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of the ice causes the movement to the ice causes the movement to break Glaciers end in ice caves ( High levels of the glaciers cause precipitation of the glaciers cause precipitation to the glaciers cause precipitation to descend The Alps provide lowland Europe with drinking water of the Alps , provide Europe Europe , the Alps provide up to 90% , the Alps provide up to 90% of the Alps provide up to 90% of water Cities such as depend Milan Major European rivers flow from the Alps , to the river ; begins the Mediterranean Sea the river ; begins the Mediterranean Sea as ; the river begins as glacial meltwater the river begins as glacial meltwater , The Rhine originates in a area in The rivers form lakes , such the Alps have led to the creation Scientists have been studying the impact , the effect of is which the effect of is which yet The Alps what are of a classic example what are of a classic example happens the upper regions of the temperature causes the atmosphere of the temperature causes the atmosphere to the temperature causes the atmosphere to decrease Numerous weather stations were placed in the mountains The mean precipitation in ranges the Alps from snowfall between , begins altitudes , snowfall begins in November snowfall begins in November and The Alps are split into five climatic zones The lowest zone which is , the colline zone which is , the colline zone exists by , is followed snow line , is by followed the glacial zone is by followed the glacial zone , which by followed , the glacial zone Alpine plants are by grouped habitat are by grouped habitat and by grouped habitat and soil type The habitats range from meadows , A natural vegetation limit with given is altitude with by is given altitude altitude is by given the presence is by given the presence of by given the presence of the chief deciduous trees Above there , is the forestry there , is the forestry often , there is often a band

there is often a band of the plants are found throughout the region Gentians are named after the Illyrian king Gentius At the plants , tend these higher altitudes the plants , tend these higher altitudes to the plants tend to form isolated cushions best known of is the alpine plants known of the alpine plants is Edelweiss of the alpine plants which is Edelweiss the alpine plants which is Edelweiss grows which is Edelweiss grows in The extreme and stressful climatic conditions give way to the growth Human interference has nearly exterminated the trees The vegetation has changed since the second half of the 20th century the highest altitudes which are , the alpine ibex which are , the alpine ibex have The ibex live in caves and as chamois , are antelopes chamois , are antelopes smaller chamois are smaller than ibex Areas of are the eastern Alps still Many rodents such as live voles They hibernate in large groups to in they ; nest the Alps they ; nest the Alps high they nest high on rocky ledges Molluscs such as live the wood snail some of believed are which ; some species of fly blues some species of fly blues as late Palaeolithic communities , established were the Würm glaciation late Palaeolithic communities were established along the lake shores ; in the Mondsee culture shows Austria in Austria the Mondsee culture shows evidence Austria the Mondsee culture shows evidence of the Mondsee culture shows evidence of houses , was by discovered hikers was by discovered hikers on by discovered hikers on the Similaun glacier in he – suggests his shoulder he – suggests his shoulder was Celtic tribes settled in Switzerland between 1500 and 1000 The Raetians lived in the eastern regions , Among Celtic tribes was mined the many substances the many substances Celtic tribes mined was salt Celtic tribes mined was salt in the Carthaginian general Hannibal probably crossed the Alps This was one of the most celebrated achievements The Roman expansion brought the defeat of the Allobrogi Christianity was established in the region was by in established the region

by in the region established the Romans Much of the medieval period was a time Switzerland that up drew a charter that up drew a charter is early 19th century , Napoleon annexed territory , Napoleon annexed territory formerly Napoleon annexed territory formerly controlled by annexed formerly controlled territory of many alpine countries , developed Napoléon Napoléon , many alpine countries developed heavy protections , many alpine countries developed heavy protections to many alpine countries developed heavy protections to prevent Thus , Savoy built a series , Savoy built a series of Savoy built a series of fortifications The Benedictines had built monasteries in have been by buried the same prehistoric people Charles VII of France ordered his chamberlain The knight reached the summit of Rocciamelone In Antoine de Ville , climbed 1492 1492 , Antoine de Ville climbed Mont Aiguille , Antoine de Ville climbed Mont Aiguille , Antoine de Ville climbed Mont Aiguille , without of it thought is a gentian" sky it thought is a gentian" sky that he that thought reached a significantly high altitude Conrad Gessner was the first naturalist to ascend By more naturalists began the 19th century to more naturalists began the 19th century to arrive from he ; left an early age an early age ; he left a law career ; he left a law career to he left a law career to become admire Wordsworth ; visited the scenery the scenery ; Wordsworth visited the area ; Wordsworth visited the area in Wordsworth visited the area in 1790 Schiller later wrote the play "William Tell three visited and all Geneva , Byron wrote " The Prisoner of Chillon Byron wrote " The Prisoner of Chillon " initially scientific activities " mixed were alpinism initially scientific activities were mixed with sport the focus " , was alpinism , the focus was on mountain sports the focus was on mountain sports and Austrian-born Adolf Hitler had a lifelong romantic fascination with the Alps His first visit to was the area in he in was and 1923 1940 many of were the Alpine countries

many of were the Alpine countries under Italy and invaded was a fascist regime Switzerland and Liechtenstein were the only countries mobilized the country — follows its troops its troops — the country follows the doctrine — the country follows the doctrine of the country follows the doctrine of "armed neutrality German Ski troops were trained for the war a substantial amount of found was Nazi plunder The largest city within the Alps is the city The population of is the region 14 million the economy and the plains consists the plateaus the plains the economy consists of manufacturing the economy consists of manufacturing and to the German dialects ; derive Occitan the German dialects ; derive Occitan from ; the German dialects derive from Germanic tribal languages Farming has been a traditional occupation for mid-June cows are moved to the highest pastures Villagers the cows celebrate the day are the cows celebrate the day are herded Cheesemaking is an ancient tradition in most Alpine countries Owners of receive traditionally the cows Haymaking is an important farming activity in mountain villages that an important farming activity in is mountain villages In people , live the high villages people , live the high villages in , people live in homes people live in homes built The kitchen is separated from the living area Chalets often face south or Food is passed from the kitchen the snow exceed , allowing 40% ) , there is a strong tradition , there is a strong tradition of there is a strong tradition of Alpine folk culture to many people : are the visitor the visitor : many people are members : many people are members of many people are members of cultural associations Visitors can get a glimpse of feature all participants , take only a little folk culture only a little folk culture , all participants take part , all participants take part with all participants take part with gusto see local people celebrating occur the traditional culture local people celebrating occur the traditional culture at Alpine festivals vary from country to Frequently they include music (

they include music ( e.g. the playing Many areas celebrate Fastnacht in the weeks The Alps are one of the more popular tourist destinations The tourism industry began in the early 19th century when foreigners in began when the early 19th century In the Olympic Winter Games held were the first half of the 20th century the Olympic Winter Games held were the first half of the 20th century three During the winter games cancelled were World War II the winter games cancelled were World War II but the Winter Games but after cancelled that time ski-lifts , built were the post-World War I period ski-lifts were built in Swiss and Austrian towns Most of located are Europe's highest railways the new Lötschberg Base Tunnel , opened was 2007 which , opened circumvents the 100 years older Lötschberg Tunnel Many passes are closed in winter He was awarded the 1957 Nobel Prize in Literature at Camus was born in French Algeria He spent his childhood in a poor neighbourhood He was in Paris when the Germans in was when Paris After he , was the war the war , he was a celebrity figure , he was a celebrity figure and he was a celebrity figure and gave active ; he was part ; he was part of he was part of the left that part of was the left Camus was a moralist and leaned He was part of many organisations , Camus's views contributed to the rise Camus's views contributed to the rise of Albert Camus was born on 7 November 1913 He was a second-generation French in Algeria , he was called —a slang term he was called —a slang term for who —a slang term for called French Nevertheless , Camus was a French citizen , Camus was a French citizen and Camus was a French citizen and enjoyed Camus Louis Germain , gained his teacher Louis Germain , Camus gained a scholarship , Camus gained a scholarship in Camus gained a scholarship in 1924 he , diagnosed was 1930 he was diagnosed with tuberculosis is he , moved a transmitted disease

he , moved a transmitted disease out he moved out of his home It was at that time that Camus at was that that time He was by impressed ancient Greek philosophers was by impressed ancient Greek philosophers and by impressed ancient Greek philosophers and Friedrich Nietzsche During he , was that time he , was that time only In Camus , enrolled 1933 Camus , enrolled 1933 at , Camus enrolled at the University of Algiers Camus enrolled at the University of Algiers and Camus developed an interest in early Christian philosophers Camus also studied novelist-philosophers such Camus played goalkeeper for the Racing Universitaire d'Alger junior team he when disappeared contracted tuberculosis Camus drew parallels among football , Camus was in a relationship Camus was in a relationship with Simone suffered from an addiction to she discovered was in a relationship Camus joined the French Communist Party ( PCF He saw it as a way Camus's main role within was the PCA to the Stalinist PCA and PPA broke ties Camus was expelled from the PCA This series of events sharpened his belief justice instead of grew efficiency He continued his involvement with theatre In Camus , began 1938 Camus , began 1938 working Camus began working for the leftist newspaper , Camus had developed strong feelings Camus had developed strong feelings against Camus in banned and 1940 he , completed almost Paris , he almost completed his "first cycle he almost completed his "first cycle " , the outbreak of began World War II the outbreak of began World War II to Camus volunteered to join the army towards Camus , fled Paris of he , moved his tuberculosis he , moved his tuberculosis to , he moved to the French Alps he moved to the French Alps on There he began writing his second cycle he began writing his second cycle of By he known was 1943 he known was 1943 because He returned to Paris where he to returned where Paris He also became part of Camus took an active role in the underground resistance movement in he , started Paris

he , started Paris working he started working as a journalist He continued writing for the paper Camus used a pseudonym for his "Combat" articles After Camus , lived the War Camus , lived the War in , Camus lived in Paris Camus lived in Paris with Camus was now a celebrated writer known He gave lectures at various universities He also visited Algeria once During this period he completed the second cycle this period he completed the second cycle of he completed the second cycle of his work Camus attacked totalitarian communism while advocating of the book , brought communism the book , brought communism about , the book brought about the final split the book brought about the final split with Camus was a strong supporter of European integration In he , founded 1944 the "Comité français , he founded 1944 he the "Comité français founded pour la féderation européenne"—(CFFE the "Comité français founded pour la féderation européenne"—(CFFE (French Committee In he , founded 1947–48 1947–48 , he founded the "Groupes de Liaison Internationale , he founded the "Groupes de Liaison Internationale " he founded the "Groupes de Liaison Internationale " ( His main aim was to express the positive side Camus had numerous affairs , particularly an irregular and eventually public affair Faure did not take this affair She had a mental breakdown and needed In Camus , received 1957 1957 , Camus received the news , Camus received the news that Camus he received that the news he received that the news was This came as a shock to André Malraux anticipating would win the prestigious award At he , was age 44 age 44 , he was the second-youngest recipient , he was the second-youngest recipient of he was the second-youngest recipient of the prize After he began this working he began this working on he began working on his autobiography He also turned to the theatre with he , adapted his Nobel Prize he , adapted his Nobel Prize and During he , published these years he , published these years posthumously , he published posthumously the works

he published posthumously the works of Weil had great influence on his philosophy Camus died on 4 January 1960 at He had spent the New Year's holiday of The car crashed into a plane tree on Camus was buried in the Lourmarin Cemetery His friend Sartre read a eulogy , Camus's first publication "Révolte dans was called a play "Révolte dans was called a play les The subject was the 1934 revolt by Spanish miners that the 1934 revolt by was Spanish miners In May 1937 he wrote his first book May 1937 he wrote his first book , he wrote his first book , " Camus separated his work into three cycles Each cycle consisted of a novel , The first was the cycle of first was the cycle of the The second was the cycle of the revolt which the cycle of was the revolt The books in published were the first cycle Camus began his work on the second cycle In Camus , used the second cycle the second cycle , Camus used Prometheus , Camus used Prometheus , Camus who used , Prometheus who used , Prometheus is receiving Camus , gathered the Nobel Prize Camus , gathered the Nobel Prize , Two of published were Camus's works There is scholarly debate about the relationship Le Premier , " homme an unfinished novel was he ; claimed a moralist morality ; he claimed a moralist morality claimed should guide politics Camus rebuked those sympathetic to of he , claimed libertarian socialism the USSR , he claimed libertarian socialism during Camus , wrote World War II Camus , wrote World War II for with he , wrote the German occupiers he , wrote the German occupiers : After Camus , remarked France's liberation Camus , remarked France's liberation , Camus leaned towards anarchism , Camus was firmly against any kind The anarchist André Prudhommeaux first introduced him Camus kept a neutral stance during the Algerian Revolution FLN ) he acknowledged the injustice ) he acknowledged the injustice and he acknowledged the injustice and brutalities to Mendes ; advocated the crisis

the crisis ; Mendes advocated reconciliation Camus also supported a like-minded Algerian militant , Camus traveled to Algeria to People are now planting bombs My mother might be on one I , then prefer justice , then I prefer my mother then I prefer my mother . In Camus , devoted the 1950s the 1950s , Camus devoted his efforts , Camus devoted his efforts to Camus devoted his efforts to human rights In he , resigned 1952 he , resigned 1952 from , he resigned from his work he resigned from his work for Camus maintained his pacifism and resisted to Camus , was French parents Camus , was French parents familiar Camus was familiar with the institutional racism Camus was a vocal advocate of the "new Mediterranean Culture This was his vision of embracing For this vision , encapsulated Camus Camus , this vision encapsulated the Hellenic humanism , this vision which encapsulated the Hellenic humanism this vision which encapsulated the Hellenic humanism survived which encapsulated the Hellenic humanism survived among Camus also supported the Blum–Viollette proposal to In Camus , wrote 1939 1939 , Camus wrote a stinging series , Camus wrote a stinging series of Camus wrote a stinging series of articles against Camus , was French mistreatment French mistreatment , Camus was one , Camus was one of Camus was one of only a few mainland journalists Camus , confronted was 1954 Camus was confronted with a moral dilemma He identified with the "Pieds-Noirs " He the Algerian uprising argued was an integral part the Algerian uprising argued was an integral part of , he , believed though not full-scale independence the "Pieds-Noirs , he believed though not full-scale independence During he , advocated the war the war , he advocated a civil truce , he that advocated a civil truce he that advocated a civil truce would that advocated a civil truce would spare It was by rejected both sides was who by rejected both sides who by rejected both sides regarded Behind he , began the scenes he , began the scenes working he began working for imprisoned Algerians

who working for began imprisoned Algerians His position drew much criticism from the left and later postcolonial literary critics the troubles that confided in Algeria his philosophical origins said lay in ancient Greek philosophy He also said his work , Camus was rejecting existentialism as the importance that thought of history also the rivalry suggest between Sartre the rivalry suggest between Sartre and On Camus , focused the other hand the other hand , Camus focused most , Camus focused most of Camus focused most of his philosophy importantly , Camus addressed one , Camus addressed one of Camus addressed one of the fundamental questions Many existentialist writers have addressed the Absurd , the absurdity that explains of religious truths Sartre recognizes the absurdity of individual experience Camus's thoughts on begin the Absurd with In he , published 1942 1942 , he published the story , he published the story of he published the story of a man He also wrote a play about His early thoughts appeared in his first collection of Absurd themes were expressed with more sophistication In Camus , reflects these essays Camus , reflects these essays on , Camus reflects on the experience Camus reflects on the experience of Camus follows Sartre's definition of the Absurd Suicide Camus an option is that Camus an option is that firmly first was published in the "Revue Libre Camus regretted the continued reference to himself He showed less interest in the Absurd , he builds upon the absurd he builds upon the absurd ( we exist " implying the recognition he ; places therefore an oppressive regime ; he therefore places importance he therefore places importance on Camus poses a crucial question : Is it poses : Is a crucial question According to the answer is him to the answer is him yes the answer is him yes , Camus separates the modern form of rebellion First , there is the metaphysical rebellion , there is the metaphysical rebellion , there which is , the metaphysical rebellion which is , the metaphysical rebellion is , interest in followed Camus

interest in Camus followed the rise She also wrote the world's longest-running play , she , made was 1971 , she was made a Dame she was made a Dame ( Christie was born into a wealthy upper-middle-class family She was initially an unsuccessful writer with was they ; married Archibald Christie they ; married Archibald Christie in ; they married in 1914 they married in 1914 and During she , served both World Wars she , served both World Wars in , she served in hospital dispensaries she served in hospital dispensaries , to she , remains Index Translationum Index Translationum , she remains the most-translated individual author "The Mousetrap play " holds the world record It opened at the Ambassadors Theatre in In Christie , was 1955 1955 , Christie was the first recipient , Christie was the first recipient of Christie was the first recipient of the Mystery Writers of America's " Witness for the Prosecution " received an Edgar Award Witness for the Prosecution " received an Edgar Award for she , voted was 2013 , she was voted the best crime writer she was voted the best crime writer and And Then There Were None " was named the "World's Favourite Christie Agatha Mary Clarissa Miller was born on 15 September 1890 Boehmer died in Jersey in foster the family ; settled nine-year-old Clara the family ; settled nine-year-old Clara in ; the family settled in Timperley the family settled in Timperley , Margaret and Nathaniel had no children Fred was born in New York City ; in they used 1881 in 1881 they used this 1881 they used this to they used this to buy She described her childhood as " The Millers lived mainly in Devon in Christie , spent their neighbourhood their neighbourhood , Christie spent much , Christie spent much of Christie spent much of her time her parents and sister supervised her studies Christie was a voracious reader from an early age she moved on to the surreal verse As she , enjoyed an adolescent an adolescent , she enjoyed works

, she by enjoyed works she by works enjoyed Anthony Hope by works enjoyed Anthony Hope , her father's health , deteriorated had 1901 Fred died in November 1901 from The family's financial situation had by worsened this time In she , began 1902 she , began 1902 attending , she began attending Miss Guyer's Girls' School she began attending Miss Guyer's Girls' School in In her mother , sent 1905 1905 , her mother sent her , her mother sent her to her mother sent her to Paris completing Christie , returned her education Christie , returned her education to , Christie returned to England Christie returned to England to They decided to spend the northern winter They stayed for three months at she particularly enjoyed watching amateur polo matches she did not exhibit the great interest to she , continued Britain Britain , she continued her social activities , she continued her social activities , she continued her social activities , writing At Christie , wrote 18 18 , Christie wrote her first short story , Christie wrote her first short story , Christie wrote her first short story , " It consisted of about 6,000 words on ( The story became an early version of The story became an early version of her story most , followed of them These included " The Call of Wings " Around Christie , began the same time the same time , Christie began work , Christie began work on Christie began work on her first novel the pseudonym she , set Monosyllaba Monosyllaba , she set the book , she set the book in she set the book in Cairo Christie's social activities expanded , with country house parties She had short-lived relationships with four men she , introduced was October 1912 she was introduced to Archibald "Archie" Christie , Archie who was a Royal Artillery officer Archie who was a Royal Artillery officer was who was a Royal Artillery officer was seconded The couple quickly fell in love Archie , sent was August 1914 Archie was sent to France They married on Christmas Eve 1914 at

he , posted was the ranks Christie involved herself in the war effort from she , worked June 1916 to September 1918 she , worked June 1916 to September 1918 3,400 hours she worked 3,400 hours in the Town Hall Red Cross Hospital Christie had long been a fan She wrote her first detective novel , " It featured Hercule Poirot , a former Belgian police officer Christie's inspiration for came the character from Her original manuscript was by rejected Hodder & Stoughton was by rejected Hodder & Stoughton and by rejected Hodder & Stoughton and Methuen , John Lane at offered The Bodley Head John Lane at offered The Bodley Head to Christie settled into married life , Archie left the Air Force at the end It earned her £ 50 In the Christies , joined 1922 the Christies , joined 1922 an , in they travelled 10 months in they travelled 10 months to 10 months they travelled to South Africa they travelled to South Africa , to Archie , resumed England England , Archie resumed work , Archie resumed work in Archie resumed work in the city In Archie , asked August 1926 August 1926 , Archie asked Agatha , Archie asked Agatha for Archie asked Agatha for a divorce He had fallen in love On the pair , quarrelled 3December 1926 the pair , quarrelled 3December 1926 after Archie after quarrelled announced his plan , Christie disappeared from their home Christie disappeared from their home in The disappearance quickly became a news story , the press became , as a news story Home Secretary William Joynson-Hicks pressured police , and a newspaper pressured , and police , and several aeroplanes searched the rural landscape Sir Arthur Conan Doyle gave a spirit medium one Christie's disappearance was featured on the front page she , located was 14 December 1926 she was located at the Swan Hydropathic Hotel Christie's autobiography makes no reference to the disappearance Two doctors diagnosed her as suffering including she , believe her biographer Morgan she , believe her biographer Morgan disappeared she believe disappeared during a fugue state

Christie that concluded planned the event Christie biographer Laura Thompson Christie an alternative view provides that Christie an alternative view provides that disappeared in Christie , wrote her autobiography Christie , wrote her autobiography , There is no need to dwell In Christie , left 1928 1928 , Christie left England , Christie left England and Christie left England and took In she , became Iraq Iraq , she became friends , she became friends with she became friends with archaeologist Leonard Woolley On she , met that second trip that second trip , she met archaeologist Max Mallowan , she met archaeologist Max Mallowan , she met archaeologist Max Mallowan , 13 years her junior In Mallowan , recounted a 1977 interview a 1977 interview , Mallowan recounted his first meeting , Mallowan recounted his first meeting with Mallowan recounted his first meeting with Christie Their marriage lasted until Christie's death in She accompanied Mallowan on his archaeological expeditions Christie drew on her experience of are now by marked blue plaques In they , bought 1934 1934 , they bought Winterbrook House , they bought Winterbrook House in they bought Winterbrook House in Winterbrook This was their main residence for the rest it ; given was 1938 ; it was given to it was given to the National Trust Christie frequently stayed at Abney Hall During Christie , worked World War II Christie , worked World War II in , Christie worked in the pharmacy Christie worked in the pharmacy at The British intelligence agency MI5 investigated Christie after MI5 a character investigated after Christie a character investigated after Christie called Christie when allayed told her friend Christie was elected a fellow of Christie , appointed was her many literary works , Christie was appointed Commander Christie was appointed Commander of She was co - president she , awarded was 1961 , she was awarded an honorary Doctor she was awarded an honorary Doctor of by an honorary Doctor of awarded Literature degree she , promoted was the 1971 New Year Honours she was promoted to Dame Commander Her last novel was " Postern of Fate "

In Christie , said 1946 Christie , said 1946 of , Christie said of herself Christie said of herself : I dislike the taste of alcohol Christie's works of fiction contain some character stereotypes Christie was a lifelong , Dame Agatha's private pleasures were gardeningshe won local prizes were gardeningshe won local prizes for gardeningshe won local prizes for horticultureand buying furniture was she : disliked a shy person a shy person : she disliked public appearances : she disliked public appearances : she disliked public appearances : but she disliked : but public appearances Christie died peacefully on 12 January 1976 her death was announced , two West End theatresthe St. Martin's She was buried in the nearby churchyard The simple funeral service was by attended about 20 newspaper and TV reporters was by attended about 20 newspaper and TV reporters , some by attended , about 20 newspaper and TV reporters In about she transferred 1959 about 1959 she transferred her 278-acre home 1959 she transferred her 278-acre home , she transferred her 278-acre home , Greenway Estate was she , sold almost 80 almost 80 , she sold a 51% stake , she sold a 51% stake in she sold a 51% stake in Agatha Christie Limited Christie sold an estimated 300 million books during her lifetime she , " was 1976 , " she was the best-selling novelist " she was the best-selling novelist in she was the best-selling novelist in history her , left will her tax planning , her will left only £106,683 (approximately) net her will left only £106,683 (approximately) net , will which left , only £106,683 (approximately) net which left , only £106,683 (approximately) net went Her remaining 36% share of inherited was Agatha Christie Limited of by was inherited Agatha Christie Limited Agatha Christie Limited was by inherited Hicks was by inherited Hicks , who by inherited , Hicks she " noted that The Telegraph on the Greenway Estate , passed 28 October 2004 the Greenway Estate , passed 28 October 2004 to , the Greenway Estate passed to her son

the Greenway Estate passed to her son Mathew Prichard In James Prichard , was 2020 2020 , James Prichard was the company's chairman Mathew Prichard also holds the copyright to In Booker , sold 1998 1998 , Booker sold its shares , Booker sold its shares in Booker sold its shares in Agatha Christie Limited after Chorion , began a management buyout Chorion , began a management buyout to This included the sale of Chorion's 64% stake In media reports , stated late February 2014 media reports , stated late February 2014 that of the BBC , broadcast that deal the BBC , broadcast that deal " , the BBC broadcast " Partners in Crime the BBC broadcast " Partners in Crime " Subsequent productions have included " The Witness for the Prosecution Over Christie , grew the years Christie , grew the years tired Christie grew tired of Poirot By Christie , wrote the end of the 1930s Christie , wrote the end of the 1930s in , Christie wrote in her diary Christie wrote in her diary that she in wrote that her diary Unlike she , resisted Conan Doyle Conan Doyle , she resisted the temptation , she resisted the temptation to she resisted the temptation to kill Miss Jane Marple was introduced in a series Marple who was a genteel, elderly spinster solved who a genteel, elderly spinster was solved crimes During Christie , wrote the Second World War the Second World War , Christie wrote two novels , Christie wrote two novels , Christie wrote two novels , "Curtain Both books were sealed in a bank vault Christie suffered a heart attack and a serious fall Her daughter authorised the publication of "Curtain Christie never wrote a novel or short story featuring in Christie , revealed 2008 2008 , Christie revealed the reason , Christie revealed the reason for Christie revealed the reason for this In the Christie family , supported 2013 2013 , the Christie family supported the release , the Christie family supported the release of the Christie family supported the release of a new Poirot story

Christie has been called the "Duchess of Death in a reporter , noted her career a reporter , noted her career that of she , shows each novel each novel , she shows us , she shows us an apparently impossible situation she shows us an apparently impossible situation and we us shows and an apparently impossible situation She what developed during her storytelling techniques what developed during her storytelling techniques has Author Dilys Winn called Christie " the doyenne of Christie did not limit herself Stereotyped characters abound (the, the stolid policeman , the devoted servant There is always a motivemost often Professor of Michael C. Gerald noted Pharmacology of Michael C. Gerald noted Pharmacology that Michael C. Gerald noted Pharmacology that " to Christie , was crime writer P. D. James Christie , was crime writer P. D. James prone Alert readers could sometimes identify the culprit Christie mocked this insight in her foreword in I , prefer disgust I , prefer disgust to I prefer to warn them in Brian Aldiss , said 2007 Christie , Brian Aldiss said 2007 Christie said had told him she as revised developed her plot Of the murderer , had necessity the murderer , had necessity to , the 600 members of chose the Crime Writers' Association the 600 members of chose the Crime Writers' Association " in there ; is his study his study ; there is a butler ; there who is a butler there who is a butler behaves who is a butler behaves suspiciously Every successful detective story in this period involved a deceit And Then There Were None " was named the "World's Favourite Christie The novel is emblematic of both her use There Were carries " None Were None " carries the 'closed society' type It begins with the classic set-up of no suspects , and gathered clues no suspects gathered together in the last chapter Christie included stereotyped descriptions of characters For she , described example she , described example " , she described " men she described " men of , the Anti-Defamation League in sent the US

the Anti-Defamation League in the US sent an official letter Christie's British literary agent later wrote to her US representative , one of is the characters one of is the characters " with Christie , portrayed the more stereotyped descriptions the more stereotyped descriptions , Christie portrayed some "foreign" characters , Christie portrayed some "foreign" characters as Christie portrayed some "foreign" characters as victims Marple, Christie and created also Poirot and Marple, Christie also created amateur detectives Marple, Christie also created amateur detectives Thomas Beresford Unlike the Beresfords , were her other sleuths the Beresfords , were her other sleuths only the Beresfords were only in their early twenties She treated their stories with a lighter touch the semi-supernatural Quin , works always the Harlequinade the semi-supernatural Quin always works with an elderly, conventional man The pair appear in 14 short stories , 12 in appear , 14 short stories Mallowan described these tales as " Another of her lesser-known characters is Parker Pyne who is , a retired civil servant Parker Pyne Over Oliver , reappeared the ensuing decades Oliver , reappeared the ensuing decades in , Oliver reappeared in seven novels In Michael Morton , adapted 1928 Michael Morton , adapted 1928 " , Michael Morton adapted " The Murder of Roger Ackroyd Michael Morton adapted " The Murder of Roger Ackroyd " The play enjoyed a respectable run , but Christie enjoyed , but a respectable run The first of was her own stage works first of was her own stage works " the theatre   ... engaged much She next adapted her short radio play into it believed would run no more than eight months In she , followed 1953 1953 , she followed this , she followed this with she followed this with " She is also the first female playwright to Christie published six mainstream novels under the name These books typically received better reviews than And it that is only a satisfying novel it that is only a satisfying novel can that is only a satisfying novel can claim the dust jacket of mentions " "Giant's Bread

the author " mentions that "Giant's Bread true , it disguised Christie's identity , it disguised Christie's identity through it disguised Christie's identity through understatement , Christie had published 10 novels Christie had published 10 novels and , You Tell How Me You Tell How Me Live In she , became 1955 1955 , she became the first recipient , she became the first recipient of she became the first recipient of the Mystery Writers of America's She was named "Best Writer of the Century " the "Hercule Poirot" series named " and "Best Writer of the Century she , voted was 2013 , she was voted "best crime writer she was voted "best crime writer " , the writer Raymond Chandler criticised the artificiality the writer Raymond Chandler criticised the artificiality of Christie , named was 2011 , Christie was named the second most financially successful crime writer Christie was named the second most financially successful crime writer of 25 contemporary mystery writers and one publisher gave their views Many of read had the authors Nearly all had one or more favourites among Christie's mysteries In Christie , was her prime Christie , was her prime rarely She was the first crime writer to have Half the sales are of English-language editions , to she , was Index Translationum Index Translationum , she was the most-translated individual author Christie is one of the most-borrowed authors 117,696 Christie audiobooks , sold were 2002 In the Christie estate , claimed 2015 the Christie estate , claimed 2015 " The first was the 1928 British film " first was the 1928 British film " The Passing of Mr. Quin" Poirot's first film appearance was in 1931 in Margaret Rutherford played Marple in a series She felt differently about the 1974 film It received nine BAFTA award nominations and won During Christie , took the First World War the First World War , Christie took a break , Christie took a break from Christie took a break from nursing than her new knowledge , provided nursing nursing , her new knowledge provided her , her new knowledge provided her with

her new knowledge provided her with a background the murder method that notes in Christie's first detective novel with Christie , stated journalist Marcelle Bernstein Christie , stated journalist Marcelle Bernstein , With Christie , had her expert knowledge her expert knowledge , Christie had no need , Christie had no need of Christie had no need of poisons In Christie , showed her youth her youth , Christie showed little interest , Christie showed little interest in Christie showed little interest in antiquities in she , accompanied 1930 1930 , she accompanied him , she accompanied him on she accompanied him on annual expeditions The Mallowans also took side trips whilst in she , paid the early 1950s she , paid the early 1950s to she paid to add a small writing room She also devoted time and this ; reflected is the Middle East this is reflected in the detail , she drew upon her knowledge she drew upon her knowledge of After Christie , chronicled the Second World War the Second World War , Christie chronicled her time , Christie chronicled her time in Christie chronicled her time in Syria BBC television released ' in 2004 Some of explored have Christie's fictional portrayals against Christie's heirs ; sued her husband Christie's heirs ; sued her husband unsuccessfully Christie (Dame Peggy Ashcroft ) murders one Christie features as a character in The American television program "Unsolved Mysteries " devoted a segment A young Agatha is depicted in the Spanish historical television series Christie ) , becomes 2018 Christie becomes involved in a murder case In Honeysuckle Weeks , portrayed 2019 2019 , Honeysuckle Weeks portrayed Christie , Honeysuckle Weeks portrayed Christie in Honeysuckle Weeks portrayed Christie in an episode in it , tells 1947 1947 , it tells the story , it tells the story from it tells the story from the point The narrator remains unknown until the start Camus used as source material the cholera epidemic that as source material used the cholera epidemic its surroundings were by struck disease were by struck disease several by struck disease several times

" is an existentialist considered classic is an existentialist considered classic despite an existentialist considered classic despite Camus' objection The novel stresses the powerlessness of the individual characters unnoticed by begin , the populace by begin , the populace to Dr. Rieux consults his colleague , Dr. Castel They both approach fellow doctors and Official notices enacting posted are control measures A supply of arrives finally plague serum The use of restricted is telephone lines He befriends some underground criminals so that they befriends so that some underground criminals His diatribe falls on the ears of In the situation , continues mid-August the situation , continues mid-August to People try to escape the town Funerals are conducted with more speed The inhabitants passively endure their increasing feelings of , the town remains at the mercy the town remains at the mercy of Rieux hears from the sanatorium that his wife's condition from the sanatorium hears that He also hardens his heart regarding He addresses the problem of an innocent child's suffering Paneloux , taken is the sermon , Paneloux is taken ill Tarrou and Rambert visit one of he , chooses quarantine ends he , chooses quarantine ends to Tarrou tells Rieux the story of Grand catches the plague and instructs Rieux catches and instructs the plague By the plague is late January in late January the plague is in full retreat the plague is in full retreat , Cottard is by distressed the ending is by distressed the ending of by distressed the ending of the epidemic Two government employees approach him , and he approach , and him Despite Tarrou , contracts the epidemic's ending the epidemic's ending , Tarrou contracts the plague , Tarrou contracts the plague and Tarrou contracts the plague and dies gates , the town open February Rambert is reunited with his wife Grand begins working on his novel The narrator of says the chronicle that of he says that the chronicle he says that the chronicle is he that says is Dr. Rieux Germaine Brée has characterised the struggle of Lulu Haroutunian has discussed Camus' own medical history ,

Louis R Rossi briefly discusses the role of Elwyn Sterling has analysed the role of The novel became a bestseller during the worldwide COVID-19 Sales in tripled Italy and in it tripled and Italy it tripled and Italy became it and tripled became a top-ten bestseller On he , informed 13 March 1942 13 March 1942 , he informed André Malraux , he informed André Malraux that he he informed that André Malraux he informed that André Malraux was Applied ethics refers to the practical application of It is ethics with respect the bioethics community , concerned is example Environmental ethics is concerned with ecological issues Applied ethics has expanded the study of applied ethics is , by its very nature these normative ethical theories which clash poses challenges which clash poses challenges when it , rather starts theory rather it starts with the immediate facts it starts with the immediate facts of it does not view ethical theory to casuists , start a particular case casuists , start a particular case with , casuists start with the particular case casuists start with the particular case itself a consensus that note on particularly problematic moral cases , the absolute value of is 3 the absolute value of 3 is 3 the absolute value is , and 3 In Jean-Robert Argand , introduced 1806 1806 , Jean-Robert Argand introduced the term "module , Jean-Robert Argand introduced the term "module " Jean-Robert Argand introduced the term "module " , by , was introduced each side , was by introduced Karl Weierstrass was by introduced Karl Weierstrass in by introduced Karl Weierstrass in 1841 Other names for include " "absolute value to it , denotes a matrix a matrix , it denotes its determinant Vertical bars denote the absolute value only for , the absolute value of is a real number the absolute value of that number's distance is a real number of that number's distance is a real number from a real number that number's distance is from zero that number's distance is from zero along one that note of the two alternatives

The absolute value of defined is a complex number of by is defined a complex number a complex number is by defined the Euclidean distance is by defined the Euclidean distance of by defined the Euclidean distance of its corresponding point " y " denote the real and imaginary parts y " denote the real and imaginary parts of This inequality also applies to infinite families have it , is the same absolute value the same absolute value , it is an even function , it is an even function , it is an even function , and where an arbitrary constant is of integration It follows from positive-definiteness and formula 116 , the absolute value is a norm , the absolute value is a norm , the absolute value is a norm , and Every composition algebra "A " has an involution quaternions formula 122 are all composition algebras formula 122 are all composition algebras with the norm of be may a composition algebra a composition algebra may that be a quadratic form may that be a quadratic form is that be a quadratic form is not An analog signal is any continuous signal for which the time-varying feature any continuous signal for is which In a digital signal , represents contrast contrast , a digital signal represents the original time-varying quantity , a digital signal represents the original time-varying quantity as a digital signal represents the original time-varying quantity as a sampled sequence An analog signal uses some property of the medium For an aneroid barometer , uses example example , an aneroid barometer uses rotary position , an aneroid barometer uses rotary position as an aneroid barometer uses rotary position as the signal such a signal ; be may an analog signal ; such a signal may be a measured response such a signal may be a measured response to The physical variable is converted to an analog signal is by to converted an analog signal by to an analog signal converted a transducer An analog signal is subject to electronic noise In it , is analog systems

it , is analog systems difficult Arecales is an order of flowering plants ) by is created a fictional Belgian detective by a fictional Belgian detective created is British writer Agatha Christie A more obvious influence on the early Poirot stories is that Christie's Poirot was clearly the result of Germany during I provided World War during World War I provided a plausible explanation World War I provided a plausible explanation of I provided a plausible explanation of why such a skilled detective provided of why a plausible explanation By Agatha Christie , found 1930 Poirot , Agatha Christie found 1930 Poirot " , admits "Curtain Poirot that has green eyes are that has green eyes are repeatedly he " , admits "Curtain , he admits to Hastings he admits to Hastings that he to admits that Hastings Frequent mention is made of his patent leather shoes there , said " television there " said 's no question Poirot " , operates "The Mysterious Affair at Styles , Poirot operates as a fairly conventional, clue-based and logical detective Poirot operates as a fairly conventional, clue-based and logical detective ; Hastings is by irritated the fact is by irritated the fact that Poirot by irritated that the fact Hastings , kept is this novel Hastings is kept in the dark Poirot himself , mocks clues himself , Poirot mocks a rival "bloodhound" detective , Poirot who mocks a rival "bloodhound" detective Poirot who mocks a rival "bloodhound" detective focuses who mocks a rival "bloodhound" detective focuses on Poirot on , establishes this point on , Poirot establishes his psychological bona fides examining he , enquires crime scenes he , enquires crime scenes into , he enquires into the nature he enquires into the nature of In he , casts the early novels the early novels , he casts himself , he casts himself in he casts himself in the role In Christie , made later works later works , Christie made a point , Christie made a point of Christie made a point of having Poirot made of having a point , Poirot speaks of a non-existent mentally disabled nephew

Poirot speaks of a non-existent mentally disabled nephew to Poirot " , invents "Dumb Witness " , Poirot invents an elderly invalid mother , Poirot invents an elderly invalid mother as Poirot invents an elderly invalid mother as a pretence Poirot's mind raced back over the details that Had all really happened , to speak is the broken English to speak the broken English is an enormous asset It leads people to despise people , bound were truth she , " admitted "An Autobiography We left the main road and wound Poirot that wrote is a Catholic Christie provides little information regarding Poirot's childhood Gustave ... was not a policeman I have dealt with policemen Hercule Poirot was active in the Brussels police force mention is made about this part Nevertheless , he regards the 1893 case , he regards the 1893 case in he regards the 1893 case in " During Poirot , shot his police career his police career , Poirot shot a man , Poirot who shot a man Poirot who shot a man was who shot a man was firing Poirot " , reveals "Lord Edgware Dies Around that time he met Xavier Bouc that time he met Xavier Bouc , he met Xavier Bouc , director me heard speak of Mr Poirot Ah , those were the days , those were the days Moosier do you remember " Baron" Altara There was a pretty rogue for you He eluded the clutches of half the police Poirot , " mentions "The Double Clue he that mentions was Chief During Poirot , left World War I World War I , Poirot left Belgium , Poirot left Belgium for Poirot left Belgium for England On he met again 16 July 1916 16 July 1916 he again met his lifelong friend he again met his lifelong friend , Poirot , came apparently that case Poirot apparently came to the attention After Poirot , became the war the war , Poirot became a private detective , Poirot became a private detective and Poirot became a private detective and began Hastings first visits the flat

he the visits when flat The TV programmes place this in Florin Court it , chosen was Hastings it was by chosen Poirot was by chosen Poirot " by chosen Poirot " entirely Poirot in built after 1936, decades Between Poirot , travelled the world wars Poirot , travelled the world wars all Poirot travelled all over Europe Most of occurred his cases during he during occurred and this time In he , solved the Middle East the Middle East , he solved the cases , he solved the cases " he solved the cases " Death on the Nile on he , solved his return trip he , solved his return trip " , he solved " The Murder on the Orient Express he solved " The Murder on the Orient Express " It he during was this time he during was this time met The history of is the Countess , Rossakoff that acknowledges offered wildly varying accounts It is the misfortune of small, precise men Poirot " , sided "The Nemean Lion , Poirot sided with the criminal Poirot sided with the criminal , Poirot even sent Miss Carnaby two hundred pounds the murderer allowed to escape justice he " , helped "The Augean Stables Poirot " , allowed Murder on the Orient Express The victim had which committed a disgusting crime had which committed a disgusting crime led which committed a disgusting crime led to There was no question of his guilt in Poirot , returned the Middle East Poirot , returned the Middle East to , Poirot returned to Britain ( he see ) next section he see ) next section very That ’s the way of it the cases covered by take Poirot's private detective agency covered by Poirot's private detective agency take place by Poirot's private detective agency take place before Poirot's private detective agency his retirement take before place his retirement take before place to There is specific mention in " the Ackroyd case must have taken place Poirot once , is marrows of Poirot , speaks a rudimentary chronology Poirot , speaks a rudimentary chronology of

He declines to solve a case He continues to employ his secretary Christie had perfected during the inter-war years he " , is "Hickory Dickory Dock of it , becomes his career it , becomes his career clear He assumes a genuinely inactive lifestyle during which he a genuinely inactive lifestyle during assumes which He even writes a book about becomes increasingly by bemused the vulgarism increasingly by bemused the vulgarism of by bemused the vulgarism of the up-and-coming generation's young people he " , investigates "Hickory Dickory Dock " , he investigates the strange goings , he investigates the strange goings - he investigates the strange goings - on On Poirot , died the ITV television series Poirot , died the ITV television series in , Poirot died in October 1949 Poirot died in October 1949 from This took place at Styles Court In he , lived Christie's novels he , lived Christie's novels into , he lived into the early 1970s he lived into the early 1970s , , he had moved his amyl he had moved his amyl nitrite pills He thereby became the murderer in he killed , but anyone It is revealed at the end His last recorded words are " Cher ami ! He becomes Poirot's lifelong friend and appears Poirot regards Hastings as a poor private detective Hastings marries and has four children Hastings is capable of great bravery he , chooses initially that novel The two are an airtight team until two Hastings are until an airtight team Hastings are until an airtight team meets They later emigrated to Argentina Like she , is Christie she , is Christie not We never learn anything about She also has a habit of She has authored more than 56 novels and She is the only one she makes within are the series Poirot described her as being She is an expert on nearly everything She also worked for the government statistician-turned-philanthropist Parker Pyne before she entered is his employment she entered is his employment unknown she was by portrayed Angela Easterling was by portrayed Angela Easterling ,

by portrayed Angela Easterling , while Japp is a Scotland Yard Inspector and appears He first met Poirot in Later that year they joined forces again they joined forces again to They also meet in England Poirot in meet where England Japp was by portrayed Philip Jackson The Poirot books take readers through the whole Hercule Poirot became famous in 1926 of Edmund Wilson : alludes all detective novels Edmund Wilson : alludes all detective novels to : Edmund Wilson alludes to it Edmund Wilson alludes to it in the most critically acclaimed Poirot novels " , appeared "Roger Ackroyd the Poirot canon , added was 2014 was by to added Sophie Hannah by to added Sophie Hannah , The novel was called "The Monogram Murders " The first actor to portray was Hercule Poirot the play , performed was 1932 American playwright Ken Ludwig adapted " Murder on the Orient Express " Austin Trevor debuted the role of Poirot The film was based on the stage play Trevor reprised the role of Poirot Trevor's Poirot did not have a moustache Tony Randall portrayed Poirot in "The Alphabet Murders This was more a satire of Poirot Albert Finney played Poirot in 1974 Peter Ustinov played Poirot six times Christie's daughter Rosalind Hicks observed Ustinov during He appeared again as Poirot Earlier adaptations were set during the time first of based was these It also starred Faye Dunaway , In Kenneth Branagh , directed 2017 Kenneth Branagh , directed 2017 and Branagh returned for the sequel , David Suchet starred as Poirot in In , NHK (Japanese public TV network produced ) 2004 2004 , NHK (Japanese public TV network ) produced a 39 episode anime series , NHK (Japanese public TV network ) produced a 39 episode anime series titled From BBC Radio 4 , produced 1985 to 2007 1985 to 2007 , BBC Radio 4 produced a series , BBC Radio 4 produced a series of BBC Radio 4 produced a series of twenty-seven adaptations In Audible , released 2017 2017 , Audible released an original audio adaptation , Audible released an original audio adaptation of

Audible released an original audio adaptation of " The cast included Jane Asher as Mrs. Hubbard , Poirot appears as a young boy Poirot appears as a young boy on , one of refers the characters one of refers the characters to she , mocked is the episode she is mocked as Hercule Poirot TVFPlay also telecasted a spoof of Miss Marple is a fictional character in Agatha Christie's crime novels Jane Marple lives in the village of as she , is an elderly spinster an elderly spinster , she is one , she is one of she is one of Christie's best-known characters Her first appearance was in a short story published The character of based is Miss Marple Christie attributed the inspiration for the character Christie also used material from for he , replaced the stage the stage , he replaced the character , he replaced the character of he replaced the character of Caroline This change she saddened and Christie she saddened and Christie determined This early version of Miss Marple is a gleeful gossip Miss Marple solves difficult crimes thanks to Crimes always remind her of She also has a remarkable ability to Raymond overestimates himself and underestimates Miss Marple employs young women ( including briefly by after looked her irritating companion by after looked her irritating companion , She is not from the aristocracy She demonstrates a remarkably thorough education , including her age , mentioned is the stories forty-one years " , passed "Sleeping Murder , forty-one years passed between the first and last-written novels forty-one years passed between the first and last-written novels , Miss Marple's background is described in some detail ; Rendell said of St. Mary Mead Rendell said of St. Mary Mead that she of said that St. Mary Mead I do n’t believe that directed by starred , Reginald Tate by Reginald Tate , starred the 35-year-old Barbara Mullen At the Miss Marple role taken was the end of March 1976 the Miss Marple role taken was the end of March 1976 over was by over taken Avril Angers by over taken Avril Angers ,

These were successful light comedies , but Rutherford presented the character as a bold and eccentric old lady This film was based on the 1957 novel Mrs. McGillicuddy , cut is the film Mrs. McGillicuddy is cut from the plot Miss Marple herself sees an apparent murder committed Likewise , it is Miss Marple , it is Miss Marple herself it who is herself Miss Marple who is herself Miss Marple poses The music to composed was all four films by and conducted composed Ron Goodwin The same theme is used on all four films The main theme has a distinct 1960s feel to The score was written within a couple of weeks was by within written a couple of weeks by within a couple of weeks written Goodwin she , insisted that February 1961 she that insisted wear her own clothes In Angela Lansbury , played 1980 1980 , Angela Lansbury played Miss Marple , Angela Lansbury played Miss Marple in Angela Lansbury played Miss Marple in " The film that featured an all-star cast included that an all-star cast featured included Elizabeth Taylor Edward Fox appeared as Inspector Craddock , who as appeared , Inspector Craddock Lansbury's Marple who was a crisp, intelligent woman moved who a crisp, intelligent woman was moved stiffly one , this smoked Miss Marple , this one smoked cigarettes Sue Grafton contributed to the screenplay of From 1984 to 1992 , the BBC adapted all , the BBC adapted all of the BBC adapted all of the original Miss Marple novels I , " hope her She portrayed a maid in the 1937 film Hickson , narrated also television , Hickson also narrated a number Hickson also narrated a number of in ITV , broadcast 2004 2004 , ITV broadcast a series , ITV broadcast a series of ITV broadcast a series of adaptations The adaptations change the plots and characters In it revealed is the Geraldine McEwan series it revealed is the Geraldine McEwan series that , Japanese TV network NHK produced a 39 episode anime series Japanese TV network NHK produced a 39 episode anime series titled

Miss Marple's voice is by provided Kaoru Yachigusa The Romans gave this month the Latin name "Aprilis " The traditional etymology is from the verb "aperire " some of named were the Roman months April was the second month of the earliest Roman calendar It became the fourth month of the calendar year The Venerable Bede says in " The Reckoning of Time ; finally Julius Caesar’s calendar reform made it finally Julius Caesar’s calendar reform made it again Julius Caesar’s calendar reform made it again 30 days , the month Aprilis had a significant meaning the month Aprilis had a significant meaning to Aprilis had a significant meaning to the life the festival of held was Cerealia Eta Aquariids meteor shower also appears in April The Pi Puppids appear on April 23 , August is the eighth month of the year in the Julian and Gregorian calendars BC , it became the eighth month , it became the eighth month when it January became when the eighth month January became when the eighth month and Julius Caesar he added when two days he added when two days created it , renamed was 8 BC it was renamed in honor by he , chose Macrobius he , chose Macrobius this month Commonly repeated lore August has that it August has that it has In August , is the Southern Hemisphere the Southern Hemisphere , August is the seasonal equivalent , August is the seasonal equivalent of August is the seasonal equivalent of February In August , falls the Northern Hemisphere August , falls the Northern Hemisphere in , August falls in the season of summer In the month , falls the Southern Hemisphere the month , falls the Southern Hemisphere during , the month falls during the season of winter In August , is many European countries many European countries , August is the holiday month , August is the holiday month for August is the holiday month for most workers Certain meteor showers take place in August The Kappa Cygnids take place in August The Alpha Capricornids meteor shower takes place as early as July 10 and

about Aaron , served the Israelites Aaron , served the Israelites as , Aaron served as his brother's spokesman Aaron served as his brother's spokesman ( the Israelites before died crossed the Jordan river to he , died the Book of Numbers he , died the Book of Numbers and Aaron , functioned first the Book of Exodus Aaron first functioned as Moses' assistant well , God appointed Aaron , God appointed Aaron as God appointed Aaron as Moses' "prophet of he , let Moses his rod , he let Moses his rod let turn into a snake Then he stretched out his rod he stretched out his rod in in Aaron , was the wilderness Aaron , was the wilderness not he , chosen was Amalek he was chosen with Hur he Moses at Mount Sinai , headed to Moses at Mount Sinai , he headed the elders , he headed the elders of he headed the elders of Israel who the elders of headed Israel The books of maintain Exodus, Leviticus and Numbers that of Aaron maintain that Exodus, Leviticus and Numbers Aaron maintain that Exodus, Leviticus and Numbers received The family of Aaron had the exclusive right He also related to them God commissioned the Aaronide priests to distinguish the glory blessed : and the people It does reflect a two-tier priesthood with As many historians , think a result many historians , think a result that What is clear is that high priests is clear is that high priests claiming clear Aaronide descent is claiming that high priests Aaronide descent is claiming that high priests dominated Aaron plays a leading role in several stories Moses on Mount Sinai , the people provoked Aaron , the people provoked Aaron to the people provoked Aaron to make of a plague ; afflicted the culprits the culprits ; a plague afflicted those ; a plague who afflicted those a plague who afflicted those were who afflicted those were left were by up burned divine fire by up burned divine fire because Most interpreters this story think reflects a conflict this story think reflects a conflict between

The Torah generally depicts the siblings , Their presumption was by rebuffed God was who by rebuffed God who by rebuffed God affirmed Miriam was punished with a skin disease Aaron pleaded with Moses to , a Levite named led Korah a Levite named Korah led many of Moses , collected the Israelites the Israelites , Moses collected a rod , Moses collected a rod from Moses collected a rod from the leaders There are two accounts of the death There Moses stripped Aaron of Moses stripped Aaron of his priestly garments Aaron died on the summit of The other account is found in Deuteronomy There is a significant amount of travel Aaron married Elisheba , daughter The sons of Aaron were Eleazar A descendant of Aaron is an Aaronite below he : is Moses Moses : he is his mouthpiece : he is his mouthpiece , he is his mouthpiece , and the executor is , and his mouthpiece a different ideal of formed was the priest , Aaron went to the summit Aaron went to the summit of by as if departed a kiss The cave closed behind Moses as he behind closed as Moses The rabbis particularly praise the brotherly sentiment between they ; instead rejoiced any jealousy instead they rejoiced in each other's greatness When Moses at declined first Moses at declined first to find Shimon bar Yochai , says his reward Shimon bar Yochai , says his reward ; Shimon bar Yochai says ; for that heart Of it said is them it said is them : for Moses stood for righteousness Moses stood for righteousness and Aaron , shrank modestly Aaron Then the Shekhinah spoke the words : the Shekhinah spoke the words : " , Aaron's activity as began a prophet Aaron's activity as began a prophet earlier is further by illustrated the tradition further by illustrated the tradition that Aaron by illustrated that the tradition brooking Aaron , went no wrong Aaron , went no wrong about Aaron went about as peacemaker the making of the rabbis find the Golden Calf of the rabbis find the Golden Calf extenuating

the Golden Calf the rabbis find extenuating circumstances the rabbis find extenuating circumstances for Aaron , venerated is the Eastern Orthodox and Maronite churches Aaron is venerated as a saint is whose feast day as venerated a saint whose feast day as venerated a saint is Those churches that follow celebrate the traditional Julian calendar that follow celebrate the traditional Julian calendar this day Aaron is commemorated as one of the Aaronic order , is Latter-day Saints Latter-day Saints , the Aaronic order is the lesser order , the Aaronic order is the lesser order of the Aaronic order is the lesser order of priesthood ; the head of is the priesthood the head of the priesthood is the bishop the Aaronic order of regarded is priesthood The Quran praises Aaron repeatedly , Aaron appears paired with Moses usually be by distinguished his priestly vestments be by distinguished his priestly vestments , by distinguished his priestly vestments , especially his turban He frequently holds a censor or Aaron also appears in scenes from Germany , depicts Fulda Fulda , Germany depicts Aaron , Germany depicts Aaron with Germany depicts Aaron with his censor Aaron has rarely been the subject Christian artists sometimes portray Aaron as sometimes a prophet portray as Aaron a prophet portray as Aaron holding Illustrations of include usually the Golden Calf story In an alcohol , is chemistry chemistry , an alcohol is a type , an alcohol is a type of an alcohol is a type of organic compound that a type of is organic compound The term alcohol originally referred to the primary alcohol ethanol the general formula all compounds for includes which the substance that indicates is an alcohol The distillation of attested is wine Al- is the Arabic definite article , equivalent by for used produced the very fine powder By the word , came extension the word , came extension to IUPAC nomenclature is used in scientific publications , the name of loses the alkane chain the name of loses the alkane chain the the position of indicated is the hydroxyl group of by is indicated the hydroxyl group

the hydroxyl group is by indicated a number is by indicated a number between by indicated a number between the alkane name the molecule , classified is an aromatic ring Propyl alcohol may be " n"-propyl alcohol The simplest primary alcohol is methanol ( ) Secondary alcohols are those of the form RR'CHOH For the tertiary alcohols the general form is RR'R"COH The simplest example is tert-butanol ( 2-methylpropan-2-ol Methanol is the most common industrial alcohol , with to simple alcohols , have acute toxicity acute toxicity , simple alcohols have low acute toxicities Doses of tolerated are several milliliters ) is by affected the presence is by affected the presence of by affected the presence of ethanol Those groups can form hydrogen bonds to of alcohols , tend hydrogen bonding alcohols , tend hydrogen bonding to alcohols tend to have higher boiling points Ethanol is the most prominent Some low molecular weight alcohols of produced are industrial importance of by are produced industrial importance industrial importance are by produced the addition are by produced the addition of by produced the addition of water tert-butanol are by produced this general method The direct method avoids the formation of stable intermediates the alkene , converted is the indirect method the alkene is converted to the sulfate ester which to converted , the sulfate ester Ethanol is by obtained fermentation is by obtained fermentation using by obtained fermentation using glucose This metabolic reaction produces ethanol as a waste product Thus , human bodies contain some quantity , human bodies contain some quantity of human bodies contain some quantity of alcohol can be by produced fermentation processes Primary alkyl halides react with aqueous NaOH ( Secondary and especially tertiary alkyl halides will give the elimination (alkene) product Secondary and especially tertiary alkyl halides will give the elimination (alkene) product instead Grignard reagents react with carbonyl groups Another reduction by aluminiumisopropylates is the Meerwein-Ponndorf-Verley reduction Alkenes engage in an acid catalysed hydration reaction using The hydroboration-oxidation and oxymercuration-reduction of are alkenes more Alkenes react with NBS and around they , are 16–19 they , are 16–19 ,

by is strongly affected alcohols is strongly by affected solvation In alcohols , are the gas phase alcohols , are the gas phase more For tertiary alcohols , react instance tertiary alcohols , react instance with , tertiary alcohols react with hydrochloric acid tertiary alcohols react with hydrochloric acid to with alcohols , undergo strong acids strong acids , alcohols undergo the E1 elimination reaction , alcohols undergo the E1 elimination reaction to alcohols undergo the E1 elimination reaction to produce Tertiary alcohols react with strong acids to A special kind of dehydration reaction involves triphenylmethanol It has a population of 2,594 Achill is attached to the mainland is by to attached the mainland by to the mainland attached Michael Davitt Bridge Other centres of population include the villages the Neolithic people until forest began crop cultivation Settlement increased during the Iron Age , The hereditary chieftains of Umhall were the O'Malleys Connacht in the territory saw 1235 AD in the territory saw 1235 AD of 1235 AD the territory saw of Umhall the territory saw of Umhall taken In there , was the 17th and 18th centuries the 17th and 18th centuries , there was much migration , there was much migration to there was much migration to Achill For a while there were two different dialects a while there were two different dialects of there were two different dialects of Irish Carrickkildavnet Castle is a 15th-century tower house associated with Her father was the chieftain of the barony The O'Malleys who were , a powerful seafaring family who were , a powerful seafaring family traded Grace became a fearless leader and gained One of Achill's most famous historical sites is that In the Church of Ireland Reverend Edward Nangle , founded 1831 1831 , the Church of Ireland Reverend Edward Nangle founded a proselytising mission , the Church of Ireland Reverend Edward Nangle founded a proselytising mission at the Church of Ireland Reverend Edward Nangle founded a proselytising mission at Dugort The Mission included schools , cottages The Colony gave rise to mixed assessments For almost forty years Edward Nangle edited a newspaper

almost forty years Edward Nangle edited a newspaper called Edward Nangle edited a newspaper called the Achill Missionary Herald Nangle expanded his mission into Mweelin she ; buried is 1852 she is buried with six the Westport – Newport railway line , extended was 1894 the Westport – Newport railway line was extended to Achill Sound The train provided a great service to Achill , the first train on carried the Achill railway the first train on the Achill railway carried the bodies The Kirkintilloch Fire in fulfilled almost 1937 the railway , close would the last train These people had died in a fire Dr. John MacHale , Archbishop of Tuam purchased land which land in purchased Bunnacurry The building of marked was the monastery of by was marked the monastery the monastery was by marked a conflict was by marked a conflict between by marked a conflict between the followers The dispute is known in the island folklore He wrote a biography of James Lynchehaun who a biography of wrote James Lynchehaun Brother Paul also wrote accounts of The historic Valley House is located in The Valley The present building sits on the site of Its notoriety arises from an incident in had been by employed McDonnell been by employed McDonnell as by employed McDonnell as her land agent He escaped custody and fled Agnes McDonnell suffered terrible injuries from the attack The houses were built of unmortared stone which of built , unmortared stone one , see can the mountain , one can see the tracks one can see the tracks in the land that meant around a village was then by shared all the villagers then by shared all the villagers to by shared all the villagers to graze For people lived many years in many years people lived in the village people lived in the village and Most of moved the families to Living beside meant the sea that beside fish meant that the sea fish meant that the sea and No one has lived in these houses This means that during the summer season the tenants ; forced were cattle grazing

The summer 2009 field school excavated Round House 2 on Slievemore Mountain under the direction directed by sponsored was Chuck Meide by by was sponsored Chuck Meide Chuck Meide was by sponsored the College of William was by sponsored the College of William and by sponsored the College of William and Mary This project focused on the documentation of South of Keem beach which is , Moytoge Head which is , Moytoge Head with During this post rebuilt was the Second World War by this post was rebuilt the Second World War this post was by rebuilt the Irish Defence Forces was by rebuilt the Irish Defence Forces as by rebuilt the Irish Defence Forces as a Look Out Post of there , is Slievemore Slievemore , there is an abandoned village , there is an abandoned village ( there is an abandoned village ( the "Deserted Village "Little Achill " ) is a small island Its inhabitants were resettled on Achill It is located in Cloughmore , the economy of is the island the economy of is the island largely of fewer Achill people forced were Ireland's "Celtic Tiger" economy fewer Achill people forced were Ireland's "Celtic Tiger" economy to Agriculture the fact plays and a small role the fact plays and a small role that In fishing , was the past the past , fishing was a significant activity , fishing was a significant activity but fishing this aspect was but a significant activity this aspect was but a significant activity of the island , known was one stage the island was known for its shark fishing There was a big spurt of growth the common perception each year , is healthy visitor numbers tourism that is in Achill , the largest employers on are Achill the largest employers on Achill are two hotels many artists , had have almost two centuries , many artists have had a close relationship many artists have had a close relationship with Hedge schools existed in most villages of A university was by started the missions was by started the missions to by started the missions to Achill

In there , used the modern age there , used the modern age to there used to be two secondary schools For there , are primary education primary education , there are eight National Schools , there are eight National Schools including there are eight National Schools including Bullsmouth NS Achill Island has many bars , cafes Achill which has a Gaelic football club competes which has a Gaelic football club competes in Achill Island's rugged landscape and the surrounding ocean offers multiple locations In the population , was 2016 2016 , the population was 2,594 , the population was 2,594 , the population was 2,594 , with 5.2% was , with 2,594 in he , began the 1940s the 1940s , he began friendships , he began friendships with he began friendships with William S. Burroughs San Francisco police and US Customs seized "Howl The poem reflected Ginsberg's own sexuality and his relationships Ginsberg who was a Buddhist extensively who was a Buddhist extensively studied One of his most influential teachers was Tibetan Buddhist Chögyam Trungpa Ginsberg took part in decades In he , received 1979 1979 , he received the National Arts Club gold medal , he received the National Arts Club gold medal and he received the National Arts Club gold medal and was Ginsberg was born into a Jewish family As Ginsberg , began a teenager Ginsberg , began a teenager to Ginsberg began to write letters He published his first poems in the "Paterson Morning Call in Ginsberg , became high school Ginsberg , became high school interested Ginsberg became interested in the works In he , joined 1945 1945 , he joined the Merchant Marine , he joined the Merchant Marine to he joined the Merchant Marine to earn to Ginsberg , spent The Poetry Foundation The Poetry Foundation , Ginsberg spent several months , Ginsberg spent several months in Ginsberg spent several months in a mental institution His mother was by affected a psychological illness was that by affected a psychological illness that by affected a psychological illness was She was also an active member of

I grew suspicious of both sides Naomi Ginsberg's mental illness often manifested as paranoid delusions those around Naomi caused her around Naomi caused her to Naomi caused her to draw ; she would spend much she would spend much of in he , accompanied junior high school junior high school , he accompanied his mother , he accompanied his mother by he accompanied his mother by bus disturbed he — mentioned Ginsberg Ginsberg — he mentioned it — he mentioned it and he mentioned it and other moments is by soon followed the line by soon followed the line " the deletion admitted was the expletive Ginsberg received a letter from his mother from she ; says drugs she ; says drugs , In she wrote a letter to a letter she wrote to Ginsberg's brother she wrote to Ginsberg's brother Eugene The sunshine showed too , a key Ginsberg's first year at he met Columbia at Columbia he met fellow undergraduate Lucien Carr Columbia he met fellow undergraduate Lucien Carr , he who met , fellow undergraduate Lucien Carr who met , fellow undergraduate Lucien Carr introduced Carr also introduced Ginsberg to On Kerouac " described the Road the Road " Kerouac described the meeting " Kerouac described the meeting between Kerouac described the meeting between Ginsberg Kerouac saw them as the dark (Ginsberg of Kerouac , named the Communist Party the Communist Party , Kerouac named him , Kerouac named him "Carlo Marx Kerouac named him "Carlo Marx " in Ginsberg , met New York New York , Ginsberg met Gregory Corso , Ginsberg met Gregory Corso in Ginsberg met Gregory Corso in the Pony Stable Bar by , was supported prison , was by supported the Pony Stable patrons was by supported the Pony Stable patrons and by supported the Pony Stable patrons and was Ginsberg introduced Corso to the rest at Corso , showed the Pony Stable the Pony Stable , Corso showed Ginsberg , Corso showed Ginsberg a poem Corso showed Ginsberg a poem about the woman happened to be Ginsberg's girlfriend Ginsberg took Corso over to

There the woman proposed sex with the woman proposed sex with Corso Ginsberg introduced Corso to Kerouac in he , became Ginsberg's life he , became Ginsberg's life romantically Elise Cowen , read extensively a Barnard student , Elise Cowen extensively read the poetry Elise Cowen extensively read the poetry of of Beat poetry , seemed the time Beat poetry , seemed the time to Beat poetry seemed to provide an allure at Cowen , earned Barnard Barnard , Cowen earned the nickname , Cowen earned the nickname " Cowen earned the nickname " Beat Alice with Ginsberg , discovered Elise Cowen Ginsberg , discovered Elise Cowen that they that discovered shared a mutual friend in Ginsberg , had Harlem Harlem , Ginsberg had an auditory hallucination , Ginsberg had an auditory hallucination while Ginsberg had an auditory hallucination while reading he ; looked then that he then looked at the sky existence — was itself my eyes — existence itself was God existence itself was God " Ginsberg moved to San Francisco during in Ginsberg , met San Francisco San Francisco , Ginsberg met Peter Orlovsky , Ginsberg met Peter Orlovsky ( Ginsberg met Peter Orlovsky ( 1933–2010 in Ginsberg , met San Francisco San Francisco , Ginsberg met members , Ginsberg met members of Ginsberg met members of the San Francisco Renaissance Ginsberg's mentor William Carlos Williams wrote an introductory letter to , Ginsberg also met three budding poets Ginsberg also met three budding poets and who met and Zen enthusiasts three budding poets Ginsberg advertised the event as "Six Poets " The Six Gallery reading " took place The Six Gallery reading " took place on the reading , included that night Ginsberg , the reading that night included the first public presentation the reading that night included the first public presentation of I : " saw its opening line : " I saw the best minds " I saw the best minds of I saw the best minds of my generation " "Howl " was considered scandalous it , banned was San Francisco's City Lights Bookstore it was banned for obscenity

The ban became a cause célèbre among defenders Ginsberg claimed at one point that all at claimed that one point in by is driven many ways many ways is by driven the same emotions " Howl " chronicles the development Howl " chronicles the development of He begins the poem with " I begins with " the poem function — madness was its disease In Ginsberg , focused the poem Ginsberg , focused the poem on Ginsberg focused on " Carl Solomon I 'm with you in In Ginsberg , surprised 1957 1957 , Ginsberg surprised the literary world , Ginsberg surprised the literary world by Ginsberg surprised the literary world by abandoning he and Peter Orlovsky joined Gregory Corso Corso introduced them to a shabby lodging house were soon by joined Burroughs soon by joined Burroughs and by joined Burroughs and others It was a productive, creative time for all There , Ginsberg began his epic poem "Kaddish , Ginsberg began his epic poem "Kaddish " Ginsberg began his epic poem "Kaddish " , Corso began " , his epic poem "Kaddish This period was by documented the photographer Harold Chapman was by documented the photographer Harold Chapman , who by documented , the photographer Harold Chapman during he , formed this time this time , he formed friendships , he formed friendships with he formed friendships with some In Ginsberg , arrived May 1965 Ginsberg , arrived May 1965 in , Ginsberg arrived in London Ginsberg arrived in London , after he , gave his arrival his arrival , he gave a reading , he gave a reading at he gave a reading at Better Books plans , hatched were the bookshop reading plans were hatched for the International Poetry Incarnation which for hatched , the International Poetry Incarnation The event attracted an audience of 7,000 Peter Whitehead documented the event on film A key feature of seems this term to many that claimed of the writers Some of include these friends : in Ginsberg , formed his life his life , Ginsberg formed a bridge , Ginsberg formed a bridge between

Ginsberg formed a bridge between the beat movement Ginsberg gave his last public reading at Booksmith In Kerouac , began 1950 Kerouac , began 1950 studying , Kerouac began studying Buddhism Kerouac began studying Buddhism and Snyder had previously spent time At Snyder , chanted one point one point , Snyder chanted the Prajnaparamita , Snyder chanted the Prajnaparamita , Snyder which chanted , the Prajnaparamita which chanted , the Prajnaparamita in on Ginsberg , met his journey his journey , Ginsberg met Dudjom Rinpoche , Ginsberg met Dudjom Rinpoche in Ginsberg met Dudjom Rinpoche in Kalimpong to a chance , encounter the United States a chance , encounter the United States on , a chance encounter on a New York City street a chance encounter on a New York City street with in he , befriended New York New York , he befriended him , he befriended him , he befriended him , visiting This relationship is by documented Satsvarupa dasa Goswami is by documented Satsvarupa dasa Goswami in by documented Satsvarupa dasa Goswami in his biographical account "Srila Prabhupada Lilamrta Ginsberg , sang often Bhaktivedanta Swami's required prohibitions , Ginsberg often sang the Hare Krishna mantra Ginsberg often sang the Hare Krishna mantra publicly On Ginsberg , helped January 17, 1967 Ginsberg , helped January 17, 1967 plan in Allen Ginsberg , agreed San Francisco Allen Ginsberg , agreed San Francisco to Allen Ginsberg agreed to attend the Mantra-Rock Dance It featured some leading rock bands of the time He often accompanied himself on to Ginsberg , refined Malay Roy Choudhury Malay Roy Choudhury , Ginsberg refined his practice , Ginsberg refined his practice while Ginsberg refined his practice while learning on Buckley , acceded September 3, 1968 Buckley , acceded September 3, 1968 and the host 's , commented Buckley Ginsberg further brought mantras into Ginsberg came in touch with to the journalist Jane Kramer , argues Eastern religions the journalist Jane Kramer , argues Eastern religions that he , suffered also life , he also suffered constant minor ailments he also suffered constant minor ailments such for Ginsberg , continued congestive heart failure

Ginsberg , continued congestive heart failure making , Ginsberg continued making phone calls Ginsberg continued making phone calls to He died on April 5, 1997 , talk about him made taboo subjects about him made taboo subjects a him made taboo subjects a controversial by " was considered "Howl " was by considered some was by considered some to by considered some to be Ginsberg used phrases such as that discussed banned were sex Instead , Ginsberg portrayed casual sex Ginsberg " , praises "Howl " , Ginsberg praises the man , Ginsberg praises the man " Ginsberg who praises " the man who praises " the man sweetened Ginsberg used gritty descriptions and explicit sexual language Ginsberg , discussed also his poetry , Ginsberg also discussed the then-taboo topic Ginsberg also discussed the then-taboo topic of Ginsberg continued to broach controversial subjects From Ginsberg , had 1970 to 1996 1970 to 1996 , Ginsberg had a long-term affiliation , Ginsberg had a long-term affiliation with Ginsberg had a long-term affiliation with PEN American Center Ginsberg was a signer of the anti-war manifesto Other signers and RESIST included members Ginsberg talked openly about his connections He admired Fidel Castro and many other Marxist figures of Ginsberg , objected the Communist Party Ginsberg , objected the Communist Party : Ginsberg travelled to several communist countries to in Ginsberg deported was 1965 Ginsberg deported was 1965 from Ginsberg was deported from Cuba The Cubans sent him to Czechoslovakia Ginsberg was an early proponent of freedom In he , discovered 1943 he , discovered 1943 within , he discovered within himself he discovered within himself "mountains He expressed this desire openly and He also struck a note for as he , challenged indecent he , challenged indecent — Ginsberg was a supporter and member Ginsberg " , stated free speech Ginsberg stated : " Attacks on NAMBLA stink of politics I 'm a member of NAMBLA Ginsberg talked often about drug use He organized the New York City chapter of LeMar Throughout the 1960s he took an active role the 1960s he took an active role in

he took an active role in the demystification He remained for many decades an advocate Ginsberg worked closely with Alfred W. McCoy Allen wrote many essays and articles In Ginsberg , received 1978 1978 , Ginsberg received a note , Ginsberg received a note from Ginsberg received a note from the chief editor The United States Department of State responded to McCoy's initial allegations stating Most of written was Ginsberg's very early poetry of Ginsberg , dropped a psychiatrist Ginsberg , dropped a psychiatrist out Ginsberg dropped out of the working world , he wrote " Howl he wrote " Howl " Ginsberg claimed throughout his life that his biggest inspiration throughout claimed that his life of he " disliked "Howl "Howl " he disliked the fact " he disliked the fact that he Ginsberg disliked that the fact Ginsberg disliked that the fact had The inspiration for was " "Howl for Ginsberg's friend " was "Howl Ginsberg's friend " was "Howl , was he ( introduced a Dada and Surrealism enthusiast a Dada and Surrealism enthusiast ( he introduced Ginsberg ( he introduced Ginsberg to he introduced Ginsberg to Artaud Solomon wanted to commit suicide The institution refused , giving him Ginsberg used Solomon as an example children a Levantine god to is whom Ginsberg may have gotten the name Ginsberg the image said of Moloch the image said of Moloch was Ginsberg later acknowledged in various publications The personal aspects of are " "Howl was strongly by influenced Modernism strongly by influenced Modernism (most importantly the American style by influenced Modernism (most importantly the American style of He corresponded with William Carlos Williams , who with corresponded , William Carlos Williams by Ginsberg , sent Williams Williams , Ginsberg sent the older poet , Ginsberg sent the older poet several Ginsberg sent the older poet several of Most of rhymed were these early poems Williams disliked the poems and told disliked Williams , loved these early poems these early poems , Williams loved the exuberance , Williams loved the exuberance in Williams loved the exuberance in Ginsberg's letter He included the letter in a later part

He encouraged Ginsberg not to From Ginsberg , learned Williams Ginsberg , learned Williams to Studying Williams' style led to a tremendous shift Carl Solomon introduced Ginsberg to the work Philip Lamantia introduced him to other Surrealists the anaphoric repetition that claimed of "Howl Ginsberg also made an intense study of He noticed in viewing Cézanne's paintings the contrast that discovered of two seeming opposites Ginsberg used this technique in his poetry which was " ( "hydrogen jukebox Another example is Ginsberg's observation on Bob Dylan Allen Ginsberg also found inspiration in He frequently included music in He also recorded a handful of mention Ginsberg — developed his own experiments his own experiments — Ginsberg developed an individualistic style — Ginsberg that developed an individualistic style Ginsberg that developed an individualistic style 's that developed an individualistic style 's easily Many of Ginsberg's early long line experiments contain some sort each line " , is "Howl , each line is in a "stepped triadic" format each line is in a "stepped triadic" format reminiscent He abandoned the "stepped triadic " when he abandoned " when the "stepped triadic Ginsberg's mature style made use of many specific, highly developed techniques He preferred expression through carefully observed physical details in Ginsberg , drew his other poetry his other poetry , Ginsberg drew inspiration , Ginsberg drew inspiration from Ginsberg drew inspiration from the epic, free verse style Both wrote passionately about the promise His work is finally a history of McClatchy's barbed eulogies define the essential difference between Ginsberg in he surpassed far reality reality he far surpassed his contemporaries ... ] Kerouac is an originating genius ] Kerouac is an originating genius , Kerouac is an originating genius , exploring In he , received 1979 1979 , he received the National Arts Club gold medal , he received the National Arts Club gold medal and he received the National Arts Club gold medal and was In Ginsberg , was 2014 2014 , Ginsberg was one , Ginsberg was one of Ginsberg was one of the inaugural honorees , the field of is real numbers

the field of is real numbers not , the field of is rational numbers the field of is rational numbers not the field of theorem that algebra states , then it has some root then it has some root " it has some root " a , then there is some non-constant polynomial then there is some non-constant polynomial "p"("x there is some non-constant polynomial "p"("x " In there , are other words other words , there are elements , there are elements " there are elements " k , then every non-constant polynomial has a root then every non-constant polynomial has a root in every non-constant polynomial has a root in " An endomorphism of has " "Fn every endomorphism of has " "Fn by we , get its leading coefficient its leading coefficient , we get another polynomial , we get another polynomial " we get another polynomial " q"("x " F " contains all "n"th roots F " contains all "n"th roots of by the roots of is unity it , then is an algebraically closed field it is true for every algebraically closed field Every field "F " has some extension "F " which has some extension " which has some extension is which has some extension is algebraically He was the 12th World Chess Champion from 1975 to 1985 Karpov was born on May 23, 1951 His early rise in was chess swift his understanding that acknowledged of chess theory Karpov finished first in his first international tournament In he , won 1967 1967 , he won the annual Niemeyer Tournament , he won the annual Niemeyer Tournament at he won the annual Niemeyer Tournament at Groningen Karpov won a gold medal for academic excellence He later transferred to Leningrad State University One reason for was the transfer to In Karpov , became 1969 1969 , Karpov became the first Soviet player , Karpov became the first Soviet player since Karpov became the first Soviet player since Spassky In he , tied 1970 he , tied 1970 for , he tied for fourth and fifth places

he tied for fourth and fifth places with He won the 1971 Alekhine Memorial tournament in Moscow Karpov's world junior championship qualified him for one Karpov defeated Lev Polugaevsky by the score Karpov was on record saying The Candidates' final was played in Moscow Karpov took an early lead , winning Following Korchnoi , threw ten consecutive draws Korchnoi , threw ten consecutive draws away , Korchnoi threw away a winning position Korchnoi threw away a winning position in Korchnoi 19 , succeeded game Korchnoi succeeded in winning a long endgame the match that insisted be the first to ten wins , FIDE President Max Euwe declared on April 3, 1975 FIDE President Max Euwe declared on April 3, 1975 , This view is by echoed Karpov is by echoed Karpov himself himself Karpov , participated a legitimate champion Karpov , participated a legitimate champion in , Karpov participated in nearly every major tournament Karpov participated in nearly every major tournament for He convincingly won the very strong Milan tournament in He created a phenomenal streak of tournament Karpov held the record for most consecutive tournament victories in Karpov , took 1974 1974 , Karpov took an early lead , Karpov took an early lead , Karpov took an early lead , winning in Korchnoi , staged Karpov's favour Karpov's favour , Korchnoi staged a comeback , Korchnoi staged a comeback , Korchnoi staged a comeback , and Three years later Korchnoi reemerged as the Candidates' winner Korchnoi reemerged as the Candidates' winner against Karpov's tournament career reached a peak at the He dominated Las Palmas 1977 with Karpov represented the Soviet Union at six Chess Olympiads He played as the first reserve at At he , advanced Nice 1974 he , advanced Nice 1974 to he advanced to board one he was again board one At he , scored Lucerne 1982 Lucerne 1982 , he scored 6½/8 , he scored 6½/8 on he scored 6½/8 on board he 1986 , scored Dubai 1986 , he scored 6/9 , he scored 6/9 on he scored 6/9 on board His last was Thessaloniki 1988 ,

Karpov had cemented his position as Karpov built a 4–0 lead after nine games Karpov 31 , had game 31 , Karpov had a winning position , Karpov had a winning position but Karpov had a winning position but failed He lost the next game , after Karpov held a solidly winning position in Game 41 , FIDE President Florencio Campomanes unilaterally terminated the match FIDE President Florencio Campomanes unilaterally terminated the match , The events of the so-called Marathon Match forced FIDE Karpov needed to win the final game Karpov remained a formidable opponent ( and He fought Kasparov in three more world championship matches close : the scores were 11½–12½ : the scores were 11½–12½ ( the scores were 11½–12½ ( +4−5=15 Karpov , winning had all three matches , Karpov had winning chances Karpov had winning chances up particular , the 1987 Seville match featured an astonishing blunder , the 1987 Seville match featured an astonishing blunder by the 1987 Seville match featured an astonishing blunder by Kasparov win Karpov , cracked the title Karpov , cracked the title under , Karpov cracked under time pressure Karpov cracked under time pressure at In Karpov , scored their five world championship matches their five world championship matches , Karpov scored 19 wins , Karpov scored 19 wins , Karpov scored 19 wins , 21 In Karpov , lost 1992 1992 , Karpov lost a Candidates Match , Karpov lost a Candidates Match against Karpov lost a Candidates Match against Nigel Short in Karpov , reacquired the World Chess Championship 1993 the World Chess Championship 1993 , Karpov reacquired the FIDE World Champion title , Karpov reacquired the FIDE World Champion title when Karpov Kasparov reacquired when the FIDE World Champion title Kasparov reacquired when the FIDE World Champion title and Kasparov , said had the tournament by Karpov , played this comment this comment , Karpov played the best tournament , Karpov played the best tournament of Karpov played the best tournament of his life his win over considered is Topalov Karpov defended his FIDE title against the rising star

FIDE , scrapped largely 1998 , FIDE largely scrapped the old system FIDE largely scrapped the old system of the format , changed was the subsequent cycle He had been a member of Karpov usually limits his play to In he , won 2002 2002 , he won a match , he won a match against he won a match against Kasparov Karpov and Kasparov played a mixed 12-game match It consisted of four rapid he , been has 2005 , he has been a member he has been a member of He has recently involved himself Karpov expressed support of the annexation In Maxim Dlugy , said August 2019 Maxim Dlugy , said August 2019 that In Karpov announced March 2010 that he Karpov announced that March 2010 The election took place in September 2010 In May a fund-raising event took place May a fund-raising event took place in a fund-raising event took place in New York other ; the is precise calculations ; the other is clear positional pressure the other that is clear positional pressure other that is clear positional pressure leads that is clear positional pressure leads to 1742 through 1980 was by sold David Feldman's auction company was by sold David Feldman's auction company between December 2011 and 2012 The aspect ratio of a geometric shape is the ratio by as expressed separated two integer numbers For the aspect ratio , denotes a rectangle a rectangle , the aspect ratio denotes the ratio , the aspect ratio denotes the ratio of the aspect ratio denotes the ratio of the width For the aspect ratio , denotes an ellipse an ellipse , the aspect ratio denotes the ratio , the aspect ratio denotes the ratio of the aspect ratio denotes the ratio of the major axis Auto racing has existed since the invention Races of organised were various sorts Many of were the earliest events effectively Internal combustion auto racing events began soon after the construction The first organized contest was on April 28, 1887 , The Targa Florio was an open road endurance automobile race held in

NASCAR was by founded Bill France was by founded Bill France , by founded Bill France , Sr. NASCAR's premier series , called was 2003 , NASCAR's premier series was called the Winston Cup Series NASCAR's premier series was called the Winston Cup Series , by called , sponsored the Winston Cup Series The IMSA GT Series evolved into the American Le Mans Series , which into evolved , the American Le Mans Series , Road Touring ) is a popular touring car racing series Road Touring ) is a popular touring car racing series in The first TC competition took place in 1931 F1 that is a worldwide series runs that a worldwide series is runs only street circuit The speed record was set in 2005 was by in set 2005 by in 2005 set Juan Pablo Montoya Some of the most prominent races are the Monaco Grand Prix In the most popular series , is the United States the United States , the most popular series is the IndyCar Series The other major international single-seater racing series is Formula 2 ( Regional series include Super Formula and Formula V6 Asia In the FIA Formula Two Championship , brought 2009 the FIA Formula Two Championship , brought 2009 about , the FIA Formula Two Championship brought about the revival the FIA Formula Two Championship brought about the revival of In the major club series , are the UK the UK , the major club series are the Monoposto Racing Club , the major club series are the Monoposto Racing Club , the major club series are the Monoposto Racing Club , BRSCC F3 There are other categories of single-seater racing Many of the current top drivers began their careers Formula Ford represents the most popular first open-wheel category for up-and-coming drivers The series is still the preferred option , The world's first all-female Formula racing team was created in 2006 most drivers have graduated from the Formula Palmer Audi series Touring car racing is a style of that a style of is road racing The major touring car championships conducted worldwide are the Supercars Championship

The Sports Car Club of America's are SPEED World Challenge Touring Car and GT championships dominant in America's historic Trans-Am Series is undergoing a period of The premier championship series of sports car racing is the FIA World Endurance Championship The main series for GT car racing is the Blancpain GT Series Other major GT championships include the Blancpain GT World Challenge America , Blancpain GT World Challenge Asia They are closed-wheel and often closed-cockpit purpose-built race cars intended mainly They have much lower weight and more They are raced in the 24 hours Famous sports car races include the 24 Hours of Le Mans , championships often employ production-based cars championships often employ production-based cars from Some of are the better-known single-make series the Time Attack racing is a type of motorsport Each vehicle is timed through numerous circuits In stock car racing , is North America North America , stock car racing is the most popular form , stock car racing is the most popular form of stock car racing is the most popular form of auto racing The largest stock car racing governing body is NASCAR NASCAR's premier series its most famous races is , the NASCAR Cup Series its most famous races is , the NASCAR Cup Series being NASCAR also runs several feeder series , The series conduct races across the entire continental United States NASCAR also governs several smaller regional series , Modified cars have no parts related to UK Stock car racing started in the 1950s and Events take place on shale The governing bodies for the sport are the Oval Racing Council There are around 35 tracks in the UK The sport is split into three basic divisions Rallying at international and most national championship levels involves two classes Cars compete on closed public roads or These detailed descriptions are known as pace notes the co - driver reads the pace notes - driver reads the pace notes aloud driver reads the pace notes aloud ( The top series is the World Rally Championship (WRC ) , Some famous rallies include the Monte Carlo Rally , Rally Argentina

There are also many smaller, club level , In the objective , is drag racing the objective , is drag racing to the objective is to complete a given straight-line distance Vehicles range from the everyday car to Average street cars cover the mile in 12 to 16 seconds Drag racing was organized as a sport a top fuel dragster will accelerate at 3.4 g Drag racing is two cars head - Sportsman racing is handicapped (slower car getting a head start In these races take often North America North America these races often take place these races often take place in offroad " refers to events The modern kart was by invented Art Ingels was by invented Art Ingels , by invented Art Ingels , a fabricator Ingels took a small chainsaw engine and mounted The sport soon blossomed in Southern California can amateurs be for an economical way amateurs be for an economical way to A large proportion of began professional racing drivers in historical racing tends to be the opposite based on it is a particular era on it is a particular era more it is a particular era more hobbyist flags , displayed are closed courses the racing setup or car setup is the set Aerodynamics and airflow play big roles Aerodynamic downforce improves the race car's handling by lowering the forces and decreases against the car Many aerodynamic experiments are conducted in wind tunnels These "Rolling roads " produce many wind situations and Wings and canards channel the airflow Suspension plays a huge part in giving Tyre pressure is dependent on the temperature Brakes on are a race car imperative There are three variables to consider Various combinations of work these variables together the driver must go through a buildup phase These phases include attaining maximum deceleration and Brake performance is measured in bite The race car's engine needs a considerable amount of air The air intake manifold sucks the air from scoops Engines are tuned on a machine that stand out are racers' near-obsessive need researchers , noted have this , researchers have noted a strong correlation

researchers have noted a strong correlation between of racing drivers , require modern racing cars modern racing cars , racing drivers require a high level , racing drivers require a high level of racing drivers require a high level of fitness Racing drivers formula cars experience because extremely large g-forces formula cars experience because extremely large g-forces and Anarcho-capitalism is a political philosophy and economic theory that is and economic theory a political philosophy to various historical theorists , have its proponents its proponents , various historical theorists have espoused philosophies , various historical theorists have espoused philosophies similar various historical theorists have espoused philosophies similar to Rothbard synthesized elements from the Austrian School Rothbard's anarcho-capitalist society would operate under a mutually agreed-upon "legal code would which under operate a mutually agreed-upon "legal code which under operate a mutually agreed-upon "legal code would Anarcho-capitalism is distinguished from both minarchism Minarchists advocate a night-watchman state limited to On anarchism , is the other hand the other hand , anarchism is an anti-capitalist movement , anarchism which is an anti-capitalist movement anarchism which is an anti-capitalist movement holds that capitalism is which holds an anti-capitalist movement Despite anarcho-capitalism , lies its name anarcho-capitalism , lies its name outside , anarcho-capitalism lies outside the tradition anarcho-capitalism lies outside the tradition of Anarcho-capitalists reject the libertarian socialist economic theories of anarchism Author J Michael Oliver says that during the 1960s to anarcho-capitalism , is Oliver Oliver , anarcho-capitalism is a political theory , anarcho-capitalism which is a political theory anarcho-capitalism which is a political theory logically which is a political theory logically follows Anarcho-capitalists opposition to reflected is the state They see capitalism and the "free market Rothbard's defense of stems the self-ownership principle from the self-ownership principle he from stems what he from stems what believed Rothbard dismisses these two cases on the basis the non-aggression axiom is by described Rothbard is by described Rothbard as by described Rothbard as a prohibition , others might give further allowance others might give further allowance for Some anarcho-capitalists such as accept Rothbard It is in terms of

Anarcho-capitalists advocate private ownership of the means an individual allows to claim any never-before-used resources around it — is it it — is it only with it , remains the natural resource the natural resource , it remains his owned land Rothbard " , wrote "Justice and Property Right of Rothbard , claimed slavery Rothbard , claimed slavery that Rothbard claimed that in many cases slaves believed rightfully own any land by Rothbard , advocated the state the state , Rothbard advocated its confiscation , Rothbard advocated its confiscation and Rothbard advocated its confiscation and " Rothbard also supported the expropriation of Much of stolen is that property Anarchists view capitalism as an inherently authoritarian and hierarchical system to most anarcho-capitalists , reject anarchists anarchists , most anarcho-capitalists reject the commons , some of propose them some of propose them that of non-state public or community property propose that them non-state public or community property propose that them can Anarcho-capitalists make the example of a number orbital paths are by considered anarcho-capitalists are by considered anarcho-capitalists as by considered anarcho-capitalists as largely However , they see challenges , they see challenges stemming they see challenges stemming from Some anarcho-capitalists strongly oppose intellectual property ( all they ; are monopolistic privileges monopolistic privileges ; they are free associations ; they are free associations of they are free associations of individuals their liability to announce that their creditors There are limits to the right However , Rothbard justifies the practice , Rothbard justifies the practice of Rothbard justifies the practice of child selling as anarcho-capitalists , view wage slavery wage slavery , anarcho-capitalists view it , anarcho-capitalists view it as anarcho-capitalists view it as a consensual contract Some anarcho-capitalists prefer to see self-employment prevail David D. Friedman has expressed a preference for Different anarcho-capitalists propose different forms of anarcho-capitalism as David D. Friedman , proposes a requirement David D. Friedman , proposes a requirement that There could be competition among He it says is a possibility it says is a possibility that Anarcho-capitalists only accept the collective defense of it believe forcibly prevents the private sector

there that believe is nothing private systems that believe of justice by might be financed such protection might be by financed charitable organizations be by financed charitable organizations relying by financed charitable organizations relying on of Rothbard , stated revolution Rothbard , stated revolution that the American Revolutionary War that stated was the only war Some anarcho-capitalists such as feel Rothbard as violent revolution feel that Rothbard violent revolution feel that Rothbard is unlike anarcho-capitalism , permits anarcho-pacifism anarcho-pacifism , anarcho-capitalism permits the use , anarcho-capitalism permits the use of anarcho-capitalism permits the use of force Benson gives the example of a thief who the example of gives a thief taking Benson , argues anything Benson , argues anything that Morris and Linda Tannehill raise a similar example the robber's loss that believe of reputation as proposed by advocates Murray Rothbard proposed by Murray Rothbard advocates the ownership by Murray Rothbard advocates the ownership of " the purely free society will have a flourishing free market the purely free society will have a flourishing free market in But closer thought will reveal the superior humanism closer thought will reveal the superior humanism of Murray Rothbard has listed different ideologies of his interpretations different ideologies of listed which This includes his interpretation of anarchism anarchism is usually considered an anti-capitalist and radical left-wing or far-left movement is usually that considered an anti-capitalist and radical left-wing or far-left movement usually that considered an anti-capitalist and radical left-wing or far-left movement promotes that an anti-capitalist and radical left-wing or far-left movement considered promotes libertarian socialist economic theories Anarcho-capitalists are distinguished from the dominant anarchist tradition are by from distinguished the dominant anarchist tradition by from the dominant anarchist tradition distinguished their relation latter , the exempts government authority , the latter exempts power the latter exempts power wielded latter exempts power wielded through of it , lies a fully "laissez-faire" economy it , lies a fully "laissez-faire" economy outside , it lies outside the tradition it lies outside the tradition of anarcho-capitalism , shares only anarchism It follows a different paradigm from anarchism anarcho-capitalism that claimed is the only true form

to the capitalist free market , is this argument the capitalist free market , is this argument " , the capitalist free market is " the natural situation the capitalist free market is " the natural situation " that " is " the natural situation the application that argue of anarchist ideals there would necessarily be a redistributive organization which a redistributive organization of be some sort are generally by seen anarchists generally by seen anarchists , who by seen , anarchists Anna Morgenstern approaches this topic from the opposite perspective to it , is the state the state , it is a necessary but not sufficient condition , it is a necessary but not sufficient condition because it anarchists is because a necessary but not sufficient condition anarchists is because a necessary but not sufficient condition and to anarcho-capitalists , are Ruth Kinna anarcho-capitalists , are Ruth Kinna anti , anarcho-capitalists are anti - anarcho-capitalists are anti - statists who anti - are statists Historian and libertarian Ralph Raico these liberal philosophers that argues what these liberal philosophers that argues what " they themselves label because market anarchists But the literature of draws anarcho-capitalism the literature of draws anarcho-capitalism on he , stated that Ludwig von Mises In Rothbard , decided the winter of 1949 Rothbard , decided the winter of 1949 to In Rothbard , wrote 1965 Rothbard , wrote 1965 that they that thought had a faulty understanding Rothbard sought to meld 19th-century American individualist anarchists' advocacy the economic consequences that held of the political system " , Rothbard explained his disagreements Rothbard disagreed with Tucker that it with disagreed that Tucker Tucker held a labor theory of value his theory " , was State Socialism and Anarchism This led Tucker to believe of some , argue value some , argue value that 19th-century individualist anarchists that argue approximate the modern movement of by was superseded classical economics classical economics was by superseded the subjective theory was by superseded the subjective theory of by superseded the subjective theory of value In Rothbard , wrote the mid-1950s the mid-1950s , Rothbard wrote an unpublished article

, Rothbard wrote an unpublished article named Rothbard wrote an unpublished article named "Are Libertarians 'Anarchists' that in establishing believe a tyrannical central authority , we could call ourselves we could call ourselves by Rent and interest are the mainstays of many others , disagree individualist anarchism many others , disagree individualist anarchism or many others disagree or contest the existence with Rothbard , wrote socialism Rothbard , wrote socialism that Laurence Davis cautiosly asks " [I]s anarcho-capitalism Davis cites Iain McKay , " we must also reject the individual anarchist Finally , Davis includes a footnote , Davis includes a footnote stating Davis includes a footnote stating that any individualist anarchism which supports is wage labour which supports wage labour is "inconsistent" anarchism have been by invented a mad economist been by invented a mad economist to by invented a mad economist to test it Friedman , argues anarcho-capitalist Friedman , argues anarcho-capitalist that the legal system that argues of the Icelandic Commonwealth was Friedman , argues a single legal system Friedman , argues a single legal system that enforcement that argues of the law the western frontier up , was the bottom Somalia that claimed in its stateless period anarcho-capitalism that argues turns justice John Jefferson , advocates actually Nozick's arguments , John Jefferson actually advocates Nozick's argument John Jefferson actually advocates Nozick's argument and legal disputes that argues involving several jurisdictions Negative and positive rights that are rights oblige that rights are oblige either action Some critics reject the distinction between positive and negative rights the anarcho-capitalist concept that argue of voluntary choice the employer-employee relationship could be considered involuntary Some philosophies view any ownership claims on land as land argue that geolibertarians land argue that geolibertarians and Anarcho-capitalists have strong abandonment criteria , namely Eleven of survive his forty plays virtually , was by denounced Cleon was by denounced Cleon as by denounced Cleon as a slander " the author-director of has comedies the author-director of comedies has the hardest job Less is known about Aristophanes In his plays , are fact fact , his plays are the main source

, his plays are the main source of his plays are the main source of information It was conventional in Old Comedy He sometimes boasts of his originality He caricatured leading figures in the arts Aristophanes that argued produced plays His plays were written for production These judges probably reflected the mood of of the Chorus , was Aristophanes' career the Chorus , was Aristophanes' career essential the Chorus was essential to a play's success A choregus could regard his personal expenditure on produced , Athens was an ambitious, imperial power , Athens was an ambitious, imperial power and Athens was an ambitious, imperial power and the Peloponnesian War His plays often express pride in it more closely resembles New Comedy Aristophanes repeatedly savages Cleon in about scholars , make Aristophanes Aristophanes , scholars make educated guesses , scholars make educated guesses based scholars make educated guesses based on We know from a combination of Aristophanes's use of directors complicates our reliance Cleon " complains about The Acharnians he as interpreted that evidence Frogs " in won fact he also was and a comic poet It purports to be a record Plato's Aristophanes is in fact a genial character Plato the events was when only a boy the events was when only a boy in , conversation among turns the guests conversation among turns the guests to He he tells that the other guests he tells that the other guests is , was by valued ancient commentators was by valued ancient commentators as by valued ancient commentators as a model Aristophanes' contemporaries the works of formed Homer and Hesiod the works of Homer and Hesiod formed the cornerstones Thus poetry that had a moral and social significance poetry that had a moral and social significance made it had that made a moral and social significance These include not only rival comic dramatists such as Aristophanes was the equal of The rhythm begins at a typical anapestic gallop , the most important feature that argued of the language are that as represented parasols that as represented parasols open Aristophanes that believed condemned rhetoric

was mainly by used Aristophanes mainly by used Aristophanes as by used Aristophanes as a defense In Aristophanes' opinion it was the job Aristophanes' opinion it was the job of it was the job of those educated adults The first comedy at staged was the Lenaia at Aristophanes , observed the City Dionysia Aristophanes , observed the City Dionysia that producing comedies that observed was the most difficult work Competition at the Dionysian festivals needed dramatic conventions the Dionysian festivals plays needed for dramatic conventions plays needed for dramatic conventions to , Old Comedy was in fact Old Comedy was in fact a complex and sophisticated dramatic form ' play offers " "The Bacchae play "The Bacchae " offers the best insight a statue of brought was the god the god " , appears "The Frogs the god appears also as a dramatic character of he ) ages Aristophanes' rivals he ) ages Aristophanes' rivals by ) he ages by more than a year This scene opens the play , and it opens , and the play were comedy ; was legitimate targets legitimate targets ; comedy was a kind ; comedy was a kind of comedy was a kind of licensed buffoonery There were certain limits to the scope by analysed , is Aristophanes' early plays Dramatic structure contributes to the complexity of the plays and local issues makes real personalities The development of New Comedy involved a trend The parabasis is an address to the audience In the chorus , is this role the chorus , is this role sometimes the parabasis occurs somewhere in the middle by and named defined scholars The selection of vary can elements However , there are several variations , there are several variations from there are several variations from the ideal be i.e. the declaimed sections considered ( a hybrid parabasis/song i.e. the declaimed sections considered ( a hybrid parabasis/song are its original performance third awarded after (i.e. last) place of they , failed Cleon they , failed Cleon to they failed to persuade the Athenians Aristophanes has appealed to both conservatives The plays that have a significance goes

that have a significance goes beyond The artistic influence of is the plays immeasurable They have contributed to the history The plays are a source of famous sayings of it , is that it , is that crucial the reception of gained has Aristophanes A Lutheran , Schweitzer challenged both the secular view He received the 1952 Nobel Peace Prize for his philosophy His philosophy was expressed in many ways he ; became later The German Empire ; he later became a citizen he later became a citizen of He was the son of Louis Schweitzer He spent his childhood in Gunsbach The medieval parish church of shared was Gunsbach of by was shared Gunsbach Gunsbach was by shared the Protestant and Catholic congregations was by shared the Protestant and Catholic congregations , which by shared , the Protestant and Catholic congregations This compromise arose after the Protestant Reformation and Schweitzer's first language was the Alsatian dialect of German At the Mulhouse gymnasium he received his "Abitur the Mulhouse gymnasium he received his "Abitur " he received his "Abitur " (the certificate He studied organ in Mulhouse In he , played 1893 he , played 1893 for , he played for the French organist Charles-Marie Widor he played for the French organist Charles-Marie Widor ( From 1893 Schweitzer studied Protestant theology 1893 Schweitzer studied Protestant theology at Schweitzer studied Protestant theology at the Kaiser Wilhelm University There he also received instruction he also received instruction in Schweitzer served his one-year compulsory military service in 1894 Schweitzer saw many operas of Richard Wagner In he , returned 1898 he , returned 1898 to , he returned to Paris he returned to Paris to he often met with the elderly Aristide Cavaillé-Coll He also studied piano at In Schweitzer , spent 1899 1899 , Schweitzer spent the summer semester , Schweitzer spent the summer semester at Schweitzer spent the summer semester at the University of Berlin Schweitzer rapidly gained prominence as With he , interpreted theological insight theological insight , he interpreted the use , he interpreted the use of he interpreted the use of pictorial and symbolical representation

In he , astonished 1899 1899 , he astonished Widor , he astonished Widor by he astonished Widor by explaining They were works of devotional contemplation There was great demand for a German edition The result was two volumes ("J. S. Bach " During its preparation Schweitzer became a friend its preparation Schweitzer became a friend of Schweitzer became a friend of Cosima Wagner Schweitzer's interpretative approach greatly influenced the modern understanding of He became a welcome guest at the Wagners' home which launched " , the 20th-century "Orgelbewegung In he , addressed 1909 1909 , he addressed the "Third Congress of the International Society of Music , he addressed the "Third Congress of the International Society of Music " he addressed the "Third Congress of the International Society of Music " at in he , produced several European countries several European countries , he produced a very considered report This provided the basis for the "International Regulations for Organ Building Schweitzer who among were the six musicians who among were the six musicians founded He was also appointed organist he , presented was 1913 he was presented with a pedal piano it , delivered was the tropics it was by delivered river was by delivered river in by delivered river in a huge dug-out canoe first , he regarded his new life , he regarded his new life as he regarded his new life as a renunciation It became his custom to play Schweitzer's pedal piano was still in use In Schweitzer , became 1899 1899 , Schweitzer became a deacon , Schweitzer became a deacon at Schweitzer became a deacon at the church he , ordained was theology he was ordained as curate In he , published 1906 he , published 1906 " , he published " Geschichte der Leben-Jesu-Forschung Under the book became this title famous the book became this title famous in the book became famous in the English-speaking world Schweitzer cross - referenced the many New Testament cross - referenced the many New Testament verses He wrote that in his view But the end of is all things

the end of is all things at by He , came the lake-side He , came the lake-side to , He came to those men He who to came those men who to came those men knew He speaks to us the same word Schweitzer first distinguishes between two categories be that in found the Greek mystery-cults that in found the Greek mystery-cults were These included the cults of Attis A developed form of attained is mysticism the "conception is attained when mysticism the "conception when attained of the universal Next , Schweitzer poses the question , Schweitzer poses the question : Schweitzer poses the question : " He locates Paul between the two extremes Paul stands high above primitive mysticism , he conceives of sonship he conceives of sonship to in him ) causes Jewish eschatology him ) causes Jewish eschatology to Christ-mysticism God-mysticism holds until the field God-mysticism holds until the field becomes Paul that argues is the only theologian Rather , Paul uses the phrase , Paul uses the phrase " Paul uses the phrase " being is not by controlled it Schweitzer unabashedly emphasizes the fact that Paul's thought emphasizes that " the fact in Schweitzer , answered 1905 1905 , Schweitzer answered the call , Schweitzer answered the call of Schweitzer answered the call of The Society of the Evangelist Missions of The committee of was this missionary society not colleagues , he resigned his post , he resigned his post and he resigned his post and re through Schweitzer , pursued his clinical course his clinical course , Schweitzer pursued the ideal , Schweitzer pursued the ideal of Schweitzer pursued the ideal of the philosopher-scientist hard work , he completed his studies , he completed his studies successfully he completed his studies successfully at His medical degree dissertation was another work on the historical Jesus He defended Jesus' mental health in it with Schweitzer , made a medical degree a medical degree , Schweitzer made a definite proposal , Schweitzer made a definite proposal to Schweitzer made a definite proposal to go He refused to attend a committee

he and his wife had about 2,000 patients , in they built late 1913 in late 1913 they built their first hospital late 1913 they built their first hospital of they built their first hospital of corrugated iron were by under put supervision by under supervision put the French military they , taken were tropical anaemia they were taken to Bordeaux in he , was Alsace Alsace , he was a free man , he was a free man again French citizenship reinstated and became a French citizen in he , advanced Strasbourg Strasbourg , he advanced his project , he advanced his project on he advanced his project on the philosophy , he was giving organ recitals he was giving organ recitals and In he , delivered 1922 1922 , he delivered the Dale Memorial Lectures , he delivered the Dale Memorial Lectures in he delivered the Dale Memorial Lectures in the University of Oxford In Schweitzer , returned 1924 Schweitzer , returned 1924 without , Schweitzer returned without his wife Schweitzer returned without his wife , He now had salvarsan for the growing hospital ; manned was 1925 the growing hospital was by manned native orderlies Later Dr. Trensz replaced Nessmann , Dr. Trensz replaced Nessmann , and Martha Lauterberg replaced , and Nessmann new hospital buildings , constructed were 1925–6 Much of carried was the building work Drug advances for sleeping sickness included Germanin Trensz conducted experiments showing that the non-amoebic strain conducted showing that experiments There was a further period of work The journalist James Cameron visited Lambaréné in The hospital suffered from squalor and he proceeded to build a hospital For he , thought instance he , thought instance that Edgar Berman quotes Schweitzer as having am it , is your brother it , is your brother true Chinua Achebe has criticized him for American journalist John Gunther visited Lambaréné in the 1950s also the lack noted of Africans the lack noted of Africans trained Western philosophy that argued from Descartes A rift opened between this world-view , However , human consciousness holds an awareness , human consciousness holds an awareness of

human consciousness holds an awareness of , - live constantly renews itself live constantly renews itself , it renews , for itself Ethics themselves proceed from the need For mankind , had Schweitzer mankind , had Schweitzer to It could then affirm a new Enlightenment the world-view : derive must civilization the world-view must derive from the life-view in he , elaborates the same book he , elaborates the same book on , he elaborates on the ancient Indian didactic work he elaborates on the ancient Indian didactic work of from he , remarked the work he , remarked the work that In the family , moved 1923 the family , moved 1923 to , the family moved to Königsfeld the family moved to Königsfeld i , he stayed in Lambaréné he stayed in Lambaréné , in he , returned 1948 he , returned 1948 for , he returned for the first time he returned for the first time to of Schweitzer , continued Gunsbach Schweitzer , continued Gunsbach to Schweitzer continued to make use His life was portrayed in the 1952 movie Schweitzer O'Brian inspired when actor Hugh O'Brian O'Brian inspired when actor Hugh O'Brian visited Schweitzer was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize of 1952 , 1952 until he worked his death until he worked his death against his death he worked against nuclear tests he worked against nuclear tests and 1958 , he broadcast four speeches , he broadcast four speeches over he broadcast four speeches over Radio Oslo which four speeches over broadcast Radio Oslo In Schweitzer , was 1957 1957 , Schweitzer was one , Schweitzer was one of Schweitzer was one of the founders it ; broadcast was his "Declaration of Conscience" speech it was broadcast to the world an American film crew , allowed was his death by produced , was Henry Fonda by , was produced Henry Fonda , was by produced Warner Brothers was by produced Warner Brothers and by produced Warner Brothers and aired It resides in their vault today he , made was 1955 , he was made an honorary member

he was made an honorary member of Schweitzer died on 4 September 1965 at His cousin Anne-Marie Schweitzer Sartre was the mother of Schweitzer was not a vegetarian in in biographer Magnus C. Ratter , commented 1950 biographer Magnus C. Ratter , commented 1950 that Schweitzer that written became a vegetarian historian David N. Stamos , written has this The Albert Schweitzer Fellowship was founded in 1940 was by in founded 1940 by in 1940 founded Schweitzer Schweitzer considered his ethic of Reverence for Life Everyone can have their own Lambaréné " Today ASF helps large numbers of young Americans ASF selects and supports nearly 250 new US and Africa Schweitzer Fellows he and 1935 resided 1934 1935 he resided in Britain he resided in Britain , He had originally conducted trials These records did not satisfy him not the instrument satisfy , him the instrument satisfy , him being In he began mid-December 1935 to he began mid-December 1935 to record at the sessions transferred were his suggestion the sessions transferred were his suggestion to the sessions were transferred to the church Schweitzer developed a technique for recording it " , is the "Schweitzer Technique " , it is a slight improvement , it is a slight improvement on it what is on a slight improvement what is on a slight improvement is side a figure-8 microphone sees pointed off-axis a figure-8 microphone sees pointed off-axis , a single cardioid microphone is placed on axis The signal from the is figure-8 figure-8 is by replaced two small diaphragm condenser microphones is by replaced two small diaphragm condenser microphones pointed by replaced two small diaphragm condenser microphones pointed directly each capsule collects The information that is unique on - microphone is axis - microphone is axis often axis microphone is often a large diaphragm condenser recordings were made at Parish church The Austrian School originated in late-19th and early-20th-century Vienna with mainstream economists , been have the mid-20th century The Austrian School owes its name to members In Menger , published 1883 Menger , published 1883 " , Menger published " Investigations

Menger published " Investigations into The school originated in Vienna in The book was one of the first modern treatises The Austrian School was one of three founding currents implies it ; supposes a contradiction it ; supposes a contradiction that , there was also a more specific school there that also was a more specific school that also was a more specific school began by were closely followed economic theory were closely by followed those closely by followed those of by followed those of Eugen Böhm von Bawerk He obtained his PhD in 1894 Several important Austrian economists trained at the University of Vienna in most economists , embraced had the mid-1930s , most economists had embraced what most economists had they embraced what had they embraced what considered they what embraced considered the important contributions Fritz Machlup quoted Hayek's statement that " the greatest success quoted that " Hayek's statement during Austrian economics , became the middle of the 20th century Austrian economics , became the middle of the 20th century disregarded exemplified by accepts , Friedrich Hayek by Friedrich Hayek , accepts a large part Henry Hazlitt wrote economics columns and editorials Hazlitt's thinking was by influenced Mises The reputation of rose the Austrian School in Economist Leland Yeager discussed the late 20th-century rift and referred by Hoppe , asserted the Ludwig von Mises Institute Hoppe , asserted the Ludwig von Mises Institute that Rothbard that asserted was the leader Hayek that acknowledged was the most prominent Austrian economist of the Austrian School; Menger of made the supposed rationalist tradition the supposed rationalist tradition of the Austrian School; Menger made strong critiques of the Austrian School; Menger made strong critiques to the Austrian School; Menger made strong critiques to rationalism He there emphasized that the idea there emphasized that the idea are Economists of affiliated are the Hayekian view They include Peter Boettke , Roger Garrison of Rothbard view – include the Mises the Mises – Rothbard view include Walter Block – Rothbard view include Walter Block , Rothbard view include Walter Block , Hans-Hermann Hoppe the founders that said of the Austrian School

In Nobel Laureate James M. Buchanan , told 1987 1987 , Nobel Laureate James M. Buchanan told an interviewer , Nobel Laureate James M. Buchanan told an interviewer : Nobel Laureate James M. Buchanan told an interviewer : " I told : " an interviewer , universities with are a significant Austrian presence universities with a significant Austrian presence are George Mason University the subjective choices that theorizes of individuals Austrians seek to understand the economy Ludwig von Mises organized his version of the subjectivist approach In Mises , stated it Mises , stated it that some Austrian thinkers , accepted have Mises' time , some Austrian thinkers have accepted his praxeological approach some Austrian thinkers have accepted his praxeological approach while have others accepted while his praxeological approach others accepted while his praxeological approach have In various Austrians , incorporated the 20th century the 20th century , various Austrians incorporated models , various Austrians incorporated models and various Austrians incorporated models and mathematics Austrian economist Steven Horwitz argued in 2000 that Austrian methodology in argued that 2000 first explicitly by formulated the Austrian economist explicitly by formulated the Austrian economist Friedrich von Wieser by formulated the Austrian economist Friedrich von Wieser in Opportunity cost is the cost of any activity Opportunity cost is a key concept in mainstream economics was first by developed Eugen Böhm von Bawerk Böhm-Bawerk's theory equates capital intensity with the degree the law that argued of marginal utility The economic calculation problem refers to a criticism of Mises subsequently discussed Weber's idea with Austrian theory emphasizes the organizing power of markets market prices that stated reflect information on Hayek , argued their personal information Hayek , argued their personal information that socialist economic planners that argued lack all who agree with view this criticism Mises argued in a 1920 essay "Economic Calculation in first by forth set Mises by forth set Mises , Mises how government manipulation surmised of money how government manipulation surmised of money and Austrian economist Fritz Machlup summarized the Austrian view by stating A Keynesian would suggest government intervention during , the heart of states Austrian macroeconomic theory

the heart of Austrian macroeconomic theory states the government "fine tuning Austrian economist Thomas Woods further supports this view by it supports by arguing this view to central banks , enable Ludwig von Mises Ludwig von Mises , central banks enable the commercial banks , central banks enable the commercial banks to central banks enable the commercial banks to fund Mainstream economists generally reject modern-day Austrian economics , Austrian opposition to extends mathematization to Economist Benjamin Klein has criticized the economic methodological work of in Klein , argued traditional methodology Klein , argued traditional methodology that Kirzner's theory that written of entrepreneurship Economist Jeffrey Sachs argues that among developed countries Austrian economics that argue lacks scientific rigor Austrians that stated advocate a rejection Economist Paul A. Samuelson wrote in 1964 that most economists in wrote that 1964 in there wrote that the United States there wrote that the United States " An abscess is a collection of pus that a collection of is pus The area of extends often redness are usually by caused a bacterial infection many different types of involved are bacteria the most common bacteria , is present the world cause this ; is abscesses this ; is abscesses more it based on made what Standard treatment for cutting is most skin or soft tissue abscesses There appears to be some benefit A small amount of supports evidence not that not packing supports the cavity Risk factors include intravenous drug use , with in 3.2 million people , went the United States 3.2 million people , went the United States to , 3.2 million people went to the emergency department 3.2 million people went to the emergency department for Abscesses may occur in any kind There may also be high temperature so prompt medical attention , indicated is themselves Risk factors for abscess formation include intravenous drug use many different types of involved are bacteria of the most common bacteria is present the world the world the most common bacteria present is "methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus the most common bacteria present is "methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus " Rarely parasites can cause abscesses

parasites can cause abscesses and can this cause and abscesses this cause and abscesses is the abscess will start as an internal wound by as start caused an internal wound This often presents itself as An "incisional abscess " that is one " that is one develops that is one develops as It presents as redness and The organisms or foreign materials kill the local cells The final structure of the abscess is an abscess wall An abscess is a localized collection of pus (purulent inflammatory tissue an X-ray , recommended is intravenous drug use an X-ray is recommended before treatment The standard treatment for an uncomplicated skin or soft tissue abscess is the act Staphylococcus aureus" bacteria , " is antibiotic treatment , " Staphylococcus aureus" bacteria is a common cause " Staphylococcus aureus" bacteria is a common cause and Staphylococcus aureus" bacteria is a common cause and an anti-staphylococcus antibiotic the draining that advises of an abscess typical cases that advises of abscess as that , are a cause that , are a cause still This would be in the case Culturing needed is not the wound several North American hospitals have opted for less-invasive loop drainage skin abscesses , result rarely treatment skin abscesses rarely result in death Other types of are abscess more Risk factors include intravenous drug use , with Aalborg Municipality is a municipality (Danish, "kommune " The municipality straddles the Limfjord , the waterway which straddles , the waterway the Limfjord As of Aalborg municipality joined 1 January 2007 of Aalborg municipality joined 1 January 2007 with 1 January 2007 Aalborg municipality joined with the municipalities Aalborg municipality joined with the municipalities of Its last mayor was Henning G. Jensen , a member The former municipality was by bordered Sejlflod was by bordered Sejlflod and by bordered Sejlflod and Hals The area is typical for the north To the Limfjord broadens the west into the west the Limfjord broadens into an irregular lake the Limfjord broadens into an irregular lake ( Northwest is Store Vildmose ( " Southeast lies the similar Lille Vildmose ( "

Aalborg City has a total population at 123,432 Aalborg is twinned with 34 cities in Aarhus , anchors Jutland Jutland , Aarhus anchors the Central Denmark Region , Aarhus anchors the Central Denmark Region and Aarhus anchors the Central Denmark Region and the statistical region The LØ is the second most populous statistical region in Denmark Aarhus Municipality defines the greater Aarhus area as itself Aarhus dates back to at least the late 8th century It was founded as a harbour settlement Aarhus grew to become the second biggest town The industrial revolution became an inflection point in the 19th century of it ) is Smiles Smiles ) it is the Danish city ) it is the Danish city with it is the Danish city with the youngest and fastest growing demographics The name originates from the city's location at It is a compound of the two words Some Danish cities Aarhus city council resisted but the change Aarhus city council resisted but the change opted " was by used some major institutions was by used some major institutions between 1948 and 2011 by used some major institutions between 1948 and 2011 as in Aarhus , is the early Viking Age the early Viking Age , Aarhus is one , Aarhus is one of Aarhus is one of the oldest cities The original Aros settlement was situated on the northern shores It quickly became a hub for A shipbuilding yard from uncovered was the Viking Age by upriver in uncovered 2002 Archaeological evidence Aarhus indicate was a town Aarhus indicate was a town as Discoveries after includes , a 2003 archaeological dig The early town was fortified with defensive earthen ramparts by and expanded improved his son with this , suggests the town's geographical placement this , suggests the town's geographical placement that Aros that suggests became an important military centre The centre of was Aarhus originally Aarhus's first Christian church originally was until a pagan burial site The bishopric of dates Aarhus back Despite Aarhus , continued the conflicts Aarhus , continued the conflicts to Aarhus Cathedral was initiated in the late 12th century

was by in initiated the late 12th century by in the late 12th century initiated the influential bishop The 13th century also marks a thorough reorganisation , The Church clearly had the upper hand in In Christopher III , issued 1441 1441 , Christopher III issued the oldest known charter , Christopher III issued the oldest known charter granting Christopher III issued the oldest known charter granting market town status The commercial and religious status spurred town growth so in Parts of are the ramparts still Aarhus grew to become one octroi , imposed was 1657 octroi was imposed in larger Danish cities was which in imposed larger Danish cities which in imposed larger Danish cities changed In Aarhus , entered the 17th century the 17th century , Aarhus entered a period , Aarhus entered a period of Aarhus entered a period of recession the middle of the 18th century not until was growth Following Denmark , lost the Napoleonic wars the Napoleonic wars , Denmark lost Norway , Denmark lost Norway and Denmark lost Norway and was the electoral laws , reformed were 1838 Larger ships and growing freight volumes made a river harbour the harbour , moved was 1840 the harbour was moved to the coast Aarhus , occupied was the First Schleswig War Aarhus was by occupied German troops was by occupied German troops from by occupied German troops from 21 June to The city was spared any fighting , The war and occupation left a notable impact the octroi , abolished was 1851 In industrialisation , came the second half of the 19th century industrialisation , came the second half of the 19th century into , industrialisation came into full effect industrialisation came into full effect and a number into came and full effect Many companies from come would this time The Ceres Brewery was established in 1856 local farmers and businessmen created Korn- KFK established departments all over Otto Mønsted created the Danish Preserved Butter Company in 1874 His company became an important local employer , with factory employees became , with an important local employer

Aarhus became the largest provincial city in the country The population increased from 15,000 in On Germany , invaded 9 April 1940 9 April 1940 , Germany invaded Denmark , Germany invaded Denmark , Germany invaded Denmark , occupying The occupation was a destructive period with major disasters The Port of Aarhus became a hub , these factors resulted in a strong German presence these factors resulted in a strong German presence , Small resistance groups first appeared in 1941–42 Grethe "Thora" Bartram in dismantled when June 1944 In the Copenhagen-based resistance group Holger Danske establish helped the summer of 1944 the summer of 1944 the Copenhagen-based resistance group Holger Danske helped establish the 5 Kolonne group the Copenhagen-based resistance group Holger Danske helped establish the 5 Kolonne group and On 5 May 1945 German forces in surrendered Denmark 5 May 1945 German forces in surrendered Denmark but fighting but during surrendered the transitional period In the 1980s the city entered a period the 1980s the city entered a period of the city entered a period of rapid growth The student population tripled between 1965 and 1977 turning the city Aarhus , seen has the millennium , Aarhus has seen an unprecedented building boom Aarhus has seen an unprecedented building boom with Both the skyline and land use of changing is the inner city It is among the largest harbourfront projects in the first increment was finished in December 2017 Accelerating growth since brought , the early 2000s Aarhus is located at the Bay of Aarhus At the Bay of Aarhus , provides Aarhus's location Aarhus's location , the Bay of Aarhus provides a natural harbour , the Bay of Aarhus provides a natural harbour with the Bay of Aarhus provides a natural harbour with a depth Aarhus was founded at the mouth by was once covered Aarhus was once by covered forests once by covered forests , by covered forests , remains Several lakes extend west from the inner city The highest natural point in Aarhus Municipality is Jelshøj The hilly area around consists Aarhus of The most prominent valleys of this network are the Aarhus Valley

The valley system also includes the stream of the Aarhus River Valley and the Giber River Valley are late glacial meltwater valleys Aarhus has a temperate oceanic climate ( Köppen Temperature varies a great deal across the seasons In Jutland , rises addition Jutland , rises addition sufficiently Jutland rises sufficiently in the centre Average temperature over is the year with over February is with the year February is with the year being February with is being the coldest month The geography in the area affects the local climate Brabrand Lake to contributes further the west The sandy ground on dries the valley floor up , the number of varies daylight hours the number of varies daylight hours considerably On the sun , rises the summer solstice the sun , rises the summer solstice at , the sun rises at 04:26 the sun rises at 04:26 and On it , rises the winter solstice it , rises the winter solstice at , it rises at 08:37 it rises at 08:37 and Aarhus is the seat of Aarhus Municipality The city council consists of 31 members elected of it , elects the council the council , it elects a mayor , it elects a mayor , it elects a mayor , two deputy mayors The first publicly elected mayor of appointed was Aarhus In the current Aarhus municipality created was the 1970 Danish Municipal Reform the current Aarhus municipality created was the 1970 Danish Municipal Reform by Aarhus Municipality has 45 electoral wards and polling stations The diocese of Aarhus has four deaneries Aarhus municipality contains 21 postal districts and some parts The municipal power plants were adapted for this purpose a new 77 MW combined heat and power biomass plant at completed was Lisbjerg Power Station Studstrup Power Station was completed while Lisbjerg Power Station Studstrup Power Station while completed finished a refit the development of there are the Docklands district of the Docklands district there are plans the Docklands district there are plans for there are plans for a utility scale seawater heat pump which plans for are a utility scale seawater heat pump

a coherent and holistic administration for aims of the water cycle The main issues are excessive nutrients , adapting These goals have manifested in a number underground rainwater basins , built were the 2000s underground rainwater basins were built across the city the two lakes across built while the city The number of planned is sewage treatment plants The afforestation plans were realised as a local project Aarhus has a population of 261,570 Aarhus municipality has a population of 330,639 Less than a fifth of resides the municipal population beyond The population of is Aarhus both More than 40% of the population have an academic degree the population only some 14% have while an academic degree only some 14% have while an academic degree have The largest age group the average age is and 20- to 29-year-olds the average age is and 20- to 29-year-olds is The city is home to 75 different religious groups Since there been has the 1990s the 1990s there has been a marked growth there has been a marked growth in The majority of the population are members During the 1990s there was significant immigration the 1990s there was significant immigration from there was significant immigration from Turkey The majority of immigrants have roots Many immigrants have established themselves in This has resulted in a few so-called ghettos Gellerup is the most notable neighbourhood in that respect The economy of is Aarhus predominantly The service sector dominates the economy and is Trade and transportation remain important sectors Manufacturing has been in slow but steady decline The municipality is home to 175,000 jobs The region is a major agricultural producer , with People commute to Aarhus from The job market is knowledge- and service The municipality has more high- and middle-income jobs , and The wind power industry has strong roots in Aarhus The wind industry employs about a thousand people within the municipality Several major companies are headquartered in Aarhus These include Arla Foods , one The Port of Aarhus is one It is a municipal self-governing port with independent finances The facilities handle some 9.5 million tonnes of cargo

Grain is the principal export , while feedstuffs is , while the principal export The ferry terminal presents the only alternative to the Great Belt Link It has served different ferry companies since has the first steamship route served since different ferry companies the first steamship route served since different ferry companies to Currently , Mols-Linien operates the route , Mols-Linien operates the route and Mols-Linien operates the route and annually Additional roll-off cargo ferries serve Finland and Kalundborg In there , was the 2010s the 2010s , there was a significant expansion , there was a significant expansion of there was a significant expansion of tourist facilities Some estimates put the number of visitors Overall , they spend roughly DKK , they spend roughly DKK 3 they spend roughly DKK 3   There are more than 30 tourist information spots across the city Some of staffed are them It , based is IT and biomedical research It is based on Denmark's first research park is by partly owned Aarhus University by partly owned Aarhus University and Another major centre for knowledge is Agro Food Park In Arla Foods open will January 2017 January 2017 Arla Foods will open the global innovation centre Arla Foods will open the global innovation centre "Arla Nativa In some 1000 people , worked 2016 some 1000 people , worked 2016 at , some 1000 people worked at Agro Food Park some 1000 people worked at Agro Food Park , In Aarhus , is addition addition , Aarhus is home , Aarhus is home to Aarhus is home to the Aarhus School of Architecture Taken together these organisations form a unique concentration together these organisations form a unique concentration of these organisations form a unique concentration of expertise the School of Architecture will be given new school buildings In the city council , supports the interim the interim , the city council supports a culture , the city council supports a culture , the city council supports a culture , business and education centre Aarhus has developed in stages Many architectural styles are represented in different parts

The inner city has the oldest preserved buildings , especially the Latin Quarter the largest part of built was the present-day city The building boom of imprinted has the 2000s Aarhus , experienced has recent years , Aarhus has experienced a large demand Aarhus has experienced a large demand in The main public transportation service is bus line 23 , it , rebuilt was the 13th century Another important and historic landmark in is , the inner city by , was donated Neoclassical and Art Nouveau styles , was by donated the city was by donated the city to by donated the city to Prince Christian Aarhus is home to many annual cultural events There is a long tradition here in Aarhus , marketed has 1938 , Aarhus has marketed itself Aarhus has marketed itself as In the city council , opted 2011 the city council , opted 2011 to the city council opted to change the slogan , " Mellem bugt og bøgeskov " Mellem bugt og bøgeskov " Mellem bugt og bøgeskov " ( Aarhus is featured in popular songs Den Gamle , " By guests The Moesgård Museum specialises in archaeology and the Steno Museum ; and is their natural surroundings ; and the Steno Museum is a museum and the Steno Museum is a museum of the Steno Museum is a museum of the history Public libraries in are Denmark also They play an active role in cultural life Dokk1 also includes civil administrations and it as known and Urban Mediaspace Aarhus There are several cultural and community centres throughout the city The city enjoys strong musical traditions , both Musikhuset is the largest concert hall in Scandinavia The acting scene in is Aarhus diverse Aarhus Teater is the oldest and largest venue with mostly professional classical acting performances The cultural center of Godsbanen includes several scenes Aarhus is known for its musical history Fuelled by sprang a relatively young population jazz clubs up by sprang a relatively young population jazz clubs up in which up in sprang the 1950s 1980s , Aarhus became a centre , Aarhus became a centre for

Aarhus became a centre for rock music Aarhus hosts many annual or recurring festivals , concerts are the eight-day Aarhus Jazz Festival ; features numerous music festivals numerous music festivals ; the eight-day Aarhus Jazz Festival features jazz ; the eight-day Aarhus Jazz Festival features jazz in the eight-day Aarhus Jazz Festival features jazz in many venues It was founded in 1988 There are several annually recurring music festivals for contemporary popular music NorthSide Festival presents well-known bands every year in It is a relatively new event , founded The outdoor Grøn Koncert music festival takes place every year in Aarhus also hosts recurring events International Living Theatre (ILT ) is a bi-annual festival , The festival has a vision of showing LiteratureXchange is a new annual festival from 2018 Notable events of a local scope include the university boat-race The boat race pits costumed teams from the university departments There are two public sea baths , the northern "Den Permanente This includes the 19 kilometre long pathway of "Brabrandstien Aarhus has an unusually high number of parks they are , as a popular destination for there , are the local citizens there , are the local citizens now , there are now a significant collection there are now a significant collection of Other notable parks include the small central City Hall Park ( " There are marked routes here for This includes running events , cycle racing Aarhus has a large variety of restaurants Among "Rådhuscafeen are the oldest restaurants " "Rådhuscafeen are the oldest restaurants " ( Vendors of are street food numerous The city centre is packed with cafés Some of include also them The nightlife scene offers everything from small joints Ordering " suffices " a set Aarhus Bryghus is a local craft brewery with a sizeable production The brewery is located in the southern district Some examples of are common, traditional and unique Aarhusian words : , Odder is pronounced "Ojjer Odder is pronounced "Ojjer " in it , has East Jutland East Jutland , it has two grammatical genders , it has two grammatical genders ,

it has two grammatical genders , similar In the University of Aarhus , compiled 2009 2009 , the University of Aarhus compiled a list , the University of Aarhus compiled a list of the University of Aarhus compiled a list of contemporary public figures who a list of compiled contemporary public figures Aarhus has three major men's professional sports teams : the Superliga team Notable or historic clubs include Aarhus 1900 , Idrætsklubben Skovbakken Aarhus Idrætspark has hosted matches in The five sailing clubs routinely win national and international titles in The municipality actively supports sports organisations in The National Olympic Committee and Sports Confederation of Denmark counts some 380 sports organisations within the municipality many free and public sports facilities , sprung have recent decades Several natural sites also offer green exercise , Aarhus has hosted many sporting events including , Aarhus is hosting one or two international sailing competitions Aarhus is hosting one or two international sailing competitions every year In the city , hosted 2008 2008 , the city hosted the ISAF Youth Sailing World Championships , the city hosted the ISAF Youth Sailing World Championships and the city hosted the ISAF Youth Sailing World Championships and in Aarhus is the principal centre for education It draws students from a large area Aarhus has the greatest concentration of students several research forums , evolved have higher education It is ranked among the top 100 universities Aarhus Tech is one of the largest technical colleges Business Academy Aarhus is among the largest business academies in The academic level technical aspects are covered in a collaboration DMJX has been an independent institution since In it , merged 2010 it , merged 2010 administratively it merged administratively with the Royal Academy of Music of it , offers His Royal Highness Crown Prince Frederik His Royal Highness Crown Prince Frederik , it offers graduate level studies , it offers graduate level studies in it offers graduate level studies in areas VIA University College was established in January 2008 It offers over 50 higher educations , taught with it , is the Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts of Copenhagen

it , is the Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts of Copenhagen responsible it is responsible for the education of it , teaches approximately 900 students it , teaches approximately 900 students in , it teaches in five main departments it teaches in five main departments : Aarhus has two ring roads ; Ring The main railway station in Aarhus is Aarhus Central Station Aarhus Letbane that is a local electric light rail or tram system opened that is a local electric light rail or tram system opened in It is the first electric light rail system in Denmark Most city bus lines go through the inner city and Regional and Inter-city buses terminate at Aarhus Bus Terminal , administered by Mols-Linien transports Danish ferry company by Danish ferry company Mols-Linien transports passengers Danish ferry company Mols-Linien transports passengers and Mols-Linien transports passengers and motorvehicles Aarhus Airport is located on Djursland There has been much discussion about the city council , initiated officially August 2014 , the city council officially initiated a process the city council officially initiated a process to Aarhus has a free bike sharing system , Aarhus Bycykler Aarhus is home to Aarhus University Hospital The university hospital is the result of a series It is today the largest hospital in , construction of began a new large hospital building construction of began a new large hospital building , Private hospitals specialised in different areas from Ciconia has provided for the birth which is and gynaecology clinic another private fertility 's it , was largest largest , it was a leading provincial newspaper , it was a leading provincial newspaper for it was a leading provincial newspaper for a time In it , merged 1998 it , merged 1998 with , it merged with "Randers Amtsavis it merged with "Randers Amtsavis " the paper has always included news Today it is one of it is one of the Jyllands-Posten publishes "JP Aarhus " , In they , publish Aarhus Aarhus , they publish a total , they publish a total of they publish a total of five local newspapers

is by completely financed advertisements by completely financed advertisements and Danmarks Radio has a large department in Aarhus It runs the DR Østjylland radio programme , provides TV , moved 2 1999 , TV 2 moved its Jutland headquarters TV 2 moved its Jutland headquarters from The station broadcasts regional news and current affairs television and radio programmes it , run has 2012 , it has run its own TV channel it has run its own TV channel , Aarhus has its own local TV channel TVAarhus , The school works closely with Aarhus University Aarhus practices twinning on the municipal level scientists " , found "Amblyopsis spelaea The southern population retained the name "A. spelaea " and the northern retained " and the name "A. spelaea is generally who considered a person generally who considered a person pursues who a person considered pursues an avocation That ideology spanned many different fields of interest It may have its roots in The "gentleman amateur " was a phenomenon among some amateur work may be considered sub an amateur , be may the other hand an amateur may be in a position They pushed for the ability to in the IIHF , decided 1969 the IIHF , decided 1969 to The decision was reversed in January 1970 IOC President Avery Brundage in reversed after January 1970 In Canada , withdrew response Canada , withdrew response from , Canada withdrew from all international ice hockey competitions Canada withdrew from all international ice hockey competitions and Günther Sabetzki became president of the IIHF In the IIHF , agreed 1976 the IIHF , agreed 1976 to the IIHF agreed to allow "open competition The IOC had that adopted a rule had that adopted a rule made that a rule adopted made any player The IOC that held an emergency meeting ruled that an emergency meeting held ruled NHL-contracted players This made five players on Olympic rosters Murray Costello of suggested the CAHA that of a Canadian withdrawal suggested that the CAHA a Canadian withdrawal suggested that the CAHA was Many amateurs valuable contributions make in the field

valuable contributions make in the field of Amateur dramatics is the performance of plays the natural sciences that among are the fields that among are the fields have Gregor Mendel who was an amateur scientist never who was an amateur scientist never held Radio astronomy was by founded Grote Reber was by founded Grote Reber , by founded Grote Reber , an amateur radio operator was greatly by advanced Guglielmo Marconi greatly by advanced Guglielmo Marconi , by advanced Guglielmo Marconi , a young Italian gentleman He invented the first perfusion pump with Charles A. Lindbergh he witnessed during earned a pilgrimage This prompted him to relocate Carrel was raised in a devout Catholic family He was a pioneer in transplantology he , claimed was 1902 Carrel could not obtain a hospital appointment In he , emigrated 1903 he , emigrated 1903 to , he emigrated to Montreal he emigrated to Montreal , In he , joined 1906 1906 , he joined the newly formed Rockefeller Institute of Medical Research , he joined the newly formed Rockefeller Institute of Medical Research in he joined the newly formed Rockefeller Institute of Medical Research in New York There he did significant work on he did significant work on tissue cultures Carrel and Charles Lindbergh became close friends Lindbergh initially sought out Carrel of he , offered Carrel's machinery he , offered Carrel's machinery to he offered to build new equipment Eventually they built the first perfusion pump , they built the first perfusion pump , an invention In he returned his later life to his later life he returned to his Catholic roots In he , met 1939 he , met 1939 with , he met with Trappist monk Alexis Presse he met with Trappist monk Alexis Presse on with Presse , ended a priest Presse , ended a priest up Presse ended up having a profound influence In he , said 1942 he , said 1942 " Carrel and his wife spent their summers Carrel was a young surgeon in 1894 Carnot bled to death due This left a deep impression on Carrel

, was by inspired sewing lessons was he by inspired sewing lessons he by inspired sewing lessons took The war demonstration hospital of planned was the Rockefeller Institute Carrel co - authored a book co - authored a book with Some critics of claimed Lindbergh that of Carrel claimed that Lindbergh Carrel claimed that Lindbergh overstated Carrel that claimed overstated Lindbergh's role Carrel started an experiment on 17 January 1912 He maintained the living culture for over 20 years This was longer than a chicken's normal lifespan the daily feeding that suggests of nutrient In the Swedish Post Office , honored 1972 1972 , the Swedish Post Office honored Carrel , the Swedish Post Office honored Carrel with the Swedish Post Office honored Carrel with a stamp that Carrel with honored a stamp Charles Lindbergh's birth , the Medical University of South Carolina at established Charleston , the Medical University of South Carolina at Charleston established the Lindbergh-Carrel Prize the Medical University of South Carolina at Charleston established the Lindbergh-Carrel Prize , Michael DeBakey and nine other scientists received the prize In Alexis Carrel , went 1902 Alexis Carrel , went 1902 from Alexis Carrel went from being a skeptic he Marie Bailly that could not she that reported named him Alexis Carrel refused to discount a supernatural explanation in he , emigrated France he , emigrated France to , he emigrated to Canada he emigrated to Canada with In Carrel , published 1935 1935 , Carrel published a book , Carrel published a book titled Carrel published a book titled "L'Homme, cet inconnu M]en can not follow modern civilization have been by fascinated the beauty been by fascinated the beauty of by fascinated the beauty of the sciences , man stands above all things We must single out the children must who out single the children who out single the children are It comes chiefly from education they , manifest could their family , they could manifest their hereditary strength the aristocratic families of there are Europe of there are Europe also Europe there are also individuals there are also individuals of

The issue of is the Crusaders by The laws of genetics indicate the probability genetics the legendary audacity indicate that the probability the legendary audacity indicate that the probability and we can not prevent the reproduction Or we destroy as sickly or defective children we destroy as sickly or defective children do the herd always profits by the ideas ( t)he German government has taken energetic measures t)he German government has taken energetic measures against In Carrel , joined 1937 1937 , Carrel joined Jean Coutrot's "Centre d'Etudes des Problèmes Humains" - Coutrot's , Carrel aim joined Jean Coutrot's "Centre d'Etudes des Problèmes Humains" - Coutrot's Carrel aim joined Jean Coutrot's "Centre d'Etudes des Problèmes Humains" - Coutrot's was aim joined Jean Coutrot's "Centre d'Etudes des Problèmes Humains" - Coutrot's was to The foundation was at the origin of It worked on demographics ( The foundation was chartered as a public institution It was given financial autonomy and The Foundation made many positive accomplishments during its time It which promoted the 16 December 1942 Act established which the 16 December 1942 Act promoted established the prenuptial certificate , " The foundation was a pluridisciplinary centre " The foundation that was a pluridisciplinary centre The foundation that was a pluridisciplinary centre employed that a pluridisciplinary centre was employed around 300 researchers by he ; died the Minister of Health he ; died the Minister of Health in ; he died in November 1944 he died in November 1944 , most members of move did his team which to move , the INED ; Saturday of is Souls Saturday of Souls is a related tradition Adherents of remember often All Souls' Day traditions The annual celebration is the last day of Allhallowtide during many Catholic congregations , celebrated the 10th century the 10th century , many Catholic congregations celebrated All Souls Day , many Catholic congregations celebrated All Souls Day on many Catholic congregations celebrated All Souls Day on various dates " all souls " commemorates the church penitent all souls " commemorates the church penitent of the purification that teaches of the souls

These days are devoted to prayer The Divine Services on these days have special hymns There is oftena Panikhida (Memorial Service ) either After the priest , blesses the Service the Service , the priest blesses the Koliva Radonitsa does not have special hymns East Syriac churches including the Syro Malabar Church and Chaldean Catholic Church commemorates the feast The season of Epiphany remembers the revelation They also request the intercession of In the West there is ample evidence the West there is ample evidence of there is ample evidence of the custom In it , was the sixth century it , was the sixth century customary it was customary in Benedictine monasteries , there also existed a ceremony there also existed a ceremony praying But it was the day after it was the day after All Saints' Day The Diocese of Liège was the first diocese to adopt In the 15th century the Dominicans instituted a custom the 15th century the Dominicans instituted a custom of the Dominicans instituted a custom of each priest on the Mass , is a Sunday the Mass , is a Sunday of , the Mass is of All Souls the Mass is of All Souls , All Saints' Day In where countries is the solemnity of transferred is All Saints is who to granted the faithful who to granted the faithful devoutly the day , merged was the Lutheran Church In Prussia , introduced 1816 1816 , Prussia introduced a new date , Prussia introduced a new date for Prussia introduced a new date for the remembrance such, Anglican parishes " now commemorate all the faithful Contributing to the revival was the need the celebration of fused was All Souls' Day It was reinstated in certain parishes In saints , refer the Methodist Church saints , refer the Methodist Church to , saints refer to all Christians saints refer to all Christians and Many All Souls' Day traditions are associated with popular notions Lighting candles serves to kindle a light Soul cakes are given to children All Souls' Day is celebrated in many European countries

Examples of include regional customs leaving supper , left is bedtime supper is left on the table All Souls' Day is known in Maltese In the Czech Republic All Souls' Day is called Dušičky the Czech Republic All Souls' Day is called Dušičky , candles are left on graves home altars are decorated with family photos Hallow mas is variously called "Undás Filipinos traditionally observe this day by Chinese Filipinos additionally burn incense and he was considered in his day His father's bookstore specialized in books and France studied at the Collège Stanislas , After he , secured several years several years , he secured the position , he secured the position of he secured the position of cataloguer France began his literary career as a poet " Le Parnasse Contemporain " published one Le Parnasse Contemporain " published one of In he , sat 1875 he , sat 1875 on , he sat on the committee he sat on the committee in from he , wrote 1867 1867 , he wrote many articles , he wrote many articles and he wrote many articles and notices He became known with the novel ( France ) ridiculed 1893 1893 ) France ridiculed belief ) France ridiculed belief in France ridiculed belief in the occult France took a part in the Dreyfus affair He signed Émile Zola's manifesto supporting Alfred Dreyfus France's later works include "L'Île des Pingouins " ( It is a satirical history of France It is a wake-up call against political and ideological fanaticism of it , tells the War in Heaven the War in Heaven , it tells the story , it tells the story of it tells the story of Arcade , Arcade begins reading the bishop's books Arcade begins reading the bishop's books on He moves to Paris , Arcade replacing that realizes God replacing that realizes God with He was awarded the Nobel Prize in France's entire works , put were 31 May 1922 France's entire works were put on the "Index Librorum Prohibitorum He regarded this as a "distinction In France , married 1877 1877 , France married Valérie Guérin de Sauville

, France married Valérie Guérin de Sauville , France married Valérie Guérin de Sauville , a granddaughter France's relations with were women always France was a socialist and In he , gave 1920 1920 , he gave his support , he gave his support to he gave his support to the newly founded French Communist Party Gide's career ranged from its beginnings in , Gide exposed to public view Gide exposed to public view the conflict His self-exploratory texts reflect his search of how Gide was born in Paris His father was a Paris University professor of law who a Paris University professor of was law He befriended Oscar Wilde in Paris after he , married his mother's death his mother's death , he married his cousin , he married his cousin Madeleine Rondeaux he married his cousin Madeleine Rondeaux , In Gide , rented 1901 1901 , Gide rented the property Maderia , Gide rented the property Maderia in Gide rented the property Maderia in St. Brélade's Bay André Gide was in England during The boy made friends with my son again I delighted in the range I delighted in the range and had he ; put a half satanic, half monk-like mien a half satanic, half monk-like mien ; he put one ; he put one in he put one in mind Withal there was something exotic there was something exotic about The heart of man held no secrets There he little was that he little was that did became Élie Allégret ; was fast friends fast friends ; Élie Allégret was best man ; Élie Allégret was best man at Élie Allégret was best man at Gide's wedding Gide was close friends with the critic Together they were part of they were part of the "Foyer Franco-Belge informed by condemned , Du Bos' Catholic convictions by Du Bos' Catholic convictions , condemned Gide's homosexuality It can only touch those can only who touch those only who touch those think who touch those think like In Gide , became the 1920s the 1920s , Gide became an inspiration , Gide became an inspiration for

Gide became an inspiration for writers 1924 ) he received widespread condemnation In he , sired 1923 1923 , he sired a daughter , he sired a daughter , he sired a daughter , Catherine He had known her for This caused the only crisis in the long-standing relationship This was possibly Gide's only sexual relationship with Catherine became his only descendant by blood He liked to call Elisabeth of they ( had Gide's life Gide's life ( they had adjoining apartments ( they had adjoining apartments built they had adjoining apartments built for to he , traveled May 1927 he , traveled May 1927 through , he traveled through the French Equatorial Africa colony he traveled through the French Equatorial Africa colony with Gide went successively to Middle Congo He related his peregrinations in a journal In he , criticized this published journal this published journal , he criticized the behavior , he criticized the behavior of he criticized the behavior of French business interests , he strongly criticized the "Large Concessions" regime he strongly criticized the "Large Concessions" regime ( He related , for instance he , became briefly the 1930s , he briefly became a communist he briefly became a communist , he , invited was communism In 1930 Gide published a book 1930 Gide published a book about Gide published a book about the Blanche Monnier case He left France for Africa In he , received 1947 1947 , he received the Nobel Prize in Literature , he received the Nobel Prize in Literature " he received the Nobel Prize in Literature " for He devoted much of his last years Gide died in Paris on was he : had no recluse no recluse : he had a need : he had a need of he had a need of friendship to it : spilled his friends it : spilled his friends over it spilled over into a concern André Gide's writings spanned many genres – " , " It is the fiction " It that is the fiction It that is the fiction lies that is the fiction lies at

what strikes is first one strikes one first is the variety too , we see Gide's curiosity , we see Gide's curiosity , we see Gide's curiosity , his youthfulness The fiction spans the early years of Symbolism In France Gide was considered a great stylist France Gide was considered a great stylist in But it is the "Journal " it is the "Journal " that Sheridan is " that the "Journal " His first novel emerged from Gide's own journal His first novel emerged from Gide's own journal , Edouard's journal " , provides Les faux-monnayeurs " , Edouard's journal provides an alternative voice , Edouard's journal provides an alternative voice to Edouard's journal provides an alternative voice to the narrator in what , is his "Cahiers de André Gide" essay what , is his "Cahiers de André Gide" essay makes Gide wrote in his "Journal " often the obstacle is within him " The works of reveal André Gide The works of André Gide reveal his passionate revolt He sought to uncover the authentic self he considered erects , his most important work Algorithms for calculating play variance cancellation , lead can very similar numbers cancellation can lead to the precision samples range will guarantee the desired stability This algorithm was by found Welford was by found Welford , by found Welford , and Chan's method for estimating is the mean all floating point operations that Assume use standard IEEE 754 double-precision arithmetic mean , the estimated population is this sample , the estimated population mean is 10 the estimated population mean is 10 , mean is 10 , and the unbiased estimate is , and 10 , further increasing makes the offset further increasing the error makes the offset increasing the error makes the offset catastrophic the estimated population variance of computed is 30 by is computed correctly 30 is by correctly computed the two-pass algorithm by correctly computed the two-pass algorithm , The first approach is to compute the statistical moments where the subscript formula 65 represents the concatenated time-history or the subscript formula 65 represents the concatenated time-history or combined formula 61

A slightly more accurate compensated version performs the full naive algorithm on the residuals The apparent asymmetry in is that last equation due "Prunus dulcis " ) is a species The almond is also the name of The fruit of the almond is a drupe Shelling almonds refers to removing the shell Almonds are sold shelled or The almond is a deciduous tree , growing Almond grows best in Mediterranean climates Almonds begin bearing an economic crop in Trees reach full bearing five to six years In it , is botanical terms it , is botanical terms not , it is not a nut it is not a nut but Inside the hull which is a woody endocarp the hull which is a woody endocarp forms which a woody endocarp is forms a reticulated, hard shell The almond is native to Iran It was by spread humans was by spread humans in by spread humans in ancient times Almonds were one of the earliest domesticated fruit trees Domesticated almonds appear in the Early Bronze Age ( Another well-known archaeological example of the almond is the fruit "almond " comes from Old French which to describe used objects The most widely planted varieties of are almond self the pollen , transferred is addition the pollen is transferred from flower of by is managed bees bees is by managed pollination brokers is by managed pollination brokers , who by managed , pollination brokers was heavily by affected colony collapse disorder heavily by affected colony collapse disorder at by affected colony collapse disorder at the turn researchers at developed have the USA government Agricultural Research Service the USA government Agricultural Research Service have that developed self-pollinating almond trees have that developed self-pollinating almond trees combine that self-pollinating almond trees developed combine this character Self-pollinating almond varieties exist but lack some commercial characters Almond production in concentrated is California in it , became the early 21st century it , became the early 21st century more produce a single almond : requires almonds a single almond : requires almonds roughly a single almond requires roughly of water

, world production of was almonds world production of almonds was 3.5 million tonnes by was , led 3.5 million tonnes production , concentrated is the United States production is concentrated in California California production is by marked a period is by marked a period of by marked a period of intense pollination Spain has diverse commercial cultivars of almonds Australia is the largest almond production region in the Southern Hemisphere It also which contains the enzyme emulsin also which contains the enzyme emulsin , which contains the enzyme emulsin , in Bitter almonds may yield 4–9   P450 monooxygenases are involved in the amygdalin biosynthetic pathway The US Food and Drug Administration reported in 2010 that some fractions in reported that 2010 , it is also a component it is also a component of Almonds are available in many forms A wide range of classic sweets feature almonds Marzipan was developed in the Middle Ages they eaten are often the Middle East Marzipan is used in a number Princess cake is by covered marzipan is by covered marzipan ( by covered marzipan ( similar sponge cake , covered is Sicily sponge cake is covered with marzipan Almonds contain polyphenols in their skins Historically , almond syrup was an emulsion , almond syrup was an emulsion of almond syrup was an emulsion of sweet and bitter almonds Almonds are 4% water , 22% carbohydrates The almond is a nutritionally dense food (table ) , Almonds are a moderate source ( 10–19% DV They also contain substantial dietary fiber , Almonds are included as a good source Almonds may cause allergy or tree nut ) and allergens (lipid transfer proteins Almonds are a rich source of oil of almond oil , contains the kernel almond oil , contains the kernel 32% almond oil contains 32% monounsaturated oleic acid Almond oil is obtained from the dried kernel Almonds are susceptible to aflatoxin-producing molds Aflatoxins by are produced potent carcinogenic chemicals by potent carcinogenic chemicals produced are molds The mold contamination may occur from soil High levels of appear typically mold growth Some countries have strict limits on allowable levels

The USDA approved a proposal by the Almond Board The almond pasteurization program became mandatory for California companies The Almond Board of states California : The USDA-approved marketing order was challenged in court was by in challenged court by in court challenged organic farmers this almond marketing order , imposed has the Cornucopia Institute , this almond marketing order has imposed significant financial burdens this almond marketing order has imposed significant financial burdens on A federal judge dismissed the lawsuit in the spring of 2009 In a federal appeals court , ruled August 2010 a federal appeals court , ruled August 2010 that the farmers that ruled have a right In the almond , was the Hebrew Bible the Hebrew Bible , the almond was a symbol , the almond was a symbol of the almond was a symbol of watchfulness In the almond mentioned is the Bible the almond mentioned is the Bible ten Numbers 17 Levi is chosen from the other tribes the sweet almonds , be would the Lord The Arabic name for is almond لوز 1.9% of is the population white There is also a small Amerindian population : Over 15,000 of were these persons from three per cent from while the United States and of the Prime Minister ; advises a multi-party system a multi-party system ; the Prime Minister advises the Governor-General ; the Prime Minister advises the Governor-General on the Prime Minister advises the Governor-General on the appointment Executive power is by exercised the government Legislative power is vested in both the government three of resulted have which for by was dominated a long time a long time was by dominated the Bird family was by dominated the Bird family , by dominated the Bird family , particularly Prime Ministers Vere The elections to held were the House of Representatives government was elected with fourteen seats The United Progressive Party had three seats in the House of Representatives Constitutional safeguards include freedom of speech Antigua and Barbuda is a member The Judiciary is independent of the executive The House of Representatives has 19 members , 17 members

The prime minister is the leader of the majority party There are special legislative provisions to account Barbuda is guaranteed one member of The country is divided into six parishes Antigua and Barbuda is a member This court is headquartered in Saint Lucia Antigua is also a member of The Royal Antigua and Barbuda Defence Force is the armed forces The RABDF is one of the world's smallest militaries who holds called is such positions Notable instances of persecution include the Rhineland massacres The root word "Semite " gives the false impression " antisemitism gives that the false impression antisemitism gives that the false impression is The origin of found is "antisemitic" terminologies He the Jews coined " the phrase the Jews coined " the phrase are was originally by used its authors originally by used its authors to by used its authors to " In German journalist Wilhelm Marr , published 1879 1879 , German journalist Wilhelm Marr published a pamphlet , German journalist Wilhelm Marr published a pamphlet , German journalist Wilhelm Marr published a pamphlet , "Der Sieg des Judenthums über das Germanenthum by " was followed "Semitismus " was by followed a coining was by followed a coining of by followed a coining of "Antisemitismus On the editor , says 19 July 1882 the editor , says 19 July 1882 , Semitism had had no more - Semitism " bore special racial connotations In the term , is this sense this sense , the term is a misnomer , the term is a misnomer , the term is a misnomer , since there is , since a misnomer Many scholars and institutions favor the unhyphenated form Emil Fackenheim supported the unhyphenated spelling , in endorsing an unhyphenated term for include the same reason Holocaust scholar and City University of New York professor Helen Fein defines it as " Fein's definition , Dietz Bering of writes the University of Cologne , Dietz Bering of writes the University of Cologne that Dietz Bering of writes the University of Cologne that , Bernard Lewis defines antisemitism as a special case

Jews : judged are two distinct features There have been a number of the term , considered was Semitism , which developed , a more detailed working definition which developed , a more detailed working definition states Rhetorical and physical manifestations of directed are antisemitism It provides contemporary examples of ways It also lists ways in attacking ways in lists which the definition , removed was 2013 the definition was removed from the website the definition , gained has the Fundamental Rights Agency , the definition has gained widespread international use the definition , adopted was 2016 the definition was by adopted the International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance In Wilhelm Marr , founded 1879 1879 , Wilhelm Marr founded the "Antisemiten-Liga , Wilhelm Marr founded the "Antisemiten-Liga " Wilhelm Marr founded the "Antisemiten-Liga " (Anti-Semitic League In A. C. Cuza , organized 1895 1895 , A. C. Cuza organized the "Alliance Anti-semitique Universelle , A. C. Cuza organized the "Alliance Anti-semitique Universelle " A. C. Cuza organized the "Alliance Anti-semitique Universelle " in in German propaganda minister Goebbels , announced 1938 German propaganda minister Goebbels , announced 1938 : It has no desire to have its rights has to have no desire - Semitism " acquired pejorative connotations This marked a full circle shift in usage Yehuda Bauer wrote in 1984 : Antisemitism manifests itself in a variety René König mentions social antisemitism , economic antisemitism differences that asserts in the chronology These difficulties may contribute to the existence the it ; is same it ; is same primarily ; it is primarily the number it is primarily the number of Louis Harap separates "economic antisemitism " and Gustavo Perednik has argued that what has he that argued what terms that argued he what He also wrote in his book they , accused are non-Jewish countries they are accused of double-loyalties they , reproached are their money They are called rootless cosmopolitans or antisemitism that argued is a political ideology One example she gives is the alleged antisemitism she gives is the alleged antisemitism within the Anti-Defamation League ( published ) ADL

the Anti-Defamation League ) published " Antisemitism Uncovered: A Guide to Old Myths It is organized around seven "myths This Guide also marked ADL's shift from Louis Harap defines cultural antisemitism as " Similarly , Eric Kandel characterizes cultural antisemitism , Eric Kandel characterizes cultural antisemitism as Eric Kandel characterizes cultural antisemitism as being , this form of views antisemitism this form of antisemitism views Jews Niewyk and Nicosia characterize cultural antisemitism Jews would stop if individual Jews other forms of developed have antisemitism The dividing line : " was racial or ethnic grounds : " The dividing line was the possibility " The dividing line was the possibility of a Jew ceased to be a Jew " the assimilated Jew was still a Jew the assimilated Jew was still a Jew , the Enlightenment it , is onward it , is onward no towards the new term antisemitism , becomes Jews the new term antisemitism , becomes Jews almost Linking underpins and money Jews Jews that claim control the world finances Gerald Krefetz summarizes the myth as " Krefetz gives , as illustrations they tended to invest less money Racial antisemitism the Jews is that the idea the Jews is that the idea are early 20th century , it gained mainstream acceptance , it gained mainstream acceptance as it gained mainstream acceptance as part Racial antisemites saw the Jews as part Racial antisemitism replaced the hatred of Judaism Jews , urbanized rapidly the Jewish Emancipation of a Jew ... ceased effective conversion a Jew ... ceased effective conversion to a Jew ceased to be a Jew the Enlightenment it , is onward it , is onward no towards the new term antisemitism , becomes Jews the new term antisemitism , becomes Jews almost William Brustein defines political antisemitism as hostility Yisrael Gutman characterizes political antisemitism as tending denial and Jewish conspiracy theories are also considered forms some scholars , advanced have the 1990s , some scholars have advanced the concept some scholars have advanced the concept of , the proponents of believe the new concept the proponents of believe the new concept that

of criticisms believe that the new concept criticisms believe that the new concept of criticisms that believe of Israel Jewish scholar Gustavo Perednik posited in 2004 that anti-Zionism in posited that 2004 His themes are repeated in the works Agatharchides of Cnidus ridiculed the practices The ancient Jewish philosopher Philo of Alexandria describes an attack have been by caused the Jews been by caused the Jews being by caused the Jews being portrayed the reason that argues for hatred it that writes was the Jews' refusal Moses , wrote that the early third century BCE Edward Flannery describes antisemitism in ancient times There are examples of Hellenistic rulers Tiberius , the emperor Suetonius Tiberius emperor expelled from Rome Jews The 18th-century English historian Edward Gibbon identified a more tolerant period in , there would be 200 million Jews there would be 200 million Jews in , the newly Catholicised Visigothic kingdom in issued Hispania the newly Catholicised Visigothic kingdom in Hispania issued a series which a series of issued anti-Jewish edicts From the medieval Islamic world , classified the 9th century the 9th century , the medieval Islamic world classified Jews , the medieval Islamic world classified Jews and the medieval Islamic world classified Jews and Christians Under there , was Islamic rule Islamic rule , there was a Golden age , there was a Golden age of there was a Golden age of Jewish culture several Muslim pogroms when ended against Jews Jews , forced were addition Jews , persecuted were medieval Europe Jews were persecuted with blood libels hundreds or thousands of killed were Jews This was the first major outbreak of anti-Jewish violence In there , were 1147 1147 , there were several massacres , there were several massacres of there were several massacres of Jews Many of fled the expelled Jews to Jews , used were the population Jews were used as scapegoats they that spread caused the disease Hundreds of destroyed were Jewish communities whose teachings inspired wrote , the Reformation He portrays the Jews in extremely harsh terms the Polish devastated –Lithuanian Commonwealth was the mid-to-late 17th century

–Lithuanian Commonwealth was by devastated several conflicts was by devastated several conflicts , by devastated several conflicts , in The first of was these conflicts first of these conflicts was the Khmelnytsky Uprising Bohdan Khmelnytsky's supporters was , when the Khmelnytsky Uprising European immigrants to the United States brought antisemitism During the American government , limited the Colonial Era the Colonial Era , the American government limited the political and economic rights , the American government limited the political and economic rights of the American government limited the political and economic rights of Jews It was not until the American Revolutionary War , Frederick II of limited Prussia Frederick II of Prussia limited the number the "protected" Jews " : had Judenschaft " : the "protected" Jews had an alternative : the "protected" Jews had an alternative to the "protected" Jews had an alternative to " , Archduchess of ordered Austria Maria Theresa Archduchess of Austria Maria Theresa ordered Jews This extortion was known as "malke-geld In she , introduced 1752 1752 , she introduced the law , she introduced the law limiting she introduced the law limiting each Jewish family In Joseph II , abolished 1782 1782 , Joseph II abolished most , Joseph II abolished most of Joseph II abolished most of these persecution practices The counter-revolutionary Catholic royalist Louis de Bonald stands out among the earliest figures Bonald's attacks on are the Jews likely Under the popular counter-revolutionary Catholic journalist Louis Veuillot , propagated the French Second Empire the French Second Empire , the popular counter-revolutionary Catholic journalist Louis Veuillot propagated Bonald's arguments , the popular counter-revolutionary Catholic journalist Louis Veuillot propagated Bonald's arguments against the popular counter-revolutionary Catholic journalist Louis Veuillot propagated Bonald's arguments against the Jewish "financial aristocracy alone , French priests published twenty antisemitic books , French priests published twenty antisemitic books blaming French priests published twenty antisemitic books blaming France's ills Thousands of slaughtered were Jews of by were slaughtered Jews Jews were by slaughtered Cossack Haidamaks were by slaughtered Cossack Haidamaks in by slaughtered Cossack Haidamaks in the 1768 massacre , the empress of forced Russia Catherine II

the empress of Russia Catherine II forced the Jews Jews , banned were 1804 Jews were banned from their villages Policy towards liberalised was Jews , his assassination in served 1881 his assassination in served 1881 as one symbol that writes of Jewish degradation Morris quotes a 19th-century traveler : " I quotes : " a 19th-century traveler ; it would be more it would be more than would his life be than more his life be than more was they , pelted are Mussulmans they are by pelted the boys are by pelted the boys and by pelted the boys and mobs , conditions for improved some Jews fine new buildings , noted that 1875 The middle 19th century saw continued official harassment of the Jews The Dreyfus Affair was an infamous antisemitic event of the late 19th century Dreyfus , convicted was these charges The event caused great uproar among the French Émile Zola accused the army of corrupting Some scholars view Karl Marx's essay " On The Jewish Question Marx that argue equated Judaism the essay that argue influenced National Socialist Marx himself had Jewish ancestry , Albert Lindemann had , and Jewish ancestry It was a retort to Bruno Bauer to Marx , used McLellan McLellan , Marx used the word , Marx used the word " Marx used the word " Judentum , approximately 1.75 million Jews migrated to America approximately 1.75 million Jews migrated to America , the bulk to migrated , America American Jews amounted had always 1900 Jews , discriminated were the US , the Beilis Trial in represented Russia the Beilis Trial in Russia represented modern incidents Antisemitism in America reached its peak The pioneer automobile manufacturer Henry Ford propagated antisemitic ideas in his newspaper In the Nuremberg Laws , prohibited September 1935 September 1935 , the Nuremberg Laws prohibited sexual relations , the Nuremberg Laws prohibited sexual relations and the Nuremberg Laws prohibited sexual relations and marriages It instituted a pogrom on the night of in he , responded November 1938 he , responded November 1938 to he responded to " Kristallnacht

They have undoubtedly had a difficult Jewish problem Antisemitism in the USSR reached new heights Similar antisemitic propaganda in resulted Poland in European anti-Israel sentiment declared that " religious freedom This rise in associated is antisemitic attacks Most of are the antisemitic incidents against to antisemitic policies , are Paul Johnson Paul Johnson , antisemitic policies are a sign , antisemitic policies are a sign of antisemitic policies are a sign of a state which a sign of are a state antisemitism , says that Human Rights Watch all of held polled the Muslim-majority Middle Eastern countries in Jew hatred , remains the Arab world Jew hatred , remains the Arab world culturally Some explanations assign partial blame to the perception parts that suggested of antisemitism Education plays an important role in addressing manifests it ; is itself it ; is itself also A March 2008 report by found the U.S. State Department that by there found that the U.S. State Department there found that the U.S. State Department was there that found was an increase A 2012 report by noted also the U.S. Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor In the Anti-Defamation League , conducted 2014 2014 , the Anti-Defamation League conducted a study , the Anti-Defamation League conducted a study titled the Anti-Defamation League conducted a study titled " Almost all Jews in left Algeria upon visited the Egyptian "al-Akhbar" internet paper , said Egypt the Egyptian "al-Akhbar" internet paper , said Egypt that For Allah , changed this reason this reason , Allah changed their shape , Allah changed their shape and Allah changed their shape and made In Egypt's Al Nahar channel , fooled July 2012 July 2012 , Egypt's Al Nahar channel fooled actors , Egypt's Al Nahar channel fooled actors into Egypt's Al Nahar channel fooled actors into thinking they actors into fooled thinking , some of launched the actors some of launched the actors into Libya once had one of of Jews , were the pro-Nazi Fascist Italian regime the pro-Nazi Fascist Italian regime , Jews were a third , Jews were a third of

Jews were a third of the population In the Nazi German troops , occupied 1942 1942 , the Nazi German troops occupied the Jewish quarter , the Nazi German troops occupied the Jewish quarter of the Nazi German troops occupied the Jewish quarter of Benghazi , most of emigrated the Jewish community most of emigrated the Jewish community from , another series of forced pogroms another series of pogroms forced all but about 100 Jews In 18,000 Jews , left 1948–9 1948–9 , 18,000 Jews left the country , 18,000 Jews left the country for 18,000 Jews left the country for Israel After Jewish emigration , continued this Jewish emigration , continued this ( Jewish emigration continued ( to Israel In Morocco , attained 1955 1955 , Morocco attained independence , Morocco attained independence and Morocco attained independence and emigration it was prohibited until 1963 The Six-Day War in led 1967 to Jews have lived in Tunisia Jews , expelled were the 13th century Jews were expelled from their homes wear several Jews , earned distinctive clothing distinctive clothing , several Jews earned high positions , several Jews earned high positions in several Jews earned high positions in the Tunisian government In approximately 105,000 Jews , lived 1948 approximately 105,000 Jews , lived 1948 in , approximately 105,000 Jews lived in Tunisia there , been have modern-day Tunisia , there have been many instances there have been many instances of condemn antisemitism , spreads them antisemitism , spreads them throughout , antisemitism spreads throughout Tunisian society there , been have the Ben Ali regime , there have been an increasing number there have been an increasing number of he , welcomed was Tunisia he was by welcomed Islamists was who by welcomed Islamists who by welcomed Islamists chanted The Tunisian government , made has the past , The Tunisian government has made efforts The Tunisian government has made efforts to Jews allowed were not the years 1652–1795 Antisemitism reached its apotheosis in the years The Japanese first learned about antisemitism White Army soldiers had been issued copies During Nazi Germany , encouraged World War II