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joints I-Process
were O
the O
other O
frequently O
encountered O
workmanship B-Process
defects I-Process
( O
Figs. O
19 O
– O
22 O
) O
. O
The O
exponential B-Process
relationships I-Process
reported O
in O
the O
plots O
may O
be O
used O
to O
convert B-Task
the I-Task
dielectric I-Task
values I-Task
to I-Task
air I-Task
void I-Task
values I-Task
as O
prescribed O
in O
previous O
studies O
[ O
1 O
– O
3 O
] O
. O
The O
AC B-Process
pavement I-Process
composite I-Process
permittivity I-Process
reduces O
, O
along O
with O
the O
reflection O
coefficient O
, O
as O
the O
volumetric B-Process
proportion I-Process
of I-Process
air I-Process
increases O
as O
compared O
to O
the O
remaining O
components O
. O
However O
, O
the O
method O
relies O
on O
an O
empirical O
fit O
, O
determined O
on O
a O
case-by-case O
basis O
, O
since O
the O
permittivity O
of O
the O
remaining O
components O
depends O
on O
the O
mix B-Material