Newsgroup: it.cultura.ebraica
Titolo: Legge e difesa in Israele

L'articolo riassume un discorso del Presidente della Corte Suprema
israeliana Barak. Vi traduco i brani piu' importanti:
"Israele non ha magari ratificato il trattato che fonda il Tribunale Penale
Internazionale il 1 Luglio, ma ogni Israeliano e' soggetto alla sua
giurisdizione".
"Barak ha detto che in tempo di guerra la democrazia ha bisogno di leggi, e
ci sono leggi per tutti questi problemi. Egli ha mostrato tre basi che
caratterizzano la lotta di Israele contro il terrore: la prima e' una lotta
per definire la legge, lotta compiuta con strumenti legali, ed esaminata in
tribunale.
Secondo e' l'equilibrio richiesto tra i valori apparentemente antitetici
della sicurezza dello stato e dei diritti umani. Egli ha detto che i diritti
umani non giustificano in tutti i casi ed in tutte le situazioni il
nocumento alla sicurezza dello stato, ed i diritti umani non possono essere
la piattaforma del suicidio della nazione.
Egli ha detto che l'equilibri tra i due valori e' basato sulla necessita' di
trovare una sintesi tra questi valori e principi in conflitto, che riflette
l'essenza ricca e matura dello stato di diritto, e l'essenza della
democrazia, che e' in se' un equilibrio tra il governo della maggioranza ed
i diritti delle minoranze e dell'individuo.
Il terzo principio e' che i diritti umani non possono essere completamente
protetti come se non ci fosse il terrore, e la sicurezza dello stato non la
si puo' proteggere come se non ci fossero diritti umani. Equilibrio e
compromesso sono il prezzo della democrazia, ma un prezzo che val la pena
pagare".
Ciao.
http://www.haaretzdaily.com/hasen/pages/ShArt.jhtml?itemNo=160673
      Chief Justice Barak: Israelis can be tried by Hague Tribunal
      By Revital Levy-Stein, Ha'aretz Correspondent
Israel may not have ratified the treaty establishing the international
criminal court on July 1 but "every Israeli is subject to its jurisdiction,"
Supreme Court President Justice Aharon Barak said Monday.
Speaking at the second annual conference of the Israel Bar Association in
Eilat, Barak said "terror does not justify abandoning legal norms, even if
the war against terror is that of a law-abiding state and law-abiding
citizens against those who crudely and without any human feelings violate
the law. Neither are human rights a platform for national suicide and
self-defeat."
The 1,000-person conference on "The Law under Fire" heard Barak, Judge
Advocate General Maj. Gen. Menachem Finkelstein, and other leading jurists
and attorneys - including prominent human rights lawyer Avigdor Feldman on
the integrity of the law and the courts during war.
Barak said in times of war democracy needs laws "and there are laws for all
these matters." He presented three fundamentals that characterize Israel's
struggle against terror. First is a struggle to "define the law, done with
legal instruments, and examined in the courts."
Second is the balance needed "between the seemingly contrary values of the
state's security and human rights." He said human rights cannot justify in
every case and every situation harm to state security, and human rights
cannot be a platform for national suicide."
The balance between the two values, he said, "is based on the need to find a
synthesis between the clashing values and principles, that reflects the rich
and mature essence of the rule of law, and the essence of democracy, which
itself is a balance between majority rule and the rights of the minorities
and the individual."
The third principle Barak cited is that human rights cannot be fully
protected as if there is no terror, and the security of the state cannot be
protected as if there are no human rights. Balance and compromise are the
price of democracy, but a price worth paying."
It is precisely when there is fighting that action must be taken to
strengthen democracy by raising in the courts legal issues connected to the
fighting, he said. "Only a strong, confident and stable state can fulfill
the liberty of human dignity," he said, adding "that is how Israel can
guarantee its power, morality, and strength as a democratic state."
Barak warned that the problems relating to the balance between state
security and human rights will only intensify, as was seen in the petitions
to the High Court of Justice concerning the evacuation of corpses from
Jenin, and the hostage situation in Bethlehem's Church of Nativity.
Barak received backing from JAG commander Finkelstein, who said the Supreme
Court's decision that everything is subject to judgement in matters of
combat is good. "Why should JAG have to carry the weight of legality for
pinpointed targeted protective reaction, and house demolitions? The Supreme
Court deserves our gratitude for getting into the thick of things, even on
such issues, at times of fighting."
Finkelstein, who spoke after Barak, said JAG has had a difficult time
explaining to the public, including judges and lawyers, the legitimacy of
the court's intervention in ruling on issues regarding combat. "Those who
examine the facts will see that the court gets deeply involved only when it
is disturbed by issues regarding human rights. Burials in Jenin, water
supply in Bethlehem, and pinpointed targeting are all separate issues."
Attorney Shlomo Cohen, head of the Israel Bar Association, said that "even
in a just war, the army is subject to the law and the law is relevant in
every matter in which the government is active, including battle. Nobody in
the IDF disputes this. Only the politicians do."
Avigdor Feldman, one of the country's leading human rights lawyers, told the
onference that "along with the formal and proper readiness to hear them,
there have been only a few cases in which petitions to the High Court were
answered. The vast majority of the petitions are rejected and human rights
are set aside while security interests supersede them."
Feldman said there is an imbalance between security needs and human rights
and added "there are many cases when the Supreme Court did not act in
accordance with its purpose and mission, as patron of the downtrodden, human
tragedies that have taken place in the administered territories."
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Grazie.
-Stefano
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giurisdizione".
resta da capire perche' non l'ha ratificato
capisco gli stati uniti, non israele
cari saluti
A.L.



L'errore non si ripetera'. Chiedo scusa. Ciao.


L'errore non si ripetera'. Chiedo scusa. Ciao.
Liang non è lui la persona con cui scusarsi è un noto troll con
manie di protagonismo.
MMAX
