Newsgroup: it.sport.atletica
Titolo: Correre dopo i 40 fa bene?

qualche dubbio qualcuno ce l'ha
 
http://t.co/zP8DkWJZ
 


 
Bah!! Lo studio in sé è ancora tutto da capire... l'articolo invece dice 
e un sacco di fregnacce!

 e un sacco di fregnacce!
 
retwittato da Riotta dicendo "correre fa male", mi sono dovuto trattenere
dal rispondergli a male parole

 dal rispondergli a male parole
 
E' quello che panzoni sedentari aspetterebbero da anni.
 
 

 qualche dubbio qualcuno ce l'ha
 
Eh, arrivarci a 40 km/h…

 
http://t.co/zP8DkWJZ
 
 
Da dove scrivo, non riesco ad accedervi per colpa di un Watchguard di merda.
In sintesi, cosa dice?
Che la maratona fa male?
 
-- 
Forse solo il silenzio esiste davvero. (José Saramago)

 In sintesi, cosa dice?
 
 
One Running Shoe in the Grave
New Studies on Older Endurance Athletes Suggest the Fittest Reap Few Health
Benefits
 
 
By KEVIN HELLIKER
[image] Associated Press
 
 
In a five-kilometer race Thanksgiving morning, Ralph Foiles finished first
in his age group, earning the 56-year-old Kansan a winner's medal.
 
Or was it a booby prize?
 
A fast-emerging body of scientific evidence points to a conclusion that's
unsettling, to say the least, for a lot of older athletes: Running can take
a toll on the heart that essentially eliminates the benefits of exercise.
 
"Running too fast, too far and for too many years may speed one's progress
toward the finish line of life," concludes an editorial to be published
next month in the British journal Heart.
 
Until recently, the cardiac risk of exercise was measured almost
exclusively by the incidence of deaths during races. For marathoners, that
rate was one in 100,000—a number that didn't exactly strike fear. Moreover,
data showed that runners generally enjoyed enormous longevity benefits over
nonrunners.
 
What the new research suggests is that the benefits of running may come to
a hard stop later in life. In a study involving 52,600 people followed for
three decades, the runners in the group had a 19% lower death rate than
nonrunners, according to the Heart editorial. But among the running cohort,
those who ran a lot—more than 20 to 25 miles a week—lost that mortality
advantage.
Video From the Archive
 
Resisting baked goods is a special kind of torture for the 58-year-old
founder and co-chief executive of Panera Bread. But Ron Shaich has adopted
a workout that lets him enjoy his carbs in moderation. Melanie West has
details on Lunch Break. Photo: Matthew Healey for The Wall Street Journal.
 
A growing number of older Americans are exploring martial arts such as tae
kwon do and judo as a way to stay physically and mentally fit. With its
kicks, punches and take downs, they are finding the sport brings a number
of health benefits as well as increased confidence and respect.
 
Meanwhile, according to the Heart editorial, another large study found no
mortality benefit for those who ran faster than 8 miles per hour, while
those who ran slower reaped significant mortality benefits.
 
Those two studies—presented at recent medical conferences—follow the
publication in recent months and years of several other articles finding
cardiac abnormalities in extreme athletes, including coronary artery
calcification of a degree typically found in the utterly sedentary.
 
Enlarge Image
image
image
Joseph Battaglia
 
Meghan Newcomer is a 32-year-old professional triathlete who has passed out
during several races in recent years.
 
Opinion is nearly unanimous among cardiologists that endurance athletics
significantly increases the risk of atrial fibrillation, an arrhythmia that
is estimated to be the cause of one third of all strokes. "Chronic extreme
exercise appears to cause excessive 'wear-and-tear' on the heart," the
editorial says.
 
Not everyone is lining up behind the new data. "The guys advancing the
hypothesis that you can get too much exercise are manipulating the data,"
said Paul Thompson, a former elite marathoner and nationally renowned
sports cardiologist at Hartford Hospital. "They have an agenda."
 
Sports cardiologist James O'Keefe, an author of the Heart paper, counters
that Dr. Thompson is an exercise addict. "He, like many chronic exercise
addicts, is the one with an agenda," said Dr. O'Keefe, a sports
cardiologist at Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute in Kansas City.
"My 'agenda' is my patients."
 
Critics of the newer research say that the idea that running can harm the
heart is based on research showing only an association—meaning that
exercise may not be the cause of the problem. The note that in any large
group of runners, high-mileage and high-speed athletes may be too few in
number to be statistically significant.
 
Yet by all accounts, dosage is no less relevant to exercise than to any
other medical treatment, and for years the endurance-athletics movement has
prompted words of caution from none other than Kenneth Cooper, the Dallas
physician widely credited with launching the aerobics movement nearly half
a century ago. "If you are running more than 15 miles a week, you are doing
it for some reason other than health," said Dr. Cooper, adding that he
suspects—without hard evidence—that extreme exercise can render a body more
susceptible to cancer.
 
The most vocal proponent of cutting back for cardiac reasons is Dr.
O'Keefe, a 56-year-old cardiologist and former elite athlete. From 1999 to
2004, he won outright the largest sprint distance triathlon in Kansas City,
a testament not only to his athletic abilities but also to hours and hours
of early- and late-hour training.
 
But a sense that this regimen was aging him prematurely, coupled with the
mounting awareness of cardiac issues in extreme endurance athletes,
prompted Dr. O'Keefe to slash his running to below 20 miles a week, never
faster than eight minutes a mile.
 
Asked if he ever runs a five-kilometer race for time, he said, "Not for the
past three years. After age 50, pushing too hard is probably not good for
one's heart or longevity."
 
Meanwhile, Dr. O'Keefe's fellow author on the upcoming Heart paper, Carl
Lavie, continues racing at speeds slightly above what their editorial
recommends. "I did a turkey day five-mile race in 38 minutes," said Dr.
Lavie, a cardiologist at the John Ochsner Heart and Vascular Institute in
New Orleans. "I train slower than I race, and when I race I know the risks.
That's all we're trying to do: Let people know the risks and make up their
own minds."
 
The conflict between pursuit of health and of athletic glory is
particularly acute in Meghan Newcomer, a 32-year-old professional
triathlete who in recent years passed out during several races, requiring
acute medical attention and prompting her loved ones to ask her to slow
down or retire. She has a promising medical career, after all: Why not quit
competing?
 
Instead, after undergoing in-depth study at a Connecticut sports-medical
clinic, she was told to triple her intake of sodium during races. Yet she
was also told to slow down, advice that helped her this summer
complete—without passing out—her first Ironman-distance triathlon.
 
The idea that serial marathoners may earn no cardiac advantage over couch
potatoes will surely amuse serial viewers of "Seinfeld" reruns. But don't
expect the running boom to grind to a halt. Optimal health isn't
necessarily the Holy Grail, even for aging athletes.
 
"Even if I knew for sure that running fast had an element of risk, I don't
know that I would back down," said Foiles, the 56-year-old runner who lives
in a Kansas City suburb. "To finish at the front of my age group, yeah,
that's an inspiration." 

> 
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riporto qui alcuni commenti che riportano abstracts di articoli vari,
ricavati da pubmed immagino
 
comunque, ricordiamoci che sono tutte ricerche, non verità assolute.
come dicevo, ho dei dubbi sulla validità del campione
per verificarlo bene, occorrerebbe confrontare un gruppo di sedentari con
un gruppo dedito a running (o triathlon o ciclismo) per molti molti anni
(eventualmente anche altri gruppi: chi si dedica solo al fitness ad
esempio)
e verificare poi l'aspettativa di vita media. già il tasso di mortalità nel
medio periodo è molto più basso per chi corre, e questo lo dice anche
l'articolo
aggiungo un fattore: il fatto che in italia il protocollo per la
concessione dell'idoneità sportiva, indispensabile in gare dalla maratona
in su, sia molto rigido introduce un ulteriore fattore che restringerebbe
il campione di runners di cui sopra.
 
questa è una meta-ricerca
J Aging Res. 2012;2012:243958. Epub 2012 Jul 1.
Does physical activity increase life expectancy? A review of the
literature.
Reimers CD, Knapp G, Reimers AK.
Source
 
Klinik für Neurologie, Zentralklinik Bad Berka, Robert-Koch-Allee 9, 99438
Bad Berka, Germany.
Abstract
 
Physical activity reduces many major mortality risk factors including
arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus type 2, dyslipidemia, coronary
heart disease, stroke, and cancer. All-cause mortality is decreased by
about 30% to 35% in physically active as compared to inactive subjects. The
purpose of this paper was to synthesize the literature on life expectancy
in relation to physical activity. A systematic PubMed search on life
expectancy in physically active and inactive individuals was performed. In
addition, articles comparing life expectancy of athletes compared to that
of nonathletes were reviewed. Results of 13 studies describing eight
different cohorts suggest that regular physical activity is associated with
an increase of life expectancy by 0.4 to 6.9 years. Eleven studies included
confounding risk factors for mortality and revealed an increase in life
expectancy by 0.4 to 4.2 years with regular physical activity. Eleven case
control studies on life expectancy in former athletes revealed consistently
greater life expectancy in aerobic endurance athletes but inconsistent
results for other athletes. None of these studies considered confounding
risk factors for mortality. In conclusion, while regular physical activity
increases life expectancy, it remains unclear if high-intensity sports
activities further increase life expectancy.
 
di segno opposto:
Cardiovascular damage resulting from chronic excessive endurance exercise.
Patil HR, O'Keefe JH, Lavie CJ, Magalski A, Vogel RA, McCullough PA.
Source
 
Saint Luke's Hospital of Kansas City, USA.
Abstract
 
A daily routine of physical activity is highly beneficial in the prevention
and treatment of many prevalent chronic diseases, especially of the
cardiovascular (CV) system. However, chronic, excessive sustained endurance
exercise may cause adverse structural remodeling of the heart and large
arteries. An evolving body of data indicates that chronically training for
and participating in extreme endurance competitions such as marathons,
ultra-marathons, Iron-man distance triathlons, very long distance bicycle
racing, etc., can cause transient acute volume overload of the atria and
right ventricle, with transient reductions in right ventricular ejection
fraction and elevations of cardiac biomarkers, all of which generally
return to normal within seven to ten days. In veteran extreme endurance
athletes, this recurrent myocardial injury and repair may eventually result
in patchy myocardial fibrosis, particularly in the atria, interventricular
septum and right ventricle, potentially creating a substrate for atrial and
ventricular arrhythmias. Furthermore, chronic, excessive, sustained,
high-intensity endurance exercise may be associated with diastolic
dysfunction, large-artery wall stiffening and coronary artery
calcification. Not all veteran extreme endurance athletes develop
pathological remodeling, and indeed lifelong exercisers generally have low
mortality rates and excellent functional capacity. The aim of this review
is to discuss the emerging understanding of the cardiac pathophysiology of
extreme endurance exercise, and make suggestions about healthier fitness
patterns for promoting optimal CV health and longevity.

 
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mi autorispondo citando Luca Speciani che altrove esprime il suo punto di
vista, e dato che cita dosi massicce di letteratura, copincollo qua in modo
da tenerlo da parte per il futu
 
 
C'è una cosa che si chiama EBM (Evidence Based Medicine) che significa:
medicina basata sulle prove, sulle evidenze scientifiche. Studi così estesi
e spesso basati su questionari lasciano un po' il tempo che trovano.
Scegliendo ad arte dei sottogruppi si ottengono risultanze al limite
dell'imbroglio (per esempio un farmaco che non funziona, può essere però
casualmente risultato attivo su "donne nere dai 50 anni ai 55 anni di età
con pregressa patologia cardiovascolare") alle quali si fa dire ciò che più
fa comodo a chi ha finanziato lo studio.
 
Detto questo, concordo sul fatto che quando l'atletica sia vissuta come
"tossicodipendenza" possa generare qualche problema: se non
cardiovascolare, spesso - e molto prima - ortopedico. Il corpo ci ferma in
modo intelligente, impedendoci un danno più grave. Non mi pare che la
velocità media possa essere una discriminante: sono talmente diverse le
capacità di ciascuno, che mi pare impossibile dire che per me sia dannoso
correre a 5'05/km quando respiro col naso a 4'00. Per altri correre a
4'00/km non è dannoso: è semplicemente impossibile!
Ad occhio crudo, però, posso dirvi che in studio o al campo riconosco un
"tossicodipendente da corsa" da lontano, e se posso lo metto in guardia.
 
Ecco, se vogliamo parlare di EBM e di benefici della corsa sulla salute, ho
qui qualche contributo. Se interessa vedere il singolo lavoro basta
inserire il titolo preciso su google e di solito lo si trova al volo.
Seppelliamo con queste evidenze scientifiche quei deficienti che hanno
commentato l'articolo dicendo: l'ho sempre detto, meglio starsene in
panciolle..
 
Movimento fisico e
salute----------------------------------------------------
 
Tanasescu M et al. - Circulation 107; 2003
Physical Activity in Relation to Cardiovascular Disease and Total Mortality
Among Men With Type 2 Diabetes
 
Myers J et al. – Circulation 107; 2003
Active lifestyle and diabetes
 
Shepherd RJ et al – Circulation 99; 1999
Exercise as cardiovascular therapy
 
Roberts CK, Vaziri ND, Barnard J. – Circulation 2002; 106:
Effect of diet and exercise intervention on blood pressure, insulin,
oxidative stress, and nitric oxide availability. 
 
Whelton PK et al – JAMA 288; 2002
Primary prevention of hypertension (confronto tra attività fisica e farmaci
antipertensivi)
 
Marcia L et al – NEJM 339; 1998
Effects of Diet and Exercise in Men and Postmenopausal Women with Low
Levels of HDL Cholesterol and High Levels of LDL Cholesterol (modifica
profili lipidici HDL/LDL)
 
Aronson D et al. - J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., Nov 2004; 44
The association between cardiorespiratory fitness and C-reactive protein in
subjects with the metabolic syndrome (effetto antinfiammatorio
dell’attività fisica)
 
Pagani M et al. – Hypertension 12; 1988
Changes in autonomic regulation induced by physical training in mild
hypertension
 
Lucini D et al. – Am Heart J 143; 2002
Effects of cardiac rehabilitation and exercise training on autonomic
regulation in patients with coronary artery disease
 
Mayer-Davis EJ, JAMA 1998, 279
Intensity and Amount of Physical Activity in Relation to Insulin
Sensitivity (relazione dose-risposta allo svolgimento di attività fisica)
 
Rosengren A et al. The Lancet 2004; 364: 953-62 
Association of psychosocial risk factors with risk of acute myocardial
infarction in 11.119 cases and 13.648 controls from 52 countries: the
INTERHEART study. (Massimo vantaggio nelle prime fasi di attivazione
fisica).
 
Iellamo F et al - Circulation. 2002; 105
Conversion From Vagal to Sympathetic Predominance With Strenuous Training
in High-Performance World Class Athletes (Massimo stimolo vagale al 75%
della VO2 max)
 
Fletcher GF et al – Circulation 104; 2001
Exercise standards for testing and training: a statement for healthcare
professionals from the American Heart Association.
 
ACSM’s guidelines for exercise and prescription – Lippincott Philadelphia
2006
 
Hill J.O & Wyatt H.R.: Role of physical activity in preventing and treating
obesity. J. Appl. Physiol., 99: 765-770, 2005.
 
King A.C. & Tribble D.L.: The role of exercise in weight regulation in
nonathletes. Sports Medicine, 11 (5): 331-349, 1991.
 
Schoeller D.A, Shay K. & Kushner R.F.:  How much physical activity is
needed  to minimize weight gain in previously obese women? Am. J. Clin.
Nutr., 66: 551-556, 1997.
 
Sigal R.J., Kenny G.P., Wasserman D.H., Castaneda-Sceppa C, White R.D.:
Physical activity/exercise and type 2 diabetes. A consensus statement from
the American Diabetes Association. Diabetes Care, 20 (6): 1433-1438, 2006.
 
Sport e
dimagrimento------------------------------------------------------------
 
O’ Brien et al. – Carbohydrate dependance during marathon running –
Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 25, 9 (1993), 1009-1017
(consumo di carboidrati durante una maratona)
 
Befroy et al - Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008; 105
Increased substrate oxidation and mitochondrial uncoupling in skeletal
muscle of endurance-trained individuals (54% di incremento metabolico nel
muscolo di sportivi rispetto a sedentari, anche a riposo!)
 
Boegli Y et al. - J Invest Dermat 121; 2003
Endurance training enhances vasodilation induced by Nitric Oxyde in human
skin
(il viagra degli sportivi)
 
Bramble D, Liebermann D – Nature 432; 2004
Born to run: endurance running and the evolution of Homo
 
Wein et al – Ann Int Med 132; 2000
Physical inactivity as predictor of mortality in men with type II diabetes
 
Wojtaszewski JFP et al – Curr Opin in Endocr Diab 
Effects of exercise to promote muscle insulin sensitivity
 
Tremblay A – Metabolism 43; 2004
Impact of exercise intensity on body fatness and skeletal muscle metabolism
 
Noland RC – Metabolism 52; 2003
Acute endurance exercise increases skeletal muscle UCP3 gene expression in
untrained humans
 
Steinberg GR – J Physical Endocr Metab 286; 2004
Endurance training partially reverses dietary induced leptin resistance in
rodent skeletal muscle
 
Nindl BC et al – Med Sci Sport Exer 34; 2002
Leptin concentration experience a delayed reduction after resistance
exercise in men
 
Baba T et al – Res Comm Mol Pathol Pharmac 108; 2000
Reciprocal changes in leptin and TNF-alpha with exercise in insulin
resistant rats 
 
Psicologia dello sport ed
equilibrio-------------------------------------------
 
Di Meo F et al. – Br J Sports Med Apr 2001 – 35(2): 114-117
Benefits from aerobic exercise in patients with major depression: a pilot
study
(attività fisica riduce del 33% la depressione su base Hamilton Rating
Scale)
 
Timonen M et al – BMJ 330; 2005
Insulin resistance and depression: cross sectional study
(connessione tra frequenza dei picchi insulinici, insulino resistenza e
insorgenza di stati depressivi)