Newsgroup: it.sport.arti-marziali
Titolo: [arti marziali cinesi] Interno/esterno: un'altra visione delle cose - lungo

Una interessante spiegazione del concetto di arte marziale interna ed
esterna più vicina alla mentalità occidentale.... l'autore è un americano,
tale Ken Fish e pratica shaolin kung fu.
Here in America, the internal component of martial arts
training has taken on new, and from a Chinese viewpoint,
foreign meaning. An analogy to the transformation of
Chinese food in America would not be inaccurate or
inappropriate. Authentic Chinese cuisine is unavailable
to most Americans, even in the larger Chinatowns which
are to be found on either coast. After initial attempts to
serve foods which were true to the Chinese palate proved
economically disastrous, Chinese restaurateurs quickly
learned to modify traditional dishes and create new ones
which Americans would accept. The result is a cuisine
which is neither Chinese nor American, lacking the depth
and complexity of flavor of native Chinese food. Today
even Chinese customers of these restaurants may have to
specify that dishes be made to Chinese taste, particularly
if a Westerner is at the table with them. Sadly, there is
no guarantee that the food emerging from the kitchen
will be the genuine article, as the majority of kitchen help
learned their trade in this country!
If in the example above we substitute martial arts
for food, the situation is probably even more abysmal.
Over the past 20 years Chinese martial arts have become
popular at the expense of skill and content. By this
I mean that in order to sell the product to an eager
audience, great pains have been taken to portray Chinese
martial arts as something for everyone, taught by just
about anyone, divorced from the training methods and
goals which in times past produced high levels of physical
skill and control. This problem is compounded in the
internal martial arts by association with things "new
age", and an emphasis by some writers on "personal
development through movement", using terms like "a
walk through one's innerscape" to lend a spiritual aura
to what is first and foremost a physical endeavor. What
then are the criteria to look for in training the internal
aspects of Chinese martial arts? First, principles of
movement.
Chinese martial arts emphasize moving the entire body
as a single unit to perform any particular movement. By
moving as a single unit I do not mean moving stiffly with
ones joints locked in position. Rather, I mean that in
any action, for example stepping forward and striking,
one's hips and shoulders should remain vertically aligned
with each other, that one's fist and arm should move
in unison with the body's motion, and that the entire
structure should appear balanced and driven by one's
hips and legs. Second, one must ask how power is
developed and driven through the structure. Some
Chinese language texts go into various aspects of trained,
coordinated strength (ching), one author even identifying
eighteen different kinds of ching, including sticking,
motion sensitivity ("listening"), coiling, continuity, and so
on. Rather than engage in so detailed a discussion of the
different kinds of ching, I will instead introduce terms
which all Northern Chinese martial arts use to describe
the major levels of ching development.
1. Ming ching: sometimes translated as "obvious power".
This refers to the training of muscular strength in
isolation, basic alignment, coordination of the hips, legs,
and arms, and development of a firmly planted stance
dynamically stabilized by opposing tensions. Force is
exerted from the coordinated thrust of the legs, turning
of the hips, and the flexing of the hip and shoulder joints.
Exertion of force, alignment, and the effects of the action
are all clearly discernible to the observer.
2. An ching or "hidden" strength. At this stage training
involves learning to control muscles not usually thought
of as being under conscious control, for example the
intercostals which surround and lie between the ribs, the
erector spinae groups along the spine, the illio-psoas deep
within the abdomen, and so on. One learns to stretch
and contract the joint spaces (elbow, knee, intercostal
spaces) to achieve increased force, leverage, and torque.
When force is exerted in this manner its origin is
not visible to the untrained observer, hence the term
"hidden".
3. Hua ching or refined force . Use of force at this level
involves the ability to subtly contract several large muscle
groups in a manner almost imperceptible to one ' s
opponent. In addition, by this time one has learned to
unbalance one's opponent upon contact, so that when
force is exerted one 's opponent may believe that he has
done something to make him miss the mark.
Northern Shaolin martial arts, Hsing-I, Pa Kua, Ch'en
family T'ai Chi Ch'uan, and other indigenous northern
styles all use the above terms to describe the various
levels of trained skill. In part this is because several, if
not all of them share common roots. Northern Shaolin
martial arts prior to the Ch'ing dynasty placed emphasis
on both internal and external training (neikung and
waikung, respectively). The founder of Hsing-I Ch'uan,
Chi Lung-Feng, was well versed in Northern Chinese
military martial arts, particularly spear, and there is
evidence that he spent time training at the Shaolin
temple in Honan. Ch'en Wang-Ting, credited with
the development of what later became known as T'ai
Chi Ch'uan, was also from a military background. He
combined indigenous martial arts (allegedly the 32
movement boxing common in the Ming dynasty) with
Shaolin 's hsin-I boxing and other elements . (Hsin-I is
almost extinct today. I have seen the form, and it bears
a strong resemblance to Ch'en family T'ai Chi Ch'uan) .
Tung Hai-Ch'uan who popularized Pa Kua in the latter
half of the Ch'ing dynasty was known to have been well
skilled at Luohan Ch'uan, one of the major systems of
Northern Shaolin martial arts.
If a system trains the student to develop skills outlined
above, it is "internal". In light of this I prefer to refer
"complete" and "incomplete" training methods. To my
mind, most "internal" martial artists are sorely lacking in
the prerequisite physical skills of Chinese martial arts.
Structure and physique are frequently given insufficient
attention, as are the necessary coordination components
from whence the mechanical strengths of Chinese martial
arts are generated. Their training is simply incomplete.
The same may be said for those martial arts performers
whose skills lean towards the gymnastic. Neither achieves
anything more than a portion of the most basic level
of skill (ming ching).
Control of this sort does not come from forms practice,
rather forms practice should be used to ingrain the
basic structural alignments and to learn how to employ
the various kinds of ching in motion. It follows then
that forms training is not the most basic training. In
traditional Chinese martial arts training, the student
was first required to spend considerable time training
alignment in static postures, augmented by footwork and
coordination drills. Specialized exercises were devised
to train the large muscle groups to exert force in unison
while maintaining proper alignment and balance, as well
as structural and mechanical abilities such as increased
hip flexion and rotation. Only when the student had
mastered this basic foundation were forms introduced.
A similar training sequence was repeated at each level
of training, progressively training and gaining control of
smaller and deeper muscle groups.

ahò! ma che palle 'sti post in inglese!!!!
A me interessano molto le AM cinesi, ma ogni volta devo tradurre 'sti
post...

 post...
"Studia" [cit.]   ; PPPPPPPPPP
Gyork (WingTsun & Escrima)
-- 
www.EWTOSanMarino.com

 "Studia" [cit.]   ; PPPPPPPPPP
 Purtroppo mi sono laureato in giurisprudenza e il mio inglese č alquanto
arrugginito...vorrei tanto riprendere in mano i libri di inglese ma non ho
proprio tempo...dovrei mettere da parte quelli per l'esame di avvocato e per
il concorso nell'amministrazione penitenziaria...tu che mi consigli?
;-)))))))))))))))))))))))

 ;-)))))))))))))))))))))))
Ti consiglio di non studiare l'inglese in maniera "scolastica", ma di
approfittare di quello che trovi su internet o in televisione, in modo da
impratichirti senza dovere rubare tempo agli altri importanti studi che sti
facendo.
Leggiti gli articoli direttamente in inglese, anche senza capirli del tutto,
guardati film o telgiornali in inglese (consiglio: se vedi RaiSat, fatti il
David Letterman Show,tutti i giorni alle 14:00, che č pure sottotitolato).
Con una cura del genere in 4-5 mesi il tuo inglese farą passi da gigante,
garantito ; )


 ;-)))))))))))))))))))))))
usa il pesce
babelfish.altavista.com
ciao
Sammy

...

   Quoto.
    Ciao
      Luna

 
   ??????????????????????
    Ciao
      Luna

 
babelfish.altavista.com
Come tutti i traduttori automatici, però, è letterale!