare una Agenda Digitale nazionale; – affermare il primato dell’obiettivo da raggiungere sul rispetto delle norme. Tale primato dell’obiettivo dovrà essere la stella polare per misurare la retribuzione dei pubblici dipendenti di ogni settore, ordine e grado. La pervasività dell’introduzione dell’Information technology dovrà essere uno dei primi risultati da retribuire maggiormente. All’opposto,l’ostruzionismo all’introduzione dell’Information technology dovrà essere una delle prassi da penalizzare, anche da un punto di vista salariale; – sarà necessario pensionare (in breve tempo) una generazione di pubblici dipendenti. Culturalmente non sono in grado -e ciò si tocca con mano- di concepire la cultura che sottintende le piattaforme WEB; – andrà formata obbligatoriamente alla cultura del digitale una intera generazione (soprattutto nuova) di insegnanti, magistrati, prefetti, impiegati, segretari comunali. Non dimentichiamo che questi soggetti, nella loro autonomia, hanno nelle loro mani il destino della Pubblica Amministrazione italiana. La politica in questo caso c’entra poco, se non nel rendere obbligatoria la formazione e sanzionare chi intende ostacolarla; – affidare ai cittadini, estendo l’uso delle piattaforme web e degli open data, gli strumenti per partecipare alla vita pubblica in modo consapevole, condividere le informazioni, i dati, il sapere, giudicare costantemente la qualità dei servizi e il processo di innovazione. Posso comprendere come queste proposte -le definirei precondizioni- di assoluto buon senso, possano sembrare eccessivamente ultimative. Qualcuno le etichetterà nella categoria del velleitarismo. Tuttavia, possiamo ancora permetterci di tergiversare nell’introduzione dell’Information technology nella Pubblica Amministrazione italiana? Quanti punti di PIL stiamo sprecando giorno dopo giorno? Non possiamo più illuderci che siano sufficienti le “chiacchiere digitali”, i numerosi tavoli istituzionali ricchissimi di autoreferenzialità, per innovare il Paese. Torniamo allora al nostro Sindaco prigioniero dell’ordinaria amministrazione e del patto di stabilità. In Italia stanno emergendo tantissime best practice, innovative -anche nei centri medio piccoli- peccato che vengano scarsamente condivise. Sarebbe opportuno che le pratiche di condivisione della conoscenza e delle metodologie -prima ancora che i software- venissero sperimentate in ambiti più vasti e rese note. L’AGID potrebbe essere un veicolo straordinario di diffusione delle buone pratiche. Laddove un territorio é contraddistinto da piccoli comuni, lì, le pratiche di condivisione potrebbero diventare “sistema” ed essere promosse ed incentivate dalle Regioni. Se una Amministrazione si distinguerà per la capacità di coinvolgere i cittadini e gli stakeholders, lì potrebbero essere questi soggetti a promuovere e a sostenere i piani di alfabetizzazione digitale della popolazione. L’Amministrazione dovrebbe assumere la regia di queste attività e finalizzarle. Per attuare con efficacia queste attività, l’Amministrazione dovrebbe dotarsi di professionalità specifiche. Recentemente ho affermato, in modo provocatorio che tali attività non andranno affidate agli informatici. Da sole queste competenze (perché tali sono) non sono in grado di guidare un processo di estrema complessità. La gestione dell’alfabetizzazione digitale (che non è insegnare l’informatica o postare su un social network, né tantomeno convincere sulle virtù del digitale) necessita della costituzione di team multidisciplinari e di gruppi di motivati evangelist. Promuovere la trasformazione innovativa di un centro urbano necessita di tante competenze, essa non é meno complessa della redazione di un piano urbanistico o di un piano di regolazione del commercio. Come vedete si tratta di operazioni non semplici, anzi abbastanza complesse, tuttavia sono assolutamente fattibili. Soprattutto, come sarà facilmente dimostrabile, saranno quasi sempre a costo zero o a budget molto contenuto. cirospat grazie dell’articolo. Il 7 aprile 2014 l’ho scritto con altre parole su innovatoripa: http://www.innovatoripa.it/posts/2014/04/5027/linnovazione-che-vorrei-nei-comuni-dal-2014-poi e mi sono avventurato in molti dettagli operativi Agenda Digitale locale Le due vie per ripartire con Renzi: dai territori Agenda digitale: le vie dell'execution il punto La Riforma PA uccide le smart cities: e meno male di Michele Vianello, Digital Evangelist di Ars & Invention

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MONDAY REPORT FOR MAY 13 NOW AVAILABLE by Don Clippinger / May 13, 2019 / Published in News The Monday Report for May 13 is now available here. The web address is: https://www.nationalsteeplechase.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/MR5-13-19w.pdf

2019-22/0000/en_head.json.gz/3373

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Home > Current & Recent Research Projects > 186 Technological Change and Obsolete Skills: Evidence from Men’s Professional Tennis This project examines the consequences of technological change for workers. In the late 1970’s, the men’s professional tennis game was dramatically altered by the introduction of a new racket technology. The new rackets, commonly called metal or graphite, were superior to the previous wooden rackets in every dimension. Within a few years, the entire professional tour had switched to the new rackets which drastically altered the pace of the game as well as the style of play. The abrupt switch in rackets meant that some players had to adapt to the new technology mid-career. Using data from the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) tour, the authors will examine the consequences of this technological innovation on earnings, worker productivity, career length, entry and exit, and inequality (both cross-sectional and within-cohort). The data cover the years 1968 to the present, although earlier years may be available as well. The authors argue that the episode provides valuable insights regarding the effects of technological innovation on workers, especially when innovation makes previously valuable skills obsolete. W.E. Upjohn Institute LABOR MARKET ISSUES; Job security and unemployment dynamics; WORKFORCE DEVELOPMENT; Job skills and standards

2019-09/0000/en_head.json.gz/10152

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Imran Khan's new government promises 4 'E's' policy to fight terrorism A file photo shows civil society activists in Karachi protesting last December against the brutality of Taliban militants. "Pakistan and the Taliban can't live together," says the banner in centre. [Zia Ur Rehman] KARACHI -- Pakistani Prime Minister Imran Khan and his newly elected government are set to take on a myriad of domestic and external challenges, not least of which is the country's long problem with terrorism and militancy. Khan gave a wide-ranging, televised address on August 19 in which he announced his government's reform plans, targeting corruption and focusing on improving human development. Building on many of his campaign pledges, Khan vowed to build an Islamic welfare state, modeled loosely after the city of Medina, and touched upon pressing issues rarely mentioned by his predecessors, including child sex abuse and climate change. Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf party leader Imran Khan (left) prays with Aslam Raisani on July 15 in Quetta. Aslam is the elder brother of Siraj Raisani, a candidate for a Balochistan Provincial Assembly seat who was killed in a July 13 suicide bombing in Mastung. [Banaras Khan/AFP] Although analysts and critics pointed out that Khan did not discuss how his government would tackle militancy and terrorism in the county, his party, the Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI), does include a discussion of national counter-terrorism policy in its 2018 manifesto. The document calls for immediate steps to reform the criminal justice system and to revise anti-terror legislation to improve the focus on fighting terrorism. To counter jihadist militancy, the policy also highlights a four "E's" approach: Expose, Enforce, Eliminate and Educate. "The first part is 'exposing' the links between active and passive terrorists and winning over the latter," Muhammad Amir Rana, director of the Islamabad-based think tank Pak Institute for Peace Studies (PIPS), told Pakistan Forward. "The second part is about 'enforcing' the [counter-terrorism] National Action Plan [NAP] as well as Pakistan's international treaty and convention commitments on counterterrorism." "The third seeks to 'eliminate' hardcore terrorists, while the fourth calls for 'educating' people by developing a counter-ideological narrative on terrorism," said Rana. Khan's new government will have to deal with some critical challenges linked to countering terrorism and militancy, he added. Avoiding complacency Despite a significant decline in terror incidents and related fatalities over the past five years, militancy continues to fester across the country, posing a significant challenge for the new government. Khan's PTI-led coalition government assumed power during a small window of relative peace, as compared to the terrorist threats that confronted the previous two governments, led by the Pakistan Muslim League-Nawaz (2013-2018) and the Pakistan Peoples Party (2008-2013). A report produced by an international research institution highlights an overall turning point in the fight against extremism and shows a global decline in the number of deaths caused by terrorism, including in Pakistan. "In a positive trend, Afghanistan, Nigeria, Syria and Pakistan -- which are among the five countries most impacted by terrorism -- all recorded a reduction in the number of deaths from terrorism," said the Global Terrorism Index 2017 report published by the Institute for Economics and Peace at the University of Maryland. Pakistan saw 956 deaths caused by terrorism, a 12% decrease, according to the report, adding that this was the lowest number of deaths since 2006. In its 2017 annual security report, PIPS, the Islamabad-based think tank, also found that Pakistan's internal security situation had improved, with a 16% decrease in the number of terrorist attacks in Pakistan from the previous year. Even with the reduction of violence -- especially compared to the general election in 2013 -- bombings at election rallies ahead of this year's July 25 general election killed more than 200 people. Such attacks included a suicide bombing on July 13 that killed politician Siraj Raisani during an election rally in Mastung, Balochistan. The bombing, claimed by the "Islamic State of Iraq and Syria" (ISIS), took at least 149 lives. In another incident on July 11, Tehreek-e-Taliban Pakistan (TTP) claimed responsibility for a bombing in Peshawar that killed at least 21 people, including local Awami National Party (ANP) leader Haroon Bashir Bilour. Challenges remain Despite modest progress by Pakistani leaders in tackling terrorism, many security challenges continue to challenge Pakistan's internal stability and remain unaddressed, the PIPS report noted. "Some new challenges are rearing their heads, such as the emergence of self-radicalised individuals and small terrorist cells, growing incidence of religious extremism including on educational campuses, persistent cross-border attacks by Pakistani militants [in] Afghanistan and the increasing footprints of [ISIS] in parts of the country and the convergence of its Afghan fighters near Pakistani border," according to the report. Although such groups are significantly weakened, Pakistan still faces threats as militants continue their terrorist acts, said Abubakkar Yousafzai, a Karachi-based civil society activist who campaigns against militants like the Taliban. "Thousands of Pakistanis have been killed in terror attacks all over the country over the past several years," Yousafzai told Pakistan Forward. "Khan should have clearly articulated and announced [his government's] internal security policy in his first public speech as prime minister." Adding that a rise in religious fundamentalism and intolerance is another challenge to the country, Yousafzai noted that "Stopping proscribed outfits from re-emerging with new names and acting against those groups promoting religious hatred should be the top challenge of the new government." Oghaz Banda: It is a beautiful village of District Battagram. It is situated 08 kilometres to the North West of Battagram, 14 kilometres to the South of Thakot and at the bottom of Tor Ghar.. It is a village of 'Sadaat Sherazi' who are very genius and hardworking people. This village has produced several doctors, engineers, economists and Islamic scholars who are serving in different departments of Pakistan. May Allah protect my this beautiful village from the evil designs of its enemies. Aameen! . He has brought the change and the change is that the mad man has caused dearness. He himself is enjoying with the helicopter and is outraging the poor public and is getting their imprecation. In the leadership of Imran, peace will come to Pakistan and economy will get better; high profile dacoits will bend on their knees by grace of Allah Counter-terrorism operation under way in wake of Mastung massacre An ISIS suicide bomber killed at least 149 people during an election rally in Mastung, Balochistan, and so far 9 arrests have been made in connection to the massacre. | Diplomacy Observers applaud Imran Khan's diplomatic stance toward US The cross-border movement of militants to and from Afghanistan has strained Pakistani-US relations in recent years. | Politics Pakistan looks on in hope as Imran Khan becomes prime minister Khan's government faces myriad challenges ranging from population growth to simmering extremism, but many are hoping he can steer the country in the right direction.

2019-18/0000/en_head.json.gz/18605

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CIA releases declassified papers on Mao’s China The Central Intelligence Agency has made public 71 previously classified documents on China, including the National Intelligence Estimates issued over the 30-year period of Mao Zedong's rule.The collection is available on the agency's web site and will be released by the US Government Printing Office on compact disc.In his introduction to the documents, Robert L. Suettinger, a career intelligence analyst, described the collection as "an impressive one" in which "the fundamentals are consistently right."Among the most important judgments, Mr. Suettinger wrote, was a consistently accurate assessment that the Communist Party in China was never challenged from 1948 on its predominance of power on the Chinese mainland. Other assessments contained in the documents include:one written in 1950, on the eve of the Peoples Republic of China's entry into the Korean War, correctly stating that that Communist Chinese forces were capable of either halting the northward path of United Nations forces or of "forcing U.N. withdrawal further south through a powerful assault." a Special National Intelligence Estimate issued in 1966, stating, "At present levels of American action [in North Vietnam], we continue to believe that China will not commit its ground or air forces to sustained combat against the U.S." a 1967 intelligence estimate correctly predicting the demise of Red Guard politics after Mao: “As long as Mao is capable of political command, China's situation will probably be tense and inherently unstable" … a "disorderly and contentious" struggle would follow and eventually a move away from "discredited" policies to "secure modest economic growth”.A main shortcoming, Suettinger wrote in his assessment, was "overestimating the importance of ideological solidarity and other centripetal forces within the Communist Bloc at least during the 1950's." # posted by Fabian @ 1:02 AM Comments:

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Rep. Buerkle Statement Regarding January Jobs Numbers By: Ann Marie Buerkle Date: Feb. 4, 2012 Congresswoman Ann Marie Buerkle (NY-25) released the following statement regarding the January jobs report. "We received some encouraging news today with the release of the January jobs numbers. Any signs of economic recovery are positive steps for our country. "While today's numbers are encouraging, there is much more work to be done. The unemployment rate is still much too high and unfortunately the long-term unemployment rate has remained steady. "Our nation's economic revitalization would be occurring at faster pace if the administration was serious about supporting pro-growth initiatives. The administration's burdensome government regulations on businesses, out of control spending, and lack of investment in job creating projects such as the Keystone XL Pipeline are stifling the economic growth our country needs. In addition, the Senate has refused to act on any of the thirty jobs bills that the House has passed. "I am pleased there is some reason for hope in the unemployment numbers, but I am confident we can do much better if President Obama and the Senate stop standing in the way of businesses and pro-growth initiatives." Source: http://buerkle.house.gov/press-release/rep-buerkle-statement-regarding-january-jobs-numbers

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Online Degree Help Degree in Biology Biology is all about life – how living things are structured, how they function, grow and evolve. Biologists study living things and show us how they began and where they are headed to in the total scheme of life on earth. There are many sub-disciplines under biology and each one focuses on different aspects of life as we know it. You can specialize in different areas such as marine biology, ecology, neurobiology, microbiology, evolutionary biology and other related topics. What Kind of Jobs Can I get with a Biology Degree? Jobs awaiting Biology degree holders include working as biological scientists, veterinarians, zoologists, bioinformatics specialists, and instructors in high schools and colleges. They can find careers in the different fields such as forensics, biotechnology, business and industry, mathematics, politics and policy-making; art; and science writing as journalist and writers. How Long Does It Take to Get a Biology Degree? You can obtain the different degree levels in Biology just like the levels of other courses. An associate’s degree can usually be completed in 2 years while a full time student can earn a bachelor’s degree in about 4 years, assuming you take the regular 2-semester academic year studies. The time period can be applied to the Master’s and Doctoral Degree programs for different majors in biology. How Much Can I Earn with a Biology Degree? Salaries of biologists are determined by their experience and the industry where they work. New graduates with a bachelor degree can expect to earn as much as $33,000 annually while those with more years, say thirty, can earn more than $103,000. Private industry biologists can be paid around $20,000 more than those who are employed at an academic institute or non-profit organizations which usually pay between $60,000 and $70,000. What Are Common Classes Involved in Earning a Biology Degree? For a bachelor’s degree, the required classes include chemistry, zoology, physics, biology and genetics, and as electives, anatomy, microbiology, anatomy, and molecular genetics. In addition, students must also complete mathematics and science labs. What Levels of Degrees Can Be Gained with a Biology Degree? A career in biology starts with either an associate’s or bachelor’s degree. An associate’s degree introduces the student to the basics of the biological sciences, and general subjects covering different specializations. A bachelor’s degree provides students with appropriate studies in biological sciences and as preparatory course for medical school or in related health sciences. A Master of Science in Biology focuses on specific area of biology such as biochemistry, botany, molecular biology or microbiology. A doctorate in biology puts the student at forefront of science and technology, preparing them to become medical researchers, geneticists, and medical doctors and hospital administrators. What are the Best Colleges to Get a Biology Degree? There are many colleges and universities in the country with generally strong biology degree programs. The schools you choose should correspond not only to what you can afford but also should answer your needs and fit your lifestyle. Some of the best schools are: Stanford University in California for BS in Biology; University of Chicago in Illinois for graduate biology programs; University of Washington; University of Arizona; Boston University; University of California in San Diego; University of Delaware; Vanderbilt University; American University; Howard University; and Missouri University of Science and Technology. What is the Average Cost of a Biology Degree? The average tuition cost for biology schools in Columbus, Mississippi is $12,051 for non-residents of the state and $4,423 for in state residents. In Chattanooga, Tennessee the average tuition cost for a biology degree program for in state residents is $9,300 while for non state residents it is $11,800. { 1 trackback } Missouri University of Science and Technology Degrees, Programs and Reviews Previous post: Degree in Acquisition and Contract Management Concentration Next post: Degree in Biochemistry

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Latvian mother seeks damages for Down's child A controversial court case has angered disability groups across Europe. A Latvian mother has accused doctors of breaching her rights after her daughter was born with Down's syndrome. In 2002, a 41-year-old Latvian woman, Laura (not her real name), gave birth to a child with Down's syndrome. It was only then that the she found out that mothers over the age of 35 fall into a higher risk category. Many doctors offer prenatal screening tests to detect such chromosomal disorders - and some parents decide to terminate the pregnancy based on the results of those tests. Laura's doctor apparently failed to do this. She therefore lodged a complaint with the health authorities in a bid to get compensation - but judges in Latvia rejected the claim. So Laura has taken her case all the way to the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR), claiming her right to a proper family life has been violated. She wants around 300,000 euros ($371,000) in moral damages to provide an allowance for her child. "We're basing our complaint on two articles of the European Convention on Human Rights," her lawyer, Solvita Olsena. "First, the right to respect for private life prescribed by article eight. In other words, the right to have a reproductive choice and to know about reproductive matters. And secondly, we think there's been a breach of article six of the convention because she was denied a fair trial." Olsena claims there is evidence of malpractice on the part of the doctor that was not allowed by the court in Latvia. Laura is now facing legal costs of around 4,000 euros, which she cannot afford. Rights groups up in arms Her quest for justice has provoked an angry response from more than 20 associations who work with people suffering from Down's syndrome. Earlier this year they launched an online petition calling on judges in the ECHR in Strasbourg to reject Laura's case. Liva Veiherte from the Latvian Down's Syndrome Society was among those who signed the petition. "This is the first case where a mother has asked for the fundamental human right to euthanize her unborn child. And I really want to stress that we are not talking about abortion which is right or wrong depending on one's moral standards. This is about euthanasia which would be carried out in the last months of pregnancy," said Veiherte. Veiherte believes people shouldn't be discriminated against because of genetic defects. And people with Down's syndrome, she says, don't usually suffer any physical pain because of their condition. They go to school, have jobs and can live full and independent lives. Laimdota Landisa has also signed the international petition against Laura's case. She herself has a 13-year-old daughter who has Down's syndrome. And like Laura, Landisa was 41 when she gave birth. "Victoria was our fourth child, and the long-awaited girl in the family. We didn't suspect any disorder because I'd had a sonogram, which usually detects irregularities during pregnancy. And the doctor didn't offer any additional genetic screening." Landisa says that Victoria's Down's syndrome came as a shock and turned her life upside down. She considered rejecting the baby but eventually decided to take her daughter home. Her husband, though, couldn't accept this decision, and he left the family. Landisa went back to work and has raised Victoria alone along with her three other children. She says it's been a rough ride, but it's been worth it. "I realized that I wouldn't cope, and I sought help," Landisa explained. "I joined a support group, and from early on I took Victoria to various day care centers. But I raised her. I don't know how it is in other countries, but here in Latvia mothers have to manage everything themselves if they want to raise children with disabilities." Legal controversy According to Henrietta Roscam Abbing, an editor at the European Journal of Health Law, Laura's claim has caused an uproar over issues which are not even the essence of the case: "The court will not judge on those issues because the case is not about that," she told DW. "It's about informed consent and whether the woman was given a choice about taking screening test or not. And that is personal autonomy, which is in the European Convention of Human Rights. You shouldn't bring that in the light of abortion and of the disabled. That's what disturbing me very much." The case has only just come before the ECHR, so it will be months before judges deliver their verdict. In the meantime, disability rights groups are continuing to collect signatures for their petition. Down's syndrome test causes ethical dilemma In the past it was called mongolism, today it’s referred to as Down's syndrome. A new blood test can help detect the genetic defect within unborn babies - causing an ethical dilemma. (06.07.2012) Insurance costs deliver a blow to home births Skyrocketing insurance claims are making it more difficult for community midwives in Germany to make ends meet. Women who want to give birth at home often struggle to find a midwife to care for them. (08.06.2012) Listen to the report from Riga Author Gederts Gelzis, Riga Related Subjects Latvia Keywords Down's Syndrome, Latvia, European Court of Human Rights Permalink https://p.dw.com/p/15oba Center-right projected to remain biggest group in EU Parliament 18.04.2019 How safe is bus travel in Europe? 18.04.2019 Mallorca aims for refined cocktails, not party tourism 18.04.2019 The Spanish Mediterranean island of Mallorca is particularly popular with German tourists — maybe even too popular, if you talk to some of its residents. How is Mallorca trying to control this "overtourism"?

2019-18/0000/en_head.json.gz/5042

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Contacter un conseiller : 04 76 45 84 84 Trek dans les fjords de l'Est 7 jours à partir de 1975 € Réserver / Devis Accueil > Islande > trek fjords Gîte ou Tente Réf : T6IL 7 jours à partir de 1975 € Réserver / Devis Une région somptueuse et très peu fréquentée. Le choix de l’hébergement : en gîte ou sous tente. La réunion d’information à Reykjavik avec un membre de notre équipe locale (brief circuit, conseils...). En option, la découverte complémentaire du sud de l’Islande. Des montagnes de toutes tailles et formes bordent les fjords de l’Est de cette terre de feu et de glace dans une débauche de couleurs : du sable noir des plages aux tons ocre ou rouges des crêtes de rhyolithe, contrastant avec les teintes bleues ou vertes de l’Océan. Un trek hors des sentiers battus, complété par la découverte de la diversité des paysages du sud du pays et les sites de renom comme Skaftafell, Geysir ou Gullfoss. Votre formule hébergement + Transport des bagages Gîte Tente Sans transport des bagages Nous consulter * Sur une base de 4 personnes Le trek de Landmannalaugar Ski et aurores boréales au pays de feu La randonnée volcanique La traversée du Vatnajökull LES VOYAGES LIBERTÉ Vous rêvez d’un voyage entre amis ou en famille, à votre rythme, sans vous préoccuper de l’organisation logistique. Suivre un itinéraire à l’aide de cartes, topos, balises, n’a plus de secret pour vous. Partez à la date de votre choix pour l’un de nos voyages Liberté, une sélection des plus beaux itinéraires à découvrir sans guide. L’expérience des guides-accompagnateurs à votre service Grâce à notre expérience de terrain, nous élaborons des voyages à pied et à vélo accessibles sans guide-accompagnateur à tout randonneur ou cycliste un peu expérimenté. Vous ne vous occupez ni des réservations ni du transport des bagages*. Il vous reste le plaisir de découvrir votre roadbook, incluant cartes, itinéraire détaillé, informations pratiques, bons de réservation et, le cas échéant, billets d’avion. * Sauf dispositions particulières. Portage : Au choix : Uniquement vos affaires de la journée, ou portage des affaires pendant 5 jours. Hébergement : Gîte, refuge Encadrement : sans encadrement Groupe : A partir de 2 personnes Période : De juillet à août Hébergement : guest-house (reykjavík). Repas : selon la formule. Transfert : 45 min. De l’aéroport de Keflavik, transfert collectif jusqu’à votre hébergement. Nuit à Reykjavík. Reykjavík - Egilsstaðir - début du trek : Stórurð - Borgarfjörður Eystri Hébergements : refuge ou tente. Repas libres. Transfert pour l’aéroport domestique et vol tôt dans la matinée pour Egilsstaðir, la “capitale” de l’est du pays, puis transfert immédiat vers les fjords, à 55 kilomètres de là. Arrivés au col de Vatnsskarð, vous quittez le véhicule pour commencer la première étape du trek. Randonnée jusqu’à Stórurð, une petite oasis cachée sous la chaîne de montagne très découpée de Dyrfjöll, en passant par la montagne Geldingafjall qui offre un panorama magnifique. Retour à la route par une petite vallée le long d’une rivière, avant d’être récupérés par un véhicule qui vous amène jusqu’à votre hébergement dans le petit village de Bakkagerði, au bord de l’océan. Borgarfjörður eystri - Brúnavík - Breiðavík 5 à 7 h de marche. Départ du village à pied. Montée à un col, puis descente dans le fjord de Brúnavík. Ici vous pouvez admirer les vagues de l’Atlantique nord, avant de remonter la vallée puis de passer le magnifique col de Súluskarð. Les montagnes et collines de rhyolite qui l’entourent offrent un véritable festival de couleurs. Du col, descente dans le fjord de Kjólsvík. Un dernier col peu marqué vous conduit à votre étape du soir à Breiðavík, le plus large de ces fjords déserts. Breiðavík - Húsavík Vous quittez la vallée colorée de Breiðavík en direction des montagnes. Vous remontez ensuite le long d’une rivière et arrivez à un petit lac. Puis montée jusqu’à un col, au pied de la montagne Hvítserkur, connue pour ses jolies couleurs, et vue sur la très belle vallée qui débouche à Húsavík. Descente dans la vallée étroite se terminant à l’océan. Le soir, petite balade digestive d’exploration de la plage et visite de la minuscule petite église, qui était en service jusque dans les années 1970. Húsavík - Loðmundarfjörður Belle journée de randonnée au cours de laquelle vous franchissez à nouveau les montagnes pour atteindre Loðmundarfjörður. Ce fjord était peuplé d’une centaine de personnes au début du XXe siècle du fait de la présence de terrains fertiles dans le fond de la vallée et de la proximité de lieux de pêche accessibles. Il subsiste quelques maisons et une église. La randonnée passe par l’impressionnant Loðmundarskriður, formé il y a des milliers d’années par une formidable explosion de la montagne volcanique voisine. Loðmundarfjörður - Seyðisfjörður (fin du trek) Hébergement : guest-house. Repas libres. Transfert : Transfert : 40 km, durée de vol, 1h. . Vous parcourez aujourd’hui l’ancien chemin traversant les alpages de Hjálmárdalsheiði, pendant des siècles la principale voie de communication entre les fermes isolées de Loðmundarfjörður et les port et commerces de Seyðisfjörður. A mesure que vous grimpez, vous commencez à apercevoir les sommets dominant les fjords du Sud. Une fois au col de Hall, le grand fjord de Seyðisfjörður apparaît dans sa totalité, beaucoup plus profond que ceux auxquels vous avez rendu visite ces jours derniers : la mer se faufile entre d’impressionnantes montagnes sur près de 17 kilomètres jusqu’au fond du fjord, occupé par le village du même nom. Au-dessus du village, une rivière dévale les pentes en formant de nombreuses cascades jusqu’aux eaux calmes du lagon. Tout au long de la descente, le spectacle est éblouissant. Transfert pour l'aéroport d'Egilsstaðir et envol en soirée pour Reykjavík. Transfert à votre arrivée pour votre hébergement à Reykjavík. Seyðisfjörður - Egilsstaðir - Höfn Transfert de votre hébergement à Reykjavík à l’aéroport de Keflavík. EXTENSION FJORDS DE L’EST ET CÔTE SUD AVEC VEHICULE Si vous choisissez l'extension jusqu'à Reykjavik, avec location de véhicule, voici l'itinéraire que nous vous proposons. Nous consulter pour les tarifs. J 6 / LOÐMUNDARFJÖRÐUR - SEYÐISFJÖRÐUR (FIN DU TREK) Hébergement : auberge de jeunesse ou camping à Seyðisfjörður. Vous parcourez aujourd’hui l’ancien chemin traversant les alpages de Hjálmárdalsheiði, pendant des siècles la principale voie de communication entre les fermes isolées de Loðmundarfjörður et les port et commerces de Seyðisfjörður. A mesure que vous grimpez, vous commencez à apercevoir les sommets dominant les fjords du Sud. Une fois au col de Hall, le grand fjord de Seyðisfjörður apparaît dans sa totalité, beaucoup plus profond que ceux auxquels vous avez rendu visite ces jours derniers : la mer se faufile entre d’impressionnantes montagnes sur près de 17 kilomètres jusqu’au fond du fjord, occupé par le village du même nom. Au-dessus du village, une rivière dévale les pentes en formant de nombreuses cascades jusqu’aux eaux calmes du lagon. Tout au long de la descente, le spectacle est éblouissant. J 7 / SEYÐISFJÖRÐUR - EGILSSTAÐIR - HÖFN Distance : 115 à 215 km ; 3 à 5 h de marche. Transfert : 2 à 3 h 30. Livraison de votre véhicule de location à Seyðisfjörður et prise en main de ce dernier. Après une petite balade aux cascades de Fardagafoss, départ en véhicule des fjords de l’Est direction Egilsstaðir, puis route vers le sud. Passage par la piste d’Öxi et arrivée au fjord de Berufjörður. Au fond du fjord, balade jusqu’à une belle série de cascades dans la vallée de Fossadalur. Ensuite, profitez des alentours de Djúpivogur pour marcher au bord de l’océan et observer les oiseaux. Nuit dans la région de Djúpivogur ou Höfn. J 8 / LAC GLACIAIRE DE JÖKULSARLON - CAP D’INGOLFSHÖFÐI Distance : 140 km ; 2 à 5 h de marche. Transfert : 1 h 45. Vous suivez la route principale, le long de la côte sud-est, en direction de l’énorme glacier du Vatnajökull, dont vous commencez à apercevoir les énormes langues glaciaires. Arrivée au lac de Jökulsarlón, encombré d’icebergs provenant du gigantesque glacier Breiðamerjökull, et petite randonnée le long du lac et de la côte voisine (l’Océan est à moins de 200 m !). Puis, court transfert jusqu’au cap d’Ingólfshöfði (option) pour observer les milliers d’oiseaux marins (notamment des macareux) qui colonisent ce promontoire au tout début de l’été. Par beau temps, très belle vue sur les hautes montagnes glaciaires et les immenses langues issues du Vatnajökull. Les gorges de Múlagljúfur sont magnifiques pour une randonnée dans l’après-midi. Nuit dans la région de Skaftafell. J 9 / PARC NATIONAL DE SKAFTAFELL Dénivelée positive : 300 à 1000 m. Dénivelée négative : 300 à 1000 m. 4 à 7 h de marche. Une journée de marche dans le parc, sur les hautes landes de Skaftafellsheiði, éventuellement jusqu’au sommet du Kristinartindar (1126 m). Vous êtes au pied du plus grand glacier d’Europe, le Vatnajökull, et découvrez une oasis verte de bouleaux arctiques, entourée de montagnes, coincée entre deux impressionnantes langues glaciaires, et décorée de vallées colorées, rivières et fleurs. Vue sur l’énorme plaine noire d’inondations, le Skeiðarársandur ; l’inondation catastrophique de novembre 1996, causée par l’éruption sous le Vatnajökull, y est passée. Nuit dans la région de Skaftafell. J 10 / CÔTE SUD : KIRKJUBÆJARKLAUSTUR - CANYON DE FJAÐRÁRGLJÚFUR - PRESQU’ÎLE DE DYRHÓLAEY - VÍK - CASCADES DE SELJALANDSFOSS ET SKÓGAFOSS Distance : 260 km, transfert 4h ; 3 à 4 h de marche. Route vers l’ouest le long de la côte sud. Arrêt au village de Kirkjubæjarklaustur, puis court transfert pour une petite randonnée le long de l’impressionnant canyon volcanique de Fjaðrárgljúfur, taillé dans les tufs volcaniques par la rivière. Visite de Reynisfjara, avec sa plage de sable noir et ses magnifiques orgues basaltiques, puis de la presqu’île de Dyrhólaey (paysages, macareux) et du village du Vík avec ses falaises (la plus grande colonie de sternes arctiques du pays). Enfin, découverte des cascades de Seljalandsfoss et Skógafoss. Nuit dans les environs de Hvolsvöllur ou Hella. J 11 / PARC NATIONAL DE THINGVELLIR - GEYSIR - GULLFOSS - REYKJAVIK Distance : 200 km ; 2 à 3 h de marche. Transfert : 4 h. Journée consacrée à la découverte du fameux cercle d’Or : premier arrêt à Gullfoss (la puissante "cascade dorée"), le Niagara des Islandais, dont les eaux plongent dans les gorges de Hvítá (la "rivière blanche"). Court transfert pour Geysir, qui a donné son nom à toutes les fontaines de vapeur jaillissantes du monde, les geysers. Visite du site, observation des geysers et des sources chaudes. Poursuite de la route jusqu’à Þingvellir, lieu d’importance historique et géologique : la Vallée du Parlement, où se tenaient les réunions annuelles dès l’époque de la colonisation par les Vikings, est en fait un vaste bassin d’effondrement accolé à une faille séparant les plaques tectoniques eurasienne et américaine. Le site est maintenant classé au patrimoine mondial de l’Unesco. Balade possible jusqu’à la cascade Öxarárfoss. Retour et nuit en guesthouse à Reykjavík. J 12 / DEPART DE REYKJAVIK NB : les temps de marche et les dénivelées sont donnés à titre indicatif. — 2 nuits en hébergement en chambre double avec petit déjeuner (sauf en cas de départ matinal), sanitaires à partager (à Reykjavík). — 4 nuits en camping OU sac de couchage en hébergement collectif. — Une tente pour deux et matelas (formule camping). — Un kit pour préparer les repas (formule camping). — La nourriture pendant le trekking (5 jours, commençant avec le pique nique du jour 2 et finissant avec le pique nique du jour 6). — Le transfert collectif aller-retour entre l´aéroport domestique de Reykjavík et l´hébergement à Reykjavík. — Le transfert collectif aller-retour entre l´aéroport de Keflavík et l´hébergement à Reykjavík. — Le vol aller-retour Reykjavík – Egilsstaðir. — Le transfert Egilsstaðir – Borgarfjörður Eystri. — Le transfert Seyðisfjörður – Borgarfjörður Eystri. — Le dossier de voyage complet, comprenant : • Un roadbook avec descriptif détaillé de l’itinéraire et de la logistique du voyage et toutes les informations pratiques, envoyé avant votre départ ; • Un jeu de cartes (carte générale du pays + cartes de détail pour un groupe de 2 à 4 personnes) couvrant les randonnées : remis sur place ; • Les bons d’échange pour un groupe de 2 à 4 personnes, remis sur place (sauf transfert Keflavík/Reykjavík, remis avant le départ). — La mise à disposition, sur demande, de l'ensemble des traces des randonnées sous format gpx. — Le vol pour Keflavík aller-retour. — Pour toute inscription à moins de 15 jours du départ, les frais de traitement prioritaire du dossier. — Tout ce qui n’est pas indiqué sous la rubrique “Le prix comprend”. — Les entrées dans les musées. La devise est la couronne islandaise (ISK), króna au singulier, krónur au pluriel. Taux de change (cours indicatif) : 1 € = entre 125 et 135 ISK, mais celui-ci évolue régulièrement, pensez à le vérifier avant votre départ pour ne pas avoir de mauvaise surprise. Vous pouvez emporter des euros en espèces. Il est possible de faire le change à l’aéroport de Reykjavík-Keflavík. L’utilisation des cartes bancaires est très répandue, y compris pour les faibles montants ; nous vous conseillons ce moyen de paiement. Des distributeurs automatiques de billets sont à disposition dans toutes les villes et même dans de nombreux villages. Balisage et sentiers A prévoir avant votre départ Carte Européenne Assurance Maladie (CEAM) Vous prenez l'avion avec Allibert ou vous ne prenez pas l'avion avec Allibert —Arrivée : transfert collectif à l'arrivée de votre vol qui vous conduira de l'aéroport à Reykjavík. —Départ : transfert collectif depuis votre hébergement jusqu'à l'aéroport de Keflavik. Rejoindre Rekjavik depuis la France — En vols réguliers : • De Paris ORLY et Paris CDG, on trouve des vols directs avec ICELANDAIR. • Des principales villes de province (Lyon, Marseille, Toulouse), il y a des vols avec une escale (compagnies ICELANDAIR, BRITISH). • De Genève, vols directs certains jours avec ICELANDAIR, avec escale avec SAS. • De Bruxelles, vols directs certains jours avec ICELANDAIR. — En vols low cost : • De Paris CDG, on trouve des vols directs quotidiens avec WOWAIR. • De Genève et Bâle-Mulhouse, on trouve des vols directs avec EASYJET. • De Lyon, on trouve des vols directs avec WOWAIR uniquement en période estivale. — Transfert collectif entre l'aéroport de Keflavik et votre hébergement à Reykjavik (J 1). — Transfert collectif entre votre hébergement à Reykjavik et l'aéroport domestique de Reykjavik (J 2). — Vol intérieur avec la compagnie Air Iceland (J 2). — Le transfert Egilsstaðir – Borgarfjörður Eystri (J 2). — Le transfert Seyðisfjörður – aéroport Egilsstaðir(J 6). — Transfert collectif entre l'aéroport domestique de Reykjavik et votre hébergement à Reykjavik (J 6). — Transfert collectif entre votre hébergement à Reykjavik et l'aéroport de Keflavik (J 7). En option: EXTENSION FJORDS DE L’EST ET CÔTE SUD AVEC VEHICULE En véhicule de location, kilométrage illimité, toutes taxes incluses, catégorie adaptée au nombre de participants. — Pour 2 participants : catégorie A, type Toyota Yaris (ou similaire), 5 portes ; — Pour 3 participants : catégorie B, type Golf VW (ou similaire), 5 portes ; — Pour 4 participants : catégorie C, type Toyota Corolla (ou similaire), 5 portes ; — pour 5 participants : catégorie N, type Skoda Octavia SW (ou similaire), 5 portes. — La législation évolue, et nous tenons à vous signaler que les loueurs exigent maintenant l'utilisation d'une carte de crédit, et non pas de débit. En générale, cette information est spécifiée sur la face principale de votre carte bancaire. Si vous avez un doute, ou si cette information ne figure pas sur votre carte, nous vous invitons à vous rapprocher de votre organisme bancaire. — Nous réservons des voitures avec direction assistée et boîte manuelle. En fonction des disponibilités des véhicules, vous pourrez parfois avoir une boîte automatique. — Catégorie de véhicule : voyager en Islande, c´est voyager dans un pays au climat inconstant. En plus de vos bagages, vous serez amenés à faire des courses, récupérer du matériel pour préparer vos repas, le cas échéant du matériel de camping. Il vous arrivera aussi de rentrer mouillés de randonnée, et vous apprécierez de pouvoir étaler vos vestes pour les faire sécher. Nous vous conseillons de ne pas sous-estimer ces détails qui auront un impact sur votre confort et donc sur les conditions dans lesquelles vous voyagerez. Pensez-y bien au moment de faire le choix de la catégorie de véhicule que vous souhaiterez louer. N'hésitez pas à demander conseil à votre conseiller, et demander un surclassement le cas échéant. —N'oubliez pas votre permis de conduire. Le petit plus Allibert : le loueur de voitures vient chercher le conducteur principal du véhicule à l'hébergement le matin du J 2 et le conduit dans ses locaux pour la mise à disposition du véhicule. Compris dans le prix : le "package BASIC", qui est inclus d’office dans notre contrat avec notre loueur de voiture. Il inclut l’assurance de base CDW (Collision Damage Waiver), la protection contre le vol (TP) ainsi que l’assurance personnes transportées (PAI). Les montants des franchises en cas d’accident responsable sont de 195 000 ISK soit environ 1 500 €. La CDW ne couvre pas les dommages causés aux pneus, optiques, pare-brise, bas de caisse. Elle ne couvre pas non plus les dommages causés par les projections de graviers, ni ceux causés par l'immersion du moteur (passage de gués). Il est possible de souscrire des assurances supplémentaires au moment de la récupération du véhicule (à régler sur place) : — Le package MEDIUM : il inclut les assurances du package BASIC plus l’assurance Super CDW (ou SCDW) et la Gravel protection (GP). Les montants des franchises en cas d’accident responsable sont de 49 500 ISK soit environ 400 €. — Le package PREMIUM : il inclut les assurances des packages BASIC et MEDIUM, auxquelles s'ajoutent l’assurance SADW (Sand & Ash Damage Waiver) ainsi que la couverture ZERO (les montants des franchises en cas d’accident responsable ainsi que celle de la SADW sont ramenées à zéro). Suppléments en option (Cat. A,B,C et N): — Assurance super CDW : 13 €/jour. — Assurance SADW : 12 €/jour. — Gravel Protection : 7 €/jour. — Package MEDIUM : 16 €/day. — Package PREMIUM : 30 €/day. — GPS dans le véhicule : 12 €/jour. — Siège-auto : 8 €/jour, max. 40 €. En guesthouse à Reykjavík, base chambre double (deux nuits), sanitaires à partager, petit-déjeuner inclus. Pour la formule gîte : En refuge non gardé entièrement équipé les J 3 à J 5, en dortoir . Pour la formule sous tente : Sous tente (tente 3 places, modèle Vaude Mark ultralight - 2,9 kg - ou équivalent). Nous fournissons les matelas auto-gonflants (900 g par matelas) et le matériel de cuisine (2 kg environ pour 2 personnes) : 2 verres, 2 bols, 2 assiettes, 2 couverts, allumettes/briquet, thermos, réchaud Primus, gaz 450g, popote, éponge, torchon. Sur le terrain, selon la formule choisie : — formule sous tente (Vaude Mark L trois places ou équivalent). Les douches sont possibles dans les campings aménagés, mais en général payantes (non incluses dans le prix). Matelas auto-gonflant fourni (épaisseur 25 à 30 mm) — formule gîte (hébergement collectif en sac de couchage). L'hébergement est entièrement "sous un toit" (gîtes, fermes, refuges, auberge de jeunesse, douches incluses sauf dans certains refuges). Les petits-déjeuners ne sont pas inclus. • en fermes : hébergement chez le propriétaire ou dans un bâtiment annexe, sanitaires privés ou à partager. • en auberge de jeunesse : hébergement en général collectif (dortoirs), mais parfois aussi sous forme de chambres (de deux à quatre ou parfois six personnes), sanitaires à partager. • en refuges : hébergement en général collectif (dortoirs), sanitaires à partager (certains refuges ont des douches, d'autres non). — formule guest-house : hébergement en chambre double, lits faits à votre arrivée, sanitaires communs. Les petits-déjeuners sont inclus. A noter : du fait de l’esprit des voyages Liberté (dates à votre convenance), il est impossible de pré-réserver des hébergements (nous nous occupons des réservations aériennes et terrestres une fois que vous avez choisi vos dates). Nous ne pouvons donc pas garantir un lieu d’hébergement précis, mais uniquement un secteur. C’est aussi pour cela que nous laissons “ouvert” le type d'hébergement. Le matériel de cuisine vous est fourni à votre arrivée sur place (sauf pour la formule guest-house). Réchaud à gaz avec bouteille, gamelle, casserole, poêle, couverts, éponge et torchons, liquide vaisselle, petit matériel divers, deux caisses en plastique (une pour le matériel, une pour stocker les provisions), une glacière. Les indications nécessaires (ou se ravitailler, restaurants, etc.) sont fournies sur le carnet de route. — Formule sous tente • Repas du matin et du soir : les campings offrent à proximité une cuisine (ou un abri) dans laquelle il est possible de préparer ses repas et de manger. • A midi : casse-croûte sur le terrain. — Formule gîte • Repas du matin et du soir : dans la plupart des hébergements, il est possible de préparer ses repas, en général dans une salle très bien équipée (gazinière, parfois réfrigérateur, eau courante, etc. Le réchaud fourni au départ est une sécurité, au cas où). En hôtel, il est impossible de cuisiner, d’où restaurant ou snack. — Formule guest-house (uniquement pour l'option EXTENSION FJORDS DE L’EST ET CÔTE SUD AVEC VEHICULE) • Petits déjeuners inclus. • Repas de midi et du soir : nous ne fournissons pas de matériel de cuisine car il n'est pas possible de cuisiner dans la plupart des guest-houses. Vous devrez donc parfois acheter un repas sur place ou dans le village le plus proche. La gastronomie islandaise est méconnue. Elle mêle pourtant tradition et modernité, et recèle des mets délicats à base de produits d'une grande fraîcheur. Grâce notamment à la géothermie, les Islandais produisent sous serre, et souvent sans traitement, divers légumes : concombres, tomates, poivrons, salades, pommes de terre, carottes... Le mouton, élevé en liberté, est particulièrement délicieux, tout comme les différents poissons de l'Atlantique Nord : cabillaud (thorskur), aiglefin (ýsa) ou loup de l'Atlantique (Steinbitur). Les produits laitiers locaux sont excellents : skyr (fromage blanc), surmjolk (yaourt). Vous n'hésiterez pas à goûter également les galettes de farine de seigle (flatkökur), ou encore les beignets (kleinur)... L'eau islandaise est parmi l'une des plus pures au monde. Que ce soit au robinet, dans les rivières ou dans les lacs, l'eau est en effet potable et non traitée. Concernant les plats typiques "étranges" que vous pourrez dénicher à Reykjavik, notons le thorramatur (à base d'aileron de requin, testicules de mouton, nageoire de phoque, saucisse de foie...), le hákarl (requin faisandé) ou le svið (demi-tête de mouton sans cervelle) ! Pendant le trek, vous portez vous-mêmes vos affaires. Si vous choisissez la formule camping, vous portez aussi la tente, les matelas et le matériel de cuisine. Les chemins de randonnée sont en général bien balisés, avec indication de l’itinéraire (piquets en bois à intervalles réguliers). Les sentiers sont normalement très bien tracés, à l’image des sentiers européens. Quelques passages sur laves durcies et hors sentier. — Pour les ressortissants français, belges, luxembourgeois et suisses : carte nationale d'identité ou passeport valide trois mois après la date de sortie du territoire islandais. Pour les personnes majeures de nationalité française, les cartes nationales d'identité délivrées entre le 2 janvier 2004 et le 31 décembre 2013, même si elles présentent une date périmée ont, sans modification du document, une validité de 15 ans. Dans ce cas, nous vous recommandons de télécharger à l'adresse suivante : Islande la fiche d'information multilingue expliquant ces règles et de l'emporter avec vous. Conseil : privilégiez l'utilisation d'un passeport valide à une carte d'identité portant une date de validité dépassée, même considérée comme valide. — Pour les ressortissants canadiens, veuillez consulter le site du gouvernement canadien http://voyage.gc.ca/voyager/avertissements. — Pour les autres nationalités, veuillez vous renseigner auprès des autorités consulaires d’Islande dans votre pays. Nous vous recommandons fortement d'être à jour des vaccinations classiques : diphtérie-tétanos-poliomyélite +/-coqueluche, tuberculose, fièvre typhoïde, hépatites A et B. Nous vous recommandons d'effectuer une visite de contrôle avant votre départ. Consulter notre fiche conseils de guides : la vaccination Pour plus d'info : Carte européenne d’assurance maladie Vous voyagez dans un Etat de l’Union européenne, de l’Espace économique européen (UE/EEE) ou en Suisse. Avant votre départ, procurez-vous la carte européenne d’assurance maladie (CEAM). Elle vous permettra d’attester de vos droits à l’assurance maladie et de bénéficier d’une prise en charge de vos soins médicaux, selon la législation et les formalités en vigueur dans le pays du séjour. Nominatif et individuel, le formulaire est à demander auprès de www.ameli.fr. Pour profiter pleinement de votre voyage, n’oubliez pas d’entretenir votre forme une fois par semaine en marchant (15 km environ) si possible sur un parcours avec dénivelée (250 m/h) ou en pratiquant une activité sportive (1 h à 1 h 30). — Un antalgique. — Un anti-inflammatoire (comprimés et gel). — Un antibiotique à large spectre. — Un antispasmodique, un antidiarréique, un antibiotique intestinal, un antivomitif. — Un antitussif (en comprimés). — Un désinfectant, des pansements (tailles variées) et double peau, des compresses stériles, de la bande adhésive, du Steri-strip, du tulle gras, une bande de contention. — Un antiseptique. — Un veinotonique. — De la crème solaire et de la Biafine. — Un collyre. — Un répulsif contre les moustiques. — En complément : pince à épiler, ciseaux, 2/3 épingles de nourrice, un tire-tique, une paire de gants, somnifère léger et/ou bouchons d’oreilles, vos médicaments personnels. L’ensemble de vos affaires est réparti entre un sac à dos porté pendant la marche et un sac de voyage avec cadenas transporté par l’équipe logistique sur place. — Des sous-vêtements thermiques (laine ou synthétique, coton à proscrire). — Un ensemble veste et surpantalon imperméables et respirants type Goretex. — Un collant thermique (laine ou synthétique). — Des pantalons de montagne (légers et solides, séchage rapide). — Une paire de gants imperméables et sous-gants. — Une gourde (ou gourde poche à eau, pipette). — Une vieille paire de tennis usagée usagée ou éventuellement des sandales de marche offrant une bonne adhérence, avec des chaussettes chaudes ou idéalement des chaussettes néoprène (pour la traversée à pied de gués). Nu-pieds interdits.. — Une lampe frontale (pour les départs à partir de la mi-août ou pour se lever la nuit). — Des bâtons de marche télescopiques (fort utiles pour les traversées de gués). — Un sac de couchage ; température de confort : 10 °C si vous avez choisi l’option “hébergement en refuge” ; – 5 °C/– 10 °C si vous avez choisi l’option “sous tente”. — Un drap-sac. —Avec le transport des bagages : • Un sac à dos équipé de bretelles larges et d'une armature anatomique réglable, d'une contenance de 30 à 40 litres, pour vos affaires de la journée, ainsi qu'une housse de protection anti-pluie. • Un sac de voyage de 80 à 100 litres, souple, transporté la journée par véhicule. —Sans le transport des bagages : Un sac à dos équipé de bretelles larges et d'une armature anatomique réglable, d'une contenance de 50 à 75 litres, pour l'ensemble de vos affaires personnelles et la nourriture, ainsi qu'une housse de protection anti-pluie — Un maillot de bain pour les sources chaudes. — Une trousse de toilette et une serviette de bain (microfibres). — Du papier-toilette. — Quelques sachets en plastique pour protéger vos affaires. — Une pochette antivol, à garder toujours sur soi avec vos papiers d’identité, argent, attestations d’assurance, d’assistance. —Protections auditives (très utiles pour dormir en refuge !). Pendant le vol, le sac à dos contient les choses fragiles ou utiles pendant votre voyage en avion (appareil photos, veste, livres, revues, médicaments personnels avec ordonnance, etc.). Nous vous conseillons également d’avoir aux pieds vos chaussures de marche et de prendre avec vous quelques affaires de première nécessité (dans l’éventualité d’un retard dans la livraison des bagages par les compagnies aériennes) : veste chaude en polaire, pantalon de marche et ensemble veste et surpantalon imperméables. Prenez contact avec nous : — sur notre site internet www.allibert-trekking.com, où vous pouvez demander un devis en ligne ; — par mail : liberte@allibert-trekking.com ; — par téléphone à notre agence de Chapareillan, auprès de l’équipe de conseillers en voyage spécialistes des circuits en liberté : 04 76 45 55 55. Nos conseillers en voyage se feront un plaisir : — de répondre à toutes vos questions ; — d’établir un devis en fonction de vos souhaits. Confirmez votre inscription Vous avez défini votre projet de voyage à l’aide de ce document et du devis reçu. Vous nous avez transmis la liste des noms et prénoms des participants. ll suffit de compléter le formulaire d’inscription numérique que nous vous avons fait parvenir afin de vous faciliter votre inscription, les réservations seront faites dès réception de votre inscription. Par la suite, nous vous confirmerons la disponibilité de votre séjour aux dates souhaitées. Frais d’inscription par participant : 18 € ; offerts aux membres du Club Caravane. Votre règlement Le solde doit être réglé à un mois du départ. Vous avez la possibilité de régler en ligne sur votre espace MyAllibert. Votre dossier de voyage Une fois votre voyage soldé, votre dossier de voyage complet vous sera adressé par courrier à l’adresse indiquée lors de votre inscription. A votre demande, nous pouvons vous faire parvenir les traces GPS de vos randonnées sur votre espace MyAllibert. Si vous avez choisi un vol affrété avec Allibert, la convocation aérienne vous sera envoyée séparément, environ huit jours avant le départ. Vous avez la possibilité de réserver des prestations supplémentaires. Excursion à la journée le Cercle d'Or (Geysir, Gullfoss, Þingvellir) et Fontana Spa : 145 € Excursion Blue Lagoon : 160 € Excursion depuis Reykjavik marche sur glacier : de 190 à 200 € Randonnée équestre depuis Reykjavik : 90 € Snorkeling à Silfra : 220 € Gîte - Sans transport des bagages Guesthouse : de 60 à 170 € (selon la saison et/ou prestation choisie) Chambre double (lit double), individuelle, triple, twin (lits jumeaux) Tente - Sans transport des bagages Alpinisme Canyoning Croisière Découverte Multiactivités Rando-kayak Randonnée Randonnée d'altitude Randonnée du vertige Raquette Ski de randonnée Ski hors piste Ski nordique Trail Traîneau à chiens Trekking Trekking-alpinisme Vélo Alpinisme Canyoning Croisière Découverte Multiactivités Rando-kayak Randonnée Randonnée d'altitude Randonnée du vertige Raquette Ski de randonnée Ski hors piste Ski nordique Trail Traîneau à chiens Trekking Trekking-alpinisme Vélo Appli Mon Roadbook Autotour Safari Bon plan Confort Essentiel Voyage d'exception Expé Nouveau Sommet Reco Appli Mon Roadbook Autotour Safari Bon plan Confort Essentiel Voyage d'exception Expé Nouveau Sommet Reco

2019-43/0000/fr_middle.json.gz/4468

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McDonald could be next Trey Biddy HawgSports.comArkansas picked up a surprise commitment from Harrison (Ark.) tight end Austin Tate last week, but don't be surprised if Corning (Ark.) offensive lineman Jake McDonald is next.McDonald, 6-foot-3, 280 pounds, 5.1 seconds in the 40-yard dash, is regarded as one of the state's top 10 prospects by HawgSports.com. He is an aggressive lineman with a great motor who never seems to stop looking for someone to block. Come inside for more. ...More... To continue reading this article you must be a member. Sign Up Now!

2015-48/0000/en_head.json.gz/1939

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Fiscal impasse threatens engineering jobs at EB Jennifer McDermott Falls Church, Va. — Engineers at Electric Boat will be laid off if Congress does not pass a budget this year, Rear Adm. David C. Johnson said Thursday.Johnson, the program executive officer for submarines, said the engineering and design work at EB for a new class of ballistic-missile submarines is supposed to "ramp up" in 2014, but the continuing resolution Congress passed instead of a new federal budget keeps government spending at current levels. Congress also has not ended the automatic budget cuts known as sequestration.If Congress passes a continuing resolution for the full year, Johnson said, the Ohio-class replacement program would receive only about half the funding needed, which would result in layoffs at EB and a delay of two years or more in delivering the first submarine.If sequestration continues, $153 million will be cut from the program, which likely would cause a one-year delay and could stop EB from hiring more engineers, he said.Johnson spoke at the Naval Submarine League's 31st annual symposium Thursday. He said after his address that the Navy needs more than $1.08 billion in 2014 to keep the work on track, so the lead ship can be delivered in 2021.The program also has to be protected from continuing resolutions and sequestration for the next seven years, he added. Johnson said he believes the chances of that happening are "pretty good," but it will be "a year-by-year fight, every year."The Navy could reallocate some of its research and development funding for the ballistic-missile submarines, but Johnson said that could be difficult.EB has issued layoff notices to more than 200 workers in the trades since July after the loss of two major repair contracts. The company told the union that represents designers that there will be some staffing adjustments as major design projects finish. Three hundred designers could lose their jobs.Johnson said he has never seen such a "persistently unstable budget environment." He said the Navy is also facing a cut of more than $700 million in the Virginia-class program and has reduced funding for modernization, and "on and on." He said he worries submarines will be delivered to the Navy late and over budget, like they were in "the old days."The USS Ohio was delivered to the Navy 30 months late in 1981 and 64 percent over budget; the USS Seawolf was delivered 26 months late in 1996 and 80 percent over budget; and the USS Virginia was delivered three months late in 2004 and 31 percent over budget, Johnson said.The Ohio-class replacement "must be on cost and on time," he said. He said the Navy and EB are working together to reduce the average cost of each submarine by $700 million in fiscal 2010 dollars, in part by leveraging many of the advancements from Virginia-class submarines.The nearly $2 billion research and development contract the Navy awarded EB also offers incentives for meeting affordability targets. The target cost for the lead ship is $6.8 billion in 2010 dollars and an average of $4.9 billion each for ships two through 12."We have a standard. We deliver what we say we're going to deliver, when we say we're going to deliver it, for what we said it would cost," Johnson said. "That is getting pretty tough."j.mcdermott@theday.com Submarine force leaders: Expect a fight each year Layoffs of EB carpenters delayed Electric Boat revises layoff estimates Blumenthal explores ‘ripple effect’ in Norwich of Electric Boat layoffs Electric Boat to lay off nearly 500 employees Submarine builder forecasts hirings, stability

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Due to the bushfires, Australia has faced the tragic loss of houses, the life of human and animal life. However, another real danger to Australia’s […] Siemens goes ahead with controversial Australia coal project Siemens’ declares that it will continue to act on Adani’s mine, as confirmed by the Australian Conservation Foundation. The corporate has shown its true colours […] Australia Bushfire crews battle mega blaze near snowy mountains It had been dreaded for days that fire would roll over the New South Wales-Victoria border in the Snowy Mountains. Estimates are for more hot, […] Australia publishes final rules for Industrial Chemicals Act The act is carried out in order to prioritize the chemical evaluation. Australia’s national chemical agency Nicnas has laid final general and traditional rules for […] Australia Fires: Thousands of camels being slaughtered It is believed that there are more than 1 million camels in Australia and the camel population is growing rapidly in Australia. Camels are not […] Australia plans to commercialise VSPC’s lithium-Ferro-phosphate cathode material in China by 2020. For the same, VSPC has inked a memorandum of understanding with a China-based […] Irish energy developer DP Energy has amalgamated with Spanish energy company Iberdrola to deliver 320 MW hybrid wind and solar project in South Australia at […] Australia is that the world’s largest bourgeois of coal and has double the coal exports and additionally drive down the globe value of coal, along […] Australia has become the world’s largest exporter for liquefied natural gas (LNG) on a yearly basis. Being an international exporter, Australia recorded exports of approximately […] Australia has planned and can be a leader in advanced manufacturing. But it lacks the planning. This can affect them and they might lose the […] Social responsibility a ‘top priority’ for millennial investors

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Ciccarone v. United States decided: October 18, 1973. FRANK R. CICCARONE, PLAINTIFF-APPELLANT, UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, DEFENDANT-APPELLEE D.C. Civil Action No. 43688 APPEAL FROM THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE EASTERN DISTRICT OF PENNSYLVANIA. McLaughlin, Van Dusen and Rosenn, Circuit Judges. Rosenn, Circuit Judge, Concurring. Author: Mclaughlin McLAUGHLIN, Circuit Judge. This is an appeal from a judgment of the district court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania denying plaintiff's claim for relief under the Federal Tort Claims Act 28 U.S.C. §§ 1346(b), 2401(b) and 2671-2680 for alleged medical malpractice on the part of certain physicians employed by the United States of America at the Veterans Administration Hospital, Coatesville, Pennsylvania (V.A. Hospital). The facts which are pertinent to this appeal are as follows. In September of 1945, plaintiff-appellant (appellant) was on active duty with the United States Army. On one occasion during this time while appellant was travelling in an army jeep, an accident occurred and he was thrown from the vehicle. Shortly thereafter, he developed a case of acute meningitis which resulted in his hospitalization until December 8, 1945. In 1956, 1961 and 1962 he was confined as an inpatient for approximately thirty days in non-governmental hospitals for recurrent bacterial meningitis. On May 8, 1963, he was admitted to the above mentioned V.A. Hospital for observation and evaluation. The purpose of that hospital stay was to determine possible causes of the recurrence of meningitis and to develop a course of treatment which might have prevented such recurrences. Following appellant's temporary discharge from the V.A. Hospital on June 28, 1963, a V.A. Hospital staff neurologist prepared an elaborate and detailed written plan which purported to ascertain the causes of the meningitis attacks. In view of the fact that appellant had suffered numerous attacks of sinusitis, the neurologist deemed it essential to explore the possibility that bacteria was being transmitted from the sinuses to the area where meningitis is found by way of a cerebro-spinal fluid leak. In order to make such a determination, the neurologist's plan suggested a three-phase diagnostic procedure: (1) the appellant's nose was to be packed with surgical gauze; (2) a methylene blue dye was to be injected into his spinal column; and (3) if the blue dye were subsequently to appear on the gauze, it would have indicated the existence of a passage through which bacteria was entering the spinal column and corrective surgery would then be used in order to block the passage. The plan was submitted to and approved by the V.A. Hospital's Chief of Staff. On July 14, 1963, the proposed plan of treatment was explained to appellant and his wife and they consented to have the procedure performed although they did not execute any formal written authorization. On the morning of July 16, 1963, the diagnostic procedure was carried out in accordance with the approved plan. Appellant rested on the operating table for a short period of time following the completion of the procedure. He then was helped off the operating table, stepped on to the floor, reached for his shoes, fell and struck the bridge of his nose on the floor causing bleeding and a mild fracture of the left nasal bone. At approximately 4:00 P.M. on July 16, 1963, appellant complained of a back pain at the site of the injection of the methylene blue dye and numbness of his legs. He also stated that he was unable to walk because of the severity of the pain. The next day, appellant was unable to walk or stand. He had a feeling of "heaviness" and a burning sensation throughout the lower portions of his body. His lower extremities were flaccid and he could not raise either foot. His condition persisted until September 15, 1963 at which time some improvement was noticed. Thereafter, on November 1, 1963, he was discharged from the V.A. Hospital and he was advised to continue physical therapy at home. Following appellant's discharge from the V.A. Hospital on November 1, 1963, he sporadically visited its outpatient department for treatment. Between November 1, 1963 and July 8, 1965, he also consulted several government and non-government physicians concerning his condition. On July 7, 1965, appellant informed the V.A. Hospital neurologist then assigned to his case that he was dissatisfied with the methylene blue dye procedure performed on him and that the procedure had caused a drastic change in his physical condition. Although the neurologist assured appellant that the methylene blue dye method was an accepted diagnostic procedure which had been performed for many years, the neurologist never claimed that appellant would recover completely. On September 29, 1967, appellant filed suit. A nonjury trial was held to determine the issue of liability. The trial court held, inter alia, that (1) the Federal Tort Claims Act, 28 U.S.C. § 2401(b) which provides for a two year period of limitations barred appellant's claim for relief because of his failure to institute his cause of action within the statutory period and that any circumstances which occurred after July 16, 1963 were plainly insufficient to justify the tolling of the statute of limitations; and (2) there was no malpractice or negligence on the part of the United States acting through its agents, servants and employees at the V.A. Hospital. The threshold question presented for review by this court is whether the limitation of actions provision of the Federal Tort Claims Act barred recovery for alleged medical malpractice by the agents, servants or employees of the United States at the V.A. Hospital. Section 2401(b) of the Federal Tort Claims Act provides that "a tort claim against the United States shall be forever barred unless it is presented to the appropriate Federal agency within two years after such claim accrues * * *." The allegedly negligent act of the United States occurred on July 16, 1963 when methylene blue dye was injected into appellant's spinal column. His suit was commenced on September 29, 1967, more than four years after the date of his alleged injury. In a cause of action founded on alleged medical malpractice, it is incumbent on the trier of fact to determine the point in time when the "claim accrues". In making such a determination, principles of federal law, not state law, are to be applied. Mendiola v. United States, 401 F.2d 695 (5th Cir. 1968); Kossick v. United States, 330 F.2d 933 (2d Cir. 1964); Hungerford v. United States, 307 F.2d 99 (9th Cir. 1962). The two year statute of limitations begins to run when a trauma coincides with the negligent act and some damage is discernible at the time, even though the ultimate damage is unknown or unpredictable. Beech v. United States, 345 F.2d 872 (5th Cir. 1965); Keleket X-ray Corporation v. United States, 107 U.S. App. D.C. 138, 275 F.2d 167 (1960); Tinkoff v. United States, 211 F.2d 890 (7th Cir. 1954). Damages are discernible when the claimant discovers, "or in the exercise of reasonable diligence should have discovered, the acts constituting the alleged malpractice. " Quinton v. United States, 304 F.2d 234, 236 (5th Cir. 1962). However, there are instances where the statute will be tolled. For example, in Urie v. Thompson, 337 U.S. 163, 170, 93 L. Ed. 1282, 69 S. Ct. 1018 (1963), it was held that "blameless ignorance" on the part of the claimant would justify the tolling of the statute.*fn1 And it has been held that as long as the physicianpatient relationship continues, the statute will be tolled. Ashley v. United States, 413 F.2d 490 (9th Cir. 1969); Brown v. United States, 353 F.2d 578 (9th Cir. 1965). The rationale for this latter proposition is that the claimant is entitled to place trust and confidence in his physician and that this relationship excuses the claimant from challenging the quality of care he is receiving from his physician until this confidential relationship terminates. Brown v. United States, supra at 580. The trial court found that appellant was aware of the deterioration in his health immediately following the methylene blue dye procedure. It also found that he had discussed the procedure and its after-effects with competent legal counsel at some point during the two years following July 16, 1963. These findings, coupled with the fact that appellant's medical history clearly demonstrates that he was not unskilled in matters of ill-health and their effects on his physical condition, substantiate the trial ...

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Appuntamento per una vendetta 1969, Romantico Appuntamento per una vendetta (1969) Romantico, Western Robert Mitchum, Angie Dickinson Ben Kane accetta di lavorare come sceriffo in una cittadina del vecchio West chiamata Lords. Il motivo per cui Kane, che non è un uomo di legge, ha accettato la stella da sceriffo è un vecchio conto da regolare con il capo della città. A dargli man forte ci saranno una bella ballerina e un giovane pistolero dal grilletto facile chiamato Billy.

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18-year-old admits killing brothers 2 Putnam County teens were shot as they slept, Fay tells court By Mark Reiter Oct. 16, 2013 | Updated 12:32 a. m. Michael Fay in Putnam County Court pleads guilty on Tuesday to the deaths of Blake and Blaine Romes. He told police they argued over his older brother’s plan to move back into the home. Fay could get a chance to seek parole after 60 years in prison. Michael Fay, with his attorney Wiiliam Kluge, reads the terms of his guilty plea on Tuesday in the Putnam County Courthouse. Michelle Grothause, mother of the victims, listens as Michael Fay pleads guilty to the murders of her sons Blake and Blaine Romes. OTTAWA, Ohio — An argument with Blake and Blaine Romes so angered Michael Aaron Fay that he drove 25 miles to fetch a handgun from storage, then returned to their Ottawa home, where he shot both teenagers as they slept, an assistant prosecutor said. Three weeks before his scheduled trial, Fay, 18, admitted Tuesday to Putnam County Common Pleas Judge Randall Basinger that he killed Blaine, 14, and Blake, 17, on May 9 after they argued about Fay’s older brother moving back into the home. Fay, who was 17 when he committed the crimes, pleaded guilty to two counts of aggravated murder. In exchange, prosecutors said they will dismiss two counts of abuse of a corpse and single counts of tampering with evidence and motor vehicle theft. Judge Basinger accepted his pleas and ordered a presentence investigation. Fay, held in lieu of $5 million bond at the Wood County Juvenile Detention Center since his arrest, could be sentenced to prison for life without possibility of parole. But Todd Schroeder, the assistant county prosecutor, said that as part of the plea deal, he will recommend a sentence that would allow Fay to go before the parole board after serving 60 years. Because he was a juvenile when he killed the teens, Fay was not eligible to face the death penalty for the murders. Blaine was shot once in the head while he slept on a couch. His brother died after he was strangled, assaulted, and shot in the head while he slept in a bedroom of the home. Mr. Schroeder told the court that Fay and the Romeses exchanged words in the late hours of May 8 while Fay’s mother, Victoria Fay, and the victims’ mother, Michelle Grothause, were working. Fay remained angry after the brothers fell asleep, Mr. Schroeder said, and shortly after midnight he left the Elkcrest Trailer Court and drove Ms. Grothause’s vehicle to Lima, Ohio, where he visited a Taco Bell and the storage facility where Ms. Fay stored a 22-caliber handgun. He then returned to the trailer. “He continued to be angry over the argument that occurred hours before. The defendant sat at the residence with the firearm in his hands and had made the decision to use it. At approximately 2:18 in the morning, as a train passed by, the defendant used that opportunity to use that firearm. When the train whistle blew, the defendant fired a single shot into the head of Blaine Romes,” Mr. Schroeder said. Mr. Schroeder said Fay then went to the bedroom. There he assaulted and strangled Blake and shot him in the head. He said the crimes were committed with calculation and design. Ms. Grothause wept as Mr. Schroeder recounted the events that Fay gave to police in a confession after he was arrested later that day in Columbus. Investigators said Fay carried both teens from the home. He hid Blake’s body in a crawl space under the trailer, and used the victims’ mother’s vehicle to transport Blaine’s body to a ditch near Putnam County Road 7 just east of Ottawa. Responding to a call on an Amber Alert issued for all three teens, Columbus police took Fay into custody at a gas station. Investigators said he initially lied about what happened to the Romes boys, but eventually admitted to killing them and gave information leading police to the bodies. Mr. Schroeder said in an interview that Fay and his older brother moved into the home with Ms. Grothause and her sons in April, and the older Fay decided to move out several days before the murders. “There was disagreement about whether or not he should come back to the residence,” he said. Mr. Schroeder said he talked to Ms. Grothause about the plea agreement reached with Fay and his attorney, William Kluge, and said that she will give a statement at sentencing that would explain her feelings. He said that if Judge Basinger accepts the sentence recommendation, Fay will be 78 before he may request release from prison. “I thought that the higher sentence was appropriate, given the nature of the offenses. At the end of the day, Mr. Fay pleaded guilty to causing the deaths of two teenage boys who had a lot of promise ahead of them. They were well liked. They did well in school,” he said. “Consecutive sentences are needed to adequately address what occurred in this case.” Contact Mark Reiter at: markreiter@theblade.com or 419-724-6199. ,murder ,Blaine Romes ,Blake Romes ,Michael Fay ,killing

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Critter Tales You are here: Resources > Young Bucks Outdoors > Critter Tales The smallest falcon has its own superpower Photo: The American Kestrel—a small, fierce raptor. The American Kestrel is the smallest falcon in North America, but it was once misidentified as a sparrow hawk. Similar in size to a mourning dove, at nine inches in length, with a 22-inch wingspan, and weighing 4.1 ounces, this fierce little raptor has its own superpower—it can see ultraviolet light. Is that really a superpower? Yes, indeed. It’s a perching bird superpower. Being able to see electromagnetic radiation, or ultraviolet light, allows the kestrel to follow urine trails on the ground left by voles, one of its common prey animals. It’s a lot like being able to see a road lit by neon lights leading the way in the dark to a diner and the falcon’s next meal. This small, fierce and intense predator is also one of the most colorful of all raptors. The male has a slate-blue head and wings with a rusty-red back and tail. Females are a bit larger and have the same reddish color on wings, back and tail. American Kestrels dine on grasshoppers, cicadas, beetles and dragonflies, scorpions and spiders, butterflies and moths, as well as voles, mice, shrews, bats and small songbirds. They also eat small snakes, lizards and frogs, and are feisty enough to take larger prey, such as squirrels and flickers. Often, they become prey, as well. Despite their ferocious nature, Northern Goshawks, Red-Tailed Hawks, Barn Owls, American Crows, Cooper’s Hawks, and rat and corn snakes hunt them. For beginning students of falconry, the American Kestrel is often the first choice for a hunting falcon. Although they are not as strong in flight as larger falcons, many Kestrels successfully hunt sparrows and starlings as well as birds nearly twice their weight. Chances are you can find an American Kestrel nearby. Look for them near semi-open grasslands and agricultural fields, in brushy areas near open woodlands and urban areas. They frequently perch on utility lines and poles. They are cavity nesters, and prefer natural holes and tree crevices. Female and male American Kestrels tend to use different habitats, with females preferring open habitat, while males use areas with more trees. There are 17 species of kestrels, and these little but mighty falcons can be found from the North American boreal forests of Canada to Tierra del Fuego, the southern-most point of South America. Some, but not all kestrels, are migratory. Kestrels from the northern areas are more migratory than those whose breeding range is farther south, where many populations like to stay put. In America, kestrels are common on both sides of the Continental Divide. The smallest falcon is also short-lived. Average life-expectancy in the wild is about 15 months, although the oldest American Kestrel found was a male, aged 14 years and 8 months when he was found in 2001 in Utah, where he was first banded in 1987. Banding studies in Colorado also have shown many kestrels are shot, which is illegal; raptors are federally protected. In some western areas, residents are encouraged to help preserve kestrels by building nesting boxes for their use. In Nebraska, the Game and Parks Commission has placed an American Kestrel nest box on the north side of its headquarters building in Lincoln. A video feed allows the public to watch as the resident pair lays and hatches their eggs each year. To learn more about the American Kestrel, click here. Resources: Nebraska Game and Parks, Utah Department of Natural Resources, Kansas Wildlife, Parks & Tourism, North Dakota Game and Fish Department, Colorado Parks and Wildlife, USFWS.

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sábado, 1 de septiembre de 2012 LVO Suplemento Tucumano N°1 VUELVE LA GRIPE "A"...VUELVEN LAS MENTIRAS DEL GOBIERNO Por Constanza Agrupación Marrón Clasista Después de días de intentar ocultarlo, el Ministerio de Salud de la provincia tuvo que reconocer que estamos ante un nuevo brote de Gripe A. Nuevamente la epidemia deja al descubierto la verdadera cara del sistema de salud, un sistema desguazado por décadas de políticas privatizadoras que no se revirtió durante el gobierno kirchnerista. En los 8 años de crecimiento económico el gobierno no cambio la estructura del sistema de salud, donde un puñado de laboratorios multinacionales y empresarios de la salud siguen embolsando cuantiosas ganancias a costa de la explotación de las trabajadoras y trabajadores de la salud, la enfermedad y la muerte de los pacientes que también son trabajadores y del pueblo pobre. Los hospitales en Tucumán no dan abasto a las necesidades de la población. Ante este nuevo brote las deficiencias en el sistema siguen siendo las mismas que en el 2009; la falta de presupuesto que se traduce en hospitales colapsados, falta de insumos y personal, y cientos de trabajadores de la salud precarizados. Deficiencias que no solo ponen en riesgo la vida de los pacientes sino de los trabajadores, como el caso de Norma Aquino y Deborah Molina enfermeras del hospital de niño que murieron por gripe A en el 2009. Las direcciones de los hospitales esconden esta realidad a fin de rendir pleitesía al Ministerio de Salud. Así la única respuesta es “no hay plata”. No hay barbijos o los que hay son insuficientes, de a poco van restringiendo los reemplazos y por lo tanto el personal. Como los trabajadores de la salud sabemos, no hay peor mezcla que la de epidemia con ahogo presupuestario. Los trabajadores del Hospital del Centro de salud nos venimos reuniendo en asamblea y debatiendo como organizarnos para dar la lucha por mayor presupuesto, por mejores condiciones laborales y para acabar con la precarización laboral en la salud. Es hora que las direcciones del SITAS y ATSA se pongan a la cabeza y no esperar a que ocurra una tragedia para tomar cartas en el asunto. Es el momento de que los trabajadores de la salud retomemos las banderas de lucha contra la precarización y peleemos por el pase a planta de reemplazantes, contratados y tercerizados, junto con mayor presupuesto para infraestructura, insumos y más personal para enfrentar las epidemias como la de la gripe A. POLICÍA DE TUCUMAN: "USTED TIENE CARA DE ESTAR ROBANDO..." Por Graciela Zurita "Usted tiene cara de que anda robando", esto fue lo que le dijeron los policías a Viviana Alderete y tras esto la trabajadora ambulante de 33 años y madre de 4 hijos, fue detenida por la policía y fue sometida a maltratos, acoso sexual y torturas hasta dejarla inconsciente. Pero este no es un caso aislado, es uno más de los cientos de casos que muestran que la institución policial es una de las variantes de la violencia que se ejerce desde el Estado través de sus instituciones y leyes contra el pueblo trabajador, y en particular contra las mujeres. Esto no nos sorprende en una provincia que tras 29 años de vuelta a la "democracia" más del 95 % de genocidas continúan libres, donde un genocida como Bussi, que tuvo injerencia directa en el armado del plan sistemático de detención y desaparición de más de 3 mil trabajadores y estudiantes descansó tranquilo hasta sus últimos días en un country. Esto se explica por la permanencia en todas las estructuras el Estado de funcionarios de la dictadura, la misma casa de gobierno está llena de asesores que cumplieron funciones durante ese período como el vocal de la corte suprema, Reneè Goane. La continuidad de la impunidad también se da en las filas policiales, gran parte de la actual cúpula policial es especialista en la violación sistemática de los derechos humanos. Quienes no fueron parte de las fuerzas policiales durante la última dictadura, fueron formados por los represores, como el Malevo Ferreyra quien no solamente fue un torturador y asesino, sino también uno de los primeros organizadores de la mafia policial. Esta misma policía, es la que esta implicada en las redes de trata, el juego, las drogas y la encargada de reprimir a los trabajadores y luchadores, como se mostró en el desalojo a los autoconvocados de los hospitales y de villa 9 de julio. La misma cana asesina del gatillo fácil que asesina a los pibes en los barrios pobres, como el caso de Ismael Lucena asesinado por la policía en Las Talitas. El estado pone a disposición toda una artillería de medidas y fuerzas represivas para aplicar contra los barrios populares y ninguna medida para terminar con la miseria, el hambre y la desocupación. No tan solo se reforzó la policía, sino la gendarmería con el llamado Operativo Escudo Norte lanzado por el Ministerio de Seguridad de Nilda Garré para reforzar la "seguridad" del norte de país con más de 3000 gendarmes. El mismo ministerio que lleva adelante el Proyecto X, con el cual espía y arman causas a los delegados combativos, estudiantes y todo aquel que sale a luchar. Planes llevados a cabo no tan solo por Alperovich sino por sus pares kirchneristas en el NOA, quienes ya dieron las primeras muestras de lo que le espera a los trabajadores y el pueblo pobre ante la crisis que se avecina, partiendo desde la represión que se cobró tres vidas en Ledesma hasta la dura represión que sufrieron los trabajadores del Tabacal en la Salta de Urtubey. Ante la profundización de la crisis económica mundial, el gobierno Nacional y provincial se montan en los hechos de violencia social, en la estigmatización y criminalización de la pobreza para legitimar la militarización de las barriadas obreras y populares y, de esta manera, dejar allanado el camino para usar a la policía y la gendarmería en la represión de las luchas que protagonice la clase trabajadora. Desde de Pan y Rosas y el PTS, consideramos que la única salida real para estos problemas es la disolución de las fuerzas represivas. No podemos sostener que la solución a los problemas de inseguridad se resuelven de mano de la policía ni de la gendarmería, los encargados de reprimir al pueblo pobre y trabajador. En ese sentido damos la lucha en cada lugar de trabajo, en cada escuela , en cada universidad por el desmantelamiento de la policía y todo el aparato represivo. Llamamos las mujeres y a la juventud trabajadora y estudiantil a organizarnos de forma independiente del gobierno para luchar por el castigo inmediato de los torturadores de Viviana, para acabar con el gatillo fácil y las redes de trata ,y el desmantelamiento del aparato represivo. CONTINÚA LA LUCHA POR TIERRA Y VIVIENDA EN TUCUMÁN Por Emiliano Trodler En los últimos años la emergencia de las familias “sin techo” que han decidido pasar a la acción directa mediante la ocupación de tierras en reclamo de una vivienda digna, ha puesto en evidencia los límites de un “modelo K” que, tras 8 años de crecimiento económico ininterrumpidos, no ha logrado cambiar sustancialmente las condiciones de vida del pueblo trabajador. Efectivamente se han incorporado 3 millones de nuevos trabajadores, pero lo han hecho en calidad de trabajadores pobres, en negro, tercerizados, o contratados. Esa enorme fuerza de trabajo ha sido la fuente de las ganancias que los empresarios se llevaron “en pala” (cristina dixit) durante todos estos años. Es por eso que entre las familias “sin techo” no sólo hay trabajadores desocupados, sino también trabajadores de la construcción, de servicio doméstico, e incluso de grandes industrias, como los ingenios y las citrícolas. El déficit habitacional se extiende a lo largo de todo el país con un 25% de los hogares que sufren carencias habitacionales. Esto es, aproximadamente unos 3,1 millones de hogares en condiciones precarias. En el norte argentino, el déficit habitacional oscila entre el 35% y el 50% de las viviendas. Estos números contrastan fuertemente con los 6,5 puntos de pobreza que registra el IndeK. Las políticas del gobierno K hasta el momento han oscilado entre la represión abierta (Parque Indoamericano en 2010 con cuatro muertos; Ledesma con 2011 con tres muertos; Villa 9 de Julio con una brutal represión por parte del gobierno de Alperovich; Ingenio San Juan en 2012 desalojo policial) y una política de desgaste, combinada con un tímido “plan de viviendas” que desde 2001 no ha logrado reducir más que en un 5% el déficit. En nuestra provincia, desde la toma de los terrenos lindantes al Ingenio Concepción en Alderetes por parte de más de 2000 familias, se ha producido una oleada de tomas de tierras y hoy se calcula que más de 10 mil personas se encuentran o se han volcado a la ocupación de terrenos inactivos. En total son cerca de 100 mil familias las que necesitan una vivienda, mientras que el plan de obras del gobierno provincial no llega a las 1000 viviendas por año. Es decir, que habría que esperar 100 años más de crecimiento para cubrir las necesidades de hoy. Pero la construcción de viviendas no han dejado de ser una enorme fuente de negocios para las empresas del gobernador, sus familiares, y amigos, y una fuente de corrupción y sobreprecios como está saliendo a la luz a partir de las denuncias sobre la Dirección de Arquitectura y Urbanismo. Al mismo tiempo, se ha dado durante estos años un boom en la especulación inmobiliaria para la construcción de torres y viviendas de lujo que no hizo más que encarecer el precio de los terrenos y los alquileres en general. Por otro lado, los planes de vivienda del FONAVI implican una serie de restricciones que lo hace directamente inaccesibles para la mayoría: hay que tener recibo de sueldo en blanco, con un mínimo salarial de $ 2300. Es decir que el 60% de los asalariados en Tucumán quedarían afuera de estos planes. El problema no es la escasez de fondos: con la fuga de capitales de 2011 para el pago de la deuda externa y remesa de utilidades de las grandes empresas se podrían construir 2 millones de viviendas, y en un año y medio terminar con el déficit habitacional en todo el país. Sin embargo, la resolución del problema de la vivienda para el pueblo trabajador choca con los intereses del capital financiero, los grandes empresarios y terratenientes que concentran la tierra, y con los gobiernos nacional y provinciales que sostienen un “modelo K” de precarización laboral, y cuyos años de “bonanza” ya están llegando a su fin. POR UNA SALIDA INDEPENDIENTE DE LOS TRABAJADORES Y EL PUEBLO Desde el primer día la Juventud del PTS junto a estudiantes de la Universidad que participan del Observatorio Social de la clase obrera, se hizo presente en la toma de Alderetes. Casi al mismo tiempo que las familias “sin techo” ocuparan los terrenos, en el Ingenio Concepción se producía la explosión de una cañería que provocaría severas quemaduras a 7 trabajadores y la muerte de uno de ellos. La indignación de las familias para con la empresa asesina era tan grande como el sentimiento de solidaridad con los trabajadores del Ingenio. Ese sentimiento no era otra cosa que “instinto de clase”: la solidaridad entre las familias “sin techo” y los trabajadores del Ingenio, el odio hacia el enemigo común, aun en este nivel tan elemental, mostraban para nosotros una alianza social en potencia que de desarrollarse podría constituirse en una fuerza verdaderamente poderosa. Desde un primer momento apoyamos la ocupación de tierras por parte de las familias “sin techo” y ante las reiteradas amenazas de desalojo por parte de la policía de Alperovich llamamos a la más amplia solidaridad. Pero creemos que la lucha por la tierra y vivienda para el pueblo trabajador debe ser tomada en sus manos por el movimiento obrero, y para ello es necesario construir agrupaciones clasistas, conquistar comisiones internas combativas y solidarias con las luchas del pueblo trabajador, preparando el camino para luchar por sindicatos sin burócratas, al servicio de los trabajadores y el pueblo pobre. De esta manera la potencia de la clase obrera organizada podrá hacerse sentir paralizando la provincia para luchar contra la explotación patronal y en apoyo a las luchas del pueblo pobre. En esa alianza social, el movimiento estudiantil, sus 60 mil estudiantes universitarios, también puede constituir un enorme factor de peso como aliado en estas luchas y por eso impulsamos el Observatorio Social como parte de una batalla por recuperar las mejores tradiciones históricas de unidad obrero-estudiantil. Finalmente la resolución del cuestión de la vivienda y la tierra, la precarización, y los grandes problemas estructurales que afectan a la mayoría del pueblo trabajador, exige la puesta en pie un Partido de Trabajadores sin patrones que pelee por un gobierno obrero y popular, para expropiar a los grandes capitalistas y terratenientes, y por la reorganización de la economía nacional de acuerdo a las necesidades del pueblo trabajador y no de las ganancias de un puñado de empresarios. ASAMBLEAS EN FILOSOFÍA Y LETRAS: DERROTEMOS LAS MANIOBRAS DE NUEVA LINEA Y LA FRANJA Por Alejandra Arreguez A pesar del doble discurso K, durante los últimos años de crecimiento económico la educación pública se ha visto cada vez más deteriorada. Siguiendo con los principios de la menemista LES, las Universidades han profundizado su servilismo con los grandes empresarios y las autoridades han llevado adelante todas las medidas necesarias para garantizar la elitización. En la UNT, mediante exámenes de ingreso, aranceles, apuntes carísimos, etc. han logrado expulsar a los sectores más castigados de la sociedad. En la Facultad de Filosofía, la correa de transmisión de estas políticas son las agrupaciones del P J (Nueva Linea) y la UCR (Franja Morada). Por eso, en la Asamblea General del 23/8 propusieron dejar de lado la lucha por un Comedor Universitario y licitar ½ gestión de un bar en la Facultad. Pero las ansias de impedir que la realidad se meta entre las paredes de la UNT fueron más allá y bajo el reaccionario discurso de la inseguridad que criminaliza la pobreza, estas agrupaciones propusieron exigir más policías, que patrullen los pasillos persiguiendo a los que “no se visten como nosotros”. Desde la Juventud del PTS damos la lucha para que las Universidades se pongan al servicio de las necesidades de la inmensa mayoría explotada y oprimida, para que la UNT abra sus puertas a los hijos de los desempleados, los sin techo, cosecheros, temporarios, del conjunto de los trabajadores y el pueblo pobre. Peleamos para que el movimiento estudiantil construya fuertes lazos de solidaridad con los sectores más castigados y por eso votamos a favor de una gran campaña en solidaridad con las 1500 familias que están tomando tierras en Alderetes, votamos por un plan de lucha para conquistar un Comedor Universitario con presupuesto del estado, menú económico y becas para todos los que las necesiten. En contra de los que equiparan “policía=seguridad” y pretenden llenar de milicos la facultad, nosotros denunciamos claramente que la policía que nos quieren meter es la misma que torturó y mata a los pobres como pasó con Viviana Alderete, y el asesinato del joven Ismael Lucena, la que reprime a los trabajadores y estudiantes en sus luchas. Por eso votamos por una gran campaña para echar a la policía asesina de la Universidad!. Lamentablemente, no todas las corrientes de la izquierda fueron claras en la denuncia ante semejantes maniobras. Empezando porque tanto la CEPA-PCR como el PO, desde el CUEFyL, fueron impulsores y firmaron el proyecto de un Bar “mitad privado/ mitad estatal”, y siguiendo porque por un lado, tibiamente denunciaban el rol social de la policía y, mientras, haciéndose eco de la reaccionaria campaña “contra la inseguridad”, opinaban que era un debate “incómodo” (sic). No nos extraña que se sientan incómodos, ya que dichas agrupaciones asiduamente apoyan los paros policiales, festejan sus intentos de sindicalización o, como en el caso del PO, realizan campañas políticas “contra la inseguridad ciudadana”, así a secas, confluyendo en las marchas con la clase media que pide mano dura. A la “Universidad isla”, ahora custodiada por más policía, que proponen la Franja y Nueva Línea, no se la combate con medias tintas, sino forjando la unidad obrero estudiantil, peleando contra las camarillas universitarias consecuentemente y peleando por organizar al movimiento estudiantil desde las bases.

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Forum index » Discussion » Introduce Yourself Philipp Mann Philippmann Joined: Aug 11, 2011Posts: 50Location: Berlin Philipp MannSubject description: ... please allow me to introduce myself & my latest track ... FREE Download on SoundCloud dear all, I am producing electronic music and would like to share my outcome with others, whoever is interested in. here comes my playlist: http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL2C453F57591208E5&feature=mh_lolz thanks in advance and take care follow me for updates & get your FREE "mp3" here: http://www.facebook.com/philippmann.pageLast edited by Philippmann on Mon Sep 28, 2015 1:07 pm; edited 8 times in total Philipp._________________Garret: It's so retro. Philipp MannSubject description: ... please allow me to introduce myself ... hi EdisonRex & thanks! Back to top Joined: Feb 28, 2003Posts: 742Location: New Jersey <sigh> Someday I need to do something with my facebook listing. I have one...never did anything with it._________________Dave www.davesneed.com hi DES, thanks... now worries, nice to hear that you have a life without Facebook. I have reduced my introduction and just posted my latest production, in addition I have left my homepage link - I hope for some feedback for my latest track. thx & have a nice day! philipp Re: Philipp Mann Nice song of yours, although I am not really into House _________________http://www.hrastprogrammer.com/hrastwerk/ Philipp Mann feedback hey HrastProgrammer, thanks a lot for your kind words - have listened to your music as well and I have to say, that it is very interesting and that I like it too! have a great time and thanks again philipp_________________homepage: http://www.philippmann.com/ facebook: http://www.facebook.com/philippmann.page Philipp Mann's new one... hey, I uploaded a new one: http://soundcloud.com/philipp-mann/philipp-mann-nuance thanks for listening & have a nice day FireMonkeysHead Joined: Oct 31, 2011Posts: 4Location: Madison, WI Posted: Mon Oct 31, 2011 3:11 pm Post subject: Hey Philipp! I'm new here myself, but thought I'd say hi. Enjoyed Nuance. How'd you get your start? What programs do you use to make music? hi FireMonkeysHead, thanks for your feedback! I actually started in 1998 with spinning HOUSE music on my turntables and started this year with my own productions... (just to let you know where I am coming from...). My recommendation would be to check out following progs for music production: - LOGIC - REASON - ABLETON ... I believe, that there are more tools for music productions, but these are the professional ones. if I am correct, you can get a trial version to try it out and check-out tutorials delivered by the companies or in the internet. just play around (it is mandatory to get skills on music theory, there are many books and internet sources available - google is your friend), I guess you have a pc / mac - requirements are shown on the company websites as well. after a while you will find your path, the music type you like to produce and from time to time you could do an investment on technical equipment, like: - a controller & keyboard, - a external audio interface and - monitor speakers... ... but I would start with a trial version to check out, which software fits you best (I believe, that the "save" function is not available on a trial version) and if you really like to create music. & btw I am using ABLETON. hope this helps! good luck and I wish you creative moments in the area of music production. cheers - philipp_________________homepage: http://www.philippmann.com/ new layout please allow me to introduce you to my new homepage layout: http://www.philippmann.com/ cheers & have fun! philipp it's all about music ... it's all about music ... philipp_________________homepage: http://www.philippmann.com/ A / B SIDE ... thanks for watching! philipp_________________homepage: http://www.philippmann.com/ Posted: Wed Apr 03, 2013 1:08 pm Post subject: pls allow me to introduce you to another offer (free mp3 download - extended version) ... some vocal stuff - check it out, feel free to download this one. your feedback is always appreciated - thx for listening & have a good time. philipp_________________homepage: http://www.philippmann.com/ Posted: Wed Jan 22, 2014 6:08 am Post subject: New set of sound on SoundCloud ... here comes another set on SoundCloud: do you have a favorite one? thx for listening Posted: Thu Jun 05, 2014 4:21 pm Post subject: ... unfinished songs as snippets: https://soundcloud.com/philipp-mann/sets/unfinished-songs-snippets_________________homepage: http://www.philippmann.com/ Posted: Wed Jun 18, 2014 3:09 pm Post subject: _________________homepage: http://www.philippmann.com/ Posted: Fri Jan 23, 2015 2:04 pm Post subject: I have put a new track on SoundCloud - as free download, have a listen. Have fun, Philipp_________________homepage: http://www.philippmann.com/ Posted: Fri Feb 27, 2015 11:15 am Post subject: Berlin, Ick liebe Dir! ... another FREE track, have fun! Philipp_________________homepage: http://www.philippmann.com/ New family member ... hey - hope u're doing good! please allow me to introduce you to my new family member and a new song, of course! https://youtu.be/HTvBD8ICWqo PEACE - philipp _________________homepage: http://www.philippmann.com/ Posted: Mon Sep 21, 2015 11:57 am Post subject: Hey - another free track... keep going! I never said that it will be easy I never told you that you don't have to fight I never said that it will be easy I know in the end you will be alright thanks for watching philipp_________________homepage: http://www.philippmann.com/

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Quel cadeau pour quel gourmand ? Voilà, ça y est, c'est noël. Enfin si l'on en croit les magasins depuis le lendemain de Halloween. Si vous me lisez, c'est que vous n'êtes probablement pas du genre à manger pour vous nourrir. Et que vous apprécierez forcément des cadeaux gourmands sous le sapin. Mais quel gourmand êtes-vous ? Je vous propose ici une liste de cadeaux qui siéra à chacune des sept typologies que je viens d'inventer. Cadeaux à vous faire offrir... ou à offrir à vos amis cuisiniers amateurs qui détestent le mot "foodie" (comme tous les foodies qui se respectent). Pour les "scientifiques" Cooking for geeks : indispensable. The Science of Good Cooking : indispensable puissance 2. La tasse à café caféine. La planche à découper millimétrée. Le cookie cutter ADN. Le siphon à café. Pour les locavores Le merveilleux livre qui fête les 10 ans de l'Auberge du Chalet des Enfants. La boîte cadeau de noël de Chez Laurène. Un abonnement à l'Helvetibox. Edit : Florian, le créateur de l'Helvetibox, vous propose en cadeau un bon réduction de 5.- pour vos prochains abonnements (valable juqu'au 31.12.2015), youplaboum !!! Le code : funambuline05 Labels: bla-bla-bla, Lausanne, miam 6 commentaires: La Mise aux enchères des Vins de Lausanne : leçon de vocabulaire pour néophytes Depuis quelques mois maintenant, j'ai la chance de faire partie de la super équipe des Vins de Lausanne. Quoi ? La Ville de Lausanne fait du vin ? Et oui mon ami, depuis 1536 même ! Cinq domaines viticoles appartiennent à la ville et sont gérés par l'équipe des vignobles, qui dépend du Service des Parcs et Domaines. Ce sont cinq siècles d'histoire et d'héritage à maintenir pour conserver cette tradition de domaine publique. Mais une tradition n'existe que si elle est bien vivante, et les tournants pris par les Vins de Lausanne ces dernières années prouvent que c'est le cas. Pourquoi je vous raconte ça aujourd'hui ? Parce que je viens de vivre ma première dégustation de vin primeur (c'est-à-dire le vin récolté cette année) en vue de la fameuse Mise aux Enchères des Vins de Lausanne qui aura lieu samedi 12 décembre à l'Hôtel de Ville, dès 8h. Ce sera la 213e édition, rien que ça, et cette année, elle est un peu particulière. Deux soirées de dégustations, ouvertes au public, ont lieu ce soir, de 18h à 20h et demain de 16h à 20h, au Cartnozet de la Ville de Lausanne (situé dans le passage entre la Place de la Palud et la Place de la Louve). Vous y êtes les bienvenus pour découvrir ces vins primeurs, ainsi que des lots exclusifs que je vous détaille ci-dessous. Cette tradition de mise aux enchères a été lancée pour commercialiser les vins issus des domaines de la ville il y a plus de deux siècles. A l'époque, la totalité était vendue en très grosses quantités, les vignerons n'étaient pas des commerçants, encore moins quand ils travaillaient pour la ville. Mais ces métiers ont beaucoup changé aujourd'hui, ainsi que les habitudes de consommation. Il nous paraissait important de rendre cette mise au public lausannois. Pour l'ouvrir à tous, nous avons réalisé une sélection de petits lots, petits en quantité, exceptionnels en qualité ! Durant ces deux jours de dégustations, vous aurez l'occasion unique de goûter ces lots exclusifs qui seront disponibles à la mise du samedi 12 décembre, où les vins primeurs seront vendus entre 8h et 11h ; dès 11h aura lieu la vente des lots exclusifs. Tout le monde peut y assister, même si vous ne souhaitez pas miser, c'est une jolie tradition à observer ! Le carnet de mise sera disponible sur place, et il est en ligne, ce qui vous permet de voir le détail des lots exclusifs et leurs mises à prix, ainsi que plein d'autres histoires qu'on s'est donné beaucoup de peine à écrire pour vous ! Comme je soupçonne de très nombreux lecteurs de ce blog d'être aussi néophytes en vin que moi (quoi que j'ai acquis pas mal de vocabulaire et affûté mon palais ces derniers mois), j'avais envie de vous faire une petite mise à niveau de vocabulaire en profitant de ces lots exclusifs. Vins mutés Un vin muté est un vin dont on a arrêté le processus de fermentation alcoolique en ajoutant une toute petite dose d'eau-de-vie, ce qui permet de bloquer le travail des levures avant qu'elles ne "mangent" tout le sucre. Ce sucre résiduel en fait des vins doux, et l'eau-de-vie augmente légèrement leur degré d'alcool. C'est la première fois que les Vins de Lausanne propose des vins mutés, conçus en 2013, deux cépages ont été sélectionnés, un Pinot Gris et un Gamaret. Ils tous deux ont été ensuite élevés en barriques neuves afin de leur offrir encore plus de rondeur. Pour la petite histoire, un chef de nos chefs de service est grand amateur de vins doux, c'est pour lui rendre hommage avant sa retraite qui aura lieu dans quelques mois, que nos vinificateurs ont décidé de créer ces spécialités. Ce terme n'est pas géométrique quand on l'utilise dans le monde du vin, il symbolise un voyage dans le temps. Une dégustation verticale est une dégustation du même vin, mais avec des millésimes de plus en plus anciens. Le Chasselas est le cépage parfait pour ce genre de voyage, sa réputation d'éponge à terroir a ici toute sa pertinence. Chaque bouteille renferme un instantané de terroir et de climat. Cette année, les cinq meilleurs miseurs auront la chance de s'offrir un morceau d'histoire de chacun des domaines des Vins de Lausanne. Et si les bouteilles des domaines de Lavaux risquent de s'envoler plus facilement, je miserais personnellement plutôt sur ceux de La Côte qui vieillissent de manière si complexe et élégante. C'était ma grande découverte cette année, les "vieux" chasselas, et je ne m'en suis pas encore remise. C'est complexe, passionnant, la minéralité que l'on apprécie quand on est amateur de chasselas fait place à une rondeur étonnante, insoupçonnable quand on ne boit que des jeunes chasselas. Et surtout, c'est délicieux. Non, je ne vous prends pas pour des abrutis, vous savez tous ce qu'est un vin d'assemblage, c'est-à-dire un vin où plusieurs cépages ont été mêlés. Mais c'est intéressant d'en parler car les traditions diffèrent énormément d'un pays à l'autre, et même d'une région à l'autre. Le cépage roi en Suisse, c'est le chasselas, ou fendant si vous êtes valaisan, c'est le même. Ce magnifique cépage n'est par contre pas du tout exploité dans d'autres pays viticoles, à Bordeaux par exemple, il est considéré comme du raisin de table ! Les utilisations de certains cépages différent énormément de région à région, chacune a sa liste de cépages autorisés, dans certaines régions (en France par exemple), la liste est minuscule. Mais quand on pense à ces fameux trois soleils de Lavaux (le soleil direct, le soleil qui se reflète sur le Lac Léman et le soleil qui se reflète et qui réchauffe les murs des terrasses où pousse le raisin), nos vignerons se sont dit qu'ils essaieraient bien d'autres cépages. C'est ainsi qu'a germé l'idée du Malbec. Comment ce cépage qui d'habitude pousse plus au Sud et aime les climats plus tempérés allait-il apprécier ce terreau particulier de Lavaux ? Et bien c'est simple : il l'adore ! Réchauffement climatique et trois soleils aidant, le Malbec se sent déjà chez lui au Domaine du Burignon au-dessus de Saint-Saphorin. C'est un assemblage "à la bordelaise", avec du Cabernet Franc et du Merlot, et élevé en barriques, qu'il est présenté pour la première fois aux amateurs de vins lausannois ! La dégustation que viennent de faire l'oenologue et ses vignerons a confirmé que l'essai est transformé (c'est Bordelais, j'utilise des termes de rubgy, ne faites pas attention), ce vin est tel qu'ils le voulaient, élégant, puissant, avec un joli potentiel de garde. Si vous en remportez un carton à la mise, vous aurez le premier Malbec des Vins de Lausanne dans votre cave ! L'autre belle surprise de l'année, c'est l'assemblage de Mara et de Galotta. Deux cépages cultivés en très petites quantités dans nos régions. Ces deux cépages sont issus de croisements, le Mara est un frère du Garanoir et Gamaret, le Galotta est un croisement entre Gamay et Ancellotta. Pourquoi tester ces cépages ? Parce qu'ils sont particulièrement résistants et adaptés au terroir de La Côte, ce qui permet de limiter les traitements à leur minimum. D'ailleurs, dès le 1er janvier 2016, les deux domaines de La Côte seront entièrement cultivé en biodynamie. Mais ces cépages n'ont pas uniquement été choisis pour leur rusticité. Le Mara développe des arômes de fruits rouges indéniables (j'ai encore la fraise des bois en bouche en vous écrivant ces mots), le Galotta quant à lui a été choisi pour sa concentration tannique qui se développe admirablement sous nos climats. En assemblant ces deux cépages, l'ambition était d'obtenir un vin très équilibré, parfait pour des accords mets-vins avec de la viande rouge, voire même de la chasse. "Un vin de gastronomie" comme dit ma cheffe. Le pari est réussi, ces bouteilles pourront vieillir facilement entre 2 et 5 ans, j'en garde une "au chaud" pour la chasse de 2017 ! Vous êtes les bienvenus pour venir déguster ces lots exclusifs ce soir dès 18h et demain de 16h à 20h, au Carnotzet de la Ville ouvert pour l'occasion. Je vous attends de pied ferme ! Labels: Lausanne, miam, Romandie, Suisse Aucun commentaire: Les nouvelles séries de Super Héro(ïne)s Depuis 3 ans, un nouveau genre de série de super-héros a vu le jour. La première du genre était Arrow, en 2012. Si son commencement était kitchissime, elle était suffisamment soignée visuellement pour que je ne l'abandonne pas. Et j'ai bien fait, car le ton a changé, du super-héros viril, fort, habile, qui veut à tout prix sauver tout le monde, surtout les femmes parmi ses proches, on est passé à une bande de justicier, qui fait la part belle aux femmes (3 justicières pour 2 justiciers) et dont le cerveau, Felicity Smoak, est une ingénieure en informatique qui n'a pas oublié d'être particulièrement jolie, sexy, blonde, mais est surtout extrêmement brillante, talentueuse femme d'affaire, et libérée sexuellement. Avouez que ce n'est pas le genre de personnage que l'on s'attend à voir normalement dans un objet culturel sur le thème des super-héros où les univers sont, enfin étaient, des apologies de la force masculine avec des demoiselles en détresse. Labels: bla-bla-bla, féminisme, séries, Un oeil sur le monde 1 commentaire: Burnt m'a fait perdre l'appétit J'adore les films qui parlent de bouffe, de cuisine, de cuisiniers, de restaurants, d'ingrédients. J'ai une belle collection de films culinaires à la maison et dans ma filmothèque de mémoire (une liste non-exhaustive est sur ma page Films Culinaires, les films sont classés par genre). Dernièrement, par exemple, le film Chef de Jon Favreau m'avait ravi pour son apologie de la gourmandise et de la comfort food, la recette que j'ai apprise dans le films des spaghettis pour séduire Scarlett Johansson est devenue un de mes classiques. C'est ça que j'attends d'un film culinaire, qu'il me donne envie de cuisiner, de manger, de tester de nouvelles recettes, de nouveaux ingrédients, ou de réfléchir à ce monde-là. Quand j'ai su que Burnt allait sortir, j'ai cherché en quoi Bradley Cooper était la bonne personne pour le film, il l'est. Il a travaillé plusieurs fois dans des restaurants avant d'avoir du succès en tant qu'acteur, il aime ce monde-là, et il avait déjà été entraîné quand il a joué dans la série Kitchen Confidential (très librement) inspirée du roman Kitchen Confidential de Anthony Bourdain. Série que je ne recommande qu'aux très grands amateurs d'histoires en cuisine, elle n'est pas spécialement brillante à la réalisation, ni au scénario, et si elle reste très plaisante à suivre, elle ne laisse pas de souvenirs impérissables. Mais pour ce qui est de la cuisine, les rôles dans une brigade et les plats sont tous justes et très bien documentés (forcément, c'est tiré d'un bouquin écrit par un chef...), donc c'est assez chouette à observer. Après avoir vu cette série, je me réjouissais d'aller voir Burnt, d'autant plus quand j'ai appris le reste du casting : Omar Sy (qui est impeccable dans le film), Sienna Miller (parfaite aussi), Emma Thomson, Uma Thurman, Daniel Brühl, preuve que le film était clairement ambitieux. Les premières minutes sont prometteuses, la lumière est belle, les décors réalistes (même si un peu trop propres), le rythme est bon. Le scénario très cliché, mais beaucoup de films commencent avec la rédemption du héros, pourquoi pas. Labels: films, miam 3 commentaires: Si vous lisez ceci c'est que probablement, comme moi, vous êtes régulièrement en ligne. Vous avez donc, comme moi, comme une bonne partie de l'Europe et de la planète, passé beaucoup trop de temps en ligne depuis vendredi soir, 13 novembre 2015, 22h30. Vous avez lu des centaines de paragraphes, de réactions, vu des images, des vidéos, lu des articles, des tweets, des statuts facebook, des compilations de dessins, des réactions à des réactions. Il est difficile de démêler les informations, les opinons, les émotions, quand elles se percutent aussi violemment et rapidement. Sonnés, nous le sommes tous. Il s'agit maintenant de continuer à vivre notre mode de vie qui a été attaqué si meurtrièrement. Et de continuer à réfléchir, sans nous laisser terroriser, sans nous laisser aller à la peur de l'autre, à la haine. Et sans donner de l'écho à ceux qui font la promotion de cette haine, quel que soit leur camp. Parmi tout ce que j'ai lu, vu, entendu, observé, j'ai envie de partager ici quelques liens qui ont été utiles à ma réflexion. Commençons par l'intro de Last Week Tonight by John Oliver diffusée dimanche soir. Je ne rate pas un épisode de cette émission et il est le premier à avoir réussi à me faire rire aux éclats sur le sujet. Il n'est jamais autant bon que quand il est énervé et qu'il parle de politique étrangère, ça fait un bien fou. (Si vous ne parlez pas anglais, la traduction par Slate.) Pourquoi vaut-il mieux utiliser le mot "Daech" plutôt que ISIS, ISIL ou IS ? Plusieurs raisons, déjà éviter les amalgames avec les musulmans à cause du "I" de "Islamic", éviter de valider le côté état à cause du "S" de "State"... et surtout, parce que ça les fait chier. Passionnant papier d'opinion paru dans le Boston Globe (en anglais uniquement). Une excellente vidéo de Le Monde pour comprendre Daech. Et un papier résumé et factuel des Décodeurs. Qu'implique "l'Etat d'Urgence" appliqué en France en ce moment pour la 6e fois de son histoire ? Combien de temps va-t-il durer ? Est-ce dangereux pour la démocratie/l'état de droit ? Les réponses de Padre Pio. J'ajoute une couche avec un article de janvier qui explique pourquoi il n'est PAS souhaitable de créer un "patriot act" à la française, encore plus d'actualité aujourd'hui. Il a été otage de Daech pendant plusieurs mois, selon lui ce dont ils ont peur ce ne sont pas des bombardements, mais de notre unité. (On est mal partis.) Interview de Marc Trévidic, ancien juge anti-terrorisme, qui parle de manque de moyens de la lutte anti-terroriste. Ce permet aussi de se rappeler que ce n'est pas en créant des lois "anti-Internet" et de surveillance qu'on accroît la sécurité. Quand Hollande prononce le mot "guerre" (et donc, donne une légitimité à "l'état" islamique, on ne fait de guerres qu'entre états), je suis désespérée. Alors je fais appel aux classiques pour me détendre. Pour tous ceux autour de vous qui céderaient à la peur, paralysant l'activité cérébrale, et suivrait le chemin qui les amèneraient à blâmer les migrants, un rapide rappel des faits : le passeport syrien retrouvé sur les lieux d'un attentat ne prouve pas que les fou furieux de Daech s'infiltrent grâce aux migrants : il prouve que Daech veut qu'on le croie et qu'on cède au racisme, refusons leur ce plaisir, par pitié. Nicolae Schiau, le journaliste qui avait réalisé le magnifique reportage Exils, à lire et à relire, a reçu le sms de Nayef, un jeune migrant dans la jungle de Calais. Aaron Sorkin avait écrit un épisode de The West Wing spécial, juste après les attentats du 11 septembre 2001. Cet épisode, Isaac and Ishmael, est toujours autant pertinent aujourd'hui qu'il avait été mal compris à l'époque, en particulier pour la brillante métaphore de cet extrait. Facebook a créé bouton Safety Check vendredi soir dès 23h, pour les habitants de Paris. Ce qui pose plusieurs questions : Pourquoi ce bouton n'a-t-il pas été créé lors des attentats à Beyrouth la veille ? Facebook est-il vraiment le bon outil à qui confier notre état de vie ou de mort ? On a beaucoup entendu parler des réseaux sociaux comme outils d'embrigadement pour Daech. Mais ils ne sont que ça, des outils. Ce week-end, ils ont aussi servi à organiser la solidarité, dans un Paris privé de transports où chacun était prié de rentrer se mettre à l'abri. Les réseaux sociaux, encore eux, sont une source d'information, mais aussi une source de hoax et désinformation. Plusieurs médias se sont efforcés de publier très rapidement de démentis face à des rumeurs persistantes. C'est la première fois que j'observais aussi une telle profusion de gens qui rappelaient aux autres sur twitter combien il était important de vérifier ses sources avec des liens vers l'excellent travail des décodeurs (du Monde). Serait-ce une nouvelle tendance de twitter ? Je croise les doigts avec Grégoire Lemarchand qui a écrit cette analyse sur l'excellent blog making of de l'AFP. Il est important, mais extraordinairement difficile, de répondre aux questions des enfants à propos de ce genre d'événements. Mon Quotidien (10-14 ans) et Mon Petit Quotidien (6-10 ans) avait déjà fait un boulot génial lors des attentas de janvier, ils ont à nouveau créé des numéros spéciaux, gratuits, téléchargeables en ligne : Mon Quotidien / Mon Petit Quotidien D'autres initiatives existent, mais ces deux supports m'ont paru les plus convainquants. Une plus longue liste de diverses sources et documents ici. L'image, devenue symbole de paix, en tête de ce billet a été réalisée par Jean Jullien, un designer français basé à Londres, qui l'a libérée de tous droits, elle peut donc être utilisée partout. Il l'a publiée à la base sur facebook, twitter et son compte instagram. Compte instagram qui a été très joliment analysé il y a quelques mois dans cet article. Une autre image que je trouve éclairante sur la situation des réfugiés en ce moment, c'est ce dessin de Petar Pismestrovic, dessinateur autrichien qui travaille entre autre pour le NewYork Times, International Herald Tribune et Courrier International (je ne sais pas où cette image a été publiée). Je termine avec une bande dessinée parue dans The Guardian et je fais comme la dernière image. Labels: Un oeil sur le monde Aucun commentaire: Land Art à Yverdon Je suis fascinée par le Land Art depuis que j'ai vu le film Rivers and Tides autour de l'artiste Andy Goldsworthy. Le Land Art, aussi appelé Environemental Art ou Earth Art, est une catégorisation artistique qui a commencé à poindre dans les années 1960, sa définition est souple. Il s'agit d'oeuvres d'art, souvent de type sculpturale, en lien avec le paysage, formées d'éléments naturels (minéraux ou végétaux), parfois agrémenté d'éléments rapportés (selon les plus souples de ceux qui définissent ce type d'art). La plupart de ces oeuvres sont éphémères, elles ne sont souvent vues sur place que par l'artiste qui les réalise et, la plupart du temps, les immortalise grâce à la photographie. Depuis de nombreuses années, je collectionne les liens vers les oeuvres qui me plaisent sur un board pinterest, vous y trouverez des oeuvres de Land Art mélangées à des installations urbaines, ce qui pour moi n'est pas antinomique, car elles jouent toutes avec le paysage alentour. C'est sur pinterest que j'avais découvert The RedBall Project que j'étais si heureuse de pouvoir "voir en vrai" à Lausanne quand il est venu... et qui m'a ensuite invitée à Bordeaux pour travailler avec lui. C'est aussi sur Pinterest que j'ai vu passer pour la première fois le nom de Sylvain Meyer. Mais Pinterest m'a rendue paresseuse. Si je continue à faire attention à la source des images que je collectionne, je ne suis pas sortie de la plateforme pour m'informer plus avant sur cet artiste tant la profusion d'images passionnantes qui lui sont attribuées sur pinterest est grande. J'ai donc eu l'heureuse surprise de découvrir dans le 24heures que Sylvain Meyer est suisse, vaudois même, et qu'une de ses oeuvres était en cours de construction en plein centre d'Yverdon. Cette magnifique tornade de bois est une réalisation collective, de Sylvain Meyer, Jan Reymond et Tobias Metzger. J'ai profité d'une journée ensoleillée pour aller observer cette oeuvre sur la Place Pestalozzi. Pour les curieux, dépêchez-vous, elle ne restera en place que 2 semaines... avant d'être remplacée par un marché de noël et son sapin clignotant... Labels: expo, Romandie, Suisse, Un oeil sur le monde Aucun commentaire: Get Jiro: Blood and Sushi Est-il nécessaire de présenter Anthony Bourdain ? Pour ceux qui ne le connaissent pas encore, cet ancien cuisinier dans un restaurant français réputé de Manhattan, est devenu auteur à succès grâce à Kitchen Confidential, récit fictionalisé de sa vie trash à la sortie de la cuisine, puis présentateur télé avec la série No Reservations, ce qu'il est toujours aujourd'hui pour les séries (géniales) Parts Unknown et The Mind of a Chef dont il est également producteur. Mais ce boulimique d'activité, entre deux voyages, s'est aussi lancé dans le scénario de bd, sa première bd a été un succès gigantesque, plusieurs semaines parmi les meilleures ventes du New York Times. Le deuxième tome, Get Jiro: Blood and Sushi, prequel du premier, est sorti il y a quelques jours, je viens de le dévorer. Le premier tome s'intitule Get Jiro. L'idée lui est venue un jour où un de ses amis, spécialiste en sushi, lui racontait combien voir des gens tremper le riz de leur sushi dans une piscine de sauce soja où, sacrilège suprême, était dilué du wasabi, lui donnait envie de prendre son couteau pour les trucider. Labels: livres, miam, Un oeil sur le monde 8 commentaires: La science pour de oeufs brouillés parfaits Oui, la science. J'ai pris un énorme plaisir à suivre le cours Science & Cooking délivré par l'université de Harvard (ça claque). Bon, évidemment, j'ai suivi la version MOOC et non le cours original, mais j'avoue avoir tout de même drôlement sué. Durant 10 semaines, chaque semaine, il s'agissait de comprendre un principe physique ou chimique (par exemple : le ph des aliments, le principe de diffusion, les notions d'élasticité, de sphérification, de viscosité, de fermentation, etc.) grâce à des vidéos et des formules utilisées dans des exercices (environ 2h de travail), puis 2 parties de "devoirs", un théorique (application de la formule de la semaine et des principes globaux) et un pratique où on devait rendre chaque semaine une partie de rapport de laboratoire (entre 2h et 5h de travail par semaine), et tout à la fin, il fallait rendre un projet personnel, une expérience complète sur un sujet que l'on choisissait où il fallait tenter de démontrer quelque chose. Tout ce que j'ai appris, par exemple les formules mathématiques, ne va clairement pas m'être utile au quotidien. Par contre, la compréhension de certains principes, en profondeur, et la méthodologie scientifique appliquée à la cuisine, ont déjà transformé ma manière de cuisiner pour plein de petits détails. Grâce à ce cours, je sais maintenant faire les meilleurs oeufs brouillés du monde et je me suis dit que ça vous intéresserait. Promis, je minimise le bla-bla scientifique à son minimum dans ce qui suit pour que vous puissiez comprendre, sans souffrir d'aucune équation. Pour avoir les meilleurs oeufs brouillés du monde, pour 2 personnes, il vous faut : 4 très gros oeufs ou 6 petits (si vous vivez en Suisse, les oeufs sont tous gros, surtout les bios) (si possible assez frais = 2 semaines ou moins après la ponte) 50ml de lait 50ml de crème (de la demi-crème suffit, mais oui, il faut du gras) 20g de beurre (au minimum, n'essayez pas de faire les malins avec de la margarine) 1cs huile 1 poêle anti-adhésive 1 fourchette D'abord, sortir les oeufs du frigo, s'ils y sont (en Europe, en général, les oeufs ne sont pas vendus réfrigérés, il n'est donc pas nécessaire de les réfrigérer chez vous, ce qui permet de les garder à température ambiante, comme beaucoup de recettes le demandent. Sur le continent américain, les oeufs sont vendus réfrigérés. Il est nécessaire de garder des oeufs qui ont été réfrigérés au frigo). Ensuite, préparer ingrédients et ustensiles pour ne pas être retardé par la suite et pouvoir créer cette magnifique et simplissime recette like a boss comme un pro. C'est maintenant que se passe la magie, chaque détail compte. Casser les oeufs dans un bol. Ajouter une bonne pincée de sel, le lait et la crème. Battre à la fourchette, DOUCEMENT. A peine pour mélanger le tout, pas plus. On voit que c'est mélangé, mais à peine, il y a encore des morceaux visibles. Les molécules des protéines qui vont créer la structure des oeufs brouillés en coagulant, sont des molécules très longues, imaginez des spaghettis. Si on bat des oeufs longuement au fouet, vous remarquerez qu'ils deviennent de plus en plus liquides, les molécules ont été cassées en morceaux, elles ne s'emmêlent plus les unes aux autres, les morceaux glissent. Le mélange fouetté, si on le met sur le feu, va perdre son eau très vite et les oeufs seront donc secs, et presque poudreux, tout plats. Donc, on remue tout doucement, à la fourchette plutôt qu'au fouet, on ne casse pas les molécules, on les préserve, on les chouchoute. C'est aussi pour ça qu'on ajoute de la crème et pas seulement du lait, c'est encore plus "fluffy" avec plus de gras. Pourquoi ? Parce que les molécules de gras vont envelopper les molécules de protéines, ce qui va augmenter l'aspect coussins d'oeuf, et empêcher que les oeufs ne se dessèchent. Faire chauffer votre poêle à feu moyen avec la cuillère à soupe d'huile. Feu moyen veut dire qu'une casserole d'eau, par exemple, ne pourrait pas bouillir à cette température. Pour tester la température, ajouter la noix de beurre. Il faut qu'il fonde, sans vraiment frémir. Pour que les oeufs restent le plus moelleux possible, il faut que les protéines coagulent sans que leur partie liquide ne s'évapore. Si on met sur un feu vif, les protéines vont coaguler, mais ça prend tout de même du temps, alors que la partie liquide s'évapore très vite. En les travaillant à feu doux, les protéines vont coaguler tout de même, mais la majorité du liquide ne montera jamais suffisamment en température pour s'évaporer. C'est également une des raisons pour lesquelles on sale les oeufs tout au début, ils aideront la structure globale à faire de la "rétention d'eau". (Je vulgarise j'ai dit, ne me demandez pas de vous dessiner des membranes de molécules.) Quand le beurre a fondu, ajouter les oeufs. C'est là où la patience entre en jeu, il va falloir attendre le début de la coagulation. Il s'agit ensuite de faire des gestes lents, sur toute la longueur de la poêle, pour soulever la partie coagulée, doucement, et l'amener vers les bords. Puis attendre à nouveau, et soulever à nouveau, en ramenant les oeufs sur eux-mêmes. C'est toujours à cause de la forme des molécules de protéines, longues. Si vous jouez avec votre spatule en décollant chaque petit morceau qui a coagulé, vous allez casser ces protéines qui créent la structure du tout. Si, au contraire, vous faites des gestes sur toute la longueur de la poêle, vous pourrez voir la structure se former sous vos yeux. Ces gestes permettent également aux matières grasses d'enrober chaque morceau, afin qu'il reste protégé et qu'il ne se déshydrate pas. Sur cette image on voit bien comment les oeufs forment de gros morceaux, agglomérés les uns sur les autres. Quand les oeufs sont encore très coulants, qu'il reste des parties encore liquides, mais que les trois quart de la préparation a coagulé : il faut immédiatement retirer les oeufs de la poêle. Comme ils sont ramenés sur eux-mêmes, il suffit de déposer le tout sur une assiette. En gros, c'est trois, voire 4 minutes avant que ce ne soit prêt. Les laisser reposer quelques minutes. Oeuf partiellement coagulé, encore liquide, c'est le bon moment pour le sortir de la poêle. La diffusion de la chaleur ne s'arrête pas quand on enlève quelque chose d'une casserole, sa température interne fait qu'il continue à cuire, c'est ce qu'on appelle la chaleur latente. C'est pour ça qu'il y a plein de recettes qui demandent qu'on plonge un ingrédient dans un bain d'eau avec des glaçons juste après sa cuisson, pour pouvoir l'arrêter de manière précise, comme pour les oeufs mollets, ou durs par exemple. Si les oeufs brouillés sont cuits jusqu'à leur texture idéale, le temps qu'ils soient déposés sur une assiette, puis servis, et ensuite mangés, ils vont continuer à cuire, et donc se dessécher. Il s'agit donc de profiter de la température latente des oeufs pour finir leur cuisson afin qu'elle soit parfaite. Plus d'urgence ensuite à les servir immédiatement et à les manger très vite, ils resteront parfaits. Servir. Manger. Revenir me dire merci dans les commentaires, sinon... Si, comme moi, vous êtes un adepte du Tabasco (l'original pour les peureux du piquant, le habanero pour moi) avec les oeufs, n'ajoutez pas de poivre, sinon, vous pouvez poivrer en même temps que vous salez, il pourra ainsi infuser un peu dans les oeufs (préférez le poivre blanc, si vous en avez). J'ajoute un toast beurré sur l'assiette, parfois un morceau de formage, mais c'est tout, ces oeufs se suffisent à eux-mêmes. PS : Si l'image tout en haut de cet article qui détaille les ingrédients d'un oeuf vous a intéressé, il y en a plein d'autres sur le blog de ce professeur de chimie, c'est passionnant. Mon sosie liquide La truculante Sandrine, caviste, blogueuse et belge de son état, vient de créer une nouvelle série sur son blog La Pinardotek. Si tu ne connais pas encore ce blog, va lire, c'est bon. Elle y parle de beaux flacons, de saveurs, d'accords mets-vins, de vignerons et vigneronnes talentueux, du monde du vin. Elle y raconte des choses précises et passionnantes et aussi beaucoup de conneries à base de chansons nulles qui te restent dans la tête et de gifs animés tout pourris qui te font perdre le fil de son coup de gueule régulier et néanmoins très sérieux. Autant vous dire que j'adore ce style d'écriture foutraque mais totalement maîtrisé et assumé. Je disais donc, elle vient de créer une nouvelle série d'interview, ça s'appelle les "Morpho-psycho wine test". En gros elle pose 5 questions, toujours les mêmes, à des gens qu'elle choisi parce qu'elle les aime bien, les gens répondent, et selon ces réponses, elle leur attribue un vin. Je suis passée à la casserole. Non, pas littéralement, ça doit brûler. Elle a choisi, pour me correspondre, un cépage que je ne connais pas : le Trusseau, cultivé dans le Jura et qui donne "des vins rouges fluides, légèrement épicés, avec une faconde et une bonhommie réjouissante. Un vin virevoltant, dansant dans les verres, exhibant ses transparences, jouant à surprendre. Complexe plus que compliqué, abordable plus que facile". C'est tellement beau quand elle parle de vin, j'ai très envie de goûter ! Merci Sandrine, je suis flatée, d'abord parce que tu m'aimes bien, c'est plus que réciproque, ensuite parce que je suis si bien entourée, pour l'instant l'Ornithorynque Chafouin, la délicieuse Sofille, le mythique Padre Pio et Mister Buko, oui, rien que ça. Ce qui m'a permis de remarquer que l'adiction à la casomorphine* est un mal très répendu parmi les lolfluents de la twittosphères. Je rêve de séances à base de plateaux de fromages, d'un peu de barbaque pour le Padre, des flacons de Sandrine, pour lolgouverner le e-monde entre nous. * oui, l'addiction au fromage est un mal réel, j'en souffre, merci de respecter ma maladie en m'invitant régulièrement à manger des fondues et des raclettes. Bisous. (PS : j'accepte aussi les poutine, les brissolées, les camemberts rôtis, les cheese-cake, etc. Je suis une fille très ouverte d'esprit, pour le fromage, surtout s'il est au lait cru.) Labels: miam, nombril, social media Aucun commentaire: Pourcentage de femmes aux Elections Fédérales 2015 Il y a quatre ans, lors de la dernière élection pour le Conseil National, j'avais écrit un article où j'analysais les taux de candidatEs parmi les listes présentées. Les résultats n'étaient pas fameux, plusieurs partis n'avaient aucune candidate, sur 22 listes, seules 4 comportaient au moins 50% de femmes (La Gauche - solidaritéS, le Parti socialiste vaudois, Les Verts et les Jeunes Verts). Dans cet article, j'expliquais aussi rapidement comment fonctionne le vote par correspondance en Suisse, si vous n'êtes pas familier avec le processus, n'hésitez pas à aller le relire. En particulier le fait qu'il existe des listes vierges, sur lesquelles on peut panacher les candidat-e-s de différentes listes pour en créer une nouvelle. C'est ce que je fais, en y inscrivant que des noms de femmes, pour contrer le trop faible pourcentage de candidates. A ceux qui m'accusent de manière ridicule de défavoriser les hommes, je vous promets que lorsque le pourcentage de candidates atteindra le 50% dans tous les partis, j'arrêterai de choisir uniquement des femmes. Pourcentages de femmes dans les listes à l'élection du Conseil National 2011 Quatre ans plus tard, il est temps de renouveler notre Conseil National, et temps pour moi de me soumettre au même exercice, malheureusement toujours autant déprimant, du décompte des candidatEs parmi la forêt de candidats. Premier constat, si en 2011 on arrivait à pitoyable moyenne de 29% de candidatEs, 2015 ne fait guère mieux avec un maigre 31,5%. Par contre, des deux Partis à 0% de femmes dans leurs listes en 2011 un seul est à 0% cette année, c'est le Parti Nationaliste Suisse. Trêve de suspense, voici les pourcentages de femmes dans les listes vaudoises pour la votation pour le Conseil National en octobre 2015 (roulements de tambours) : 56% Jeunes Vert-e-s Vaudois-e-s - 10/18 (femme en tête de liste) 50% Jeunesse Socialiste Vaudoise - 9/18 (femme en tête de liste) 50% Parti socialiste vaudois - 9/18 (femme en tête de liste) 50% Les Verts - 9/18 50% PDC - 9/18 44% POP - solidaritéS - 8/18 39% PLR Innovation - 7/18 39% Verts'libéraux - 7/18 (femme en tête de liste) 38% Valeurs chrétiennes - Parti évangélique - 5/13 36% 60+ PDC - 4/11 33% PBD Vaud - centre droit moderne - 6/18 (femme en tête de liste) 27% PLR Les Libéraux-Radicaux - 5/18 25% Parti Pirate Vaudois - 2/8 25% LES INDEPENDANTS VAUDOIS - 1/4 22% Jeunes UDC Vaud - 4/18 22% PLR Jeunes libéraux-radicaux Vaud - 4/18 (femme en tête de liste) 22% Jeunes PDC - 2/9 20% Action Nationale - Démocrates Suisses-VD - 2/10 18% Liste du Vote Blanc - 2/11 18% ECOPOP - 2/11 18% Valeurs chériennes - Union Démocratique Fédérale - 5/13 17% UDC Vaud - 3/18 0% Parti Nationaliste Suisse Les femmes représentants (plus de) 50% de la population, si l'on se fie à ces chiffres, seuls 5 listes, de 3 partis, mériteraient nos votes : le PS, les Verts et le PDC. Toutefois le PDC et ses trois listes cumule à une moyenne de 36%. Vous savez donc pour qui j'ai voté, les candidadEs VertEs et PS sur les 4 listes qui dépassent les 50%, je ne vois pas d'autre choix possible pour être représentée par des personnes qui sont conscientes du problème et agissent pour que les femmes soient représentées partout. Labels: féminisme, Lausanne, Romandie, Suisse, Un oeil sur le monde 2 commentaires: Où manger à Bordeaux ? Dans la guéguerre entre Toulousains et Bordelais, les premiers affirment que Bordeaux est une ville de vin, pas de gastronomie. Ô combien ils ont tort ! On y mange très bien, mais effectivement, beaucoup d'adresses sont surfaites et snob, ou juste des appeaux à touristes. On ne parlera donc pas de l'Entrecôte dans cet article, ni de la compétition Etchebest-Ramsay à la Place de la Comédie. En deux semaines dans cette ville magnifique, mais très cossue, j'ai eu la chance, grâce à ma merveilleuse hôtesse, de découvrir des restaurants magnifiques, pour des prix raisonnables pour la qualité des produits qu'ils travaillent, dans plusieurs quartiers, c'est de ceux-ci dont j'ai envie de vous parler. Petit apparté, pendant que je vous tiens, je n'ai PAS bu de vin rouge, les vins de la région sont souvent trop tanniques à mon goût. J'ai par contre pris un énorme plaisir à déguster des blancs délicieux dans tous les restaurants que je vous recommande ici. C'yusha C'est le restaurant préféré de ma bordelaise préférée. Jai eu la chance d'y avoir une place parmi les 19 couverts proposés midi et soir, la réservation y est indispensable. D'autant que le chef travaille seul, dans une cuisine ouverte, visible dès l'entrée. Il sera ravi de discuter avec vous avant le repas ou en sortie de table, en particulier de ses producteurs ou des produits qu'il fait pousser lui-même (légumes, herbes et même citrons caviar). Plusieurs formules sont proposées, ainsi que des plats à la carte. Je vous recommande de choisir le menu, à 34€ pour entrée, plat, dessert (le soir) ou 45€ pour une déclinaison à 6 plats. Pour petits budgets, c'est 19€ à midi (entrée-plat-dessert). Le chef étant seul en cuisine et la serveuse seule en salle, ils apprécieront que vous arriviez à l'heure pile de votre réservation pour une question d'organisation. Ce jour-là, nous avons eu le plaisir de voir notre entrée prévue au menu changée, car le chef avait reçu des cèpes de son fournisseur. Nous avons donc mangé un oeuf basse température avec espuma de cèpes, brisures de châtaignes, une tartine de lard de colonnata et une fleur de tulbaghia qui amenait une subtile saveur d'ail. Cette entrée raffinée et très équilibrée était précédée d'une mise en bouche de soupe de courge et espuma d'ortie, juste de quoi s'ouvrir l'appétit et se rendre compte de l'originalité et de la finesse des saveurs qui vont suivre. En plat j'ai choisi l'esturgeon, il était surmonté de chair de citron caviar et d'une touffe de champignons enoki, accompagné d'une purée de panais panée aux épices, d'un pak choi braisé et d'un "jus de bordelaise" (aucune idée ce que ça peut bien être, à part qu'il y a une réduction de vin rouge et de la moutarde de cassis et que c'est délicieux avec le poisson). Accords surprenants, originaux, intelligents, élégants, mais au-delà de ces adjectifs de la blogueuse-qui-se-prend-pour-une-critique-culinaire, c'est surtout diablement bon. Après une espuma mojito en guise de trou normand (peut-être ce qui m'a le moins intéressé du repas, c'est dire si le reste était bon), on a reçu desserts et fromages. C'était amusant pour moi de reconnaître plusieurs produits typiquement servis en Suisse, de la Tête de Moine dans l'assiette de fromage (avec un chèvre juste égoutté, un chèvre cendré et un autre fromage de type reblochon, servi sur une tapette à souris) et du chasselas en grain et en verjus dans l'assiette de dessert intitulée "la flaveur des raisins". Un dessert de cuisinier qui joue avec les accords, différents types de raisins utilisés et travaillés de manières différentes, de grains frais à raisins séchés, en sorbet ou en gelée, avec du chocolat, du tofu à la pistache, une crème façon dulce de leche et j'en oublie. Chaque plat travaille nos sens, interroge (et ravit) nos papilles, sans jamais pouvoir être accusé de chichitage. J'ajoute que le restaurant est très beau, la vaisselle est magnifique, le pain est maison (au levain) servi avec des beurres aromatisés de chez Bordier ou maison (celui du chef à l'huître végétale est fameux), le service est parfait, il y a des cartes de visites des fournisseurs à l'entrée et, je le répète, le chef est adorable et toujours disposé à répondre à vos questions. C'est très impressionnant de se sentir à ce point invité dans l'imagination et la gourmandise de votre hôte, ce concept de l'homme seul en cuisine ouverte me séduit, et j'ai adoré cette rencontre avec la cuisine de Pierrick Célibert et j'espère avoir l'occasion de déguster son travail à nouveau. 12, rue Ausone Mardi, mercredi et jeudi midi Du mardi au samedi le soir Le Petit Commerce Le lieu est une institution, d'un petit local dans la Rue du Parlement Saint-Pierre, il est devenu double, puis triple, il fût un temps où l'un des local abritait même une poissonnerie (ce sera à nouveau le cas dans quelques mois). Depuis septembre 2015, un nouveau chef, Stéphane Carrade, est aux commandes. En plus de superviser la brasserie, il va y créer une "table gastronomique à prix doux" (début novembre 2015) que je n'ai pas eu l'occasion de tester mais je vous y encourage. Pour ma part je me suis régalée de fruits de mer à la plancha (les couteaux et les calamars sont magnifiques) et d'un plateau de fruits de mer comportant un demi-tourteau, des huîtres, des crevettes, des clams, des bulots, des bigorneaux, des praires, des crevettes grises (rhâ lovely), des murex et j'en oublie. A moins d'être un outre-mangeur, mangez-le à deux ou prenez un demi-plateau (25€) ! Le soir, la brasserie propose aussi un très chouette choix de tapas maison et de très jolis vins au verre à prix raisonnables (dès 3,5€ pour la très recommandable réserve maison). Le chef ayant importé une partie de sa brigade depuis le Grand Hôtel, on m'a vivement recommandé les desserts de son pâtissier. De quoi faire un festin. Le service est efficace, le chef passe régulièrement entre les établissements pour observer la clientèle... ou vous allumer du chauffage s'il a peur que vous preniez froid, c'est un homme adorable. 22, rue du Parlement Saint-Pierre Tous les jours, cuisine non-stop 12h-23h (mais je recommande de vous y rendre aux heures de repas où la brigade est complète en cuisine...) Kressmann Brothers Autre quartier, autre style, ici on est au coeur des Chartrons, sur une place entourée d'établissements et couverte de terrasses. Mais je ne vous y recommande qu'une adresse : Kressmann Brothers. Les deux frères qui ont monté cette brasserie sont passionnés de vin (ils sont nés dedans) et de beaux produits. La carte est courte et change selon les arrivages, et tout y est magnifique. La bavette, sauce à l'échalote et écrasée de pomme de terre est un must, le tataki de boeuf à se damner, le carpaccio de Saint-Jacques avec sa chantilly de coriandre et jus de yuzu est parfait, la papillote de poisson est délicieuse, le camembert rôti est décadent. En plus c'est confortable, les prix sont tout doux pour des produits d'excellente qualité, y compris pour les vins, et le service est très amical et efficace. Un de mes restaurants préférés à Bordeaux, j'en ferais bien ma cantine (et je ferais bien des bisous à leur boucher) ! 8, place du marché des Chartrons Tous les jours, 12-14h30 - 18h30-22h30 (uniquement le midi le dimanche) Comptoir Cuisine C'est peut-être le lieu le plus bourgeois et évident de ma liste, mais il mérite vraiment une visite. Installé juste en face du Grand Théâtre, sa terrasse, avec cheminées (!) a une vue magnifique. "Le meilleur tartare de Bordeaux" m'avait-on dit, je n'en ai pas goûté ailleurs et ne peux pas vous affirmer que c'est vrai, mais c'est sans aucun doute un des meilleurs que j'ai mangé de ma vie. Entre la carte fixe, relativement courte et les très nombreuses propositions du jour, votre choix sera difficile. Je vous recommande les ravioles de foie-gras au bouillon (avec coco de paimpol et lardons fumés), le baba au rhum extraordinaire (à partager, il est énorme !), les poissons (selon arrivage), bref, tout ce que j'ai pu goûter. Ici encore, la sélection de vins au verre est à des prix raisonnables (leur Dourthe à 3€ par exemple) et le café gourmand est un festin (le pâtissier maison prépare des desserts toute la journée car l'établissement fait office de salon de thé -avec des thés Mariages Frères- l'après-midi). Le service est efficace et sympathique, même avec les touristes espagnols ou américains pénibles, le lieu, bien qu'étant classieux, est tout à fait cosy (si vous ne vous offusquez pas de côtoyer des manteaux de fourrure, des sacs de créateurs hors de prix et des vestes matelassées -private joke-), à tel point que j'y suis retournée deux fois. Dire que certains font la queue à l'Entrecôte ou pour une salle aux dorures kitch à quelques mètres... incompréhensible. 2, place de la Comédie Tous les jours, midi et soir (l'après-midi il fait office de salon de thé) Le Café du Levant Brasserie entièrement décorée Art Déco, le lieu est sublime. La terrasse est spacieuse et paisible, bien que face à la Gare Saint-Jean. Le service est parfait, la carte est classique mais très bien interprétée (même l'oeuf-mayo avait l'air délicieux) et chaque jour il y a des propositions de saison. J'y ai dégusté des calamars en persillade déposés sur un lit de courge confite, je n'aurais pas parié sur l'harmonie des saveurs et pourtant c'était exquis. Leur assiette de fromages mérite une visite à elle toute seule, et le pâtissier maison a une telle réputation que j'ai vu plusieurs tables ne venir que pour les desserts. Un seul détail : ne goûtez pas leur Pessac-Léognan, à moins d'être disposés à en prendre un deuxième et un troisième verre tant il est gouleyant. 22-25, rue Charles-Domercq (en face de la gare St Jean) Tous les jours 11h30-14h30 et 18h30-22h30, salon de thé non-stop dès 8h En sus de ces établissements que je vous recommande chaleureusement, et que j'ai testés, mon hôtesse chérie, Esme, pâtissière et grande gourmande de son état m'a confié une liste de restaurants et lieux de shopping gourmand à Bordeaux rien que pour vous : Fufu : bar à ramen, tout est fait maison, plusieurs établissements à Bordeaux, comfort food power, possibilité de commander à emporter. Mokoji : petit restaurant coréen, attention, bondé dès 20h10, venez tôt... ou tard. Merveilleux bibimbap, bulgogi, poulet pané, bref, tout est bon, et copieux, à prix modiques. Service hyper sympa et efficace, possibilité de commander à emporter. Canelés La Toque Cuivrée : c'est simple, une seule adresse, aller les chercher directement à l'usine, jamais ailleurs, et ouais. Le Comptoir Bordelais : épicerie fine, attention, tout votre budget shopping risque d'y passer ! La collection de conserveries est mirobolante avec toutes les spécialités du Sud Ouest imaginables (oui, du foie gras, mais pas que), des vins et alcools, des épices et tout ce qui est nécessaire pour ne pas trop souffrir du manque de Bordeaux en rentrant chez vous. Prix... épicerie fine. Pour le reste, Bordeaux et couvertes de terrasses, il est facile de boire un verre partout, partout, partout, vins, bières (quoi qu'il faille chercher longtemps les artisanales), cocktails et même de parfaits thés à la menthe (quartier Saint-Michel, en cours de gentrification, ce qui est chiant pour les habitants, mais un régal pour les touristes). Labels: ailleurs, miam, RedBall Project, Un oeil sur le monde 6 commentaires: La Mise aux enchères des Vins de Lausanne : leçon ... Pourcentage de femmes aux Elections Fédérales 2015...

2019-09/0000/fr_middle.json.gz/578

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FATA/Gilgit-Baltistan Drone attack in Wana kills at least five militants PESHAWAR: At least five militants were killed and three injured as a result of a drone attack in South Waziristan on Thursday, ARY News reported. Security sources told that a US drone fired two missiles on a house located in tehsil Wana of South Waziristan on Thursday. As a consequence, at least five militants were killed and three injured. The deceased and injured could not be identified as yet. This is the second drone attack which took place in Pakistan’s north-western tribal region since the start of 2015. Related Items:ARY, ARY News, Drone Attack, Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA), five killed, militants, Pakistan, South Waziristan, three injured, tribal region, wana Pakistan edge out Bangladesh to reach U-19 Youth Asia Cup final

2017-47/0000/en_middle.json.gz/33397

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Eyes on Milwaukee New $22 Million Rail Concourse Opens Intermodal Station's dark and dingy concourse for boarding trains finally replaced. By Jeramey Jannene - Jun 22nd, 2016 05:18 pm Amtrak Hiawatha at the Milwaukee Intermodal Station. Photo by Jeramey Jannene. “Today is a great day for Wisconsin, a great day for the Milwaukee area and a great day for the Wisconsin Department of Transportation” proclaimed WisDOT secretary Mark Gottlieb at the ribbon cutting for the Milwaukee Intermodal Station‘s new $22 million passenger concourse and train shed. The station opened to great fanfare in 2007, replacing a dilapidated 1960s Amtrak station originally built by the defunct Milwaukee Road with a new glassy facility with an open ticketing and waiting area. The new station hid a secret, though, what Gottlieb called a “dark and dingy 50-year-old concourse,” that forced riders to board trains in what felt like a factory. Starting today, the front of the house finally matches the back with riders boarding trains in a well-lit, airy facility. Designed by Hanno Weber & Associates of Chicago, construction on the project began in January 2015. Janesville-based J.P. Cullen served as the general contractor on the project, with Benesch and GRAEF providing engineering support. Attached to the south side of the station at 433 W. St. Paul Ave., the structure is 400-feet long, 121-feet wide and 56-feet tall from ground to rooftop. The new concourse features escalators, elevators and stairs to get passengers up to a mezzanine level in a way that is fully accessible to those with disabilities. The project itself was mandated not by the need for a better looking entryway to the city, but because the prior concourse was far from compliant with Americans with Disabilities Act requirements. Rail passengers will note that the the tunnels that went under the tracks are still there, but now are only for emergencies. The roof structure is a “custom fabricated 3-D tubular truss roof with skylights.” LED lighting complements the skylights, while promising to be more effective and cheaper to operate than the past lighting system. The platforms are used by seven Amtrak Hiawatha Service trains a day, as well as two Amtrak Empire Builder trains. While substantially more active than many Midwestern train stations, the station has the capacity to see substantially more traffic if the Hiawatha Service is ever extended or the Kenosha-Racine-Milwaukee commuter rail project ever gets off the drawing board. Redevelopment of the train shed isn’t as simple and straight forward as it might seem. In addition to accommodating nearly 600,000 passengers every year, the train shed sits over a very active freight line. The station is owned by the Wisconsin Department of Transportation, but the five tracks through the facility are owned by the Canadian Pacific railroad. The station is leased to and operated by the Milwaukee Intermodal Partners (with office space available for lease). The operator pays property taxes on the building, which allowed the city to use tax-incremental financing to contribute $6 million to the $15 million 2007 renovation. As if the multiple layers of ownership and management aren’t enough, to get the necessary approvals for the project the state had to work with the Federal Railroad Administration, Federal Transit Administration and Federal Highway Administration. Despite its complicated history, passenger rail advocates and WisDOT officials were all smiles at the mezzanine ribbon cutting today with well-over 100 people in attendance. Concourse and Station Photos Station Becoming Truly Multi-Modal It’s taken a number of years, but the intermodal station is finally living up to its name. It opened with Greyhound buses, Amtrak trains and a handful of other regional bus lines, but has shown steady growth since then. Bublr Bikes added a dock at the station in 2014 and earlier this year Badger Bus relocated their downtown hub to the station. The Milwaukee Streetcar will stop at the station’s eastern end when service begins in two years. Still in planning, the Milwaukee County Transit System might end up sending a number of routes to the station as part of the demolition of the Downtown Transit Center. All told, an estimated 1.3 million trips began or ended at the Milwaukee Intermodal Station last year. Increasing Costs and Delays The state missed numerous opportunities to save millions on the project. The $823 million high-speed rail stimulus grant that would have extended the Hiawatha Service to Madison would have paid for 100 percent of the project cost, but governor Scott Walker pledged to reject the project during his gubernatorial campaign, causing the federal government to withdraw the grant in 2010. Adding insult to injury, the Federal Railroad Administration passed tougher regulations about platform heights in 2011, which substantially increased the project cost because the state failed to get construction underway by the February 2012 cut-off. Compounding the boarding issues and costs, the state legislature rejected the use of the Milwaukee-built Talgo trainsets which featured lower boarding. Litigation relating to that decision has yet to be resolved, but to-date the state has paid over $50 million for trains it does not own and cannot use. Still in use today are Horizon passenger cars dating back to 1988. If you’re still with me, the 2010 project cost was $0 and the final cost was $22 million. Ouch. Thankfully the federal government stepped in to cover 50 percent of the bill. Hiawatha Improvements Ticking off the recent improvements, secretary Gottlieb said “we’re not just standing still with regard to the service we provide on the Hiawatha.” Wi-fi is available on all trains now. Passengers may now also bring their bikes onto the Hiawatha without disassembly for $5. In addition, small pets are welcome aboard, including cats and small dogs. A number of summer pilot programs are underway, including the addition of late-night service departing from Chicago at 11:10 p.m. and a south-bound train leaving Milwaukee at 10:40 p.m. Kids 12 and under can ride free this summer on Friday, Saturday and Sunday with the purchase of a paid adult ticket. New locomotives will also be added to the trains in 2017, which according to Michael Franke of Amtrak promise faster acceleration and better fuel efficiency. Praising the station improvements, Milwaukee Metropolitan Association of Commerce president Tim Sheehy proclaimed that “great cities have great front doors.” Going on to push for more Hiawatha service, Sheehy stated “let’s add to the seven trains, let’s improve the track to pick up speed between here and Chicago.” How long will we have to wait for it to actually happen? Ribbon Cutting Photos Kinn Hotel Proposal Downsized Again Jul 13th, 2019 by Jeramey Jannene A $1 Million Fund To Support Northwest Side Startups Genke Plans Another Bay View Project Categories: Eyes on Milwaukee, Politics, Real Estate 6 thoughts on “Eyes on Milwaukee: New $22 Million Rail Concourse Opens” MidnightSon says: I popped up from Chicago on the Hiawatha Friday afternoon and returned Sunday evening. The new shed was a noticeable difference and a welcome difference! nice to have something near by to pass the time. I mean, there’s Stone Creek Coffee Roaster down there, but…. A welcome difference from the shed before. Hiawatha is an excellent way to get to Chicago for a weekend without dealing with the headaches of driving. Union Station in Chicago could use some sprucing up of it’s platform now. Talk about apocalyptic. It looks really great! Is there any alternative to taking the escalator to get across the tracks? Elevator or stairs? Bill Kissinger says: I pass through this station a couple of times a month and applaud the improvements, including an elevator to supplement the escalators and the overall bright and colorful design. I may be the only person in the world who feels this way, but it is too bad that the work completely obliterated the lovely concrete screen with offset porthole openings that used to be just SE of the main building and the extended platform to the West. Both were excellent examples of the mid 20th century architectural response to the adventure of travel. Kind of funky, maybe even a bit kitsch, they were nonetheless worthy of preservation. Such is the lot of much of mid-century design, too new to be thought of as “historic,” work from this period is often carelessly discarded without regard to design merit. Mark Weitenbeck says: Response to (3) Andy. There are both stairs and elevators besides the escalators. Tim Jorgenson says: From the looks of the Urban Milwaukee photos, there’s much to be commended in the new train shed at Milwaukee’s Hauptbahnhof. Regrettably, for all the simple splendor something was forgotten about the very moment when travelers board and alight from trains. Namely, judging from the photos, not one platform was built at deck level, at the level of the decks within the Hiawatha-service cars. Because the station had to be designed to accommodate Canadian Pacific freight trains passing through the shed, there would have been a need for at least one low-level platform adjacent to two ‘freight friendly’ tracks, accommodating the wider clearances of freight trains (and the lower, entrance decks of Empire Builder passenger cars). But one platform, perhaps two, could have been designed such that no steps would have been required to alight from or board Hiawatha trains. Entering and leaving passenger trains without the necessity of steps is faster, safer, and requires no special provision for accommodating handicapped travelers. Alas, for all the money spent, Milwaukee’s main station continues to fall short, when it could have so easily risen to the occasion of travelers entering or leaving Milwaukee via railway service.

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Loose Papers > No.8. Oaths and Affirmations Title No.8. Oaths and Affirmations Author / Editor unknown Minutes of the Syndicate for the Year 1941 No. 8 The 12th February, 1941 Minutes of the Faculty of Arts for the Year 1940 No-8 Minutes of the Faculty of Science for the Year 1940 No-8 Minutes of the Faculty of Medicine for the Year 1940 No-8 Minutes of the Senate for the Year 1940 No-8 Minutes of the Faculty of Law for the Year 1940 No-8 Minutes of the Syndicate for the Year 1940 No. 8 the 21st February, 1940 Minutes of the Syndicate for the year 1939. No. 8. The 21st February, 1939 Minutes Of the Syndicate For the Year 1938. No. 8. The 26th January, 1938 Minutes of the Faculty of Science for the Year 1937.No. 8. The 15th December, 1937

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Inspiration / Beyond Dortmund Beyond Dortmund, Germany There’s a wunderbar time to be had in North Rhine-Westphalia’s fantastically forward-thinking city of Dortmund. Whether you come for the football, the famous green spaces or something completely different, you’ll find a wealth of excellent activities to suit all tastes on hand. Cast your net a little wider, however, and you’ll find a whole lot more fantastisch things going on around the Ruhr. Simon Bierwald Stephanie Kroos Coming into its own in the days of industrialisation, Essen retains much of its hard-working character throughout its many districts. But interwoven into its streets is an architectural flare for the dramatic. Bauhaus buildings sit seamlessly alongside "beautiful" UNESCO-approved coal mines and slick opera houses stand proudly next to timbered old town dwellings. It’s a breath of fresh air and not only because it has been named Europe’s Green Capital for 2017. Should rain put a dampener on your day, busy yourself by paying a visit to one of Essen’s more artistic establishments. The Folkwang Museum is a fascinating and ever popular choice that incorporates all sorts of exhibits. Everything from fine art and antiques to propaganda posters and photography from throughout the centuries are displayed here, while the Red Dot Design museum puts modern products front and centre. If all else fails, simply take inspiration from the town’s name ("essen" – "to eat" in English) and indulge in a platter of genuine German fare — we hear a slice of pumpernickel with Pfälzer Spundekäs (a creamy, cheesy, quirky dip) is quite delicious. Glyn Lowe For a simple and surprising trip out of Dortmund, wind your way southwest to this much smaller city in the wooded Wupper River valley, where a lush carpet of green stretches out before you at every turn. You will never be more than a few minutes stroll from a pleasingly leafy public park to people watch, and you can always pick up a "pioneering" map from one of the tourist offices to get a more in-depth taste of the area’s history. The main reason to pay Wuppertal a visit, however, is the magnificent Schwebebahn — a suspended railway that floats nearly 40 feet above residents as it snakes its way above the water and through the woods on a 8-mile commuter route. In service since 1901, it has been copied numerous times by other cities around the world, but this original is still a sight to behold. Hop on for a 30-minute ride you won’t soon forget. A relatively young city compared to many of its neighbours, Oberhausen is a thriving settlement that has seen its economic and entertainment fortunes rise during the last few decades. Well known for its absolutely stellar shopping opportunities at contemporary locations such as CentrO, as well as more traditional trading outlets in the old market, the place offers a great mix of amusements that include cinemas, sea life centres and other attractions that the whole family can enjoy. The Gasometer is undoubtedly a must-see attraction — the only art exhibition space in a converted gas tower we can recall — because of the very cool views from its high windows. Couple this up-to-date attraction with the more picturesque schlosses scattered about the place (Vondern and the castle after which the town was named, for example) and you’ll have a jam-packed itinerary. Oberhausen was also once home to everyone’s favourite football predicting cephalopod, Paul the Octopus. But you probably already knew that. Assumulator A metropolis that combines the very best of old and new, Düsseldorf is a flourishing capital to which many other cities can only aspire. An outstanding music scene comes courtesy of homegrown legends like Kraftwerk, while the stylish art and media set keep things fashionable from the Rathaus to the Altstadt. The diverse mix of cultures in the city can be seen throughout the wide array of delicious dining establishments, and the roster of events grows ever more interesting by the hour. For a rewarding insight into what it’s really all about, head over to Königsallee (known simply as ‘Kö’ to those in the know) on a Friday or Saturday night and make friends with the ever-so-sociable locals. Wewelsburg Castle Natallia Martchouk An off-kilter choice though it may be, this imposing fortress to the east of Dortmund shines a fascinating light on the darker history of the region. It was once leased to SS officer Heinrich Himmler as a training facility for the organisation’s more bizarre cultish activities — pagan rituals, baptisms, occult ceremonies and other more obscure proceedings. Distinct due to its triangular shape, the 17th-century castle was earmarked by the Nazis as a base of operations that would one day lead to Wewelsburg being declared the "centre of the world." Fortunately for everyone, that plan never came to fruition and the Renaissance-built stronghold now houses a museum that displays both the absurd ideas and the abhorrent actions the party left in its wake. In addition, one of Germany’s largest youth hostels is located in its east wing. Beyond Warwick Cast your gaze across the River Avon into Warwick and afar and find more to this side of merry olde England than you might have first thought possible. Beyond Berlin The remarkable industrial architecture and creative microcosms of Berlin are something everyone should experience at least once. But when you’re in need of scenery a little softer, there’s a host of alternative options for both sightseers and story seekers awaiting beyond "The Grey City." Car Hire from Enterprise Our car hire locations provide an extensive range of vehicles in over 70 countries, with more than 7,200 locations worldwide. Don't miss an excuse to hit the road: our latest offers delivered to your inbox.

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« Saranac Lake seeks consultan... Harrietstown asks state to r...» Rabideau appoints Molly Hann to Planning Board (update) Save | SARANAC LAKE - Mayor Clyde Rabideau has appointed Molly Hann to a vacant seat on the village Planning Board. Hann replaces D. Scott Tooker, a six-year veteran of the Planning Board who resigned last month because he said he didn't have the time and energy to continue serving. Han lives in Saranac Lake and is an associate attorney at the Law Office of Erin E. Hayes, which has locations in Chestertown and Lake Placid. A recent graduate of the Vermont School of Law, Hann was a research associate for the Land Use Institute and took courses in land use planning. She has passed the New York bar exam and expects to be admitted to the New York bar in late January. Hann was a member of the Saranac Lake Area Government Restructuring Committee, a group of local residents and elected officials who looked at ways to reduce the overlapping layers of government in the area and ultimately recommended the village pursue becoming a city. Hann's parents are Mary and Marty Shubert of Lake Placid. "I've known Molly for many years and was very impressed that she recently worked her way through Vermont Law School while still living in Saranac Lake and caring for her family," Rabideau said in an email to the Enterprise. "Molly is passionate about Saranac Lake and making sure it remains sustainable. And, besides, I used to play poker with her grandfather, Hal 'The Iron Duke' Schubert on Wednesday nights in Plattsburgh and I know she comes from earnest and sturdy stock. She'll do a great job." The village Board of Trustees approved Hann's appointment unanimously at its meeting Tuesday night. © Copyright 2016 Adirondack Daily Enterprise. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.

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The Vital Flaw of Christmas Movies Over the weekend my husband and I watched The Christmas Chronicles. Husband had started it earlier and thought it to be a typical cliché Christmas movie, but Kurt Russell added a nice new spin to it. So we settled down to watch. And I eventually stopped watching after the movie inadvertently (or intentionally) insulted me. Let’s start with the basics here, because just about every Christmas movie ever is guilty of this: the outside view of the street on Christmas Eve. Every single house will be decorated for the holiday, sans the one house where the Christmas spirit is lacking. While I’m sure there are neighborhoods similar to this, let’s call out the elephant in the room: Not Everyone Celebrates Christmas! On a normal street there is bound to be a house or two that doesn’t celebrate, or only puts up a reef, or will be going to family so doesn’t bother putting up decorations. But, this is a Christmas movie, so we go for the full on cheer, and by default disrespect every non Christmas celebrating person out there. But, this is normal, we’ve come to accept this from Christmas movies (not holiday, let’s be perfectly clear because no other holidays exist, unless you’re watching Adam Sandler’s Eight Crazy Nights, so holiday movies doesn’t apply). So let’s jump to the next issue: Christmas must be saved or everyone will suffer! Here’s a wild thought, how about saving Christmas for those that celebrate it? Because while I may celebrate Christmas with my husband as an adult, Santa never made a dent on my holiday celebrations as a child. (Except for that feeling of being small and insignificant because my holiday didn’t matter.) My parents purchased my Chanukah gifts, end of story. Back to this movie. At one point, while the kids are starting to work together with Santa to save the day, he mentions how bad things happen when Christmas is ruined. For example, the dark ages. Hold up a moment! Let’s ignore the fact that we’re blaming the dark ages on Santa having a bad day. We’re now saying that no other religions matter. That no one who doesn’t celebrate Christmas matters. I will be the first to admit that the majority of people, at least in my country, celebrate Christmas. But there are people like me that celebrate Chanukah. There are people who celebrate Kwanza, or the Chinese New Year, or nothing at all. Or even another holiday that I’m not immediately thinking of, and my apologies for excluding you as I know it sucks to be excluded. These Christmas movies forget about us. Ignore us. And in the case of The Christmas Chronicles—insult our existence. Just once I’d like to see a movie incorporate us into their cheer. Heck, Santa’s having a bad day, why not have a bunch of non-Christmas celebrators save the day? Because the rest of you are already celebrating or rushing around for last minutes gifts and treats. We’re the ones with not much to do. This is why every year I say I’m going to write a Chanukah story. This is why this year I happen to have a solid concept outlined and even though I won’t have the chance to work on it for a few months, I’m going to work on it. And if I wrote screenplays, you can bet I’d be working on one of those. But I also know that regardless of the validity of my complaints, my ability to sell this novel will be challenging. Because the majority celebrates Christmas, to the point where they don’t see those of us who don’t. To the point where heaven forbid we say “Happy Holidays” instead of “Merry Christmas.” I digress. This movie insulted me and I started playing with my phone rather than watching, because the end all of Christmas dominating our world left the taste of bile in my mouth. To be clear, the movie did seem like a cute, cliché, typical Christmas movie, and Kurt Russell did seem to have a fun time in this role. But the wording, the acknowledgement, needed a lot of work. I exist. And even though I now celebrate both, even though my kid celebrates both, he still is taken aback by how little Chanukah is represented. Write your Christmas books and movies, please don’t stop. But keep in mind the rest of us and maybe toss us a little holiday cheer while you are at it. Because while you all are ringing bells and caroling and hanging lights, we sit in the dark corner feeling small, ignored and forgotten. Lydia link Yes, you should definitely write that Chanukah story. I don't celebrate Christmas either. The more examples mainstream western society has of other cultures and religions, the better. Thank you! I'm definitely fired up to write this, just need the timing to work out. I do have a few writer friends who are also working on Chanukah stories, so hopefully we'll have more, beyond even Chanukah, in the near future! Awesome. So glad to hear that. Laura link I celebrate Christmas but I agree that there is too much emphasis on just that holiday. I would love to see a Chanukah story. I hope to see your book in 2019!

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SCRUPEUS “The truth, nothing but the truth” ANTON KATZ › March 31, 2011 Why is America the ‘no-vacation nation’? Cover via Amazon Thinking of getting away? You probably have much less vacation than workers in other parts of the world. Employers in the United States are not obligated to offer any paid vacation Vacation is mandated by law in many other parts of the world Poll: Only 57% of U.S. workers use up all of the vacation days they’re entitled to Study: Working more makes Americans happier than Europeans (CNN) — Let’s be blunt: If you like to take lots of vacation, the United States is not the place to work. Besides a handful of national holidays, the typical American worker bee gets two or three precious weeks off out of a whole year to relax and see the world — much less than what people in many other countries receive. And even that amount of vacation often comes with strings attached. Some U.S. companies don’t like employees taking off more than one week at a time. Others expect them to be on call or check their e-mail even when they’re lounging on the beach or taking a hike in the mountains. “I really would like to take a real, decent vacation and travel somewhere, but it’s almost impossible to take a long vacation and to be out of contact,” said Don Brock, a software engineer who lives in suburban Washington. “I dream of taking a cruise or a trip to Europe, but I can’t imagine getting away for so long.” The running joke at Brock’s company is that a vacation just means you work from somewhere else. So he takes one or two days off at a time and loses some vacation each year. Only 57% of U.S. workers use up all of the days they’re entitled to, compared with 89% of workers in France, a recent Reuters/Ipsos poll found. Brock’s last long holiday was more than 10 years ago, when he took a two-week drive across the country. ‘Americans work like robots’ It’s a totally different story in other parts of the world. Nancy Schimkat, an American who lives in Weinheim, Germany, said her German husband, an engineer, gets six weeks of paid vacation a year, plus national holidays — the norm. His company makes sure he takes all of it. Gallery: Vacation by the numbers The American vacation debate Summer vacation for a bargain It’s typical for Germans to take off three consecutive weeks in August when “most of the country kind of closes down,” Schimkat said. That’s the time for big trips, perhaps to other parts of Europe, or to Australia or North America. Germans might also book a ski holiday in the winter and take a week off during Easter. Schimkat’s family back in the United States teases her that she’s spoiled. But when she tells Germans that workers in the U.S. usually get two weeks of vacation a year, they cringe. “They kind of have this idea that Americans work like robots and if that’s the way they want to be, that’s up to them. But they don’t want to be like that,” Schimkat said. “[Germans] work very hard, but then they take their holiday and really relax. … It’s more than just making money for Germans, it’s about having time for your family and it’s about having time to wind down.” No legal obligation to offer vacation So what’s going on here? A big reason for the difference is that paid time off is mandated by law in many parts of the world. Germany is among more than two dozen industrialized countries — from Australia to Slovenia to Japan — that require employers to offer four weeks or more of paid vacation to their workers, according to a 2009 study by the human resources consulting company Mercer. Finland, Brazil and France are the champs, guaranteeing six weeks of time off. But employers in the United States are not obligated under federal law to offer any paid vacation, so about a quarter of all American workers don’t have access to it, government figures show. That makes the U.S. the only advanced nation in the world that doesn’t guarantee its workers annual leave, according to a report titled “No-Vacation Nation” by the Center for Economic and Policy Research, a liberal policy group. Most U.S. companies, of course, do provide vacation as a way to attract and retain workers. But the fear of layoffs and the ever-faster pace of work mean many Americans are reluctant to be absent from the office — anxious that they might look like they’re not committed to their job. Or they worry they won’t be able to cope with the backlog of work waiting for them after a vacation. Then, there’s the way we work. Working more makes Americans happier than Europeans, according to a study published recently in the Journal of Happiness Studies. That may be because Americans believe more than Europeans do that hard work is associated with success, wrote Adam Okulicz-Kozaryn, the study’s author and an assistant professor at the University of Texas at Dallas. “Americans maximize their… [happiness] by working, and Europeans maximize their [happiness] through leisure,” he found. So despite research documenting the health and productivity benefits of taking time off, a long vacation can be undesirable, scary, unrealistic or just plain impossible for many U.S. workers. Little appetite for regulation Critics say it’s time for a change. “There is simply no evidence that working people to death gives you a competitive advantage,” said John de Graaf, the national coordinator for Take Back Your Time, a group that researches the effects of overwork. He noted that the United States came in fourth in the World Economic Forum‘s 2010-2011 rankings of the most competitive economies, but Sweden — a country that by law offers workers five weeks of paid vacation — came in second. De Graaf drafted the first version of the Paid Vacation Act of 2009, which would have required larger companies to provide at least one week of paid annual leave to employees. But the bill, introduced by then-Rep. Alan Grayson, D-Florida, in May of 2009, got little traction. Opponents said that it would have a negative impact on business and that the government shouldn’t get involved in the workplace in this way. “You would have had the idea that we were calling for the end of Western civilization. Comments like, ‘Oh, they’re going to make America a 21st-century France,’ as if we were all going to have to eat snails,” de Graaf said. “I’m in no way anti-capitalist, I think the market does a lot of good things, but the Europeans understand that the market also has its failings and that when simply left completely to its own devices, it doesn’t produce these perfect results.” But is more government regulation the answer? The debate rages on. Back in suburban Washington, Brock — the software engineer who hasn’t had a long vacation for more than 10 years — is finally planning a real getaway. His 60th birthday is coming up in December, and he’d like to do something special, maybe go on a cruise to the Bahamas. Will he be able to pull it off and get away from work? He’s still not entirely sure, he said. America’s Vacation Deficit (fpaforfinancialplanning.org) Tags: Alan Grayson, Center for Economic and Policy Research, Germans, Paid time off, Take Back Your Time: Fighting Overwork and Time Poverty in America, United States, University of Texas at Dallas, World Economic Forum Posted under WHY AMERICA WILL REMAIN THE GREATEST

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This Just In Health care: Small businesses facing new challenges If you haven�t already, you will probably be getting a notice from your employer about the new health insurance marketplaces through the Affordable Care Act. The notices, which are required by the health care reform law but carry no penalty if employers fail to provide them, are seen as just one more way for the government to get the word out about the marketplaces, which open Oct. 1. Herbert Egert wants to do the right thing by his employees, so he�s working on his notice. Egert runs a small group dental practice in Maryland that has long provided health care coverage to many of its employees. All of the practice�s employees who work at least 24 hours a week have medical insurance � two through Medicare, one through a parent�s insurance policy, and five who are covered by their spouses� plans. The remaining nine employees are covered by the practice. �We pay 85 percent of individual coverage, which works out to 70 percent of parent plus child, 60 percent for a husband and wife, and 50 percent for family coverage,� said Egert, managing partner of Affinity Dental Associates.Here�s Egert�s dilemma. The insurer covering his employees offered to renew the contract, which ends in March, by the end of December. Egert believes the early renewal proposal, which came with a 32 percent increase, was a move to keep his employees from seeking coverage through the marketplaces. �I think this offer is just an attempt to take advantage of Obamacare paranoia and that we will be able to do better with the exchanges,� he said.As a small employer with 50 or fewer full-time employees, Egert may be able to provide group coverage through the Small Business Health Options Program Marketplace, and possibly receive a health care tax credit worth up to 50 percent of premium costs. Egert doesn�t know what to tell his employees. They may do better in the exchanges, or they may not. Until open enrollment starts, people can only guess what�s best. �What do you think I should indicate in the letter to the employees?� asked Egert, who has been my dentist since I was a young adult. I told him to lay out all the options he�s considering for them. When I consulted government officials, they said the same thing. �Employers shouldn�t worry that they will be locked into any future benefits coverage because of this notice,� said Phyllis C. Borzi, assistant secretary of labor for employee benefits security.The Labor Department has created template letters that employers can use as a model to send to their employees. One letter is for employers who currently offer health insurance, and the other is for those who don�t. If the Fair Labor Standards Act covers your company, your notice should at least include the following:Information about the health insurance marketplace, where you will be able to shop around and compare plans sold by different insurance companies, should be provided. You should be told that, depending on your income and what coverage your employer offers, you may be able to get lower-cost private insurance in the marketplace.If you buy insurance through the marketplace, you may lose your employer contribution to your health benefits, if there is one.If your employer offers health coverage that meets certain standards, you will not be eligible for a tax credit. If your employer does not offer health coverage, your letter would point out that you might be eligible for a tax credit that lowers your monthly premium. If the cost of an employer plan that would cover you � not including other members of your family � is more than 9.5 percent of your household income for the year, or if the coverage your employer provides does not meet the �minimum value� standard set by the Affordable Care Act, you may be eligible for a tax credit.As I told Egert, just be up-front with your employees. If you aren�t sure what will work best, then say that. He�s got some time to decide. Open enrollment in the individual marketplaces begins Oct. 1 but doesn�t end until March 31. Regardless, Egert said he isn�t changing his commitment to his employees to provide quality health care. �Most of my staff are confused by and afraid of the ACA calculators that are out there,� he said. �I have already told my employees that we will play it by ear, but we still intend to supply insurance that is at least as good as what they have now.�Michelle Singletary is a financial columnist for The Washington Post.

2016-07/0000/en_head.json.gz/10390

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Primer capítulo de Inferno de Sherrilyn Kenyon Cuando la mayoría de los hombres decían que su novia los quería matar, era una tremenda exageración o extrema paranoia. En el caso de Nicholas Gautier, era una brutal y cruda realidad. Tan dura como una piedra. Especialmente porque la advertencia de que su chica era una asesina enviada a matarlo provenía de la misma muerte. La única criatura que estaría mejor capacitada para reconocer a un asesino... como decía ese viejo dicho, uno no discute con la muerte. Aturdido y entumecido frente a esa bomba inesperada, Nick volvió su atención a Nekoda Kennedy mientras se sentaba en su clase de química al lado del mejor amigo de Nick, Caleb Malphas. Por primera vez su ajustado pulover color crema no le hizo perder la cabeza. Tampoco la brillante sonrisa en sus labios. Labios que atraían su atención y momentáneamente distraían sus pensamientos... Si, bueno, realmente era preciosa, desde su cabello castaño, suave y brillante hasta la punta de sus botas de cuero rosas. Y que no lo hicieran pensar en sus verdes, verdes ojos que contenían un fuego tan brillante, que quemaba. Pero un hombre debía tener criterio, y no ser asesinado po su chica era definitivamente tener criterio. Desafío a las hormonas adolescentes. Entonces por qué se sentía como si alguien le hubiera dado una patada en los huevos cuando su sonrisa se desvanecía y la tristeza reemplazaba la alegría en su rostro? por qué lo lastimaba ver la incertidumbre que él le causaba? Soy un enfermo... Esa era la única explicación razonable. Ninguna persona normal y cuerda se preocuparía por no lastimar los sentimientos de una mujer enviada a matarlo. Excepto por Nick Tontito Anormal Gautier. Nick bajó la mirada al corazón rosado en el collar que le había regalado y que ella estaba usando, para celebrar su aniversario - y el haber podido escapar de otra aventura en la que casi pierden la vida. Era una muestra de cuánto la amaba, y algo que le hiciera saber que su vida significaba para él mucho más que la propia - que con gusto moriría para protegerla. Y aun así, durante todo este tiempo, ella había sabido que su misión en St. Richards era terminar con su vida. ¿Acaso no es una montaña de mierda? Le juro mi lealtad eterna y ella jura cortarlme la cabeza. ¿Por qué le sorprendía? Porque a pesar del hecho de que era mitad demonio, quería creer en la bondad de los demás. Que en el fondo la gente era decente. Incluso la gente que no era humana. Y mientras su mirada se fundía con la de ella, ya no vio el salón de química ni a ninguno de sus compañeros. Todo se desvaneció de su vista excepto Nekoda. Ella se veía tan dulce e inocente. Justo como cualquier otra adolescente hermosa. Nadie adivinaría que ella era cualquier cosa menos normal. Lo mismo con Caleb. Con su cabello y sus ojos oscuros, y con su contextura y rasgos perfectos, Caleb era un todo un chico rico americano. No tenía ningún parecdo con el demonio alado que en realidad era. Incluso Nick se venía normal en el exterior. Bueno, excepto por la horrible camisa hawaiana que su madre le había hecho usar a base de culpa. Lo único bueno de usarla era que era conocida por cegar a algunos de sus enemigos enviados a terminar con su existencia. O hacerlos reir tanto que le daría una oportunidad de acertar un golpe antes de que lo mataran. Y además era un repelente de demonios femeninos fenomenal. Y de mujeres también. Pero Nick era cualquier cosa menos normal. Sé lo que soy. Esa no era la pregunta. Él, al igual que Caleb, eran descendientes de demonio, nacidos y criados. La especie de Nekoda era la que estaba en cuestión. ¿Quién sois? No. ¿Qué sois? Él le había hecho esa pregunta muchas veces. Y por cada vez que la hacía, ella se rehusaba a contestar, y ahora sabía por qué. Lo que significaba que ella podía ser humana, diosa, demonio, chupa-almas, metamorfa, guardia sobrenatural... había tantas criaturas que había estudiado durante el último año que ni siquiera podía comenzar a adivinar sus orígenes. Por lo que sabía, era una caníbal fría y come corazones. Eso al menos explicaría el dolor profundo y amargo que sentía en el medio de su corazón. "¿Planea tomar asiento en un futuro cercano, Sr. Gautier? ¿ O debo comenzar la clase mientras usted mira al infinito con la boca abierta en el medio del salón? Sus compañeros se rieron. Nick dio vuelta la cabeza para mirar mal a la muerte. La famosa parca estaba parada al lado del pizarrón, donde había escrito su nombre. "Señor Tumbas." Estás demente, Grim. Totalmente. Pero solamente Nick podía ver la verdadera forma de Grim. Un apuesto hombre rubio en sus veinte. Incluso podía ver la guadaña de Grim que estaba asegurada con una tira de cuero que le cruzaba la espalda. Para el resto de los ocupantes del salón, incluyendo a Nekoda y a Caleb, Grim parecía un hombre de unos cuarenta años, petiso y bastante común, vestido con un traje marrón barato. Seh... Nick se reiría, pero la muerte podría tomarlo como un desafío personal y decidir ayudar a Kody a matarlo. Aun así, Nick no podía hacerse a la idea de Grim en el medio del salón. Era un día triste cuando la muerte no tenía nada mejor que hacer que hacerse pasar por un profesor suplente de química. No, no era así de fácil. Alguien en esta habitación estaba a punto de morir y Grim estaba en este lugar para jugar con su víctima. Nick podía sentirlo con cada parte de su ser inhumano. ¿Pero quién? Sabiendo que no tendría una respuesta hoy, le sonrió a la muerte, lo cual probablemente no era la mejor idea. Pero jamás dejaría que su sentido común frenara a su estupidez. "Por favor, comience con la clase.... Sr. Tumbas. Lo último que querría es interponerme en su trabajo." La muerte le dedicó una media sonrisa. "Chico listo. Sabía que se le podía enseñar." Nick notó la indirecta siniestra y la referencial al hecho de que Grim había sido su tutor durante este último año. El espectro le había enseñado muchas cosas interesantes, pero esos poderes tenían un mal hábito de volverse en su contra. Por esa razón Grim pensaba que era denso y estúpido. Pero él no era nada de eso. Él era rápido y notaba cosas que el resto de la gente pasaba por alto. Incluyendo el hecho de que Grim tenía sus propios planes respecto a Nick. Definitivamente no era su tutor por la bondad en su corazón negro. Nick todavía tenía que descrubrir la verdad sobre lo que motivaba las acciones de Grim, pero lo descrubriría a su tiempo. Aun así, la información sobre Nekoda lo desequilibraba. ¿Le creía a Grim? Especialmente sabiendo que Grim era un agitador. Grim podía estar mintiendo solo para causar problemas. Confiá en ella más que en la muerte. Ella había peleado a su lado infinitas veces y había salvado su vida. Y aun así...escuchaba la voz de Ambrose en su cabeza advirtiéndole que todavía tenía que pasar por las traiciones que algún día causarían su muerte. Y la de su madre. Con ese pensamiento causándole náuseas, Nick se sentó entre Nekoda y Caleb. Nekoda se estiró para tocar su mano. "¿Estás bien?" Nick deslizó su mano lejos de la de ella. "Si, claro. ¿Por qué no estaría bien?" Abrió su mochila para sacar los libros que necesitaba para esta clase, pero se detuvo al verla fruncir el ceño por el rabillo del ojo. ¿Me vas a saltar a la yugular un dia de estos, Kody? ¿Después de haber pasado tantas cosas juntos? Esa era la pregunta que quería hacerle. Pero no había necesidad de meterse en este tema mientras estaban en clase. La reputación que tenía en la escuela era tan mala que tendría que usar un tractor lleno de dinamita para llegar aun más bajo. Lo último que necesitaba era acusar públicamente a su novia de ser un demonio maligno enviado a terminar con su vida. Ya es suficientemente malo que piensen que soy un criminal y una basura. No hay necesidad de hacerles pensar que también estoy loco. Él abrió su libro y trató de concentrarse en las palabras que habían perdido todo sentido. Deberías dejar la escuela y olvidarte de toda esta mierda. No era como si la escuela pudiera enseñarle algo que fuera a necesitar en la vida real. Definitivamente no le iba a enseñar como sobrevivir a los predadores que seguían viniendo por él. Cómo evitar todas las trampas sobrenaturales que lo esperaban... Nick apretó el puño mientras lo asaltaba un terrible deseo de decirle al director dónde meterse esta currícula inservible. No puedo hacer eso. Le rompería el corazón a su madre. Y sería marcado como un perdedor por todos... y también por sí mismo. Si Caleb podía sufrir las indignaciones, molestias, y aburrimiento de la escuela secundaria quejándose una o dos veces por hora, él también podía hacerlo. Y, a diferencia de Caleb, no había vivido la historia y las lecciones que le estaban enseñando ahora. Para Nick, la mayoría de estas cosas eran nuevas. ¿Qué pasa Nick? ¿Por qué de repente estás enojado conmigo? Él miró de reojo a Nekoda quien le había enviado la pregunta telepáticamente. Había pensado en no responderle, pero ella era la única que podía escucharlo por este medio. ¿Quién sois, Kody? Esta vez no era una pregunta, él le demandaba una respuesta. Ella desvió la mirada. Sabes que no puedo decírtelo. Si, puedes. Solo que no querés hacerlo y ese es el problema. Ella suspiró cansada. ¿Por qué volveis otra vez al mismo tema? Porque hace unos minutos me enteré de la verdad. Estás acá para matarme. Se puso blanca como una hoja, confirmando la predicción de Grim respecto a ella. La rabia lo atravesó tan rápido y furiosamente que podía saborearla. ¿Acaso vas a negarlo? Ella dudó antes de contestar. ¿Qué quieres que te diga? Quiero la verdad, Kody. Los ojos se le llenaron de lágrimas y desvió la mirada lejos de él. Durante un momento se sintió mal por causarle dolor, y luego se sintió estúpido por esa emoción. Qué clase de idiota se preocupaba por hacer sentir mal a la persona que había sido enviada para terminar con su vida? Nick Gautier. Idiota. Tonto. Mal vestido. Perdedor de primera. Kody volvió a tocar su mano. La única verdad que debería importarte es que me importas. Mucho. Mucho. Sí, claro. ¿Qué clase de chamuyo era ese? Iba cabeza a cabeza con "Tiene una gran personalidad" o, mejor aun, "mejor seamos solo amigos." Nick entrecerró los ojos, tratando de ver la verdad en sus emociones. ¿Realmente sentía algo por él o era solo una buena actriz? Estás acá para matarme... ¿Si o no? Ella retiró su mano. No es tan simple. Él la miró con la boca abierta. ¿Lo decía en serio? "¿Qué podría ser más simple que eso?" Cada cabeza en el salón se dio vuelta para mirarlo. Nick sintió como se le encendía la cara. Ah sí, como si la pubertad no fuera lo suficientemente embarazosa. Ahora también gritaba en el medio de la clase sin razón aparente. "¿Estás canalizando espíritus otra vez Gautier?" Stone Blackmore - Jefe de los idiotas deportistas- preguntó. "Nah," dijo Mason, el mejor amigo de Stone. "Probablemente es algún tipo de desorden mental, como Tourette de los barrios bajos." Todos se rieron a carcajadas. Avergonzado y enojado, Nick taladró con la mirada al ente no pensante que bien llebava el nombre de Stone, porque era tan inteligente como una piedra cualquiera... sin ofender a las piedras. Grim arqueó la ceja. "¿Está usted en el medio de algún problema personal? ¿Debería darle un pase para ir al consejero?" Nick tuvo que tragarse las ganas de responderle a su mentor con un insulto, pero solamente un tonto hacía enojar a la muerte. Y si había algo que Nick había aprendido durante el último año era que la muerte no tenía sentido del humor, y especialmente cuando él era el remate de la broma. "No, fue un espasmo momentáneo de mandíbula." "Entonces le sugiero que trate de controlar sus funciones corporales en un futuro." La muerte se dio vuelta hacia el pizarrón. Nick apretó los dientes. Este no era ni el momento ni el lugar para esto y él lo sabía. Nunca había sido fanático del drama, después de todo. Hablemos de esto más tarde. Kody se paralizó. Bien. No quiero volver a hablar de esto. Claro que no. Justo él había encontrado a la única mujer en el universo que no quería hablar sobre sus sentimientos o su relación. La única que quería dejas las cosas como estaban y mantener el status quo. ¿Estás bien? Suspirando, Nick le asintió a Caleb. Si no dejaban de hablarle mentalmente, pronto iba a parecer que estaba loco. Peor, Caleb se estiró hacia adelante y miró a Kody intensamente. Genial. Ahora ellos dos estaban hablando mentalmente y él no podía escucharlos. Nick pasó su mano por su cabello mientras daba rienda suelta a su ira. Era tan fiera, que le hacía zumbar los oidos. Durante las últimas semanas había notado que era cada vez más rápido para enojarse. Aunque siempre le había costado manejar su mal carácter. Demasiado rápido para enojarse, demasiado lento para calmarse. Esa era la razón por la que trataba de relajarse y dejar que las cosas le resbalaran. La razón por la que intentaba que las cosas no le importaran demasiado. Aun así, de un tiempo a esta parte, incluso las cosas más pequeñas lo irritaban. ¿Sería el demonio que ganaba fuerza? Su futuro yo, Ambrose, le había advertido más de una vez sobre dejar que su caracter lo gobernara. Normalmente era Kody quien lo calmaba cuando tenía estos cambios de humor. Si... hoy no. Hoy, la sola mención de su nombre le prendía fuego a su furia. Se sentía al límite y más cerca de perder la calma de lo que jamás había estado. Excepto por aquellas veces en las que verdaderamente había perdido la calma. Vamos, clase, termina de una vez. Realmente necesito un recreo. ¿Por qué no podía tener el poder de la manipulación espacio-tiempo? Según le había dicho Ambrose ese era el único poder que nunca poseería. Salvo que lo robara de alguien más. Por supuesto, tenía el poder de la persuación. Ese era el único que le funcionaba la mayoría del tiempo... pero no con la muerte. Maldito seas por enseñar esta clase. Se sentía como una tortura, y no precisamente como la usual tortura mi-clase-es-demasiado-larga a la que estaba acostumbrado. "¿Lo estoy aburriendo Sr. Gautier?" Nick parpadeó al darse cuenta de que Grim le estaba hablando. Eligió ignorar las risas y los comentarios incidiosos de sus compañeros que se divertían tan fácilmente, como la mayoría de las criaturas que no pensaban, por su falta de atención. "¿Disculpe?" "Estábamos repasando la tabla periódica. Le pregunté, con esta cuatro veces, qué es r-u y a qué categoría pertecene y cuál es su peso atómico." Como si lo supiera. ¿Quién en su sano juicio...? El pensamiento se esfumó mientras la respuesta surgió en su mente. "Ruthenium. Es un mental de transición poco común. El número atómico es 44 y su peso 101,07. Se derrite a los 2334 grados celcius y 4233 fahrenheit y tiene un punto de ebullición de 7502 grados fahrenheit. ¿Algo más que quiera saber sobre ese elemento?" Esperen... ¿acaso entendía algo de todo eso? Curiosamente, si. ¿Pero cómo? ¿Sería otro poder que iba y venía, y nunca funcionaría correctamente? Grim asintió con una molesta luz de respeto en sus ojos. "Así que puede aprender por ósmosis." Esa era una teoría. Porque no había otra forma de explicar cómo sabía algo que no podía recordar haber visto jamás. Tenía que habérsele metido por la piel mientras dormía sobre su libro de química. Eso tenía sentido para él. "Aparentemente." "Siempre supe que eras un bicho raro, Gautier," Stone susurró. El temperamento de Nick explotó. Y también lo hizo Stone. Un segundo se estaba burlando de Nick y al siguiente su camisa se prendió fuego. Nick saltó sorprendido al igual que Caleb y el resto de la clase. Algunas de las chicas gritaron y corrieron hacia la puerta mientras Grim se mantuvo al margen con un brillo malévolo de esperanza en sus ojos muertos. Brynna Addams agarró el extinguidor de la pared y trató de usarlo. Nick corrió hacia ella y le extendió la mano para que ella se lo pasara. Dada la inclinación que tenía su viejo horno a causar una combustión espontánea cada vez que lo usaban, Nick tenía mucha experiencia con ellos. Brynna se lo dio sin preguntar. Nick rápidamente se movió hacia donde estaba Stone y lo roció con todo lo que había. Humo blanco llenó la habitación, y no fue hasta que el fuego se extinguió que Nick se dio cuenta de lo equivocado que había estado en el pasado. Creo que en verdad apagaría el fuego si te estuvieras quemando, Stone. ¿Quién lo habría adivinado? Traducción de Mariana Agnelli para Rito de Sangre Etiquetas: noticias, Serie Las Crónicas de Nick, Sherrilyn Kenyon

2018-30/0000/es_middle.json.gz/4058

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Edito - 20 décembre 2016 Noël au Balcon (du Jura…) Qu’est-ce que tu veux pour ton petit noël, me dit mon cher et tendre par-dessus la salade de carottes finement râpée ? Je regarde à la ronde autour de moi ; je suis bien seule dans la pièce… moi ? Euh… ben… faut que je réfléchisse, dis-je en vitesse avant de sortir le « rien » qui me saute à la langue. C’est vrai que je pourrais m’en offrir des choses avec toutes ces offres mirobolantes que je reçois chaque jour dans ma boîte mail, sur ma tablette et sur mon téléphone portable… en cliquant sur « non » ou « non merci » (l’option « va te faire voir » n’étant pas encore banalisée) je me dis chaque fois que j’économise des fortunes, et je comptabilise… Aujourd’hui par exemple, j’ai économisé une voiture à 22’000 frs, hier un grand écran à 2’000 frs, avant hier un robot ménager à 4’000 frs… je me sens incroyablement riche de tout ce dont je n’ai pas besoin… Jouissif aussi le plaisir de contourner l’offre et de la trouver d’occasion (si je veux) ailleurs. Avez-vous remarqué que cette année, les commerçants sont tellement aux abois qu’ils proposent même (je l’ai vu sur les manchettes des journaux) de n’offrir que des cadeaux de seconde main ? Tu pousses le bouchon un peu loin Maurice… Noël… chaque année c’est la grande bagarre de ceux qui sont pour et ceux qui sont contre… La litanie culpabilisante (noooon, pas du foie gras quand on voit comment ces pauvres bêtes sont traitées !) qui reprendra telle quelle à Pâques (noooon, pas de lapin en chocolat, tu as vu combien ils le font au kilo ?), bref, tout ça pour dire que moi, j’aime bien Noël, pour la raison suivante (comme dirait ma belle-mère), que en cette période de frénésie fiévreuse, j’ai l’impression, pendant de très courts instants ponctuels, que « quelque chose » flotte dans l’air qui ressemble à de l’amour et à un désir de bonne volonté… Bon, soyons sérieux, pour mon petit noël, je voudrais… que l’équipe soudée du Cinéma Royal – que je remercie au passage pour le travail immense accompli pendant l’année – ne change pas d’un iota… Que notre adorable gérante, Adeline Stern, continue à nous trouver des films géniaux, à nous proposer des événements hors du commun, et à partager régulièrement bon petits plats et verres de l’amitié, bref, tout ce qui fait du Cinéma Royal de Sainte-Croix un endroit hors du commun. Et je sais ce que je dis, la grande voyageuse que je suis n’ayant jamais vu l’équivalent sur aucun des autres continents. Cette fin d’année, comme toutes les autres depuis que je vis ici (donc depuis longtemps), il y aura une sélection de films pour tous les goûts. Depuis l’impressionnant et très intelligent Sully, jusqu’à Aquarius, en passant par Le confessioni, Louise en Hiver et même une Star Wars Story (demandez le programme !). En fait, moi, pour mon petit noël, ce que je voudrais c’est tout simple c’est… du temps, entre autres pour aller voir tout ça, voilà ! Alors, joyeuses fêtes à tous, bonne et heureuse année 2017 et… Bons films ! Lu 670 fois Dernière modification le lundi, 09 janvier 2017 12:59 Publié dans Editos Télécharger les pièces jointes : Le programme complet de fin d'année en PDF (1137 Téléchargements) Programme complet du mois de janvier en PDF (917 Téléchargements) Dernier de Nicolas Pearl (Reprise exceptionnelle !) Green Book (VOst) Reprise exceptionnelle ! Programme complet du 6 au 31 mars 2019 The Wife (VOst) Plus dans cette catégorie : « Edito - 3 novembre 2016 Edito - 13 janvier 2017 »

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Archivo mensual: octubre 2018 Recursos web para el desarrollo del aprendizaje de las matemáticas Publicado el 24 octubre, 2018 por CEIP Las Cortes http://www.elabueloeduca.com/index.html . La página de “El abuelo educa” es general para todos los aprendizajes y es un método didáctico práctico, basado en el entretenimiento y la diversión, para enseñar y aprender jugando. http://www.elabueloeduca.com/aprender/matematicas/index_matematicas.html para acceder directamente a las matemáticas. http://miclase.wordpress.com … Sigue leyendo → Publicado en Matemáticas, Recursos didácticos | Comentarios Desactivados en Recursos web para el desarrollo del aprendizaje de las matemáticas « Oct Ene »

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By Way Of Contradiction I recently bought a new card game, called Hanabi, and I strongly recommend it. At the time of writing this, you can get it for $10.42 on amazon. The thing that sets this aside from most card games is that it is completely cooperative. The thing that sets it aside from most cooperative games is that there is hidden information, so it is not just a single player game in disguise. The basic idea is that 2 to 5 players each have a hand of 4 to 5 cards that they hold backwards. Each player can see all cards in other players hands, but not the cards in their own hands. Players take turns playing cards, discarding cards, or giving hints about other players’ cards. If you attempt to play an invalid card, you get a strike. In the end everyone’s score is the total number of valid cards played. The game plays well for 2 to 5 players, but is rather difficult for 2 players. My wife and I got a perfect game on one of the easier difficulty levels, but have not yet done so on the hardest difficulty level. I am convinced that a sufficiently well designed convention can win almost always. So far the game has been a hit with everyone I have introduced it to, and a couple people decided to buy it after playing their first game. bwoc Logic Puzzle: 5, 5, 7, 7 = 181 If you have not already solved the puzzle “One, Two, Three,” you should solve that one first. It is a warm-up for this one. Using the numbers 5 and 7, each twice, and the combining them using addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, exponentiation, square root, factorial, unary negation, and/or parenthesis, but no base 10 shenanigans like digit concatenation, come up with an expression which evaluates to 181. The solution will eventually be posted in the comments, but if you solve it before then, feel free to show off. Read 3 CommentsAdd a comment Logic Puzzle: One, Two, Three Using the three digits, 1, 2, and 3, each at most once, and the combining them using addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, exponentiation, square root, factorial, unary negation, digit concatenation, decimal point, vinculum, and parenthesis, construct all the positive integers from 1 to 30. (Digit concatenation and decimal points only allowed on the original 3 digits. You do not need a 0 before the decimal point.) The solution will eventually be posted in the comments, but if you solve it before then, feel free to show off (even with partial progress). Read 14 CommentsAdd a comment Logic Puzzles (10) Math Trivia (4) Rationality (13) Logic Puzzle: More Simulated Dice Maximize Worst Case Bayes Score Logic Puzzle: Count the Flags

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Un camino desconocido hacia las ganancias en Internet (IV). Andinia.com es un nombre de dominio que identifica al buscador/portal que administro. Es un sitio especializado en los deportes extremos y de aventuras. Dicho nombre resulta descriptivo, en el sentido de que sugiere de qué se trata el sitio, es breve (solamente siete letras), y además, como es un nombre propio se puede entender en diversos idiomas. ¿Sabe cuanto vale ese nombre? En el año 2000 fue tasado oficialmente en U$ 45.000, y a ello, por supuesto, hay que agregar el valor del sitio en sí, con sus miles de páginas de contenido y otros elementos. El tráfico es otro elemento de fundamental importancia. Tenga en cuenta que la cosas se ponen interesantes cuando usted logra más de mil accesos diarios a su sitio, y eso es lo que debe lograr. Hay muchas maneras de hacerlo, y se ha escrito mucho sobre el tema, pero creo que lo más conveniente es hacerlo deforma eficiente: si usted desarrolla su propio contenido y por consiguiente, más páginas para su sitio, solamente tiene que colocarle los datos adecuados en el encabezado de cada una y registrar cada página en los diversos buscadores. A los que trabajan en los directorios y buscadores les encanta registrar sitios que poseen contenido de verdad, y el hecho es que si usted registra cada vez más páginas, también aparecerá más veces y de forma genuina en los resultados de búsqueda de todas partes, y de esa manera logrará una mayor exposición. Esto, si se combina también con la generación de un nombre de marca a través de una buena campaña publicitaria online es una de las estrategias más sensatas que usted puede encarar en su empresa virtual. En la página http://www.andinia.com/cgi-local/buscar_productos/fs01748-programas-socios-rentables-sp.shtml usted podrá encontrar mayor información sobre este tema y cómo mejorar su negocio en Internet.

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EmpowermentPreis Universitätsklinken Die Ambulanz für Amyotrophe Lateralsklerose (ALS) und andere Motoneuronerkrankungen ist eine Spezialsprechstunde der Neurologischen Poliklinik der Berufsgenossenschaftlichen Universitätsklinik Bergmannsheil in Bochum. Die Ambulanz ist bereits seit 2010 Teil des Ambulanzpartner Netzwerks und ein wertvolles `Gründungsmitglied´. Die Ambulanz für Amyotrophe Lateralsklerose (ALS) und andere Motoneuronenerkrankungen der Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin war der Ausgangspunkt für die Gründung des Ambulanzpartner Netzwerks. Seit 2013 nimmt auch die Spezialambulanz für Muskelkrankheiten und seit 2014 die Ambulanz für Bewegungsstörungen – Morbus Parkinson der Neurologischen Poliklinik der Charité an Ambulanzpartner teil. Die Ambulanz für Motoneuronerkrankungen der Neurologischen Universitätsklinik Dresden, Klinikum Carl Gustav Carus nimmt seit 2014 am Ambulanzpartner Versorgungsnetzwerk teil. Die Ambulanz für Neuromuskuläre und Motoneuron-Erkrankungen der Klinik für Neurologie des Universitätsklinikums Jena ist seit 2012 im Ambulanzpartner Netzwerk. Im Zusammenwirken mit der Ambulanz wurden Teile des Social Designs des Ambulanzpartner Netzwerks entwickelt und in die tägliche Anwendung gebracht. Mit der Katholieke Universiteit Leuven besteht seit 2014 eine Kooperation zur Entwicklung und Etablierung von internet-basierten klinischen Behandlungspfaden bei der Amyotrophen Lateralsklerose (ALS) in Ländern der Europäischen Union. Die ALS/Muskel-Sprechstunde der Medizinischen Hochschule Hannover ist seit 2013 Medizinischer Partner im Ambulanzpartner Netzwerk. Seitdem wurden über 200 Menschen mit ALS, die an der MHH in ärztlicher Betreuung sind, im Ambulanzpartner Netzwerk versorgt. Die Ambulanz für Motoneuronerkrankungen der Klinik für Neurologie der Universitätsklinik Rostock ist seit 2014 Medizinischer Partner im Ambulanzpartner Netzwerk. Die Ambulanz für ALS und motorischer Systemerkrankungen der Universitätsklinik Ulm nimmt seit 2014 am Ambulanzpartner Netzwerk teil. Die Brandenburgklink Bernau ist Medizinischer Partner im Ambulanzpartner Netzwerk. Die Neurologische Abteilung der Klinik nutzt seit 2012 Ambulanzpartner für ein Überleitmanagement ihrer Patienten aus der stationären Rehabilitation in die ambulante Weiterbehandlung. Die MEDIAN Klink Grünheide ist ein Fachkrankenhaus für die neurologische Frührehabilitation und nutzt das Portal Ambulanzpartner.de für das Überleitmanagement aus der stationären in die ambulante Behandlung. Das Zentrum für Multiple Sklerose der Neurologischen Abteilung des Jüdischen Krankenhauses Berlin ist seit Anfang 2015 Teil des Ambulanzpartner Netzwerks. Das Zentrum für MS nimmt an dem Projekt “Digitale Unterstützung der spezialisierten ambulanten Behandlung im Ambulanzpartner-Netzwerk bei der Multiplen Sklerose (DUSAP-MS)” teil. Die Neuromuskuläre Sprechstunde der Neurologischen Abteilung der Deutschen Klinik für Diagnostik (DKD Helios) in Wiesbaden ist seit 2014 Teil des Ambulanzpartner Netzwerks. Die Neuromuskuläre Sprechstunde nutzt Ambulanzpartner für das Versorgungsmanagement ihrer Patienten. Schwerpunktpraxen Die neurologische Facharztpraxis Dr. Martin Delf im Gesundheitszentrum Hoppegarten ist Medizinischer Partner im Ambulanzpartner Netzwerk. Die Praxis nutzt Ambulanzpartner für die spezialisierte Versorgung ihrer Patienten mit Multipler Sklerose und die interdisziplinäre Spastikbehandlung. Die neurologische Facharztpraxis Prof. Dr. Andreas Kupsch ist Medizinischer Partner im Ambulanzpartner Netzwerk. Die Praxis nutzt Ambulanzpartner für die spezialisierte Versorgung ihrer Patienten mit Bewegungsstörungen und die interdisziplinäre Spastikbehandlung. Der Praxisgemeinschaft Neurologie im Tempelhofer Hafen Dr. Said Masri und Dr. Christoph Engelmann dient Ambulanzpartner als Unterstützung für die Versorgung ihrer Patienten mit komplexen Hilfsmitteln. Im Neurologischen Zentrum für Bewegungsstörungen und Diagnostik Dr. Martina Müngersdorf unterstützt Ambulanzpartner die Versorgung von Patienten in der Spezialsprechstunde für neuromuskuläre Erkrankungen. Ein weiterer Schwerpunkt ist die interdisziplinäre Spastikbehandlung im Netzwerk. Das Neurologische Facharztzentrum Berlin am Sankt Gertrauden Krankenhaus Dr. Elke Becker, Dr. Jörg Osterhage, Dr. Puzich nimmt an der spezialisierten Versorgung im Ambulanzpartner Netzwerk teil. Pflegewerk ist ein Anbieter ambulanter und stationären Pflegeeinrichtungen mit Schwerpunkt in Berlin. Pflegewerk ist seit 2012 Medizinischer Partner von Ambulanzpartner. Die Renafan Gruppe ist ein führender Dienstleister in den Bereichen Seniorenbetreuung, Intensivpflege und Service für Behinderte. Renafan ist seit 2012 Medizinischer Partner von Ambulanzpartner. Vivantes – Netzwerk für Gesundheit GmbH ist ein Krankenhausbetreiber in Berlin. Mehrere Senioreneinrichtungen aus dem Bereich Vivantes Hauptstadtpflege sind Medizinische Partner im Ambulanzpartner Netzwerk. Fresenius Kabi Deutschland ist ein führender Anbieter in den Bereichen Ernährung und Infusionen. Mitarbeiter und Ernährungsberater von Fresenius Kabi nutzen das Internetportal und die Dienstleistungen von Ambulanzpartner für die Verbesserung der Versorgung mit Trink- und Sondennahrung. Ipsen Pharma ist ein international tätiges Pharmaunternehmen mit eigener Forschung und Entwicklung. Zu den Schwerpunkten von Ipsen Pharma gehört die symptomatische Behandlung neurologischer Erkrankungen. Ipsen Pharma ist Partner in einem Forschungsprojekt zur digitalen Unterstützung des multiprofessionellen Versorgungsmanagements bei Patienten mit Spastik. Merz Pharma ist ein international tätiges Pharmaunternehmen mit eigener Forschung und Entwicklung. Merz Pharma und Ambulanzpartner untersuchen in einem Forschungsprojekt die Chancen der Digitalisierung in der komplexen ambulanten Versorgung.

2019-18/0000/de_head.json.gz/158

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My dear Swedish friends, May the Year of the Pig b... Russia brought to the occupied Crimea a million of... UKRAINE IS THE LAND OF TWO CHRISTMASES Russian Fighter Jets Moved To Annexed Ukrainian Re... 100th anniversary of the outstanding Ukrainian sci... Russia to deploy warplanes to Crimea amid Ukraine ... Japanese payment system JCB wants to enter Ukraine... Defense Blog: Satellite imagery shows hundreds of ... Parliament of Ukraine terminates treaty on friends... Ukraine resumes grain shipments from Azov Sea NATO sees biggest reinforcement of collective defe... Express train from Kyiv to Boryspil airport is lau... My dear Swedish friends, May the Year of the Pig bring you and your loved ones peace, health, happiness and prosperity! Season’s Greetings! 2018 New Year Tree in Poltava Russia brought to the occupied Crimea a million of its citizens December 28, 2018 The Russian Federation brought to the occupied Crimea since the occupation from 800 thousand to 1 million of its citizens. This was stated by the leader of the Crimean Tatar people, MP Mustafa Dzhemilev, referring to the data of the Mejlis, during a speech in the Crimean House in Kyiv. According to him, data on the population of Crimea are very carefully hidden. "There are some sources, I will not talk about them now, which give us reason to say how much the number of people in the occupied Crimea has increased," said Dzhemilev. “We have their plans for a sharp increase in the population of Kerch, Sevastopol. To what extent are they performed? They are even overfulfilled, this is also evident,” added the leader of the Crimean Tatars. He recalled that he had previously stated that since the occupation, about 500 thousand citizens of the Russian Federation had been brought to the Crimea. “When our compatriots came, they said that we reduced the number. According to our compatriots, there are from 800 thousand to 1 million there,” said Dzhemilev. According to him, in the Crimea, there is a very high mortality rate, which is 33% higher than the birth rate. “The highest mortality rate among the indigenous population,” said Dzhemilev. He told how the citizens of the Russian Federation are resettled to the occupied Crimea. “First of all, these are citizens of the Russian Federation - servicemen, employees of the interior, the FSB (the Federal Security Service of Russia - ed.) who have retired, receive a certificate that gives the right to purchase housing in the amount of 16 square meters per person. The state is obliged to pay cash to purchase housing. If there is a problem with these certificates in other regions of Russia, then in Crimea these certificates are instantly provided,” explained Dzhemilev. According to him, in the Crimea, especially in Evpatoria, Sevastopol, and Simferopol, housing is being actively built, primarily for migrants from the Russian Federation. December 26, 2018 (Radio Lemberg) December 25 has been celebrated as Christmas Day by Christians for centuries. Ukrainians, predominantly adherents of Eastern Orthodoxy, still observe Christmas on January 7. But Ukraine has a new, unified, independent and national Orthodox church. “Red letter days” (church holidays) will be very slowly moving from the Julian calendar to the Gregorian calendar. For now there are two Christmases in Ukraine, both observed as statutory holidays: December 25 and January 7. The Orthodox church in Ukraine had been illegally annexed by Moscow since 1686. Late in 2018, Orthodox believers in Ukraine recovered their ancient church and chose a leader from among themselves. It is called the Orthodox Church of Ukraine, and it restores the canonical authority of Constantinople and Kyiv that goes back more than a millennium. The man elected as primate of the Orthodox Church of Ukraine is Epifaniy, Metropolitan of Kyiv and All Ukraine. The completion of autocephaly – having a self-chosen head – will come on 6 January 2019 in Istanbul. That’s when Ecumenical Patriarch Bartholomew, the Archbishop of Constantinople, intends to give the tomos to the Ukrainian primate, Metropolitan Epifaniy. A tomos is a letter or book granting self-governing authority to a national church, in communion with the “first among equals” of the Ecumenical Patriarchate. The Orthodox Church of Ukraine intends to switch to the Gregorian calendar from the Julian calendar, but do it very slowly. “We will do it calmly, wisely, and carefully, because our work needs to unite, not separate,” Metropolitan Epifaniy said in an interview with Radio Liberty on December 16. Russian Fighter Jets Moved To Annexed Ukrainian Region December 26, 2018 (Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty) More than a dozen advanced Russian fighter jets have arrived at a base in the Ukrainian region of Crimea, which Moscow occupied and annexed in 2014. The Reuters news agency cited witnesses who saw the Su-27 and Su-30 fighters arriving at the Belbek air base on December 22. The move comes amid high tensions between Ukraine and Russia across the region, which were raised on November 25 when Russia seized three Ukrainian Navy vessels and their crews near the Kerch Strait, which connects the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov. Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov has said Ukraine was preparing a "provocation" in the area before the end of the year. A Russian Su-27 SM fighter jet lands at Belbek military airport outside Sevastopol, Crimea, in November 2014. Kyiv, for its part, has charged that Russia was building up military forces along the two countries' mutual border. President Petro Poroshenko has said Russia has moved "more than 80,000 troops, 1,400 artillery and multiple rocket launch systems, 900 tanks, 2,300 armored combat vehicles" and hundreds of aircraft to the area. 100th anniversary of the outstanding Ukrainian scientist Boris Paton On November 27, 2018, the outstanding Ukrainian scientist academician Boris E. Paton turned 100 years old. Thanks to his inventions, he is known all over the world. Its developments help to produce welding in space, under water and in various areas of medicine: general surgery, gynecology, urology, ophthalmology, abdominal surgery, neurosurgery, etc. For selfless service to science, outstanding achievements in the area of welding and special electrometallurgy in 1998 academician Paton Boris was awarded the title of Hero of Ukraine. Since 1962, Boris Paton heads the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, which was founded in 1918 by Hetman Pavel Skoropadsky. The Academician Boris Paton is the only head of the state Academy of Sciences in the world, who is its age (the day of Foundation of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine and the birthday of Boris E. coincide - November 27, 1918). He was born in Kyiv in the family of scientist and founder of Paton Institute of Electric Welding in Kiev, Professor Evgeny Oscarovich Paton. His mother was a housewife. In 1941, he completed Kyiv Polytechnic Institute and became an engineer. Paton joined the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine on November 18, 1958 and is the first person to have been awarded the title of the Hero of Ukraine. He holds a doctoral degree in technical sciences and is known for his works in electric welding. Paton's father, Evgeny Paton, was also famous for his works in electric welding. The first welded bridge in Kyiv, constructed under the supervision of Evgeny Paton, bears his name. In the early 1970s and 1980s Paton had advised the Soviet authorities not to build the Chornobyl Nuclear Power Plant. Paton Bridge is one of the bridges across the Dnieper in Kyiv, Ukraine named after its constructor Evgeny Paton. Built between 1941 and 1953, it is the world's first all-welded bridge and is also the longest bridge in Kiev having a length of 1,543 metres (5,062 ft). Traffic across the bridge was opened on 5 November 1953. Russia to deploy warplanes to Crimea amid Ukraine standoff December 17, 2018 (Deutsche Welle) The Russian Defense Ministry on Monday said it would "return" more than 10 warplanes to Crimea, according to Russian news agency Interfax. The ministry said fighter jets, including Sukhoi Su-27 and Su-30's, will be sent to the annexed Ukrainian territory as part of a "permanent deployment." They are expected to arrive by Saturday. The announcement comes after Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov claimed in an interview that Ukraine was preparing an "armed provocation with Russia on the border with Crimea during the last ten days of December." Russia's SU-27 fight jet is one of the types of warplanes headed to Crimea In comments carried by the state-run TASS news agency, Lavrov said Moscow would not allow the Ukrainian government to act on those plans, saying "they will regret it." But he also said that Russia "will not wage war against Ukraine." "We are not fighting the Ukrainian regime," Lavrov said. "It is Ukrainian citizens living in Donbass who are fighting against the Ukrainian regime, which has full Nazi and neo-Nazi characteristics." Last month, Russian warships captured three Ukrainian naval vessels as they crossed through the strategic Kerch Strait, detaining 24 sailors on board. Russian authorities accused the Ukrainian vessels of military provocations.

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Tampa Bay Rays TicketsTampa Bay Rays Tickets can be purchased today from Razorgator! A team that could be around for a long time, the Rays have plenty of youth, both in their starting rotation and on offense. The club has developed quickly under some great leadership up top and look to return to the Fall Classic this season. Tropicana Field is the place to be this spring and summer so get your Tampa Bay Rays baseball tickets today from Razorgator and enjoy baseball played with youthful exuberance the old-fashioned way!Rays Tickets and Schedule | Calendar View Mon Jun 29 7:10 PM Thu Jul 02 12:10 PM Mon Jul 27 7:10 PM Wed Jul 29 12:10 PM Tue Aug 11 7:10 PM Wed Aug 12 7:10 PM Tampa Bay Rays 2015 News and Updates 6/26/15 - Despite a few recent losses, the Tampa Bay Rays remain ranked first in the AL Eastern Division. They lost their most recent series against the Blue Jays 1-2. In the first game on June 22, the Rays got on the board first, with a run in the first inning. However, a four run sixth for the Blue Jays took the game from them. The Rays came back the next night to win 4-3. Asdrubal Cabrera hit a homer in the eighth to assure the win. The final game between the two went scoreless for eleven innings, until the Blue Jays finally were able to get a run in the 12th inning. The Rays next play three games against the Red Sox starting June 26, with tickets still available starting at $7. 6/19/15 - Tampa Bay Rays fans were shocked this week as their team's winning streak was broken. Not only had the Rays won their last four games, including an entire set against the Chicago White Sox, but they beat the Washington Nationals just one day prior to losing to them. Despite this, the Rays suffered a crushing 16-4 defeat during their final home match before hitting the road. It is unusual for Tampa Bay to give up that many runs, so hopefully this will be a sole occurrence in their season and they return to dominating on the field as they travel to Washington D.C. The Rays will return on June 22nd to play the Toronto Blue Jays. Tickets for their homecoming are already available starting at just $7. … more 6/10/15 - With their 32-28 record in the AL East, the Tampa Bay Rays are just 1.5 games out of first, behind the Yankees. The Rays have won seven games out of their last ten, winning Wednesday’s game against the Angels 2-4. Evan Longoria homered in the third, which gave the Rays the lead, and in the eighth, Asdrubal Cabrera doubled, which gave Steven Sousa Jr. a chance to take home. The Tampa Bay Rays host the Chicago White Sox over the weekend, and you’ll want to get your tickets to Saturday’s (6/13) afternoon game. With tickets starting at $22, you can bring a friend and relax at the stadium. The Rays host the Washington Nationals on Monday (6/15) and Tuesday (6/16), before going out on the road, so come out and watch your home team. 6/5/15 - The Tampa Bay Rays continue their series of away games, and they continue to dominate. Strangely, it seems the Rays are doing better than when they were on their own field. They have only lost one game so far: the opener against the Los Angeles Angels. The rays managed to score six runs in each of their other matchups against the Angles, both ending in victory. Before they can return to Tampa Bay, the Rays have one more short set against the Seattle Mariners. They have come out of the first game with a victory, but they will need to play hard to repeat that feat. Once the Rays do return, on June 9th, they will have a rematch with the Los Angeles Angels. Get your tickets now. 5/29/15 - The Tampa Bay Rays need to pick up their game. They’re on a five-game losing streak. Their last win was a week ago against the Oakland Athletics. The Mariners swept their series against the Rays. In their final game, Pitcher Chris Archer tied his career high 12 strikeouts, but it wasn’t enough to give the Rays a win. The Mariners shut out the Rays with a 3-0 final. The Rays’ 24-24 record places them in second place in the AL East, but they’re in sixth place overall. The Rays are out on the road until Tuesday (6/9), when they come back to Tropicana Field to host the Los Angeles Angels. Don’t wait to get tickets to these games. You can find great seats starting at $10. 5/15/15 - The Tampa Bay Rays are 1-1 in a four game series against the Yankees. In the first game on May 11, the Yankees won 11-5. The Rays came back the next night to win 4-2. The Yankees got on the board first with two runs in the first inning. However, the Rays had strong seventh and eight innings, bringing in two runs in each. David DeJesus hit a single to bring in two runs and tie the game in the seventh. In the eighth, Kevin Kiermaier had a walk, and with a single from Steven Souza Jr, he moved to third. A sacrifice fly by Evan Longoria brought in Kiermaier to inch ahead. The fourth run came from a wild pitch. The series continues on the 13th and 14th, with tickets still on sale. Prices start at $7. 5/8/15 - The Tampa Bay Rays have been just barely breaking even, winning 50% of their last eight games. Their most recent match, against the Texas Rangers ended in a loss, which brings their record to 15-14. While they have managed to remain in the positive, and they have maintained the number two position for their division, they need to up their game in the near future. Luckily, their recent slump has been in a long series of away games, and they are now back on their own field, their first set being with the Rangers. The first matchup saw the Rangers take the victory, but it was only by one point. If the Rays can warm up again, they are sure to start racking in the wins. 5/1/15 - In the top of the thirteenth inning, Tampa Bay Rays’ first baseman James Loney’s RBI single kept the Rays from being swept by the New York Yankees. The final score of 3-2 of gave Brandon Gomes his first win of the 2015 Season, and Ernestro Frieri his second save. The Rays are out on the road in Baltimore over the weekend, then they fly even farther north to Boston for games at the beginning of next week. They finally come back to Tropicana Field on Thursday (5/7) for a four-game series against the Texas Rangers. Tickets for the opening game start at $10, and if you can’t get out to the ballpark for this game, come on down for any of them over the weekend. 4/24/15 - With a four game losing streak, the Tampa Bay Rays sit in last place in the AL East Division with their record of 6-8. The Yankees swept their three-game series against the Rays, even though the Rays came out strong in Sunday’s game with two runs in the first inning. The Yankees overtook the Rays at 5-3. This weekend brings the Toronto Blue Jays to Tropicana Field with an evening game on Friday (4/24). Tickets are available starting at $12. The Rays have another game on Saturday evening, then Sunday afternoon against the Blue Jays. Get out to the ballpark to cheer for the home team, because they go out on the road following Sunday’s game. You’ll have to wait until Thursday (5/7) to catch the Rays in town. 4/17/15 - Tampa Bay Rays fans have plenty of opportunities to catch some great baseball in the upcoming week. This weekend, beginning on Friday (4/17), their rivals from spring training, the New York Yankees come to town for three games. Get your tickets starting at $29 for the Friday evening game. Unwind with a beer and hot dog after your long week. Cheer the home team on to victory! The Rays get one day off before they host the Boston Red Sox in the first of three games on Tuesday (4/21). Tickets for this evening game start at $29. Don’t miss out while the Rays are playing at Tropicana Field. Come down to the stadium and enjoy a great game of baseball. Put on your cap and glove and have some fun. 4/10/15 - Even though the Tampa Bay Rays opened the 2015 MLB Season with two losses against the Orioles, before shutting them out in the third game of the series opener. Jake Odorizzi pitched in his first game of the season, to give the Rays a 0-2 win. Logan Forsythe earned a bases-loaded walk in the sixth for the first run of the game, then Desmond Jennings had an RBI single in the eighth. The Rays are out on the road over the weekend against the Miami Marlins, then they travel to Toronto for a four-game series against the Blue Jays. Finally, on Friday (4/17) the Rays come back to Tropicana Field for a three-game series against the New York Yankees, one of their big rivals. Get your tickets now, starting at $34. 4/3/15 - The Tampa Bay Rays have wrapped up their spring training with a 13-12 record. They’re ready for the regular season, and they’ve named their pitchers for the opening series against the Baltimore Orioles. The Rays are home on Opening Day 2015 (4/6), and Chris Archer will be the starting pitcher in the afternoon game. There are still great seats available for this game, starting at $51. In Tuesday’s game, Nate Karns will pitch, and Wednesday’s game features Jake Odorizzi. Don’t miss these evening games of America’s favorite pastime, because the Rays go out on the road and won’t play at Tropicana Field again until Friday, April 17. The Rays still have to announce their fourth pitcher in the rotation, and it’s thought that Erasmo Ramirez is likely to join that spot. 3/27/15 - With a 9-9 record to date, the Tampa Bay Rays are hovering right in the middle of the pack in the Grapefruit League. They came up just short in their most recent outing, falling 7-6 to the Pittsburgh Pirates. Tampa Bay got a good inning of relief out of Grant Balfour, who is known for his fiery presence on the mound. “Happy with the way it went,” Balfour noted of his outing. “I really tried to stay under control and work on a couple things in my delivery.” Tampa Bay enters into the final stretch of Spring Training with games versus the Minnesota Twins and New York Yankees first on the schedule. Great seats are still available for Yanks vs. Rays on Thursday afternoon at Charlotte Sports Park, with prices as low as $44! 3/19/15 - The Tampa Bay Rays triumphed over the Toronto Blue Jays in Wednesday’s game. The Rays’ pitcher Chris Archer allowed one hit in four scoreless innings, and with four runs in the ninth inning, the Rays had a great game that finished at 9-3. Upcoming spring training home games include one on Saturday (3/21) against the Minnesota Twins. Tickets start at $12. On Monday (3/23), it’s the Pittsburgh Pirates, and tickets are only $18 and up. Thursday’s game features the New York Yankees against the Rays. The Yankees make Tampa their spring training home, so there’s a fierce rivalry between the Yankees and the Rays. Tickets are sure to go quick for this exciting matchup. Get in on all the action when you come out to the stadium to root for the home team. 3/12/15 - Florida residents are sure getting a good dose of baseball this year. Monday was yet another busy day of preseason games, including a matchup of the Tampa Bay Rays against the Philadelphia Phillies. The Phillies won 5-1, but players for both teams remain optimistic about the upcoming season. Chris Archer, the no. 2 starter for the Florida team, played for the first time this year and pitched a scoreless first inning. Next up for the Rays is yet another spring training game against the Minnesota Twins on Wednesday afternoon, which will be held at Hammond Stadium and is scheduled to begin at 1:05PM. The following day, they will be up against the Toronto Blue Jays at Charlotte Sports Park. Tickets are on sale now for $24 and up. 3/6/15 - The Tampa Bay Rays have a major advantage during the Grapefruit League games because their home city is so close to their spring training location. Alex Cobb took the honor of pitching in their opening game against the Baltimore Orioles. In the 2014 MLB season, Cobb had a 10-9 record with a 2.87 ERA, and his career ERA is 3.21. The Rays have home game at Charlotte Sports Park on Sunday (3/8) against the Philadelphia Phillies, and tickets are going for $36 and up. On Tuesday, the Rays host the Pittsburgh Pirates. With tickets starting at $10 and up, bring the whole family for an afternoon of great entertainment and fun. On Thursday (3/12), catch the Toronto Blue Jays. Tickets are just $19 and up. 2/13/15 - The 2015 MLB season is coming up, but it will have a slow start for the Tampa Bay Rays. They will only get to play three home games before hitting the road for more than a week. The Rays are lucky to have their home opener for their first game, however, so they can potentially build some momentum. They take on the Baltimore Orioles first, on April 6th. Tickets start at only $10. Then Tampa Bay's season will really get going on April 17th when the Rays return to play nine consecutive home games. There are plenty of opportunities to catch your team as the 2015 season begins in a few weeks, so be sure to seize the chance to cheer them on and show your support. 2014 Season 9/25/14 - Can you say “Wait ‘til next year”? Tampa Bay Rays fans are saying that as the team closes out the 2014 season on the road in Cleveland, a distant 19 games back of the division champs from Baltimore, and going forward without their homegrown ace, David Price, traded to Detroit at the August deadline. A number of Rays offensive stars had down seasons, including Evan Longoria, whose 22 homers, despite leading the squad, are below his career average; and James Loney, whose .289 average is 10 points below his season ending average from 2013. In Price’s departure, Alex Cobb (10-8, 2.75 ERA, 144 Ks) and Chris Archer (10-9, 3.33 ERA, 173 Ks) have become the Rays’ top pitchers heading into 2015, with Jeremy Hellickson and Drew Smyly on board for a full season next year. 9/18/14 - As the 2014 season unwinds to its close, the Tampa Bay Rays will need to start thinking about what moves they might want to make during the offseason, in order to get competitive for 2015. Surely one of the things they will need is starting pitching; after trading David Price at the end of July, Jake Odorizzi became the team’s win leader, with an 11-12 record through Wednesday’s games. Odorizzi is also the whiff king, again taking over for the departed Price with 171 strikeouts; while Alex Cobb leads the Rays’ staff in earned run average with a respectable 2.82 mark, sixth in the league. 9/11/14 - After looking like they might be able to reel in either Toronto or the New York Yankees, the Tampa Bay Rays have fallen back, and are now 5 ½ games in arrears of the “Evil Empire” in the American League East. The Rays are a middling 4-5 this month, with a sweep at the hands of the Blue Jays not helpful, though the Rays bounced back to take two of three from best-in-the-league Baltimore before splitting the first two of a three-game midweek series with the Yankees in the Bronx. This weekend the Rays will make their final trip north of the border this season for three with the Jays, who still have an outside chance at a postseason berth in the increasingly tight American League. 9/4/14 - It certainly looked, as late as last week, that the Tampa Bay Rays had a chance of reeling in Toronto and moving into third place in the very competitive American League East. However, since then, the Rays have dropped seven of 10 – including three of four to Baltimore, a split with Boston, and two losses to the Blue Jays – to fall to 15 games behind the division-leading Orioles, and five back of the third-place Jays. The Rays have six out-of-division games remaining this season – their final three home games of the year against the Chicago White Sox, in mid-month; and their final series of the season, on the road in Cleveland as part of a six-game road trip. 8/28/14 - Those Tampa Bay Rays, they just keep on keepin’ on. Moving to within two games of third place Toronto in the AL East, the Rays are just three games under .500 for the year, but need to hustle if they hope to have any chance at the wild card, sitting 7 ½ games behind Seattle and Detroit, who are currently tied for the second wild-card slot. The Rays, like the rest of Major League Baseball, will finish the season primarily against their own division, with a pair of series – against the Chicago White Soc and a season-ender against Cleveland – being the only six games not against division opponents. The Rays start a 10-game homestand against Boston, Toronto, and Baltimore this weekend. 8/21/14 - It is nothing but sweet irony, in his first outing against the club that developed him and turned him into a star – the Tampa Bay Rays – that Detroit pitcher David Price would throw a one-hitter…and still lose, 1-0. The Rays’ lone run was scored by Ben Zobrist, who reached on an error by the Tigers’ shortstop, then was driven home by Brandon Guyer’s triple, the only hit allowed by Price. Price, the former Rays ace, whiffed nine hitters en route to his eight inning complete game, becoming just the third pitcher to ring up at least nine K’s in a one-hit losing effort in the last 100 years. Alex Cobb collected his ninth win, allowing just two hits in seven innings of work while striking out six. 8/14/14 - Could the Tampa Bay Rays reel in the faltering “Evil Empire” New York Yankees? Just a few weeks ago, only the most die-hard Rays fan might have entertained such thoughts – but don’t look now, the Rays are just 2 ½ games behind the once-mighty Bronx Bombers. While the Rays are just 5-5 in their last 10 games (and 6-6 in the month of August), they have to be encouraged by their on-field performance; even though they haven’t quite gotten to a .500 record (two games under as of Thursday’s games), they have a better positive run differential than East Division rival Toronto, who at one point led the division. And, while the Rays have several teams to climb over in an extremely tight wild-card chase, they are just 6 ½ games out of the second AL wild-card slot. 7/31/14 - With the trading deadline looming, the Tampa Bay Rays pulled a three-way deal with Detroit and Seattle which sent former Cy Young Award winner David Price, who was long rumored to be on the trading block, to the Central Division leading Tigers, where he will join Justin Verlander, Max Scherzer, and Anibal Sanchez to form one of the American League’s most formidable starting rotations – one that could keep pace with Oakland, who pulled a blockbuster deadline deal earlier in the day. In exchange, the Rays will get a young starting pitcher from Detroit, Drew Smyly, who was 6-9 in 18 starts for the Tigers, with 89 strikeouts and a 3.93 ERA; also from the Tigers, infielder Willy Adames; and from the Mariners, another infielder, Nick Franklin. Smyly was the starter in Thursday’s game for Detroit, giving up four runs in five innings. 7/24/14 - Don’t look now, but the hottest team in baseball at the moment is…the Tampa Bay Rays. Once written off just a month ago, the Rays have won five straight coming out of the All-Star break, and seven straight overall, good enough to move them two games up on last-place Boston, and just 4 ½ games behind Toronto and the New York Yankees, who are tied for second place. The winning streak also adds some pressure to a team who will need to make a buy-or-sell decision next week, when the trading deadline rolls around. The Rays swept both Minnesota (three games) and National League contender St. Louis (two games) and have a chance to put even more breathing room between themselves and the rival Red Sox this weekend, which in recent years has been a battle. 7/10/14 - A little over a month ago, the Tampa Bay Rays were one of the biggest underperforming teams in all of Major League Baseball, stuck in last place in the highly competitive American League East Division. Now? They’re out of the cellar (albeit by one percentage point over Boston), less than 10 games behind new division leader Baltimore, and many of the trade rumors regarding ace David Price are quieting in the process. The Rays have won 12 of their last 15, and are set to host the suddenly swooning division rivals from Toronto in a key series this weekend. The Rays still have a lot of work yet to do, but in a season that tends to have ups and downs, at this point the Rays are riding a positive wave. 6/23/14 - It’s clear that the Tampa Bay Rays, by won-loss record the worst team in Major League Baseball at 29-46, will be sellers as the trade deadline draws near. And in that instance, probably the biggest name that might come up in trade discussions is that of starting pitcher David Price, who has been so instrumental in the Rays’ success in recent years. Price is still a top-rate starting pitcher by any standard, despite having just five wins against seven losses this season. Of his 16 starts, nine have been classified as “quality starts” (a start of at least six innings, allowing three runs or less); Price has accumulated an American League-leading 133 strikeouts, against just 13 walks with a WHIP (walks plus hits divided by innings pitched) of 1.12 (8th in the AL) and an ERA of 3.81. 6/16/14 - An interesting pair of news headlines – one routine, one rather unusual – featured the Tampa Bay Rays recently. First, the Rays announced that Grant Balfour would no longer be their designated closer, instead choosing to go to a “closer by committee” system of finishing games, said manager Joe Maddon. Although Balfour had converted nine of 11 save opportunities in 24 games, he also had an ERA of over 6, and had walked nearly a bqatter an inning. Off the field, though, the next story could fall under “odd news”: the slumping Rays bringing in a Seminole Indian “medicine man” in an attempt to reverse the team’s fortunes. (Unfortunately for the Rays, the attempt was unsuccessful – at least so far.) 6/4/14 - The entire baseball world reacted with the passing of Tampa Bay Rays senior advisor and coach Don Zimmer on June 4. Zimmer, who was 83, was one of the Brooklyn Dodgers’ “Boys of Summer” in the 1950s, signing with the Dodgers in 1949 and working his way into the starting lineup in 1954, alongside such names as Duke Snider, Jackie Robinson and Pee Wee Reese, and a year later being an integral part of the only Brooklyn squad to capture a World Series title. Zimmer would leave Brooklyn when the franchise relocated to Los Angeles before the 1958 season, but returned as a member of the expansion New York Mets in 1962. His final year as a player would be spent in Japan in 1966, after which time he bounced among numerous clubs as a coach, and in four cases – San Diego in 1972-73; Boston in 1976-80; Texas in 1981-82, and the Chicago Cubs in 1988-91 – a manager. Zimmer joined the then-Devil Rays in 2004 and spent the rest of his career in the Tampa Bay organization. 5/29/14 - “Sometimes you win, sometimes you lose, sometimes it rains.” So goes one of the quotes from the baseball movie classic “Bull Durham.” And in the case of the Tampa Bay Rays, it could very well be a walk-off. The Rays won three consecutive games last weekend in walk-off fashion, starting with a game-winning three-run homer by Sean Rodriguez to beat Oakland; then the next night, against the Boston Red Sox, rookie Cole Figueroa doubled home the winning run; then Figueroa scored the game-winner on a Boston throwing error. (The Red Sox had not lost back-to-back walk-offs to the same team since July 2002, according to ESPN Stats and Info.) On the other hand, a few days later, the Rays allowed Toronto to walk off with a win on a throwing error by Rays reliever Juan Carlos Oviedo. 5/23/14 - Talk about unlucky. Erik Bedard threw 5 1/3 innings of one hit baseball, followed by four relievers who allowed no hits in the remainder of the game – and the Rays still lost, 3-2, to Oakland on May 21. The lone hit was a homer by A’s Brandon Moss, however, the Rays had given up a pair of runs in the second inning thanks to a throwing error by Sean Rodriguez. In better news for the Rays, though, starting pitcher Alex Cobb has been activated from the disabled list; he had been placed on the DL in April after a strained side. The Rays have two other starters on the disabled list: Matt Moore, who underwent ligament replacement surgery; and Jeremy Hellickson, who had arthroscopic surgery on his right elbow and recently threw a short bullpen session. Hellickson is expected to return by the All-Star break. 5/16/14 - The Tampa Bay Rays got some bad news this week when Ben Zobrist, their versatile switch-hitting infielder, was placed on the 15-day disabled list because of a dislocated left thumb. Zobrist is hitting .260/.352/.364 with three homers and nine RBI; he also leads the Rays in runs scored with 24, just one ahead of teammate Wil Myers and two ahead of Evan Longoria. Longoria is one of a number of Rays who have a team high four longballs; no fewer than five players – Longoria, Myers, David DeJesus, Desmond Jennings, and Sean Rodriguez – have collected four homers so far this season. James Loney is the leading Rays hitter in terms of batting average, his 46 hits and .313 average are tops on the team. 5/5/14 - The Tampa Bay Rays have done much to improve their division standing to a 15-17 record. Last week, the squad won two important series against division opponents, the Red Sox and Yankees--on the road and in convincing fashion. Upon their return to Tropicana Field, Tampa Bay is third in the standings, pitted against other AL East contenders, the Orioles, in their upcoming series. Tampa Bay Rays tickets are only $6-8 to start against Baltimore (5/6-5/8). 4/29/14 - The Tampa Bay Rays are at the bottom of their division: earning an 11-15 record in the tough AL East. The Rays will have a heavy dose of inter-division play this week, squaring off against the Red Sox at Fenway Park—in their first meeting since Boston eliminated TB in the 2013 playoffs—followed by a contest with New York at Yankee Stadium. Tampa Bay Rays tickets start at $6 for their final two games against Boston (4/30-5/1), and jump up to $17 for their Saturday and Sunday bouts with the Yankees (5/3-5/4). 4/22/14 - The Tampa Bay Rays are 9-10 on the season, which puts them 4th in the tough AL East. The Yankees lead the division with 11 wins, followed by Toronto (10), while Baltimore, Boston and Tampa Bay are tied at nine. In their last series, split 2-2, the Rays snapped a four-game losing streak against the Yankees in one meeting and pounded them, 16-1, in the next. Tampa Bay will conclude their home stretch with a series against Minnesota, before heading up to Chicago to take on the White Sox. Score cheap Tampa Bay Rays tickets for their second game against the Twins (4/23) and their first game versus Chicago (4/25) for just $7 apiece! 3/3/14 - Despite losing their first game of spring to the Orioles, the Tampa Bay Rays turned things around with two straight victories Sunday (Minnesota) and Monday (Philadelphia). Showing Rays' offensive stock, Evan Longoria hit a two-run homer, while Grant Balfour made a blemish-free start with Tampa Bay after four years in the 6-3 victory against the Twins. The Red Sox better watch out, because with this promising preseason start, it looks like the Rays are coming for them in the AL East! Tampa Bay Rays tickets for Week 2 of Spring Training start at $40 against the Yankees (3/5) and $18 against the Pirates (3/8). 2/25/14 - Tampa Bay Rays tickets for spring training run $48 on average, and their first game against the Baltimore Orioles has a $19 get-in price (up from $15 last week). Rays fans will get treated to a special military salute at their spring game opener, with the delivery of the American Flag and game ball thrown by the US Special Ops Parachute Team. The Para-Commandos will present numerous awe-inspiring demonstrations you've got to see to believe! 2/12/14 - The Tampa Bay Rays are gunning to be top dogs in the AL East, with a talented starting rotation and a couple hard-hitters in the lineup, a postseason run for the fifth time in seven seasons is a viable possibility. Though the Rays bid farewell to many effective players, newcomers Ryan Hannigan, Logan Forsythe, Grant Balfour and Heath Bell are welcome improvements at their positions. Pitchers and catchers report for Spring Training in two days, with position players following 5 days later. The first day you can catch the Rays are when thy take on the Baltimore Orioles (2/28) in Port Charlotte, FL. Tampa Bay Rays tickets for this first spring match are only $15. 1/30/14 - The Tampa Bay Rays’ front office has been bustling this offseason. This year, the Rays are resolute on besting their American League rivals, the Boston Red Sox, for the division title. Score some Tampa Bay Rays tickets for Spring Training, at $48 on average, and get a head start on the season! The Tampa Bay Rays are one of the teams to beat in the AL East, finishing just second to the Boston Red Sox last year. Despite getting close in playoffs, the Rays let go of numerous players this winter: including, Kelly Johnson, Luke Scott, Sal Fuld, Delmon Young, Roberto Hernandez, Fernando Rodney, Alex Torres, Jamey Wright and Jeff Niemann. This exhaustive list has been revamped by promising rookies/new starters and the latest acquisitions: talented catcher Ryan Hanigan, Logan Forsythe, and Heath Bell. The bullpen will get a boost from fresh starters already enlisted, sure to be upgrades over the last rotation if fully healthy; these players are bolstered by two of the Rays’ bigger signings this offseason: pitchers Brad Boxberger and Grant Balfour. The outfield will greatly benefit from a full season by Rookie of the Year Wil Myers, as well as David DeJesus. Though they re-signed James Loney and Jose Molina, the Rays must still decide whether or not to trade David Price. See if this re-working pays off with Tampa Bay Rays tickets this year. See if they can exact revenge on the defending World Series Champs who beat them out in the ALDS this time around! 2013 Season 10/4/13 - Tampa Bay earned a division series berth after winning the AL Wild Card in Cleveland. The AL Wild Card game averaged $93, less than 1/3 the cost of the NL Wild Card game. ALDS tickets are averaging $160 for the give game series, up 19% in 24 hours.Entering the ALDS against the Boston Red Sox, Tampa Bay Rays World Series tickets prices are averaging $974, third cheapest of the eight division series teams. 10/1/13 - The Tampa Bay Rays were the final team in 2013 to clinch a MLB Playoff spot. The berth came after the Rays defeated the Texas Rangers in #Game163, the AL tiebreaker. Next up on the Rays postseason schedule – the AL Wild Card: Tampa Bay Rays at Cleveland Indians (10/2). The winner of that game will advance to the ALDS against the Boston Red Sox which begins at Fenway Park two days later. AL Wild Card tickets start at $85. 7/25/13 - After a slow start, the Rays have once again proved their competitive nature while doing more with less, moving into second place in MLB’s “Black and Blue” AL East Division. Now that key players (such as Evan Longoria) are back from the disabled list, can the Rays keep it up and lock in another postseason berth in what could be an historic four-way pennant chase? After sneaking into the 2011 playoffs on the very last day, the Tampa Bay Rays fell back a little bit in 2012. While in contention for much of the season, the Rays fell back to third place in the American League’s East Division, behind eventual division champ New York, and a surprising Baltimore squad. The 2013 Rays have some power to make up, as 2012 team home run leader B.J. Upton went up the road to Atlanta. After Upton, the power and the hitting will come from Ben Zobrist, along with an apparently healthy Evan Longoria, who has already etched his name into Rays lore multiple times. Aside from Zobrist and Longoria, four other players — Desmond Jennings, Matt Joyce, Luke Scott, and Carlos Pena &mdsah; all collected double figures in home runs last year. Pitching-wise, the Rays lead with reigning Cy Young Award recipient David Price, who won 20 games for the first time in his career last year. Returning starters Jeremy Hellickson and Matt Moore will have to pick up some slack from James Shields's departure to Kansas City, while Fernando Rodney established himself as one of the league's elite closers in 2012. Manager Joe Maddon is widely regarded as one of baseball's best managers, and Rays fans at Tropicana Field are hoping the boys can Rays the stakes in 2013. How much will Rays fans pay to see a game at Tropicana Field this season? Tampa Bay Rays tickets average $68 at home, some of the lowest-priced MLB tickets in 2013. If you're in Tampa and want to catch must-see baseball, check out these series on the Rays baseball schedule: Boston Red Sox, Detroit Tigers, New York Yankees, Philadelphia Phillies, and San Francisco Giants. If you don't care about the opponent, the cheapest Rays tickets average under $50 at games with the Los Angeles Angels, Miami Marlins, Pittsburgh Pirates, and Texas Rangers. Rays tickets on the road average the same as at home. The top road games in 2013 will be against AL East division opponents: Boston Reds Sox, New York Yankees, and Toronto Blue Jays. less

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FDI in retail: Sharma writes to CMs of Odisha, UP and Punjab Commerce and Industry Minister Anand Sharma has written to chief ministers of Odisha, Punjab and Uttar Pradesh seeking their support for early implementation of the government's decision to allow 51 per cent FDI in multi-brand retail sector. chandigarh Updated: Jun 22, 2012 11:56 IST "FDI in multi-brand retail will bring in investments, technologies and efficiencies to unlock the true potential of the agricultural value chain," he said in his letter. The government is trying to build consensus on the politically-sensitive issue after putting on hold the decision to open up the multi-brand sector due to opposition from several state governments and UPA ally TMC. In the letter, Sharma asked the three non-UPA chief ministers - Naveen Patnaik of Odisha, Prakash Singh Badal of Punjab and Akhilesh Yadav of Uttar Pradesh - to recognise the intrinsic merit of this policy and support FDI in retail. The government has renewed its efforts to forge a consensus on opening the doors to global retailers in the sector, estimated to be a about USD 550 billion market. It will also unfold immense employment opportunities for rural youth and make them stakeholders in the entire agri business chain from farm to fork, he said. On concerns about the impact of big shops on livelihood concerns of millions of small retailers, Sharma said that several studies have revealed that local retailers have found innovative ways to co-exist along with organised retail. Meanwhile, in an official statement he said exuded confidence that a "political consensus" will be arrived on the issue in the next few weeks.

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STYLO, BLOC-NOTES, APPAREIL PHOTO ET CARNET DE BORD POUR ENTRER DANS L’UNIVERS D’UNE ENTREPRISE ! L’Association Jeunesse et Entreprises, par l’intermédiaire des enseignants, sollicitent les jeunes à partir à la découverte d’une entreprise et à rencontrer son dirigeant et les salariés afin d’y construire un reportage pour la mettre en valeur : histoire, identité, fonctionnement, métiers, etc. L’action Reporter sensibilise les jeunes au fonctionnement d’une entreprise tout en valorisant leur expression écrite et orale par l’intermédiaire d’un reportage réalisé en petits groupes d’élèves (chaque classe est répartie en plusieurs équipes). L’opération entre dans le cadre d’un projet pédagogique d’établissement. La réalisation du reportage fixe les connaissances acquises et pousse à la curiosité. Reporter AJE met en avant les compétences entrepreneuriales et l’esprit d’équipe ainsi que le degré d’investissement du personnel rencontré. L’entreprise comme les jeunes font ainsi naître une confiance mutuelle sur les messages clefs à diffuser. Télécharger la brochure Reporters AJE 1ère étape : Un chef d’établissement ou un enseignant s’engage à devenir « pilote » de l’action pour une ou plusieurs classes. 2ème étape : L’entreprise volontaire nomme un ou plusieurs médiateurs que les jeunes reporters pourront interviewer en équipe. Ce médiateur intervient en classe pour présenter l’entreprise avec ses métiers, son fonctionnement ses particularités organisationnelles, son histoire, son développement économique, etc. L’entreprise reçoit à son tour la classe sur une demi-journée, avec un programme déterminé par l’entreprise suivant les grandes fonctions de l’entreprise (cycle de production et commercialisation, démarche qualité, développement durable, innovation, etc.). De son côté, la classe prépare la visite et constitue des groupes de reporters selon les articles à réaliser. A l’issue de la visite chaque groupe réalise un reportage écrit sur les éléments à mettre en avant pour valoriser l’entreprise. Les contributions sont mises en commun au sein de chaque classe qui élabore ensuite collectivement un reportage. Un jury local (bureau du Club AJE avec si possible l’association de journalistes locaux) se réunit afin de sélectionner le meilleur reportage, parmi les établissements participants, sur la base d’une grille d’évaluation multicritères (présentation, fond, forme, recherche etc.). Le Club AJE local se charge ensuite de valoriser les entreprises et établissements engagés dans l’action au travers d’une cérémonie (ou rencontre) et d’une remise de prix pour les élèves. Découvrir l’entreprise avec ceux qui en font partie. Réaliser des travaux d’enquêtes et de synthèses sur un univers méconnu. Responsabiliser les jeunes par des rencontres avec les dirigeants et responsables des fonctions clefs. Favoriser les relations de confiance entre jeunes et professionnels. Cursus professionnel, général et technologique « L’entreprise n’est pas un univers aussi éloigné que l’on peut l’imaginer. Rencontrez des dirigeants d’entreprises vous éclairera dans votre orientation professionnelle. Devenez reporter aujourd’hui, soyez acteur de l’entreprise de demain ! » 1600 jeunes reporters 70 reportages reçus 40 entreprises visitées 30 établissements d’enseignement participants Les actualités des Reporters AJE OPÉRATION COUP-DE-POING AVEC BIC Remise des prix au sein de la CCI de Cergy durant la soirée des jeunes créateurs ENTRETIEN AVEC DENIS KESSLER, PDG DE SCOR – « Il faut multiplier les rencontres enseignants-entreprises » L’ACTU DES CLUBS AJE Donec eleifend libero. Praesent sem, justo id dictum commodo elit. Curabitur sed

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SOURCE: Inside Higher Ed Middle East Wars on U.S. Campuses The Muslim Student Union has a full slate of activities planned for this week on the theme of “Holocaust in the Holy Land.” Among today’s events are a rally around the idea of “Hamas: The People’s Choice.” And if you missed the point of the week’s theme of equating Israel to Nazi Germany, there is a lecture/rally on Thursday called “Israel: the Fourth Reich.” Not surprisingly, many Jewish students at Irvine are angry. They are not calling for events to be banned, but have asked Irvine’s leaders to condemn the language being used as offensive and as a way to hurt Jewish students, not to engage in debate about Israel’s policies. Irvine officials are refusing to do so — saying that they can’t get into picking which campus events to disagree with or pick sides between the vocal critics and supporters of Israel on the campus. Irvine in many ways reflects the way debates about diversity and respecting different groups of students are no longer issues of black and white. A majority of undergraduates at Irvine are Asian American — and largely uninvolved in a series of Middle East wars that have taken place at Irvine for years. But campus leaders who have spent their careers focused on how to encourage black and white students to get along (and of course Latino students and at some institutions Native Americans or foreign students) are finding that they may have their biggest challenge with religious differences among groups of American students. (While there are some campuses where strong criticism of Israel comes from students from the Middle East, the students at Irvine and many campuses are American citizens.) Read entire article at Inside Higher Ed

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Organización y Estructura del Centro ¿Por qué estudiar con nosotros? Estudiantes Matriculados Plan de Acción Tutelar (PAT) Prácticas Clínicas Prácticas de Laboratorio y Simulación Trabajo Fin de Grado Materiales Docentes Plataforma on-line de idiomas Proyectos de Innovación Docente e Investigación Sala de prácticas de laboratorio Sala de simulación de técnicas básicas Sala de simulación avanzada de alta fidelidad Biblioteca y Sala de Estudio Área de recreo de la Escuela Instalaciones de la FJD Instalaciones de la UAM Garantía de Calidad del Título Procedimientos del SGIC y documentos asociados Comisión de garantía de Calidad Seguimiento interno Seguimiento externo | Sala de prensa INFORMACIÓN PARA NUEVOS ADMITIDOS ¡¡BIENVENIDOS!! Ceremonia del Acto de Clausura y Graduación del Curso Académico 2018-2019 Ayer 17 de Junio de 2018 pudimos asistir a la Ceremonia del Acto de Clausura y Graduación del Curso Académico 2018-2019 en el Aula Magna de la Fundación Jiménez Díaz. El acto contó con la asistencia de los estudiantes de la VI Promoción de Grado en Enferm... Hoy es el Día Mundial Sin Tabaco, nuestros estudiantes participan promocionando la salud Hoy se celebra el Día Mundial Sin Tabaco para concienciar a la población del problema del tabaquismo. Tanto la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) como la Asociación Española contra el Cáncer (AECC) y el Comité Nacional para la Prevención del Tabaquismo[...] CURSO DE CAPACITACIÓN PARA OPERAR EQUIPOS DE RAYOS X DE DIAGNÓSTICO MEDICO. II Edición 2019. La Escuela ofrece de forma gratuita para los estudiantes de tercer curso de Grado en Enfermería este curso, con el que se obtiene una certificación acreditativa oficial de acuerdo con la Instrucción IS-17, de 30 de enero de 2008, del Consejo de Seguridad ... La Escuela innova en su Jornada de Puertas Abiertas para el curso 19-20 y propone actividades prácticas La Escuela de Enfermería de la Fundación Jiménez Díaz ha celebrado el 26 de abril de 2019 una nueva Jornada de Puertas Abiertas II JORNADA DE SALIDAS PROFESIONALES Y EMPLEABILIDAD DE LA EUE-FJD-UAM| 29 de Abril El 29 de abril tendrá lugar una jornada importante para conocer todas las salidas profesionales y decidir cuál de ellas es más atractiva para ti. Además contaremos con especialistas y personas que nos contarán su experiencia en algunas de las posibles sal... Jornadas de información para el curso 19-20 Los profesores de la Escuela participan en el II Congreso Mundial de Educación "EDUCA" Celebrado en la Ciudad de la Cultura de Santiago de Compostela del 21 al 23 de febrero de 2019 SESIÓN FORMATIVA SOBRE GESTIÓN DE CONFLICTOS El próximo jueves 17 de enero de 10.00 a 14.00 horas se va a celebrar en el aula 3 una sesión formativa sobre gestión de conflictos para los estudiantes de 4º CURSO. CURSO DE CAPACITACIÓN PARA OPERAR EQUIPOS DE RAYOS X DE DIAGNÓSTICO MEDICO. Edición 2019. La Escuela ofrece de forma gratuita para los estudiantes de cuarto curso de Grado en Enfermería este curso, con el que se obtiene una certificación acreditativa oficial de acuerdo con la Instrucción IS-17, de 30 de enero de 2008, del Consejo de Seguridad ... II Edición del curso básico de Seguridad del Paciente para estudiantes de Enfermería El pasado día 13 de diciembre se ha celebrado la II Edición del curso básico de Seguridad del Paciente para estudiantes de Enfermería a la que han acudido, en dos turnos, todos los estudiantes de segundo y cuarto curso de Grado en Enfermería de nuestra Esc[...] Aprender anatomía de forma práctica: nuevos laboratorios de disección y estudio y diseño de maquetas 3D La Escuela de Enfermería del HUFJD-UAM añade nuevos laboratorios prácticos a la asignatura de Anatomía Humana de primer curso de Grado en Enfermería La Escuela de Enfermería celebra el Acto de Clausura de la I Promoción del Máster Propio por la UAM en Cuidados Avanzados del Paciente en Anestesia, Reanimación y Tratamiento del Dolor Estudiantes y sus familias, personalidades, profesores y Equipo de la Escuela celebraron este acto que académico que contó con una lección de clausura a cargo de Dña Teresa Plumed Los estudiantes de la Escuela participan en la II Jornada Día Mundial del Corazón de la Fundación Jiménez Díaz Junto a enfermeras y médicos, nuestros estudiantes forman a los pacientes en las mesas y talleres organizados con motivo del Día Mundial del Corazón en la FJD Nuevos admitidos: Acto de acogida 2018 El día 17 de julio a las 10:30h se celebrará el Acto de acogida para los admitidos en primero de Grado en Enfermería. Máster propio por la UAM en Cuidados Avanzados del Paciente en Anestesia, Reanimación y Tratamiento del Dolor Septiembre 2018 - Septiembre 2019 Máster propio por la UAM en Manejo y Cuidados del Paciente con Dispositivo de Acceso Vascular Septiembre 2018 - Junio 2019 Los estudiantes de enfermería participan activamente en las actividades por el "Día Mundial sin tabaco" El 31 de mayo con motivo de la celebración del "Día Mundial sin Tabaco", el Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz ha organizado mesas informativas sus accesos principales y en los Centros de Especialidades Argüelles y Pontones. Los estudiantes de e[...] Encuestas de la actividad docente del 2º semestre 2017-2018 SOLO HASTA EL 13 DE MAYO “Cuando eliges los ingredientes, te gusta más. Opina y haz la UAM a tu gusto.” La Escuela de Enfermería ha celebrado el 12 de abril su Jornada de Puertas Abiertas 2018-19 Los futuros estudiantes pudieron conocer mejor nuestro Centro y disfrutar de un taller-demostración de RCP básica impartido por estudiantes de tercer curso. Los estudiantes de la Escuela de Enfermería dan ejemplo participando en la XVI Maratón de Donación de Sangre de la Fundación Jiménez Díaz. El Servicio de Hematología ha celebrado con su Banco de Sangre con gran éxito la XVI Maratón de Donación de Sangre de la Fundación Jiménez Díaz. Encuestas de la actividad docente primer semestre 2017-2018 “ Cuando eliges los ingredientes, te gusta más. Opina y haz la UAM a tu gusto. ” Escuela de Enfermería de la Fundación Jiménez Díaz UAM19 de octubre de 2017 Los estudiantes de la Escuela celebran el Día Mundial del Cáncer de Mama mostrando su apoyo y fomentando el diagnóstico precoz. Se realizo la figura de un lazo que simboliza el apoyo ante la lucha contra esta enfermedad. La Escuela de Enfermería de la Fundación Jiménez Díaz - UAM inaugura dos nuevas salas de simulación: la formación es clave para promover y mejorar la cultura de seguridad del paciente. La Escuela de Enfermería de la FJD-UAM ha inaugurado una nueva sala de simulación intermedia y otra de simulación de alta fidelidad disponibles para el presente curso académico. Da comienzo el Máster Propio por la UAM en Cuidados Avanzados del Paciente en Anestesia, Reanimación y Tratamiento del Dolor. La Escuela de Enfermería de la Fundación Jiménez Díaz- UAM y el Servicio de Anestesia han inaugurado esta tarde el Máster Propio por la UAM en Cuidados Avanzados del Paciente en Anestesia, Reanimación y Tratamiento del Dolor. Abierto plazo de presentación de las Becas Generales del Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte: desde el 11/08/2017 hasta el 17/10/2017 Para las becas Universitarias el plazo finaliza el 17 de octubre. Información sobre las Becas para el Grado del Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte Ya puedes consultar los umbrales de renta y patrimonio familiar y las cuantías para el curso 2017-2018. La Escuela de Enfermería implanta un nuevo título: Máster Propio por la UAM en Cuidados Avanzados del Paciente en Anestesia, Reanimación y Tratamiento del Dolor La Escuela de Enfermería Fundación Jiménez Díaz junto a la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid lanza un nuevo título dirigido a Enfermeras para el próximo Curso Académico 2017/18. Preinscripción para el curso 2017-18 en el Máster en Cuidados Avanzados del Paciente en Anestesia, Reanimación y Tratamiento del Dolor “Este máster puede facilitar la inserción laboral en el Área Preoperatoria, Área Quirúrgica, Unidades de Reanimación Postquirúrgica y/o Unidades de dolor agudo/crónico entre otras”. Los estudiantes de enfermería colaboran como voluntarios en los actos de la Fundación Jiménez Díaz por el “Día Mundial Sin Tabaco 2017” El comité de prevención de tabaquismo del hospital universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz organizó una campaña con el lema “Imagínate libre, imagínate sano, imagínate con más VIDA”. Matriculación de alumnos matriculados previamente Ya están disponibles los procedimientos y trámites para la matrícula de segundo, tercer y cuarto curso de Grado. El Grado en Enfermería de la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid es número 1 del ranking de Universidades Españolas por Grado 2017 Repite en la máxima clasificación al igual que en 2016 La Escuela de Enfermería celebra el Acto de Clausura de la IV Promoción de Grado en Enfermería Alumnos y sus familias, personalidades, profesores y Equipo de la Escuela celebraron con emoción este acto tan relevante para los estudiantes Información para NUEVOS ADMITIDOS en PRIMER CURSO Aquí puedes encontrar toda la información necesaria para formalizar tu matricula si has sido admitido en el Grado en Enfermería Abierto el plazo de preinscripción en el Máster Propio por la UAM en Cuidados Avanzados del Paciente en Anestesia, Reanimación y Tratamiento del Dolor Debido a la gran demanda de información, la Escuela de Enfermería ha establecido la apertura previa del período de preinscripción. La Escuela de Enfermería estrena infraestructura informática. Se renuevan todos los puestos informáticos de las aulas. Actividad extraordinaria: Los alumnos de primer curso realizan una visita guiada por Alcalá de Henares en la asignatura de Historia y Fundamentos del Cuidado organizada por la Prof. Ángela González Hernández. Los alumnos de la Escuela pudieron visitar la ciudad que fue declarada Patrimonio de la Humanidad por la UNESCO el 2 de diciembre de 1998. La Escuela de Enfermería les desea Felices Fiestas La Escuela de Enfermería quiere trasladar a todos sus alumnos, profesores, colaboradores y amigos sus mejores deseos para el próximo año 2017. Los alumnos participan con gran ilusión en los actos realizados en el Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz para celebrar la navidad junto con los niños. Los alumnos de la Escuela aportaron diversión a la fiesta infantil anual que prepara el Servicio de Pediatría del Hospital. Únete a nuestros alumnos: Días 15 y 16 de Marzo, Maratón de Sangre en el H.U. Fundación Jiménez Díaz. Los alumnos formarán una cadena humana a las 13:30 horas desde la entrada del Edificio de Docencia e Investigación hacia Moncloa para fomentar la participación. Los jugadores del Atlético de Madrid repartieron regalos entre los niños ingresados en la Fundación Jiménez Díaz. Os dejamos un enlace al Tweet y fotografías del evento celebrado el 4 de Enero. EE FJD UAM3 de abril de 2017 ¿Quieres estudiar con nosotros? La Fundación Jiménez Díaz lidera el Ranking de los diez mejores hospitales de España 2016 El H.U. Fundación Jiménez Díaz, centro principal de prácticas clínicas de nuestros alumnos, lidera el índice de Excelencia Hospitalaria (IEH) por segundo año consecutivo. Encuestas de la actividad docente 2016-2017 "Cada pieza importa, construye tu Universidad" La Escuela en los medios: proyecto «Competencia Matemática en la Formación Enfermera y Seguridad del Paciente». El «Canal Enfermero» del Consejo General de Enfermería hace mención en su programa de la 1ª quincena de diciembre al proyecto que se está realizando en la Escuela. CS Maqueda. C/ Seseña 44 (Aluche) 28024 - Madrid25 de noviembre de 2016 Actividades relacionadas con el día Internacional por la Eliminación de la Violencia a la Mujer: nuestros alumnos y las prácticas externas. La Escuela de Enfermería de la Fundación Jiménez Díaz – UAM considera las prácticas clínicas tuteladas parte esencial del proceso enseñanza- aprendizaje. Ofrecemos al alumno la posibilidad de su desarrollo en el ámbito hospitalario, en Centros de Salud y [...] Escuela de Enfermería Fundación Jiménez Díaz UAM25 de noviembre de 2016 La Escuela de Enfermería «se mueve»: 25 de noviembre, Día Internacional de la Eliminación de la Violencia contra la Mujer. La Secretaría general de la ONU establece la campaña «pinta tu mundo de naranja» con motivo del Día Internacional de la Eliminación de la Violencia contra la Mujer. La Escuela se une a la campaña con un «mannequin challenge» de mensaje especial. La Escuela celebró el 10 y 11 de Abril la 1ª edición del curso "la Figura del Tutor Clínico en el Grado de Enfermería". Se celebrará una 2ª edición el 7 y 8 de junio a la que aún puedes apuntarte Feliz día Internacional de la Enfermería La Escuela quiere felicitar a todas las Enfermeras/os y estudiantes de Enfermería en este día que se celebra con motivo del nacimiento de Florence Nightingale. La Escuela participa en el IV Campus Trinity para orientar alumnos de Bachillerato sobre los estudios de Grado en Enfermería La feria se celebró el 26 de abril en el Centro Trinity College San Sebastian de los Reyes ¡Abierto el plazo para el segundo semestre! Encuestas de la actividad docente 2016-2017 Continúa la XIII Maratón de donación de sangre del H.U. Fundación Jiménez Díaz ¡Los estudiantes colaboran activamente en la campaña! Los alumnos de la Escuela de Enfermería se vuelcan participando en la XII Maratón de Donación de la Fundación Jiménez Díaz. Agradecemos la participación masiva de los alumnos en todas las actividades y nos sumamos al eslogan de la campaña: «Corre por la vida: dona sangre!». Os recordamos la maratón de donación de sangre los días 16 y 17 de noviembre Con el lema ¡Corre por la vida: dona sangre!, las donaciones podrán hacerse de 8 a 20,30 horas en las instalaciones del Banco de Sangre los días 16 y 17 de noviembre. Escuela de Enfermería Fundación Jiménez Díaz UAM19 de octubre de 2016 Los alumnos de la Escuela se solidarizan con motivo del día contra el cáncer de mama El 19 de octubre de 2016 mostraron su apoyo y homenaje a todas las mujeres que actualmente luchan contra esta enfermedad. Acto del Clausura del Curso Académico 20152016 Evento: "En los albores del segundo siglo de la Enfermería Profesional" Fecha: 13 de junio del 2016 a las 17h Lugar: Aula Magna Tríptico del evento Convocatoria de ayudas con cargo al Fondo Social de estudiantes de la UAM para el curso 2015/2016 El plazo comienza mañana y es solo hasta el 20 de mayo. Podéis obtener toda la información en pinchando AQUÍ El Grado en Enfermería de la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, número 1 del ranking de Universidades Españolas por Grado 2016 El Grado de Enfermería en primer lugar! Ranking de Universidades Españolas por Grado 2016 2nd Edition of the Quirónsalud Prizes for the Best Patient Safety Initiatives Participate and show your commitment ¡Tu opinión nos importa!. Ya puedes realizar las encuestas docentes 2015-2016. ¡No dejes pasar el plazo!. Desde el 30 de noviembre y como máximo, hasta el 6 de enero, puedes realizar las encuestas sobre la actividad docente de tus profesores y las asignatur[...] Madrid29 de noviembre de 2015 Convocatoria Erasmus Estudios 2016/2017 «Abierta Convocatoria Erasmus Estudios 2016-2017» Convocatoria para estudiantes UAM «Convocatoria de movilidad para realizar estudios en Universidades suizas durante el curso académico 2016/2017» Madrid1 de julio de 2015 Procedimiento de matrícula de alumnos del Primer Curso de Grado en Enfermería «Procedimiento matrícula Curso 2015-2016» Los empleados de IDCsalud se vuelcan con Filipinas «La compañía duplicará la cifra que los empleados destinen a la causa en una cuenta abierta a tal efecto» Madrid15 de julio de 2010 Discurso del Acto de Clausura del Curso Académico 2009/2010 «Humanización y Ciencia: hilo conductor entre dos etapas» Madrid25 de abril de 2011 Premio para Estudiantes de Enfermería «Premio Grupo CTO de Enfermería en el VIII Congreso Nacional de Investigación en Pregrado para Ciencias de la Salud» «El trato humano: la necesidad más demandada por los pacientes» «Más cuidado a los cuidados: Humanización» Madrid22 de mayo de 2013 Jornada Científica del 50 Aniversario de la Escuela de Enfermería Jornada: 50 Aniversario de la Escuela de Enfermería Lugar:Aula Magna Hora: 10:00 h Política de protección de datos y condiciones de uso © 2018 Quirónsalud - All rights reserved

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Vous êtes ici : Accueil > Conseil santé > Gérer les aboiements intempestifs Gérer les aboiements intempestifs Les aboiements font partie du répertoire comportemental normal du chien. Cependant, quand ils deviennent trop fréquents ou surviennent à mauvais escient, ils peuvent constituer une nuisance sonore pour le maître et son entourage. Ils peuvent aussi être révélateurs d’un trouble comportemental. Comment distinguer un aboiement normal d’un aboiement pathologique ? Il faut analyser le contexte dans lequel surviennent les aboiements. Ce signal sonore constitue un moyen de communication pour le chien, qu’il peut utiliser envers ses congénères, l’Homme ou un autre animal. Quand les aboiements sont trop fréquents, incessants ou surviennent dans des situations qui ne s’y prêtent pas, ils peuvent révéler un trouble. Tous les chiens sont-ils égaux devant les aboiements ? Non, la fréquence mais aussi la tonalité des aboiements varient selon les races. Certains chiens sont réputés peu aboyeurs comme les lévriers ou le basenji chez lequel on note l’existence d’une sorte de ricanement. A l’inverse, les chiens de chasse et les terriers sont connus pour être assez bruyants. Dans quelles situations peuvent intervenir les aboiements ? Trois grands types de situations peuvent déclencher des aboiements : le lieu, le chien en lui-même et les autres êtres vivants. Ainsi, les aboiements pourront survenir dans le cadre de la garde territoriale, lors de rencontres avec des congénères ou avec d’autres êtres vivants. Selon les cas, la situation sera considérée comme normale ou au contraire inappropriée et signe d’une mauvaise socialisation, d’un trouble du développement, d’un trouble lié au vieillissement… Lorsque les aboiements surviennent à mauvais escient, deviennent trop fréquents ou s’accompagnent d’autres troubles, il faut consulter son vétérinaire qui cherchera une cause médicale ou comportementale. Pour cela, il sera utile de lui décrire les circonstances d’apparition des aboiements, leur type (hurlement, gémissement, aboiement bref ou en continu…), les autres signes éventuels associés, etc. Filmer son chien pendant son absence peut être une bonne idée pour analyser son comportement. Quels sont les risques ? Outre la nuisance pour le maître et le potentiel état de mal-être de l’animal, les aboiements sont problématiques en milieu urbain car ils peuvent être considérés comme un « trouble anormal du voisinage » et faire l’objet d’une contravention de 3e classe, passible d’une amende allant de 150 à 450 euros. Ils peuvent également être annonciateurs de situations plus graves comme de l’agressivité. Comment traiter les aboiements intempestifs ? Selon que l’aboiement est normal ou pathologique, l’approche sera différente. Par exemple, s’il est déclenché par de la garde territoriale, il faudra agir sur l’environnement du chien en le maintenant à l’écart de la rue, en installant un brise vue… Lorsque les aboiements sont liés à un trouble comportemental, le vétérinaire pourra proposer une thérapie comportementale éventuellement accompagnée d’une prise en charge médicale. Que penser des colliers anti-aboiements ? Leur usage doit être raisonné et toujours après l’avis d’un vétérinaire. Dans certain cas, ces colliers peuvent en effet aggraver la situation en induisant un stress supplémentaire pour le chien. Ils ne devraient de toute façon jamais être utilisés en première intention. Quant aux colliers électriques, ils sont à bannir car, outre le stress qu’ils occasionnent, ils peuvent entraîner des risques médicaux (brûlures…). Auteur : Dr Maud Lafon Rédigé le : 1/12/15 Source : Manuel Vétérinaire Merck – A. Giga, DG. Allen, GC Althouse, TR Ames

2019-26/0000/fr_head.json.gz/1195

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Formed October 1990. Disbanded 1997 Add "Bikini Kill" to My Music Add "Bikini Kill"to My Music 10 Jun - O2 Academy Brixton, London, UK https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/960x540/p01bqmr5.jpg https://musicbrainz.org/artist/1397d045-1603-41fc-80b9-712c18360145 Bikini Kill Biography (Wikipedia) Bikini Kill is an American punk rock band formed in Olympia, Washington, in October 1990. The group consisted of singer and songwriter Kathleen Hanna, guitarist Billy Karren, bassist Kathi Wilcox, and drummer Tobi Vail. The band is widely considered to be the pioneer of the riot grrrl movement, and was known for its radical feminist lyrics and fiery performances. Their music is characteristically abrasive and hardcore-influenced. After two full-length albums, several EPs and two compilations, they disbanded in 1997. The band reunited for a tour in 2019. Bikini Kill Tracks Star Bellied Boy (Radio 1 Session, 28th Mar 1993) New Radio Lauren Laverne Demi-Rep (Radio 1 Session, 28th Mar 1993) 6 Music Live Hour Not Right Now (Radio 1 Session, 28th Mar 1993) New Radio (Radio 1 Session, 28th Mar 1993) Rebel Girl https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/256x256/p05d63tq.jpg Not Right Now (BBC Session 30.04.93) Reject All American Gideon Coe Playlists featuring Bikini Kill Lauren Laverne: People's Playlist Add "Lauren Laverne: People's Playlist" to My Music Add "Lauren Laverne: People's Playlist"to My Music O2 Academy Brixton, London, UK Bikini Kill Links Bratmobile Sleater‐Kinney Julie Ruin

2019-18/0000/en_head.json.gz/4938

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Accueil > Liga > Mercato : l'Atlético de Madrid pense à Allan en cas de départ de Partey Mercato : l'Atlético de Madrid pense à Allan en cas de départ de Partey Par Tom Monegier En cas de départ du Ghanéen Thomas Partey cet été, l'Atlético de Madrid va devoir passer à l'action sur le mercato pour le remplacer. Et les Colchoneros penseraient désormais à Allan, le Brésilien évoluant au Napoli. Allan lors du match de Ligue des Champions contre Liverpool ©Maxppp Depuis le week-end dernier, les amateurs de football peuvent revoir des matches de haut niveau en Europe. Les championnats allemands ont en effet repris, et la Liga NOS (Portugal) et la Liga (Espagne) vont bientôt suivre. En Italie, les clubs ont été autorisés à reprendre l'entraînement en attendant une date officielle de reprise, tout comme en Angleterre, alors qu'en France, la saison 2019-2020 est déjà terminée. Du coup, en coulisses, les formations ont encore un peu de temps pour déjà penser au prochain mercato. La suite après cette publicité De l'autre côté des Pyrénées, l'Atlético de Madrid pourrait réaliser quelques opérations cet été. Il ne devrait pas y avoir de folies à cause de la crise financière liée au Covid-19, comme pour la plupart des clubs, mais les Colchoneros devraient apporter du changement, notamment dans l'entrejeu. Formé à l'Atlético, Thomas Parety a rapidement franchi les étapes pour s'imposer au sein de l'équipe de Diego Simeone et Arsenal pourrait passer à la caisse cet été pour le recruter. Sous contrat jusqu'en 2023 avec le club espagnol, le Ghanéen dispose d'une clause libératoire de 50 millions d'euros. Allan futur remplaçant de Thomas Partey ? En cas de départ de son numéro 5, la formation de la capitale espagnole aura donc des liquidités et pourra ainsi le remplacer. Et si quelques noms sont déjà sortis, comme celui de Mauro Arambarri (Getafe), un autre joueur semble dans le viseur de la direction madrilène : Allan ! C'est le quotidien napolitain, le Corriere del Mezzogiorno, qui a dévoilé cette information dans son édition du jour. L'Atlético de Madrid aurait en effet désormais un œil sur le milieu de terrain brésilien, longtemps pisté par le Paris Saint-Germain, qui évolue au Napoli (contrat jusqu'en 2023). Et les Colchoneros pourraient profiter de la situation compliquée du joueur de 29 ans. Comme l'explique le média italien, l'international auriverde (8 sélections) n'entrerait plus vraiment dans les plans de Gennaro Gattuso. La dernière titularisation d'Allan remonte en effet au 18 janvier et lors de sa sortie contre la Fiorentina, le principal concerné avait manifesté son mécontentement... Un geste que n'a pas oublié son entraîneur, le Brésilien ayant depuis joué que 21 minutes en quatre rencontres toutes compétitions confondues avant l'arrêt des compétitions. Mais l'Atlético devra aussi faire attention à Everton, également intéressé mais qui devra aussi trouver de l'argent pour passer à l'offensive. Real Madrid : la pépite Takefusa Kubo va encore animer le mercato FC Barcelone : Ousmane Dembélé plaît encore au PSG Le transfert de Neymar fait débat en interne au FC Barcelone, la Juventus entre dans la danse pour Erling Håland PSG : l'Inter propose un salaire colossal à Cavani La Liga va reprendre dans la deuxième semaine de juin FC Barcelone : personne ne veut quitter le navire ! Quique Setién détaille les grandes lignes du mercato du FC Barcelone, Mauricio Pochettino veut reprendre du service Mercato : le FC Barcelone est proche de boucler un échange avec Manchester City Le FC Barcelone verrouille Antoine Griezmann 00:01 La Ligue 1 prévoyait de reprendre le 17 juin ! 23:41 Stade Rennais : Florian Maurice veut tenter le gros coup Mohammed Salisu 23:18 Inter : l'ancien président de Lautaro Martinez le voit au Barça cet été 23:02 Real Madrid : la pépite Takefusa Kubo va encore animer le mercato 22:51 Stade Brestois : Ibrahima Diallo ne manque pas de prétendants 22:24 Séville : la Liga cartonne Ocampos et "les fauteurs de trouble" 22:08 Comment bien jouer en 4-4-2 losange 21:59 Real Madrid : Zinedine Zidane a brisé les règles de confinement ! 21:39 Lionel Messi aurait pu signer à l'Inter Milan en 2008 21:16 LOSC : le PSG a sondé Gabriel 21:15 Stade Rennais : le nouvel appel du pied de Mbaye Niang à l'OM 20:52 Dijon : Frédéric Sammaritano justifie sa prolongation 20:20 Roxana Maracineanu n'envisage pas un retour à la normale pour le sport sans vaccin 20:00 Juventus : Giorgio Chiellini enrage contre les choix de Leonardo Bonucci 19:59 Bundesliga : Cologne arrache le nul face à Düsseldorf

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Important notice: These initiatives have not yet been implemented, and USCIS is not accepting any requests or applications at this time. Beware of anyone who offers to help you submit an application or a request for any of these actions before they are available. You could become a victim of an immigration scam. Please call our office at 716-854-1541 to schedule a conference to speak to a lawyer if you have any questions. On November 20, 2014, the President announced a series of executive actions to crack down on illegal immigration at the border, prioritize deporting felons not families, and require certain undocumented immigrants to pass a criminal background check and pay taxes in order to temporarily stay in the U.S. without fear of deportation. These initiatives include: Expanding the population eligible for the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) program to young people who came to this country before turning 16 years old and have been present since January 1, 2010, and extending the period of DACA and work authorization from two years to three years Allowing parents of U.S. citizens and lawful permanent residents who have been in the country since January 1, 2010, to request deferred action and employment authorization for three years, in a new Deferred Action for Parental Accountability program, provided they pass required background checks Expanding the use of provisional waivers of unlawful presence to include the spouses and sons and daughters of lawful permanent residents and the sons and daughters of U.S. citizens Modernizing, improving and clarifying immigrant and nonimmigrant programs to grow our economy and create jobs Promoting citizenship education and public awareness for lawful permanent residents and providing an option for naturalization applicants to use credit cards to pay the application fee Important notice: These initiatives have not yet been implemented, and USCIS is not accepting any requests or applications at this time. Beware of anyone who offers to help you submit an application or a request for any of these actions before they are available. You could become a victim of an immigration scam. Subscribe to this page to get updates when new information is posted. USCIS and other agencies and offices are responsible for implementing these initiatives as soon as possible. Some initiatives will be implemented over the next several months and some will take longer. Over the coming months, USCIS will produce detailed explanations, instructions, regulations and forms as necessary. The brief summaries provided below offer basic information about each initiative. While USCIS is not accepting requests or applications at this time, if you believe you may be eligible for one of the initiatives listed above, you can prepare by gathering documents that establish your: Identity; Relationship to a U.S. citizen or lawful permanent resident; and Continuous residence in the United States over the last five years or more. Below are summaries of major planned initiatives by USCIS, including: What the initiative will do When you can begin to make a request How to make a request 1. Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) program Current DACA recipients seeking renewal and new applicants, including individuals born prior to June 15, 1981, who meet all other DACA guidelines. What Allows individuals born prior to June 15, 1981, to apply for DACA (removing the upper age restriction) provided they meet all other guidelines. Requires continuous residence in the United States since January 1, 2010, rather than the prior requirement of June 15, 2007. Extends the deferred action period and employment authorization to three years from the current two years. When Approximately 90 days following the President’s November 20, 2014, announcement. How Go to the Consideration of Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) page for instructions which will be updated over the next several months. Subscribe to this page to receive updates by email. 2. Deferred action for parents of U.S. citizens and lawful permanent residents Who An undocumented individual living in the United States who, on the date of the announcement, is the parent of a U.S. citizen or lawful permanent resident and who meets the guidelines listed below. What Allows parents to request deferred action and employment authorization if they: Have continuous residence in the United States since January 1, 2010; Are the parents of a U.S. citizen or lawful permanent resident born on or before November 20, 2014; and Are not an enforcement priority for removal from the United States, pursuant to the November 20, 2014, Policies for the Apprehension, Detention and Removal of Undocumented Immigrants Memorandum. Notes: USCIS will consider each request for Deferred Action for Parental Accountability (DAPA) on a case-by-case basis. Enforcement priorities include (but are not limited to) national security and public safety threats. Approximately 180 days following the President’s November 20, 2014, announcement. How Subscribe to this page to receive updates by email. 3. Provisional waivers of unlawful presence Who Undocumented individuals who have resided unlawfully in the United States for at least 180 days and who are: The sons and daughters of U.S. citizens; and The spouse and sons or daughters of lawful permanent residents. What Expands the provisional waiver program announced in 2013 by allowing the spouses, sons or daughters of lawful permanent residents and sons and daughters of U.S. citizens to get a waiver if a visa is available. There may be instances when the qualifying relative is not the petitioner. Clarifies the meaning of the “extreme hardship” standard that must be met to obtain a waiver. Notes: Currently, only spouses and minor children of U.S. citizens are allowed to apply to obtain a provisional waiver if a visa is available. For more information about the waivers program, go to the Provisional Unlawful Presence Waivers page which will be updated over the next several months. When Upon issuing of new guidelines and regulations. 4. Modernize, improve and clarify immigrant and nonimmigrant programs to grow our economy and create jobs Who U.S. businesses, foreign investors, researchers, inventors and skilled foreign workers. What USCIS will: Work with the Department of State to develop a method to allocate immigrant visas to ensure that all immigrant visas authorized by Congress are issued to eligible individuals when there is sufficient demand for such visas. Work with the Department of State to modify the Visa Bulletin system to more simply and reliably make determinations of visa availability. Provide clarity on adjustment portability to remove unnecessary restrictions on natural career progression and general job mobility to provide relief to workers facing lengthy adjustment delays. Clarify the standard by which a national interest waiver may be granted to foreign inventors, researchers and founders of start-up enterprises to benefit the U.S economy. Authorize parole, on a case-by-case basis, to eligible inventors, researchers and founders of start-up enterprises who may not yet qualify for a national interest waiver, but who:Have been awarded substantial U.S. investor financing; or Otherwise hold the promise of innovation and job creation through the development of new technologies or the pursuit of cutting-edge research. Finalize a rule to provide work authorization to the spouses of certain H-1B visa holders who are on the path to lawful permanent resident status. Work with Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) to develop regulations for notice and comment to expand and extend the use of optional practical training (OPT) for foreign students, consistent with existing law. Provide clear, consolidated guidance on the meaning of “specialized knowledge” to bring greater clarity and integrity to the L-1B program, improve consistency in adjudications, and enhance companies’ confidence in the program. When Upon issuing necessary guidance and regulations. 5. Promote the naturalization process Who Lawful permanent residents eligible to apply for U.S. citizenship What Promote citizenship education and public awareness for lawful permanent residents. Allow naturalization applicants to use credit cards to pay the application fee. Assess potential for partial fee waivers in the next biennial fee study. Notes: Go to the U.S. Citizenship page to learn about the naturalization process and visit the Citizenship Resource Center to find naturalization test preparation resources. You can also visit the N-400, Application for Naturalization, page. When During 2015 Key Questions and Answers Q1: When will USCIS begin accepting applications related to these executive initiatives? A1: While USCIS is not accepting applications at this time, individuals who think they may be eligible for one or more of the new initiatives may prepare now by gathering documentation that establishes their: USCIS expects to begin accepting applications for the: Expanded DACA program approximately 90 days after the President’s November 20, 2014, announcement; and Deferred action for parents of U.S. citizens and lawful permanent residents (Deferred Action for Parental Accountability) approximately 180 days after the President’s November 20, 2014, announcement. Others programs will be implemented after new guidance and regulations are issued. Q2: How many individuals does USCIS expect will apply? A2: Preliminary estimates show that roughly 4.9 million individuals may be eligible for the initiatives announced by the President. However, there is no way to predict with certainty how many individuals will apply. USCIS will decide applications on a case-by-case basis and encourages as many people as possible to consider these new initiatives. During the first two years of DACA, approximately 60 percent of potentially eligible individuals came forward. However, given differences among the population eligible for these initiatives and DACA, actual participation rates may vary. Q3: Will there be a cutoff date for individuals to apply? A3: The initiatives do not include deadlines. Nevertheless, USCIS encourages all eligible individuals to carefully review each initiative and, once the initiative becomes available, make a decision as soon as possible about whether to apply. Q4: How long will applicants have to wait for a decision on their application? A4: The timeframe for completing this new pending workload depends on a variety of factors. USCIS will be working to process applications as expeditiously as possible while maintaining program integrity and customer service. Our aim is to complete all applications received by the end of next year before the end of 2016, consistent with our target processing time of completing review of applications within approximately one year of receipt. In addition, USCIS will provide each applicant with notification of receipt of their application within 60 days of receiving it. Q5: Will USCIS need to expand its workforce and/or seek appropriated funds to implement these new initiatives? A5: USCIS will need to adjust its staffing to sufficiently address this new workload. Any hiring will be funded through application fees rather than appropriated funds. Q6: Will the processing of other applications and petitions (such as family-based petitions and green card applications) be delayed? A6: USCIS is working hard to build capacity and increase staffing to begin accepting requests and applications for the initiatives. We will monitor resources and capacity very closely, and we will keep the public and all of our stakeholders informed as this process develops over the course of the coming months. Q7: What security checks and anti-fraud efforts will USCIS conduct to identify individuals requesting deferred action who have criminal backgrounds or who otherwise pose a public safety threat or national security risk? A7: USCIS is committed to maintaining the security and integrity of the immigration system. Individuals seeking deferred action relief under these new initiatives will undergo thorough background checks, including but not limited to 10-print fingerprint, primary name, and alias name checks against databases maintained by DHS and other federal government agencies. These checks are designed to identify individuals who may pose a national security or public safety threat, have a criminal background, have perpetrated fraud, or who may be otherwise ineligible to request deferred action. No individual will be granted relief without passing these background checks. In addition, USCIS will conduct an individual review of each case. USCIS officers are trained to identify indicators of fraud, including fraudulent documents. As with other immigration requests, all applicants will be warned that knowingly misrepresenting or failing to disclose facts will subject them to criminal prosecution and possible removal from the United States. Q8: What if someone’s case is denied or they fail to pass a background check? A8: Individuals who knowingly make a misrepresentation, or knowingly fail to disclose facts, in an effort to obtain deferred action or work authorization through this process will not receive favorable consideration for deferred action. In addition, USCIS will apply its current policy governing the referral of individual cases to Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) and the issuance of Notices to Appear before an immigration judge. If the background check or other information uncovered during the review of a request for deferred action indicates that an individual’s presence in the United States threatens public safety or national security, USCIS will deny the request and refer the matter for criminal investigation and possible removal by ICE, consistent with existing processes. Q9: If I currently have DACA, will I need to do anything to receive the third year of deferred action and work authorization provided by the executive initiatives? A9: The new three-year work authorization timeframe will be applied for applications currently pending and those received after the President’s announcement. Work authorizations already issued for a two-year period under the current guidelines will continue to be valid through the validity period indicated on the card. USCIS is exploring means to extend previously issued two-year work authorization renewals to the new three-year period. Q10: Will the information I share in my request for consideration of deferred action be used for immigration enforcement purposes? A10: Information provided in your request is protected from disclosure to Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) and Customs and Border Protection (CBP) for the purpose of immigration enforcement proceedings unless you meet the criteria for the issuance of a Notice to Appear or a referral to ICE under the criteria set forth in USCIS’ Notice to Appear guidance. Individuals who are granted deferred action will not be referred to ICE. The information may be shared, however, with national security and law enforcement agencies, including ICE and CBP, for purposes other than removal, including: Assisting in the consideration of the deferred action request; To identify or prevent fraudulent claims; For national security purposes; or For the investigation or prosecution of a criminal offense. This policy covers family members and guardians, in addition to you. Q11: What is USCIS doing to assist dependents of U.S. armed services personnel? A11: USCIS is working with the Department of Defense to determine how to expand parole authorization to dependents of certain individuals enlisting or enlisted in the U.S. armed services. For information on the existing parole-in-place policy for military personnel, please read this policy memorandum. Last Reviewed/Updated: 11/20/2014

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DVDizzy.comHome | Reviews | Schedule | Cover Art | Search The Site DVDizzy.com Top Stories: It is currently Tue Jan 17, 2017 1:13 pm Board index » Forum Home » Polls & Games Animated Classics SURVIVOR - Round 1 AwallaceUNC Post subject: Animated Classics SURVIVOR - Round 1Posted: Thu Mar 18, 2004 6:05 pm Platinum Edition Joined: Thu Dec 11, 2003 4:00 amPosts: 9439 Ok, guys, I've played this on a lot of other forums (mostly pertaining to the lady viewed on my left ), and it's always a lot of fun and becomes one of the most popular features on the board (it usually warrants being a sticky-topic). I'm hoping it has the same success here: It works just like the Survivor TV show. Basically, come on here once every 5 days and vote for the Disney Animated Classic (see the list http://www.ultimatedisney.com/ultimateclassics.htm) that you want to vote off, i.e., the one that you like the least! At the end of the week, I'll come on here and announce who got voted off, and a new thread will start for the 2nd week. This gets to be a lot of fun, especially when it gets down to the wire. I would make it a poll, but then you run in to people voting multiple times and what-not, so just come on here and post. You can talk about why, but I ask that you put the full title of what you're voting for in bold letters so that it's easy for me to count them all in a hurry. I realize that there's been a Top 20 Animated Classics countdown here before, but the way in which this is done will likely render very different results, plus it's been a while since then and this will be fun for all! The problem with these movies (versus songs on an album or movies by one actor, which I'm used to), is that there's a lot of them. I thought about breaking it up by year of release, but that wouldn't be as definitive. Therefore, the four movies that receive the most votes will be kicked off each week, UNTIL we are down to the final 10! Then it will be two each week until we're at the top 5... then it's one a week! This is kind of a pilot, but I think it can work well. So, Survivors ready?? Come on in and vote off ONLY ONE of these movies Snow White and the Seven DwarfsPinocchioFantasiaDumboBambiSaludos AmigosThe Three CabellerosMake Mine MusicFun and Fancy FreeMelody TimeAdventures of Ichabod & Mr. ToadCinderellaAlice in WonderlandPeter PanLady and the TrampSleeping Beauty101 DalmationsThe Sword in the StoneThe Jungle BookThe AristocatsRobin HoodMany Adventures of Winnie The PoohThe RescuersThe Fox and The HoundThe Black CauldronThe Great Mouse DetectiveOliver & CompanyThe Little MermaidThe Rescuers Down UnderBeauty and the BeastAladdinThe Lion KingPocahontasThe Hunchback of Notre DameHerculesMulanTarzanFantasia 2000The Emperor's New GrooveAtlantis: The Lost EmpireLilo & StitchTreasure PlanetBrother BearHome On The Range Also, I ask that nobody else declare a winner. I say that because there have been instances were some drama was stirred up when someone jumped the gun and then there was a discrepency... I come in every day, I promise! Voting ends at midnight (EASTERN TIME) on Tuesday, March 23rd. _________________• Author of Hocus Pocus in Focus: The Thinking Fan's Guide to Disney's Halloween Classicand The Thinking Fan's Guide to Walt Disney World: Magic Kingdom (Epcot coming soon)• Host of Zip-A-Dee-Doo-Pod, the longest-running Disney podcast• Entertainment Writer & Moderator at DVDizzy.com• Twitter - @aaronspod Last edited by AwallaceUNC on Fri Mar 26, 2004 3:29 am, edited 3 times in total. Post subject: Posted: Thu Mar 18, 2004 6:07 pm Platinum Edition My vote goes to The Three Cabelleros. Of the ones I've seen, which is nearly all of these, it's definitely my least favorite. Just kind of disjointed and doesn't boast a lot of plot... it's alright and I like the music, but it's definitely my least favorite. -Aaron Post subject: Posted: Thu Mar 18, 2004 6:14 pm Special Edition Joined: Sat Nov 08, 2003 10:01 pmPosts: 278Location: Tucson, Arizona awallaceunc wrote:My vote goes to The Three Cabelleros. Of the ones I've seen, which is nearly all of these, it's definitely my least favorite. Just kind of disjointed and doesn't boast a lot of plot... it's alright and I like the music, but it's definitely my least favorite. -Aaron shame on you! i want 3 cabs to go all the way!! my vote goes for Aristocats. aristocats, i hate you! you ruined your good storyline with run-of-the-mill artwork that i can't stand to look at. _________________MY LITTLE DVD COLLECTION Ballzo Joined: Tue Jan 27, 2004 2:50 amPosts: 309 I choose to cast my vote for 3 Cabelleros, its the only one from the list that I find boring and did not like very much. It does have some good parts with the flying donkey and the penguin segment is good too but they are not enough to save the film. _________________Hi-diddle-dee-dee An actor's life for me A high silk hat and a silver cane A watch of gold with a diamond chain Last edited by Ballzo on Thu Mar 18, 2004 6:43 pm, edited 1 time in total. Post subject: Posted: Thu Mar 18, 2004 6:20 pm In The Vaults Joined: Sat Jun 21, 2003 11:25 pmPosts: 1056Location: Devil's Bayou I vote for The Emperor's New Groove, this is Disney's dumbest movie so far. I hate it! Top Post subject: Posted: Thu Mar 18, 2004 6:26 pm Site Admin Joined: Thu Apr 17, 2003 6:57 pmPosts: 10037Location: Dinosaur World I too vote to axe <b>The Three Caballeros</b>. It might be better to vote off a few at a time, or else the game could take a long, long time. But that's fine, too, if you'd like it that way. I hope that these first couple weeks actually gather a majority of votes for 4 movies. We'll have to wait and see! Do enough people come to the Polls & Games forum? This might be better-suited for General Discussion, as it does spawn discussion... but I guess we can wait and see. jambo*rafiki Joined: Sat Dec 13, 2003 9:26 pmPosts: 425Location: It doesn't matter . . . It's in the past . . . I vote the Aristocats. I can't stand it . . . _________________"The names Cruuuuuuush. Emphasis on the U. But you can call me Crush." "Asante sana, squash banana, wewe nugu, mimi apana!" SAVE 2D!!!!!!!! Top karlsen Post subject: Posted: Thu Mar 18, 2004 8:10 pm Collector's Edition Joined: Sat Sep 27, 2003 10:01 pmPosts: 788Location: Norway My vote goes to Aristocats as well. It is not that I dislike it, but I want The Three Caballeros to stay in Top Joe Carioca Post subject: Posted: Thu Mar 18, 2004 8:12 pm Walt Disney Treasure Joined: Fri Jun 13, 2003 7:05 pmPosts: 2039Location: Brazil What an insult!!!! You people picking "The Three Caballeros"!!! Just kiding, hehe! Well, I'll go for THE ARISTOCATS Gotta love that jazz, but nobody deserves Abigail and Amelia Gable. Top Disneykid Joined: Fri Apr 18, 2003 11:10 amPosts: 4816Location: Wonderland Definitely The Aristocats. It has a great soundtrack, but everything else falls flat. Although I have to admit that even the worst of Disney (which this arguably is) is still halfway decent (which this definitely is). _________________KelvinMy Blu-ray Collection Sekaino Jasmine Joined: Thu Feb 19, 2004 5:59 amPosts: 499Location: Japan Adventures of Ichabod & Mr. Toad! This was the most boring for me. Luke wrote:I too vote to axe <b>The Three Caballeros</b>.It might be better to vote off a few at a time, or else the game could take a long, long time. But that's fine, too, if you'd like it that way. Yeah, I was gonna eliminate the 4 top vote getters each round, until the top 10. It'll still take a while, but not as long... I just hope we get enough votes for 4. This site gets a lot of traffic, so it shouldn't be a problem -Aaron wwwjim Post subject: SurvivorPosted: Thu Mar 18, 2004 10:08 pm Gold Collection Joined: Wed Nov 05, 2003 8:38 pmPosts: 148Location: Maryland My first vote goes to: The Aristocrats _________________Jim Disney Fan in Maryland Post subject: Posted: Thu Mar 18, 2004 10:52 pm Limited Edition Joined: Sat Nov 08, 2003 4:16 pmPosts: 1763Location: The Mississippi Delta. Down with The Aristocrats Post subject: Posted: Thu Mar 18, 2004 10:59 pm Platinum Edition Hmm... Home on the Range is going to get quite a free ride here. It will come out while this game is still going on, so I'm not sure what to do. Obviously, we can't vote against it 'till we see it, but it will be a few rounds into the game when it premiers. Either way, it's unfair... either HOTR gets an unfair advantage, or we leave it out and the game won't be as valid when all is said and done, b/c it will be lacking an animated classic. I don't want this discussion to intervene with the voting, but feel free to tag your opinion on this along with your vote. Thanks. iamthejo Post subject: Posted: Fri Mar 19, 2004 12:38 am Gold Collection Joined: Thu Mar 18, 2004 11:02 pmPosts: 50Location: CA I vote down the Aristocats as well. I just saw it for the first time a couple weeks ago and it seemed really disjointed. Plus the girl kitten annoyed me to no end. _________________"But, oh, to be free. To be my own master. Such a thing would be greater then all the magic ,and all the treasures, in all the world." Post subject: Posted: Fri Mar 19, 2004 1:55 am Special Edition Sekaino Jasmine wrote:Adventures of Ichabod & Mr. Toad!This was the most boring for me. I agree with you there, Sekaino Jasmine. Down with the Adventures of Ichabod & Mr. Toad! _________________Homer: Marge, I'm bored Marge: Why don't you read something? Homer: Because I'm trying to reduce my boredom “Who cares about what's on the disc? I think Disney Guru's concern with the cover artwork is the most important thing.” ~Luke Last edited by Yuki on Fri Mar 19, 2004 6:14 pm, edited 1 time in total. Prince Adam Post subject: Posted: Fri Mar 19, 2004 8:11 am Limited Edition Joined: Wed Jun 25, 2003 6:44 pmPosts: 1318Location: The Great, Wide Somewhere (Ont, Canada) Sorry IggieKuzko, but The Emperor's New Groove It's just so stupid... _________________Defy Gravity... MickeyMousePal Post subject: Posted: Fri Mar 19, 2004 1:19 pm Platinum Edition Joined: Thu Oct 16, 2003 12:40 amPosts: 6629Location: The Incredibles LA!!! The Aristocrats was the dumbest Disney movie it bored me to death. Also the cats are so annoying. Meow! Everybody doesn't want to be a cat! _________________The Simpsons Season 11 Buy it Now! Fox Sunday lineup: 8:00 The Simpsons 8:30 King of the Hill 9:00 Family Guy 9:30 American Dad Living in the 1980's: Last edited by MickeyMousePal on Fri Mar 19, 2004 5:17 pm, edited 1 time in total. Disney Discussion General DVD Discussion Movies, Music & TV Disney Theme Parks Polls & Games

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Home » Authors » Volume I » Dr. Bernhard Schmidt-Tedd Dr. Bernhard Schmidt-Tedd is Head of Legal Support for Agency Affairs of the German Aerospace Center (DLR). He lectures space law at the Institute of Space Systems, University of Stuttgart, Germany; and mentors practice-oriented doctoral theses in cooperation with the Institute of Air and Space Law, University of Cologne, Germany. Bernhard Schmidt-Tedd completed his law studies in Cologne, Germany and Geneva, Switzerland. He holds a doctorate in law from the University of Cologne, Germany. Having begun his career at the Foreign Business Department of Gothaer Insurance, he joined the German Aerospace Center in 1987. In the latter capacity he was involved in contract negotiations of international space programmes, including the Spacelab / MIR missions. From 1989 to 1990, Bernhard Schmidt-Tedd acted as special assistant to the Chairman of the DLR Executive Board. Subsequently, he founded the Business Strategy division of DLR, leaving it in 1993 to head the Administrative division of the Management Department. A Corresponding Member of the International Academy of Astronautics (IAA) and the Russian Academy for Cosmonautics, Bernhard Schmidt-Tedd is also a member of the International Institute of Space Law (IISL), the European Centre of Space Law (ECSL) and the German Society for Aeronautics and Astronautics (DGLR). He sits on the editorial board of the German Journal of Air and Space Law (Zeitschrift für Luft- und Weltraumrecht – ZLW), and is a published author of more than 50 articles on legal developments in space law, in particular on contractual space matters, national space legislation, data policy and commercial space applications. He co-authored the book “Grundzüge des Raumfahrtrechts” (2002: Beck Juristischer Verlag / Munich). Dr. Bernhard Schmidt-Tedd is also the author of the chapter on Article VIII of the Outer Space Treaty (Volume I), of the part on the Registration Convention (Volume II) and of the part on the Registration Practice Resolution (Volume III).

2018-30/0000/en_head.json.gz/15188

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Sigue el ‘viacrucis’ en los barrios por la falta de agua A punta de tanques ciudadanos de Valledupar se resguardan de la falta de agua./ RICHARD DANGOND Lo que debería ser un servicio vital, se ha convertido en una odisea para los vallenatos. El suministro de agua en Valledupar, según quejas de los usuarios, cada vez es más precario. Para algunos, la búsqueda de la obtención del líquido comienza a convertirse en un ‘viacrucis’. En sectores como Villa Haidyth, Villa Tayrona, Mareigua, Don Carmelo, San Martín, San Fernando, Panamá, Don Alberto y otros puntos de la ciudad hace más de tres días no hay ‘ni una sola gota de agua’. La ausencia del fluido hídrico agrava más las necesidades de las comunidades pues bañarse, cocinar y otros quehaceres se ven limitados. Hermes Rubiales de Mareigua, informó que en este sector hace “tres días el líquido ni se asoma, Emdupar anunció que el domingo (12 de enero) el agua se iba, pero nosotros estamos sin ella hace tiempo, le hemos pedido de todas las formas su ayuda”. Las falencias en el servicio, ha hecho que muchos se cuestionen si Valledupar es la única ciudad en donde el servicio se ausenta –a pesar de ser cancelado – hasta por más de 40 horas continuas. Antes los llamados de ‘auxilio’, algunos funcionarios públicos se han pronunciado; el concejal de Valledupar, Wilber Hinojosa, comentó que la capital cesarense necesita “activar urgentemente un plan de contingencia preventivo a falta de agua en esta época de intenso verano sobre todo en los corregimientos y veredas”. ‘QUE NOS DEN HASTA HOY EN LA TARDE’ El gerente de la Empresa de Servicios Públicos de Valledupar, Emdupar, Ricardo Llanos, indicó que si bien es cierto las inconsistencias se vienen presentando desde finales del año pasado, se decidió reprogramar los trabajos finales para comienzo del 2020 para evitar ‘traumatismos’ en el arranque de la nueva administración municipal. Sin embargo, desde el 12 de enero retomaron los empalmes de conexión en las avenidas Fundación y Simón Bolívar buscando reconectar los barrios Primero de Mayo, San Martín y demás barrios aledaños y afectados. “En el punto de los Trinitarios estábamos instalando unos 1.000 metros de tuberías de 22 y 24 pulgadas de grandes diámetros, esos trabajos nos han llevado hasta altas horas de la madrugada y con la que recuperaremos la presión del agua (…) por eso hay sectores sin el líquido, pero lo vamos normalizar”. Como fecha final, Llanos invitó a la comunidad esperar hasta hoy en horas de la tarde, con el fin de devolverle la tranquilidad a los sectores sobre todo del sur de Valledupar principales afectados. Explicó que las demoras obedecen al cambio de tuberías obsoletas y dañadas que estarían presentando fugas y derramamiento de agua potable, lo que permitirá incluso reducir las pérdidas de litros de agua. EL PROBLEMA, DESDE EL INICIO DEL NUEVO AÑO Durante el informe “A Valledupar lo ‘agarró’ el 2020 sin servicio de agua”, el gerente (e) de Emdupar, Ricardo Llanos, explicó que algunos barrios se encuentran afectados desde que el Sistema Integrado de Transporte de Valledupar, Siva, inició obras de rehabilitación en avenidas y glorietas. “En su contrato ellos estipularon las conexiones, siempre nos preguntamos por qué si ellos no tienen experiencia; así lo hicieron, y por eso a veces no hay tanta presión, es débil. Algunas piezas se han partido por los trabajos y toca suspender, reemplazar y normalizar, por eso también hay cortes constante”. Aunque son distintas las acusaciones de la cabeza de la entidad a la gerente del Siva, Katrizza Morelli, la funcionaria sigue sin atender las llamadas de DIARIO DEL CESAR. Cesado Valverde como entrenador del FC Barcelona, Quique Setién su sustituto Duque propone que ésta sea la década de cobertura en la educación superior

2020-29/0000/es_middle.json.gz/3288

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Fortunatae Fortunatae Año 2017-18, número 28 Compañías de teatro profesional en Canarias durante la primera década del siglo XX Martín Montenegro, Salvador Fernando En este artículo se describen algunas de las características de las compañías dramáticas profesionales que actuaron durante la primera década del siglo XX en Canarias. Se estudian, entre otros aspectos de interés, los precios, los abonos, los horarios, los elencos, los repertorios y las temporadas. This article describes some characteristics of professional theater companies during the first decade of the twentieth century in the Canary Islands. Prices, season tickets, performance times, casts, repertoire and theatrical seasons, among other aspects of interest, are studied.

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0112742011 info@infochem.it Software Toxobase Compilazione SDS Service di trasmissione documenti elettronici Infochem informa News normative Sezione informativa e di approfondimento ad accesso gratuito. La documentazione proposta rappresenta un compendio ed un approfondito supporto alla lettura e all’interpretazione dei dati presenti nelle schede di sicurezza. Sono presi in considerazione i parametri e gli argomenti di maggior interesse presenti generalmente all’interno delle schede di sicurezza, quali dispositivi di protezione, limiti di esposizione, tossicità acuta. Per ogni argomento trattato sono presentati più aspetti e definizioni. Ad ogni definizione è associato un esempio di informazione, tratto dalle informazioni presenti nelle schede di sicurezza della Banca Dati Repertorio. Antidoti Sostanza capace di prevenire o limitare l'assorbimento di un veleno, ovvero antagonizzare o ridurre l'effetto lesivo. formiato di metile: Ospedalizzare con urgenza il paziente Antidoto utile: somministrare etanolo 10 ml/kg ev di una soluzione al 10% di etanolo in glucosio 5% e 1-2 ml/kg/h di mantenimento della stessa soluzione, mantenere livelli ematici di etanolo tra 100-130 mg/dl Fomepizolo 15mg/kg ev in30' Leucovorin, acido folico Bonifica La bonifica dei suoli si occupa dei metodi di pulizia di terreni contaminati e delle acque sotterranee dalle più diverse sostanze. Sostanze soprattutto in fase liquida, che versate sui terreni ne alterano le caratteristiche o ne compromettono l'uso. cumene idroperossido: Coprire le perdite con materiale assorbente inerte (sabbia, vermiculite o altro materiale non combustibile). Lavare il pavimento con acqua dopo aver raccolto lo spanto. Raccogliere il materiale sversato con attrezzature antiscintilla. Introdurre il materiale raccolto in recipienti di polietilene puliti ed etichettati. Se necessario, avviare la procedura di bonifica prevista ai sensi del D.Lgs.152/2006, parte IV, titolo V. Non usare prodotti acidi per pulire. Classificazione La classificazione di pericolo è un procedimento di valutazione attraverso il quale i dati chimico-fisici, tossicologici ed ecotossicologici sono interpretati alla luce dei criteri di classificazione - Allegato VI Direttiva 67/548/CEE ai fini dell'attribuzione di una o più categorie di pericolo e delle relative frasi di rischio. nitrobenzene: T; R 23/24/25-48/23/24, Carc.Cat.3; R 40, Repr.Cat.3; R 62, N; R 51-53 Coefficiente di ripartizione n-ottanolo/acqua Rapporto tra le concentrazioni all'equilibrio di una sostanza disciolta in un sistema costituito da n-ottanolo ed acqua. E' una misura della lipofilicità della sostanza e quindi della sua capacità di bioaccumulare. Salvo diversa indicazione è generalmente espresso sotto forma del suo logaritmo decimale (logKow). Maggiore è il rapporto, minore è l'idrosolubilità della sostanza, e quindi maggiore è la probabilitàche tale sostanza venga introdotta e immagazzinata dagli organismi acquatici. L’UE considera potenzialmente bioaccumulabili le sostanze con logKow > 3, mentre per valori di logKow < 3 non ci si aspetta che la sostanza bioaccumuli significativamente. 1,2-epossi-3-fenossipropano: logKow: 1,610 Denominazione della sostanza Denominazione della sostanza diversa da quella di Allegato I. Es: per le "voci generiche" si identificano gli individui chimici più significativi appartenenti a detta voce. Tipologie di "voci generiche" sono: miscele di isomeri: ad un singolo N. Indice corrispondono più voci. Es: la voce xilene comprende la miscela di isomeri nonché i singoli isomeri orto-, meta- e para-; la voce eptano comprende 10 isomeri specifici; voci generiche per le quali l’Allegato I non indica un N. CAS specifico. Es: per la voce “sali di idrazina” è identificata la "Idrazina solfato"; voci generiche per le quali l'Allegato I indica il N. CAS senza nome di riferimento. Es: per la voce “benzidina, sali” con N. Indice 612-070-00-5 sono indicati quattro N. CAS 531-85-1; 531-86-2; 21136-70-9 e 36341-27-2 che pertanto consentono una individuazione inequivocabile delle singole sostanze; derivati degli elementi per i quali l'Allegato I non indica alcun N. CAS specifico.Es: per la voce "composti di stagno tributile esclusi quelli espressamente indicati in questo Allegato" è stato identificato come rappresentativo della famiglia il tributil stagno ossido. Composti di cromo (VI), esclusi bario cromato e quelli espressamente indicati in questo allegato: Per questa voce dell'Allegato I si faccia riferimento al RE0470 "ammonio cromato", sostanza scelta come rappresentativa della voce "composti di cromo (VI)". ammonio cromato: L'ammonio cromato è stato scelto come rappresentativo della voce "composti di cromo (VI)". Designazione ufficiale di trasporto Per le sostanze nominativamente indicate nella lista delle merci delle Raccomandazioni ONU, rappresenta la designazione ufficiale di trasporto ivi indicata. In caso contrario, e ove si sia comunque proceduto a classificare la sostanza, la denominazione è quella della rubrica generica delle Raccomandazioni ONU che corrisponde ai criteri di classificazione. diazometano: GAS COMPRESSO INFIAMMABILE, N.A.S. GAS LIQUEFATTO INFIAMMABILE, N.A.S. GAS LIQUIDO REFRIGERATO, INFIAMMABILE, N.A.S. Note: la denominazione dipende dallo stato fisico della materia durante il trasporto Dispositivi di protezione I dispositivi di protezione individuale (o DPI) nascono con l’obiettivo di salvaguardare l’individuo dai rischi esistenti nell’ambiente di lavoro e rappresentano un mezzo estremamente importante nell’ambito della prevenzione primaria sul posto di lavoro, avendo come fine la riduzione dell’incidenza di eventi infortunistici o dell’insorgenza di patologie professionali. Dispositivi di protezione per gli occhi Un DPI per gli occhi deve proteggere contro diverse tipologie di rischio: meccanico, radiazioni luminose, metalli fusi e solidi incandescenti, spruzzi e gocce, polveri, gas, archi elettrici da corto circuito e radiazioni laser o la combinazione di due o più dei rischi elencati. triclorometano; cloroformio: Visiera, non usare lenti a contatto. Dispositivi di protezione per la cute La protezione cutanea avviene attraverso l’utilizzo di tute e guanti adeguati. Le tute esse devono essere protettive di tipo e classe adeguata; tali tute devono essere corredate (qualora non lo siano già in partenza) di idonei stivali e guanti. I guanti, in possesso delle caratteristiche indicate dal D.Lgs. n. 475/92 devono essere idonei ad evitare danni da incidenti meccanici, traumi o insulti chimici, assorbimento di tossici per via cutanea, lesioni da agenti fisici di rischio (radiazioni, vibrazioni, freddo, calore). Il Regolamento REACh richiede di "specificare chiaramente il tipo di guanti da indossare durante la manipolazione della sostanza o del preparato, compresi: il tipo del materiale, il tempo di permeazione del materiale dei guanti, considerate l’entità e la durata dell’esposizione dermica”. I guanti da utilizzare devono essere scelti quando sono accompagnati dalla certificazione dei test di cuti-protezione in base alla norma UNI EN 374 del 1994 (Guanti di protezione contro prodotti chimici e microrganismi). I tessuti sono classificati secondo la norma UNI EN 374-1 in relazione al tempo di passaggio di ciascun prodotto chimico per il quale il guanto impedisce la permeazione. Si considera raggiunto il tempo di passaggio quando la strumentazione analitica rivela un tasso di permeazione di 1 microg/min/cm2. idrazina: Protezione degli arti superiori. Guanti in: PVC (tempo di permeabilità > 6 ore) Nitrile (spessore 0,6 mm, tempo di permeabilità > 6 ore) Neoprene (spessore 0,6 mm, tempo di permeabilità > 6 ore) Latice (spessore 0,5 mm, tempo di permeabilità > 6 ore) Evitare guanti in PVA. Protezione degli arti inferiori. Stivale resistente ai prodotti chimici Protezione del corpo. Grembiule resistente ai prodotti chimici Dispositivi di protezione per le vie aeree I DPI per le vie aeree possono variare da maschere con filtro idoneo fino agli autorespiratori a ciclo aperto o chiuso nelle condizioni più sfavorevoli. La valutazione del corretto DPI per le vie respiratorie deve tenere conto necessariamente di diversi fattori e la sola valutazione del livello di protezione offerto non è l’unico criterio di scelta. Altri aspetti da non sottovalutare sono l’accettabilità da parte dell’utilizzatore, la comodità (soprattutto se il dispositivo deve essere indossato per lunghi periodi), il corretto indossamento, e la compatibilità con altri dispositivi di protezione individuale (ad es. elmetto, occhiali). Inoltre, è importante la formazione dell’utilizzatore. idrazina: Protezione delle vie aeree: Filtro B 1: gas e vapori inorganici Supporti: Elettrorespiratore Ecotossicità acuta - CE0 concentrazione efficace zero E' la più alta concentrazione di sostanza in esame che non provoca alcuna variazione di effetto sull'organismo saggiato (immobilizzazione nella daphnia, arresto della crescita nelle alghe etc.) rispetto ai controlli. Deve essere riferita al tempo di esposizione (es. CE0-48 ore). mono-metilamina: Parametro: CE0 Specie: Crostacei Tempo di esposizione: 48 ore Valore: 480 mg/l Ecotossicità acuta - CE50 concentrazione efficace mediana Concentrazione che produce nel 50% degli individui un effetto diverso dalla morte (immobilizzazione nella daphnia, arresto della crescita nelle alghe etc.) in saggi sia acuti che cronici. Deve essere riferita al tempo di esposizione (es. CE50-48 ore). 2-nitroanisolo: Parametro: CE50 Valore: 65 mg/l Ecotossicità acuta - CL0 E' la più elevata dose usata che non causa alcun decesso. m-nitroanilina: Parametro: CL0 Specie: Pesci Valore: 5 mg/l Ecotossicità acuta - CL50 concentrazione letale mediana Concentrazione di sostanza nell’acqua che determina la morte del 50% degli individui in saggi di tossicità acuta su specie acquatiche (es. pesci) entro un periodo continuo di esposizione, la cui durata deve essere precisata (generalmente 96 ore). E’ espressa in mg/l. 2-nitroanisolo: Parametro: CL50 Ecotossicità acuta - TLm limite di tolleranza mediano Concentrazione di sostanza alla quale il 50% degli organismi testati sopravvive. 1,3-butadiene: Parametro: TLm Specie: Pesce Valore: 71,5 mg/l Effetti acuti Intossicazione acuta: è caratterizzata da rapida esposizione e rapido assorbimento del tossico; la singola dose o talora multiple dosi agiscono in un periodo non superiore alle 24 ore. Le manifestazioni cliniche si sviluppano rapidamente ed altrettanto rapidamente si ha un’evoluzione del quadro clinico verso una guarigione o verso un esito letale. L’effetto tossico sistemico di uno xenobiotico si manifesta negli organi e nei tessuti che sono il bersaglio ovvero gli organi critici, che per caratteristiche intrinseche raggiungono per primi la concentrazione critica. toluene: Effetti acuti dose-dipendenti. Cute: irritazione Sistema Nervoso: astenia, sonnolenza, vertigini, se ingerito disturbi di coscienza Occhi: irritazione Naso: irritazione Prime vie aeree: irritazione Polmoni: irritazione, edema Apparato digerente: se ingerito nausea e vomito Effetti cancerogeni La procedura di identificazione delle sostanze oncogene comprende indagini di laboratorio su sistemi biologici semplici (test di mutagenesi) o su animali da esperimento (test di cancerogenesi) e trova il momento conclusivo nella ricerca epidemiologica su gruppi di esposti ad una determinata sostanza e/o in un certo processo lavorativo. Esistono a questo proposito numerosi sistemi per definire il potenziale oncogeno di una sostanza, ma in linea generale tutti si basano sull’utilizzo di dati sia epidemiologici che sperimentali. Diversi enti ed agenzie si occupano di valutare e classificare le sostanze: ACGIH (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienist) stabilisce differenze qualitative nella valutazione dei risultati della ricerca scientifica, esprimendo un giudizio che è comunque relativo agli effetti per la specie umana. Gli agenti sono distinti tra cancerogeni riconosciuti per l'uomo, sospetti, cancerogeni per l'animale, non classificabili e non sospetti (5 gruppi di cancerogenesi). IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer) valuta utilizzando sia dati epidemiologici che sperimentali, il rischio cancerogeno in termini probabilistici nei confronti dell’uomo, inquadrando in forma riassuntiva gli agenti esaminati quali: cancerogeni umani, probabili cancerogeni e possibili cancerogeni (4 gruppi di cancerogenesi). DFG (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft) suddivide gli agenti in base ai loro effetti di cancerogenicità e genotossicità, che possono essere dimostrati da studi epidemiologici (sull'uomo) e sperimentali (sugli animali) (5 categorie). fenolo: Effetti cancerogeni - IARC: gruppo 3 Effetti cancerogeni - DFG: categoria 3B Effetti cancerogeni - ACGIH: gruppo A4 Effetti cronici Intossicazione cronica: è caratterizzata da esposizioni ripetute per un lungo periodo di tempo. La quantità di tossico eliminata dall’organismo risulta inferiore a quella assorbita in ciascuna esposizione, per cui la concentrazione del tossico tende progressivamente ad aumentare fino a determinare effetti tossici. L’effetto tossico sistemico di uno xenobiotico si manifesta negli organi e nei tessuti che sono il bersaglio ovvero gli organi critici, che per caratteristiche intrinseche raggiungono per primi la concentrazione critica. solfato di cadmio: Effetti cronici. Cavo orale: colorazione giallastra smalto dei denti Sistema Nervoso: malessere generale, cefalea, crampi muscolari, convulsioni, parestesie, anoressia, calo peso corporeo, parkinsonismo Naso: irritazione, rinite, iposmia, epistassi Polmoni: irritazione, bronchite cronica, enfisema centro-lobulare, fibrosi Apparato urogenitale: tubulopatia, proteinuria Altro: osteomalacia, sindrome di Fanconi Etichettatura L'etichettatura è un procedimento attraverso il quale la classificazione di pericolo è tradotta in informazioni sintetiche sulle caratteristiche chimico-fisiche della sostanza e fornisce le prime indicazioni in materia di rischi potenziali, per l’uomo e per l’ambiente, a cui il prodotto può esporre. Essa considera tutti i rischi potenziali connessi con la normale manipolazione ed utilizzazione delle sostanze nelle forme in cui esse sono commercializzate. Tale processo comprende l'attribuzione di uno o più simboli di pericolo, scelti in funzione delle categorie di pericolo cui la sostanza appartiene, utilizzando un criterio di priorità di simboli, delle frasi di rischio già attribuite in fase di classificazione e dei consigli di prudenza. nitrobenzene: Etichettatura: simbologia T - Tossico N - Pericoloso per l'ambiente Etichettatura: Frasi R 23/24/25, 48/23/24, 40, 62, 51-53 Etichettatura: Frasi S 28, 45, 61, 1/2, 36/37 Fonti dei dati Rappresenta la bibliografia utilizzata per la compilazione di ciascuna scheda di sicurezza. La bibliografia impiegata comprende fonti cartacee e fonti computerizzate (banche dati fattuali) e requisito comune è quello di fornire un’informazione aggiornata e validata da un punto di vista di qualità dell’informazione in esse contenute. Per la compilazione del punto 14, Informazioni sul trasporto, la bibliografia è esclusivamente di natura normativa. 1,3-diossolano: • Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) of American Chemical Society - Registry file on line, 2006 • INSC-ISS (2006) Inventario Nazionale delle Sostanze Chimiche - database on line. Istituto Superiore di Sanità - Roma • (2001) - RTECS U.S. Department of health and human services (NIOSH); OHMTADS U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; CHRIS U.S. Department of trasportation (Coast Guard); HSDB U.S. National Library of Medicine; IRIS U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; TSCA U.S. Environmental Protection Agency - Chem Bank • Micromedex (1974-2006) - Poisindex Toxicologic Managements - Banca Dati Informatizzata • HSDB (2006) Hazardous Substances Data Bank. Bethesda, MD: National Library of Medicine CD Rom Chem Bank • ACGIH (2008) Threshold limit values for chemical substances and physical agents and biological exposure indices (TLVs and BEIs) • Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft List of MAK and BAT Values 2006: Maximum Concentrations and Biological Tolerance Values at the Workplace. Report No. 42. Wiley - VCH • CHEMID (2006). Chemical Identification System. MEDLARS Online Information Retrieval System. National Library of medicine. Bethesda, MD • Hazards in the Chemical Laboratory (1992) 5th Edition - Edited by S.G. Luxon - Health and safety Consultant, Royal Society of Chemistry • ACGIH (American Conference of Government Industrial Hygienists). Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) for chemical substances and physical agents and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs). Seventh Edition 2001, Supplement 2002. ACGIH, Cincinnati OH • United Nations. Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods - Model Regulations. Fourteenth revised Edition, ST/SG/AC.10/1/Rev. 14. Volumes I and II • Organisation Intergouvernementale pour les Transports Internationaux Ferroviaires (OTIF). Règlement concernant le transport international ferroviaire des marchandises dangereuses (RID). Applicable à partir du 1er janvier 2007 • United Nations. Restructured ADR applicable as from 1 January 2007. European Agreement concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road. Volumes I and II • International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO). Technical Instructions for the Safe Transport of Dangerous Goods by Air 2007-2008 • International Maritime Organization (IMO). International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code - 2006 Edition. (Amendment 33-06). Volumes I and II Infiammabilità (solido, gas) Indicazione qualitativa della capacità di una sostanza solida o gassosa a temperatura ambiente di infiammarsi e di mantenere la combustione se innescata da una scintilla o una fiamma. diazometano: Estremamente infiammabile Metabolismo, cinetica, meccanismo di azione, etc. La tossicocinetica è lo studio dell’assorbimento (processo/i per cui una sostanza somministrata penetra nell'organismo), distribuzione (processo/i per cui la sostanza assorbita e/o i suoi metaboliti si distribuiscono nell'organismo), metabolismo (processo/i per cui le sostanze somministrate subiscono nell'organismo reazioni enzimatiche o non enzimatiche che ne modificano la struttura) o escrezione (processo/i per cui una sostanza somministrata e/o i suoi metaboliti sono eliminati dall'organismo) delle sostanze in esame. In questa sezione sono descritti gli studi relativi alla biotrasformazione (trasformazione metabolica) ed alla bioattivazione (trasformazione di composti chimicamente stabili in metaboliti reattivi), processo che avviene ad es. per molti composti aromatici che sono trasformati in epossidi. metantiolo; metilmercaptano: La sostanza é un metabolita normalmente presente nei mammiferi. Si forma dalla degradazione della metionina ed interviene nella sintesi di nuova metionina o di altre proteine e, la frazione che non viene utilizzata, é esalata con la respirazione. E' rapidamente assorbito ed ossidato dagli eritrociti, il legame carbone-zolfo viene rotto ed i prodotti che risultano sono acido formico, ione sulfito ed ione solfato. Il metilmercaptano determina un'inibizione reversibile della citocromo c-ossidasi (allo stesso modo dell'acido solfidrico) con conseguente inibizione della respirazione dei mitocondri epatici e cerebrali (inibisce il trasferimento degli ioni) ed inibizione dell'attività ATPasi del potassio e del sodio a livello cerebrale. Come per l'acido solfidrico agisce a livello dei centri respiratori determinandone paralisi. Numero CAS Numero di registro del Chemical Abstract Service, sequenza numerica adottata dal CAS (Chemical Abstract Service, una divisione dell’American Chemical Society, Ohio, USA) per identificare univocamente specifiche sostanze. Il numero CAS è rappresentato da una sequenza numerica del tipo XXXXX-XX-X che include fino a nove cifre. idrogeno: 1333-74-0 Numero CE Codice numerico identificativo attribuito dalla CE. E’ rappresentato dal Numero EINECS per le sostanze esistenti e dal numero ELINCS per le sostanze nuove. N. EINECS: numero con cui la sostanza è identificata dall’EINECS (European Inventory of Existing Commercial Substances), cioè dall’Inventario Europeo delle sostanze chimiche esistenti a carattere commerciale. Detto numero è rappresentato da una sequenza di sette cifre del tipo XXX-XXX-X. Tale inventario contiene l’elenco delle sostanze presenti sul mercato Comunitario alla data del 18 settembre 1981 ed è stato pubblicato sulla GUUE nel 1990. N. ELINCS: numero con cui la sostanza è identificata nell’ELINCS (European List of Notified Chemical Substances). L’ELINCS rappresenta l’elenco, periodicamente aggiornato, delle sostanze notificate all’interno della Comunità Europea a partire dal 1981. Detto numero è rappresentato da una sequenza di sette cifre del tipo XXX-XXX-X. idrogeno: 215-605-7 Numero Indice Numero attribuito dalla CE alle sostanze classificate ufficialmente come pericolose ed elencate nell’Allegato I della Direttiva 67/548/CEE. E’ espresso in funzione del numero atomico dell’elemento più caratteristico delle loro proprietà. Il numero di ogni sostanza è rappresentato da una sequenza numerica del tipo ABC-RST-VW-Y, dove: ABC n. atomico dell’elemento più caratteristico o numero della categoria convenzionale relativa alle sostanze organiche; RST numero progressivo delle sostanze considerate nella sequenza ABC; VW indica la forma di cui la sostanza è prodotta o immessa in commercio; Y rappresenta la cifra di controllo. idrogeno: 001-001-00 Numero ONU Numeri di quattro cifre (Numero ONU) che caratterizza la sostanza secondo le Raccomandazioni ONU. diazometano: 1954 GAS COMPRESSO INFIAMMABILE, N.A.S. 3161 GAS LIQUEFATTO INFIAMMABILE, N.A.S. 3312 GAS LIQUIDO REFRIGERATO, INFIAMMABILE, N.A.S Note: il numero ONU dipende dallo stato fisico della materia Potenziale di bioaccumulo Il potenziale di bioaccumulo nei tessuti corporei degli organismi acquatici è il risultato della lipofilicità della sostanza. Il bioaccumulo può essere espresso mediante il Fattore di Bioconcentrazione (BCF) misurato sperimentalmente determinando la concentrazione della sostanza nell'organismo (in genere pesce) rispetto alla concentrazione nel mezzo (in genere acqua) in funzione del tempo. Il BCF è adimensionale. Ci si dovrebbe normalmente basare su valori di BCF determinati sperimentalmente. In assenza di dati sperimentali il BCF è stimato utilizzando il coefficiente di ripartizione n-ottanolo/acqua pur considerando che il Kow non tiene conto di eventuali trasformazioni metaboliche dell’organismo. o-toluidina: Sulla base del log Kow di 1,32 è stato stimato un BCF di 2,1. Sulla base dei valori di BCF stimati, non si prevede che la sostanza bioconcentri significativamente in organismi acquatici. Pressione di vapore Pressione di saturazione al di sopra di un solido o di un liquido. E’ espressa in Pascal. La volatilità di una sostanza pura dipende dalla tensione di vapore. Quanto più alta è la tensione di vapore tanto più il composto evapora facilmente. ammonio cloruro: 0,32 Pa 25 °C 133,3 Pa 160,4 °C Prodotti di combustione La combustione è una reazione chimica che comporta l'ossidazione di un combustibile da parte di un comburente con sviluppo di calore e radiazioni elettromagnetiche, tra cui e spesso anche la luce. Nel prevedere misure antincendio è necessario descrivere gli eventuali rischi fisici derivanti dai prodotti della combustione dell'agente chimico, i quali dipendono dalla natura del combustibile e dalle condizioni di reazione. sulfotep (ISO): La dispersione della sostanza nell'ambiente può essere causa d'inquinamento. Allontanare se possibile i contenitori della sostanza dal luogo dell’incendio o raffreddare, poiché se esposta ad irraggiamento termico o se direttamente coinvolta essa può dare origine a fumi tossici (POx, SOx) ed esplodere. La dispersione della sostanza nell’ambiente può essere causa di inquinamento. Note: a 150 °C il processo di decomposizione accelera. Prodotti di decomposizione pericolosi Sostanze pericolose note o che ragionevolmente si prevede che la sostanza possa produrre come risultato di ossidazione, riscaldamento o reazione con un’altra sostanza, inclusa la produzione di materiali infiammabili e tossici. troclosene sodico, diidrato: Decompone per riscaldamento o per contatto con acqua, sviluppando fumi densi e nocivi contenenti cloro ed altri gas tossici. Punto di infiammabilità Temperatura alla quale i vapori di una sostanza combustibile miscelandosi con l’aria a temperatura ambiente (circa 20 °C) e pressione atmosferica danno luogo all’accensione a contatto con una fiamma, allontanando la quale la combustione cessa. Il punto di infiammabilità è misurato per sostanze liquide e sostanze basso fondenti. fenobucarb: 142 °C (vaso chiuso) Schede correlate Identificazione dei principali composti correlati alla sostanza in esame presenti dell’Allegato I (es. isomeri; principali sali o esteri del composto di base; metaboliti o precursori). Ciascun correlato è identificato tramite nome chimico, numero CAS e numero Indice. aldrin (ISO): schede correlate - nome chimico: dieldrin (metabolita umano ed ambientale), N. CAS 60-57-1, N. Indice 602-049-00-9 dieldrin (ISO): schede correlate - nome chimico: aldrin (precursore), N. CAS 309-00-2, N. Indice 602-048-00-3 Sensibilizzazione La sensibilizzazione cutanea (dermatite allergica da contatto) è una reazione cutanea ad una sostanza mediata da fattori immunologici. Secondo l’Unione Europea sono sensibilizzanti quelle sostanze che per inalazione, ingestione o inalazione cutanea, possono dar luogo ad una reazione di ipersensibilizzazione per cui una successiva esposizione alla sostanza produce effetti avversi caratteristici. 4-amminoazobenzene: In lavoratori esposti si sono osservate reazioni cutanee da sensibilizzazione. Il principale metabolita della sostanza, la p-fenilenediamina, é un noto sensibilizzante cutaneo. Stoccaggio di materiali Lo stoccaggio è la collocazione di scorte in depositi, in attesa di venderle o utilizzarle. È necessario che lo stoccaggio venga eseguito in sicurezza, prevedendo tutte le precauzioni necessarie (ventilazione adeguata, temperatura, luce, umidità…). acido peracetico C>=25%: Proteggere i contenitori dal danneggiamento. Prevedere l'inertizzazione del contenitore o munirlo di dispositivi tagliafiamma. Prevedere la possibilità di raffreddare con acqua od altri sistemi i recipienti contenenti il prodotto. Ventilare adeguatamente l'area di stoccaggio in modo che possano essere diluite eventuali fuoriuscite di vapori dai contenitori. Prevedere apparecchiature elettriche conformi alla normativa vigente in materia di sicurezza elettrica per i luoghi con pericolo di incendio ed esplosione. Stoccare in luogo ben ventilato, asciutto e fresco. Conservare in recipienti chiusi ed etichettati. Proteggere dall'irraggiamento solare diretto. Minimizzare attraverso adeguati interventi di tipo procedurale ed impiantistico tutte le possibili sorgenti di perdita di sostanza. Mantenere lontano da tutte le fonti possibili di innesco. Non fumare. Mantenere lontano da alimenti, mangimi e bevande. Evitare accumulo di cariche elettrostatiche, soprattutto in occasione del travaso. Stoccare lontano da materiali incompatibili quali tra l'altro agenti riducenti, sostanze alcaline, acidi, sostanze organiche e metalli pesanti. Assicurare il collegamento a terra di serbatoi ed apparecchiature. Non utilizzare recipienti metallici, incluso l'alluminio (vedi p.10). La sistemazione dell'area di stoccaggio deve essere tale da impedire la percolazione nel suolo delle fuoriuscite accidentali. Tossicità a lungo termine Tossicità subacuta: comprende gli effetti tossici che si verificano negli animali del saggio come conseguenza della somministrazione di una dose o di un’esposizione ad una sostanza chimica ripetuta quotidianamente per una breve parte della loro prevista durata di vita; tale periodo per i ratti è normalmente della durata di 28 giorni. Tossicità subcronica: comprende gli effetti tossici che si verificano negli animali del saggio come conseguenza della somministrazione di una dose o di un’esposizione ad una sostanza chimica ripetuta quotidianamente per una parte della loro prevista durata di vita; tale periodo per i ratti è normalmente della durata di 90 giorni. Le prove di tossicità cronica sono condotte per la maggior parte o per l’intero arco di vita degli animali ed hanno la funzione di riprodurre un’esposizione continuativa e prolungata nel tempo (24 mesi per il ratto). benzene: L'inalazione cronica di piccole quantità di benzene può determinare una sintomatologia comune ad altre sostanze del tipo solventi, denominata "sindrome psico-organica". E' caratterizzata da sintomi aspecifici: astenia, mal di testa, perdita dell'appettito, calo ponderale, debolezza, irritabilità, nervosismo, disturbi del sonno e diminuzione nella capacità di attenzione. A livello cutaneo, un contatto prolungato, può comportare delle irritazioni locali. L'esposizione cronica alla sostanza determina depressione dell'attività del midollo osseo con leucopenia, anemia e/o trombocitopenia, che possono sfociare in anemia aplastica e pancitopenia. Si é osservata, nella maggior parte dei casi, una regressione con l'arresto dell'esposizione. Tossicità acuta - CL-50 (concentrazione letale mediana) Concentrazione di sostanza, valutata statisticamente, che si può prevedere causi la morte durante l’esposizione o entro un determinato tempo, consecutivo all’esposizione, del 50% degli animali esposti per un determinato periodo. Si esprime in termini di peso della sostanza in esame per volume standard di aria (mg/l). esaclorociclopentadiene: CL-50-4 ore (inalatoria): ratto: 18,1-35,0 mg/m3 (1,6-3,1 ppm) (maschi), 35-40 mg/m3 (3,1-3,5 ppm) (femmine) Tossicità acuta - DL-50 (dose mediana) Dose singola di sostanza, valutata statisticamente, che si prevede causi la morte del 50% degli animali trattati. Si esprime in termini di peso della sostanza saggiata per unità di peso dell’animale usato per il saggio (mg/Kg di peso corporeo). metil ioduro; iodometano: DL-50 (orale): ratto: 80 mg/kg (maschi), 132 mg/kg (femmine) DL-50 (cutanea): ratto: 110-220 mg/kg Valori limite Valore limite di esposizione professionale: limite della concentrazione media ponderata nel tempo di un agente chimico nell’aria all’interno della zona di respirazione di un lavoratore in relazione ad un determinato periodo di riferimento. Valore limite biologico: limite della concentrazione del relativo agente, di un suo metabolita, o di un indicatore di effetto, nell'appropriato mezzo biologico. I valori limite entrano a fare parte del processo di valutazione del rischio chimico a partire dalla fase di definizione di pericolosità dell’agente chimico stesso. Valori limite - Limite di Esposizione Professionale: BEI ACGIH Limite esposizione biologico previsto dall’ACGIH (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienist) BEI: indica il livello biologico dell’agente relativo o di un suo metabolita. I BEI indicano i rilievi su matrice biologica (urine, sangue ed aria espirata) di lavoratori sani esposti per inalazione ad una concentrazione dell’agente pari al TLV. toluene: Acido ippurico su urine, fine turno: 1,6 g/g creatinina. Toluene su sangue venoso, inizio ultimo turno della settimana: 0,05 mg/L. o-Cresolo su urine, fine turno: 0,5 mg/L. Valori limite - Limite di Esposizione Professionale: CE Limite esposizione ambientale stabilito dalla Comunità Europea: la Commissione europea ha incaricato lo SCOEL (Scientific Committee on Occupational Exposure Limits) di definire soglie di esposizione “senza effetto”. Lo SCOEL valuta il rischio di effetti nocivi sulla salute per esposizioni a determinate concentrazioni nel caso di sostanze per le quali non sia possibile definire questa soglia. toluene: TWA: 50 ppm, 192 mg/m^3 STEL: 100 ppm, 384 mg/m^3 Note: cute: possibilità di assorbimento significativo attraverso la cute. Si segnala che esiste il valore limite italiano ponderato nelle 8 ore e l'indicazione di assorbimento cutaneo sovrapponibili a quelli CE, mentre è assente il valore limite italiano a breve termine. Valori limite - Limite di Esposizione Professionale: MAK DFG MAK è l’acronimo di Maximale Arbeitsplatz-Konzentration. E’ la massima concentrazione nell’aria in ambiente di lavoro alla quale una sostanza chimica (come gas, vapore o particolato), generalmente, non provoca effetti avversi sulla salute dei lavoratori né causa fastidi, nemmeno se la persona è ripetutamente esposta per lunghi periodi (in genere 8 ore al giorno, assumendo una media di 40 ore settimanali di lavoro). E’ un valore ricavato come concentrazione media per un periodo superiore al singolo turno, ed è stabilito sulla base degli effetti delle sostanze chimiche; quando possibile, sono tenuti in considerazione anche gli aspetti pratici dei processi industriali. Per la determinazione di un valore MAK sono valutati gli effetti cancerogeni, sensibilizzanti, la tossicità sistemica a seguito di assorbimento percutaneo, i rischi durante la gravidanza e la mutagenicità verso le cellule germinali. I valori MAK, promuovendo la protezione della salute sul luogo di lavoro, rappresentano una base per giudicare il potere tossico delle concentrazioni delle sostanze sul luogo di lavoro. La lista è revisionata annualmente. difenilmetan-4,4'-diisocianato (MDI): MAK: 0,05 mg/m^3 Note: Possibilità di sensibilizzazione della cute e delle vie aeree. Cute: possibilità di assorbimento significativo attraverso la cute. Valore limite e indicazione di pericolosità sono riferiti alla frazione inalabile dell'aerosol. Valori limite - Limite di Esposizione Professionale: TLV ACGIH Limite di esposizione ambientale stabilito dall’ACGIH. TWA: limite proposto per 8 ore ogni giorno per tutto l’anno senza la comparsa di effetti sulla salute. STEL (short term exposure limit):limite cui si ritiene che il lavoratore possa essere esposto per 15 minuti per massimo 4 volte al dì con un intervallo di 60 minuti tra le esposizioni. Ceiling:limite oltre il quale non si può mai andare, la concentrazione che non deve essere superata durante l’attività lavorativa nemmeno per un brevissimo periodo di tempo. azinfos-metil (ISO): TWA: 20 ppm Note: sostanza potenzialmente sensibilizzante. Valore limite misurato su frazione inalabile e vapore. 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2020-24/0000/it_head.json.gz/1065

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Amtrak prepares EA to preserve location of possible future tunnel Amtrak has prepared an Environmental Assessment for the construction of an underground concrete casing to preserve a right-of-way for the future expansion of rail service between New Jersey and New York. The right-of-way preservation is being proposed at this time since a real estate development corporation, under an agreement with the Long Island Rail Road and the New York Metropolitan Transportation Authority, is constructing a development in the area above Hudson Yards. This development (referred to as the overbuild project) has all necessary local and state approvals and started construction in the southern portion of Hudson Yards in December 2012. Amtrak proposes to construct the concrete casing in conjunction with the overbuild project to preserve a viable location as an option for a future tunnel into Penn Station, New York. Once the real estate developer has built the foundations and platform for the overbuild project, it will be infeasible for Amtrak to construct a tunnel underneath the overbuild project. The proposed underground concrete casing involves construction of an underground rectangular structure that is 800 feet long, 50 feet wide and approximately 35 feet high. Amtrak anticipates constructing the proposed project using federal funding. Rail connections to Toronto Pearson airport to be studied

2018-17/0000/en_head.json.gz/18311

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« FIRST LOOK/ ON TV/ POWERBALL NICK CANNON WELCOMES A SON GOLDEN “SAGON” CANNON WITH BRITTANY BELL » CELEBRITY NEWS: FEBRUARY 22, 2017 http://www.imdb.com/news/celebrity Emme & Max Muniz (Jennifer Lopez & Marc Anthony’s kids) – 9 years old Drew Barrymore (Santa Clarita Diet/“The Wedding Singer”) – 42 years old James Blunt (Pop Singer) – 43 years old Lea Salonga (Miss Saigon on Broadway) – 46 years old Clinton Kelly (The Chew) – 48 years old Jeri Ryan (Star Trek: Voyager) – 49 years old Rachel Dratch (formerly of Saturday Night Live) – 51 years old Mia Michaels (So You Think You Can Dance) – 51 years old Kyle MacLachlan (Desperate Housewives) – 58 years old Dr. Julius Erving (former NBA Player) – 67 years old Julie Walters (“Harry Potter” movies) – 67 years old

2018-13/0000/en_head.json.gz/5053

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global_sydney (1) « global_sydney (1)

2022-33/0000/en_head.json.gz/8791

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(That's 404 in computer talk) What happened . . . The page you're looking for could not be found. We've noted the problem and will have our best developers find a solution. What you should do . . . Try finding the page another way, such as searching or using one of the menus. If you still have trouble, contact us! We love to help.

2017-22/0000/en_head.json.gz/18736

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All posts tagged with Science Trump Should Eliminate Fake Science “What Lies Upstream” is a documentary by Hyrax Films that includes interviews with Professor Marc Edwards at Virginia Tech and … http://www.smeared.news/2017-09-12-trump-should-eliminate-fake-science.html Commercial crabber calls out Al Gore on FAKE SCIENCE, explains sea level hasn’t changed at all since 1970 In promotion of his latest film, “An Inconvenient Sequel,” former vice president and global warming activist Al Gore is still … http://www.smeared.news/2017-08-10-commercial-crabber-calls-out-al-gore-on-fake-science-explains-sea-level-hasnt-changed-at-all-since-1970.html Think fake news is bad? Take a look at the even larger problem of fake medical research Following the 2016 presidential election, far-Left journalists, Democrats and #nevertrump Deep State operatives invented a number of excuses as to … http://www.smeared.news/2017-07-21-think-fake-news-is-bad-take-a-look-at-the-even-larger-problem-of-fake-medical-research.html FAKE SCIENCE: An astonishing one-third of all FDA-approved drugs turn out to have serious safety problems One of the most common arguments that skeptics of so-called “alternative” medicine make in opposition to its legitimacy is that … http://www.smeared.news/2017-05-17-fake-science-an-astonishing-one-third-of-all-fda-approved-drugs-turn-out-to-have-serious-safety-problems.html 04/01/2017 / By Earl Garcia FAKE SCIENCE? Video game research says “end of the world” apocalyptic scenarios will see humans calmly helping others rather than panicking The end of the world could mean chaos and catastrophe for many, but a new study based on video games … http://www.smeared.news/2017-04-01-fake-science-researchers-cite-video-game-to-declare-that-end-of-the-world-apocalyptic-scenarios.html Spineless Republican sellouts sign on to fake science “climate change” statement rooted in delusion Contrary to popular belief, liberalism isn’t a philosophy that belongs solely to the Democrat Party. Indeed, the insatiable appetite for … http://www.smeared.news/2017-03-21-spineless-republican-sellouts-sign-on-to-fake-science-climate-change-statement-rooted-in-delusion.html EPA’s “fake science” covered up the massive environmental crime of biosludge … Health Ranger film “Biosludged” to expose the mass poisoning of America When we think of environmental crimes, practices such as logging and fracking might come to mind, but some of the … http://www.smeared.news/2017-03-03-epas-fake-science-covered-up-the-massive-environmental-crime-of-biosludge-new-health-ranger-film-biosludged-to-expose-the-mass-poisoning-of-america.html

2020-29/0000/en_head.json.gz/5005

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La “Obra de Dieste” inicia un proceso de postulación para ser reconocida Patrimonio de la Humanidad Hasta el momento el casco histórico de Colonia de Sacramento y el Paisaje Cultural de Fray Bentos forman parte del listado internacional. Con motivo de la visita del representante de la Unesco, Ciro Caraballo, se realizó una sesión especial de la “Fundación Eladio Dieste”. La “Obra de Dieste” inicia un proceso de postulación con el objetivo de ser reconocida Patrimonio de la Humanidad. Hasta el momento el barrio histórico de la ciudad de Colonia de Sacramento y el Paisaje Cultural de Fray Bentos forman parte de ese listado internacional. En diálogo con la Secretaría de Comunicación Institucional, el asesor externo de la Unesco, Ciro Caraballo, calificó como “excelente” la obra del ingeniero Eladio Dieste. “Es un sistema constructivo altamente sostenible”, agregó. El experto explicó que la importancia de su obra permitió que esté inscripta desde año 2010 en la lista indicativa de Uruguay ante la Unesco. “Es un proceso largo, que implica cumplir con varios requisitos, pero los avances en materia de difusión, educación, participación y gestión son significativos a la hora de cumplir con las exigencias internacionales”, indicó. “La obra de Dieste es excepcional”, reiteró Caraballo. “Cuando uno ve un techo de ladrillo, que vuela de una pared a otra, a más de 50 metros, sin ningún apoyo, eso es magia”. “Dieste fue el Harry Potter de los ladrillos”, ejemplificó. La Iglesia del Cristo Obrero, o de Atlántida, como más se conoce a la edificación proyectada por el ingeniero Eladio Dieste, ha sido uno de los nueve edificios seleccionados por la Fundación Getty —de Los Ángeles— para la edición 2016 del programa Mantenimiento de la Modernidad. “Necesitamos el convencimiento institucional, el apoyo político, y sensibilizar a las comunidades que tienen obras de Dieste”, concluyó el experto. El acto se desarrolló este miércoles en el Salón Artigas con la presencia de varios integrantes de la fundación, entre quienes se encuentra el hijo de Dieste, el arquitecto Esteban Dieste. Fundación Eladio Dieste “Si bien es necesario contar con componentes y metodologías educativas, son imprescindibles los mecanismos de gestión”. “De ahí la importancia de contar con un instituto como es la 'Fundación Eladio Dieste', creada a finales de 2015", explicó Ciro Carballo. Estas instancias requieren de la participación de “donanes industriales”, que son aquellos emprendimientos que cuentas con obras de Dieste. “Sin ellos es muy difícil que el proceso avanece”, admitió. La fundación se enfrenta a desafíos “que no serán fáciles”, reconoció. "Hay que lograr apoyo empresarial, posicionamiento y comercialización de productos". “Las relaciones públicas; las relaciones institucionales con los organismos del estados y el mercadeo y financiamiento de las dinámicas son la clave para el éxito”, expresó en ese sentido. Foto: Gimnasio “Bellini” del Club Remeros Mercedes, donde puede apreciarse la talentosa huella dejada por Eladio Dieste (@gesor). No se ha podido realizar la consulta: You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near 'Fundación Eladio Dieste', creada a finales de 2015", explicó' at line 1 Ultima Consulta SQL UPDATE entry SET id='25525',cat='5',publish='2016-08-26 12:28:59',author='elecaille',title='La “Obra de Dieste” inicia un proceso de postulación para ser reconocida Patrimonio de la Humanidad',copete='Hasta el momento el casco histórico de Colonia de Sacramento y el Paisaje Cultural de Fray Bentos forman parte del listado internacional.',entry=' ',videos='0',published='1',column_id='0',cont='1' WHERE id = 25525

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Notes and advices about allergy Where is The Best Place to Live if I Have a Pollen Allergy? The National Allergy Bureau has a network of pollen counters across the country that uses air sampling equipment to capture airborne (pollen) allergens. The number of pollen grains are collected, counted, and recorded. Counting stations generally open in March and April, when pollen counts begin to grow. For people with a pollen allergy, the pollen count is a very important measure in their life.In warmer climates, the stations remain open all year. A definition of pollen count is the number of ragweed pollen grains in a volume of air over a 24-hour time span, in a particular place. A pollen allergy can be adversely affected by high local pollen counts. Pollen allergy counts are generally based on a count of 1 to 12. A low count is four and under; moderate is 4-8; high is 8 or higher. Since a pollen allergy is seasonal, there are places within the United States that might be better for some people to live where the count is lower. Many have considered Arizona and Nevada ideal because of the lack of plants that would spread wind-borne allergens. However, some cities have become more popular and residents bring plants and flowers with them; there has been an increase in pollen and, hence, pollen allergy sufferers. Some people move to avoid certain plants or allergens, and sometimes this is helpful. Mountains and forests generally have a low degree of weed pollen but may have quite a bit of tree pollen. Mountains, however, if bare, would not have the same result. Areas with a lot of human population including homes and farms generally have a high amount of grass pollens. The Pacific Northwest has a lower degree of weed pollen but has standard amounts of all other types. These are indicators that someone with a pollen allergy must consider on a daily basis.The Importance of Being Aware No matter where one lives or vacations, it is important to heed the local pollen count and stay indoors and/or away from allergens as much as possible to keep a pollen allergy from interfering in the pursuit of a healthy and happy life. There are various prescription and over-the-counter medications that can prove helpful in dealing with annoying symptoms.Avoiding a pollen allergy does not ensure that one will not have allergic reactions to other substances; for instance, smog, air pollution, and cigarette smoke are often more bothersome than pollen. An allergist or family practitioner can advise about relocation efforts or simple steps to take to make life more pleasant. Monday, April 2, 2007 | dzul89 Where is The Best Place to Live if I Have a Pollen...

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2009 Student Technology Survey – Post 6 Posted on February 9, 2009 by barrydahl Question 10 asked about which programs students were enrolled in. Nothing too exciting there. Question 11 looks at Internet browser usage by students. Almost 90% of the students use either IE or Firefox, with IE still leading the way by more than a 2-to-1 margin. Still, the usage of Firefox has increased in the past couple of years; from 3% in 2005, to 9% in 2006 and now 21.6% in 2008 (no survey given in 2007). Me? I use IE only when I absolutely have to. Firefox first choice, use Chrome and Flock quite often as well. In fact, it’s not unusual for me to have all three of those browsers running at the same time. I also use Safari on a MacBook and I use Mozilla SeaMonkey. I also like ATT Pogo, but I’m not sure if it is going to continue or not. Maxthon and Avant Browser have some positive qualities as well. (Click screenshot to enlarge) Nothing much different about question 11 where students indicate how many online courses they are taking during the current semester. We have lots of students who take only 1 or 2 online courses to fill in their on-ground schedule, plus we also have many students who are attending other colleges and taking one or two courses from us that count toward their degree programs at other schools. Filed under: Computing, Higher Ed | Tagged: Survey | Comments Off on 2009 Student Technology Survey – Post 6 Question #9 in the 2009 LSC Student Technology Survey took a look at student uses of the LSC student e-mail system. Each student is assigned a student.lsc.edu address when they enroll at LSC. We have a college policy that makes e-mail an official means of communication for the college. We have the normal issues of getting students to read their e-mail when we send them out “important” messages – and yes, “importance” is definitely in the eye of the beholder. Our students think that much of the mail we send to them is SPAM. Of course the sender doesn’t think so. We are looking at several opt-in newsletters as ways of cutting down on the messages that not all students want to see. We’ll see how well that works. (Click image to enlarge) As we saw in a previous post, most students (87%) have one or more additional e-mail accounts besides their LSC student account. We’ve often speculated that many of the students automatically forward their LSC message to another account. Mostly wrong – only 2.7% of the students report doing this. About 80% of the students consider their school account to be a secondary e-mail account, not their primary account. That doesn’t surprise me at all. 11% say they will continue to use their LSC account after they leave the college. We have continuing conversations about whether we should give students a lifetime e-mail account in order to develop a more active alumni community and to keep some sort of tie to the college after they leave. Not sure how to read into the 11% figure. Not sure if that will be worth the effort. We may want to consider some sort of free option (Google, MS, etc) that allows them to keep an LSC e-mail addy without us having to manage their accounts on a regular basis. Again, we’ll see. The most surprising news to me was the fact that 55% access their e-mail account through the student portal. The portal is less than two years old and I wasn’t sure how much traffic was going through the portal since they can still access all the services (including e-mail) without going into the portal. The portal is intended to be a single sign-on, one-stop-shop for all of our e-services. Quite frankly I didn’t think that this number of students were using it on a regular basis (at least not yet). So that’s a good thing.

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San Giuseppe I frati Attorno all'altare Ordine francescano secolare OFS Circolo San Giuseppe CantaConNoi (Coretto e non solo) Aula studio Consiglio oratorio Catechesi elementari Catechesi medie Catechesi adolescenti Cammino fidanzati Preparazione al battesimo Catechesi giovani Catechesi familiare Catechesi 30+ Orari s.Messe Testi liturgia San Giuseppe/ /VERBALE DEL CONSIGLIO PASTORALE DEL 17 SETTEMBRE 2018 VERBALE DEL CONSIGLIO PASTORALE DEL 17 SETTEMBRE 2018 PARROCCHIA SAN GIUSEPPE - COMO VERBALE DEL CONSIGLIO PASTORALE PARROCCHIALE DEL 17 SETTEMBRE 2018 1 PREGHIERA Si inizia con la preghiera comunitaria per la Celebrazione del Consiglio Pastorale Parrocchiale. 2 CONSIGLIO ORATORO: INFORMAZIONI AL CONSIGLIO PASTORALE P. Lorenzo relaziona sulla situazione aggiornata. E’ stata completata la composizione del C.d.O. con l’inserimento di Annalisa Tornielli rappresentante di famiglie e genitori. Il primo incontro si è tenuto il 6 settembre in cui ci si è concentrati sulla imminente festa dell’oratorio oltre che su alcune idee per il futuro. Il prossimo incontro si terrà il 28 settembre con l’obiettivo di definire il funzionamento del C.d.O. (regolamento) 3 VERIFICA DELLE ATTIVITA’ ESTIVE Da P. Lorenzo GREST: è durato 4 settimane ed in generale è andato bene. E’ stata utile la disponibilità dell’ex teatro con l’impianto di aria condizionata. La partecipazione è stata molto numerosa e molti sono stati gli adolescenti che hanno aiutato. La nuova impostazione ha avuto un buon riscontro. Non ci sono stati ragazzi problematici. E’ stato un impegno gravoso. Per l’anno prossimo ci vorrebbe una figura di riferimento rianimare e aiutare gli adolescenti in particolare nell’ultimo periodo dove emerge la stanchezza. Purtroppo molti adolescenti/animatori poi non frequentano l chiesa. P. Lorenzo li ha incontrati personalmente per proporre un discorso di fede. Il discorso funziona per alcuni (una decina) ma non per altri. La serata finale impostata come festa di conclusione e non come cena nonostante qualche protesta inziale alla fine è stata generalmente apprezzata. VACANZE RAGAZZI/GIOVANI: Si sono tenute a Fraciscio con una partecipazione che è andata dai 15 ai 20 ragazzi delle medie. Un gruppo abbastanza ristretto ma l’esperienza è stata molto positiva ed è da riproporre. 7 tra giovani e ragazzi hanno partecipato al pellegrinaggio nei monasteri della Toscana ospiti del monastero di Protovecchio. Esperienza molto positiva da p. Antonio VACANZA A CANCANO: Vorremmo che diventasse la vacanza parrocchiale. Sono momenti belli e forti. Hanno partecipato circa 3 persone ma c’è la possibilità di ospitarne anche fino a 60. Un modo per allargare la partecipazione e favorire l’inserimento di altre persone interessate potrebbe essere quello di anticipare la comunicazione sul periodo programmato. 4 PROPOSTE RACCOLTE DAI MEMBRI DEL CPP Il moderatore comunica che poche persone hanno inviato proposte e procede alla lettura della sintesi delle proposte ricevute organizzate per argomento (Liturgia, Famiglia, Catechesi, Festa di S. Giuseppe, Benedizione delle famiglie, Periodi forti, Anziani, Pastorale parrocchiale) che viene allegata al verbale. Sottolinea che il metodo può essere utilizzato anche in futuro per favorire la preparazione dell’O.d.G. e i lavori del Consiglio Dopo alcuni interventi il parroco riassume i punti che gli aspetti su cui concentrarsi sono: La formazione attraverso la catechesi in particolare quella proposta nei periodi forti con don Marco Cairoli. La valorizzazione e partecipazione a quello che già esiste (famiglia, catechesi giovani ,…) Attenzione particolare alla liturgia su cui sono già stati fatti alcuni interventi ma che necessita di un ulteriore valorizzazione. Le proposte pervenute meritano attenzione. Alcune di esse potrebbero essere più semplici da attuare (viene citata la celebrazione annuale per tutti i defunti della parrocchia=. Altre vanno approfondite anche come eventuali proposte interparrocchiali. La maggior partecipazione dei membri del CP in particolare alla formazione e catechesi e alla liturgia. Sono stati preparati i nuovi libretti dei canti utilizzati in particolare nella messa delle 10. Dovranno esserne stampati altri. Per favorire la partecipazione si utilizza una lavagnetta in cui indicare il numero del canto. Da Susanna dell’OFS: il 3 ottobre alle ore 20.30 ci sarà la celebrazione per S. Francesco. Viene chiesta la possibilità di animazione di pomeriggi domenicale per i ragazzi dell’OFS ma aperta a tutti. P. Lorenzo informa che già si fa ma non come iniziativa francescana e che il calendario è già stato fissato. OFS verificherà la compatibilità delle date. I proventi della vendita dei calendari vengono destinati ad iniziative caritative. La Caritas parrocchiale. da p. Andrea A marzo/aprile è prevista una giornata di formazione e preghiera sulla spiritualità di p. Pio con il coinvolgimento di fedeli di altre città. La data andrà opportunamente fissata tenendo conto delle date delle iniziative parrocchiali A tal proposito p. Lorenzo propone di tenere la festa patronale il 24 marzo 2019 in quanto il 17 marzo il vescovo riceverà i cresimandi della parrocchia. Una sovrapposizione che sarebbe opportuno evitare. Il Consiglio Pastorale si conclude alle ore 23.00. Il segretario Pubblicato in Consiglio pastorale Altro in questa categoria: « VERBALE DELLA SEDUTA DEL 5 GIUGNO 2018 VERBALE DEL CONSIGLIO PASTORALE DEL 19 NOVEMBRE 2018 » animazione messa 5° elementare segue incontro e pranzo catechismo 1°elementare ballo terza età Pomeriggio di giochi per bambini e ragazzi "nelle orme dei santi" catechesi per famiglie Incontro giovani aula studio medie catechismo elementari prove coretti burraco in oratorio Informazioni veloci Al fonte battesimale Alla casa del Padre Nuovi sposi Parrocchia di San Giuseppe Como via Bonomelli 4 22100 Como casa parrocchiale: 031 270118 oratorio: 031 305855 mail: per le info sul sito: per comunicare con il parroco e i frati: Questo sito o gli strumenti terzi da questo utilizzati si avvalgono di cookie necessari al funzionamento ed utili alle finalità illustrate nella cookie policy. Se vuoi saperne di più o negare il consenso a tutti o ad alcuni cookie, consulta la cookie policy. 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Letters of Robert Burns 1790-1796 by Burns, Robert, Ferguson, J. De Lancey, Roy, G. Ross 1 New from $1045.90 Publisher: Oxford University Press, Incorporated Burns, Robert, Ferguson, J. De Lancey, Roy, G. Ross The Letters of Robert Burns is a complete revision of the earlier text established by J. De Lancey Ferguson. A number of new letters have been added and completed from manuscripts that have come to light since the Ferguson edition-there are letters to twenty-five new correspondents-and footnotes have been expanded to indicate the source of all Burns's quotations where these can be identified. The endnotes have been expanded to indicate letters to which Burns's are answers as well as answers received by Burns to the letters he sent. An appendix contains Currie's List of Letters to Burns, a document of major importance as it represents a selection of letters that were in the poet's possession at the time of his death.Burns, Robert is the author of 'Letters of Robert Burns 1790-1796', published 1986 under ISBN 9780198123217 and ISBN 0198123213. 1 from $1045.90

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June 29 best guess when 2017 legislation takes effect, including Senate Bill 150 By David Thompson | on April 07, 2017 After checking around State Government this morning, perhaps I’ve finally landed on the date that legislation from the 2017 session takes effect. June 29. Now that’s for all legislation that did not have an “Emergency Clause” attached to it. For those new laws, they become effective when the ink dries from the Governor’s signature. For all other legislation, apparently June […] Into the Issues: Trust in the media in low, be it local or national By Al Cross, Institute for Rural Journalism and Community Issues Before getting into Al’s monthly column, here’s an opportunity for you. Al is offering these bumper stickers, Support Democracy / Subscribe bumper strip that you may have seen in the latest edition of Pub Aux. He is selling and mailing these pretty much at cost, $1 each for up to […] April 21 deadline to reserve a seat at Journalism Hall of Fame lunch The nine include Lewis Conn, Bill Matthews, Ron Daley, Dr. Mike Farrell, Mary D. Ferguson and Bettye Lee Mastin Just to remind you to make your reservation as soon as possible if you plan to attend the April 28 lunch. As an update: Recipient Tom Butler passed way Friday, March 31. Nine new members will join the Kentucky Journalism Hall of […] Herald-Leader series wins President’s Award Led to legislative study By Karla Ward, kward1@herald-leader.com A Herald-Leader series that explained how a property tax break intended to help farmers was being applied to 10-acre laws and land pegged for development has won a McClatchy President’s Award The judges called the series “an impressive example of identifying an outrageous problem that’s hiding in plain sight.” It prompted […] Laptop problem took me back to Typing class in ’63 Oh my asdfjkl;. I know that won’t get through spell check but… Wrote a few weeks ago about typing an email to KPA Vice President Jay Nolan. Only the J was reluctant to strike a letter on the screen and TO: Jay Nolan became TO: ay Nolan. Hold the key down for a couple of seconds and it would show […] In first two months, $4.6 million spent on lobbying Although the General Assembly was in session for just 20 days, $4.6 million was spent on lobbying in the first two months of the 2017 short session. Once again, the top spending lobbying organization was the Kentucky Chamber of Commerce, which spent $88,090, 19 percent more than the Chamber spent in the same period in last year’s long session. In […] Record number of firms registered to lobby state legislature As the 2017 General Assembly adjourned, 722 businesses and organizations were registered to lobby. That’s a nine percent increase since this time last year. The businesses and organizations which have registered to lobby in the past month are: Americans United for Separation of Church & State; Appalachian Citizens Law Center, Inc.; Celgene Corp.; Center for Education Reform; Kentucky Association of […] Are printed papers going the way of Sears and Macy’s? There are commonalities and that could be a good thing Peter W. Wagner, Founder, The N’West Iowa REVIEW The March edition of FORTUNE magazine forecasts a difficult future for America’s department stores. From total sales of $230 billion in the 1990’s. the figure dropped to $155 billion last year. “But big chains continue to command loyalty from older shoppers,” reports […] Qualify your advertising prospects By John Foust, Raleigh, NC You may have heard the old story about the door-to-door salesman who was selling vacuum cleaners way out in the country. When a lady came to the door, he dramatically emptied a bag of dirt onto the floor and boasted, “Ma’am, if this vacuum cleaner doesn’t get rid of every speck of this dirt, I’ll […]

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A Trendsetting Triple Threat: Monteverdi, Gluck, and 'Orfeo' Do you know which age old story inspired two of the most important works in the history of opera? It's the story of Orpheus, and its remarkable operatic history goes all the way back to the days when opera barely existed. The myth of Orpheus is among the most ancient in Western literature, and when it comes to opera, the story has been around from the very beginning: It's the subject Monteverdi chose when he wrote what's widely regarded as the first great opera ever composed, Orfeo, which appeared in 1607. It would certainly be hard to credit any one person with the invention of an entire form of art. For example, there is cave art as old as 30,000 years -- the earliest paintings ever discovered. But it would be hard to claim that the artists who created them actually invented painting. Surely there were earlier painters whose work simply hasn't survived. When it comes to music, courses on the history of Western music often start with Gregorian chant -- or even earlier, with the "Delphic Hymns" from ancient Greece. But those are just the earliest examples of music that was written down and preserved, not the earliest music ever created. Still, Claudio Monteverdi often gets credit for inventing opera -- which just may be an art form entirely unto itself. After all, opera is more than just music combined with storytelling. It's also stagecraft, poetry and even philosophy -- all rolled into one unique form of artistic expression. But, could Monteverdi really have invented that seemingly miraculous artistic mix? Technically, the answer is no. Opera evolved amidst a community of Italian artists in the last years of the 16th century. But nearly all of their earliest works have been lost. The ones that are still around aren't very satisfying, and they're almost never performed. That is, until you get to Monteverdi's Orfeo, in 1607. With Orfeo, Monteverdi created the first opera that both survived the centuries and stuck in the repertory -- a work of music and theater that displayed a brand new sort of artistic alchemy. Somehow, it managed to present the straightforward words of its characters, and express the anguished, chaotic emotions behind those words -- both at the same time, and with remarkable clarity and insight. You might call it the first opera that actually "works," and it's still working in opera houses all over the world more than 400 years after Monteverdi wrote it. In Monteverdi's Orfeo, along with other operas of the time, music was seen as a tool to serve the story. Words were set in a simple, declamatory style, with the music illuminating the poetry and drama of the libretto in a straightforward, no-frills manner But it didn't take long for opera to change -- drastically. As the 18th century rolled around, the trendiest operas were in the style known as <em>opera seria</em>, in which the words of an opera often took second place to rapid-fire, vocal virtuosity. Sometimes, it took dozens of notes to sing a single word -- or even a single syllable! Things got so extreme that by the middle of the 1700s, some composers were fed up, and even offended, by the way opera seria showcased virtuosity -- too often, they thought, at the expense of the written word. Chief among them was Christoph Willibald Gluck, who headed a movement to "reform" opera -- to take it back to its roots. He did this by returning to a simpler style, in which the music was less showy, and devoted simply to expressing the drama and poetry of the words -- as in Monteverdi's day. And not coincidentally, for one of his "reform operas," Gluck chose the same story that had inspired Monteverdi more than 150 years earlier: the story of Orpheus, the legendary poet and musician who sought out his dead wife Eurydice in the underworld. On World of Opera, host Lisa Simeone brings us a fascinating double bill, featuring both of these groundbreaking operas. Monteverdi's Orfeo comes to us from the Misteria Paschalia Festival in Cracow, Poland. Tenor Anicio Zorzi Giustiniani sings the title role, in a production led by conductor Claudio Cavina. After that, it's Glucks' Orfeo ed Euridice, in a production from the Göteborg Opera in Sweden featuring soprano Katerina Karnéus as Orfeo, and led by conductor Laurence Cummings. Carolina Live: Winston-Salem Symphony: St. John Passion Carolina Live: Winston-Salem Symphony Orchestra: Classics #3 Carolina Live: Western Piedmont Symphony: 2012-2013 Masterworks 2 Radio Chopin: Episode 175: Nobuyuki Tsujii: The Blind Chopinist Carolina Live: Davidson College: Kontras Quartet & Ruskin Cooper Memorial

2019-09/0000/en_head.json.gz/84

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Noah vs Jordan Triton Loyalty 500 Chastain Center Blvd. Suite 595 Kennesaw, GA 30144 By submitting a photo you agree that the submitted photo can be used for promotional purposes by WBNQ and Cumulus Radio.Mini MadnessOfficial Contest Rules A complete copy of these rules can be obtained at the offices of radio station WBNQ (“Station”), owned and operated by Cumulus Media Inc. or one of its subsidiary companies, 236 Greenwood Ave., Bloomington, IL 61704, during normal business hours Monday through Friday or by sending a self-addressed, stamped envelope to the above address.The Station will conduct the Mini Madness Contest (the “Contest”) substantially as described in these rules, and by participating, each participant agrees as follows:1. No purchase is necessary. Void where prohibited. All federal, state, and local regulations apply.2. Only legal U.S. residents age 18 or older with a valid Social Security number at the time of entry are eligible to participate in Station contests. Employees, agents, representatives, or affiliates of the Station, Cumulus Media Inc., its subsidiaries and affiliates, participating sponsors, other radio stations, television stations and print advertising companies serving the metro area, and their immediate family members and household members are not eligible to participate. The term “immediate family members” includes spouses, parents, siblings, grandparents, children, grandchildren and cohabiting significant others.3. An individual may win an on-going contest only once per six-month period unless otherwise specifically stated. An individual may win other seasonal or one-time contests only once for the duration of the contest. The Station reserves the right to limit the number of times an individual may enter a contest or drawing. 4. The contest will begin on March 7, 2013 and will run through April 8, 2013 (the “Contest Period”).5. There is one way to enter this Contest: visit the Station’s website atwww.wbnq.com, log into BNQ Benefits and upload a picture of their child age 18 months or younger. Entrants must be the parents or legal guardian of the child entered in the contest. Entrants must have full rights to the photograph provided; any claims of infringement will result in immediate qualification from the Contest. One entry per person, per household, per email address. All entries must be received by 11:59 PM on March 16, 2013. Late, incomplete or illegible entries will be disqualified.6. On March 18, 2013, the Station will randomly select sixty-four (64) entrants’ photographs to participate in the Contest. Entrants and their respective photographs will be placed in a contest bracket where, for each round, one photograph will vie against another photograph for the most listener votes submitted during the voting period using the listener’s BNQ Benefits account. The photograph with the most votes in each round will move on to the next round; the losing photograph will be disqualified from further participation. Voting will continue for six (6) rounds until one photograph remains, the entrant of which will be named the grand prize winner. If it is determined that the candidate is not eligible to receive the grand prize, in the Station’s sole judgment and discretion, another candidate will be randomly selected for eligibility consultation and this process will continue on until such time as an eligible candidate is found. In the unlikely event that no candidates are found to meet the specifications, then the prize will go un-awarded. In the event of a tie, the winner will be determined by and at the Station’s sole discretion. 7. One (1) grand prize will be awarded. The grand prize package consists of the following: $1,200 prize pack from Elan Studios, which includes two (2) family or children’s photography sessions ($200 value), canvas trilogy wall grouping ($800 value), and $200 package of gift prints, greeting cards or specialty products of the winner’s choice; and $1,000 in cash. All expenses and fees associated with the grand prize not expressly included in the foregoing prize description are the sole responsibility of the winner. Total grand prize package is valued at $2,200.00.8. One (1) second place prize will be awarded to the entrant who submitted the other photograph that competed in the final round. The second place prize package consists of the following: Pandora Sterling Silver Bracelet 7.5” (valued at $65.00), ‘Mom’ Charm (valued at $75.00), choice of ‘Boy’ or ‘Girl’ Charm (valued at $30.00), ‘Camera’ Charm (valued at $40.00) and two Purple Floral Vintage Spacers (valued at $25.00 each). All expenses and fees associated with the second place prize not expressly included in the foregoing prize description are the sole responsibility of the winner. Total second place prize package is valued at $260.00.9. Odds of winning depend on a number of factors including the number of eligible entries received and listeners participating at any given time. 10. All State, Local, Federal and or other taxes, duties, tariffs, title fees, licensing fees, or other fees for prizes awarded become the sole responsibility of the winner. All those who win a prize or prizes valued $600 or more in any given year will be issued an IRS Form 1099 to report their winnings.11. All prizes are awarded “as is.” Prizes are nontransferable and cannot be exchanged. No substitute prize will be awarded to a winner who declines to accept a prize. The Station reserves the right to require contestants to be present at drawings in order to win their prize. The Station shall not be responsible for the failure of participating sponsors to deliver the prizes or any part thereof as described herein.12. All prizes must be claimed in person at the Station at the address identified above during regular business hours and within ten (10) business days of winning, excluding holidays, unless otherwise agreed to by the Station at its sole discretion. After such time, ownership of said prize reverts back to the Station to be disposed of at its discretion. The winner then loses all claims and rights to said prize. Proper identification must be presented by any winner to claim prize. As a condition to receiving any prize, each potential winner must complete and sign a Winner’s Affidavit and Release, releasing the Station from all liability in connection with winner’s participation in the contest and acceptance, use, or non-use of the contest prize.13. All entrants and winners agree that the Station shall have no liability for any injury, misfortune, or damage to either persons or property incurred by entering, participating in, winning, or losing any contest and/or by the acceptance, use, or non-use of any prize received in connection with this contest.14. All entry blanks, forms, devices, and materials gathered during the course of entry, as well as all information contained on or within, shall become the sole property of the Station to be used, disposed of or destroyed in its sole discretion. The Station is not responsible for any incorrect or inaccurate information entered by website users, and assume no responsibility for any error, omission, interruption, deletion, defect, delay in operation or transmission, communications line failure, theft or destruction or unauthorized access to the Station’s website. 15. By participating in a Station contest in which text-message-based entry is permitted, entrants acknowledge that text messages are distributed and delivered through third party providers. Station does not guarantee, nor shall Station be in any way responsible for, the delivery or timeliness of any text message entry. Station will at all times consider the time that a message is logged as arriving in its system as being the time of entry, regardless of the time at which the entrant attempted to send the entry and any technical problems or other complications that may have delayed its delivery. Station is not responsible for service outages, message failures, transmission delays or any other factor affecting the availability or performance of the text messaging service. Contests with text-message-based entries are subject to the Station’s Privacy Policy. By participating in Station contests, entrants agree that the Station may contact that entrant at the telephone number from which the text message entry was received. All text message entries must come from a valid and identifiable telephone number. Station reserves the right, in its sole discretion, to disqualify any entry if that entry’s source and sender cannot be reasonably determined. Station, through its third party text messaging administrators, will store all messages received on its system. Station may require, on request, proof of identity as to the rightful owner of the phone number from which the text message entry was sent.16. All entrants and winners agree to give the Station and its licensees, affiliates, successors, and assigns the irrevocable and unrestricted right to use, re-use, broadcast, or publish their name, city of residence, photo, video tape, film or any other likeness, including portraits and pictures, in whole or in part, as part of a composite, retouched or distorted in character or form, and winner’s voice, recorded or live, for any reason the Station deems necessary without compensation, unless prohibited by law. All winners release, discharge, and agree to hold the Station harmless from any and all claims they may have against the Station in connection with the taking, production, or the use of winners’ name, city of residence, any photo, video tape, film or any other likeness, including portraits and pictures, in whole or in part, as part of a composite, retouched, or distorted in character or form and without restrictions as to any changes, transformations or alterations, and including winners’ voices, recorded or live. All winners further acknowledge that the Station owns or will own exclusively any photographs of such winners used for such purposes, including the copyrights in them, regardless of the form in which they have been or may be produced and used, and all winners assign all such ownership rights to the Station.17. By participating in the Contest, each participant agrees to receive email communications from the Station regarding Station events and contests. Any participant that opts-out of these mailings will also remove themselves from the contest. By participating in the Contest, where allowed by law, participants agree that the Station may disclose personal information obtained from participants in the Contest to third parties and use such information for marketing and other purposes. 18. By participating in the Contest, participants agree to be bound by the decisions of Station personnel. Persons who violate any rule, gain unfair advantage in participating in the Contest, or obtain winner status using fraudulent means will be disqualified. Unsportsmanlike, disruptive, annoying, harassing or threatening behavior is prohibited. The Station will interpret these rules and resolve any disputes, conflicting claims or ambiguities concerning the rules or the Contest and the Station’s decisions concerning such disputes shall be final. If the conduct or outcome of the Contest is affected by human error, any mechanical malfunctions or failures of any kind, intentional interference or any event beyond the control of the Station, the Station reserves the right to terminate this Contest, or make such other decisions regarding the administration or outcome as the Station deems appropriate. All decisions will be made by the Station are final. The Station may waive any of these rules in its sole discretion. ANY ATTEMPT BY A CONTESTANT OR ANY OTHER INDIVIDUAL TO DELIBERATELY CIRCUMVENT, DISRUPT OR DAMAGE ORDINARY AND NORMAL OPERATION OF THIS CONTEST, TELEPHONE SYSTEMS OR WEBSITES, OR UNDERMINE THE LEGITIMATE OPERATION OF THE CONTEST IS A VIOLATION OF CRIMINAL AND CIVIL LAWS AND SHOULD SUCH AN ATTEMPT BE MADE, STATION RESERVES THE RIGHT TO SEEK DAMAGES FROM ANY SUCH PARTICIPANT TO THE FULLEST EXTENT PERMITTED BY LAW.19. By participating in this contest, each participant agrees to waive any and all claims for damages for death, personal injury, loss of property or property damage that he or she may sustain as a result of his or her participation in the contest and/or the use of any prize, and any damages or losses arising from the implementation or carrying out of the contest or any participant’s failure to win the contest or receive the prize, and to release the Station, Cumulus Media Inc. and its subsidiaries, affiliates, directors, officers, employees, agents, and all contest sponsors from any and all liability arising out of or connected in any way with his or her participation in the contest, even though that liability may arise out of an intentional act, omission, negligence or carelessness on the part of the persons or entities mentioned above.20. A winners list may be obtained after April 8, 2013 by sending a self-addressed stamped envelope to the following address: 236 Greenwood Ave., Bloomington, IL 61705. 21. Participating Sponsors: Elan Studios, 1209 N Clinton Blvd., Bloomington, IL 61701 and Bremer Jewelry, 105 Krispy Kreme Dr., Bloomington, IL 61704.NO PURCHASE IS NECESSARY TO ENTER OR TO WIN. VOID WHERE PROHIBITED BY LAW. A PURCHASE WILL NOT INCREASE YOUR ODDS OF WINNING. ALL FEDERAL, STATE AND LOCAL LAWS, RULES AND REGULATIONS APPLY.This contest ("Contest") is sponsored by WBNQ VIP ("Sponsor"). The Contest is subject to these Official Contest Rules, which shall be deemed to include the specific information found on the contest microsite (the "Contest Microsite"): http://wbnq.listenernetwork.com/Contest/2j20YHThe Contest shall begin on the start date identified on the Contest Microsite and all entries must be placed and received by the deadline specified on the Contest Microsite (the "Submission Period").To enter the Contest you must click to enter, or if rewards points are required, you must submit the required number of Points specified on the Contest Microsite. The Points will be deducted from your account when you submit your entry. The maximum number of entries allowed for this Contest (and the frequency with which you can enter, if multiple entries are permitted) is specified on the Contest Microsite. (The number of Points required for an entry will be determined separately for each contest, but typically range from 500 to 10,000 Points, and in some contests no Points are required for entry.) An entry will not be valid unless all of the required fields of the online registration form are completed and the information is validated. Once submitted, an entry cannot be deleted, canceled or modified, except by the Sponsor or Service Provider (as defined below).In the event of a dispute as to entries submitted by multiple individuals using the same computer, an entry will be deemed to have been submitted by the authorized registrant of the contest account from which the entry is made. The authorized registrant is deemed to be the natural person who is assigned a username and password to participate in the contest and all decisions regarding the identity of the authorized registrant shall be made by Sponsor in its sole discretion.You may also participate in a Contest through an offline entry. No Points are required for an offline entry. To enter offline, you must mail a 3" x 5" card to our Contest service provider, Enticent ("Service Provider") at: Triton Digital, 500 Chastain Center Blvd., Suite 595, Kennesaw, GA 30144. You may enter offline as described in the Contest Microsite, but limit one card per outer postmarked envelope. The card must include the following information in legible, hand-printed or typed English: your full legal name, complete home postal address, home telephone number with area code, the user name and email address you entered when you registered for the Service, your age, gender, the entry title, the entry description, a digital copy of the entry itself on CD and the name and URL of this Contest. All offline entries must be received on or before the end of the Submission Period, except that if the Submission Period ends on a Saturday, Sunday or holiday, your offline entries must be received by the immediately following business day. If you are concerned about your mail-in entry being received by the entry deadline, then during the last three business days of the Submission Period you may fax in a photocopy of your offline entry card for the Contest. Limit one card per facsimile. The facsimile must contain a photocopy of the card with the full information listed above and must be received by the end of the Submission Period. After faxing a copy of your entry card, you must still mail in your original entry card for your facsimile entry to be valid. Your original entry card and entry materials must be postmarked prior to the end of the Submission Period and must be received no later than 4 days after the end of the Submission Period. If your original entry is not received by mail within 4 days after the end of the Submission Period, your facsimile entry will be void and you will forfeit any and all interest in the prize(s). Send all facsimiles to (678) 999-4934. Sponsor and its Service Provider are not responsible for any incomplete, late, lost, misappropriated, illegible, damaged, postage-due or misdirected mail-in entries, or for failure to receive online or facsimile entries due to transmission failures or technical failures of any kind, including, without limitation, malfunctioning or unavailability of any network, hardware or software, whether originating with sender or Sponsor or Service Provider. Regardless of entry method, the following are void and ineligible to enter or win: (i) entries submitted by third parties; (ii) mechanically or electronically reproduced entries; or (iii) multiple entries generated by means of software or other automated processes.All entries become the property of Sponsor and Service Provider, and none will be returned.Eligibility Contests are open to natural persons and legal residents of the United States. You must be at least 13 years of age to enter unless a different age eligibility requirement is specified on the Contest Microsite. You must have a valid street address in the United States (a P.O. Box address will not suffice). Employees or agents of the Sponsor, Service Provider, Enticent, and each of their respective affiliates, subsidiaries, and parent companies and the immediate family members of and persons domiciled with such persons are not eligible to enter or win.Release and License Except where prohibited, by entering the Contest, you agree that Sponsor and Service Provider, and their affiliates, advertising/promotion agencies, and prize suppliers, and each such company’s officers, directors, employees, agents, representatives, successors, assigns, and licensees (collectively, the “Releasees”) have the right to publish your entry(ies) on the Contest website and to broadcast, publish, or otherwise use your entry(ies) and/or your name, appearance, voice, biographical information, and likeness in connection with the Contest or for any other commercial, publicity, or promotional purpose, in any manner or medium throughout the world in perpetuity, without limitation, review or approval, or compensation to you. By entering, you grant the Releasees an exclusive, royalty-free and irrevocable license and right to telecast, broadcast, copy, edit, adapt, modify, reproduce, publish, create derivative works of, distribute, use, or otherwise publicly display any or all of your entry(ies), or any portion thereof, in any manner or medium throughout the world in perpetuity, for commercial, publicity, or promotional purposes, and to license others to do so, without limitation, review or approval, or compensation to you.Prizes Prizes for this Contest include only those items expressly listed on the Contest Microsite. The Approximate Retail Value of each prize is specified on the Contest Microsite.A Sponsor-selected panel of judges experienced in graphic design will score entrants through a combination of popular vote (40%) and judgment of entry appeal (60%). The entrant(s) with the highest score(s) will be named the potential winners. In the event of a tie, the winner will be the entrant with the higher score for the “entry appeal” factor. All panel decisions are final.AN ENTRANT IS NOT A WINNER OF ANY PRIZE UNLESS AND UNTIL THE POTENTIAL WINNER HAS BEEN VERIFIED BY SPONSOR AND/OR SERVICE PROVIDER, AND SPONSOR AND/OR SERVICE PROVIDER HAS/HAVE NOTIFIED THE POTENTIAL WINNER THAT VERIFICATION IS COMPLETE. All results are unofficial until verified by Sponsor and/or Service Provider. Even if an entry is shown on the Contest website as a leader or winner that entry has not yet won.No substitution of any prizes except by Sponsor. No prize transfer permitted. No prizes will be refunded or exchanged for cash. If a prize is unavailable, Sponsor reserves the sole right to substitute a prize of equal or greater value. All taxes on prizes, and all fees and expenses related to acceptance and use of a prize which are not included on the prize description on the Contest Microsite are the sole responsibility of the winner. As applicable, winner will be issued an IRS Form 1099 based on the prize value determined by Sponsor. Winner(s) may be required to provide their Social Security Numbers to Sponsor for tax reporting purposes. No prizes will be shipped to an address outside the United States.Winner Notification and Affidavits Sponsor will notify a winner using the email address provided with that winner’s entry. Winners may be required to sign and return an Affidavit of Eligibility and Release of Publicity and Liability within 14 days of notification of winning. Failure to sign and return the affidavit and release within such period or to comply with any term or condition of these Official Rules may result in disqualification and forfeiture of any interest in a prize. In the event the winner cannot be reached within 14 days following attempted notification, or if the prize or prize notification is returned as unclaimed or undeliverable, the prize will be forfeited and an alternate winner may be selected based on the entrant with the next highest score. Up to 2 alternate winners may be selected for each prize, after which such prize will remain unawarded.Limitation on Liability By entering, all entrants release Sponsor, Service Provider, and their respective affiliates, subsidiaries, parent companies, officers, directors, agents, promotional partners and employees from any and all liability with respect to or in any way arising from this Contest and/or acceptance or use or mis-use of any prize, including, but not limited to, liability for personal injury, death, damages, or loss. Sponsor and Service Provider are not responsible for prize quality or utility, and are not responsible for any incorrect or inaccurate information, whether caused by entrants, website users, or by any of the equipment or programming associated with or utilized in the Contest, or by any technical or human error which may occur in the processing of submissions in the Contest. Sponsor and Service Provider assume no responsibility for any error, omission, interruption, deletion, defect, delay in operation or transmission, communications line failure, theft or destruction or unauthorized access to, or alteration of entries. Sponsor and Service Provider are not responsible for any problems or technical malfunction of any telephone network or lines, computer on-line-systems, servers or providers, computer equipment, software, failure of email or players on account of technical problems or traffic congestion on the Internet or at any website or combination thereof, including injury or damage to participants or to any person's computer or data related to or resulting from participating or downloading materials in this Web site or Contest. Sponsor and Service Provider are not responsible for cheating or fraud by any entrants. Any activities intended to disrupt or interfere with the proper play of the Contest, or to defraud the Sponsor or Service Provider in any way may be prosecuted to the fullest extent of the law. Participants engaging in any of the foregoing activities will be disqualified and will forfeit any prizes won. If, for any reason, the Contest is not capable of operating as planned, including, without limitation, as a result of infection by computer virus, bugs, tampering, unauthorized intervention, fraud, technical failures, or any other causes beyond the reasonable control of Sponsor and/or Service Provider which corrupt or affect the administration, security, fairness, integrity or proper conduct of this Contest, Sponsor and/or Service Provider reserve the right at their sole discretion to cancel, terminate, modify or suspend the Contest and award prizes among eligible entries received prior to the termination date. Only the number of prizes stated in these Official Rules and/or the Contest Microsite are available to be won in this Contest. In the event that production, technical, seeding, programming, or any other reasons cause more than the stated number of prizes to be available and/or claimed, Sponsor and/or Service Provider reserve the right to award only the stated number of prizes based upon the entries that received the highest scores.Contest Disputes As a condition of participating in this Contest, participant agrees to be bound by these Official Rules and that any and all disputes which cannot be resolved between the parties, and any causes of action arising out of or connected with the Contest, shall be resolved individually, without resort to any form of class action. Participants consent to the exclusive jurisdiction of the courts located in Cobb County, Georgia, and agree that all matters pertaining to these Official Rules and disputes arising hereunder shall be governed by and interpreted in accordance with the laws of the State of Georgia, without regard to any conflicts or choice of law rules or provisions (whether of Georgia or any other jurisdiction). Further, in any such dispute, under no circumstances will participant be permitted to obtain awards for, and participant hereby waives all rights to claim, punitive, incidental or consequential damages, including attorneys' fees, other than participant's actual out-of-pocket expenses (i.e., his or her costs associated with entering this Contest), and participant further waives all rights to have damages multiplied or increased. The invalidity or unenforceability of any provision of these Official Rules shall not affect the validity or enforceability of any other provision. In the event that any provision of these Official Rules is found to be invalid or unenforceable, these Official Rules shall be construed in accordance with their terms as if the invalid or unenforceable provision was not contained therein.Winner's List For a Winner's List, available thirty (30) days following the end of the Contest, send a self-addressed, stamped envelope to: [Insert contest name], Triton Digital Contest Winner's List, 500 Chastain Center Blvd., Suite 595, Kennesaw, GA 30144. VT residents may omit return postage for winners list requests.Sponsor This Contest is operated by the Sponsor. To contact the Sponsor, write to Service Provider, c/o Enticent, 500 Chastain Center Blvd., Suite 595, Kennesaw, GA 30144. Sponsor and Service Provider are not responsible for typographical, printing, or other errors in these Official Rules or in other materials relating to the Contest.This Promotion is in no way sponsored, endorsed or administered by, or associated with, Facebook.

2017-04/0000/en_head.json.gz/6470

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Jack's Viral Videos

2020-29/0000/en_head.json.gz/10969

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Colloques, Conférences, Rencontres Samedi, Débat autour d’un livre, Forums Problème de Chargement…

2017-34/0000/fr_head.json.gz/252

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#CampaniaRacconta: Passaggio di testimone tra Antonella Cilento e Emilia Besabea Cirillo Al termine del primo incontro del ciclo di appuntamenti con "Mi racconti una storia?" la scrittrice napoletana Antonella Cilento consegna il libro "testimone" con il quale proseguire l'itinerario narrante di #CampaniaRacconta. Pubblichiamo qui di seguito il testo che accompagna il passaggio del quale è destinataria Emilia Bersabea Cirillo. "Che responsabilità consegnare un libro, passare il testimone! E, soprattutto, doverne scegliere uno e nessun altro fra i molti che rappresentano la vera letteratura e dunque il vero senso dell’arte, dell’incontro, dell’avventura umana! Voglio passare dalle mie mani a quelle dell’autrice e amica che mi seguirà un libro-tesoro, allora, di quelli che si trovano con difficoltà perché l’editore stenta a ristamparlo, di quelli preziosi che tutti dovrebbero leggere perché in tanti potrebbero averlo scritto, data l’intensità delle storie personali e familiari e la condivisione di esperienze generazionali che raccoglie, ma solo una, Fabrizia Ramondino, ha realizzato. L’opera prima di Fabrizia s’intitola “Althenopis”, è un libro uscito da Einaudi nel 1980, anno di svolta per la letteratura in Italia, l’anno de “Il nome della rosa” di Umberto Eco e di “Altri libertini” di Pier Vittorio Tondelli, per dire due titoli diventati, per ragioni diversissime, riferimenti, boe di passaggio fra generazioni diverse. Ma è, appunto, anche l’anno di questo curioso romanzo, costruito per capitoli fatti di luoghi o di personaggi, nonne, zie, mamme, e di città ma anche di stanze di una casa, quella materna, esplorata come un utero. Noi siamo le case che abitiamo. E siamo le città dove viviamo. Scrisse anni dopo Fabrizia Ramondino, in un altro suo libro, che Napoli non è una città materna ma una città balia, di quelle che curano i figli e poi li cedono ad altri destini, ad altri paesi. Per lei era stato vero poiché da Napoli per un lungo periodo fuggì, abitando in Germania, in Spagna, ma poi vi tornò, installandosi nel centro del centro storico, in una biforcazione antichissima dei decumani, per poter guardare da vicino l’umanità che le sembrava più vera: senza dimora, mendicante, umile, popolare. Lei, che era di famiglia colta e benestante ma che, come racconta in “Althenopis”, aveva in fondo avuto un’infanzia selvaggia, avventurosa e mascolina. In questo romanzo la Napoli della guerra e del dopoguerra, mai nominata, “Althenopis” ovvero occhio di vecchia, come i tedeschi la chiamavano, e Itri e Castellammare e molti altri luoghi non sono designati con i nomi reali ma con i nomi dell’immaginazione, un po’ come aveva fatto cinque anni prima Anna Maria Ortese ne “Il Porto di Toledo”, il suo più sfortunato e interno libro. Nominare un luogo e le persone che lo abitano trasformando la loro identità fantasmatica è il compito di questo meraviglioso libro, che parla di vecchi e giovani, di lingue speciali, il dialetto e le invenzioni della giovinezza, di corpi e di trasformazioni, del mistero del cuore umano, come avrebbe detto Flannery ‘O Connor, senza mai perdere di vista l’ironia, la comicità ventrale che è di Napoli e nemmeno il dramma, o le lingue che la rendono insieme internazionale, mondiale, apolide eppure anche locale, chiusa, provinciale. Una capitale e una periferia al tempo stesso. Le bambine di ogni età si ritroveranno nelle pagine di questo libro e s’interrogheranno sul perché le cose vanno in un certo modo, perché si vive e perché si muore, perché non ci capiamo quando parliamo e perché talune spiegazioni è bene metterle in nota, come buffamente accade in questo libro, e dalle note queste stesse informazioni diventano sottostorie, come se altre voci ancora, insieme a quelle dei personaggi, prendessero parola. Libro, dunque, di fatti e di luoghi e anche di sogni, di spiriti, di evocazioni, libro di morti. Possiamo stare al mondo e possiamo stare a Napoli senza aver letto “Althenopis”? Secondo me no. Poiché la letteratura italiana, quella vera, quella che passerà i secoli, se ancora secoli restano a quest’arte, è stata fatta soprattutto da donne (Morante, Banti, Ortese, Ramondino) e noi tutti e tutte siamo loro debitrici." Antonella Cilento Pubblicato da Maria Elena Napodano a 11:17 Etichette: #CampaniaRacconta, Antonella Cilento, Emilia Bersabea Cirillo, Mi racconti una storia?, Mondo ACLI

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Brian Campbell Rumors and Thoughts By Anthony Casale The draft has come and gone just as quickly and now it’s back to free agency and a slew of rumors regarding the Sharks and their future. A big name with plenty of different opinions surrounding him is Brian Campbell. Is he going to leave? Is he worth $7 million that he is asking for? Are they trying to trade him for something rather than lose him for nothing? Just some speculation about the future with so many questions to be answered. Campbell became a Shark at the trade deadline when he was traded from Buffalo. He was in the last year of his contract and it was a known concern of Sharks management whether he would re-sign. It has been reported that the Sharks are giving plenty of teams the right to negotiate with the defenseman. This is to be expected since it would be extremely hard to find the money to sign him to the $7 million asking price and keep some cap room for the future. San Jose is also said to be trying to find trade partners for him instead of losing him for nothing. Testing the trade waters is the right thing to do in my opinion; if they are looking to get rid of him, time is running out. Another big piece of evidence supporting his departure from San Jose would be that, well, it was reported he said he wanted to leave. Don’t assume that he had a bad time with the Sharks--I’m sure that is far from the truth. He has said that he has wanted to go back to the Eastern Conference, namely the Northeast Division. All signs point towards the fact that he wants to be near Buffalo, if not in Buffalo. Campbell is openly talking to teams, which seems to be vice-versa from what should be happening. Should the Sharks let him walk if they don’t get a decent offer for him? I believe they should but this could cause problems in an offense that will need a puck-moving defenseman. This will then give the Sharks another need in the offseason, but with much room under the cap they should be able to handle it. Although I think Campbell is worth $7 million a season, during the salary cap era it is best to watch him walk and look for other players to fill the spot. The Sharks will have a big issue on their hands a couple years down the road when Patrick Marleau, Jonathan Cheechoo, and Joe Thornton’s contracts are up. The offensive system allows for successful puck moving defensemen and, I have confidence in the organization to find one without signing the big contract. Share Follow San Jose Sharks from B/R on Facebook Follow San Jose Sharks from B/R on Facebook and get the latest updates straight to your newsfeed! Sharks Keep Playoff Hopes Alive with Win from FeartheFin.com « Previous Sharks Newsletter We'd like to send you the most entertaining San Jose Sharks articles, videos, and podcasts from around the web.

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