Datasets:
Tasks:
Text Generation
Sub-tasks:
language-modeling
Languages:
English
Multilinguality:
monolingual
Size Categories:
10K<n<100K
Source Datasets:
squad
ArXiv:
License:
| Saint Bernadette Soubirous | |
| a copper statue of Christ | |
| the Main Building | |
| a Marian place of prayer and reflection | |
| a golden statue of the Virgin Mary | |
| September 1876 | |
| twice | |
| The Observer | |
| three | |
| 1987 | |
| Rome | |
| Moreau Seminary | |
| Old College | |
| Retired priests and brothers | |
| Buechner Prize for Preaching | |
| eight | |
| 1920 | |
| the College of Science | |
| five | |
| the 1870s | |
| Learning Resource Center | |
| five | |
| The First Year of Studies program | |
| U.S. News & World Report | |
| 1924 | |
| Master of Divinity | |
| Alliance for Catholic Education | |
| 1854 | |
| Department of Pre-Professional Studies | |
| Joan B. Kroc Institute for International Peace Studies | |
| President Emeritus of the University of Notre Dame | |
| 1986 | |
| Ray Kroc | |
| McDonald's | |
| 14 | |
| Theodore M. Hesburgh Library | |
| 1963 | |
| Millard Sheets | |
| Touchdown Jesus | |
| 3,577 | |
| 19.7% | |
| the top 10 to 15 in the nation | |
| 39.1% | |
| more than 750 miles | |
| 18th overall | |
| 8th | |
| 1st overall | |
| USA Today | |
| 57.6% | |
| Father Joseph Carrier, C.S.C. | |
| 1851–1921 | |
| the Science Department | |
| Evolution and Dogma | |
| Professor of Chemistry and Physics | |
| 1882 | |
| Professor Jerome Green | |
| Around 1899 | |
| Father Julius Nieuwland | |
| an early wind tunnel | |
| The Lobund Institute | |
| the 1940s | |
| 1950 | |
| 1958 | |
| 1928 | |
| The Review of Politics | |
| German Catholic journals | |
| 44 | |
| Review of Politics | |
| John Jenkins | |
| Notre Dame | |
| International Peace studies | |
| 2013 | |
| climate change | |
| 8,448 | |
| 21–24% | |
| over 700 | |
| the Holy Cross Missions in Bangladesh | |
| 12,179 | |
| 80% | |
| four | |
| 15 | |
| 20% | |
| 14 | |
| Congregatio a Sancta Cruce | |
| more than 93% | |
| over 100 times | |
| Fifty-seven | |
| over 80% | |
| Washington Hall | |
| 1879 | |
| Rev. William Corby | |
| 17th of May | |
| LaFortune Student Center | |
| scholastic and classical | |
| College of Commerce | |
| Father James Burns | |
| three years | |
| Harvard Law School | |
| Knute Rockne | |
| 105 | |
| 1925 | |
| 13 | |
| three | |
| the Protestant establishment | |
| the Ku Klux Klan | |
| Fr. Matthew Walsh | |
| a week-long Klavern | |
| South Bend | |
| Father John Francis O'Hara | |
| Father John Francis O'Hara | |
| Laetare Medal | |
| 1883 | |
| God | |
| more than half | |
| Lobund Institute for Animal Studies | |
| Hall of Liberal Arts | |
| Rev. John J. Cavanaugh, C.S.C. | |
| Medieval Institute | |
| 1917–2015 | |
| 18 | |
| $9 million | |
| 1952–87 | |
| 950 | |
| coeducational | |
| Dean of Arts and Letters | |
| Vice President of Student Affairs | |
| 1971 | |
| Saint Mary's College | |
| 1987–2005 | |
| 1240 | |
| $350 million | |
| more than $70 million | |
| 500 | |
| 2005 | |
| 17th | |
| Malloy | |
| Compton Family Ice Arena | |
| $400m | |
| Congregation of Holy Cross | |
| Basilica of the Sacred Heart | |
| French Revival | |
| Luigi Gregori | |
| 1896 | |
| Fr. Zahm | |
| 1950 | |
| Joseph LaFortune | |
| 83,000 square feet | |
| $1.2 million | |
| 29 | |
| Theodore Hesburgh Library | |
| almost 4 million | |
| Duncan Hall | |
| Frank Eck Stadium | |
| 2008 | |
| 40% | |
| Sustainable Endowments Institute | |
| Kroc Institute for International Peace Studies | |
| 1968 | |
| 1 Suffolk Street in Trafalgar Square | |
| Global Gateways | |
| 1998 | |
| The College of Arts and Letters | |
| 1842 | |
| 1849 | |
| Saint Louis University | |
| 33 | |
| Father Patrick Dillon | |
| 1865 | |
| six years | |
| Jordan Hall of Science | |
| over 1,200 | |
| School of Architecture | |
| Bond Hall | |
| five-year | |
| Rome | |
| Driehaus Architecture Prize | |
| 2015 | |
| the first floor of Stanford Hall | |
| over three million volumes | |
| one of the 100 largest | |
| The rise of Hitler and other dictators | |
| Germany | |
| classics and law | |
| Max Scheler | |
| a renowned sculptor | |
| University of Notre Dame du | |
| Catholic research university | |
| Our Lady of the Lake | |
| the Virgin Mary | |
| 1,250 | |
| its Fighting Irish football team | |
| Knute Rockne | |
| NCAA Division I | |
| seven | |
| 13 | |
| among the top twenty | |
| four | |
| Driehaus Architecture Prize | |
| more than 50 | |
| Snite Museum of Art | |
| 1842 | |
| Célestine Guynemer de la Hailandière | |
| the Congregation of the Holy Cross | |
| November 26, 1842 | |
| Father Stephen Badin's old log chapel | |
| 1849 | |
| 1865 | |
| Father Lemonnier | |
| 1879 | |
| 1873 | |
| NDtv | |
| one show | |
| WSND-FM | |
| WVFI | |
| $215 million | |
| June 3, 2008 | |
| Kite Realty | |
| the City of South Bend | |
| non-union workers | |
| National Collegiate Athletic Association | |
| Horizon League | |
| Midwest Fencing Conference | |
| Hockey East | |
| Big East Conference | |
| the ACC | |
| five | |
| Central Collegiate Hockey Association | |
| Navy Blue and Gold Rush | |
| Leprechaun | |
| Under Armour | |
| almost $100 million | |
| 1846 | |
| oldest university band in continuous existence in the United States | |
| Notre Dame Victory March | |
| Michigan Wolverines football team | |
| 1887 | |
| Ohio State University | |
| USC | |
| the most | |
| George Gipp | |
| the Army team | |
| Pat O'Brien | |
| Gipp | |
| 80,795 | |
| two-story banner | |
| the Drummers' Circle | |
| the steps of Bond Hall | |
| the Notre Dame Victory March and the Notre Dame Alma Mater | |
| Saturday | |
| over 1,600 | |
| 12 | |
| 28 | |
| Austin Carr | |
| Mike Brey | |
| John F. Shea | |
| 1904 | |
| Rev. Michael J. Shea | |
| 1928 | |
| onward to victory | |
| The Gipper | |
| Airplane! | |
| Sean Astin | |
| George Zipp | |
| Knute Rockne | |
| Condoleezza Rice | |
| Eric F. Wieschaus | |
| Rev. John Jenkins | |
| Olympic gold | |
| Jim Wetherbee | |
| in the late 1990s | |
| singing and dancing | |
| 2003 | |
| Houston, Texas | |
| late 1990s | |
| Destiny's Child | |
| Dangerously in Love | |
| Mathew Knowles | |
| Houston | |
| Dangerously in Love | |
| September 4, 1981 | |
| Beyoncé Giselle Knowles-Carter | |
| late 1990s | |
| lead singer | |
| Dangerously in Love | |
| 2003 | |
| five | |
| lead singer | |
| Dangerously in Love | |
| 2003 | |
| acting | |
| Jay Z | |
| six | |
| Dreamgirls | |
| 2010 | |
| Beyoncé | |
| Cadillac Records | |
| June 2005 | |
| B'Day | |
| Dreamgirls | |
| Jay Z | |
| Sasha Fierce | |
| love, relationships, and monogamy | |
| influential | |
| Forbes | |
| 2000s | |
| Forbes | |
| modern-day feminist | |
| 2013 and 2014 | |
| 118 million | |
| 60 million | |
| 118 million | |
| 20 | |
| Forbes | |
| Destiny's Child | |
| her mother's maiden name | |
| African-American | |
| Methodist | |
| Xerox | |
| hairdresser and salon owner | |
| Solange | |
| Joseph Broussard | |
| Xerox | |
| salon | |
| Solange | |
| Joseph Broussard. | |
| Methodist | |
| Fredericksburg | |
| Darlette Johnson | |
| Houston | |
| dance instructor Darlette Johnson | |
| St. John's United Methodist Church | |
| music magnet school | |
| Imagine | |
| Fredericksburg | |
| Darlette Johnson | |
| seven | |
| St. John's United Methodist Church | |
| Arne Frager | |
| Beyoncé's father | |
| Elektra Records | |
| Arne Frager | |
| 1995 | |
| Sony Music | |
| Elektra Records | |
| age eight | |
| eight | |
| Girl's Tyme | |
| Arne Frager | |
| 1995 | |
| Dwayne Wiggins's Grass Roots Entertainment | |
| Men in Black | |
| "Say My Name" | |
| Marc Nelson | |
| 1996 | |
| Book of Isaiah | |
| Men in Black | |
| Say My Name | |
| Marc Nelson | |
| Book of Isaiah. | |
| Men in Black. | |
| No, No, No | |
| 1999 | |
| Marc Nelson | |
| depression | |
| boyfriend left her | |
| her mother | |
| split with Luckett and Rober | |
| a couple of years | |
| her mother | |
| Farrah Franklin and Michelle Williams. | |
| Beyoncé | |
| her mother | |
| Farrah Franklin | |
| Independent Women Part I | |
| eleven | |
| MTV | |
| 663,000 copies | |
| Georges Bizet | |
| Survivor | |
| Charlie's Angels. | |
| Carmen: A Hip Hopera | |
| Survivor | |
| Luckett and Roberson | |
| October 2001 | |
| Mike Myers | |
| UK, Norway, and Belgium | |
| The Fighting Temptations | |
| Missy Elliott | |
| Summertime | |
| Austin Powers in Goldmember | |
| 73 million | |
| musical comedy | |
| Fighting Temptations | |
| mixed reviews | |
| Austin Powers in Goldmember | |
| Foxxy Cleopatra | |
| Work It Out | |
| The Fighting Temptations | |
| Fighting Temptations | |
| number four | |
| Dangerously in Love | |
| 11 million | |
| Crazy in Love | |
| four | |
| Jay Z | |
| Dangerously in Love | |
| number four | |
| Luther Vandross | |
| Jay Z | |
| June 24, 2003 | |
| Crazy in Love | |
| Luther Vandross. | |
| five. | |
| Destiny Fulfilled | |
| 2006 | |
| November 2003 | |
| Destiny Fulfilled | |
| Barcelona | |
| March 2006 | |
| Dangerously in Love Tour | |
| Missy Elliott and Alicia Keys | |
| Super Bowl XXXVIII | |
| Destiny Fulfilled. | |
| 541,000 | |
| Déjà Vu | |
| five | |
| five | |
| twenty-fifth birthday | |
| Jay Z | |
| top five | |
| B'Day | |
| 541,000 | |
| Jay Z | |
| Green Light | |
| The Pink Panther | |
| Dreamgirls | |
| Dreamgirls | |
| 2007 | |
| 24 million | |
| 158.8 million | |
| The Beyoncé Experience | |
| Shakira | |
| The Pink Panther | |
| Diana Ross. | |
| Listen | |
| The Beyoncé Experience | |
| Shakira | |
| Jay Z | |
| November 18, 2008 | |
| 2000s | |
| Taylor Swift | |
| 119.5 million | |
| in a video montage | |
| March 2009 | |
| Taylor Swift | |
| 119.5 million | |
| April 4, 2008 | |
| Jay Z. | |
| Sasha Fierce | |
| Single Ladies | |
| Kanye West | |
| Etta James | |
| Phoenix House | |
| At Last | |
| thriller | |
| MTV Movie Award for Best Fight | |
| Phoenix House | |
| Obsessed | |
| Sharon Charles | |
| 60 million | |
| Etta James | |
| Phoenix House | |
| the First Couple's first inaugural ball. | |
| Obsessed. | |
| ten | |
| Lauryn Hill | |
| Lady Gaga | |
| six | |
| Mariah Carey | |
| ten nominations | |
| Telephone | |
| Lady Gaga | |
| Mariah Carey | |
| Lauryn Hill | |
| ten | |
| Lauryn Hill | |
| Lady Gaga | |
| Mariah Carey | |
| 2010 | |
| 2010 | |
| the Great Wall of China | |
| 2010 | |
| her mother | |
| During the break | |
| nine months | |
| a hiatus | |
| her mother | |
| her father | |
| nine months | |
| 2011 | |
| Clinton Bush Haiti Fund | |
| the 2011 Glastonbury Festival | |
| The Huffington Post | |
| minute | |
| documents obtained by WikiLeaks | |
| 2011 | |
| The Huffington Post | |
| Glastonbury Festival | |
| Muammar Gaddafi. | |
| WikiLeaks | |
| Clinton Bush Haiti Fund. | |
| Pyramid stage | |
| 2011 | |
| Love on Top | |
| writing | |
| New York's Roseland Ballroom | |
| June 28, 2011 | |
| 310,000 copies | |
| New York Association of Black Journalists | |
| 2011 | |
| 4 | |
| June 28, 2011 | |
| 310,000 | |
| Essence | |
| New York's Roseland Ballroom | |
| January 7, 2012 | |
| Lenox Hill Hospital | |
| Blue Ivy Carter | |
| Revel Atlantic City's Ovation Hall | |
| January 7, 2012 | |
| Blue Ivy Carter | |
| Five months | |
| four nights | |
| January 7, 2012 | |
| Blue Ivy Carter | |
| Lenox Hill Hospital in New York. | |
| Revel Atlantic City's Ovation Hall | |
| four | |
| romance | |
| Life Is But a Dream | |
| global publishing agreement | |
| January 2013 | |
| Nuclear | |
| President Obama | |
| 268,000 tweets per minute | |
| January 2013 | |
| Nuclear | |
| the American national anthem | |
| Super Bowl XLVII halftime show | |
| Life Is But a Dream | |
| 132 | |
| The Mrs. Carter Show | |
| Rise Up | |
| Epic | |
| April 15 | |
| 2013 Met Gala | |
| Queen Tara | |
| Rise Up | |
| The Mrs. Carter Show World Tour | |
| 132 | |
| Back to Black | |
| Met Gala. | |
| Queen Tara | |
| the iTunes Store | |
| December 13, 2013 | |
| the iTunes Store | |
| Jay Z | |
| Forbes | |
| more than double her earnings | |
| December 13, 2013 | |
| one million | |
| Drunk in Love | |
| On the Run Tour. | |
| three | |
| Beck | |
| Vogue | |
| Coldplay | |
| three | |
| Beck | |
| Coldplay | |
| six awards | |
| Vogue | |
| Coldplay | |
| Coldplay | |
| six | |
| three | |
| Beck | |
| Vogue | |
| Coldplay | |
| Tidal | |
| Formation | |
| February 6, 2016 | |
| exclusively | |
| Tidal | |
| music streaming | |
| February 6, 2016 | |
| Tidal | |
| 300 million | |
| Paris | |
| miscarriage | |
| Jay Z | |
| April 4, 2008 | |
| 300 million | |
| wrote music | |
| Paris | |
| '03 Bonnie & Clyde | |
| April 4, 2008 | |
| 300 million | |
| miscarriage | |
| Paris. | |
| MTV Video Music Awards | |
| her pregnancy | |
| 12.4 million | |
| 2011 MTV Video Music Awards | |
| Her appearance | |
| most tweets per second | |
| Beyonce pregnant | |
| Love on Top | |
| 2011 MTV Video Music Awards | |
| Love on Top | |
| 12.4 million | |
| Beyonce pregnant | |
| Lifeandtimes.com | |
| Glory | |
| Blue Ivy Carter | |
| Lenox Hill Hospital | |
| Glory | |
| Blue Ivy Carter | |
| B.I.C. | |
| January 7, 2012 | |
| Blue Ivy Carter | |
| Glory | |
| Blue Ivy's cries | |
| B.I.C. | |
| George Zimmerman | |
| America the Beautiful | |
| 4 million | |
| same sex marriage | |
| a rally | |
| America the Beautiful | |
| America the Beautiful | |
| At Last | |
| Tumblr | |
| same sex marriage | |
| Vogue | |
| Ban Bossy campaign | |
| Vogue | |
| April 2013 | |
| Ban Bossy | |
| Flawless | |
| leadership in girls | |
| Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie | |
| Ban Bossy | |
| the ONE Campaign | |
| September 2015 | |
| women | |
| priorities | |
| 2015 | |
| Angela Merkel and Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma | |
| head of the G7 in Germany | |
| September 2015 | |
| the ONE Campaign | |
| Angela Merkel and Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma | |
| the head of the G7 in Germany | |
| women | |
| Freddie Gray | |
| protesters | |
| Freddie Gray | |
| thousands of dollars | |
| Madonna and Celine Dion | |
| highest-earning power couple | |
| 2014 | |
| 250 million | |
| Madonna and Celine Dion | |
| Forbes | |
| 2011 | |
| 115 million | |
| 250 million | |
| Forbes | |
| April 2014. | |
| MTV | |
| 2013 | |
| four | |
| Jody Rosen | |
| The Daily Mail | |
| hip hop | |
| four octaves | |
| versatile | |
| hip hop | |
| praise her range and power | |
| four | |
| Her vocal abilities | |
| tart | |
| the hip hop era | |
| R&B | |
| pop, soul and funk | |
| Spanish | |
| re-release of B'Day | |
| Rudy Perez | |
| R&B | |
| English | |
| Spanish | |
| B'Day | |
| R&B | |
| Spanish | |
| Rudy Perez. | |
| B'Day. | |
| beats | |
| Cater 2 U | |
| female-empowerment | |
| man-tending anthems | |
| co-producing credits | |
| melodies | |
| Women | |
| co-producing | |
| melodies and ideas | |
| Beyoncé | |
| American Society of Composers, Authors, and Publishers Pop Music Awards | |
| Diane Warren | |
| Top 20 Hot 100 Songwriters | |
| 2001 | |
| third | |
| Billboard magazine | |
| third woman | |
| Pop Songwriter of the Year award | |
| the American Society of Composers, Authors, and Publishers Pop Music Awards. | |
| three | |
| 17 | |
| Michael Jackson | |
| five | |
| Michael Jackson | |
| vocal runs | |
| Michael Jackson | |
| Vision of Love | |
| Michael Jackson | |
| Michael Jackson | |
| Diana Ross | |
| Whitney Houston | |
| Vision of Love | |
| feminism and female empowerment | |
| Josephine Baker | |
| Etta James | |
| Dreamgirls | |
| boldness | |
| 2006 Fashion Rocks concert | |
| Josephine Baker. | |
| Déjà Vu | |
| Michelle Obama | |
| February 2013 | |
| Oprah Winfrey | |
| Michelle Obama | |
| a strong woman | |
| lyrical and raw | |
| to take control of her own career | |
| continuing inspiration | |
| First Lady Michelle Obama | |
| Oprah Winfrey | |
| Jean-Michel Basquiat | |
| Madonna | |
| Suga Mama | |
| The Mamas | |
| Montina Cooper-Donnell, Crystal Collins and Tiffany Moniqué Riddick | |
| 2006 | |
| Suga Mama | |
| Suga Mama | |
| 2006 BET Awards | |
| Suga Mama | |
| Suga Mama | |
| B'Day | |
| The Mamas | |
| the 2006 BET Awards | |
| stage presence and voice | |
| L.A. Reid | |
| stage presence | |
| Jarett Wieselman | |
| greatest entertainer alive | |
| she's almost too good | |
| Jarett Wieselman | |
| L.A. Reid | |
| Sasha Fierce | |
| making of "Crazy in Love" | |
| 2010 | |
| Revel Presents: Beyoncé Live | |
| too aggressive, too strong | |
| she would bring her back | |
| Sasha Fierce. | |
| 2008 | |
| Crazy in Love | |
| Allure magazine | |
| wide-ranging | |
| Touré | |
| Bootylicious | |
| Destiny's Child | |
| Bootylicious | |
| Bootylicious | |
| 2006 | |
| Touré | |
| Bootylicious | |
| 2006 | |
| sexily | |
| modelling | |
| Tom Ford's Spring/Summer 2011 fashion show | |
| People | |
| January 2013 | |
| VH1 | |
| People | |
| Complex | |
| 2013 | |
| number 1 | |
| 2010 | |
| People | |
| Hottest Female Singer of All Time | |
| Madame Tussauds Wax Museums | |
| Her mother | |
| Tyra Banks | |
| Destiny's Style | |
| 2007 | |
| Tyra Banks | |
| Tyra Banks | |
| People | |
| The Bey Hive | |
| The Beyontourage | |
| Bey Hive | |
| Beyontourage | |
| Bey Hive | |
| Beyontourage | |
| beehive | |
| House of Deréon | |
| L'Officiel | |
| blackface and tribal makeup | |
| 2006 | |
| for wearing and using fur | |
| L'Officiel | |
| in blackface and tribal makeup | |
| L'Officiel | |
| House of Deréon. | |
| French fashion magazine | |
| African-American | |
| Emmett Price | |
| L'Oréal | |
| natural pictures be used | |
| it is categorically untrue | |
| costuming | |
| Emmett Price | |
| L'Oréal | |
| Feria hair color advertisements | |
| H&M | |
| The Guardian | |
| 2013 | |
| 2014 | |
| Artist of the Decade | |
| 2013 | |
| 2014 | |
| Baz Luhrmann | |
| Jody Rosen | |
| The Guardian | |
| Time 100 list | |
| Baz Luhrmann | |
| 2014 | |
| White Rabbits | |
| Gwyneth Paltrow | |
| Pepsi | |
| Beyoncé's Pepsi commercial | |
| White Rabbits | |
| work | |
| Country Strong | |
| White Rabbits | |
| Milk Famous | |
| Gwyneth Paltrow | |
| Country Strong. | |
| Nicki Minaj | |
| Crazy in Love | |
| two | |
| 8 million | |
| fly | |
| July 2014 | |
| Crazy in Love | |
| earned two Grammy Awards | |
| around 8 million copies | |
| Drake | |
| Rolling Stone | |
| Drake | |
| a species of horse fly | |
| 15 million | |
| 118 million | |
| 64 | |
| 60 million | |
| Beyoncé | |
| 15 million | |
| 118 million | |
| 60 million | |
| 2008 World Music Awards | |
| 64 certifications | |
| over 15 million | |
| over 118 million | |
| The Recording Industry Association of America | |
| 64 | |
| the 2008 World Music Awards | |
| 20 | |
| Alison Krauss | |
| 52 | |
| six | |
| two | |
| 20 Grammy Awards | |
| 52 nominations | |
| 2010 | |
| Adele | |
| 20 | |
| 52 | |
| "Single Ladies (Put a Ring on It)" | |
| Dreamgirls | |
| Pepsi | |
| 50 million | |
| The Center for Science in the Public Interest (CSPINET) | |
| 70 | |
| 2002 | |
| Britney Spears, Pink, and Enrique Iglesias | |
| endorse Pepsi | |
| Center for Science in the Public Interest | |
| Pepsi | |
| $50 million | |
| The Center for Science in the Public Interest (CSPINET) | |
| NetBase | |
| Tommy Hilfiger | |
| Beyoncé | |
| Heat | |
| 2013 | |
| 400 million | |
| Heat | |
| 2011 | |
| Pulse | |
| six editions | |
| Diamonds | |
| 2010. | |
| Heat | |
| six | |
| 18 | |
| Starpower: Beyoncé | |
| since the age of 18 | |
| 70 staff | |
| out of court | |
| Starpower: Beyoncé | |
| Starpower: Beyoncé | |
| GateFive | |
| 70 | |
| June 2013 | |
| fashion retailer Topshop | |
| Parkwood Topshop Athletic Ltd | |
| activewear | |
| fall of 2015 | |
| Topshop | |
| 2015 | |
| Parkwood Entertainment | |
| Topshop | |
| London | |
| activewear | |
| March 30, 2015 | |
| Jay Z | |
| March 30, 2015 | |
| music streaming service | |
| low payout of royalties | |
| Tidal. | |
| Aspiro | |
| Jay Z | |
| Spotify | |
| her mother | |
| Agnèz Deréon | |
| Beyond Productions | |
| sportswear, denim offerings with fur, outerwear and accessories that include handbags and footwear | |
| US and Canada | |
| her mother | |
| 2005 | |
| grandmother, Agnèz Deréon | |
| in Destiny's Child's shows and tours | |
| her mother | |
| Deréon. | |
| shoe | |
| Brazil | |
| 2009 | |
| House of Deréon collection | |
| Sasha Fierce for Deréon | |
| May 27, 2010 | |
| House of Brands | |
| Beyoncé Fashion Diva | |
| Sasha Fierce for Deréon | |
| C&A | |
| Dillard's | |
| Topshop | |
| autumn 2015 | |
| Parkwood Topshop Athletic Ltd | |
| 50 | |
| April 2016 | |
| Topshop | |
| Parkwood Topshop Athletic Ltd | |
| activewear | |
| Hurricane Katrina | |
| 250,000 | |
| Ike | |
| the Survivor Foundation | |
| $250,000 | |
| expanded to work with other charities | |
| Survivor Foundation | |
| $250,000. | |
| Hurricane Ike | |
| George Clooney and Wyclef Jean | |
| Brooklyn Phoenix House | |
| God Bless the USA | |
| $1 million | |
| Beyoncé Cosmetology Center at the Brooklyn Phoenix House | |
| New York Police and Fire Widows' and Children's Benefit Fund | |
| Hope for Haiti Now: A Global Benefit | |
| George Clooney and Wyclef Jean | |
| Beyoncé Cosmetology Center | |
| God Bless the USA | |
| Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting | |
| I Was Here | |
| Miss a Meal | |
| London | |
| her mother | |
| Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting. | |
| spread female empowerment | |
| Catapult | |
| Demand A Plan | |
| Sandy Hook Elementary School | |
| I Was Here | |
| Salma Hayek and Frida Giannini | |
| Spanish word montaña (mountain) | |
| 4th | |
| 44th | |
| 77 | |
| from the Spanish word montaña | |
| 1908 | |
| 1949 | |
| 1981 | |
| grizzly bear | |
| Maiasaura | |
| 1910 | |
| Oro y Plata | |
| "Gold and Silver" | |
| 1865 | |
| 1895 | |
| bitterroot | |
| 35 percent | |
| 56 | |
| Billings | |
| Missoula and Great Falls | |
| "mountain" | |
| Montaña del Norte | |
| 147,040 square miles | |
| Wyoming | |
| Idaho | |
| western half of the state | |
| About 60 percent | |
| north | |
| Hudson Bay. | |
| over 10,000 feet | |
| Granite Peak | |
| 12,799 feet | |
| one | |
| 1996 | |
| 59 to 41. | |
| 29 to 21 | |
| a swing state | |
| 1992 | |
| 60 percent | |
| 40 percent | |
| Bozeman Yellowstone International Airport | |
| 2013 | |
| BNSF Railway | |
| 1880s | |
| Rocky Mountain Elk Foundation | |
| spring | |
| wolves and mountain lions | |
| 1930s | |
| Federation of Fly Fishers | |
| trout and kokanee salmon fisheries | |
| A River Runs Through It | |
| April 26, 1864 | |
| 1862 | |
| $1.75 | |
| 1886 | |
| 450 | |
| Hudson Bay | |
| Triple Divide Peak in Glacier National Park. | |
| Pacific Ocean | |
| Jefferson, Madison and Gallatin rivers | |
| Three Forks | |
| north | |
| 1976 | |
| north | |
| North Dakota | |
| at least 3,223 | |
| Flathead Lake | |
| Fort Peck Reservoir | |
| Missouri river | |
| approximately 25 percent | |
| 90 | |
| grizzly bear | |
| five | |
| at least 17 | |
| 15 inches | |
| 34.70 inches | |
| 105 inches | |
| 7 | |
| 6.9 percent | |
| no | |
| Approximately 66,000 | |
| 1851 | |
| 1887 | |
| Great Falls | |
| 63% | |
| German | |
| a mining camp | |
| 6.5 percent | |
| Big Horn, Glacier, and Roosevelt | |
| 1980 and 1990 | |
| 2007 | |
| July | |
| forest fires | |
| 1855 | |
| Isaac Stevens | |
| 1859 | |
| Flathead Indian Reservation | |
| Camp Cooke | |
| on the Missouri River | |
| 1876 | |
| 1877 | |
| English | |
| 94.8 percent | |
| Spanish | |
| 13,040 | |
| about 1,700 | |
| 89.4 percent | |
| 6.3 percent | |
| 2.9 | |
| 1,032,949 | |
| 4.40% | |
| Gallatin County | |
| Kalispell | |
| 1917 | |
| 1941 | |
| smokejumpers and for other forest fire-fighting duties. | |
| over 13 million | |
| about 325 | |
| General Philip Sheridan | |
| 1875 | |
| 1881 | |
| 1882 | |
| 1871, 1872 and 1873 | |
| 1876 | |
| 1883 | |
| 1866 | |
| bid for statehood | |
| 1884 | |
| 1889 | |
| North Dakota, South Dakota and Washington | |
| 1862 | |
| 160 acres | |
| 1868 | |
| 1877 | |
| 640 acres | |
| $.25 | |
| James J. Hill | |
| 1902 | |
| 1909 | |
| 320 acres | |
| 1917 | |
| 1918 | |
| criminalized criticism of the U.S. government, military, or symbols through speech or other means | |
| 200 | |
| 78 | |
| 40,000-plus | |
| over 57,000 | |
| At least 1500 | |
| First Special Service Force or "Devil's Brigade," | |
| Great Falls, Lewistown, Cut Bank and Glasgow | |
| entire human groups | |
| that group | |
| "in whole or in part" | |
| Prosecutor v. Radislav Krstic | |
| opinions of respected commentators | |
| that biological-physical destruction was necessary | |
| the type of group destruction | |
| Germany | |
| Convention States municipal laws | |
| the judgements of several international and municipal courts | |
| the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide | |
| Nazi Germany | |
| Lemkin | |
| United Nations General Assembly | |
| provide a legal definition of the crime | |
| political killings | |
| USSR | |
| international intervention in domestic politics | |
| William Schabas | |
| its own Great Purge | |
| majority of legal scholars | |
| national, racial, religious or ethnic | |
| Jorgic v. Germany | |
| biological-physical | |
| as a descriptive term | |
| Lemming | |
| international relations and community | |
| Australian | |
| "ritualcide" | |
| ritualcide | |
| anthropologist | |
| language, culture, and economic infrastructure | |
| legal aspect of the term | |
| a crime | |
| the deliberate killing of a certain group | |
| officials in power of a state or area | |
| the Peace of Westphalia | |
| genocide is more often than not committed by the officials in power | |
| ethnic, national, racial and in some instances religious groups | |
| 1648 | |
| 1944 | |
| The word genocide is the combination of the Greek prefix geno- (meaning tribe or race) and caedere (the Latin word for to kill). | |
| a specific set of violent crimes that are committed against a certain group with the attempt to remove the entire group from existence or to destroy them | |
| Raphael Lemkin | |
| Winston Churchill | |
| 1944 | |
| as "a crime without a name" | |
| Raphael Lemkin | |
| Greek prefix geno- (meaning tribe or race) and caedere (the Latin word for to kill) | |
| to remove the entire group from existence or to destroy them | |
| when the targeted part is substantial enough | |
| The numeric size | |
| absolute terms | |
| prominence within the group | |
| perpetrators' access to the victims | |
| historical examples of genocide | |
| possible extent of their reach | |
| the opportunity presented to him | |
| inform the analysis | |
| 12 January 1951 | |
| 20 | |
| only two | |
| the United Kingdom | |
| four | |
| a diplomatic compromise | |
| a research tool | |
| international legal credibility | |
| alternative definitions | |
| Jonassohn and Björnson | |
| their focus | |
| Frank Chalk | |
| R. J. Rummel | |
| Ted Gurr | |
| social and political groups | |
| The Soviet Invasion and the Afghan Response | |
| political groups | |
| Genocide | |
| intends to destroy a group | |
| policies | |
| victimized groups | |
| politicides | |
| nationality | |
| pogroms | |
| murder by government | |
| religious group | |
| Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide | |
| eliminate the group | |
| preventing births | |
| Adrian Gallagher | |
| collective power | |
| intent | |
| group identity | |
| destroyed | |
| acts of genocide | |
| both in peace and wartime | |
| no claim of genocide could be brought against them | |
| the United States | |
| Norway | |
| Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide | |
| humanity | |
| crimes like murder | |
| the Holocaust | |
| Raphael Lemkin | |
| European Court of Human Rights | |
| wider interpretation of genocide | |
| ethnic cleansing | |
| expel Muslims and Croats from their homes | |
| the ICTY | |
| About 30 | |
| several plea bargains | |
| conspiracy to commit genocide | |
| aiding and abetting genocide | |
| German courts | |
| He died | |
| Belgrade | |
| Radovan Karadžić and Ratko Mladić | |
| genocide or complicity in genocide | |
| Slobodan Milošević | |
| International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR) | |
| April 1994 | |
| the Security Council of the United Nations | |
| serious violations of the international law | |
| Rwandan citizens | |
| situation in Darfur | |
| Colin Powell | |
| the Senate Foreign Relations Committee | |
| an International Commission of Inquiry on Darfur | |
| genocidal policy | |
| Prosecutor of the International Criminal Court | |
| the Commission report | |
| the United States | |
| his fourth report | |
| structural conditions | |
| psychological and social | |
| Ervin Staub | |
| devaluation of the group | |
| humanizing a devalued group | |
| resistance of bacteria | |
| evolution | |
| 1943 | |
| penicillin and erythromycin | |
| evolutionary processes | |
| survive high doses of antibiotics | |
| 1943 | |
| Luria–Delbrück | |
| concentration | |
| bacterial infection | |
| bacterial growth phase | |
| division of bacterial cells | |
| concentration | |
| host defense mechanisms, the location of infection, and the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of the antibacterial | |
| several pharmacological parameters are used as markers of drug efficacy | |
| bacterial functions or growth processes | |
| penicillins and cephalosporins | |
| polymyxins | |
| (macrolides, lincosamides and tetracyclines | |
| mechanism of action | |
| penicillins and cephalosporins | |
| polymyxins | |
| four | |
| mechanism of action, chemical structure, or spectrum of activity | |
| semisynthetic modifications | |
| beta-lactam antibiotics | |
| aminoglycosides | |
| synthesis | |
| various natural compounds | |
| 2000 atomic mass units | |
| penicillins | |
| fungi | |
| tuberculosis | |
| overuse, especially in livestock raising, prompting bacteria to develop resistance | |
| World Health Organization | |
| 20th century | |
| anyone, of any age, in any country | |
| develop resistance | |
| World Health Organization | |
| 20th | |
| antibiotic resistance | |
| vaccination | |
| 20th century | |
| develop resistance | |
| World Health Organization | |
| every region of the world | |
| 20th century | |
| antimicrobial and antibiotic resistance | |
| livestock raising | |
| tuberculosis | |
| empirical therapy | |
| laboratory | |
| broad spectrum antibiotic | |
| While the microorgainsim is being identified | |
| several days | |
| broad spectrum antibiotic | |
| a patient has proven or suspected infection, but the responsible microorganism is not yet unidentified | |
| before the doctor knows the exact identification of microorgansim | |
| fever and nausea | |
| disruption of the species composition in the intestinal flora | |
| yeast | |
| a quinolone antibiotic with a systemic corticosteroid | |
| alter the host microbiota | |
| negative effects | |
| clinical use | |
| microbial organisms | |
| Adverse effects | |
| host microbiota | |
| negative effects on humans or other mammals | |
| fever and nausea to major allergic reactions, including photodermatitis and anaphylaxis | |
| diarrhea | |
| overgrowth of yeast | |
| Additional side-effects | |
| increased body mass | |
| subtherapeutic antibiotic treatment | |
| penicillin, vancomycin, penicillin and vancomycin, or chlortetracycline | |
| unclear | |
| weighed against the beneficial effects | |
| increased body mass | |
| Early life | |
| unclear | |
| The majority of studies indicate antibiotics do interfere with contraceptive pills | |
| about 1% | |
| reduced absorption of estrogens in the colon | |
| inconclusive and controversial | |
| extra contraceptive measures | |
| contraceptive pills | |
| about 1% | |
| absorption of estrogens | |
| oral contraceptives | |
| antibiotics do interfere | |
| extra contraceptive measures | |
| about 1% | |
| decreased effectiveness | |
| moderate alcohol consumption is unlikely to interfere with many common antibiotics | |
| there are specific types of antibiotics with which alcohol consumption may cause serious side-effects | |
| widespread | |
| decreased effectiveness of antibiotic therapy | |
| alcohol consumption | |
| alcohol and antibiotics | |
| alcohol | |
| specific types of antibiotics with which alcohol consumption may cause serious side-effects | |
| alcohol and antibiotics should never be mixed | |
| Intrinsic antibacterial resistance | |
| antibacterial resistance genes | |
| antibiotic target | |
| vertical transmission | |
| mutation | |
| vertical transmission of mutations | |
| carry several different resistance genes | |
| superbugs | |
| tuberculosis | |
| half a million | |
| MDR-TB | |
| Inappropriate antibiotic treatment and overuse | |
| Self prescription | |
| overuse of antibiotics | |
| prophylactic antibiotics | |
| failure of medical professionals to prescribe the correct dosage | |
| failure to take the entire prescribed course of the antibiotic, incorrect dosage and administration, or failure to rest for sufficient recovery | |
| Inappropriate antibiotic treatment | |
| prescribe antibiotics | |
| US Interagency Task Force on Antimicrobial Resistance | |
| US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and the National Institutes of Health (NIH) | |
| 2002 | |
| 2003 | |
| Swann report 1969 | |
| American Society for Microbiology (ASM), American Public Health Association (APHA) and the American Medical Association (AMA) | |
| S.742 and H.R. 2562 | |
| American Holistic Nurses' Association, the American Medical Association, and the American Public Health Association (APHA) | |
| animal husbandry | |
| 1977 | |
| March 2012 | |
| medicinal folklore | |
| over 2000 years ago | |
| mold and plant materials and extracts | |
| against life | |
| Jean Paul Vuillemin | |
| mold | |
| Alexander Fleming | |
| penicillin | |
| chemotherapy | |
| Prontosil | |
| IG Farben | |
| Gerhard Domagk | |
| 1939 Nobel Prize for Medicine | |
| tyrothricin | |
| 1939 | |
| start of World War II, | |
| Rene Dubos | |
| wounds and ulcers | |
| 1942 | |
| 1945 | |
| Norman Heatley | |
| 1945 | |
| Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin | |
| immune modulation or augmentation | |
| Antibacterial vaccines | |
| Vaccines made from attenuated whole cells or lysates | |
| Phage therapy | |
| infecting pathogenic bacteria | |
| phages will infect "good" bacteria | |
| 2 | |
| seven | |
| 2013 | |
| FDA | |
| economic incentives | |
| superbugs | |
| Allan Coukell, | |
| Polish and French | |
| Romantic era | |
| solo piano | |
| Duchy of Warsaw | |
| 20 | |
| 1810 | |
| Romantic era | |
| Warsaw | |
| solo piano | |
| 20 | |
| 17 October 1849 | |
| Fryderyk Franciszek Chopin | |
| solo piano | |
| Romantic era | |
| 1810 | |
| Warsaw | |
| 20 | |
| Romantic | |
| 1849 | |
| 21 | |
| 30 | |
| 1835 | |
| Majorca | |
| tuberculosis | |
| Paris | |
| 30 | |
| Franz Liszt | |
| 1835 | |
| Maria Wodzińska | |
| 21 | |
| 30 | |
| 1835 | |
| Jane Stirling | |
| 1835 | |
| Jane Stirling | |
| tuberculosis | |
| piano | |
| instrumental ballade | |
| J. S. Bach, Mozart and Schubert | |
| nuance and sensitivity | |
| Paris salons | |
| piano | |
| instrumental ballade | |
| nuance and sensitivity | |
| J. S. Bach, Mozart and Schubert | |
| Polish | |
| piano | |
| Polish | |
| nuance and sensitivity | |
| J. S. Bach, Mozart and Schubert | |
| piano | |
| Polish | |
| Paris salons | |
| indirect | |
| his love life and his early death | |
| Romantic era | |
| films and biographies | |
| France | |
| Poland | |
| political insurrection | |
| Romantic era | |
| France | |
| political insurrection | |
| Romantic era | |
| Żelazowa Wola | |
| 22 February 1810 | |
| 1 March | |
| Fridericus Franciscus | |
| 29 | |
| Żelazowa Wola | |
| Napoleon | |
| 22 February 1810 | |
| 1 March | |
| Fridericus Franciscus | |
| Napoleon | |
| 22 February 1810 | |
| 1 March | |
| Fridericus Franciscus | |
| Żelazowa Wola | |
| Napoleon | |
| Justyna Krzyżanowska | |
| 23 April 1810 | |
| Polish | |
| Nicolas | |
| Lorraine | |
| Justyna Krzyżanowska | |
| Fryderyk Skarbek | |
| Ludwika | |
| Nicolas | |
| Lorraine | |
| Ludwika | |
| October | |
| French | |
| the Palace grounds | |
| flute and violin | |
| illnesses | |
| October 1810 | |
| Warsaw Lyceum | |
| flute and violin | |
| piano | |
| six months | |
| French | |
| flute and violin | |
| piano | |
| Saxon Palace. | |
| Wojciech Żywny | |
| Ludwika | |
| 7 | |
| two polonaises | |
| a polonaise in A-flat major of 1821 | |
| Wojciech Żywny | |
| Ludwika | |
| 7 | |
| 1817 | |
| 1816 to 1821 | |
| Wojciech Żywny | |
| Ludwika | |
| 7 | |
| Wojciech Żywny | |
| 1817 | |
| Warsaw University | |
| Kazimierz Palace | |
| Belweder Palace | |
| Nasze Przebiegi | |
| 1817 | |
| Kazimierz Palace | |
| Grand Duke Constantine | |
| a march | |
| Julian Ursyn Niemcewicz | |
| Belweder Palace | |
| Grand Duke Constantine | |
| a march | |
| Julian Ursyn Niemcewicz | |
| 1823 to 1826 | |
| Józef Elsner | |
| eolomelodicon | |
| Alexander I | |
| 10 June 1825 | |
| Wilhelm Würfel | |
| Józef Elsner | |
| eolomelodicon | |
| diamond ring | |
| Rondo Op. 1 | |
| Wilhelm Würfel | |
| Józef Elsner | |
| eolomelodicon | |
| a diamond ring. | |
| Rondo Op. 1. | |
| Dominik Dziewanowski | |
| Szafarnia | |
| his family | |
| Warsaw newspapers | |
| Dominik Dziewanowski | |
| Polish rural folk music | |
| Dominik Dziewanowski | |
| The Szafarnia Courier | |
| Szafarnia | |
| 1827 | |
| Krakowskie Przedmieście | |
| 1830 | |
| a museum | |
| Ambroży Mieroszewski | |
| 1827 | |
| 1830 | |
| boarding house for male students | |
| Ambroży Mieroszewski | |
| sister Emilia | |
| 1830 | |
| Chopin Family Parlour | |
| Ambroży Mieroszewski | |
| male | |
| Jan Matuszyński and Julian Fontana | |
| Konstancja Gładkowska | |
| Tytus Woyciechowski, Jan Nepomucen Białobłocki, Jan Matuszyński and Julian Fontana | |
| Konstancja Gładkowska | |
| Piano Concerto No. 1 (in E minor) | |
| July 1829 | |
| Jan Matuszyński and Julian Fontana | |
| Konstancja Gładkowska | |
| Tytus Woyciechowski | |
| Piano Concerto No. 1 (in E minor) | |
| Four | |
| Feliks Jarocki | |
| Gaspare Spontini | |
| Prince Antoni Radziwiłł | |
| Introduction and Polonaise brillante in C major for cello and piano, Op. 3 | |
| September 1828 | |
| Feliks Jarocki | |
| Gaspare Spontini | |
| Prince Antoni Radziwiłł | |
| Introduction and Polonaise brillante in C major for cello and piano, Op. 3 | |
| 1828 | |
| Feliks Jarocki | |
| zoologist | |
| Gaspare Spontini | |
| 1829 | |
| Souvenir de Paganini | |
| August | |
| two | |
| 17 March 1830 | |
| Souvenir de Paganini | |
| Vienna | |
| Piano Concerto No. 2 in F minor, Op. 21 | |
| September 1829 | |
| accustomed to the piano-bashing of local artists | |
| Niccolò Paganini | |
| Vienna | |
| two | |
| three | |
| 2 November 1830 | |
| Austria | |
| 1830 | |
| Zdzisław Jachimecki | |
| Zdzisław Jachimecki | |
| Woyciechowski | |
| Italy | |
| the November 1830 Uprising | |
| western Europe | |
| Woyciechowski | |
| 1830 | |
| "I curse the moment of my departure." | |
| 1831 | |
| the Polish Great Emigration | |
| French | |
| 1835 | |
| friends and confidants | |
| Polish | |
| September 1831 | |
| Polish Great Emigration | |
| 1835 | |
| Adam Zamoyski | |
| Poland | |
| France | |
| French | |
| Adam Zamoyski | |
| Polish Great Emigration | |
| Paris | |
| Adam Mickiewicz | |
| songs | |
| Adam Mickiewicz | |
| Hector Berlioz, Franz Liszt, Ferdinand Hiller, Heinrich Heine, Eugène Delacroix, and Alfred de Vigny | |
| Adam Mickiewicz | |
| principal of the Polish Literary Society | |
| Julian Fontana | |
| Albert Grzymała | |
| elder brother | |
| Julian Fontana | |
| Polish | |
| England | |
| England | |
| Albert Grzymała | |
| Albert Grzymała | |
| Julian Fontana | |
| Warsaw Conservatory | |
| Robert Schumann | |
| 26 February 1832 | |
| intimate keyboard technique | |
| his father | |
| Robert Schumann | |
| 26 February 1832 | |
| Rothschild | |
| 1831 | |
| keyboard technique | |
| publishing his works and teaching piano to affluent students | |
| his own Paris apartment for small groups of friends | |
| pianos | |
| Salle Pleyel | |
| Hexameron | |
| Maurice Schlesinger | |
| Adolphe Gutmann | |
| apartment | |
| Liszt and Hiller | |
| Maurice Schlesinger | |
| Felix Mendelssohn | |
| playing and discussing music | |
| Friedrich Wilhelm Schadow | |
| Carlsbad | |
| the Lower Rhenish Music Festival | |
| Hiller | |
| Carlsbad | |
| July 1836 | |
| Countess Wodzińska | |
| Felix Mendelssohn | |
| Düsseldorf | |
| director of the Academy of Art | |
| Maria | |
| Woyciechowski | |
| Herz, Liszt, Hiller | |
| Liszt | |
| 26 February 1832 | |
| Woyciechowski | |
| the Salle Pleyel | |
| 38 Rue de la Chaussée-d'Antin | |
| a few blocks | |
| seven | |
| Harriet Smithson | |
| Salle Pleyel and the Paris Conservatory | |
| 2 April 1833 | |
| the Beethoven Memorial in Bonn | |
| Salle Pleyel and the Paris Conservatory | |
| the Hôtel de France on the Rue Lafitte | |
| seven | |
| Harriet Smithson | |
| love-hate relationship | |
| theatricality, showmanship and success | |
| an apology | |
| my friend Liszt | |
| Op. 10 Études | |
| Marie d'Agoult | |
| Liszt | |
| Liszt | |
| Marie d'Agoult | |
| Hiller | |
| George Sand | |
| Marie d'Agoult | |
| My tragedy | |
| Grzymała | |
| George Sand | |
| his poor health | |
| My tragedy | |
| Marie d'Agoult | |
| 1837 | |
| My tragedy | |
| Grzymała | |
| London | |
| his association with Sand began in earnest | |
| six | |
| miserable | |
| Valldemossa | |
| Camille Pleyel | |
| piano maker | |
| six years | |
| Félicien Mallefille | |
| a former Carthusian monastery | |
| June 1838 | |
| Majorca | |
| Sand's two children | |
| Félicien Mallefille. | |
| a former Carthusian monastery | |
| Three | |
| piano | |
| best possible condition | |
| 3 | |
| December | |
| his bad health | |
| his Pleyel piano | |
| December | |
| Pleyel | |
| bad weather | |
| Canuts | |
| Marseilles | |
| Nohant | |
| Square d'Orléans | |
| the Canuts | |
| Marseilles | |
| Nohant | |
| 5 rue Tronchet | |
| Square d'Orléans | |
| the bad weather | |
| the Canuts. | |
| Marseilles | |
| Square d'Orléans | |
| Nohant | |
| Berlioz's Grande symphonie funèbre et triomphale | |
| tenth | |
| Adolphe Nourrit | |
| organ | |
| Franz Schubert's lied Die Gestirne | |
| Adolphe Nourrit | |
| Franz Schubert's lied Die Gestirne. | |
| Berlioz's Grande symphonie funèbre et triomphale | |
| the July Revolution. | |
| Polonaise in A-flat major, Op. 53 | |
| Pauline Viardot | |
| 7 June 1842 | |
| piano technique and composition | |
| Delacroix and the mezzo-soprano Pauline Viardot | |
| piano technique and composition. | |
| Delacroix | |
| 1842 | |
| Grzymała | |
| Beethoven Seventh Symphony arrangement at Erard's | |
| piano | |
| temporal lobe epilepsy | |
| 1842 | |
| Beethoven Seventh Symphony arrangement | |
| temporal lobe epilepsy | |
| From 1842 onwards | |
| mouth and tonsils | |
| Alkan | |
| Charles Hallé | |
| temporal lobe epilepsy. | |
| Auguste Clésinger | |
| radical political pursuits | |
| third child | |
| Lucrezia Floriani | |
| 1847 | |
| 1846 | |
| Auguste Clésinger | |
| Lucrezia Floriani | |
| Auguste Clésinger. | |
| nurse | |
| Lucrezia Floriani | |
| 1847 | |
| Op. 58 sonata | |
| more refined than many of his earlier compositions | |
| a dozen | |
| six | |
| Op. 58 sonata | |
| six | |
| six shorter pieces | |
| three mazurkas | |
| February 1848 | |
| Auguste Franchomme | |
| February 1848 | |
| Auguste Franchomme | |
| struggle financially. | |
| Auguste Franchomme | |
| Cello | |
| BBC | |
| Angelo Bozzolini and Roberto Prosseda | |
| The Women Behind The Music | |
| BBC | |
| Chopin – The Women Behind The Music | |
| Angelo Bozzolini and Roberto Prosseda | |
| Angelo Bozzolini and Roberto Prosseda | |
| A Song to Remember | |
| Cornel Wilde | |
| 1928 | |
| Hugh Grant | |
| George Sand | |
| A Song to Remember | |
| Cornel Wilde | |
| Pierre Blanchar | |
| Hugh Grant | |
| 1901 | |
| Milan | |
| Giacomo Orefice | |
| Chopin | |
| opera | |
| Giacomo Orefice | |
| 1901. | |
| Milan | |
| Leon Ulrich | |
| Marcel Proust and André Gide | |
| sonnet | |
| sonnet on Chopin by Leon Ulrich | |
| 1830 | |
| English | |
| every five years. | |
| Grand prix du disque de F. Chopin | |
| The New York Times | |
| The Warsaw Chopin Society | |
| every five years. | |
| The New York Times | |
| 1895 | |
| Nocturne in E major Op. 62 No. 2 | |
| Paul Pabst | |
| The British Library | |
| 1895 | |
| Methuen-Campbell | |
| International Chopin Piano Competition | |
| 1927 | |
| Warsaw | |
| every five years | |
| 1,500 | |
| the International Chopin Piano Competition | |
| 1927 | |
| The Fryderyk Chopin Institute of Poland | |
| nearly 1,500 | |
| Chopiniana | |
| Michel Fokine | |
| Les Sylphides | |
| Alexander Glazunov | |
| 1909 | |
| Chopiniana | |
| Michel Fokine | |
| Alexander Glazunov. | |
| Les Sylphides. | |
| London | |
| Jane Stirling | |
| London | |
| Jane Stirling and her elder sister | |
| Jane Stirling | |
| Revolution | |
| Scottish | |
| Dover Street | |
| Broadwood | |
| Stafford House | |
| Queen Victoria and Prince Albert | |
| 7 July | |
| Dover Street | |
| a grand piano. | |
| Queen Victoria and Prince Albert. | |
| piano lessons | |
| Viardot | |
| Scotland | |
| Adam Łyszczyński | |
| Scotland | |
| Glasgow | |
| will | |
| 16 November 1848 | |
| Guildhall | |
| Polish refugees. | |
| terminal | |
| London's Guildhall | |
| Delfina Potocka | |
| Chaillot | |
| Princess Obreskoff | |
| November | |
| Delfina Potocka | |
| Chaillot | |
| Princess Obreskoff. | |
| June 1849 | |
| June 1849 | |
| Place Vendôme 12 | |
| his sister | |
| her husband and daughter | |
| Jane Stirling | |
| to faint | |
| fear of being buried alive | |
| "No longer" | |
| Clésinger | |
| fear of being buried alive | |
| a cast of his left hand. | |
| tuberculosis | |
| Jean Cruveilhier | |
| DNA testing | |
| tuberculosis | |
| Jean Cruveilhier | |
| cystic fibrosis | |
| the Polish government. | |
| Church of the Madeleine | |
| two weeks | |
| Over 3,000 | |
| the Church of the Madeleine in Paris | |
| two weeks | |
| Over 3,000 | |
| Mozart's Requiem | |
| Louis Lefébure-Wély | |
| Prince Adam Czartoryski | |
| Funeral March from Chopin's Piano Sonata No. 2 | |
| Mozart's Requiem | |
| Louis Lefébure-Wély | |
| Père Lachaise Cemetery | |
| Prince Adam Czartoryski | |
| the Funeral March from Chopin's Piano Sonata No. 2 | |
| Clésinger | |
| Euterpe | |
| 5,000 francs | |
| Jane Stirling | |
| alcohol | |
| Clésinger. | |
| 5,000 francs | |
| Jane Stirling | |
| sister | |
| Sand | |
| Over 230 | |
| piano | |
| Over 230 | |
| chamber music. | |
| Clementi | |
| Clementi | |
| Bach and Mozart | |
| Haydn | |
| John Field | |
| ballades and scherzi | |
| nocturne | |
| ballades and scherzi | |
| concert étude | |
| Liszt, Clementi and Moscheles | |
| seven | |
| nine | |
| mazurkas | |
| faster tempos | |
| greater range of melody and expression. | |
| concert hall | |
| the mazurka | |
| nine | |
| waltzes | |
| the Revolutionary Étude | |
| Funeral March | |
| Sonata No. 2 | |
| one | |
| Revolutionary Étude | |
| Minute Waltz | |
| 65 | |
| Julian Fontana | |
| 23 | |
| 17 | |
| 65 | |
| Julian Fontana | |
| 1857 | |
| Krystyna Kobylańska | |
| 1857 | |
| alternative catalogue designations | |
| the Kobylańska Catalogue | |
| KK | |
| Krystyna Kobylańska. | |
| Breitkopf & Härtel | |
| Jan Ekier | |
| original publishers | |
| popular 19th-century piano anthologies. | |
| Paderewski | |
| Jan Ekier | |
| Improvisation | |
| the four-bar phrase | |
| Improvisation | |
| Nicholas Temperley | |
| his flexible handling of the four-bar phrase as a structural unit. | |
| the Barcarolle Op. 60 | |
| the four ballades and four scherzos | |
| departure and return | |
| folk features | |
| straightforward ternary or episodic form, sometimes with a coda. | |
| mazurkas | |
| drone bass | |
| a canon at one beat's distance | |
| triple time | |
| Elsner | |
| martial | |
| formidable | |
| 21 | |
| agitated expression | |
| Field | |
| 1833 | |
| nocturnes | |
| études | |
| straightforward ternary | |
| études | |
| The Well-Tempered Clavier | |
| Kenneth Hamilton | |
| The preludes | |
| J.S. Bach's The Well-Tempered Clavier | |
| generic preludes to others of his pieces | |
| Ferruccio Busoni | |
| four | |
| Kornel Michałowski and Jim Samson | |
| four | |
| The last movement | |
| Op. 58 | |
| Claude Debussy | |
| harmonic innovations | |
| Temperley | |
| independent finger technique | |
| Léon Escudier | |
| his Projet de méthode | |
| Karol Szymanowski | |
| national modes and idioms | |
| Nikolai Zverev | |
| Karol Szymanowski | |
| Alexander Scriabin | |
| Nikolai Zverev | |
| Jonathan Bellman | |
| rigid procedures | |
| "always crescendo to a high note" | |
| hearing in them all the most beautiful things of art | |
| Berlioz | |
| Hiller | |
| rubato | |
| the practice in performance of disregarding strict time | |
| rubato | |
| mazurkas | |
| Friederike Müller | |
| Friederike Müller | |
| rhythm. | |
| sense of nationalism | |
| 1836 | |
| Poland | |
| the failure of the November 1830 | |
| Carolyne zu Sayn-Wittgenstein | |
| polonaises | |
| Schumann | |
| flowers | |
| Carolyne zu Sayn-Wittgenstein | |
| Barbara Milewski | |
| Michał Kleofas Ogiński and Franciszek Lessel | |
| Richard Taruskin | |
| intuitive | |
| freedom | |
| Europe and the New World | |
| Byronic flamboyance | |
| Liszt and Henri Herz | |
| Paris | |
| Arthur Hutchings | |
| Carnaval | |
| Ballade No. 2 in F major | |
| six | |
| Alkan | |
| qualities as a pianist and composer | |
| Carnaval | |
| Ballade No. 2 in F major | |
| Liszt | |
| Debussy | |
| Jacques Durand | |
| Raoul Koczalski | |
| Chopin's | |
| Mainland Chinese scholars | |
| horse trade | |
| 1402–1424 | |
| Deshin Shekpa | |
| the Karma Kagyu school | |
| Nepal | |
| armed resistance | |
| the Mongols | |
| the Ganden Phodrang | |
| 1578 | |
| the 9th century | |
| The Yarlung rulers of Tibet | |
| the borders between Tibet and China | |
| Tibet | |
| 821 | |
| 907–960 | |
| 960–1279 | |
| Song dynasty | |
| the Khitan | |
| Jurchen | |
| Genghis Khan | |
| Ögedei Khan | |
| 1229–1241 | |
| Ögedei Khan | |
| Godan | |
| Sakya Pandita | |
| Töregene Khatun | |
| 1241–1246 | |
| thirteen | |
| Khagan | |
| Ögedei Khan | |
| Karma Pakshi | |
| the Phagpa lama | |
| 1279 | |
| 1271–1368 | |
| the Yuan dynasty | |
| universal rule | |
| China | |
| 1358 | |
| the Mongols in Tibet | |
| the Phagmodru myriarch Tai Situ Changchub Gyaltsen | |
| the Phagmodrupa Dynasty | |
| Zhu Yuanzhang | |
| the Red Turban Rebellion | |
| Zhu Yuanzhang | |
| 1368–1398 | |
| Yuan officeholders | |
| Rolpe Dorje | |
| Rolpe Dorje | |
| the Buddhist link between Tibet and China | |
| disciples | |
| Ming government | |
| 1402–1424 | |
| the Yongle Emperor | |
| 1644–1912 | |
| 1739 | |
| É-Lì-Sī Army-Civilian Marshal Office | |
| seventeen Qianhu offices | |
| western Tibet | |
| three | |
| Tai Situ Changchub Gyaltsen | |
| Tai Situ Changchub Gyaltsen | |
| Turrell V. Wylie | |
| Tibet | |
| Morris Rossabi | |
| historian Tsepon W. D. Shakabpa | |
| Wang Jiawei and Nyima Gyaincain | |
| Wang and Nyima | |
| 1371 | |
| princes | |
| imperial edicts | |
| Journalist and author Thomas Laird | |
| the British | |
| the government viewpoint of the People's Republic of China | |
| A Mongol dynasty of China | |
| the line of Mongol rulers in China | |
| a non-Chinese polity | |
| Rossabi | |
| 1271 to 1368 | |
| 1311–1320 | |
| a licensed border market | |
| the Mongols and other ethnicities | |
| the Ming | |
| the General of the Ngari Military and Civil Wanhu Office | |
| Ming dynasty's Ü-Tsang Commanding Office | |
| Beijing | |
| Chen Qingying | |
| 1,000 households | |
| 10,000 households | |
| John Powers | |
| ruling lamas | |
| subordinates | |
| the Tarim Basin and oasis of Turpan | |
| foreign officials | |
| Education Minister | |
| Degsi | |
| Phagmodrupa Dynasty | |
| Wang and Nyima | |
| The Tai Situpa | |
| Changchub Gyaltsen | |
| Van Praag | |
| the University of Washington | |
| all traces of Mongol suzerainty | |
| Sagya Gyaincain | |
| the Ming officer of Hezhou | |
| Jamyang Shakya Gyaltsen | |
| the Ming officer of Hezhou | |
| to the Ming court | |
| the Phagmodrupa | |
| 1434 | |
| 1642 | |
| hegemonies | |
| the Karmapa Kargyu | |
| Mongol | |
| Je Tsongkhapa | |
| the Ming Yongle Emperor | |
| Tsongkhapa | |
| 1407 | |
| 1413 | |
| his disciple Chosrje Shākya Yeshes | |
| 1414 | |
| Dawa Norbu | |
| eastern Tibetan princes | |
| an army | |
| Tibet | |
| Yang Sanbao | |
| Tibet | |
| 1413 | |
| the allegiance of various Tibetan princes | |
| to maintain the loyalty of neighboring vassal states | |
| the Ming court | |
| 1430s | |
| the Mingshi or the Mingshi Lu | |
| various lamas | |
| the Phagmodru myriarchy | |
| Melvyn C. Goldstein | |
| 1435–1565 | |
| Melvyn C. Goldstein | |
| 1565–1642 | |
| 1398–1402 | |
| the Buddhist monk Yao Guangxiao | |
| the Hongwu Emperor | |
| March 10, 1403 | |
| Hou Xian and the Buddhist monk Zhi Guang | |
| to seek out the Karmapa | |
| 1407 | |
| through Qinghai or via the Silk Road to Khotan | |
| 1403 | |
| Nanjing | |
| the Karmapa | |
| Kublai | |
| the Yongle Emperor | |
| Linggu Temple | |
| Nanjing | |
| Great Treasure Prince of Dharma | |
| religious leaders of other Tibetan Buddhist sects | |
| the Mongols | |
| religious purposes | |
| to send a military force into Tibet | |
| to forcibly give the Karmapa authority over all the Tibetan Buddhist schools | |
| Deshin Shekpa | |
| Jianwen Emperor | |
| Deshin Shekpa | |
| Deshin Shekpa's miracles | |
| Chinese Communist historians | |
| Buddhist artifacts | |
| Josef Kolmaš | |
| 1435–1449 | |
| The Information Office of the State Council of the PRC | |
| the Karmapa | |
| Great Treasure Prince of Dharma | |
| after the latter's agent had brought holy relics to the Ming court | |
| the Karmapa hierarchs | |
| 1446 | |
| 1415 | |
| the Karmapa | |
| to facilitate trade with Tibet | |
| tea, horses, and salt | |
| through Sichuan and crossed Shangri-La County in Yunnan | |
| to secure urgently needed horses | |
| Silk workshops | |
| Tibetan Buddhist | |
| the Ming | |
| a mandatory "corvée" tax | |
| Tibet | |
| Altan Khan | |
| the Oirat Mongol confederation's hegemony | |
| the Ming dynasty | |
| Altan Khan | |
| the 14th century | |
| November 1378 | |
| 30,000 | |
| 200,000 | |
| Ming general Qu Neng | |
| recovery of the Ordos region | |
| the Mongols | |
| Ming China | |
| to help stabilize border regions and protect trade routes | |
| divide-and-rule | |
| after the Sakya regime had fallen | |
| fifth Karmapa | |
| many different Tibetan lamas | |
| the Phagmodrupa | |
| 1498 | |
| New Years ceremonies and prayers | |
| 1518 | |
| 1505–1521 | |
| the company of lamas | |
| Mikyö Dorje | |
| Chinese writers of the early 20th century | |
| China's intervening Ming dynasty | |
| the 13th century | |
| the 18th century | |
| the Qing dynasty | |
| the Chinese central government | |
| the Tibetan lamas and Mongol khans | |
| the Republic of China and its Communist successors | |
| the California Academy of Sciences in San Francisco | |
| the Mongols | |
| patron and priest relationship | |
| the 13th century | |
| the Ming dynasty | |
| 1981 | |
| the Ming | |
| the central government of China | |
| 1521–1567 | |
| the native Chinese ideology of Daoism | |
| the Tibetan lamas | |
| Yang Tinghe | |
| Yang Tinghe | |
| Jiajing | |
| Neo-Confucian establishment | |
| the Portuguese embassy | |
| Tibetan Buddhism and lamas | |
| Jiajing | |
| the Kokonor region | |
| the Ming Chinese frontier | |
| the Ming | |
| 1571 | |
| the third hierarch of the Gelug—Sönam Gyatso | |
| the native Mongol practices of shamanism and blood sacrifice | |
| the Mongol princes and subjects | |
| execution | |
| the Dalai Lama | |
| Committed to their religious leader | |
| Tümen Khan | |
| the great-grandson of Altan Khan | |
| the 5th Dalai Lama | |
| In 1642 | |
| Sonam Gyatso | |
| Altan Khan | |
| Zhang Juzheng | |
| Zhang Juzheng | |
| Mongolia | |
| the third Dalai Lama | |
| pay tribute | |
| the title Dorjichang or Vajradhara Dalai Lama | |
| the fifth Dalai Lama | |
| the fifth Panchen Lama | |
| Master of Vajradhara | |
| Yonten Gyatso | |
| 1616 | |
| Yonten Gyatso | |
| he died | |
| the Mongols | |
| their old vassal of Tibet | |
| 1642 | |
| the Ming court | |
| 1565 | |
| Karma Phuntsok Namgyal | |
| 1611–1621 | |
| the Karmapa | |
| The fourth Dalai Lama | |
| the Mongol prince Güshi Khan | |
| protector | |
| the Gelugpas | |
| Amdo | |
| 1642 | |
| Lozang Gyatso | |
| his conquest of Tibet | |
| the Dalai Lama | |
| the regent Sonam Chöpel | |
| Güshi Khan | |
| the rebellion of Li Zicheng | |
| the Dalai Lama | |
| Shunzhi | |
| the Dzungar Mongols | |
| the Kangxi Emperor | |
| 1720 | |
| 1751 | |
| 1735–1796 | |
| Apple | |
| October 23, 2001 | |
| three | |
| portable media players | |
| touchscreen | |
| 2001 | |
| Apple | |
| 3 | |
| Shuffle | |
| 2015 | |
| data storage | |
| 2 GB | |
| 128 GB | |
| iPod Shuffle | |
| iPod Touch | |
| 2 GB | |
| 128 GB | |
| iTunes | |
| Apple Macintosh and Microsoft Windows | |
| iTunes | |
| one | |
| iPhone | |
| iOS 5 | |
| 2010 | |
| "Music" and "Videos" | |
| A8 | |
| sixth | |
| sixth | |
| 2015 | |
| A8 | |
| 5 | |
| 2001 | |
| 2004 | |
| Jon Rubinstein | |
| Braun T3 transistor radio | |
| 5 GB | |
| 2001 | |
| 5 GB | |
| the Walkman | |
| Jon Rubinstein | |
| Toshiba | |
| Pixo | |
| Chicago | |
| 2007 | |
| Helvetica | |
| Steve Jobs | |
| PortalPlayer | |
| Helvetica | |
| 2006 | |
| U2 | |
| black | |
| video | |
| U2 | |
| black | |
| 2006 | |
| Burst.com | |
| Kane Kramer | |
| UK | |
| 1981 | |
| IXI | |
| Burst.com | |
| IXI | |
| Kane Kramer | |
| Vinnie Chieco | |
| freelance copywriter | |
| 2001: A Space Odyssey | |
| Joseph N. Grasso | |
| 2005 | |
| 2001: A Space Odyssey | |
| Vinnie Chieco | |
| Joseph N. Grasso | |
| mid-2015 | |
| Pierre Dandumont | |
| 12.2 | |
| 12.2 | |
| Pierre Dandumont | |
| weak bass response | |
| high-impedance | |
| external headphone amplifier | |
| bass | |
| undersized DC-blocking capacitors | |
| Bass | |
| R&B, Rock, Acoustic, and Bass Booster | |
| clipping | |
| 2006 | |
| R&B, Rock, Acoustic, and Bass Booster | |
| hearing loss | |
| EU | |
| 100 dB | |
| France | |
| 100 dB | |
| France | |
| FireWire | |
| power adapter | |
| FireWire | |
| third generation | |
| 30-pin dock connector | |
| fifth | |
| fourth | |
| 3.5 mm minijack | |
| third generation | |
| Shuffle | |
| FireWire | |
| USB | |
| iPod Hi-Fi | |
| Belkin and Griffin | |
| dock connector | |
| paying royalties | |
| third parties | |
| iPod Hi-Fi | |
| Lightning | |
| seventh generation iPod Nano | |
| 30 | |
| 8 | |
| both sides | |
| Lightning | |
| fifth generation | |
| iPod Hi-Fi | |
| Nike+iPod pedometer | |
| Griffin Technology, Belkin, JBL, Bose, Monster Cable, and SendStation | |
| TV | |
| Nike | |
| Apple | |
| BMW | |
| 2005 | |
| Scion | |
| BMW | |
| Scion | |
| JVC, Pioneer, Kenwood, Alpine, Sony, and Harman Kardon | |
| FM | |
| audio input jacks | |
| FM transmitters | |
| audio input jacks | |
| United, Continental, Delta, and Emirates | |
| individual seat-back displays | |
| KLM and Air France | |
| United, Continental, Delta, and Emirates | |
| 2007 | |
| Apple Lossless | |
| iPod photo | |
| WMA | |
| Digital Rights Management | |
| Mac OS | |
| MP3, AAC/M4A, Protected AAC, AIFF, WAV, Audible audiobook, and Apple Lossless | |
| iPod photo | |
| one | |
| library | |
| host computer | |
| five | |
| click wheel | |
| earphone cable | |
| touch screen | |
| iPhone | |
| five | |
| Shuffle | |
| iPhone | |
| April 29, 2003 | |
| iTunes | |
| October 12, 2005 | |
| September 12, 2006 | |
| 2003 | |
| 2005 | |
| 2006 | |
| AAC | |
| five | |
| iTunes Plus | |
| January 6, 2009 | |
| April 2009 | |
| AAC | |
| FairPlay | |
| iTunes Plus | |
| 2009 | |
| Napster and MSN Music | |
| iPods | |
| DRM | |
| Universal Music Group | |
| iTunes Store | |
| 2007 | |
| The Beat Goes On... | |
| September 5, 2007 | |
| 2007 | |
| iPhone | |
| iPods | |
| Brick | |
| Steve Wozniak | |
| Parachute, Solitaire, and Music Quiz | |
| easter egg | |
| Brick | |
| Parachute, Solitaire, and Music Quiz | |
| 2006 | |
| iTunes 7 | |
| 5th generation | |
| 4th generation | |
| 2006 | |
| fifth | |
| Namco, Square Enix, Electronic Arts, Sega, and Hudson Soft | |
| video game handheld console market | |
| GamePro and EGM | |
| .ipg | |
| .zip | |
| software development kit | |
| iOS | |
| .ipg | |
| iPod Touch and iPhone | |
| not | |
| iTunes | |
| third-party | |
| iTunes | |
| DRM | |
| iTunes 7 | |
| hidden | |
| host | |
| manual | |
| 2005 | |
| patent infringement | |
| Sony, RealNetworks, Napster, and Musicmatch | |
| Ho Keung Tse | |
| Advanced Audio Devices | |
| FairPlay | |
| rotational user inputs | |
| August 2005 | |
| Creative Technology | |
| Zen Patent | |
| United States International Trade Commission | |
| rotational user inputs | |
| Creative Technology | |
| August 24, 2006 | |
| $100 million | |
| Made for iPod | |
| $100 million | |
| the Made for iPod program | |
| 90% | |
| 2004 | |
| 72.7% | |
| Bloomberg Online | |
| 90% | |
| 70% | |
| 74% | |
| January 8, 2004 | |
| Hewlett-Packard | |
| Wal-Mart | |
| 5% | |
| unfavorable | |
| HP | |
| hundred million | |
| 32% | |
| Mac computers | |
| $5.2 billion | |
| 2007 | |
| 32% | |
| $6.22 billion | |
| 19.22% | |
| $3.5 billion | |
| $15.4 billion | |
| $3.5 billion | |
| January 22, 2008 | |
| $1.58 billion | |
| 21% | |
| 42% | |
| Peter Oppenheimer | |
| 2009 | |
| 14.21% | |
| 220 million | |
| 2013 | |
| fourth | |
| favorable | |
| Sony Ericsson and Nokia | |
| WMA | |
| PC World | |
| Sony Ericsson and Nokia | |
| PC World | |
| business | |
| communication and training | |
| Royal and Western Infirmaries | |
| Glasgow, Scotland | |
| Duke | |
| Entertainment Weekly | |
| Duke | |
| Entertainment Weekly | |
| the Album Era | |
| music industry | |
| digital music storage | |
| the Album Era | |
| 14 hours | |
| MP3.com | |
| 2003 | |
| battery life | |
| 8 hours | |
| third-party vendors | |
| refurbished replacement iPod | |
| lithium-ion | |
| batteries | |
| lithium-ion | |
| battery replacement program | |
| $99 | |
| soldering tools | |
| Fifth generation | |
| 2003 | |
| $99 | |
| Nano | |
| battery | |
| Apple product replacement program | |
| short life-span and fragile hard drives | |
| MacInTouch | |
| 13.7% | |
| late 2005 | |
| protective sleeves | |
| flash memory | |
| screen | |
| The Mail on Sunday | |
| Apple's Code of Conduct | |
| 25 | |
| The Mail | |
| 35% | |
| Verité | |
| Electronic Industry Code of Conduct Implementation Group | |
| Foxconn | |
| Longhua, Shenzhen | |
| Foxconn | |
| Verité | |
| 2006 | |
| 2010 | |
| Apple prototype | |
| 2010 | |
| innovation | |
| HFS+ | |
| FAT32 | |
| action-adventure | |
| GameCube and Wii | |
| November 2006 | |
| December 2006 | |
| Nintendo | |
| 2005 | |
| 2006 | |
| Link | |
| Hyrule | |
| Midna | |
| Link | |
| Midna | |
| The Wind Waker | |
| Game of the Year | |
| Nintendo Selects | |
| March 2016 | |
| Twilight Princess | |
| several | |
| 2006 | |
| 2016 | |
| combat, exploration, and item collection | |
| Ocarina of Time | |
| L-targeting | |
| sword | |
| Clawshot | |
| action-adventure | |
| Ocarina of Time | |
| sword and shield | |
| L-targeting | |
| one | |
| on-screen display | |
| on the ground | |
| context-sensitive button mechanic | |
| on-screen display | |
| Wii Remote | |
| chime | |
| Wii Remote | |
| Nunchuk | |
| two | |
| motion | |
| Wii Remote | |
| nine | |
| enemies | |
| overworld | |
| Epona | |
| puzzles | |
| boss | |
| overworld | |
| Wolf | |
| biting | |
| Poes | |
| Midna | |
| human | |
| Wolf | |
| small imp-like creature | |
| enemy ghosts | |
| artificial intelligence | |
| The Wind Waker | |
| react | |
| artificial intelligence | |
| Link | |
| nods and facial expressions | |
| Midna | |
| Akiko Kōmoto | |
| Japan | |
| grunts | |
| nods and facial expressions | |
| Midna | |
| Akiko Kōmoto | |
| ranch hand | |
| children | |
| Midna | |
| Tears of Light | |
| Ordon Village | |
| Bulblins | |
| Tears of Light | |
| Fused Shadows | |
| Zant | |
| Master Sword | |
| Zelda | |
| Lanayru | |
| Fused Shadows | |
| Zant | |
| Master Sword | |
| Zelda | |
| Shadow Crystal | |
| Mirror of Twilight | |
| Ganondorf | |
| Hyrule Castle | |
| Zelda's | |
| Shadow Crystal | |
| Gerudo Desert | |
| Midna | |
| Ganondorf | |
| beast | |
| helmet | |
| Ordon Village | |
| Zelda | |
| chest | |
| Light Spirits | |
| Link and Zelda | |
| Midna's helmet | |
| Mirror of Twilight | |
| 2003 | |
| Game Developers Conference | |
| North American | |
| horseback combat | |
| 2003 | |
| Eiji Aonuma | |
| horseback combat | |
| four | |
| Electronic Entertainment Expo 2004 | |
| Nintendo DS | |
| Phantom Hourglass | |
| 2004 | |
| rabbit | |
| The Minish Cap | |
| Revolution | |
| Miyamoto | |
| Mitsuhiro Takano | |
| Wii Remote | |
| pointing-based | |
| 2005 | |
| Satoru Iwata | |
| 2005 | |
| GameCube | |
| E3 2005 | |
| Wii | |
| At E3 2005 | |
| swinging gesture | |
| NGC Magazine | |
| Wii controller | |
| 2006 | |
| a month | |
| NGC Magazine | |
| E3 2006 | |
| control scheme | |
| sword | |
| E3 attendees | |
| right | |
| comfort and ease | |
| Toru Minegishi and Asuka Ohta | |
| Koji Kondo | |
| Michiru Ōshima | |
| Koji Kondo | |
| Michiru Ōshima | |
| Yasuzo Takemoto | |
| live | |
| 50 | |
| November 19, 2006 | |
| Nintendo Power | |
| Media | |
| November 19, 2006 | |
| soundtrack | |
| buffer overflow vulnerability | |
| Executable and Linkable Format | |
| 4.0 | |
| Twilight Hack | |
| 3.3 and 3.4 | |
| 4.0 | |
| Tantalus Media | |
| Wii U | |
| November 12, 2015 | |
| March 5, 2016 | |
| The Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess HD | |
| Tantalus Media | |
| Amiibo | |
| March 4, 2016 | |
| Wolf Link Amiibo figurine | |
| Link and Toon Link | |
| Zelda and Sheik | |
| Ganondorf | |
| Cave of Shadows | |
| Wolf Link Amiibo | |
| Cave of Shadows | |
| Link and Toon | |
| Zelda and Sheik | |
| GameStop | |
| 20 | |
| Japan, Europe, and Australia | |
| CD | |
| perfect | |
| GameRankings and Metacritic | |
| GameTrailers | |
| universal critical acclaim | |
| perfect | |
| 95 | |
| GameTrailers | |
| IGN and GameSpy | |
| Jeff Gerstmann | |
| GameSpot | |
| Javier Glickman | |
| Hyper | |
| IGN and GameSpy | |
| Gaming Nexus | |
| Javier Glickman | |
| GameCube | |
| 16th | |
| 4th | |
| third | |
| IGN and Nintendo Power | |
| Best Console Game | |
| 16th | |
| 4th | |
| PAL | |
| 5.82 million | |
| 1.32 million | |
| PAL region | |
| 5.82 million | |
| 1.32 million | |
| Akira Himekawa | |
| Japan | |
| Shogakukan | |
| mobile | |
| Eon Productions | |
| Daniel Craig | |
| James Bond | |
| Skyfall | |
| $245 | |
| twenty-four | |
| Spectre | |
| four | |
| Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer and Columbia Pictures | |
| Sam Mendes | |
| Spectre | |
| Diamonds Are Forever | |
| M, Q and Eve Moneypenny | |
| Dave Bautista | |
| Lucia Sciarra | |
| M, Q and Eve Moneypenny | |
| Léa Seydoux | |
| Dave Bautista | |
| 1971 | |
| 26 October 2015 | |
| Royal Albert Hall in London | |
| 6 November 2015 | |
| action sequences and cinematography | |
| Best Original Song | |
| Skyfall | |
| Writing's on the Wall | |
| Day of the Dead | |
| M | |
| C | |
| Nine Eyes | |
| Garreth Mallory | |
| Day of the Dead | |
| MI5 and MI6 | |
| his ring | |
| Rome | |
| Spectre | |
| Franz Oberhauser | |
| assassin | |
| Moneypenny | |
| Rome | |
| Franz Oberhauser | |
| Mr. Hinx | |
| Franz Oberhauser | |
| thallium poisoning | |
| Dr. Madeline Swann | |
| commits suicide | |
| Hoffler Klinik | |
| Tangier | |
| thallium poisoning. | |
| his daughter, Dr. Madeline Swann | |
| Tangier. | |
| Hinx. | |
| train | |
| Hannes | |
| Ernst Stavro Blofeld | |
| Ernst Stavro Blofeld | |
| the old MI6 building | |
| Blofeld | |
| Westminster Bridge | |
| C | |
| Q | |
| C | |
| SPecial Executive for Counter-intelligence, Terrorism, Revenge and Extortion | |
| Ian Fleming and Kevin McClory | |
| 1963 | |
| Never Say Never Again | |
| Warhead 2000 A.D. | |
| 1963 | |
| Never Say Never Again | |
| Thunderball. | |
| MGM | |
| SPECTRE | |
| Eon Productions | |
| 2013 | |
| MGM | |
| Spectre | |
| Danjaq | |
| Sony Pictures Entertainment | |
| hackers | |
| John Logan | |
| Eon Productions | |
| November 2014 | |
| John Logan | |
| Eon Productions | |
| Christoph Waltz | |
| 1983 | |
| Neal Purvis and Robert Wade | |
| Quantum | |
| Octopussy | |
| Charmian Bond | |
| Octopussy | |
| Christoph Waltz. | |
| Quantum of Solace | |
| Spectre | |
| Hildebrand Rarities and Antiques | |
| Kingsley Amis | |
| The Hildebrand Rarity | |
| For Your Eyes Only | |
| Blofeld | |
| Hildebrand Rarities and Antiques | |
| December 2014 | |
| Ralph Fiennes | |
| Naomie Harris | |
| Ben Whishaw | |
| Rory Kinnear | |
| four | |
| Rory Kinnear | |
| Ralph Fiennes, Naomie Harris and Ben Whishaw | |
| Franz Oberhauser | |
| Ernst Stavro Blofeld | |
| Bérénice Lim Marlohe | |
| Quantum of Solace | |
| fifty | |
| Bérénice Lim Marlohe | |
| Quantum of Solace. | |
| fifteen hundred | |
| Alessandro Cremona | |
| Stephanie Sigman | |
| February 2015 | |
| Mexico | |
| Austria. | |
| Alessandro Cremona | |
| Estrella | |
| John Glen | |
| Dennis Gassner | |
| Roger Deakins | |
| Skyfall and Spectre | |
| Spectre | |
| Spectre | |
| John Glen | |
| six | |
| London, Mexico City and Rome | |
| Kodak 35 mm | |
| Pinewood Studios | |
| seven months. | |
| Kodak 35 mm film stock | |
| Pinewood Studios | |
| December 2014 | |
| February 2015 | |
| Ice Q Restaurant | |
| knee | |
| Ice Q Restaurant | |
| Austrian Alps. | |
| Rettenbach glacier | |
| Ponte Sisto bridge and the Roman Forum | |
| Williams | |
| Jaguar | |
| four | |
| Blenheim Palace in Oxfordshire | |
| the Ponte Sisto bridge | |
| Aston Martin DB10 and a Jaguar C-X75 | |
| Williams | |
| Jaguar. | |
| Mexico City | |
| Day of the Dead | |
| the Zócalo and the Centro Histórico district | |
| 1,500 | |
| Palenque | |
| the Day of the Dead festival | |
| a Messerschmitt-Bölkow-Blohm Bo 105 helicopter | |
| Zócalo and the Centro Histórico district | |
| New York | |
| 22 April | |
| New York | |
| Westminster and Lambeth Bridges | |
| London Fire Brigade | |
| Thames | |
| Vauxhall Cross | |
| Westminster and Lambeth Bridges | |
| The London Fire Brigade | |
| Covent Garden. | |
| night | |
| Oujda, Tangier and Erfoud | |
| Largest film stunt explosion | |
| Chris Corbould | |
| 128 days | |
| Morocco | |
| Largest film stunt explosion | |
| 128 days. | |
| Chris Corbould | |
| $20 million | |
| Michael G. Wilson | |
| India | |
| Istanbul | |
| Thomas Newman | |
| 23 October 2015 | |
| Decca Records | |
| Thomas Newman | |
| Decca Records | |
| during filming. | |
| July 2015 | |
| Writing's on the Wall | |
| one | |
| demo | |
| Sam Smith | |
| 25 September 2015 | |
| Skyfall | |
| Shirley Bassey | |
| Radiohead | |
| Adele | |
| Shirley Bassey | |
| Radiohead | |
| Aston Martin and Eon | |
| 10 | |
| Williams F1 | |
| promotional work | |
| 10 | |
| 007 | |
| clapperboards | |
| Skyfall | |
| Eon's official social media accounts. | |
| Skyfall | |
| Comic Relief's Red Nose Day | |
| BBC One | |
| July | |
| March 2015 | |
| Comic Relief's Red Nose Day | |
| David Walliams and the Dawson Brothers | |
| Royal Albert Hall | |
| 26 October 2015 | |
| Skyfall | |
| Mission: Impossible – Rogue Nation | |
| Spectre. | |
| $879.3 million | |
| $199.8 million | |
| $138.1 million | |
| £41.7 million ($63.8 million) | |
| Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban | |
| Avatar | |
| $9.2 million | |
| Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban | |
| Avatar | |
| The Dark Knight | |
| Paris | |
| 4% | |
| Spider-Man 3 | |
| $8.2 million | |
| Spider-Man 3 | |
| Minions | |
| 374 | |
| $70.4 million | |
| $5.25 | |
| Skyfall | |
| 374 | |
| Thursday | |
| 12 November | |
| 198% | |
| 75% | |
| $84.7 million | |
| Mission: Impossible – Rogue Nation | |
| $84.7 million | |
| 60 out of 100 | |
| 48 | |
| 64% | |
| Audiences | |
| 64 | |
| 60 out of 100 | |
| Robbie Collin | |
| IGN | |
| four out of five stars | |
| four out of five | |
| Scott Mendelson | |
| Mick LaSalle | |
| 75 | |
| Skyfall | |
| Christopher Orr | |
| Bored | |
| The Washington Post | |
| Bored, James Bored | |
| Indian Central Board of Film Certification | |
| Twitter. | |
| Craig | |
| spring 2016 | |
| spring 2016. | |
| 2008 | |
| the Great Sichuan earthquake | |
| 69,197 | |
| 2008 | |
| 8.0 Ms and 7.9 Mw | |
| May 12 | |
| 02:28:01 PM China Standard Time | |
| 69,197 | |
| Beijing and Shanghai | |
| 19 km | |
| months after | |
| the Wenchuan earthquake | |
| Wenchuan County, Sichuan | |
| 80 kilometres | |
| 19 km | |
| 69,197 | |
| 68,636 | |
| 4.8 million | |
| 15 million | |
| 1 trillion RMB | |
| 68,636 | |
| 374,176 | |
| 18,222 | |
| 4.8 million | |
| 11 million | |
| Wenchuan County, Ngawa Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture | |
| 2 minutes | |
| 80% | |
| 8.0 Ms and 7.9 Mw | |
| 2 minutes | |
| almost 80% | |
| Longmenshan fault | |
| along the border of the Indo-Australian Plate and Eurasian Plate | |
| 120 sec | |
| 10 km | |
| Longmenshan fault | |
| Yingxiu-Beichuan fracture | |
| first 80 sec. | |
| 9 meters | |
| April 30, 2008 | |
| 1972 | |
| written report | |
| significant earthquake in Ngawa Prefecture | |
| around May 8 | |
| droughts | |
| reports predicting the earthquake | |
| up to 9 meters | |
| Tom Parsons | |
| 9 meters | |
| 240 km long | |
| 20 km deep | |
| northeastern and southwestern ends | |
| high risk | |
| 6,000 people | |
| in two stages | |
| Longmenshan Fault | |
| shallowness of the epicenter | |
| 30 times | |
| firmness of the terrain | |
| Between 64 and 104 | |
| within 72 hours of the main quake. | |
| on August 5, 2008 | |
| Between 64 and 104 | |
| 42,719 | |
| 6.4 MS | |
| 246 | |
| August 5, 2008 | |
| August 30, 2008 | |
| southern Sichuan | |
| because it was caused by a different fault. | |
| 2008 Panzhihua earthquake | |
| southern Sichuan | |
| Ms 6.1 | |
| Panzhihua earthquake | |
| CEA | |
| XI | |
| very destructive | |
| very disastrous | |
| Yingxiu, Wenchuan | |
| the eastern border of the Tibetan Plateau | |
| 3.5 metres | |
| 3 metres | |
| 2 metres | |
| 2.3 metres | |
| Tibetan Plateau | |
| Longmen Shan Fault System | |
| 3.5 metres | |
| 3.5 metres | |
| 4.8 metres | |
| Shanghai's financial district | |
| calm | |
| 10 minutes | |
| Chengdu Shuangliu International Airport | |
| May 12 | |
| evacuated | |
| Chengdu Shuangliu International Airport | |
| disruption in air traffic services | |
| relief operations | |
| in Chengdu | |
| Beijing | |
| Hui County, Gansu | |
| caught on fire | |
| cracks on walls | |
| office towers | |
| venues | |
| Hui County, Gansu | |
| rail was distorted | |
| All of the highways | |
| 80% | |
| Dujiangyan | |
| 60 | |
| All of the highways | |
| delayed arrival | |
| 80% | |
| two chemical plants | |
| fewer than 60 | |
| southwestern China | |
| Copper | |
| oil | |
| suspended trading | |
| southwestern China | |
| Copper | |
| Shenzhen Stock Exchange | |
| mobile and terrestrial | |
| internet | |
| months | |
| telecommunications | |
| Sichuan area | |
| the government | |
| news and media websites | |
| major news and media | |
| 2,300 | |
| more than 700 | |
| 2,300 | |
| traffic congestion | |
| Half | |
| China Unicom | |
| 700 | |
| the Wolong National Nature Reserve | |
| around 280 | |
| 31 | |
| 2 | |
| Wolong National Nature Reserve | |
| Six | |
| five | |
| Mao Mao | |
| Hydropower Plant | |
| 20 km east | |
| 2,000 | |
| 391 | |
| Zipingpu Hydropower Plant | |
| 20 km | |
| less severe | |
| Tulong reservoir | |
| 391 | |
| 69,180 | |
| 68,636 | |
| 18,498 | |
| 374,176 | |
| 158 | |
| 68,636 | |
| 69,180 | |
| 18,498 | |
| 374,176 | |
| tried to repair roads | |
| 2,300 | |
| in Wenchuan | |
| 9,000 | |
| 3,000 to 5,000 | |
| 10,000 | |
| 2,300 | |
| about 9,000 | |
| 3,000 to 5,000 | |
| 10,000 | |
| Eight schools | |
| Health care | |
| Gao Qiang | |
| public health care system in China is insufficient | |
| neglected and untouched | |
| inland areas | |
| insufficient | |
| medical treatment | |
| thousands | |
| seven | |
| 1,700 | |
| 7,000 | |
| 700 | |
| shoddy construction | |
| seven | |
| 1,700 | |
| 7,000 | |
| 600 | |
| December 2008 | |
| May 7, 2009 | |
| 5,335 | |
| 546 | |
| May 7, 2009 | |
| Ai Weiwei | |
| 5,335 | |
| 546 | |
| fertility clinics | |
| 5 million | |
| 11 million | |
| 12.5 million | |
| 1 million | |
| at least 5 million | |
| 11 million | |
| 12.5 million animals | |
| a million | |
| Reginald DesRoches | |
| professor of civil and environmental engineering | |
| 1976 | |
| Tangshan earthquake | |
| an international reconnaissance team of engineers was dispatched to the region | |
| make a detailed preliminary survey of damaged buildings | |
| a variety of reasons why many constructions failed to withstand the earthquake. | |
| team of engineers | |
| survey of damaged buildings | |
| variety of reasons | |
| the poorer, rural villages | |
| Swaminathan Krishnan | |
| rural part | |
| not designed | |
| very strong | |
| regulations | |
| $75 billion | |
| minor damage | |
| US$75 billion | |
| Chinese history | |
| five largest cities | |
| 420,000 | |
| 6.0 Mw | |
| 1000 | |
| more than 420,000 | |
| 63 | |
| Qingchuan, Sichuan | |
| Wei Hong | |
| 200,000 | |
| 1.94 million | |
| 1,300 | |
| Wei Hong | |
| 90,000 | |
| 200,000 | |
| 685,000 | |
| 1.94 million | |
| Premier Wen Jiabao | |
| geomechanics | |
| the rescue work | |
| 50,000 | |
| 90 minutes after | |
| ten | |
| 50,000 | |
| proximity of the quake's epicenter | |
| Level II emergency contingency plan | |
| the most serious class of natural disasters | |
| at 22:15 CST, May 12 | |
| Level II emergency | |
| most serious | |
| Level II | |
| National Disaster Relief Commission | |
| 184 | |
| 12 | |
| 150 | |
| 22 | |
| earthquake emergency relief | |
| 184 | |
| 150 | |
| Armed Police General Hospital | |
| in two military transport planes | |
| a close analysis by an alleged Chinese construction engineer | |
| Book Blade | |
| China Digital Times | |
| Book Blade | |
| Children's Day | |
| living in relief centres | |
| performed ceremonies | |
| rubble of schools | |
| June 1 | |
| in relief centres | |
| more than $48.6 million | |
| 10 million yuan | |
| 48.6 million | |
| 10 million yuan each | |
| $457 million | |
| 19 countries | |
| four | |
| Saudi Arabia | |
| €40,000,000 | |
| 83 million | |
| Saudi Arabia | |
| four | |
| a counterpart support plan | |
| 3 years | |
| counterpart support plan | |
| one province to one affected county | |
| 3 years | |
| one percent | |
| that the sudden shift of a huge quantity of water into the region could have relaxed the tension between the two sides of the fault, allowing them to move apart, and could have increased the direct pressure on it, causing a violent rupture | |
| Zipingpu Dam | |
| 25 times more | |
| The government | |
| seismically active | |
| access to seismological and geological data | |
| opportunities for researchers to retrofit data in order to model future earthquake predictions | |
| the time of the 2008 Sichuan earthquake | |
| time prediction method | |
| statistics | |
| that earthquake prediction was a global issue | |
| no proven methods exist | |
| a global issue | |
| no prediction notification | |
| did not see anything | |
| In 2002 | |
| Chen Xuezhong | |
| Chen Xuezhong | |
| 2002 | |
| over 7.0 | |
| over 30 years | |
| 30 years | |
| no consensus | |
| statistics | |
| Earthquake prediction | |
| the Taipei Fire Department | |
| over 300 | |
| the traffic problem | |
| donating cash | |
| landslides | |
| Tibetan village of Sier | |
| landslides | |
| 20 | |
| 15,600 | |
| around 3,000 | |
| 15 | |
| heavy rain and landslides | |
| 20 | |
| 15,600 | |
| around 3,000 | |
| around 9,000 | |
| the deployment of an additional 90 helicopters | |
| 60 | |
| 30 | |
| over 150 | |
| over 150 | |
| 60 | |
| civil aviation industry | |
| non-combat airlifting | |
| the Tzu Chi Foundation | |
| Taiwan | |
| late on May 13 | |
| Tzu Chi Foundation | |
| international help | |
| cope with the quake | |
| China Airlines | |
| May 15 | |
| May 16 | |
| chartered cargo flight | |
| Taiwan Taoyuan International Airport | |
| Chengdu | |
| rescue team | |
| Chengdu | |
| satellite images of the quake-stricken areas | |
| Chinese authorities | |
| 135,000 | |
| May 16 | |
| satellite images | |
| tents and generators | |
| 135,000 | |
| The Internet | |
| an online rescue request center | |
| to find the blind spots of disaster recovery | |
| Wenchuan | |
| The Internet | |
| news agency Xinhua | |
| a student | |
| contact information | |
| May 31 | |
| a moment of silence | |
| the sealed ruins of the Beichuan county seat | |
| three days | |
| a moment of silence | |
| earthquake relic museum | |
| several concerts | |
| the terrible disaster | |
| blood | |
| China Unicom and China Mobile | |
| all over mainland China | |
| donated blood | |
| booths | |
| text messaging | |
| $772 million | |
| 557 | |
| 2,500 | |
| 788,000 yuan | |
| Wenchuan County | |
| 30,000 | |
| Red Cross Society of China | |
| US$143,000 | |
| 30,000 | |
| those left homeless | |
| The Amity Foundation | |
| 7,000 | |
| tofu-dregs schoolhouses | |
| inadequately engineered | |
| over 7,000 | |
| tofu-dregs schoolhouses | |
| legal replacements | |
| four-hour program called The Giving of Love | |
| Bai Yansong | |
| Donations of the evening totalled 1.5 billion Chinese Yuan | |
| $1.57 million | |
| Promise | |
| The Giving of Love | |
| US$208 million | |
| CCTV | |
| 1.57 million | |
| Promise | |
| This is the first time [that] the Chinese media has lived up to international standards | |
| foreign aid | |
| up to international standards | |
| Los Angeles Times | |
| 1976 Tangshan earthquake | |
| quake lakes | |
| 34 | |
| 28 | |
| 7.9 | |
| large landslides | |
| quake lakes | |
| 34 | |
| Entire villages | |
| Mount Tangjia in Beichuan County, Sichuan | |
| by foot or air | |
| tractors | |
| 200,000 | |
| the dam bursting | |
| Mount Tangjia | |
| Beichuan County, Sichuan | |
| 1,200 | |
| The State Council | |
| national mourning | |
| Mao Zedong | |
| May 19, 2008 | |
| Cars and trucks | |
| three-day period | |
| Olympic torch relay | |
| Ningbo | |
| Beijing Olympic torch relay | |
| in Ningbo | |
| The route | |
| Ruijin, Jiangxi | |
| black and white | |
| all advertisements | |
| various gaming sites | |
| burst out cheering | |
| Casinos | |
| Ye Zhiping | |
| proactive action that spared the lives of all 2,323 pupils in attendance when the earthquake happened | |
| 2,323 | |
| 400,000 yuan | |
| Ye Zhiping | |
| Sangzao | |
| An County | |
| three-year period | |
| to gain first-hand material of construction quality | |
| safety checks | |
| Chinese prosecutors | |
| professional crime | |
| schools across China | |
| Reuters | |
| money | |
| riot police | |
| government officials | |
| limit protests | |
| money | |
| were threatened | |
| on school collapses | |
| Liu Shaokun | |
| that he was being investigated on suspicion of the crime of inciting subversion | |
| Sichuan school teacher | |
| crime of inciting subversion | |
| put them online | |
| in a media interview | |
| one year of re-education | |
| in 2007 | |
| January 2010 | |
| massive casualties | |
| that China formally requested the support of the international community | |
| condolences and assistance | |
| May 14 | |
| UNICEF | |
| magnitude of the quake | |
| $214,000 and $71,000 | |
| $26 million | |
| 10.7 billion yuan | |
| the Chinese public | |
| Yao Ming | |
| 26 million | |
| swift and very efficient | |
| openness | |
| secretive | |
| 10 days | |
| International Federation of the Red Cross | |
| live earthquake footage | |
| CCTV-1 | |
| programmes suspended | |
| Myanmar | |
| school construction scandal | |
| response to the quake | |
| cutting corners | |
| any reports | |
| poorly built schools | |
| state-controlled media | |
| propaganda bureau | |
| The AP | |
| builders cut corners | |
| thin iron wires | |
| supervising agencies | |
| corrupt government officials | |
| many families | |
| threat of arrest | |
| the Times | |
| their only child | |
| New York | |
| New York | |
| New York | |
| New York | |
| New York City | |
| New York City | |
| five | |
| 1898 | |
| 8,491,079 | |
| 305 | |
| 23.6 million | |
| five | |
| Brooklyn, Queens, Manhattan, the Bronx, and Staten Island | |
| 1898 | |
| 8,491,079 | |
| 800 | |
| New Amsterdam | |
| the Dutch Republic | |
| 1790 | |
| 1664 | |
| 1790 | |
| 1624 | |
| 1626 | |
| 1664 | |
| 1790 | |
| 56 million | |
| 469 | |
| Manhattan | |
| 120 | |
| New York Stock Exchange and NASDAQ | |
| Staten Island | |
| the Wisconsinan glaciation | |
| ice sheet | |
| Lenapehoking | |
| 1524 | |
| Giovanni da Verrazzano | |
| La Dauphine | |
| France | |
| Nouvelle Angoulême | |
| 1524 | |
| La Dauphine | |
| France | |
| 1525 | |
| Estêvão Gomes | |
| Portuguese | |
| Charles V | |
| La Anunciada | |
| Rio de San Antonio | |
| Padrón Real | |
| Henry Hudson | |
| Dutch East India Company | |
| 1614 | |
| ten | |
| North River | |
| Dutch East India Company | |
| 1614 | |
| Henry Hudson | |
| Santo Domingo | |
| Jan Rodrigues | |
| trader | |
| Juan Rodriguez Way | |
| winter | |
| Juan Rodriguez | |
| Broadway, from 159th Street to 218th Street | |
| Governors Island | |
| Manhattan Island | |
| 1625 | |
| Peter Minuit | |
| 1626 | |
| 1624 | |
| 1625 | |
| glass beads | |
| New York | |
| James II | |
| Peter Stuyvesant | |
| Director-General | |
| 1664 | |
| Peter Stuyvesant | |
| William III | |
| August 24, 1673 | |
| New Orange | |
| 1674 | |
| Anthonio Colve | |
| England | |
| King William III | |
| Second Anglo-Dutch War | |
| 200 | |
| Run | |
| 200 | |
| Second Anglo-Dutch War | |
| 42% | |
| Charleston, South Carolina | |
| Foley Square | |
| courthouse | |
| Charleston, South Carolina | |
| 1990s | |
| 1735 | |
| Manhattan | |
| 1754 | |
| George II | |
| King's College | |
| John Peter Zenger | |
| 1754 | |
| New York | |
| Battle of Long Island | |
| Brooklyn | |
| August 1776 | |
| 10,000 | |
| 1783 | |
| The Battle of Long Island | |
| Brooklyn | |
| 1783 | |
| September 11, 1776 | |
| Lord Howe | |
| Great Fire of New York | |
| Manhattan | |
| Trinity Church | |
| Lord Howe | |
| the Great Fire of New York | |
| 1785 | |
| George Washington | |
| Federal Hall | |
| Wall Street | |
| Philadelphia | |
| Congress of the Confederation | |
| capital | |
| 1789 | |
| 1790 | |
| 1799 | |
| Manhattan | |
| Alexander Hamilton | |
| 1827 | |
| 16,000 | |
| 1799 | |
| 1827 | |
| Commissioners' Plan | |
| 1825 | |
| Tammany Hall | |
| Irish | |
| 1825 | |
| Central Park | |
| 1857 | |
| first landscaped | |
| Great Irish Famine | |
| 200,000 | |
| a quarter | |
| 25% | |
| revolutions | |
| Great Irish Famine | |
| Over 200,000 | |
| Fernando Wood | |
| $300 | |
| Irish | |
| 120 | |
| 10,000 | |
| Colored Orphan Asylum | |
| 1898 | |
| 1904 | |
| the Bronx | |
| 1904 | |
| 1904 | |
| 1,021 | |
| Triangle Shirtwaist Factory | |
| 146 | |
| International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union | |
| Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire | |
| 36,620 | |
| Harlem Renaissance | |
| 36,620 | |
| London | |
| megacity | |
| Fiorello La Guardia | |
| eighty | |
| megacity | |
| 1952 | |
| Paris | |
| abstract expressionism | |
| United Nations | |
| the Stonewall Inn | |
| Greenwich Village | |
| June 28, 1969 | |
| Manhattan | |
| a police raid | |
| Stonewall Inn in the Greenwich Village neighborhood of Lower Manhattan | |
| 2000 | |
| 2010 | |
| Silicon Alley | |
| 1990s | |
| 1970s | |
| 1970s | |
| American Airlines Flight 11 | |
| United Airlines Flight 175 | |
| 343 | |
| July 19, 1909 | |
| 541.3 | |
| 1909 | |
| 10 | |
| American Airlines Flight 11 | |
| September 17, 2011 | |
| Zuccotti Park | |
| Manhattan | |
| Financial District | |
| September 17, 2011 | |
| William F. Buckley, Jr. | |
| 1955 | |
| Donald Trump | |
| Republican | |
| Northeastern | |
| southeastern | |
| Boston | |
| Atlantic | |
| Hudson River | |
| Hudson | |
| Atlantic Ocean | |
| Long Island, Manhattan, and Staten Island. | |
| New Jersey | |
| Harlem River | |
| Bronx River | |
| New York Bay | |
| Troy, New York | |
| New Jersey | |
| The Bronx River | |
| The Harlem River | |
| Battery Park City | |
| 468.9 | |
| 164.1 | |
| 304.8 | |
| Todt Hill | |
| Staten Island | |
| 468.9 | |
| 164.1 | |
| 304.8 | |
| Todt Hill | |
| 409.8 | |
| Pieter Claesen Wyckoff House | |
| Brooklyn | |
| One World Trade Center | |
| Manhattan | |
| 1656 | |
| One World Trade Center | |
| 5,937 | |
| Hong Kong | |
| 550 | |
| 1913 | |
| 50 | |
| Hong Kong | |
| 550 | |
| 1931 | |
| Art Deco | |
| 61st | |
| Seagram Building | |
| American Institute of Architects | |
| eagles | |
| 1931 | |
| 1930 | |
| the Bronx | |
| Brooklyn | |
| Queens | |
| 1930 | |
| Victorian | |
| brownstone rowhouses | |
| the Great Fire of 1835 | |
| six | |
| Jackson Heights | |
| Stone and brick | |
| wooden roof-mounted water towers | |
| July 2014 | |
| four | |
| five | |
| Brooklyn, Queens, Manhattan, and the Bronx | |
| humid subtropical | |
| 234 | |
| 2,535 | |
| humid continental | |
| January | |
| humid subtropical | |
| 234 | |
| USDA 7b | |
| Appalachians | |
| 0.3 | |
| 72% | |
| 17 | |
| July 9, 1936 | |
| 106 | |
| 1934 | |
| 1936 | |
| 1,270 | |
| 66 | |
| October 29, 2012 | |
| 49.9 | |
| Hurricane Sandy | |
| 25.8 | |
| New York City Department of Parks and Recreation | |
| New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation | |
| National Park Service | |
| Minneapolis | |
| New York City | |
| Minneapolis | |
| 10,521.83 | |
| 9,000 | |
| Fort Tilden | |
| Jacob Riis Park | |
| Jamaica Bay | |
| over 26,000 | |
| National Park Service | |
| Grant's Tomb | |
| Greenwich Village | |
| gay rights movement | |
| National Park Service | |
| New Jersey | |
| New Jersey | |
| Stonewall Inn | |
| Grant's Tomb | |
| seven | |
| 28 | |
| 21 | |
| seven | |
| 69 feet | |
| 28,000 | |
| 14 | |
| Pelham Bay Park | |
| 1,093 | |
| over 28,000 | |
| 14 | |
| Pelham Bay Park | |
| 2,700 | |
| Fort Hamilton | |
| 1825 | |
| Brooklyn | |
| North Atlantic Division | |
| 1179th Transportation Brigade | |
| Fort Hamilton | |
| 1825 | |
| Brooklyn | |
| Queens | |
| 8,491,079 | |
| Los Angeles | |
| 316,000 | |
| 40% | |
| 40% | |
| 8,491,079 | |
| Los Angeles | |
| 40 | |
| 27,858 | |
| 27,673 | |
| Hudson County | |
| 44% | |
| 25.5% | |
| Asians | |
| 28.6% | |
| 3 | |
| 44 | |
| the Civil War | |
| Asians | |
| 25.5 | |
| 12 million | |
| Lower East Side | |
| Germans | |
| 92% | |
| Irish | |
| more than 12 million | |
| 92 | |
| 37% | |
| Dominican Republic | |
| 74,000 | |
| China | |
| 37 | |
| Queens | |
| Manhattan | |
| 6.3% | |
| Queens | |
| 0.3% | |
| 2.7 million | |
| 550,000 | |
| 201,000 | |
| 65,000 | |
| the Bronx | |
| 2.7 million | |
| 20 million | |
| 1.5 million | |
| 20% | |
| 4.8 million | |
| 6 | |
| 1.3 million | |
| the Dominican Republic | |
| Egypt | |
| El Salvador | |
| Ecuador | |
| 568,903 | |
| June 24, 2011 | |
| 30 | |
| 568,903 | |
| June 24, 2011 | |
| 30 | |
| 59% | |
| 33% | |
| 1.1 million | |
| Brooklyn | |
| Islam | |
| Christianity | |
| Judaism | |
| Brooklyn | |
| 24 | |
| Islam | |
| 0.5 | |
| Manhattan | |
| Michael R. Bloomberg | |
| 4.6% | |
| $2,749 | |
| 2,749 | |
| New York City | |
| Silicon Alley | |
| The Atlantic | |
| 2014 | |
| 2012 | |
| One out of ten | |
| FDi Magazine | |
| US$914.8 billion | |
| US$1.1 billion | |
| $1,589 | |
| $15,887 | |
| six | |
| Time Warner Center | |
| 660 Madison Avenue | |
| Madison Avenue | |
| 180,000 | |
| $11 billion | |
| Omnicom Group | |
| 180,000 | |
| Omnicom Group and Interpublic Group | |
| 19,000 | |
| US$5 billion | |
| Brooklyn | |
| US$234 million | |
| Brooklyn | |
| Manhattan | |
| Chocolate | |
| Chocolate | |
| Godiva | |
| 163,400 | |
| 5 | |
| US$3.8 billion | |
| US$360,700 | |
| 22 | |
| The city's securities | |
| Wall Street | |
| 165 Broadway | |
| $40 billion | |
| 19% | |
| British Bankers Association | |
| Wall Street | |
| 165 Broadway | |
| 46.5 million | |
| 400 | |
| 500 million square feet | |
| Manhattan | |
| 140 West Street | |
| US$3 billion | |
| 300,000 | |
| 300,000 | |
| Technion-Israel Institute of Technology | |
| US$2 billion | |
| Roosevelt Island | |
| US$30 million | |
| 65,000 | |
| Cornell Tech | |
| 51 million | |
| 54 million | |
| 56.4 million | |
| US$61.3 billion | |
| 56.4 million | |
| 54 million | |
| I Love New York | |
| 1977 | |
| New York State Empire State Development | |
| I Love New York | |
| 1977 | |
| I Love New York | |
| Greenwich Village | |
| Macy's | |
| Rockefeller Center | |
| Summerstage | |
| Queens | |
| 90,000 | |
| 10% | |
| Anbang Insurance Group | |
| US$1.95 billion | |
| Waldorf Astoria New York | |
| 90,000 | |
| Anbang Insurance Group | |
| 1.95 billion | |
| 200 | |
| 130,000 | |
| $7.1 billion | |
| Los Angeles | |
| Sony Music Entertainment | |
| New York City | |
| Seven | |
| 25,000 | |
| The New York Times | |
| The Wall Street Journal | |
| 1919 | |
| Alexander Hamilton | |
| More than 200 | |
| 350 | |
| 2 | |
| The Wall Street Journal and The New York Times | |
| 1919 | |
| CBS | |
| NYCTV | |
| Comedy Central | |
| Fox News | |
| Manhattan Neighborhood Network | |
| 1971 | |
| WNET | |
| WNYC | |
| 1997 | |
| Manhattan Neighborhood Network | |
| 1971 | |
| WNYC | |
| New York City Department of Education | |
| 1.1 million | |
| 1,700 | |
| nine | |
| 1.1 million | |
| nine | |
| New York City Charter School Center | |
| 900 | |
| half million | |
| three out of five | |
| one out of four | |
| 24 | |
| 600,000 | |
| The New York Public Library | |
| Queens Borough Public Library | |
| Queens Borough Public Library | |
| Brooklyn Public Library | |
| Manhattan | |
| New York City Health and Hospitals Corporation | |
| 11 | |
| $6.7 billion | |
| 1.4 million | |
| 475,000 | |
| 1969 | |
| five | |
| Bellevue Hospital | |
| Ramanathan Raju | |
| Bellevue Hospital | |
| Bellevue Hospital | |
| Ramanathan Raju, MD | |
| Illinois | |
| CEO | |
| 35,000 | |
| New York's Finest | |
| New York City Police Department | |
| 35,000 | |
| New York's Finest | |
| 328 | |
| 75% | |
| Provo, Utah | |
| 2007 | |
| 328 | |
| 95.9% | |
| Forty Thieves and the Roach Guards | |
| the Five Families | |
| the Five Points | |
| the Black Spades | |
| Tokyo Fire Department | |
| The New York City Fire Department | |
| New York's Bravest | |
| New York City Fire Department | |
| Tokyo | |
| 11,080 | |
| 3,300 | |
| New York's Bravest | |
| subway systems | |
| brush fires | |
| 9 MetroTech Center | |
| Randalls Island | |
| Brooklyn | |
| 9 MetroTech Center | |
| Brooklyn | |
| Randalls Island | |
| 11 Metrotech Center | |
| 1940s | |
| 1970s | |
| the Harlem Renaissance | |
| jazz | |
| abstract expressionism | |
| hip hop | |
| New York City | |
| New York Fashion Week | |
| the New York School | |
| New York Fashion Week | |
| the Global Language Monitor | |
| 1880s | |
| 500 | |
| 42nd Street | |
| Harrigan | |
| 2,000 | |
| electric lighting | |
| 12.21 million | |
| The Great White Way | |
| US$1.27 billion | |
| 11.4% | |
| 12.21 million | |
| 11.57 million | |
| 24,000 | |
| 4,000 | |
| 24,000 | |
| New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene | |
| one thousand | |
| 1882 | |
| MetLife Stadium, the new Yankee Stadium, Madison Square Garden, and Citi Field | |
| the original Yankee Stadium and Ebbets Field | |
| 1882 | |
| Major League Soccer | |
| five | |
| forty | |
| Baseball | |
| 35 | |
| Baseball | |
| two | |
| 35 | |
| 73 | |
| two | |
| 14 | |
| Subway Series | |
| MetLife Stadium | |
| 2014 | |
| New York Giants | |
| MetLife Stadium | |
| East Rutherford, New Jersey | |
| Super Bowl XLVIII | |
| 2014 | |
| The New York Islanders and the New York Rangers | |
| Newark | |
| Newark, New Jersey | |
| Hockey | |
| New York Islanders | |
| the Brooklyn Nets and the New York Knicks | |
| New York Liberty | |
| 1938 | |
| New York Liberty | |
| National Invitation Tournament | |
| 1938 | |
| New York Knicks | |
| Queens | |
| Millrose Games | |
| Belmont Stakes | |
| 1930 and 1939 | |
| Madison Square Garden | |
| Queens | |
| United States Open Tennis Championships | |
| 37,866 | |
| Millrose Games | |
| Madison Square Garden | |
| Stickball | |
| Stickball Boulevard | |
| the Bronx | |
| New York City Subway system | |
| 469 | |
| Grand Central Station | |
| 1.75 billion | |
| Grand Central Station | |
| 38.4 | |
| 54.6 | |
| 22 | |
| 54.6% | |
| 90% | |
| 38.4 | |
| 52% | |
| 22% | |
| Port Authority Bus Terminal | |
| 7,000 | |
| 200,000 | |
| Port Authority Bus Terminal | |
| John F. Kennedy International Airport, Newark Liberty International Airport, and LaGuardia Airport | |
| Newark Liberty International Airport | |
| John F. Kennedy International Airport | |
| Newburgh, New York | |
| 109 million | |
| The Staten Island Ferry | |
| 24 | |
| 8.4 | |
| Manhattan | |
| 20 million | |
| The George Washington Bridge | |
| The Verrazano-Narrows Bridge | |
| The Brooklyn Bridge | |
| 1903 | |
| George Washington Bridge | |
| Bergen | |
| Verrazano-Narrows Bridge | |
| neo-Gothic | |
| 1903 | |
| The Lincoln Tunnel | |
| 1927 | |
| 1940 | |
| President Franklin D. Roosevelt | |
| 120,000 | |
| Hudson River | |
| Manhattan | |
| Jersey City | |
| Franklin D. Roosevelt | |
| 200,000 | |
| 200,000 | |
| 21% | |
| Citibank | |
| Quinnipiac University | |
| Walk Score | |
| Catskill Mountains watershed | |
| Catskill Mountains | |
| US$3.2 billion | |
| 290 million gallons | |
| 20% | |
| north | |
| 51 | |
| three | |
| four-year | |
| 51 | |
| three | |
| the City Record | |
| four | |
| Democrats | |
| 67 | |
| Barack Obama | |
| 1924 | |
| Calvin Coolidge | |
| Democratic Party | |
| 67% | |
| 1924 | |
| five | |
| Republican | |
| 43,523 | |
| Roosevelt Island | |
| 127 | |
| 225,000 | |
| one million | |
| five million | |
| one-fifth | |
| one third | |
| lead | |
| crack | |
| Tom Wolfe | |
| the National Library of Australia | |
| Baruch College | |
| Iceland | |
| Manhattan | |
| Upper West Side | |
| Union Square | |
| New York University | |
| Central Park | |
| Fifth Avenue | |
| Manhattan | |
| 1959 | |
| 2012 | |
| Upper East Side | |
| Brooklynese | |
| All in the Family | |
| Carroll O'Connor | |
| New Yawk | |
| New York City FC | |
| Yankee Stadium | |
| Harrison, New Jersey | |
| Pelé | |
| Hofstra University | |
| two-thirds | |
| 20 | |
| 250 | |
| JFK International Airport | |
| Pennsylvania Station | |
| Manhattan | |
| three | |
| PATCO Speedline | |
| Copenhagen Metro | |
| Port Authority Trans-Hudson | |
| the Second Avenue Subway | |
| 12,000 | |
| Manhattan Island | |
| the theater | |
| finance | |
| advertising | |
| Seventh Avenue | |
| rush hour | |
| southwestern | |
| northern | |
| Long Island | |
| the west end | |
| Staten Island | |
| Structural Expressionism | |
| cantilever | |
| 3,715 | |
| 28% | |
| 80% | |
| Hearst Tower | |
| Massachusetts v. Environmental Protection Agency | |
| 6 | |
| 110,000 | |
| the Greenpoint oil spill | |
| mayor-council | |
| 1898 | |
| Second | |
| Manhattan | |
| executive | |
| Manhattan | |
| the Eastern District of New York | |
| Foley Square | |
| the District Court for the Eastern District of New York | |
| Manhattan | |
| Manhattan | |
| 10021 | |
| 83 | |
| $11 billion | |
| $11.4 billion | |
| New York City Global Partners | |
| 2006 | |
| 1960 | |
| Pulitzer Prize | |
| Harper Lee | |
| Harper Lee | |
| 1960 | |
| her family and neighbors | |
| United States | |
| Southern Gothic novel | |
| racial injustice and the destruction of innocence | |
| Deep South | |
| racial epithets | |
| Mary McDonough Murphy | |
| 2006 | |
| 1962 | |
| 1990 | |
| Robert Mulligan | |
| Bible | |
| Horton Foote | |
| Robert Mulligan | |
| Monroeville, Alabama | |
| February 2016 | |
| Go Set a Watchman | |
| Go Set a Watchman | |
| July 14, 2015 | |
| February 2016 | |
| Truman Capote | |
| 1950 | |
| reservation clerk | |
| Alabama | |
| 1926 | |
| Truman Capote | |
| Huntingdon College | |
| University of Alabama | |
| J. B. Lippincott | |
| Go Set a Watchman | |
| Tay Hohoff | |
| Therese von Hohoff Torrey | |
| mental illness | |
| lawyer | |
| Her father | |
| July 11, 1960 | |
| over two and a half years | |
| Reader's Digest Condensed Books | |
| Maycomb, Alabama | |
| three | |
| two | |
| Dill | |
| Maycomb, Alabama | |
| the Great Depression | |
| Jean Louise Finch (Scout) | |
| Mayella Ewell | |
| Tom Robinson | |
| Scout, Jem, and Dill | |
| Jem and Scout | |
| balcony | |
| the colored balcony | |
| shot and killed | |
| Jem and Scout | |
| Halloween pageant | |
| Boo Radley | |
| Bob Ewell | |
| Boo Radley | |
| Sheriff Tate | |
| fell on his own knife | |
| autobiography | |
| 1919 | |
| 25 | |
| editor and publisher | |
| next door | |
| 1960 | |
| In Cold Blood | |
| Truman Capote | |
| old Underwood typewriter | |
| apart people | |
| 10 | |
| Walter Lett | |
| Emmett Till | |
| Civil Rights Movement | |
| display Southern prejudices | |
| Emmett Till | |
| Satire and irony | |
| parody, satire, and irony | |
| church basement | |
| Calpurnia | |
| distracted and embarrassed | |
| ham costume | |
| Southern Gothic and coming-of-age or Bildungsroman novel | |
| Gothic | |
| Atticus | |
| Miss Maudie | |
| separations of race and class | |
| 1955 | |
| race relations | |
| white | |
| shot seventeen times | |
| death | |
| poor white farmers | |
| seventeen | |
| a rabid dog | |
| fight against the town's racism | |
| Calpurnia | |
| Aunt Alexandra | |
| Walter Cunningham | |
| Jane Austen | |
| individual worth | |
| poor | |
| gender and class | |
| people's motives and behavior | |
| morphine | |
| Atticus | |
| courage | |
| Charles Shields | |
| Charles Shields | |
| human dignity and respect for others | |
| Mayella Ewell | |
| Calpurnia and Miss Maudie | |
| Calpurnia and Miss Maudie | |
| Mrs. Dubose | |
| feminist | |
| Bob Ewell | |
| Atticus | |
| Dolphus Raymond | |
| Lawyers | |
| frilly clothes | |
| Songbirds | |
| Finch | |
| mockingbird | |
| mockingbird | |
| mockingbird | |
| that which is innocent and harmless | |
| Book of the Month Club | |
| Book of the Month Club | |
| ten | |
| 40 | |
| 30 million | |
| more than 30 million | |
| more than 40 | |
| Scout, Atticus, and Boo | |
| Alice Lee | |
| Scout, Atticus, and Boo | |
| lawyer | |
| integrity | |
| 1997 | |
| Alabama State Bar | |
| honorary special membership | |
| 1963 | |
| 21 | |
| 1963 | |
| 21 | |
| 1966 | |
| rape | |
| Mayella Ewell's attraction to Tom Robinson | |
| Little Black Sambo | |
| civil rights movement | |
| Uncle Tom's Cabin | |
| Uncle Tom's Cabin | |
| Archulus Persons | |
| Truman Capote | |
| Alice | |
| Truman Capote | |
| her editor | |
| 1961 | |
| 41 | |
| 1962 | |
| 1964 | |
| the Pulitzer Prize | |
| 1964 | |
| 2001 | |
| 25 | |
| Chicago | |
| Chicago | |
| 25 | |
| University of Notre Dame | |
| George W. Bush | |
| 2007 | |
| Notre Dame | |
| George W. Bush | |
| 1962 | |
| Gregory Peck | |
| Gregory Peck | |
| father's pocketwatch | |
| grandson | |
| her father's pocketwatch | |
| grandson | |
| May 2005 | |
| a national treasure | |
| Christopher Sergel | |
| 1990 | |
| Monroeville | |
| townspeople | |
| racially segregated | |
| the UK | |
| Regent's Park Open Air Theatre | |
| Duncan Preston | |
| July 14, 2015 | |
| 1957 | |
| 20 | |
| Tonja Carter | |
| Go Set a Watchman | |
| 1957 | |
| 20 | |
| rape and racial inequality | |
| Atticus Finch | |
| narration | |
| flashback | |
| all Southerners | |
| the neighborhood | |
| Southern romantic regionalism | |
| fine folks | |
| The South itself | |
| Tom Robinson | |
| Boo Radley | |
| real nice | |
| classical tragedy | |
| The Chicago Sunday Tribune | |
| Granville Hicks | |
| Flannery O'Connor | |
| William Faulkner | |
| Jane Austen | |
| Allen Barra | |
| Akin Ajayi | |
| Calpurnia | |
| black students | |
| poor rural "white trash" | |
| the harsh reality of inequality | |
| an act of protest | |
| like Scripture | |
| Mockingbird groupies | |
| the Sun | |
| Solar energy | |
| solar heating, photovoltaics, solar thermal energy, solar architecture and artificial photosynthesis | |
| radiant light and heat from the Sun | |
| 174,000 | |
| 30% | |
| 3.5 to 7.0 | |
| 174,000 | |
| Approximately 30% | |
| 150 to 300 watts per square meter or 3.5 to 7.0 kWh/m2 per day | |
| clouds, oceans and land masses | |
| 71 | |
| 14 | |
| photosynthesis | |
| about 71% | |
| Warm air containing evaporated water from the oceans rises | |
| When the air reaches a high altitude, where the temperature is low, water vapor condenses into clouds | |
| The latent heat of water condensation amplifies convection | |
| photosynthesis | |
| 3,850,000 | |
| one year | |
| 3,000 | |
| one year | |
| approximately 3,850,000 exajoules (EJ) per year | |
| approximately 3,000 EJ per year | |
| coal, oil, natural gas, and mined uranium combined | |
| the Sun | |
| passive or active | |
| depending on the way they capture, convert and distribute sunlight | |
| geothermal and tidal | |
| direct or indirect | |
| Active | |
| Passive | |
| solar thermal collectors | |
| designing spaces that naturally circulate air | |
| increase the supply of energy | |
| reduce the need for alternate resources | |
| Frank Shuman | |
| 1908 | |
| 1912 | |
| a U.S. inventor, engineer and solar energy pioneer | |
| 1897 | |
| steam engine | |
| 1908 | |
| 1912 | |
| Maadi, Egypt | |
| 22,000 | |
| the 1970s | |
| Maadi, Egypt | |
| parabolic troughs | |
| Nile River | |
| the outbreak of World War I and the discovery of cheap oil | |
| the 1970s | |
| 70 | |
| sunlight | |
| 60 to 70% of the domestic hot water | |
| evacuated tube collectors | |
| unglazed plastic collectors | |
| 154 | |
| Israel and Cyprus | |
| approximately 154 thermal gigawatt | |
| China | |
| over 90% | |
| United States, Canada and Australia | |
| 50 | |
| 30% (4.65 EJ/yr) | |
| 50% (10.1 EJ/yr) | |
| Solar heating, cooling and ventilation technologies | |
| Thermal | |
| any material that can be used to store heat | |
| stone, cement and water | |
| by absorbing solar energy during the day and radiating stored heat to the cooler atmosphere at night | |
| climates | |
| auxiliary heating and cooling equipment | |
| passive solar ventilation | |
| a passive solar ventilation system | |
| a vertical shaft connecting the interior and exterior of a building | |
| by using glazing and thermal mass materials in a way that mimics greenhouses | |
| winter | |
| trees and plants | |
| 1/3 to 1/2 | |
| they will interfere with winter solar availability | |
| east and west | |
| 1767 | |
| 315 | |
| cooking, drying and pasteurization | |
| box cookers, panel cookers and reflector cookers | |
| Horace de Saussure | |
| 90–150 °C (194–302 °F) | |
| direct light | |
| 114 | |
| more | |
| parabolic dish, trough and Scheffler reflectors | |
| Solar Total Energy Project (STEP) in Shenandoah, Georgia, USA | |
| use of evaporation ponds to obtain salt from sea water | |
| Clothes lines, clotheshorses, and clothes racks | |
| perforated sun-facing walls used for preheating ventilation air | |
| 1872 | |
| Solar distillation | |
| 16th-century Arab alchemists | |
| 1872 | |
| 22,700 L (5,000 imp gal; 6,000 US gal) per day | |
| single-slope | |
| the World Health Organization | |
| a minimum of six hours to two days during fully overcast conditions | |
| a viable method for household water treatment and safe storage | |
| Over two million people in developing countries | |
| toxic chemicals | |
| to treat waste water without chemicals or electricity | |
| algae may produce toxic chemicals | |
| 2050 | |
| 2050 | |
| the Mojave Desert | |
| 2013 | |
| 354 MW SEGS CSP | |
| Mojave Desert of California | |
| The 250 MW Agua Caliente Solar Project, in the United States, and the 221 MW Charanka Solar Park in India | |
| Charles Fritts | |
| 1954 | |
| evolved from a pure niche market of small scale applications towards becoming a mainstream electricity source | |
| a device that converts light directly into electricity | |
| Charles Fritts | |
| Dr Bruno Lange | |
| Gerald Pearson, Calvin Fuller and Daryl Chapin | |
| a working fluid | |
| lenses or mirrors and tracking systems | |
| a heat source for a conventional power plant | |
| the Stirling dish | |
| a working fluid is heated by the concentrated sunlight | |
| Megaron House | |
| orientation relative to the Sun | |
| well-lit spaces that stay in a comfortable temperature range | |
| Socrates' Megaron House | |
| pumps, fans and switchable windows | |
| Urban heat islands | |
| 3 | |
| Urban heat islands | |
| asphalt and concrete | |
| paint buildings and roads white and plant trees | |
| fruit walls | |
| power grape presses | |
| to optimize the productivity of plants | |
| timed planting cycles, tailored row orientation, staggered heights between rows and the mixing of plant varieties | |
| employed fruit walls | |
| acted as thermal masses and accelerated ripening by keeping plants warm | |
| Roman times | |
| the 16th | |
| convert solar light to heat | |
| enabling year-round production and the growth (in enclosed environments) of specialty crops | |
| produce cucumbers year-round for the Roman emperor Tiberius | |
| Europe | |
| The World Solar Challenge | |
| 90.87 | |
| a biannual solar-powered car race | |
| 1987 | |
| 67 kilometres per hour (42 mph) | |
| 90.87 kilometres per hour (56.46 mph) | |
| The North American Solar Challenge and the planned South African Solar Challenge | |
| 1975 | |
| 1975 | |
| Kenichi Horie | |
| the sun21 catamaran | |
| 40 | |
| Solar Impulse | |
| 1974 | |
| 29 April 1979 | |
| July 1981 | |
| California to North Carolina | |
| 36 hours | |
| hydrogen production from protons | |
| Solar chemical processes | |
| artificial photosynthesis | |
| The Solzinc process | |
| pure zinc | |
| Hydrogen production technologies | |
| uses concentrators to split water into oxygen and hydrogen at high temperatures | |
| Solzinc process | |
| heat | |
| Thermal mass systems | |
| water, earth and stone | |
| reduce overall heating and cooling requirements | |
| thermal | |
| The "Dover House" | |
| paraffin wax and Glauber's salt | |
| 64 °C or 147 °F | |
| Dover House | |
| they are low-cost, have a high specific heat capacity and can deliver heat at temperatures compatible with conventional power systems | |
| 1.44 terajoules (400,000 kWh) | |
| rechargeable batteries | |
| rechargeable batteries | |
| Net metering programs | |
| by 'rolling back' the meter whenever the home produces more electricity than it consumes | |
| Most standard meters accurately measure in both directions | |
| a hydroelectric power generator | |
| water pumped when energy is available from a lower elevation reservoir to a higher elevation one | |
| by releasing the water, with the pump becoming a hydroelectric power generator | |
| 1973 | |
| The 1973 oil embargo and 1979 energy crisis | |
| the Federal Photovoltaic Utilization Program in the US and the Sunshine Program in Japan | |
| SERI, now NREL | |
| NEDO | |
| Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE | |
| the 1920s | |
| 20% per year | |
| in the 1890s | |
| falling petroleum prices | |
| 20% | |
| 154 GW | |
| The International Energy Agency | |
| The International Energy Agency | |
| glass in building | |
| materials used in solar water heaters | |
| ISO 9050 | |
| ISO 10217 | |
| passive solar or active solar | |
| photovoltaic systems, concentrated solar power and solar water heating | |
| orienting a building to the Sun | |
| 559.8 EJ | |
| 1,575–49,837 exajoules (EJ) | |
| The large magnitude of solar energy available | |
| The United Nations Development Programme | |
| through reliance on an indigenous, inexhaustible and mostly import-independent resource | |
| the costs of mitigating global warming | |
| learning investments | |
| keep fossil fuel prices lower than otherwise | |
| geography, time variation, cloud cover, and the land available to humans | |
| areas that are closer to the equator have a greater amount of solar radiation | |
| photovoltaics | |
| during the nighttime there is little solar radiation on the surface of the Earth for solar panels to absorb | |
| clouds block incoming light from the sun and reduce the light available for solar cells | |
| solar panels can only be set up on land that is unowned and suitable for solar panels | |
| many people have discovered that they can collect energy directly from their homes this way | |
| insolation, cloud cover, and the land that is usable by humans | |
| 1,575–49,837 EJ per year | |
| conversion of sunlight into electricity | |
| either directly using photovoltaics (PV), or indirectly using concentrated solar power (CSP) | |
| lenses or mirrors and tracking systems | |
| focus a large area of sunlight into a small beam | |
| photoelectric effect | |
| Sunlight | |
| Greeks and Chinese | |
| toward the south | |
| a black balloon that is filled with ordinary air | |
| the air inside is heated and expands causing an upward buoyancy force | |
| the toy market | |
| the surface-area to payload-weight ratio is relatively high | |
| driven by an expectation that coal would soon become scarce | |
| increasing availability, economy, and utility of coal and petroleum | |
| 2060 | |
| could play a key role in de-carbonizing the global economy alongside improvements in energy efficiency and imposing costs on greenhouse gas emitters | |
| Achaemenid Empire, Sassanian Empire, Hephthalite Empire, Samanid Empire, Mongol Empire, Timurid dynasty, and the Russian Empire | |
| Oxus civilization, Andronovo culture, Buddhism, Nestorian Christianity, Zoroastrianism, and Manichaeism | |
| city of Sarazm | |
| 1991 | |
| 1992 to 1997 | |
| Oxus civilization, Andronovo culture, Buddhism, Nestorian Christianity, Zoroastrianism, and Manichaeism | |
| the Achaemenid Empire, Sassanian Empire, Hephthalite Empire, Samanid Empire, Mongol Empire, Timurid dynasty, and the Russian Empire | |
| 1991 | |
| 1992 to 1997 | |
| 1939 | |
| 260,000 Tajik | |
| Between 60,000(4%) and 120,000(8%) | |
| living conditions, education and industry | |
| by clan loyalties | |
| 30% of ministerial positions would go to the opposition | |
| Emomali Rahmon | |
| because of persecution, increased poverty and better economic opportunities | |
| Russian border troops | |
| at the Dushanbe Airport | |
| t located 15 km southwest of Dushanbe | |
| to conduct joint training missions of up to several weeks duration. | |
| 28 Tajik soldiers | |
| 2015 | |
| November 2010 | |
| that Islamic militarism in the east of the country was on the rise following the escape of 25 militants from a Tajik prison in August | |
| a republic | |
| Kokhir Rasulzoda | |
| Murodali Alimardon and Ruqiya Qurbanova | |
| November 1994 | |
| where the People's Democratic Party of Tajikistan routinely has a vast majority in Parliament | |
| independent press outlets remain restricted | |
| no public criticism of the regime is tolerated | |
| all direct protest is severely suppressed | |
| access is blocked to local and foreign websites including avesta.tj, Tjknews.com, ferghana.ru, centrasia.ru | |
| Tajikistan | |
| the Pamir range | |
| on the southern slopes above the Kofarnihon valley | |
| between latitudes 36° and 41° N (a small area is north of 41°), and longitudes 67° and 75° E (a small area is east of 75°) | |
| in the north (part of the Fergana Valley), and in the southern Kofarnihon and Vakhsh river valleys | |
| the name of a pre-Islamic (before the seventh century A.D.) tribe | |
| "Land of the Tajiks" | |
| "place of" or "country" | |
| because the term is "embroiled in twentieth-century political disputes about whether Turkic or Iranian peoples were the original inhabitants of Central Asia." | |
| 650–680 | |
| Umayyads | |
| The Samanid Empire, | |
| Khorasan | |
| 650–680 | |
| Umayyads | |
| 650–680 | |
| The Samanid Empire, | |
| Umayyads | |
| The Samanid Empire, | |
| Khorasan | |
| Khorasan | |
| 650–680 | |
| 710 | |
| The Kara-Khanid Khanate | |
| The Samanid Empire | |
| during the late 19th century's Imperial Era | |
| the Emirate of Bukhara and Khanate of Kokand | |
| gaining access to a supply of cotton | |
| Russia gradually took control of the entire territory of Russian Turkestan | |
| the Russian Empire or its vassal state, the Emirate of Bukhara | |
| an Islamic social movement throughout the region | |
| Russians | |
| between 1910 and 1913 | |
| the threat of forced conscription during World War I | |
| guerrillas throughout Central Asia, known as basmachi | |
| to maintain independence | |
| The Bolsheviks | |
| Islam, Judaism, and Christianity | |
| Tajik Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic | |
| in the southern region | |
| collectivization of agriculture and a rapid expansion of cotton production took place | |
| Soviet collectivization policy brought violence against peasants and forced resettlement | |
| Moscow | |
| nearly 10,000 people | |
| Ethnic Russians | |
| grew from less than 1% to 13% | |
| subsequently Russians dominated party positions at all levels, including the top position of first secretary | |
| PDPT lose four seats in Parliament | |
| accusations from opposition parties and international observers that President Emomalii Rahmon corruptly manipulates the election process and unemployment | |
| "failed to meet many key OSCE commitments" and that "these elections failed on many basic democratic standards." | |
| The government insisted that only minor violations had occurred, which would not affect the will of the Tajik people | |
| in Central Asia | |
| 8 million people | |
| area of 143,100 km2 (55,300 sq mi) | |
| China | |
| Wakhan Corridor | |
| China | |
| 8 million | |
| 143,100 km2 | |
| Afghanistan | |
| Uzbekistan | |
| about 500 BCE | |
| the Achaemenid Empire | |
| Alexander the Great | |
| Yuezhi tribes | |
| in the early eighth century | |
| Hephthalite Empire, | |
| Buddhism, Nestorian Christianity, Zoroastrianism, and Manichaeism | |
| an average rate of 9.6% | |
| aluminium production, cotton growing and remittances from migrant workers | |
| 60% | |
| Tajik Aluminum Company | |
| the government | |
| hydropower potential | |
| Nurek Dam | |
| CASA 1000, will transmit 1000 MW of surplus electricity from Tajikistan to Pakistan with power transit through Afghanistan | |
| US$1.25 per day | |
| estimated $2.1 billion US dollars | |
| by purely market-based means, simply by exporting its main commodity of comparative advantage — cheap labor | |
| remittances | |
| opium poppy | |
| with the increasing assistance from international organizations, such as UNODC, and cooperation with the US, Russian, EU and Afghan authorities | |
| heroin and raw opium confiscations | |
| strengthen border crossings, provide training, and set up joint interdiction teams. It also helped to establish Tajikistani Drug Control Agency | |
| via roads, air, and rail. | |
| Iran and Pakistan | |
| Tajikistan, Pakistan, and Afghanistan | |
| 2012 | |
| 26 airports | |
| Dushanbe International Airport | |
| Russia | |
| Khorog Airport | |
| 7,349,145 | |
| 70% | |
| 35% | |
| Tajik | |
| Tajikistanis | |
| The Pamiri people | |
| distinct linguistically and culturally | |
| Pamir Mountains | |
| Sunni Islam of the Hanafi | |
| a secular state with a Constitution providing for freedom of religion | |
| Id Al-Fitr and Idi Qurbon | |
| 98% | |
| minority religious groups undermine national unity | |
| a concern for religious institutions becoming active in the political sphere | |
| Hizb ut-Tahrir | |
| aims for an overthrow of secular governments and the unification of Tajiks under one Islamic state | |
| State Committee on Religious Affairs (SCRA) and with local authorities | |
| a charter, a list of 10 or more members, and evidence of local government approval prayer site location | |
| a physical structure | |
| can result in large fines and closure of place of worship | |
| , the system remains extremely underdeveloped and poor, with severe shortages of medical supplies | |
| 104,272 | |
| 1% | |
| World Bank's Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper | |
| 11 years of primary and secondary education | |
| a 12-year system | |
| Khujand State University | |
| 17% | |
| humans and their societies | |
| social | |
| linguistic anthropology | |
| physical | |
| United States | |
| 1870 | |
| 1869 | |
| 1902 | |
| 1865 | |
| empirical foundation | |
| anthropological societies | |
| international | |
| The major theorists | |
| 48 | |
| 13 | |
| late 19th and early 20th centuries | |
| gender equality and sexual liberation | |
| cross-cultural comparisons | |
| 19th-century racial ideology | |
| cultural relativism, holism, and the use of findings to frame cultural critiques | |
| humanities, social, and natural sciences | |
| Anthropology | |
| global | |
| Greece and Persia | |
| cognitive science, global studies, and various ethnic studies | |
| structuralist and postmodern theories | |
| During the 1970s and 1990s | |
| nature and production of knowledge | |
| archaeology and biological anthropology | |
| cohesion | |
| Sociocultural anthropology | |
| social | |
| social structures, | |
| hard-and-fast | |
| Cultural anthropology | |
| cultural relativism | |
| Ethnography | |
| Participant observation | |
| emic | |
| reductionism in cross-cultural comparison | |
| Sociocultural | |
| consumption and exchange | |
| kinship | |
| language | |
| resolution | |
| Archaeology | |
| human behavior and cultural practices | |
| past human groups | |
| in similar ways | |
| cultural and material lives of past societies | |
| anthropological | |
| interpretation of sociocultural processes | |
| Linguistic | |
| sociolinguistics, pragmatics, cognitive linguistics, semiotics, discourse analysis, and narrative analysis | |
| art | |
| do not exist | |
| evident 'aesthetic' qualities | |
| 1983 | |
| culturally specific 'aesthetics' | |
| Étienne Serres | |
| 1838 | |
| 1850 | |
| France | |
| Société Ethnologique de Paris | |
| comparative methods | |
| similarities | |
| processes or laws unknown to them then | |
| epiphany | |
| comparison of species | |
| late 1850s. | |
| bring it into the social sciences | |
| Paris | |
| Société de biologie | |
| Transformisme | |
| neurosurgeon | |
| the pathology of speech | |
| speech center | |
| psychology | |
| six | |
| the science of the nature of man | |
| an animist | |
| comparative anatomy, physiology, and psychology | |
| empirical | |
| civilization | |
| British ethnologists | |
| 1863 | |
| anthropology | |
| French Société | |
| Waitz | |
| majority of the world's higher educational institutions | |
| subdivisions | |
| Practical | |
| recreate the final scene | |
| about three dozen | |
| Media anthropology | |
| ethnographic | |
| early 1990s | |
| media reception | |
| cyber | |
| Visual | |
| visual representation | |
| all | |
| ethnographic film | |
| Economic | |
| historic, geographic and cultural | |
| discipline of economics | |
| Bronislaw Malinowski | |
| exchange | |
| traditional concerns | |
| history and colonialism | |
| Hunter-gatherers | |
| population | |
| industrial (and post-industrial) capitalism | |
| Applied | |
| change or stability | |
| direct | |
| the practical side | |
| participating | |
| critical | |
| pondering | |
| increasing | |
| gap | |
| fail | |
| Kinship | |
| anthropology | |
| Over its history | |
| one's social relations during development | |
| marriage | |
| Feminist | |
| male bias | |
| systematic bias | |
| gender | |
| birth anthropology | |
| Nutritional | |
| food security | |
| globalization | |
| Nutritional status | |
| economic | |
| Psychological | |
| humans' development and enculturation | |
| its own history, language, practices, and conceptual categories | |
| cultural group | |
| understanding | |
| Cognitive | |
| cognitive sciences | |
| experimental psychology and evolutionary biology | |
| implicit knowledge | |
| Political | |
| structure of societies | |
| the 1960s | |
| "complex" | |
| Geertz | |
| Cyborg | |
| 1993 | |
| the Society for the Social Studies of Science | |
| Donna Haraway | |
| its relations | |
| Environmental | |
| political ecology | |
| culture, politics and power, globalization, localized issues, and more. | |
| corporate | |
| people of Hyde Park | |
| by examining historical records | |
| ethnic | |
| its foundation | |
| documents and manuscripts | |
| Practitioners | |
| Urban | |
| Ulf Hannerz | |
| notoriously agoraphobic | |
| two | |
| social issues | |
| human–animal studies | |
| Anthrozoology | |
| number of other disciplines | |
| positive | |
| anthropology, sociology, biology, and philosophy | |
| Evolutionary | |
| natural science and social science | |
| past and present | |
| scientific | |
| many lines | |
| Ethical | |
| mutilation | |
| racism, slavery, and human sacrifice | |
| man | |
| depth of an anthropological approach | |
| active in the allied war effort | |
| Nazi Germany, Fascist Italy, and Imperial Japan | |
| the armed forces | |
| intelligence | |
| communist sympathies. | |
| the state | |
| secret | |
| certain scholarship | |
| The AAA | |
| given | |
| the US military | |
| US Army's strategy in Afghanistan | |
| Counterinsurgency | |
| Iraq | |
| ethics | |
| Biological | |
| human universals | |
| into the field | |
| a community in its own setting | |
| genetic | |
| relevant time periods and geographic regions | |
| cultural traditions based on material | |
| tool | |
| geographers | |
| comparative method | |
| "other cultures | |
| time | |
| non-European/non-Western societies | |
| Ulf Hannerz | |
| only in late 1960s | |
| set ethnographic research in the North Atlantic region | |
| research to a single locale | |
| daily life of ordinary people | |
| scientific laboratories | |
| research | |
| wounded in an attempted assassination | |
| The Távora family and the Duke of Aveiro | |
| The Jesuits | |
| 1759 | |
| Sebastião de Melo prosecuted every person involved, even women and children | |
| 1770 | |
| until Joseph I's death in 1779 | |
| autocracy | |
| knew no opposition | |
| crushing opposition, suppressing criticism, and furthering colonial economic exploitation | |
| Napoleon | |
| 1822 | |
| Brazil | |
| United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves | |
| until the 20th century | |
| French | |
| until the Liberal Revolution of 1820 | |
| Porto | |
| 1815 | |
| the change in its status and the arrival of the Portuguese royal family | |
| before the turn of the 20th century | |
| 1884 | |
| Scramble for Africa | |
| to protect the centuries-long Portuguese interests in the continent from rivalries enticed by the Scramble for Africa | |
| Beira, Moçâmedes, Lobito, João Belo, Nacala and Porto Amélia | |
| 1 February 1908 | |
| on 14 June 1892, and again on 10 May 1902 | |
| Manuel II of Portugal | |
| 5 October 1910 | |
| Political instability and economic weaknesses | |
| António de Oliveira Salazar | |
| 1933 | |
| five | |
| relocation of mainland Portuguese citizens into the overseas provinces in Africa | |
| United Nations, the European Union, the Eurozone, OECD, NATO and the Community of Portuguese Language Countries | |
| unitary semi-presidential republican | |
| 18th highest | |
| France, Spain and Italy | |
| decriminalized the usage of all common drugs | |
| to use the Cantabrian mountains as a place of refuge and protection from the invading Moors | |
| Moors | |
| Battle of Covadonga | |
| 722 AD | |
| Reconquista Cristã | |
| dynastic divisions of inheritance among the kings offspring | |
| King Alfonso III | |
| 868 AD | |
| First Count of Portus Cale | |
| Portucale, Portugale, and simultaneously Portugália | |
| maintain the autonomy of Galicia with its distinct language and culture (Galician-Portuguese) from the Leonese culture | |
| the Kingdom of Portugal | |
| Galician | |
| Spanish | |
| Castilian (Spanish Language) | |
| the daughter of the Austrian Field Marshal Leopold Josef, Count von Daun | |
| Sebastião José de Carvalho e Melo | |
| Queen consort of Portugal | |
| Queen consort of Portugal | |
| King John V of Portugal | |
| earthquakes | |
| marching troops around the models | |
| Lisbon suffered no epidemics | |
| The buildings and big squares of the Pombaline City Centre | |
| by designing an inquiry that was sent to every parish in the country | |
| Portuguese Republic | |
| Iberian Peninsula, in Southwestern Europe | |
| Atlantic Ocean | |
| 1,214 km (754 mi) | |
| Azores and Madeira | |
| Portuguese Republic | |
| Iberian Peninsula, in Southwestern Europe | |
| Spain | |
| Atlantic Ocean | |
| Portugal–Spain | |
| The Celts and the Romans | |
| Visigothic and the Suebi Germanic peoples | |
| 1139 | |
| Age of Discovery | |
| 15th and 16th centuries | |
| Lisbon | |
| 1822 | |
| 1910 | |
| Macau | |
| 250 million | |
| Portus Cale | |
| Pre-Celts and Celts | |
| Gallaeci, Lusitanians, Celtici and Cynetes | |
| 45 BC until 298 AD | |
| Alankerk | |
| 27 BC | |
| Gallaecia | |
| Conímbriga and Mirobriga | |
| hill forts | |
| 16 km | |
| a few months | |
| 711 | |
| 750 | |
| Abd-ar-Rahman | |
| almost two centuries | |
| Emir | |
| the Christian kingdoms of the north | |
| Taifa of Badajoz | |
| 1086 | |
| Battle of Sagrajas | |
| Muwallad or Muladi | |
| noblemen from Oman | |
| Atlas mountains and Rif mountains of North Africa | |
| Algarve region, and south of the Tagus | |
| 800 | |
| García, became king of León | |
| Ordoño, reigned in Galicia | |
| Fruela, received Asturias with Oviedo as his capital | |
| 910 | |
| 1230 | |
| 1348 and 1349 | |
| England | |
| Portugal made an alliance with England | |
| NATO | |
| Oporto region | |
| the Age of Discovery | |
| King João I | |
| Azores, Madeira, and Cape Verde | |
| Cape of Good Hope | |
| Brazil | |
| increased | |
| Prime Minister | |
| British | |
| Sebastião de Melo | |
| Sebastião de Melo | |
| economic and financial | |
| to ensure the wine's quality | |
| especially among the high nobility | |
| Sebastião de Melo | |
| upon all classes of Portuguese society from the high nobility to the poorest working class | |
| April 1974 | |
| left-wing military coup in Lisbon | |
| social turmoil and power disputes between left- and right-wing political forces | |
| Junta de Salvação Nacional | |
| Socialist Party | |
| Mário Soares | |
| 1976 to 1978 and again from 1983 to 1985 | |
| socialism and adherence to the neoliberal model | |
| 1976 | |
| to accommodate socialist and communist principles | |
| Mediterranean | |
| 8–12 °C (46.4–53.6 °F) | |
| 16–19 °C (60.8–66.2 °F) | |
| 900 metres (3,000 ft) | |
| subtropical | |
| rough topography | |
| Mediterranean | |
| deciduous and coniferous | |
| the Tertiary period | |
| Pyrenean | |
| Boars | |
| 12 | |
| a unique type of subtropical rainforest | |
| fox, badger, iberian lynx, iberian wolf, wild goat (Capra pyrenaica), wild cat (Felis silvestris), hare, weasel, polecat, chameleon, mongoose, civet, brown bear | |
| migratory birds | |
| more than 100 | |
| in the Tagus International Natural Park | |
| because of habitat loss, pollution and drought | |
| plankton | |
| five | |
| Aníbal Cavaco Silva | |
| 230 | |
| four-year | |
| thirteen | |
| Socialist Party and the Social Democratic Party | |
| national-, regional- and local-levels | |
| Unitary Democratic Coalition (Portuguese Communist Party and Ecologist Party "The Greens"), the Left Bloc and the Democratic and Social Centre – People's Party | |
| 5 and 15% | |
| President of the Republic | |
| five | |
| by direct, universal suffrage | |
| President of the Republic | |
| The Council of Ministers | |
| define the broad outline of its policies in a programme, and present it to the Assembly for a mandatory period of debate | |
| an absolute majority of deputies | |
| former colonies and territories | |
| a civilian police force who work in urban areas | |
| a highly specialized criminal investigation police | |
| the Public Ministry. | |
| 2001 | |
| 10 days worth of personal use | |
| go to a rehab facility | |
| 50 percent | |
| 308 | |
| 3,092 | |
| 18 | |
| three | |
| Navy, Army and Air Force | |
| primarily as a self-defense force whose mission is to protect the territorial integrity of the country and provide humanitarian assistance and security | |
| 7,500 | |
| $5.2 billion, representing 2.1 percent of GDP | |
| 21,000 | |
| Pandur II APC | |
| Leopard 2 A6 tanks and M113 APC | |
| paratroopers, commandos and rangers | |
| 10,700 | |
| World War I and the Portuguese Colonial War | |
| 1961–1974 | |
| East Timor, Bosnia, Kosovo, Afghanistan, Somalia, Iraq (Nasiriyah) and Lebanon | |
| Angola in 1992 and in Guinea-Bissau in 1998 | |
| Pedro Passos Coelho | |
| improve the State's financial situation | |
| tax hikes, a freeze of civil service-related lower-wages and cuts of higher-wages by 14.3%, on top of the government's spending cuts | |
| 20% | |
| 1974 | |
| unclear Public–private partnerships and funding of numerous ineffective and unnecessary external consultancy and advisory of committees and firms | |
| Diário de Notícias | |
| 2007–08 | |
| Banco Português de Negócios (BPN) and Banco Privado Português (BPP) | |
| bad investments, embezzlement and accounting fraud | |
| its size, market share, and the political implications | |
| fraud | |
| the euro (€) | |
| Portuguese Escudo | |
| Banco de Portugal | |
| Lisbon and Porto metropolitan areas | |
| Golf | |
| 1974 | |
| PREC period | |
| changing to a system that is focused on exports, private investment and the development of the high-tech sector | |
| textiles, clothing, footwear and cork | |
| cork | |
| European Commission, European Central Bank and International Monetary Fund | |
| 2011 | |
| €78 billion | |
| May 2014 | |
| 15.3 percent | |
| small to medium-sized family-owned dispersed units | |
| Grupo RAR's Vitacress, Sovena, Lactogal, Vale da Rosa, Companhia das Lezírias and Valouro | |
| tomatoes, citrus, green vegetables, rice, corn, barley, olives, oilseeds, nuts, cherries, bilberry, table grapes, edible mushrooms | |
| dairy products, poultry and beef | |
| Ramirez | |
| Bom Petisco, Nero, Combate, Comur, General, Líder, Manná, Murtosa, Pescador, Pitéu, Tenório, Torreira and Vasco da Gama | |
| fish | |
| copper | |
| tin, tungsten and uranium | |
| hydrocarbon | |
| north | |
| 1974 revolution and the consequent economic globalization | |
| Volkswagen Autoeuropa and Peugeot Citroen | |
| Embraer and OGMA | |
| Palmela | |
| Alverca, Covilhã, Évora, and Ponte de Sor | |
| Lisbon, Porto, Braga, Coimbra and Aveiro | |
| increase | |
| Eastern European destinations | |
| focus upon its niche attractions | |
| health, nature and rural tourism | |
| The Economist | |
| 65% | |
| 10.2% | |
| negative | |
| 2011 | |
| that the country would request financial assistance from the IMF and the European Financial Stability Facility | |
| third | |
| Carnation's Revolution | |
| financial weakness | |
| 70.8 | |
| 62.4 | |
| slow and inefficient | |
| Italy | |
| over 30 | |
| Passos Coelho | |
| significant government plan for the public sector, whereby 30,000 jobs will be cut and the number of weekly working hours will be increased from 35 to 40 hours | |
| austerity measures are necessary if Portugal seeks to avoid another monetary bailout grant | |
| European Commission, European Central Bank and International Monetary Fund | |
| 66 | |
| pensions, unemployment benefits, health, education and science expenses | |
| English | |
| social unrest and to confrontations between several institutions | |
| third quarter of 2014 | |
| 17.7% | |
| 7.3% | |
| December 2009 | |
| Lisbon, Algarve, Madeira, Porto and the city of Coimbra | |
| Fátima | |
| Blessed Virgin Mary to three shepherd children | |
| Douro Valley, the island of Porto Santo, and Alentejo | |
| Lisbon | |
| fast economic growth with increasing consumption and purchase of new automobiles | |
| new motorways | |
| 68,732 km (42,708 mi) | |
| 1944 | |
| 89,015 km2 (34,369 sq mi) | |
| four | |
| Lisbon, Porto, Faro and Beja | |
| geographical position | |
| TAP Portugal | |
| Spain | |
| Comboios de Portugal | |
| 2,791 km (1,734 mi) | |
| 1,430 km (889 mi) | |
| 900 km (559 mi) | |
| Lisbon Metro and Metro Sul do Tejo in the Lisbon Metropolitan Area and Porto Metro in the Porto Metropolitan Area | |
| more than 35 km (22 mi) | |
| Companhia de Carris de Ferro de Lisboa (Carris) | |
| over a century | |
| R&D units belonging to public universities and state-managed autonomous research institutions | |
| INETI – Instituto Nacional de Engenharia, Tecnologia e Inovação | |
| Ministry of Science, Technology and Higher Education (MCTES) | |
| Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência and the Champalimaud Foundation | |
| neuroscience and oncology research centre | |
| one of the highest monetary prizes of any science prize in the world | |
| 1779 | |
| Lisbon Oceanarium | |
| scientific and technological culture among the Portuguese population | |
| Science Museum of the University of Coimbra, the National Museum of Natural History at the University of Lisbon, and the Visionarium | |
| the emergence and growth of several science parks throughout the world | |
| Taguspark (in Oeiras), the Coimbra iParque (in Coimbra), the biocant (in Cantanhede), the Madeira Tecnopolo (in Funchal) | |
| take advantage of a variety of services ranging from financial and legal advice through to marketing and technological support | |
| wind and river power | |
| Moura, in the south | |
| Norte region | |
| 29% | |
| Redes Energéticas Nacionais (REN) | |
| uses sophisticated modeling to predict weather, especially wind patterns, and computer programs to calculate energy from the various renewable-energy plants | |
| hydropower plants on its rivers | |
| wind-driven turbines | |
| setting a premium price | |
| 10,562,178 | |
| 52% | |
| 48% | |
| Catholicism | |
| Mouriscos | |
| Paleolithic peoples | |
| 45,000 years ago | |
| Paleolithic | |
| colonial history | |
| Atlantic Ocean | |
| Angola and Mozambique | |
| Portuguese | |
| 10,617,575 | |
| 81.0% | |
| Protestant, Latter-day Saint, Muslim, Hindu, Sikh, Eastern Orthodox Church, Jehovah's Witnesses, Baha'i, Buddhist, Jewish and Spiritist | |
| 6.8% | |
| 8.3% | |
| Christian | |
| 13th and 14th | |
| formation of the First Portuguese Republic | |
| 1910–26 | |
| 25 July 1139 | |
| victories for the coming battles, as well as God's wish to act through Afonso | |
| in order to create an empire which would carry His name to unknown lands | |
| Portuguese | |
| Romance | |
| Galicia and Northern Portugal | |
| Galician-Portuguese | |
| Latin | |
| Pre-Roman peoples of the Iberian Peninsula | |
| 1415 and 1999 | |
| five | |
| Brazil | |
| 99 percent | |
| 100 percent | |
| Over 35% | |
| 50% | |
| 1290 | |
| Lisbon | |
| Coimbra | |
| the Real Academia de Artilharia, Fortificação e Desenho of Rio de Janeiro | |
| the Escola Médico-Cirúrgica of Goa | |
| 2006 | |
| public money | |
| over 23 years old | |
| developing health policy as well as managing the SNS | |
| Five | |
| implementing the national health policy objectives, developing guidelines and protocols and supervising health care delivery | |
| noncommunicable diseases | |
| ischaemic heart disease and cerebrovascular disease | |
| cerebrovascular disease | |
| 12% | |
| children as well as among women younger than 44 years | |
| self-reporting at the household level | |
| one third | |
| 1990s and 2000s | |
| 1956 | |
| Lisbon | |
| Belém Cultural Centre in Lisbon, Serralves Foundation and the Casa da Música | |
| fifteen | |
| Portuguese late Gothic | |
| a sumptuous, composite Portuguese style of architectural ornamentation of the first decades of the 16th century | |
| A 20th-century interpretation of traditional architecture | |
| Eduardo Souto de Moura, Álvaro Siza Vieira (both Pritzker Prize winners) and Gonçalo Byrne | |
| stadium design | |
| late 19th century | |
| Arthur Duarte, António Lopes Ribeiro, António Reis, Pedro Costa, Manoel de Oliveira, João César Monteiro, António-Pedro Vasconcelos, Fernando Lopes | |
| Joaquim de Almeida, Daniela Ruah, Maria de Medeiros, Diogo Infante, Soraia Chaves, Ribeirinho, Lúcia Moniz, and Diogo Morgado | |
| late 19th century | |
| Arthur Duarte, António Lopes Ribeiro, António Reis, Pedro Costa, Manoel de Oliveira, João César Monteiro, António-Pedro Vasconcelos, Fernando Lopes | |
| Joaquim de Almeida, Daniela Ruah, Maria de Medeiros, Diogo Infante, Soraia Chaves, Ribeirinho, Lúcia Moniz, and Diogo Morgado | |
| Adventurer and poet | |
| "Os Lusíadas" (The Lusiads) | |
| Virgil's Aeneid | |
| neoclassic and contemporary styles | |
| Almeida Garrett, Camilo Castelo Branco, Eça de Queiroz, Fernando Pessoa, Sophia de Mello Breyner Andresen, António Lobo Antunes and Miguel Torga | |
| bacalhau | |
| grilled sardines and caldeirada | |
| a potato-based stew that can be made from several types of fish | |
| beef, pork, lamb, or chicken | |
| arroz de sarrabulho (rice stewed in pigs blood) or the arroz de cabidela (rice and chickens meat stewed in chickens blood) | |
| Francesinha (Frenchie) from Porto, and bifanas (grilled pork) or prego (grilled beef) sandwiches | |
| in the many medieval Catholic monasteries spread widely across the country | |
| almonds, flour, eggs and some liquor | |
| pastéis de Belém (or pastéis de nata) originally from Lisbon, and ovos moles from Aveiro | |
| since the times of the Romans | |
| Bacchus | |
| Vinho Verde, Vinho Alvarinho, Vinho do Douro, Vinho do Alentejo, Vinho do Dão, Vinho da Bairrada and the sweet: Port Wine, Madeira Wine | |
| Port and Madeira | |
| Festival Sudoeste in Zambujeira do Mar, Festival de Paredes de Coura in Paredes de Coura, Festival Vilar de Mouros near Caminha, | |
| Flowfest or Hip Hop Porto | |
| one of the largest international Goa trance festivals takes place in central Portugal every two years | |
| European Festival Award 2010 – Green'n'Clean Festival of the Year and the Greener Festival Award Outstanding 2008 and 2010 | |
| 2005 | |
| Artur Pizarro, Maria João Pires, Sequeira Costa | |
| Carlos Damas, Gerardo Ribeiro | |
| José Vianna da Motta, Carlos Seixas, João Domingos Bomtempo, João de Sousa Carvalho, Luís de Freitas Branco and his student Joly Braga Santos | |
| Nuno Malo and Miguel d'Oliveira | |
| 20th century | |
| French painters, particularly by the Delaunays | |
| Canção Popular a Russa e o Fígaro | |
| Vieira da Silva, Júlio Pomar, Helena Almeida, Joana Vasconcelos, Julião Sarmento and Paula Rego | |
| Football | |
| Eusébio | |
| Luís Figo and Cristiano Ronaldo | |
| FIFA World Player of the Year | |
| José Mourinho, André Villas-Boas, Fernando Santos, Carlos Queiroz and Manuel José | |
| SL Benfica, FC Porto, and Sporting CP | |
| "os três grandes" ("the big three") | |
| eight | |
| roller hockey, basketball, futsal, handball, and volleyball | |
| Portuguese Football Federation (FPF) – Federação Portuguesa de Futebol | |
| 1977 | |
| hip hop | |
| Omari | |
| June 8, 1977 | |
| Roc-A-Fella Records | |
| Jay-Z and Alicia Keys | |
| 7 | |
| Jay-Z | |
| Chicago | |
| producer | |
| 2004 | |
| 7 | |
| 32 million | |
| 100 million | |
| Grammy | |
| 3 | |
| Time | |
| 32 million | |
| 21 | |
| 3 | |
| 2005 and 2015 | |
| English | |
| Atlanta | |
| Good Water Store and Café | |
| Chicago State University | |
| Polaris High School | |
| Nanjing, China | |
| foreigner | |
| A's and B's | |
| 10 | |
| Nanjing University | |
| poetry | |
| "Green Eggs and Ham" | |
| DJ No I.D. | |
| writing poetry | |
| Green Eggs and Ham | |
| No I.D. | |
| American Academy of Art | |
| 20 | |
| Chicago's American Academy of Art | |
| English | |
| 20 | |
| College Dropout | |
| local artists | |
| classic soul records | |
| Go-Getters | |
| mid-1990s | |
| mid-1990s | |
| Deric "D-Dot" Angelettie | |
| Go-Getters | |
| Hustle Period | |
| 1999 | |
| Foxy Brown | |
| Ma$e, Raekwon, and Eminem. | |
| Foxy Brown | |
| Tell 'Em Why U Madd | |
| Roc-A-Fella Records | |
| The Blueprint | |
| 2000 | |
| The Blueprint | |
| rapper | |
| Capitol Records | |
| rapper | |
| gangsta image | |
| Capitol Records | |
| Joe Weinberger | |
| Roc-A-Fella | |
| a producer | |
| Joe Weinberger | |
| Roc-A-Fella | |
| Through The Wire | |
| Get Well Soon... | |
| The College Dropout | |
| October 23, 2002 | |
| "Through The Wire" | |
| Get Well Soon | |
| it was leaked | |
| 3 | |
| Los Angeles | |
| 3 | |
| August 2003 | |
| 2 | |
| 2 | |
| Jesus Walks | |
| GOOD Music | |
| February 2004 | |
| "Slow Jamz" | |
| 10 | |
| GOOD Music | |
| string orchestra | |
| Jon Brion | |
| Late Registration | |
| 2.3 million | |
| Portishead | |
| Late Registration | |
| 2.3 million | |
| Best New Artist | |
| Hurricane Katrina | |
| Rolling Stone | |
| Best New Artist | |
| Mike Myers | |
| Rolling Stone | |
| A Concert for Hurricane Relief | |
| U2 | |
| large arenas | |
| Bob Dylan and Johnny Cash | |
| U2 | |
| 1980s | |
| The Rolling Stones | |
| Bob Dylan | |
| Graduation | |
| 50 Cent | |
| 957,000 | |
| Daft Punk | |
| Graduation | |
| 50 Cent | |
| Daft Punk | |
| Alexis Phifer | |
| Auto-Tune | |
| 2007 | |
| Alexis Phifer | |
| Glow in the Dark Tour | |
| Hawaii | |
| "Love Lockdown" | |
| Island Def Jam | |
| 808s & Heartbreak | |
| Island Def Jam | |
| November 2008 | |
| Heartless | |
| Roland TR-808 drum machine | |
| Matthew Trammell | |
| Matthew Trammell | |
| 2009 MTV Video Music Awards | |
| Taylor Swift | |
| Lady Gaga | |
| 2009 | |
| Beyoncé | |
| Lady Gaga | |
| 52nd Grammy Awards | |
| Hawaii | |
| fashion | |
| Hawaii | |
| My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy | |
| Album of the Year | |
| My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy | |
| November 2010 | |
| "All of the Lights" | |
| GOOD Fridays | |
| Coachella | |
| Jay-Z | |
| Cannes Film Festival | |
| Coachella | |
| Watch the Throne | |
| "Niggas in Paris" | |
| 2012 | |
| 2012 Cannes Film Festival | |
| Paris | |
| Yeezus | |
| Kendrick Lamar | |
| 2013 | |
| architecture | |
| Yeezus | |
| June 18, 2013 | |
| Kendrick Lamar | |
| North | |
| Adidas | |
| Paul McCartney | |
| 2015 BRIT Awards | |
| Kim Kardashian | |
| North | |
| Florence | |
| Paul McCartney | |
| Yeezy Season 1 | |
| SWISH | |
| Art Institute of Chicago | |
| 135,000 | |
| So Help Me God | |
| School of the Art Institute of Chicago | |
| 135,000 | |
| February 11 | |
| Waves | |
| Wiz Khalifa | |
| The Life of Pablo | |
| Tidal | |
| "Facts" | |
| Waves | |
| Wiz Khalifa | |
| Yeezy Season 3 | |
| David Bowie | |
| Wu-Tang Clan | |
| chipmunk soul | |
| David Bowie | |
| Puff Daddy | |
| "This Can't Be Life" | |
| Jon Brion | |
| orchestral elements, including string arrangements, piano chords, brass flecks, and horn riffs among other symphonic instrumentation | |
| a string section | |
| Jon Brion | |
| Portishead | |
| Graduation | |
| more atmospheric, rock-tinged, electronic-influenced soundscape | |
| melody and chord progression | |
| 2007 | |
| electropop | |
| Gary Numan, TJ Swan and Boy George | |
| dense drums, lengthy strings, droning synthesizers, and somber piano | |
| Boy George | |
| post-punk | |
| Rolling Stone | |
| My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy | |
| Simon Vozick-Levinson | |
| Jon Brion | |
| DJ Toomp | |
| 808s & Heartbreak | |
| My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy | |
| a protest to music | |
| Le Corbusier | |
| 2013 | |
| Yeezus | |
| clothing line | |
| cancelled | |
| September 2005 | |
| 2009 | |
| Nike | |
| Louis Vuitton | |
| women | |
| mixed-to-negative reviews | |
| March 6, 2012 | |
| October 1, 2011 | |
| DW Kanye West | |
| October 1, 2011 | |
| DW Kanye West | |
| mixed-to-negative | |
| March 6, 2012 | |
| Adidas | |
| 3 | |
| Adidas Yeezy Boosts | |
| 9000 | |
| Adidas Yeezy Boosts | |
| 2015 | |
| The Life of Pablo | |
| Fatburger | |
| 2 | |
| shut down | |
| Fatburger | |
| 2 | |
| 2011 | |
| KW Foods LLC | |
| GOOD Music | |
| Pusha T | |
| 2004 | |
| John Legend | |
| Pusha T | |
| to make products and experiences that people want and can afford | |
| mother Donda West | |
| January 5, 2012 | |
| Tidal | |
| Jay-Z | |
| low payout of royalties | |
| Tidal | |
| lossless audio and high definition music videos | |
| Jay Z | |
| Spotify | |
| Kanye West Foundation | |
| battle dropout and illiteracy rates, while partnering with community organizations to provide underprivileged youth access to music education | |
| Kanye West Foundation | |
| 2007 | |
| Chicago | |
| music education | |
| "Ed in '08" | |
| August | |
| The Dr. Donda West Foundation | |
| 2011 | |
| 2008 | |
| The Dr. Donda West Foundation | |
| 2008 | |
| 100 Black Men of America, a Live Earth concert benefit, World Water Day rally | |
| A Concert for Hurricane Relief | |
| George W. Bush | |
| George W. Bush | |
| September 2, 2005 | |
| Rick Kaplan cut off the microphone and then cut away to Chris Tucker | |
| George Bush | |
| "one of the most disgusting moments" of his presidency | |
| Matt Lauer | |
| Kazakhstan | |
| $3 million | |
| one of the poorest | |
| Kazakhstan | |
| Arizona | |
| human rights concerns | |
| Jimmy Kimmel Live! | |
| an apology | |
| Jimmy Kimmel | |
| Zane Lowe | |
| BBC Radio 1 | |
| Obama | |
| Jewish people | |
| November 26, 2013 | |
| December 21, 2013 | |
| Bill Cosby | |
| Bill Cosby | |
| Gretchen Wilson | |
| Touch the Sky | |
| Gretchen Wilson | |
| Touch the Sky | |
| November 7, 2006 | |
| Saturday Night Live | |
| race | |
| Stronger | |
| his race | |
| "Stronger" | |
| Taylor Swift | |
| Obama | |
| President Barack Obama | |
| Taylor Swift | |
| Famous | |
| September 2010 | |
| November 8, 2010 | |
| The Life of Pablo | |
| Beck | |
| Beyoncé | |
| Beck | |
| February 26, 2015 | |
| Michael Jackson Video Vanguard Award | |
| 2020 | |
| Michael Jackson Video Vanguard Award | |
| Glastonbury Festival 2015 | |
| 2015 Pan American Games | |
| Change.org | |
| Glastonbury Festival | |
| 50,000 | |
| Alexis Phifer | |
| Amber Rose | |
| Kim Kardashian | |
| 2 | |
| 2002 | |
| August 2006 | |
| Amber Rose | |
| April 2012 | |
| Armenian Apostolic Church at the Cathedral of St. James | |
| 58 | |
| Andre Aboolian | |
| 7:35 pm | |
| heart disease | |
| Andre Aboolian | |
| Jan Adams | |
| Larry King Live | |
| "coronary artery disease and multiple post-operative factors due to or as a consequence of liposuction and mammoplasty" | |
| Ed McPherson | |
| violating patient confidentiality | |
| Larry King Live | |
| January 10, 2008 | |
| Oklahoma City | |
| "Hey Mama", as well as a cover of Journey's "Don't Stop Believin'" | |
| Oklahoma City | |
| November 20, 2007 | |
| November 22 | |
| Glow in the Dark tour | |
| New Zealand | |
| New Zealand | |
| Arnold Schwarzenegger | |
| Arnold Schwarzenegger | |
| "Donda West Law" | |
| Robert "Evel" Knievel | |
| days before his death in November 2007 | |
| Robert "Evel" Knievel | |
| Evel Kanyevel | |
| November 2007 | |
| felony vandalism | |
| $20,000 | |
| one count of misdemeanor vandalism, one count of grand theft and one count of battery | |
| September 11, 2008 | |
| felony vandalism | |
| Don "Don C." Crowley | |
| $20,000 | |
| scuffle involving a photographer outside the famous Tup Tup Palace nightclub in Newcastle | |
| November 14, 2008 | |
| Hilton hotel near Gateshead | |
| Tup Tup Palace nightclub | |
| Daniel Ramos | |
| misdemeanor criminal battery and attempted grand theft | |
| Daniel Ramos | |
| 2 | |
| anger management | |
| 250 | |
| Christian | |
| The College Dropout | |
| Christian | |
| among the most critically acclaimed | |
| David Bowie | |
| Jon Caramanic | |
| Ben Westhoff | |
| The Guardian | |
| homophobia in hip hop | |
| gangsta rap | |
| middle-class | |
| 50 Cent | |
| Ben Detrick | |
| influential | |
| inventor Elon Musk | |
| 6 | |
| over 30 million | |
| 6 | |
| Yeezus | |
| 3,086,000 | |
| third | |
| 30 million | |
| 21 | |
| Bob Dylan | |
| twice | |
| 21 | |
| 8 | |
| May 16, 2008 | |
| MTV Man of the Year | |
| Bob Dylan | |
| 3 | |
| 3 | |
| My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy | |
| eighth | |
| The Pitchfork | |
| Yeezus | |
| "Runaway" | |
| George W. Bush | |
| Taylor Swift | |
| clothing and footwear | |
| DONDA | |
| 2013 | |
| nontheistic | |
| teachings attributed to Gautama Buddha | |
| present-day Nepal | |
| through the direct understanding and perception of dependent origination and the Four Noble Truths | |
| ignorance and craving | |
| nontheistic religion | |
| Gautama Buddha | |
| between the 6th and 4th centuries BCE | |
| present-day Nepal | |
| Gautama Buddha | |
| Nepal | |
| sometime between the 6th and 4th centuries BCE | |
| Gautama Buddha | |
| 4 | |
| Indian | |
| Buddha | |
| Theravada ("The School of the Elders") and Mahayana ("The Great Vehicle") | |
| Vajrayana | |
| Sri Lanka and Southeast Asia | |
| Pure Land, Zen, Nichiren Buddhism, Shingon, and Tiantai (Tendai) | |
| 488 million[web 1] and 535 million | |
| Mahayana | |
| Vajrayana | |
| Vajrayana | |
| Indian siddhas | |
| The School of the Elders | |
| the attainment of the sublime state of Nirvana | |
| practicing the Noble Eightfold Path (also known as the Middle Way) | |
| a state wherein one remains in this cycle to help other beings reach awakening | |
| Buddhahood or rainbow body | |
| by practicing the Noble Eightfold Path | |
| Theravada | |
| Tibetan | |
| the Middle Way | |
| bodhisattva | |
| suffering and rebirth | |
| the Buddha, the Dharma (the teachings), and the Sangha (the community) | |
| cultivation of higher wisdom and discernment | |
| Ten Meritorious Deeds | |
| renouncing conventional living and becoming a monastic | |
| creator | |
| greediness | |
| Mahayana | |
| Nidānakathā of the Jataka tales of the Theravada | |
| Buddhacarita, the Lokottaravādin Mahāvastu, and the Sarvāstivādin Lalitavistara Sūtra | |
| Most accept that he lived, taught and founded a monastic order | |
| 5th century CE | |
| the Buddhacarita | |
| Buddha | |
| Buddha | |
| monastic | |
| 5th ce | |
| Michael Carrithers | |
| birth, maturity, renunciation | |
| Karen Armstrong | |
| Siddhatta Gotama | |
| disciples | |
| Michael Carrithers | |
| the Buddha | |
| Siddhatta Gotama | |
| fifth century BCE | |
| in a community that was on the periphery, both geographically and culturally, of the northeastern Indian subcontinent | |
| It was either a small republic, in which case his father was an elected chieftain, or an oligarchy, in which case his father was an oligarch. | |
| the northeastern Indian subcontinent | |
| fifth century BCE | |
| a small republic | |
| early texts | |
| an oligarchy | |
| Siddhārtha Gautama | |
| elected chieftain | |
| Asita | |
| Siddhartha would either become a great king or renounce the material world to become a holy man | |
| depending on whether he saw what life was like outside the palace walls | |
| an astrologer | |
| Suddhodana | |
| a great king | |
| Asita | |
| Suddhodana | |
| holy man | |
| prevented him from leaving the palace grounds | |
| 29 | |
| he learned of the suffering of ordinary people | |
| encountering an old man, a sick man, a corpse and, finally, an ascetic holy man | |
| a king | |
| 29 | |
| the four sights | |
| abandon royal life | |
| a king | |
| 29 | |
| four | |
| corpse | |
| went to study with famous religious teachers of the day | |
| the Middle Way | |
| prolonged fasting, breath-holding, and exposure to pain | |
| meditation | |
| asceticism | |
| milk and rice | |
| Middle Way | |
| they did not provide a permanent end to suffering | |
| milk and rice | |
| anapanasati | |
| the Middle Way | |
| 35 | |
| Ficus religiosa | |
| he spent the rest of his life teaching the path of awakening he had discovered | |
| 80 | |
| Jaya Sri Maha Bodhi | |
| Ficus religiosa | |
| Bodhi Tree | |
| 80 | |
| Bodhi Tree | |
| Ficus religiosa | |
| Bodh Gaya | |
| Jaya Sri Maha Bodhi | |
| the continual repetitive cycle of birth and death | |
| ignorance | |
| suffering, anxiety, dissatisfaction | |
| In the Buddhist view, liberation from samsara is possible by following the Buddhist path. | |
| Samsara | |
| six | |
| ignorance | |
| by following the Buddhist path | |
| the continual repetitive cycle of birth and death | |
| six | |
| psychological | |
| avidya | |
| following the Buddhist path | |
| action, work | |
| the force that drives saṃsāra | |
| sīla | |
| actions of body, speech or mind that spring from mental intent | |
| action, work | |
| sīla | |
| cetanā | |
| vipāka | |
| the force that drives saṃsāra | |
| sīla | |
| result | |
| Theravada Buddhism | |
| the Lotus Sutra, the Aṅgulimālīya Sūtra and the Mahāyāna Mahāparinirvāṇa Sūtra | |
| Vajrayana | |
| Amitābha | |
| Theravada Buddhism | |
| Amitābha | |
| Mahayana | |
| negative | |
| Genshin | |
| Amitābha | |
| Rebirth | |
| The doctrine of anattā (Sanskrit anātman) | |
| the laws of cause and effect | |
| from conception to death. | |
| karma | |
| Rebirth | |
| anatta | |
| pratītyasamutpāda | |
| eternal soul | |
| skilled Buddhist practitioners known as anāgāmis (non-returners) | |
| those who can meditate on the arūpajhānas, the highest object of meditation | |
| 31 | |
| Pure Abodes | |
| anāgāmis | |
| formless realms | |
| arūpajhānas | |
| 31 | |
| anāgāmis | |
| arūpajhānas | |
| formless realms | |
| East Asian and Tibetan | |
| Theravada | |
| Samyutta Nikaya of the Pali Canon | |
| bardo | |
| Theravada | |
| Samyutta Nikaya | |
| East Asian | |
| East Asian and Tibetan | |
| orthodox | |
| Pali | |
| the Four Noble Truths | |
| the nature of dukkha (suffering, anxiety, unsatisfactoriness), its causes, and how it can be overcome | |
| the Four Noble Truths | |
| suffering | |
| Four Noble Truths | |
| dukkha | |
| the nature of dukkha | |
| "suffering", "anxiety", "unsatisfactoriness", "unease", etc. | |
| Dukkha | |
| suffering | |
| anxiety | |
| three | |
| unsatisfactoriness | |
| Dukkha | |
| three | |
| that the origin of dukkha can be known | |
| craving (Pali: tanha) conditioned by ignorance (Pali: avijja) | |
| the complete cessation of dukkha is possible | |
| identifies a path to this cessation | |
| dukkha can be known. | |
| craving | |
| ignorance | |
| the origin of dukkha can be known | |
| ignorance | |
| true nature of things | |
| dukkha | |
| The Noble Eightfold Path | |
| lead to the cessation of dukkha | |
| Right View (or Right Understanding), Right Intention (or Right Thought), Right Speech, Right Action, Right Livelihood, Right Effort, Right Mindfulness, and Right Concentration | |
| the fourth | |
| Eight | |
| the cessation of dukkha | |
| Right Action | |
| the fourth | |
| eight | |
| dukkha | |
| Ajahn Sucitto | |
| as eight significant dimensions of one's behaviour | |
| mental, spoken, and bodily | |
| Ajahn Sucitto | |
| the yoga practice of his teacher Kalama with what later became known as "the immeasurables" | |
| one without egotism | |
| brahmaviharas, divine abodes, or simply as four immeasurables | |
| mettā or loving-kindness meditation | |
| wholesome attitudes towards all sentient beings | |
| Kalama | |
| egotism | |
| love, compassion, joy, and equanimity | |
| Pema Chödrön | |
| meditation | |
| prior to his enlightenment | |
| the Middle Way | |
| enlightenment | |
| Abhidharma, Buddhist philosophy and Reality in Buddhism | |
| Some schools of Buddhism discourage doctrinal study, and some regard it as essential practice. | |
| Buddhist scholars | |
| doctrinal | |
| liberation | |
| suffering (dukkha) and the cycle of incessant rebirths (saṃsāra) | |
| nirvāṇa | |
| nirvāṇa | |
| objects | |
| three | |
| all compounded or conditioned phenomena (all things and experiences) are inconstant, unsteady, and impermanent | |
| in the aging process, the cycle of rebirth (saṃsāra), and in any experience of loss | |
| because things are impermanent | |
| Everything | |
| ceasing to be | |
| saṃsāra | |
| suffering | |
| suffering, pain, unsatisfactoriness, sorrow, affliction, anxiety, dissatisfaction, discomfort, anguish, stress, misery, and frustration | |
| disquietude | |
| realistic | |
| Buddhism | |
| disquietude | |
| disquietude | |
| dukkha | |
| Not-self (Pāli: anatta; Sanskrit: anātman) | |
| suffering | |
| the Buddha refused to answer | |
| neither the respective parts nor the person as a whole comprise a self | |
| Not-self | |
| Nikayas | |
| "I have no Self" | |
| skandhas | |
| pratītyasamutpāda, (Sanskrit; Pali: paticcasamuppāda; Tibetan Wylie: rten cing 'brel bar 'byung ba; Chinese: 緣起) | |
| "dependent origination", "conditioned genesis", "dependent relationship", "dependent co-arising", "interdependent arising", or "contingency" | |
| Buddhist | |
| the scheme of Twelve Nidānas | |
| the continuation of the cycle of suffering and rebirth (saṃsāra) in detail. | |
| Twelve Nidānas | |
| cause, foundation, source or origin | |
| The Twelve Nidānas | |
| The Twelve Nidānas | |
| by attaining Nirvana | |
| ignorance | |
| the absence of the others | |
| Sentient beings | |
| dukkha | |
| attaining Nirvana | |
| ignorance | |
| śūnyatā | |
| emptiness | |
| ātman | |
| phenomena | |
| Sarvastivada teachings | |
| Vasubandhu and Asanga | |
| cittamatra | |
| Vasubandhu and Asanga | |
| Buddha-nature | |
| perfected spiritual insight | |
| Sakya | |
| Jonang | |
| tathāgatagarbha | |
| Nirvana | |
| nirvana | |
| arahant | |
| Bodhi | |
| nirvana | |
| raga | |
| dosa | |
| delusion | |
| bodhisattva | |
| a buddha | |
| nirvana | |
| parinirvana | |
| a Buddha | |
| Samsara | |
| suffering | |
| 28 | |
| Maitreya | |
| celestial | |
| reality | |
| arahants | |
| Bodhi | |
| anagami | |
| Buddha | |
| Buddha | |
| Mahayana | |
| existence | |
| monks | |
| śūnyatā | |
| bodhisattvas | |
| Pure Land | |
| Pure Land | |
| Amitabha | |
| Gautama Buddha | |
| A Buddha era | |
| Gautama Buddha | |
| Gautama Buddha | |
| Mahayana Buddhists | |
| Theravada | |
| Pure Land | |
| enlightenment being | |
| bodhicitta | |
| Mahayana | |
| Mahayana | |
| Mahayana | |
| Mahayana | |
| bodhisattva vow | |
| dāna, śīla, kṣanti, vīrya, dhyāna, and prajñā | |
| the 14th Dalai Lama | |
| Buddhists | |
| bowing, offerings, pilgrimage, and chanting | |
| meditative | |
| the Buddha | |
| Brahminic | |
| liberating | |
| the yogis | |
| mindfulness and clear awareness | |
| vision | |
| meditative | |
| transcendent wisdom | |
| Buddhist texts | |
| Buddhist texts | |
| Upanishads | |
| meditation | |
| contemplative | |
| Nasadiya Sukta | |
| the Three Jewels | |
| Majjhima Nikaya | |
| Tibetan | |
| essence. | |
| The Three Jewels | |
| Gautama Buddha | |
| Dharma | |
| Sangha | |
| Śīla | |
| pāramitā | |
| keeping the precepts | |
| Śīla | |
| keeping the precepts | |
| overall principles of ethical behavior | |
| precepts | |
| asceticism. | |
| training rules | |
| ethical | |
| lower | |
| third | |
| a precept of celibacy | |
| ten | |
| seventh | |
| the ten precepts | |
| vinaya | |
| 227 | |
| vinayapitaka | |
| counts | |
| life | |
| higher attainments | |
| islands unto themselves | |
| Mahayana Brahmajala | |
| meat | |
| Japan | |
| Zen | |
| jhānas | |
| right concentration | |
| samādhi | |
| defilement, calm, tranquil, and luminous | |
| jhāna | |
| vipassanā | |
| insight | |
| idea | |
| jhāna | |
| mind | |
| disturbed | |
| jñāna | |
| prajñā | |
| understanding | |
| craving | |
| defilements | |
| suffering and stress | |
| Nibbāna | |
| Four | |
| bodhi | |
| Prajñā | |
| sermons | |
| at any point | |
| conceptual understanding | |
| seon | |
| Zen | |
| Zen | |
| spiritual | |
| two | |
| Rinzai | |
| Zen | |
| True Self | |
| Thinking and thought | |
| Mahayana | |
| Diamond Vehicle | |
| Tantric | |
| ritual | |
| second half of the first millennium BCE | |
| the shramanas | |
| shramanas | |
| non-Vedic | |
| Greater Magadha | |
| Rajagrha | |
| 2nd or 3rd centuries | |
| in the Upanishads | |
| Pakudha Kaccayana | |
| Ajnanas | |
| Jains | |
| Vedic animal sacrifice | |
| hymn of the cosmic man | |
| animal sacrifices | |
| Vedas | |
| The reliability | |
| insight | |
| Rupa Jhanas | |
| Majjhima Nikaya | |
| rebirth | |
| karma | |
| dhyana | |
| meditative | |
| fourth | |
| liberating insight | |
| linear | |
| Nirvāna | |
| Nikayas | |
| Nirvāna | |
| the middle way | |
| eightfold | |
| prajna | |
| liberating insight | |
| person | |
| three | |
| five | |
| Early Buddhism | |
| Sectarian | |
| Esoteric Buddhism | |
| Vajrayana | |
| Pre-sectarian | |
| rebirth | |
| Noble Eightfold | |
| Buddhist | |
| Ānanda | |
| sūtras | |
| abhidhamma | |
| the Second | |
| the Second Council | |
| 100 BCE | |
| Mahasanghikas | |
| Mahasanghika | |
| the vinaya | |
| Sthaviras | |
| monasteries | |
| doctrinal | |
| Abhidharma | |
| summaries or numerical lists | |
| 3rd century BCE | |
| Mahasanghika | |
| Prajñāpāramitā | |
| Āndhra | |
| Prajñāpāramitā | |
| 1st century BCE | |
| Āndhra | |
| third | |
| South | |
| Buddhism | |
| Vinaya | |
| monasteries | |
| Chinese | |
| Lokakṣema | |
| Prajñāpāramitā | |
| 1st | |
| Madhyamaka, Yogacara, Tathagatagarbha, and Buddhist Logic | |
| Buddhist Logic | |
| Yogacara | |
| Ashoka | |
| stūpas | |
| Buddhist religious memorials | |
| west | |
| missionaries | |
| to spread Buddhism | |
| Persian and Greek | |
| Menander | |
| 3rd century | |
| 3rd century | |
| 2nd century CE | |
| 2nd century CE | |
| Korea and Japan | |
| 8th century onwards | |
| Buddhist | |
| the teachings of the Buddha | |
| the Buddhist community | |
| progressive | |
| Modern influences | |
| second half of the 20th Century | |
| neo-Buddhism | |
| Nichiren Buddhism: Soka Gakkai | |
| Value Creation Society | |
| Soka Gakkai International | |
| SGI | |
| Buddhism | |
| China | |
| 244 million | |
| 360 million | |
| 150 million | |
| Seven million | |
| 138 million | |
| 495 million | |
| 487 million | |
| lesser vehicle | |
| Hinayana | |
| concepts | |
| Buddhist ecumenical organization | |
| Theravada | |
| ancestral Sthāvirīya | |
| Pali Canon | |
| the west | |
| Theravadin | |
| merit | |
| Nālandā University | |
| Mahayana Sutras | |
| the Buddha | |
| Lotus Sutra and the Mahaparinirvana Sutra | |
| Eastern Buddhism | |
| Northern Buddhism | |
| the Pure Land school of Mahayana | |
| Saivism | |
| Buddhists | |
| The Guhyasiddhi of Padmavajra | |
| Buddhist | |
| objects | |
| text | |
| āgamas | |
| core | |
| size and complexity of the Buddhist canons | |
| Dhammapada | |
| Buddhism | |
| Theravada | |
| Zen | |
| The Buddha and His Dhamma | |
| Pāli Tipitaka | |
| the Vinaya Pitaka, the Sutta Pitaka, and the Abhidhamma Pitaka | |
| Vinaya Pitaka | |
| the Sutta Pitaka | |
| Abhidhamma Pitaka | |
| Pāli Tipitaka | |
| five or seven | |
| Mahākāśyapa | |
| to record the Buddha's teachings | |
| Upāli | |
| Ānanda | |
| dhamma | |
| Theravadin | |
| The Theravadins | |
| Mahayana sutras | |
| Mahayana sutras | |
| Sarvastivada Abhidharma | |
| Mahayana | |
| the Great Vehicle | |
| bodhisattva path | |
| Mahayana | |
| Mahayana | |
| Mahayana tradition | |
| six hundred | |
| East Asian Buddhism | |
| after the 5th century CE | |
| Hinayana | |
| the Theravada | |
| Sri Lanka | |
| hinayana | |
| Hinayana | |
| Śrāvakayāna | |
| Buddhism | |
| ethics | |
| moral and spiritual | |
| Christianity | |
| scientific | |
| Buddhism | |
| Buddhism | |
| Simon Fuller | |
| 19 Entertainment | |
| 2002 | |
| Pop Idol | |
| Fox | |
| 19 Entertainment | |
| Pop Idol | |
| Simon Fuller | |
| 19 Entertainment | |
| June 11, 2002 | |
| Pop Idol | |
| Randy Jackson | |
| Brian Dunkleman | |
| Jennifer Lopez | |
| Ryan Seacrest | |
| Brian Dunkleman | |
| Paula Abdul | |
| Jennifer Lopez | |
| Randy Jackson | |
| Paula Abdul | |
| Simon Cowell | |
| Keith Urban | |
| Harry Connick, Jr. | |
| 345 | |
| Kelly Clarkson | |
| a rival TV executive | |
| Carrie Underwood | |
| Fantasia | |
| Carrie Underwood | |
| Fantasia | |
| 345 | |
| a rival TV executive | |
| 2015 | |
| 2015 | |
| 15 | |
| eight | |
| May 11, 2015 | |
| Popstars | |
| Simon Fuller | |
| 2001 | |
| Simon Cowell | |
| Nigel Lythgoe | |
| Popstars | |
| Nigel Lythgoe | |
| telephone voting | |
| 2001 | |
| Lythgoe | |
| seven | |
| 2002 | |
| 2001 | |
| his daughter Elisabeth | |
| Rupert Murdoch | |
| American Idol: The Search for a Superstar | |
| eight | |
| four | |
| Angie Martinez | |
| Stryker | |
| four | |
| DJ Stryker | |
| Angie Martinez | |
| season eight | |
| Kara DioGuardi | |
| Ellen DeGeneres | |
| two | |
| 2010 | |
| The X Factor | |
| Kara DioGuardi | |
| before season nine | |
| January 11, 2010 | |
| Ellen DeGeneres | |
| season ten | |
| season two | |
| Adam Lambert | |
| season three | |
| season six | |
| season nine | |
| Lionel Richie and Robin Gibb | |
| season eight | |
| season three | |
| Ryan Seacrest | |
| Brian Dunkleman | |
| Randy Jackson | |
| Scott Borchetta | |
| song choice and performance | |
| Jimmy Iovine | |
| Randy Jackson | |
| Scott Borchetta | |
| twenty-eight | |
| season four | |
| semi-final stage | |
| at least three | |
| the judges | |
| a few hundred | |
| in front of the judges | |
| three | |
| producers | |
| Hollywood | |
| seven | |
| two and three | |
| usually three | |
| twelve | |
| three | |
| groups | |
| seasons two and three | |
| Las Vegas | |
| Sudden Death | |
| twelve | |
| 178 million | |
| ten | |
| Telescope Inc | |
| the semi-finals | |
| Over 110 million | |
| nearly 750 million | |
| ten | |
| wildcard | |
| three groups of ten | |
| four groups of eight | |
| season one | |
| ten | |
| 12 | |
| twenty-four | |
| by gender | |
| six | |
| six | |
| twelve | |
| four | |
| three | |
| five | |
| thirteen | |
| season eight | |
| three | |
| four | |
| 10 | |
| CBS Television City | |
| Jimmy Iovine | |
| thirteen | |
| eight | |
| CBS Television City | |
| Jimmy Iovine | |
| one | |
| top four or five | |
| eight | |
| once | |
| safety | |
| season six | |
| fourteen | |
| Fan Save | |
| Top 8 | |
| the Nokia Theatre | |
| 3,400 | |
| The finale | |
| Dolby Theatre | |
| 3,400 | |
| 6,000 | |
| Nokia Theatre | |
| 19 Management | |
| Big Machine Records | |
| three months | |
| a record deal | |
| 19 Management | |
| Big Machine Records | |
| a golden ticket | |
| a golden ticket | |
| the public | |
| seven | |
| Ray Chew | |
| ten | |
| Rickey Minor | |
| Rickey Minor | |
| Ray Chew | |
| seven | |
| Fox | |
| 2002 | |
| Brian Dunkleman | |
| June 2002 | |
| Fox | |
| Ryan Seacrest and Brian Dunkleman | |
| 121 | |
| around 10,000 | |
| Jim Verraros | |
| Tamyra Gray | |
| the hospital | |
| 121 | |
| 30 | |
| Delano Cagnolatti | |
| top four | |
| Christina Christian | |
| 2002 | |
| Justin Guarini | |
| September | |
| Justin Guarini | |
| Kelly Clarkson | |
| September 4, 2002 | |
| A Moment Like This | |
| From Justin to Kelly | |
| more than 23 million | |
| A Moment Like This | |
| the coronation song | |
| A Moment Like This | |
| The Beatles | |
| From Justin to Kelly | |
| more than 23 million | |
| 2003 | |
| Kristin Adams | |
| January 2003 | |
| Kristin Adams | |
| Paula Abdul | |
| Frenchie Davis | |
| Corey Clark | |
| Jaered Andrews | |
| Corey Clark | |
| Frenchie Davis | |
| Jaered Andrews | |
| Ruben Studdard | |
| 24 million | |
| Clay Aiken | |
| 134,000 | |
| Nigel Lythgoe | |
| Ruben Studdard | |
| Clay Aiken | |
| 134,000 | |
| 24 million | |
| Clay Aiken | |
| Flying Without Wings | |
| Josh Gracin | |
| This Is the Night | |
| Flying Without Wings | |
| This Is the Night | |
| Aiken | |
| Josh Gracin | |
| 2004 | |
| William Hung | |
| William Hung | |
| January 19, 2004 | |
| William Hung | |
| William Hung | |
| the Three Divas | |
| Jennifer Hudson | |
| Elton John | |
| John Stevens | |
| the Three Divas | |
| Jennifer Hudson | |
| Elton John | |
| John Stevens | |
| Diana DeGarmo | |
| I Believe | |
| Dreams | |
| Summertime | |
| Simon Cowell | |
| Fantasia and Diana DeGarmo | |
| Fantasia | |
| I Believe | |
| Nikko Smith | |
| Nikko Smith | |
| Freemantle Media | |
| Vazquez | |
| top 11 week | |
| the following night | |
| 2005 | |
| 65 million | |
| Inside Your Heaven | |
| Carrie Underwood | |
| May 2005 | |
| Carrie Underwood | |
| Inside Your Heaven | |
| 14 million | |
| Season five | |
| the Brittenum twins | |
| Season five | |
| January 17, 2006 | |
| the Brittenum twins | |
| Chris Daughtry | |
| Chris Daughtry | |
| Chris Daughtry | |
| Chris Daughtry | |
| lead singer | |
| Chris Daughtry | |
| I Walk the Line | |
| not crediting the arrangement to Live | |
| Taylor Hicks | |
| Do I Make You Proud | |
| My Destiny | |
| May 30, 2006 | |
| Taylor Hicks | |
| Do I Make You Proud | |
| My Destiny | |
| Chris Daughtry | |
| Daughtry | |
| Chris Daughtry | |
| Daughtry | |
| 2007 | |
| 37.3 million | |
| January 16, 2007 | |
| 37.3 million | |
| Sanjaya Malakar | |
| Howard Stern | |
| Vote for the Worst | |
| April 18 | |
| Sanjaya Malakar | |
| Sanjaya Malakar | |
| hair | |
| Vote for the Worst | |
| Howard Stern | |
| April 18 | |
| Idol Gives Back | |
| $76 million | |
| Melinda Doolittle | |
| Idol Gives Back | |
| Phil Stacey and Chris Richardson | |
| Melinda Doolittle | |
| Jordin Sparks | |
| Blake Lewis | |
| May 23 | |
| May 23 | |
| Jordin Sparks | |
| Blake Lewis | |
| 2005 | |
| over 100,000 | |
| 28 | |
| Season four | |
| Season four | |
| January 18, 2005 | |
| high definition | |
| over 100,000 | |
| 28 | |
| 2007 | |
| This Is My Now | |
| public vote | |
| American Idol Songwriter contest | |
| coronation song | |
| 20 | |
| This Is My Now | |
| May 24, 2007 | |
| 2008 | |
| David Hernandez | |
| Carly Smithson | |
| January 15, 2008 | |
| David Hernandez | |
| professional status | |
| Carly Smithson | |
| Billie Jean | |
| David Cook | |
| Chris Cornell | |
| March 11, 2008 | |
| March 11, 2008 | |
| Chris Cornell | |
| David Cook | |
| David Archuleta | |
| season ten | |
| Hallelujah | |
| Jeff Buckley | |
| iTunes | |
| John Lennon's "Imagine" | |
| Jennifer Lopez | |
| Jason Castro | |
| Jeff Buckley | |
| iTunes | |
| David Cook | |
| David Cook | |
| May 21, 2008 | |
| David Cook | |
| The Time of My Life | |
| The American Idol Songwriter contest | |
| 2008 | |
| The Time of My Life | |
| May 22, 2008 | |
| 2009 | |
| Danny Gokey | |
| president of alternative programming | |
| January | |
| January 13, 2009 | |
| Mike Darnell | |
| Danny Gokey | |
| Kara DioGuardi | |
| two weeks | |
| So You Think You Can Dance | |
| the Kodak Theatre | |
| the global recession | |
| four | |
| Kara DioGuardi | |
| So You Think You Can Dance | |
| Kodak Theatre | |
| Idol Gives Back | |
| 13 | |
| Matt Giraud | |
| two | |
| two | |
| Lil Rounds and Anoop Desai | |
| 13 | |
| two | |
| Matt Giraud | |
| Kris Allen and Adam Lambert | |
| Kris Allen | |
| Arkansas | |
| 100 million | |
| Kris Allen | |
| season two | |
| 100 million | |
| AT&T employees | |
| No Boundaries | |
| DioGuardi | |
| No Boundaries | |
| DioGuardi | |
| gold album status | |
| none | |
| 2010 | |
| Ellen DeGeneres | |
| Hollywood Week | |
| January 12, 2010 | |
| Paula Abdul | |
| Ellen DeGeneres | |
| Hollywood Week | |
| Crystal Bowersox | |
| Ken Warwick | |
| diabetic ketoacidosis | |
| Crystal Bowersox | |
| top 20 week | |
| The schedule | |
| Ken Warwick | |
| producer | |
| Michael Lynche | |
| top nine | |
| Adam Lambert | |
| $45 million | |
| Michael Lynche | |
| Adam Lambert | |
| Simon Cowell | |
| tribute to Simon Cowell | |
| Simon Cowell | |
| Paula Abdul | |
| Lee DeWyze | |
| Beautiful Day | |
| May 26 | |
| DeWyze | |
| Beautiful Day | |
| Up to the Mountain | |
| 2011 | |
| ten | |
| Jimmy Iovine | |
| The X Factor | |
| Nigel Lythgoe | |
| January 19, 2011 | |
| Nigel Lythgoe | |
| Jennifer Lopez and Steven Tyler | |
| Jimmy Iovine | |
| Season ten | |
| Myspace | |
| Myspace | |
| online | |
| Myspace | |
| Chris Medina | |
| Top 40 | |
| Casey Abrams | |
| Casey Abrams | |
| Chris Medina | |
| Top 40 round | |
| Casey Abrams | |
| Top 13 result show | |
| Abrams | |
| Pia Toscano | |
| Tom Hanks | |
| Pia Toscano | |
| Tom Hanks | |
| country | |
| Scotty McCreery | |
| I Love You This Big | |
| Like My Mother Does | |
| Soulful | |
| May 25 | |
| Scotty McCreery | |
| Ruben Studdard | |
| 2012 | |
| 25 | |
| Jermaine Jones | |
| January 18, 2012 | |
| Jermaine Jones | |
| March 14 | |
| concealing arrests and outstanding warrants | |
| Phillip Phillips | |
| kidney stones | |
| eight | |
| Phillip Phillips | |
| Phillip Phillips | |
| kidney pain | |
| Jessica Sanchez | |
| Jessica Sanchez | |
| Colton Dixon | |
| final two | |
| Top 7 | |
| Jessica Sanchez | |
| Colton Dixon | |
| Diana DeGarmo | |
| five | |
| three | |
| Phillips | |
| season five | |
| season three | |
| Home | |
| Change Nothing | |
| Home | |
| Change Nothing | |
| Home | |
| 2013 | |
| Judges | |
| TMZ | |
| January 16, 2013 | |
| four | |
| five | |
| Lazaro Arbos | |
| 10 | |
| five | |
| Lazaro Arbos | |
| four | |
| Candice Glover | |
| Kree Harrison | |
| I Am Beautiful | |
| All Cried Out | |
| Candice Glover | |
| Kree Harrison | |
| I Am Beautiful | |
| All Cried Out | |
| not signed by a music label | |
| Randy Jackson | |
| one | |
| Randy Jackson | |
| Mariah Carey and Nicki Minaj | |
| 2014 | |
| Ryan Seacrest | |
| in-mentor | |
| Gregg Gelfand | |
| January 15, 2014 | |
| Randy Jackson | |
| Jennifer Lopez | |
| Harry Connick, Jr. | |
| Nigel Lythgoe and Ken Warwick | |
| Sam Woolf | |
| Top 3 performance night | |
| songs they wrote themselves | |
| Sam Woolf | |
| Top 8 | |
| Top 3 performance night | |
| Caleb Johnson | |
| Jena Irene | |
| As Long as You Love Me | |
| We Are One | |
| Caleb Johnson | |
| Jena Irene | |
| As Long as You Love Me | |
| We Are One | |
| 2015 | |
| Ryan Seacrest | |
| Adam Lambert | |
| judges | |
| Randy Jackson | |
| January 7, 2015 | |
| Adam Lambert | |
| one | |
| Coca Cola | |
| Ford Motor Company | |
| Big Machine Records | |
| one | |
| Coca Cola | |
| Ford Motor Company | |
| Big Machine Records | |
| Nick Fradiani | |
| Clark Beckham | |
| Jax | |
| Beautiful Life | |
| Forcefield | |
| Nick Fradiani | |
| Clark Beckham | |
| Beautiful Life | |
| Champion | |
| Jax | |
| 2015 | |
| 15 | |
| 5 | |
| judges | |
| Ryan Seacrest | |
| May 11, 2015 | |
| Ryan Seacrest | |
| 131 | |
| 2002 | |
| Southern | |
| North Carolina | |
| North Carolina | |
| ten | |
| Chris Daughtry | |
| 47 million | |
| 16 percent | |
| 47 million | |
| 85 percent | |
| Taylor Hicks | |
| Alabama | |
| church | |
| church | |
| Alabama | |
| White guy with guitar | |
| Phillip Phillips | |
| American Idol: The Untold Story | |
| five | |
| guitar | |
| White guy with guitar | |
| Richard Rushfield | |
| Phillip Phillips | |
| 19 Entertainment | |
| Ruben Studdard | |
| Clay Aiken | |
| 2013 | |
| 100 million | |
| season two | |
| season eight | |
| power voting | |
| 2010 | |
| 2013 | |
| Idol Gives Back | |
| $185 million | |
| Idol Gives Back | |
| season six | |
| 2002 | |
| 9.9 million | |
| 23 million | |
| summer | |
| June 2002 | |
| 9.9 million | |
| 23 million | |
| 26.5 million | |
| 21.7 million | |
| Ruben Studdard | |
| season four | |
| season five | |
| 26.5 million | |
| 21.7 million | |
| four | |
| Season six | |
| Season six | |
| the Death Star | |
| NBC | |
| Season six | |
| the Death Star | |
| decline | |
| results show | |
| season seven | |
| Writers Guild of America strike | |
| season seven | |
| Kristy Lee Cook | |
| season seven | |
| the most watched TV network | |
| Writers Guild of America strike | |
| NBC | |
| CBS | |
| 2010 | |
| 2010 Winter Olympics | |
| 30.1 million | |
| six | |
| 32.1 | |
| 47.2 | |
| 47.2 | |
| 32.1 | |
| eight | |
| Sunday Night Football | |
| eight years | |
| 13.3 million | |
| 13 | |
| 2002 | |
| 7.2 million | |
| 13.3 million | |
| Coca-Cola | |
| 8.03 million | |
| 15 | |
| May 11, 2015 | |
| 8.03 million | |
| 9 | |
| 8 | |
| Fox | |
| Fox | |
| Simon Fuller | |
| Dancing with the Stars | |
| The Voice | |
| American Idol | |
| American Idol | |
| American Idol | |
| 345 | |
| Rich Meyer | |
| Kelly Clarkson | |
| 345 | |
| Fred Bronson | |
| four | |
| over four million | |
| 59 million | |
| 120 million | |
| 59 million | |
| 120 million | |
| Jennifer Hudson | |
| vocal coach | |
| musical theatre | |
| Jennifer Hudson | |
| Dreamgirls | |
| Debra Byrd | |
| Entertainment Weekly | |
| the national anthem | |
| Ken Tucker | |
| Entertainment Weekly | |
| Karla Peterson | |
| Lincoln Memorial | |
| Entertainment Weekly | |
| Simon Cowell | |
| John Mayer | |
| Newsweek | |
| commercialism | |
| Ann Powers | |
| Simon Cowell | |
| John Mayer | |
| Elton John | |
| 2006 | |
| LeAnn Rimes | |
| Usher | |
| Carrie Underwood | |
| Faith Hill | |
| LeAnn Rimes | |
| Elton John | |
| country | |
| country music | |
| 9 | |
| Bruce Gower | |
| 8 | |
| Idol Gives Back | |
| nine | |
| Governor's Award in 2007 | |
| $900 million | |
| $6.4 billion | |
| The American Idol Experience | |
| $900 million | |
| Disney | |
| season four | |
| $1.3 million | |
| less than $300,000 | |
| $737,000 | |
| four | |
| 800 million | |
| season one | |
| season one | |
| AT&T Wireless | |
| after season 13 | |
| seven | |
| 10 million | |
| 35 million | |
| AT&T | |
| text-messaging | |
| 4,349 | |
| PepsiCo | |
| The X Factor | |
| PepsiCo | |
| The X Factor | |
| third | |
| season five | |
| M&M's Pretzel Chocolate Candies | |
| a semi-finalist who won a sing-off | |
| Kellogg's Pop-Tarts | |
| M&M's Pretzel Chocolate Candies | |
| season five | |
| season seven | |
| five | |
| iTunes | |
| the winner's coronation single | |
| as a compilation album | |
| the most successful soundtrack franchise | |
| iTunes | |
| 19 Recordings | |
| UMG | |
| BMG | |
| 19 Entertainment | |
| 19 Recordings | |
| BMG | |
| Sony Music Entertainment | |
| UMG's Interscope-Geffen-A&M Records | |
| The Walt Disney Company | |
| 2009 | |
| 2014 | |
| 19 Entertainment | |
| February 14, 2009 | |
| Walt Disney World | |
| Dream Ticket | |
| August 30, 2014 | |
| over 100 | |
| CTV | |
| 2014 | |
| Yes TV | |
| over 100 | |
| CTV and/or CTV Two | |
| Yes TV | |
| La3 | |
| one | |
| STAR World | |
| Thursday and Friday | |
| STAR World | |
| La3 | |
| ringers | |
| seven | |
| eight | |
| Canis lupus familiaris | |
| domestic dog | |
| millennia | |
| sensory capabilities | |
| 2010s | |
| 40,000 | |
| Eurasia | |
| starch-rich | |
| extensive genetic studies | |
| man's best friend | |
| man's best friend | |
| meat | |
| dukkōn | |
| Proto-Indo-European | |
| Old English docga | |
| Proto-Indo-European | |
| hound | |
| mastiff. | |
| 16th | |
| hound | |
| 16th century | |
| hunting | |
| *kwon- "dog" | |
| a litter. | |
| sire | |
| poupée | |
| whelping | |
| bitch | |
| bitch | |
| litter | |
| sire | |
| dam | |
| pups | |
| Canis | |
| 1758 | |
| Linnaeus | |
| wolf | |
| Mammal Species of the World | |
| Canis | |
| family dog | |
| Canis lupus | |
| Canis dingo | |
| 1982 | |
| 2003 | |
| Mammal Species of the World | |
| Canis familiaris. | |
| ICZN | |
| Canis familiaris. | |
| ICZN | |
| Opinion 2027 | |
| genetic studies | |
| extinct. | |
| hunter-gatherers | |
| Taimyr wolf of North Asia | |
| human hunter-gatherers | |
| gray wolf | |
| Taimyr | |
| Modern dog breeds | |
| catching and tearing. | |
| scavengers | |
| wrist | |
| endurance | |
| catching and tearing | |
| scavengers | |
| height and weight. | |
| English Mastiff | |
| English Mastiff | |
| double | |
| soft down hair | |
| double | |
| topcoat only | |
| countershading | |
| upper surfaces | |
| countershading | |
| dark coloring | |
| visibility | |
| tails | |
| emotional state | |
| tails | |
| genetic ailments | |
| parasites | |
| unspayed | |
| unspayed females | |
| parasites | |
| toxic | |
| xylitol | |
| macadamia | |
| theobromine | |
| toxic | |
| nicotine | |
| dark | |
| 1.2 years | |
| shorter | |
| 2013 | |
| 1.2 years longer | |
| 10 to 13 years. | |
| Dogue de Bordeaux | |
| 5.2 years | |
| 6 to 7 years. | |
| Dogue de Bordeaux | |
| 5.2 years | |
| 14 to 15 years. | |
| Bluey | |
| Pusuke | |
| 1939 | |
| Bluey | |
| 1939 | |
| Pusuke | |
| two | |
| pregnancy. | |
| two years | |
| first estrous cycle | |
| 58 to 68 days | |
| 63 days | |
| about six | |
| one to four | |
| 63 days | |
| six | |
| one to four | |
| Neutering | |
| the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (ASPCA) | |
| testicles | |
| ovaries and uterus | |
| testicles | |
| ovaries and uterus | |
| neutered | |
| Neutering | |
| urinary incontinence | |
| Spayed | |
| urinary incontinence | |
| prostate cancer | |
| Rico | |
| Chaser | |
| gesturing and pointing | |
| Australian dingos | |
| to solve their problems for them. | |
| intelligence | |
| over 200 | |
| advanced | |
| over 1,000 | |
| 9,000–30,000 years BCE | |
| humans. | |
| social-cognitive skills of human children | |
| humans. | |
| humans. | |
| Dog behavior | |
| understand and communicate | |
| human children | |
| scents, pheromones and taste | |
| hand signals | |
| Dog communication | |
| hand signals | |
| dogs. | |
| atrophy of the jaw muscles. | |
| diagnostic features | |
| once a year. | |
| behaviors. | |
| 11 | |
| morphology and behavior | |
| tameness | |
| fear and aggression | |
| production-related traits | |
| for their behaviors. | |
| 11 | |
| aggression | |
| 525 million | |
| 525 million | |
| human population densities | |
| apex | |
| fearless | |
| dogs | |
| apex | |
| sheep | |
| Wolves | |
| leopards. | |
| Striped hyenas | |
| alligators and pythons | |
| Leopards | |
| Tigers | |
| alligators and pythons | |
| Striped hyenas | |
| omnivores | |
| vegetables and grains | |
| obligate | |
| carnivores or omnivores | |
| protein | |
| starch | |
| a few hundred years | |
| particular morphologies and behaviors | |
| selective breeding | |
| Irish Wolfhound | |
| a few hundred years old | |
| hundreds | |
| blue | |
| selective breeding | |
| breed | |
| modern kennel clubs. | |
| natural selection and selective breeding | |
| breeds | |
| non-scientific | |
| unsystematic. | |
| four | |
| Malamute and Shar Pei | |
| herding | |
| four | |
| old world dogs | |
| all others | |
| bite inhibition | |
| sophisticated forms of social cognition and communication | |
| one of the most successful species on the planet today. | |
| bite inhibition | |
| hunter-gatherers | |
| aiding handicapped individuals. | |
| man's best friend | |
| a source of meat | |
| food scraps. | |
| three dog night | |
| early warning. | |
| cleaning up food scraps | |
| three dog night | |
| cooperative hunting | |
| 2004 | |
| sense of smell | |
| the domestication of the wolf | |
| sled dogs | |
| Bering land bridge | |
| 9,400 years | |
| 12,000 years ago | |
| Athabascan | |
| Apache and Navajo tribes | |
| horse | |
| puppy | |
| humans and dogs | |
| after World War II | |
| 1980s | |
| outside | |
| elites | |
| outside | |
| 1980s | |
| commodification | |
| dogs. | |
| two | |
| commodification | |
| everyday routines | |
| commodity forms | |
| 18th | |
| urine marking | |
| 18th century | |
| urine marking | |
| training | |
| part of the family | |
| Dog Whisperer. | |
| part of the family | |
| Dog Whisperer | |
| newspaper | |
| plates | |
| dog yoga. | |
| set tasks or routines | |
| the newspaper | |
| 77.5 million | |
| 77.5 million | |
| magnetic resonance imaging | |
| voices | |
| the brain | |
| emotion | |
| MRI | |
| emotional | |
| man's best friend | |
| hunt | |
| nets | |
| Laika | |
| husky-terrier mix | |
| man's best friend | |
| pointers and hounds | |
| nets | |
| Laika | |
| 1957 | |
| Service dogs | |
| medical care. | |
| breed shows | |
| a judge | |
| conformity with their established breed | |
| externally observable qualities | |
| conformation shows. | |
| a judge | |
| externally observable qualities | |
| health | |
| East Asian countries | |
| taboo. | |
| dog fat | |
| western hypocrisy | |
| taboo | |
| medicinal properties | |
| gaejang-guk | |
| a spicy stew | |
| to balance the body's heat | |
| scallions and chili powder. | |
| the summer months | |
| scallions and chili powder. | |
| 4.5 million | |
| 17 | |
| 26 | |
| 4.5 million | |
| 2000s | |
| less severe | |
| 12.9 | |
| 60.7 | |
| the face or neck. | |
| infections. | |
| Colorado | |
| 60.7 | |
| infections. | |
| cats | |
| two-wheeled vehicles. | |
| two-wheeled vehicles | |
| dog roundworm | |
| dog feces | |
| 10,000 | |
| retinal damage and decreased vision. | |
| roundworm | |
| 14 | |
| 10,000 | |
| 24 | |
| retinal damage and decreased vision | |
| 2005 | |
| absenteeism from school | |
| 2005 | |
| exercise | |
| exercise | |
| immune-stimulating microorganisms | |
| social interactions | |
| 2015 | |
| anxiety | |
| strangers | |
| mental institutions | |
| social behaviors | |
| antisocial and violent behavior | |
| the late 18th century | |
| mental institutions | |
| dogs | |
| animal-assisted therapy | |
| diseases | |
| 40 times larger | |
| trillion | |
| 40 times larger | |
| 551 | |
| Cerberus | |
| the gates of Hades. | |
| Garmr | |
| Kimat | |
| thunder | |
| Persian | |
| Cerberus | |
| Garmr | |
| god of thunder | |
| Kimat | |
| the gates of Naraka. | |
| Yama | |
| bronze dog figurines. | |
| Yama | |
| the gates of Naraka | |
| mount | |
| bronze dog figurines | |
| as unclean | |
| scavengers | |
| The Hague | |
| leather dog booties | |
| scavengers | |
| 2015 | |
| Lérida, Spain | |
| their luggage | |
| faithfulness. | |
| themselves | |
| feed | |
| faithfulness | |
| kind protectors. | |
| China | |
| as kind protectors | |
| caves. | |
| Hunting | |
| caves | |
| Hunting scenes | |
| became more elaborate | |
| humans | |
| Male French Bulldogs | |
| run away | |
| respond with aggression | |
| pet dogs living in human homes. | |
| significant benefits | |
| the domestication of dogs | |
| poorly controlled | |
| to the doctor | |
| 1936 Summer Olympics. | |
| 129 days | |
| one world, one dream | |
| Journey of Harmony | |
| one world, one dream | |
| Beijing, China. | |
| "Journey of Harmony" | |
| 85,000 mi | |
| March 24 | |
| Olympia, Greece | |
| March 31 | |
| six | |
| Silk Road | |
| Olympia, Greece | |
| March 24 | |
| Panathinaiko Stadium | |
| March 31. | |
| Mount Everest | |
| hundreds | |
| effectively none | |
| protesting | |
| Chinese security officials | |
| the Chinese government | |
| supporters | |
| counter-protesters | |
| counter-protesters | |
| skirmishes | |
| Latin America, Africa, and Western Asia | |
| Jacques Rogge | |
| Tibetan | |
| global relays | |
| Jacques Rogge | |
| could be expelled | |
| IOC members. | |
| global relays | |
| Paralympic Games | |
| Paralympic Games | |
| Lucky Cloud | |
| aluminum. | |
| 985 grams | |
| An ignition key | |
| Lucky Cloud | |
| aluminum. | |
| 37 | |
| 2 | |
| propane. | |
| a chartered Air China Airbus A330 | |
| red and yellow | |
| March 2008 | |
| 130 days | |
| Airbus A330 | |
| red and yellow | |
| Air China | |
| 130 | |
| 21 | |
| six | |
| Taipei | |
| Hong Kong and Macau | |
| continents | |
| Taiwan. | |
| Hong Kong and Macau | |
| 24 | |
| March 24, 2008 | |
| Olympia, Greece. | |
| Alexandros Nikolaidis | |
| Maria Nafpliotou | |
| March 30, 2008 | |
| Olympia, Greece. | |
| Maria Nafpliotou | |
| silver | |
| Alexandros Nikolaidis | |
| Nepal. | |
| Carrefour | |
| the LVMH Group | |
| the French flag | |
| Kunming | |
| the LVMH Group | |
| censorship | |
| Carrefour | |
| People's Daily | |
| People's Daily | |
| legal | |
| Almaty | |
| Nursultan Nazarbaev. | |
| the President of Kazakhstan | |
| Astana Square. | |
| Uighur activists | |
| Kazakhstan | |
| Nursultan Nazarbaev. | |
| 20 | |
| Uighur | |
| April 3 | |
| Taksim Square | |
| Sultanahmet Square | |
| Uyghurs living in Turkey | |
| Istanbul | |
| Sultanahmet Square | |
| Taksim Square. | |
| Uyghurs | |
| arrested | |
| April 5 | |
| Victory Square | |
| Palace Square | |
| Fedor Emelianenko | |
| Saint Petersburg | |
| Victory Square | |
| Palace Square. | |
| Fedor Emelianenko | |
| London | |
| April 6 | |
| £750,000 | |
| London | |
| Wembley Stadium | |
| O2 Arena | |
| 30 mi | |
| thugs | |
| 80 | |
| Sir Steve Redgrave | |
| Richard Vaughan | |
| Prime Minister Gordon Brown | |
| Sir Steve Redgrave | |
| 80 | |
| Francesca Martinez and Richard Vaughan | |
| 10 Downing Street | |
| Ladbroke Grove | |
| April 7 | |
| the Eiffel Tower | |
| by bus | |
| Teddy Riner | |
| April 7 | |
| Paris | |
| Eiffel Tower | |
| 3,000 | |
| five | |
| Green Party officials. | |
| Jin Jing | |
| Angel in Wheelchair | |
| torch relay ceremony | |
| Jin Jing | |
| Angel in Wheelchair | |
| Green Party officials. | |
| Reporters Without Borders | |
| the Eiffel Tower | |
| Notre Dame cathedral | |
| banner | |
| Reporters Without Borders | |
| Notre Dame cathedral. | |
| the Trocadéro | |
| Jane Birkin | |
| Thupten Gyatso | |
| Trocadéro | |
| peaceful | |
| Jane Birkin | |
| freedom of speech | |
| the National Assembly's session | |
| Respect for Human Rights in China | |
| Freedom for Tibet! | |
| Parliament | |
| National Assembly's session | |
| Respect for Human Rights in China | |
| Freedom for Tibet! | |
| Tibetan flags | |
| Libération | |
| the Trocadéro | |
| Michèle Alliot-Marie | |
| Tibetan flags | |
| the Trocadéro. | |
| Michèle Alliot-Marie | |
| a police officer | |
| San Francisco | |
| April 9 | |
| Lin Li | |
| San Francisco International Airport | |
| Peter Ueberroth | |
| San Francisco | |
| April 9. | |
| Norman Bellingham | |
| Justin Herman Plaza | |
| San Francisco Board of Supervisors | |
| human rights abuses | |
| April 8 | |
| April 1, 2008 | |
| San Francisco Board of Supervisors | |
| United Nations Plaza | |
| Richard Gere | |
| Golden Gate Bridge | |
| KPIX-CBS5 | |
| China | |
| Golden Gate Bridge | |
| Laurel Sutherlin | |
| five | |
| three | |
| a warehouse | |
| Andrew Michael | |
| Andrew Michael | |
| Marina district | |
| San Francisco International Airport | |
| Van Ness Avenue | |
| April 11 | |
| the Lola Mora amphitheatre | |
| Mauricio Macri | |
| Buenos Aires | |
| Lola Mora amphitheatre | |
| Mauricio Macri | |
| Carlos Espínola. | |
| confetti | |
| Jorge Carcavallo | |
| from the Obelisk to the city hall | |
| Free Tibet | |
| Jorge Carcavallo. | |
| Obelisk to the city hall | |
| Human Rights Torch. | |
| Free Tibet | |
| Human Rights Torch Relay | |
| Susan Prager | |
| Friends of Falun Gong | |
| Diego Maradona | |
| 1200 | |
| water balloons | |
| Friends of Falun Gong | |
| Diego Maradona | |
| 1200 | |
| water balloons | |
| peaceful | |
| Dar es Salaam | |
| April 13 | |
| the TAZARA Railway | |
| Dar es Salaam | |
| TAZARA | |
| Benjamin Mkapa National Stadium | |
| China | |
| Vice-President Ali Mohamed Shein. | |
| Muscat | |
| April 14 | |
| Sulaf Fawakherji | |
| Muscat | |
| 20 | |
| Sulaf Fawakherji. | |
| April 16 | |
| Jinnah Stadium | |
| Prime Minister Yousaf Raza Gillani | |
| Islamabad | |
| Jinnah Stadium. | |
| April 17 | |
| 70 | |
| Baichung Bhutia | |
| five | |
| New Delhi | |
| 1.5 | |
| 70 | |
| five | |
| Baichung Bhutia | |
| Republic Day celebrations | |
| Nirupama Sen. | |
| India's Commerce Minister | |
| Kamal Nath | |
| 2 am | |
| Republic Day | |
| terrorist targets. | |
| 150,000 | |
| a democracy | |
| India | |
| 150,000 | |
| protests | |
| Olympic Holy Flame Protection Unit | |
| relations | |
| the Tibetan government in exile | |
| Kiran Bedi | |
| Indian Police Service | |
| Soha Ali Khan | |
| April 16 | |
| Kiran Bedi | |
| Soha Ali Khan | |
| Delhi | |
| police. | |
| caged woman | |
| April 18 | |
| M.R. Narisa Chakrabongse | |
| students | |
| April 18 | |
| 10 | |
| foreign protesters | |
| Mom Rajawongse Narissara Chakrabongse | |
| April 21 | |
| Kuala Lumpur | |
| Independence Square | |
| 1964 | |
| Independence Square | |
| Petronas Twin Towers. | |
| 1964 | |
| 1000 | |
| Falun Gong | |
| Falun Gong | |
| plastic air-filled batons | |
| Taiwan and Tibet belong to China. | |
| placards | |
| April 22 | |
| the Chinese embassy | |
| journalists | |
| Jakarta | |
| 20 | |
| security worries | |
| stadium. | |
| outside the stadium. | |
| April 24 | |
| Agnes Shea | |
| a message stick | |
| Australian and Chinese officials | |
| Canberra | |
| 16 | |
| Reconciliation Place | |
| Australian Federal Police. | |
| Agnes Shea | |
| People's Liberation Army personnel | |
| sacred torch | |
| Tony Goh | |
| Stephen Smith | |
| People's Liberation Army | |
| Australian police | |
| Tony Goh | |
| Zhang Rongan | |
| Stephen Smith | |
| Lin Hatfield Dodds | |
| Foreign Minister Stephen Smith | |
| Lin Hatfield Dodds | |
| Stephen Smith | |
| Ted Quinlan | |
| 600 | |
| the Chinese embassy | |
| Ian Thorpe | |
| Up to 600 | |
| between 2,000 and 10,000 | |
| Ted Quinlan | |
| the Chinese embassy | |
| Nagano | |
| April 26 | |
| Nagano | |
| 1998 Winter Olympics | |
| Japanese Buddhist temple Zenkō-ji | |
| a municipal building | |
| two | |
| Seoul | |
| 1988 Summer Olympics | |
| Olympic Park | |
| Chinese students | |
| Seoul | |
| 1988 Summer Olympics | |
| April 28 | |
| Kim Yong Nam | |
| Pak Du Ik | |
| the Juche Tower | |
| Pyongyang. | |
| April 28. | |
| pink paper flowers and small flags | |
| Pak Du Ik | |
| a propaganda stunt. | |
| against human rights. | |
| UNICEF | |
| their staff | |
| raising awareness of conditions for children | |
| North Korea | |
| April 29 | |
| Ho Chi Minh City | |
| 60 | |
| the downtown Opera House | |
| the Military Zone 7 Competition Hall stadium | |
| Ho Chi Minh City. | |
| the Spratly and Paracel Islands | |
| Sansha | |
| Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City. | |
| Nguyễn Tấn Dũng | |
| seven | |
| Điếu Cày | |
| Lê Minh Phiếu | |
| seven | |
| Nguyễn Văn Hải | |
| tax evasion. | |
| Lê Minh Phiếu | |
| disputed islands and dotted lines marking China's maritime claims | |
| May 2 | |
| Lee Lai Shan | |
| Hong Kong Cultural Centre | |
| Golden Bauhinia Square in Wan Chai | |
| 120 | |
| May 2. | |
| Donald Tsang | |
| a dragon boat | |
| 120 | |
| pro-Beijing camp politicians. | |
| plastic Olympic flames | |
| Tiananmen Square protests | |
| Christina Chan | |
| police | |
| her human rights were breached. | |
| democracy. | |
| Leung Kwok-hung | |
| Tibetan snow lion flag | |
| The Color Orange democracy group | |
| Pillar of Shame | |
| immigration reasons | |
| Mia Farrow | |
| one country, two systems | |
| The Color Orange | |
| Pillar of Shame | |
| immigration reasons | |
| Mia Farrow | |
| May 3 | |
| Macau Fisherman's Wharf | |
| 120 | |
| Leong Hong Man | |
| athletes | |
| May 3 | |
| 120 | |
| Leong Hong Man | |
| Stanley Ho. | |
| Macao Daily News | |
| cyberctm.com | |
| orchidbbs.com | |
| A Macau resident | |
| cyberctm.com | |
| The head of the Bureau of Telecommunications Regulation | |
| May 4 | |
| Jackie Chan | |
| May 4 | |
| April. | |
| IOC | |
| Jackie Chan. | |
| partial and censored | |
| biased. | |
| Libération | |
| media coverage | |
| censored | |
| Reporters Without Borders | |
| Libération | |
| saboteurs | |
| the more disruptive protesters | |
| condemned the protests | |
| Marie-José Pérec | |
| radicals | |
| Marie-José Pérec | |
| Xinhua | |
| spirit of Olympics | |
| sports and politics | |
| run for spirit of Olympics | |
| sports and politics | |
| The Daily Telegraph | |
| Libération | |
| Western media bias. | |
| Fu Ying | |
| The Daily Telegraph | |
| Libération | |
| CNN | |
| CNN | |
| the Chinese government | |
| The challenges of reporting in China | |
| Paul Danahar | |
| 1,300 | |
| Paul Danahar | |
| Tibet | |
| People's Daily | |
| People's Daily | |
| an anti-CNN website | |
| a Beijing citizen. | |
| a Beijing citizen. | |
| foreign correspondents | |
| 30 | |
| August 2007 | |
| matching blue tracksuits | |
| Second Right Brother | |
| 30 | |
| August 2007 | |
| blue tracksuits | |
| Second Right Brother | |
| Carrefour | |
| LVMH Group | |
| the Dalai Lama | |
| the French flag | |
| LVMH Group | |
| anti-Chinese racism. | |
| anti-Japanese protests | |
| People's Daily | |
| Sohu.com | |
| May 1 | |
| the anti-Japanese protests in 2005. | |
| People's Daily | |
| the Chinese government | |
| May 1. | |
| Shoichi Washizawa | |
| great nuisance | |
| a major Buddhist temple | |
| Shoichi Washizawa | |
| great nuisance | |
| a major Buddhist temple | |
| lanterns. | |
| during protests | |
| Hong Kong legislator | |
| Jin Jing | |
| Western media | |
| Two | |
| 40 | |
| the book popularized modern mathematical logic and drew important connections between logic, epistemology, and metaphysics | |
| mixed | |
| Kurt Gödel | |
| for any set of axioms and inference rules proposed to encapsulate mathematics, there would in fact be some truths of mathematics which could not be deduced | |
| Gödel could not have come to this conclusion without Whitehead and Russell's book | |
| 1931 | |
| some truths of mathematics which could not be deduced from them | |
| Principia Mathematica | |
| metaphysics | |
| The essay from which Aims of Education derived its name was delivered as an address in 1916 | |
| ideas that are disconnected scraps of information, with no application to real life or culture | |
| "education with inert ideas is not only useless: it is, above all things, harmful." | |
| 1929 | |
| between 1912 and 1927 | |
| 1929 | |
| numerous essays and addresses | |
| inert ideas | |
| Whitehead advocated teaching a relatively few important concepts | |
| important concepts that the student could organically link to many different areas of knowledge, discovering their application in actual life | |
| For Whitehead, education should be the exact opposite of the multidisciplinary, value-free school model | |
| it should be transdisciplinary, and laden with values and general principles that provide students with a bedrock of wisdom | |
| a relatively few important concepts | |
| different areas of knowledge, discovering their application in actual life. | |
| value-free school model | |
| he never had any formal training in philosophy beyond his undergraduate education | |
| "This further question lands us in the ocean of metaphysic, onto which my profound ignorance of that science forbids me to enter." | |
| in later life Whitehead would become one of the 20th century's foremost metaphysicians | |
| Bertrand Russell | |
| undergraduate | |
| friend and former student | |
| rank amateur | |
| one of the 20th century's foremost metaphysicians. | |
| "Every scientific man in order to preserve his reputation has to say he dislikes metaphysics. What he means is he dislikes having his metaphysics criticized." | |
| such assumptions are not easily seen precisely because they remain unexamined and unquestioned | |
| people need to continually re-imagine their basic assumptions about how the universe works if philosophy and science are to make any real progress | |
| Whitehead regarded metaphysical investigations as essential to both good science and good philosophy | |
| make metaphysical assumptions about how the universe works | |
| they remain unexamined and unquestioned | |
| basic assumptions about how the universe works | |
| metaphysical investigations | |
| reality is fundamentally constructed of bits of matter that exist totally independently of one another | |
| event-based or "process" ontology in which events are primary and are fundamentally interrelated and dependent on one another | |
| He used the term "experience" very broadly, so that even inanimate processes such as electron collisions are said to manifest some degree of experience | |
| two different kinds of real existence, either exclusively material or else exclusively mental | |
| "philosophy of organism" | |
| Cartesian idea | |
| an event-based or "process" ontology | |
| interrelated and dependent | |
| experiential | |
| process philosophy | |
| By assuming that enduring objects are the most real and fundamental things in the universe, materialists have mistaken the abstract for the concrete | |
| "quality", "matter", and "form" | |
| These "classical" concepts fail to adequately account for change, and overlook the active and experiential nature of the most basic elements of the world. | |
| a continuum of overlapping events | |
| a "society" of events | |
| "classical" concepts | |
| change | |
| quality", "matter", and "form" | |
| society | |
| continuum of overlapping events | |
| discrete "occasions of experience" that overlap one another in time and space, and jointly make up the enduring person or thing | |
| "defining essence" or a "core identity" | |
| qualitative and secondary to their core identity | |
| defining essence | |
| occasions of experience | |
| time and space | |
| all things flow" | |
| people define identities | |
| it is easy and convenient to think of people and objects as remaining fundamentally the same things | |
| should not prevent people from realizing that "material substances" or "essences" are a convenient generalized description of a continuum | |
| limitations of language | |
| it is not philosophically or ontologically sound | |
| limitations of language | |
| limitations of language | |
| each thing is a different thing from what it was a moment ago | |
| Each object is simply an inert clump of matter that is only externally related to other things | |
| The idea of matter as primary makes people think of objects as being fundamentally separate in time and space, and not necessarily related to anything | |
| in Whitehead's view, relations take a primary role, perhaps even more important than the relata themselves | |
| It sees every object as distinct and discrete from all other objects. | |
| it obscures the importance of relations | |
| materialism | |
| distinct and discrete | |
| externally | |
| in some sense nothing more and nothing less than the sum of its relations to other entities – its synthesis of and reaction to the world around it | |
| A real thing is just that which forces the rest of the universe to in some way conform to it | |
| if theoretically a thing made strictly no difference to any other entity (i.e. it was not related to any other entity), it could not be said to really exist | |
| Relations are not secondary to what a thing is, they are what the thing is. | |
| nothing more and nothing less than the sum of its relations to other entities | |
| not be said to really exist. | |
| they are what the thing is | |
| rld around it | |
| in some way conform to it | |
| Europe and China | |
| William Temple | |
| Temple's Gifford Lectures of 1932-1934 | |
| practices that unite political struggle and spirituality with the sciences of education | |
| ecology, physics, biology, education, economics, and psychology | |
| at the University of Chicago's Divinity School | |
| Henry Nelson Wieman | |
| John B. Cobb | |
| Wieman, Charles Hartshorne, Bernard Loomer, Bernard Meland, and Daniel Day Williams | |
| China | |
| modernization and industrialization | |
| traditions of Taoism, Buddhism, and Confucianism | |
| John Cobb and David Ray Griffin | |
| interdependence of humanity and nature, as well as his emphasis on an educational system that includes the teaching of values rather than simply bare facts | |
| his assertion that matter is an abstraction | |
| the sheer difficulty and density of his prose | |
| perception of metaphysics itself as passé | |
| Whitehead has not been recognized as particularly influential within the most dominant philosophical schools | |
| American pragmatism | |
| William James and John Dewey | |
| Nicholas Rescher | |
| Charles Sanders Peirce | |
| Richard Rorty | |
| It has been severely criticized | |
| Henry Stapp and David Bohm | |
| Whitehead's view has now been rendered obsolete, with the discovery of gravitational waves | |
| phenonena observed locally that largely violate the kind of local flatness of space that Whitehead assumes | |
| Whitehead's cosmology must be regarded as a local approximation | |
| Grawemeyer Award for Ideas Improving World Order | |
| Is It Too Late? A Theology of Ecology | |
| For the Common Good: Redirecting the Economy toward Community, the Environment, and a Sustainable Future | |
| Sustaining the Common Good: A Christian Perspective on the Global Economy | |
| to challenge "economists' zealous faith in the great god of growth." | |
| Xie Bangxiu | |
| Flexible-goals, Engaged-learner, Embodied-knowledge, Learning-through-interactions, and Supportive-teacher | |
| It is used for understanding and evaluating educational curriculum under the assumption that the purpose of education is to "help a person become whole." | |
| Chinese government organizations and the Institute for the Postmodern Development of China | |
| Mark Dibben | |
| "applied process thought" | |
| philosophy of management and business ethics | |
| philosophy of business administration and organizational theory | |
| this allows "a comprehensive exploration of life as perpetually active experiencing, as opposed to occasional – and thoroughly passive – happening." | |
| 1910s | |
| philosophy of science, and finally to metaphysics | |
| processes | |
| reality is fundamentally constructed by bits of matter that exist independently of one another | |
| Process and Reality | |
| mathematics | |
| philosophy | |
| metaphysics | |
| metaphysical | |
| processes | |
| Ramsgate, Kent, England | |
| 1861 | |
| Thomas Whitehead, Alfred North's grandfather | |
| minister and schoolmaster of Chatham House Academy | |
| Maria Sarah Whitehead, formerly Maria Sarah Buckmaster | |
| Ramsgate, Kent, England | |
| 1861 | |
| minister and schoolmaster | |
| Maria Sarah Whitehead, | |
| Evelyn | |
| University of London system | |
| Dean of the Faculty of Science | |
| chairman of the Senate's Academic (leadership) Council | |
| 1924 | |
| Bachelor of Science | |
| 1918 | |
| Dean of the Faculty of Science | |
| University of London | |
| 1924 | |
| Victor Lowe | |
| his family carried out his instructions that all of his papers be destroyed after his death | |
| almost fanatical belief in the right to privacy | |
| "No professional biographer in his right mind would touch him." | |
| two | |
| Victor Lowe | |
| all of his papers be destroyed after his death. | |
| right to privacy | |
| A Treatise on Universal Algebra | |
| Bertrand Russell | |
| professional mathematicians | |
| An Introduction to Mathematics | |
| regarded as one of the most important works in mathematical logic of the 20th century | |
| mathematics | |
| three | |
| Bertrand Russell | |
| Principia Mathematica | |
| 1898 | |
| the need to expand algebraic structures beyond the associatively multiplicative class | |
| comparative study of their several structures | |
| "It possesses a unity of design which is really remarkable, considering the variety of its themes." | |
| expand algebraic structures | |
| unity of design | |
| several structures | |
| a year | |
| ten years | |
| the three-volume work was so massive (more than 2,000 pages) and its audience so narrow (professional mathematicians) | |
| 00 of which was paid by Cambridge University Press, 200 by the Royal Society of London, and 50 apiece by Whitehead and Russell | |
| today there is likely no major academic library in the world which does not hold a copy of Principia Mathematica | |
| a year | |
| ten years | |
| three | |
| 2,000 | |
| Cambridge University Press | |
| generally considered to be among the most difficult to understand in all of the western canon | |
| Gifford lectures | |
| Process and Reality | |
| professional philosophers | |
| Process and Reality | |
| 1927–28 | |
| the most difficult to understand | |
| Mathews' frustration with Whitehead's books did not negatively affect his interest | |
| perceived the importance of what Whitehead was doing without fully grasping all of the details and implications | |
| Henry Nelson Wieman | |
| Wieman's lecture was so brilliant that he was promptly hired to the faculty and taught there for twenty years | |
| Mathews | |
| Chicago's Divinity School | |
| 1927 | |
| Henry Nelson Wieman | |
| hired | |
| "arguably the most impressive single metaphysical text of the twentieth century," | |
| it demands – as Isabelle Stengers puts it – "that its readers accept the adventure of the questions that will separate them from every consensus." | |
| he managed to anticipate a number of 21st century scientific and philosophical problems and provide novel solutions. | |
| Process and Reality | |
| Isabelle Stengers | |
| how the universe works | |
| scientific and philosophical problems | |
| novel solutions | |
| creativity is the absolute principle of existence | |
| reaction to them. | |
| consciousness | |
| the fundamental creativity/freedom of all entities | |
| creativity is the absolute principle of existence | |
| an entity is not merely a sum of its relations, but also a valuation of them and reaction to them | |
| has some degree of novelty in how it responds to other entities, and is not fully determined by causal or mechanistic laws | |
| comes from the Latin prehensio, meaning "to seize." | |
| the mind only has private ideas about other entities | |
| prehension | |
| Latin | |
| to seize | |
| conscious or unconscious | |
| two | |
| a kind of perception that can be conscious or unconscious, applying to people as well as electrons | |
| entities are constituted by their perceptions and relations, rather than being independent of them | |
| causal efficacy (or "physical prehension") and presentational immediacy (or "conceptual prehension") | |
| unmediated by the senses | |
| it is pure appearance, which may or may not be delusive | |
| causal efficacy | |
| Presentational immediacy | |
| Presentational immediacy | |
| "the experience dominating the primitive living organisms, which have a sense for the fate from which they have emerged, and the fate towards which they go." | |
| "pure sense perception", unmediated by any causal or symbolic interpretation, even unconscious interpretation | |
| causal relationships | |
| symbolic reference | |
| causal relationships | |
| causation | |
| higher grade mentality | |
| links appearance with causation in a process that is so automatic that both people and animals have difficulty refraining from it | |
| An ordinary person looks up, sees a colored shape, and immediately infers that it is a chair | |
| "might have stopped at the mere contemplation of a beautiful color and a beautiful shape." | |
| "would have acted immediately on the hypothesis of a chair and would have jumped onto it by way of using it as such." | |
| "life is comparatively deficient in survival value." | |
| they are actively engaged in modifying their environment | |
| living, living well, and living better | |
| increasing its own satisfaction | |
| survival value | |
| modifying their environment | |
| three | |
| increasing its own satisfaction | |
| unintelligible | |
| "they certainly did not appear because they were better at that game than the rocks around them." | |
| "the brief Galilean vision of humility" | |
| "the Church gave unto God the attributes which belonged exclusively to Caesar." | |
| primarily a divine king who imposes his will on the world, and whose most important attribute is power | |
| God is not necessarily tied to religion | |
| primordial nature of God | |
| the consequent nature | |
| dipolar | |
| His system required that an order exist among possibilities, an order that allowed for novelty in the world and provided an aim to all entities. | |
| God's reception of the world's activity | |
| God saves and cherishes all experiences forever | |
| It is the judgment of a tenderness which loses nothing that can be saved. | |
| those experiences go on to change the way God interacts with the world | |
| God is really changed by what happens in the world and the wider universe, lending the actions of finite creatures an eternal significance. | |
| deficient in actuality and change | |
| merely eternally unrealized possibilities | |
| Whitehead thus sees God and the world as fulfilling one another | |
| He sees entities in the world as fluent and changing things that yearn for a permanence which only God can provide | |
| by taking them into God's self, thereafter changing God and affecting the rest of the universe throughout time | |
| individual | |
| "religion is what the individual does with his own solitariness ... and if you are never solitary, you are never religious." | |
| a system of general truths that transformed a person's character | |
| while religion is often a good influence, it is not necessarily good | |
| solitariness | |
| "the value of the objective world which is a community derivative from the interrelations of its component individuals." | |
| meaning and value do not exist for the individual alone, but only in the context of the universal community | |
| The spirit at once surrenders itself to this universal claim and appropriates it for itself | |
| the individual and universal/social aspects of religion are mutually dependent | |
| through the work of his students and admirers rather | |
| Bruno Latour | |
| Claremont and a select number of liberal graduate-level theology and philosophy programs | |
| Bertrand Russell, and he also taught and supervised the dissertation of Willard Van Orman Quine | |
| "he stands provisionally as the last great Anglo-American philosopher before Wittgenstein's disciples spread their misty confusion, sufficiency, and terror." | |
| American progressive theology | |
| Charles Hartshorne | |
| developing Whitehead's process philosophy into a full-blown process theology | |
| John B. Cobb, Jr., David Ray Griffin, Marjorie Hewitt Suchocki, C. Robert Mesle, Roland Faber, and Catherine Keller | |
| God's relational nature | |
| "the fellow sufferer who understands", and as the being who is supremely affected by temporal events | |
| people would not praise a human ruler who was unaffected by either the joys or sorrows of his followers – so why would this be a praise-worthy quality in God? | |
| as the being who is most affected by the world, God is the being who can most appropriately respond to the world | |
| "process naturalism", i.e. a process theology without God. | |
| biology and economics | |
| poststructuralist, postcolonialist, and feminist theory | |
| geneticist | |
| Alexander Bard and Jan Söderqvist | |
| process theologians are so diverse and transdisciplinary in their views and interests | |
| "an ultimate craving to infuse into the insistent particularity of emotion that non-temporal generality which primarily belongs to conceptual thought alone." | |
| religion takes deeply felt emotions and contextualizes them within a system of general truths about the world | |
| a kind of bridge between philosophy and the emotions and purposes of a particular society | |
| It is the task of religion to make philosophy applicable to the everyday lives of ordinary people. | |
| pioneer in the fields of organizational theory and organizational behavior | |
| ontology that "understands becoming as a relational process; difference as being related, yet unique; and the purpose of becoming as harmonizing difference." | |
| Integrative Process: Follettian Thinking from Ontology to Administration | |
| continue to invest client funds in over-priced (under-yielding) investments | |
| a conflict of interest | |
| Professional investment managers | |
| to maximize their compensation | |
| plausible deniability | |
| Countrywide Financial | |
| July 11, 2008 | |
| IndyMac | |
| IndyMac Bank | |
| IndyMac Bancorp | |
| April 2008 | |
| 9.27% | |
| $160 million | |
| Moody's | |
| minimum 10% risk-based | |
| Charles Schumer (D-NY) | |
| Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation | |
| a little over $7 billion | |
| June 30 | |
| $500 million | |
| $1.55 billion | |
| 7.5% | |
| $10.7 billion | |
| Charles Schumer | |
| unsafe and unsound manner in which the thrift was operated | |
| IndyMac Federal Bank, FSB | |
| US$100,000 | |
| roughly 10,000 depositors | |
| July 11, 2008 | |
| July 14, 2008 | |
| Over 100 | |
| Bear Stearns | |
| September and October 2008 | |
| Oct. 6, 2008 | |
| Lehman Brothers | |
| money market funds | |
| commercial paper issued by corporations | |
| September 2008 | |
| $144.5 billion | |
| 4.65% | |
| shadow banking system | |
| shadow banking system | |
| investor funds | |
| U.S. Treasury Secretary | |
| nearly one-third | |
| the collapse of the shadow banking system | |
| Brookings Institution | |
| some forms of securitization | |
| capital | |
| more than a quarter | |
| 45% | |
| 20% | |
| $13 trillion | |
| $8.8 trillion | |
| serious | |
| loss of close to $6 trillion in housing wealth | |
| Tens of millions | |
| future profits | |
| much worse | |
| global economic collapse | |
| UBS | |
| three quarters | |
| Iceland | |
| capital injection | |
| more than a third | |
| 14.4% | |
| 21.5% | |
| the rest of the world | |
| recession in the U.S. | |
| close to zero | |
| $251 billion | |
| 300,000 | |
| sound economic policymaking and good governance | |
| falls in trade | |
| Arab World | |
| Foreign Direct Investment | |
| global downturn | |
| lower oil prices | |
| oil prices | |
| 10.1% | |
| 33 | |
| 6% | |
| 1983 | |
| patent applications | |
| faulty risk-weightings | |
| financial engineering | |
| Basel III regulations | |
| Johan Norberg | |
| capital ratios | |
| June 2009 | |
| June 2009 | |
| 2008 | |
| More Quickly Than It Began, The Banking Crisis Is Over." | |
| January 27, 2010 | |
| "emerging" and "developing" economies | |
| 69% | |
| global economic growth | |
| 31% | |
| Advanced economies | |
| Krugman | |
| December 2010 | |
| 2006 | |
| commercial mortgage-backed securities | |
| the crisis in commercial real estate | |
| collateralized debt obligation | |
| $70 trillion | |
| roughly doubled in size | |
| mortgage-backed security | |
| U.S. Treasury bonds | |
| collateralized debt obligation | |
| extending or increasing the housing bubble | |
| investment-grade ratings | |
| single pool | |
| Securities with lower priority | |
| over 20% | |
| mid-2006 | |
| nearly 1.3 million | |
| 81% | |
| 14.4% | |
| 1.0% | |
| to combat a perceived risk of deflation | |
| a housing bubble | |
| excessive credit growth | |
| Lower interest rates | |
| $650 billion | |
| 5.8% | |
| Asia and oil-exporting nations | |
| capital account | |
| foreign funds | |
| July 2004 | |
| adjustable-rate mortgage | |
| inversely | |
| raised the Fed funds rate | |
| dramatically declined in value | |
| Citigroup | |
| 220 | |
| 60% | |
| 1,600 | |
| over 80% | |
| Clayton Holdings | |
| 54% | |
| 23 | |
| 28% | |
| 900,000 | |
| Predatory lending | |
| Countrywide Financial | |
| adjustable rate mortgage (ARM) | |
| negative amortization | |
| classic bait-and-switch | |
| California Attorney General Jerry Brown | |
| adjustable rate mortgages (ARMs) | |
| disappeared | |
| Office of Thrift Supervision | |
| weak credit | |
| Paul Krugman | |
| Timothy Geithner | |
| OECD | |
| regulatory framework | |
| Basel | |
| became highly leveraged | |
| complex | |
| government | |
| bankruptcy | |
| complex financial instruments | |
| five | |
| financial shock | |
| capital requirements | |
| over $4.1 trillion | |
| Lehman Brothers | |
| saving more during adverse economic conditions | |
| paradox of thrift | |
| can cause or deepen a recession | |
| Hyman Minsky | |
| their assets | |
| Janet Yellen | |
| we were in a recession | |
| recession | |
| cancelling planned investments | |
| balance sheet deleveraging | |
| financial innovation | |
| adjustable-rate mortgage | |
| CDS | |
| mortgage-backed securities (MBS) | |
| expanded dramatically | |
| Q1 2007 | |
| $20 billion | |
| over $180 billion | |
| 36% | |
| under $20 billion | |
| innovative financial products | |
| multiplied the number of actors connected | |
| indirect information | |
| computer models of rating agencies | |
| 2005 | |
| interest rates or fees | |
| pricing of risk | |
| lack of transparency about banks' risk exposures | |
| straightforward, readily understandable format | |
| far more disruptive | |
| risk inherent with financial innovation | |
| a variety of reasons | |
| approximately 32 cents on the dollar | |
| approximately five cents for every dollar | |
| $450bn | |
| AIG | |
| credit default swaps | |
| September 2008 | |
| over $180 billion | |
| a premium | |
| George Soros | |
| more complex | |
| the originators of synthetic products | |
| the banks | |
| international bond rating agencies | |
| World Scientific | |
| 2006 | |
| Merrill Lynch | |
| some of the copula limitations | |
| 2006 | |
| Timothy Geithner | |
| 2009 | |
| "parallel" banking system | |
| shadow banking system | |
| maturity mismatch | |
| spring of 2007 | |
| fall of 2008 | |
| More than a third | |
| Brookings Institution | |
| a number of years | |
| Mark Zandi | |
| securitization markets | |
| close to $2 trillion | |
| less than $150 billion | |
| TALF | |
| Rapid increases | |
| nearly tripled from $50 to $147 | |
| plunging | |
| monetary policy | |
| gasoline | |
| Michael Greenberger | |
| IntercontinentalExchange | |
| Goldman Sachs, Morgan Stanley and BP | |
| IntercontinentalExchange (ICE) | |
| London and New York | |
| Ailsa McKay | |
| mainstream economics | |
| feminist economics | |
| a reshaping | |
| Raghuram Rajan | |
| 2005 | |
| at a celebration honouring Alan Greenspan | |
| "Has Financial Development Made the World Riskier?" | |
| tail risks | |
| Raghuram Rajan | |
| Great Moderation | |
| Dirk Bezemer | |
| as a vindication | |
| Alan Greenspan | |
| BusinessWeek | |
| Great Depression | |
| The Wharton School | |
| Nouriel Roubini | |
| "Dr. Doom" | |
| Nassim Nicholas Taleb | |
| David Brooks | |
| the breakdown of the banking system | |
| banking stocks | |
| Phil Dow | |
| 50% | |
| 54.7% | |
| Floyd Norris | |
| Northern Rock | |
| Bank of England | |
| September 2007 | |
| February 2008 | |
| Northern Rock | |
| the borrower’s income | |
| Appraisals | |
| poor | |
| risky | |
| issuing criteria | |
| half | |
| 63 | |
| 77 | |
| 50 | |
| poorest families | |
| European Commission at Brussels | |
| 0.1% | |
| −1.0% | |
| the IMF | |
| 3% | |
| expand money supplies | |
| enacted large fiscal stimulus packages | |
| lender-of-last-resort | |
| expanded liquidity facilities | |
| self-reinforcing decline | |
| credit freeze | |
| US$2.5 trillion | |
| $1.5 trillion | |
| Joseph Stiglitz | |
| investing internationally in emerging markets | |
| a series of regulatory proposals | |
| consumer protection | |
| proprietary | |
| Paul Volcker | |
| Paul Volcker | |
| May 2010 | |
| December 2009 | |
| Volcker Rule | |
| Senate | |
| bailout of banks | |
| trillions of U.S. dollars | |
| August 9, 2007 | |
| 2012 | |
| BNP Paribas | |
| 2004 | |
| 2009 | |
| escalate | |
| subprime | |
| capital | |
| Levin–Coburn Report | |
| Glass-Steagall Act | |
| Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission | |
| credit rating agencies | |
| regulatory | |
| mortgage-backed securities | |
| collateralized debt obligations | |
| major global financial institutions | |
| institutions and investors around the world | |
| mortgage payments and housing prices | |
| trillions of U.S. dollars | |
| foreclosure | |
| late 2006 | |
| other loan types | |
| foreclosure epidemic | |
| investment banks and hedge funds | |
| investment banks and hedge funds | |
| financialization | |
| deregulation | |
| U.S. Government policy | |
| MBS | |
| slowing economic activity | |
| central banks | |
| Governments | |
| large loan defaults or MBS losses | |
| January 2011 | |
| the crisis was avoidable and was caused by: widespread failures in financial regulation | |
| Federal Reserve | |
| key policy makers | |
| financial firms | |
| tough competition | |
| 2003 | |
| 2004–2007 | |
| 2004–2007 | |
| government-sponsored enterprises (GSEs) | |
| six | |
| Paul Krugman | |
| government affordable housing policy | |
| GSE loans | |
| 4 | |
| 13 million | |
| over $2 trillion | |
| Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac | |
| HUD | |
| 6 | |
| Office of Federal Housing Enterprise Oversight (OFHEO) | |
| Bush administration | |
| September 10, 2003 | |
| The hearings never resulted in new legislation or formal investigation | |
| House Financial Services Committee | |
| $467 billion | |
| 10% | |
| Community Reinvestment Act | |
| 25% | |
| 25% | |
| 1995 | |
| $4.5 trillion | |
| high-interest-rate loans (3 percentage points over average) | |
| prime | |
| after the terrorist attack on September 11, 2001 | |
| credit default swaps, collateralized debt obligations and synthetic CDOs. | |
| derivatives | |
| Portfolio Magazine | |
| derivatives | |
| credit default swaps, collateralized debt obligations and synthetic CDOs | |
| substandard | |
| low or no downpayments | |
| it was supported by a huge number of substandard loans | |
| 1997–2007 | |
| Krugman | |
| 160 | |
| the Saint-Barthélemy Channel | |
| little Turtle rocks | |
| the Renaissance | |
| satellite islets | |
| Saint-Barthélemoise | |
| French | |
| 500–700 | |
| French | |
| racially | |
| Saint Martin | |
| five | |
| in March 2012 | |
| 15 July 2007 | |
| nineteen | |
| September 2014 | |
| the European Union | |
| One | |
| 2008 | |
| thirteen | |
| Agricultural production | |
| Sweet potato | |
| salt | |
| fishing | |
| Gustavia | |
| the rich and famous | |
| 200,000 | |
| €61,200,000 | |
| wealth generated by wealthy tourists | |
| by airplane | |
| 25 | |
| 58 | |
| Portugal | |
| 12 | |
| 400 | |
| succulent | |
| The eastern part | |
| several hundred | |
| Sea grapes | |
| the Pacific islands | |
| aloe or aloe vera | |
| cereus | |
| South America | |
| 1773 | |
| barbary | |
| May | |
| December | |
| Turtles | |
| jellyfish | |
| amidst tall sea grasses | |
| pearly-pink | |
| conch | |
| shallow waters | |
| ghost | |
| garbage and sewerage | |
| 1.200 | |
| sea turtles | |
| Anchoring | |
| Reserve Naturelle | |
| mooring buoys | |
| the Swedes | |
| Gustav Adolph | |
| 1787 | |
| ruins | |
| La Pointe | |
| over 70 | |
| in the hotels | |
| les petits creux | |
| spicier | |
| gastronomic | |
| every alternate year | |
| Concarneau | |
| boats | |
| 10 m | |
| two | |
| the north coast | |
| charters | |
| Princess Juliana International Airport | |
| Sint Maarten | |
| Gustaf III | |
| France | |
| Saint-Barth | |
| English | |
| Ouanalao | |
| west | |
| volcanic | |
| 9,035 | |
| Gustavia | |
| Swedish | |
| the winter holiday season | |
| Guadeloupe | |
| 2003 | |
| 2007 | |
| Hotel de la Collectivité | |
| A senator | |
| Colombier Bay | |
| small | |
| visible coral reef | |
| shallow | |
| a marine reserve | |
| 22 | |
| 15 | |
| leeward | |
| windward | |
| windsurfing | |
| arid | |
| 2,500 | |
| 1000 mm | |
| November | |
| 13 °C | |
| 1744 | |
| 1785 | |
| Carénage | |
| Gustavia | |
| the Caribbean war | |
| St. Barts Municipal Museum | |
| Musée Territorial de St.-Barthélemy | |
| Gustavia | |
| British | |
| Creole | |
| molecular biology and genetics | |
| DNA | |
| RNA | |
| Hans Winkler | |
| 1920 | |
| University of Hamburg | |
| biome, rhizome | |
| half | |
| meiosis | |
| mitochondria and chloroplasts | |
| genomics | |
| single genes or groups of genes | |
| sequenced | |
| C-value paradox | |
| trichomoniasis | |
| 60,000 | |
| three times | |
| Walter Fiers | |
| Bacteriophage MS2 | |
| Fred Sanger | |
| Institute for Genomic Research | |
| 1996 | |
| US National Institutes of Health | |
| mouse | |
| puffer fish | |
| December 2013 | |
| 130,000 | |
| massive parallel sequencing | |
| Manteia Predictive Medicine | |
| James D. Watson | |
| the structure of DNA | |
| genome map | |
| The Human Genome Project | |
| Jean Weissenbach | |
| Genoscope | |
| Genome composition | |
| evolutionary history | |
| prokaryotes and eukaryotes | |
| exon-intron | |
| mammals and plants | |
| pathogenic microbe | |
| virus | |
| plasmids | |
| plants, protozoa and animals | |
| plastome | |
| mitochondrial genome | |
| Genome size | |
| morphological complexity | |
| repetitive DNA | |
| minimal genomes | |
| in vivo and in silico | |
| Protein-coding genes and RNA-coding genes | |
| proportion of non-repetitive DNA | |
| genome size | |
| E. coli | |
| C. elegans and fruit fly | |
| 20% | |
| tandem repeats and interspersed repeats | |
| proportion of repetitive DNA | |
| Tandem repeats | |
| satellite DNA and microsatellites | |
| interspersed repeats. | |
| Transposable elements | |
| genome evolution | |
| retrotransposons | |
| DNA transposons | |
| RNA | |
| cut and paste | |
| RNA | |
| karyotype | |
| genome size, gene order, codon usage bias, and GC-content | |
| Duplications | |
| genetic novelty | |
| Horizontal gene transfer | |
| microbes | |
| chloroplast and mitochondrial genomes | |
| comprehensive school | |
| selective school system | |
| England and Wales | |
| 90% | |
| Gesamtschule | |
| design and technology and vocational learning | |
| Sixth Form colleges and Further Education Colleges | |
| City Technology Colleges and Specialist schools programmes | |
| 164 | |
| 1965 | |
| neighbourhood | |
| Academies Programme, Free Schools and University Technical Colleges | |
| 1970s | |
| 7 to 16 | |
| comprehensive | |
| remedial | |
| the Hauptschulabschluss, the Realschulabschluss or the Abitur | |
| 50% | |
| less than 1% | |
| Stadtteilschule | |
| Sekundarschule | |
| 2010/2011 | |
| college preparatory classes | |
| Abitur | |
| Hauptschule | |
| grade inflation | |
| Barbara Sommer | |
| Sigrid Beer | |
| Christian Democratic Union | |
| Alliance '90/The Greens | |
| bright working class students | |
| middle class peers | |
| Hauptschule | |
| Helmut Fend | |
| tripartite system | |
| 1972 | |
| sixth form | |
| A-levels | |
| 1966 | |
| Patrick Hillery | |
| vocational school system | |
| community school | |
| 1970s | |
| The state | |
| the denominational basis of the schools | |
| Community colleges | |
| 1946 | |
| London County Council | |
| Holyhead County School | |
| 1949 | |
| Woodlands Boys School | |
| Anthony Crosland | |
| Secretary of State for Education | |
| Secondary technical schools | |
| Margaret Thatcher | |
| comprehensive | |
| Conservative | |
| 1975 | |
| neighbourhood comprehensives | |
| comprehensive schools | |
| Sandwell and Dudley | |
| James Callaghan | |
| Comprehensive school | |
| Labour | |
| Education Reform Act | |
| 1988 | |
| specialisation | |
| league tables of school performance | |
| comprehensive | |
| specialist schools | |
| 2005 | |
| Scotland | |
| England and Wales | |
| République du Congo | |
| Central African Republic | |
| Gabon | |
| Cameroon | |
| Central Africa | |
| Bantu | |
| 1960 | |
| Denis Sassou Nguesso | |
| President | |
| fourth | |
| oil revenues | |
| Pygmy | |
| 1500 BC | |
| Bantu | |
| Diogo Cão | |
| Portuguese | |
| commodities, manufactured goods, and people | |
| late 19th century | |
| Bantu societies | |
| 1880 | |
| Pierre de Brazza | |
| Middle Congo | |
| French Equatorial Africa | |
| 14,000 | |
| Brazzaville | |
| Brazzaville Conference of 1944 | |
| 1946 | |
| the Fourth Republic | |
| 1958 | |
| the AEF | |
| the Republic of the Congo | |
| 1959 | |
| August 15, 1960 | |
| Fulbert Youlou | |
| Alphonse Massamba-Débat | |
| labour elements and rival political parties | |
| Congolese military | |
| Massamba-Débat | |
| scientific socialism | |
| Cuban | |
| September 1968 | |
| Marien Ngouabi | |
| People's Republic of the Congo | |
| Congolese Labour Party | |
| 1972 | |
| March 16, 1977 | |
| Eastern Bloc | |
| the Soviet Union | |
| dictatorship | |
| political repression | |
| Pascal Lissouba | |
| IMF | |
| civil war | |
| enhanced structural adjustment facility | |
| Lissouba and Sassou | |
| Cobras | |
| Angolan | |
| October | |
| Milongo | |
| seven years | |
| January 2002 | |
| April 2003 | |
| Sassou | |
| Congolese Observatory of Human Rights | |
| very low | |
| multi-party | |
| Congolese Labour Party | |
| Parti Congolais du Travail | |
| corruption revelations | |
| France | |
| March 27, 2015 | |
| third | |
| the government | |
| one | |
| 10 | |
| Bantus | |
| pets | |
| December 30, 2010 | |
| 4°N and 5°S | |
| 11° and 19°E | |
| Atlantic Ocean | |
| Cabinda | |
| Angola | |
| Brazzaville | |
| Congo River | |
| Kinshasa | |
| Democratic Republic of the Congo | |
| coastal plain | |
| Kouilou-Niari River | |
| plateau | |
| Forests | |
| Equator | |
| 24 °C (75 °F) | |
| 16 °C (61 °F) and 21 °C (70 °F) | |
| June to August | |
| Wildlife Conservation Society | |
| Sangha Region | |
| inhospitable swamps | |
| Petroleum | |
| budget problems and overstaffing | |
| forestry | |
| 65% | |
| 92% | |
| large-scale development projects | |
| 5% | |
| 50% | |
| 46% | |
| civil war | |
| slumping oil prices and the resumption of armed conflict | |
| December 1998 | |
| stimulating recovery and reducing poverty | |
| Natural gas and diamonds | |
| 2007 | |
| base metal, gold, iron and phosphate | |
| Organization for the Harmonization of Business Law in Africa | |
| 200,000 hectares | |
| land, air and water | |
| 1930s | |
| Paris | |
| Atlantic Ocean | |
| southwest | |
| 534-kilometre (332 mi) | |
| 62 | |
| Kongo | |
| 2% | |
| 12% | |
| about 9,000 | |
| French | |
| Around 300 | |
| Catholics | |
| 22.3% | |
| 19.9% | |
| 1.6% | |
| foreign workers | |
| 8.9% | |
| 2.8% | |
| $30 | |
| 20 | |
| 560 | |
| Female genital mutilation | |
| 59.34 | |
| 16 | |
| 44% | |
| baccalaureate | |
| French | |
| executive | |
| cabinet | |
| civil service | |
| Westminster system | |
| ceremonial | |
| ensure the passage of bills | |
| royal prerogative | |
| parliament | |
| First Lord of the Treasury and Minister for the Civil Service | |
| Minister of Defence | |
| 1625 | |
| Cardinal Richelieu | |
| France | |
| Louis XIV | |
| 18th century | |
| Sir Robert Walpole | |
| Thomas Cromwell | |
| Godolphin | |
| Clarendon | |
| the monarch | |
| the monarch | |
| Harley and St John | |
| Clarendon | |
| Glorious Revolution | |
| Bill of Rights | |
| House of Commons | |
| George I | |
| 1714 | |
| Hanover | |
| twenty-one years | |
| Whig | |
| doctrine of cabinet solidarity | |
| resign | |
| Lord Melbourne | |
| parliamentarians and legal scholars | |
| George II and George III | |
| Benjamin Disraeli | |
| 1905 | |
| president | |
| Sheikh Khalifah bin Sulman Al Khalifah | |
| 1970 | |
| Bahrain | |
| parliamentary republics | |
| parliamentary republics | |
| Premier of the State Council | |
| Taiwan | |
| legislature | |
| cohabitation | |
| resignation of the government | |
| Bangladesh's | |
| the process of his/her appointment and dismissal | |
| the National People's Congress | |
| Zŏnglĭ | |
| the Constitution Act | |
| 1982 | |
| federal and provincial first ministers | |
| constitution | |
| first decade of the twentieth century | |
| Balfour | |
| 1905 | |
| Margaret Thatcher | |
| 1979 | |
| 1990 | |
| cabinet | |
| Taoiseach | |
| the political party that commands majority of seats in the lower house of parliament | |
| after every general election | |
| lower house of parliament | |
| upper houses | |
| vote of confidence | |
| head of state | |
| resignation of the prime minister and his or her government | |
| prime minister | |
| 1918 | |
| 1937 | |
| the Executive Council | |
| cabinet | |
| spill motion | |
| Chairman of the government | |
| Rosh HaMemshalah | |
| President of the Government (Presidente del Gobierno) | |
| Taoiseach | |
| president of the council of ministers | |
| statsminister | |
| premier | |
| Germany and Austria | |
| Minister of State | |
| Secretary of State | |
| President | |
| non-Commonwealth countries | |
| Right Honourable | |
| Her Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council | |
| Canada | |
| devolved | |
| First Minister | |
| Pradhan Mantri | |
| Wazir-e-Azam | |
| Grand Vizier | |
| Office of the Prime Minister | |
| Cabinet Office | |
| IT | |
| 19th century | |
| École Polytechnique | |
| Greek | |
| polytechnic | |
| the Berg-Schola | |
| World War II | |
| Collegium Carolinum | |
| 1794 | |
| institutions of higher education | |
| 1992 | |
| University of Westminster | |
| Regent Street | |
| polytechnics | |
| University of Technology | |
| College of Advanced Education system | |
| TAFE | |
| Melbourne Polytechnic | |
| 2009 | |
| seven | |
| Fachhochschule | |
| master's degrees | |
| hogeschool | |
| academization | |
| four | |
| three | |
| Cambodia | |
| Affiliate Schools | |
| Quebec | |
| public funding | |
| Polytechnics Canada | |
| collaborative institute-industry projects | |
| 1895 | |
| Capital University | |
| half | |
| 1997 | |
| The Geophysics Institute | |
| Quito Astronomical Observatory | |
| National Polytechnic School | |
| 1873 | |
| one | |
| the country's development | |
| 50 | |
| Instituts de technologie | |
| 180 | |
| 160 | |
| Finland | |
| ammattikorkeakoulus | |
| yrkeshögskola | |
| technology | |
| institut universitaire de technologie | |
| IUT | |
| Fachhochschule | |
| Polytechnicum | |
| 18th | |
| Escola Politécnica | |
| 1970s | |
| teaching | |
| business | |
| TU | |
| research | |
| medicine | |
| nine | |
| 17 | |
| 290,000 | |
| Saxony | |
| Niedersächsische Technische Hochschule | |
| Higher Education Reform Act | |
| The Hong Kong Polytechnic | |
| Hong Kong Technical College | |
| 1984 | |
| Hong Kong University of Science and Technology | |
| 1994 | |
| copper | |
| 1735 | |
| Court Chamber of Vienna | |
| 16 | |
| 30 | |
| AICTE | |
| Diploma in Engineering | |
| four | |
| three | |
| Regional Technical College | |
| Dublin Institute of Technology | |
| Politecnico | |
| two | |
| Genoa | |
| Imperial College of Engineering | |
| sciences | |
| Malaysia | |
| UNESCO | |
| Ipoh | |
| 32 | |
| 60,840 | |
| 87,440 | |
| University of Technology, Mauritius | |
| technology | |
| New Zealand | |
| Universal College of Learning | |
| 1989 | |
| Wellington Polytechnic | |
| 1990s | |
| Central Institute of Technology | |
| North Island | |
| Auckland University of Technology | |
| 10th | |
| trades | |
| three | |
| BE | |
| F.Sc | |
| Politechnika | |
| bacharelatos | |
| Bologna Process | |
| Millennia Institute | |
| 5 | |
| three | |
| queen Maria Theresa | |
| 1735 | |
| silver and gold | |
| 1764 | |
| teaching | |
| Technikons | |
| 1993 | |
| 2004 | |
| technical colleges | |
| bachelor's degrees | |
| Pathumwan Institute of Technology | |
| King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi | |
| Institute of Technology and Vocational Education | |
| Sirindhorn International Institute of Technology | |
| Suranaree University of Technology | |
| 1989 | |
| Mahanakorn University of Technology | |
| Bursa Technical University | |
| six | |
| Ankara and Trabzon | |
| 1970 | |
| the UK Council for National Academic Awards | |
| Central Institutions | |
| Royal Polytechnic Institution | |
| two | |
| Loughborough University of Technology | |
| 1960s | |
| the Further and Higher Education Act 1992 | |
| CNAA | |
| university colleges | |
| 20th century | |
| high school | |
| 1824 | |
| Massachusetts Institute of Technology | |
| middle class | |
| 1950s | |
| Caracas | |
| Dr. Federico Rivero Palacio | |
| World Wide Web | |
| Internet Archive | |
| San Francisco | |
| Brewster Kahle and Bruce Gilliat | |
| three dimensional index | |
| Linux | |
| if the content has changed | |
| to archive the entire Internet | |
| The Rocky and Bullwinkle Show | |
| Mr. Peabody and Sherman | |
| WABAC machine | |
| 1996 | |
| crawlers | |
| robots exclusion standard | |
| Archive-It.org | |
| digital tape | |
| researchers and scientists | |
| fifth anniversary | |
| University of California, Berkeley | |
| Snapshots | |
| six months | |
| variable | |
| After August 2008 | |
| Jeff Kaplan | |
| November 2010 | |
| three petabytes | |
| 12 terabytes/month | |
| PetaBox rack systems | |
| Capricorn Technologies | |
| 2009 | |
| Sun Open Storage | |
| Sun Microsystems' California campus | |
| 2011 | |
| March 2011 | |
| 2008 | |
| 2010 | |
| Save a Page | |
| October 2013 | |
| Netbula, LLC v. Chordiant Software Inc. | |
| Chordiant | |
| the robots.txt file | |
| Internet Archive | |
| Chordiant | |
| Magistrate Judge Howard Lloyd | |
| Northern District of California, San Jose Division | |
| Chordiant | |
| TVP Polonia | |
| the Dish Network | |
| Magistrate Judge Arlander Keys | |
| district Court Judge Ronald Guzman | |
| in examining a patent application | |
| authoritative statement of the archivist | |
| technical | |
| underlying links | |
| forms | |
| e-commerce | |
| copyright laws | |
| delete pages from its system | |
| FAQ | |
| Scientology | |
| the site owner | |
| Church of Scientology | |
| Harding Earley Follmer & Frailey | |
| Healthcare Advocates | |
| Internet Archive | |
| the DMCA and the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act | |
| voluntary | |
| Robots.txt | |
| Robots.txt | |
| Internet Archive | |
| Suzanne Shell | |
| profane-justice.org | |
| Northern District of California | |
| District of Colorado | |
| April 25, 2007 | |
| Internet Archive | |
| Suzanne Shell | |
| DMCA requests | |
| Federal Court of Canada | |
| the United Provinces (Verenigde Provinciën), Federated Dutch Provinces (Foederatae Belgii Provinciae), and Dutch Federation (Belgica Foederata) | |
| from 1581, when part of the Netherlands separated from Spanish rule, until 1795 | |
| Batavian Republic, the Kingdom of Holland, the United Kingdom of the Netherlands, and ultimately the modern Kingdom of the Netherlands | |
| Netherlands, Belgium, and Luxembourg | |
| Flanders | |
| the House of Burgundy and subsequently the House of Habsburg | |
| Holy Roman Emperor Charles V | |
| 1568 | |
| high taxes, persecution of Protestants by the government, and Philip's efforts to modernize and centralize the devolved-medieval government structures of the provinces | |
| 1579 | |
| a number of the northern provinces of the Low Countries | |
| the Act of Abjuration | |
| 1581 | |
| to support each other in their defence against the Spanish army | |
| 1582 | |
| 1583 | |
| 10 July 1584 | |
| Elizabeth I | |
| 1588 | |
| a series of republican revolutions in 1783–1795 | |
| France | |
| the Batavian Republic | |
| 1813 | |
| "United Provinces of the Netherlands" and "United Netherlands" | |
| Austrian Netherlands, Luxembourg and Liège | |
| the Dutch Golden Age | |
| The County of Holland | |
| 1602 | |
| Rotterdam | |
| six | |
| Amsterdam | |
| 1590–1712 | |
| Africa and the Pacific | |
| breaking the Portuguese sphere of influence on the Indian Ocean and in the Orient | |
| seven | |
| the States General (Staten-Generaal in Dutch), the federal government | |
| representatives of each of the seven provinces | |
| the County of Drenthe | |
| this area was so poor it was exempt from paying federal taxes | |
| raadspensionaris | |
| the stadtholder | |
| the stadtholder | |
| the states of each province | |
| the princes of Orange of the House of Orange-Nassau, beginning with William the Silent | |
| Zeeland and usually Utrecht | |
| Orangists | |
| Republicans | |
| the Peace of Westphalia | |
| federally-governed Generality Lands (Generaliteitslanden) | |
| Staats-Brabant (present North Brabant), Staats-Vlaanderen (present Zeeuws-Vlaanderen), Staats-Limburg (around Maastricht) and Staats-Oppergelre (around Venlo, after 1715) | |
| The States General of the United Provinces | |
| Holland and/or Zeeland | |
| The framers of the US Constitution | |
| James Madison | |
| the Act of Abjuration, essentially the declaration of independence of the United Provinces | |
| the Union of Utrecht of 20 January 1579 | |
| personal religion | |
| William of Orange | |
| Catholic services | |
| the Reformed Church | |
| the time period and regional or city leaders | |
| fined 200 guilders (a year's wage for a skilled tradesman) and banned from the city | |
| personal freedom of religion | |
| predestination | |
| the struggle between Arminianism and Gomarism, or between Remonstrants and Contra-Remonstrants | |
| the Synod of Dort | |
| in the 18th century | |
| as long as their services took place secretly in private churches | |
| Greek | |
| lichens | |
| German | |
| 130 years | |
| obligate | |
| facultative | |
| lichens | |
| mistletoe | |
| disjunctive symbiosis | |
| endosymbiosis | |
| insects | |
| Frankia | |
| algae | |
| barnacles | |
| lice | |
| exosymbiosis | |
| interspecies reciprocal altruism | |
| lifelong | |
| mutualistic | |
| Coral reefs | |
| fix carbon from the air | |
| mycorrhyzal | |
| ocellaris clownfish | |
| A special mucus | |
| mutual symbiosis | |
| the goby fish | |
| its tail | |
| non-obligate | |
| the late 1980s | |
| nutrition | |
| the Galapagos Islands | |
| nutrients | |
| specialized cells | |
| vertical transmission | |
| drastic reduction in its genome size | |
| Muller's ratchet phenomenon | |
| lack of selection mechanisms | |
| Latin | |
| Commensalism | |
| inquilinism | |
| metabiosis | |
| phoresy | |
| A parasitic relationship | |
| necrotrophic | |
| biotrophic | |
| as many as half | |
| a tick | |
| Amensalism | |
| competition and antibiosis | |
| competition | |
| juglone | |
| weevils | |
| shrub | |
| Amensalism | |
| Synnecrosis | |
| death | |
| uncommon | |
| to protect the hive | |
| the evolution of all eukaryotes | |
| plants, animals, fungi, and protists | |
| symbiosis | |
| Dorion Sagan | |
| a major role | |
| nectar and large sticky pollen | |
| dependent | |
| Forces armées canadiennes | |
| the National Defence Act | |
| Her Majesty | |
| Forces canadiennes | |
| four | |
| the National Defence Act | |
| Queen Elizabeth II | |
| the Governor General of Canada | |
| the Chief of the Defence Staff | |
| the Armed Forces Council. | |
| Cold War | |
| the security of Europe | |
| the Soviet military threat | |
| the early 1950s | |
| the early 1990s | |
| the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) | |
| international security operations | |
| Afghanistan | |
| 2002 | |
| out of area | |
| Canada First Defence Strategy | |
| 2008 | |
| six core missions | |
| North America | |
| conduct of Canadian defence diplomacy | |
| deployment of Canadian Defence Attachés | |
| the American Air Forces | |
| military training | |
| relationship-building efforts | |
| 1867 | |
| French and British forces | |
| European powers | |
| the American Revolutionary War | |
| invasion by the United States | |
| the British Crown-in-Council | |
| Halifax | |
| 1906 | |
| the Department of Militia and Defence | |
| November 1940 | |
| Second Boer War | |
| British command | |
| the First World War | |
| Second World War | |
| Korean War | |
| more than 200 operations | |
| 72 | |
| Cold War, First Gulf War, Kosovo War | |
| United Nations Peacekeeping operations | |
| an aircraft carrier | |
| the Normandy Landings | |
| the strategic bombing of German cities | |
| the Battle of Vimy Ridge | |
| Croatia | |
| the largest volunteer army ever | |
| the Soviet Union | |
| Japanese | |
| 1 February 1968 | |
| the Royal Canadian Navy, Canadian Army, and Royal Canadian Air Force | |
| the British government | |
| 1931 | |
| the First World War | |
| Canadian Armed Forces | |
| After the 1980s | |
| 2013 | |
| Canadian Forces | |
| Land Forces | |
| 2011 | |
| ISAF | |
| the Government of Afghanistan | |
| peacekeeping | |
| approximately $20.1 billion | |
| 74th in size | |
| approximately 119,000 | |
| 2020 | |
| around 124,000 | |
| the Canada First Defence Strategy | |
| through the purchase of new equipment, improved training and readiness | |
| loss of existing members | |
| main battle tanks, artillery, unmanned air vehicles | |
| C-130 Hercules | |
| CH-47 Chinook heavy-lift helicopters | |
| 2006 | |
| medicine, communication, logistics, and administration | |
| 1971 | |
| vehicle drivers and mechanics, aircraft mechanics, air-traffic controllers | |
| the Department changed its policies | |
| Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms | |
| infantry, armoured corps, field artillery, air-defence artillery | |
| 5 February 1987 | |
| the Minister of National Defence | |
| Combat-Related Employment of Women | |
| 1989 | |
| submarine service | |
| 100 percent | |
| the government of Jean Chretien | |
| equipment must be suitable for a mixed-gender force | |
| Combat helmets, rucksacks, combat boots | |
| an annual financial entitlement for the purchase of brassiere undergarments | |
| It begins at the top with the most senior-ranking personnel and works its way into lower organizations. | |
| The Canadian constitution | |
| the governor general | |
| troop deployment and disposition orders | |
| the monarch or governor general | |
| the advice of his or her ministers in Cabinet | |
| 115,349 | |
| the Chief of the Defence Staff | |
| The governor general | |
| Ottawa, Ontario | |
| the heads of the Royal Canadian Navy, the Canadian Army, the Royal Canadian Air Force and other key Level 1 organizations. | |
| 27 | |
| Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu | |
| Canadian Forces Leadership and Recruit School | |
| 33 | |
| Halifax | |
| the Naval Reserve Headquarters (NAVRESHQ) | |
| NATO exercises | |
| Commander of the Canadian Army | |
| four divisions | |
| the 2nd Canadian Division, the 3rd Canadian Division, the 4th Canadian Division and the 5th Canadian Division | |
| the 5th Canadian Division | |
| the 5th Canadian Division | |
| three | |
| one | |
| tactical helicopter squadron | |
| a field ambulance | |
| CFB Gagetown, CFB Montreal and CFB Wainwright. | |
| the Commander of the Royal Canadian Air Force | |
| Winnipeg | |
| eleven | |
| tactical commander | |
| Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba | |
| Winnipeg and North Bay | |
| Geilenkirchen, Germany | |
| Airborne Early Warning Force | |
| Labrador | |
| Joint Task Force (North) | |
| a chain of forward operating locations | |
| fighter operations | |
| CF-18 squadrons | |
| Arctic sovereignty patrols. | |
| October 2012 | |
| Canada Command, the Canadian Expeditionary Force Command and the Canadian Operational Support Command | |
| the 2012 federal budget | |
| The Canadian Special Operations Forces Command | |
| generating special operations forces | |
| CJOC | |
| CFB Trenton | |
| 427 | |
| electronic warfare and the protection of the Armed Forces' communications and computer networks | |
| CFS Leitrim in Ottawa | |
| design and build cyber warfare capabilities | |
| June 2011 | |
| the Director General Cyber | |
| the Canadian Armed Forces | |
| Joint Task Force | |
| domestic support | |
| in times of national emergency or threat | |
| primary and supplementary | |
| Chief of Reserves and Cadets | |
| the Naval Reserve (NAVRES), Land Force Reserve (LFR), and Air Reserve (AIRRES) | |
| Cadet Organizations Administration and Training Service | |
| 12 to 18 years | |
| officers of the Cadet Instructors Cadre | |
| Reserve Force Sub-Component COATS | |
| provide surveillance and patrol services | |
| in Canada's arctic | |
| reserve force | |
| Canada's exercise of sovereignty over its northern territory | |
| service dress | |
| gloves, swords, and medals | |
| operational dress is now the daily uniform | |
| Approved parkas | |
| a ceremonial/regimental full dress | |
| beret, wedge cap, ballcap | |
| coloured according to the distinctive uniform worn | |
| The beret | |
| CG634 helmet | |
| The Constitution of Canada | |
| 2005 | |
| the principal clergy of Rome and the bishops of the seven suburbicarian sees. | |
| a church in Rome as his titular church or linked with one of the suburbicarian dioceses | |
| cardinal | |
| ninth century | |
| tituli | |
| cardo | |
| The Church of England | |
| the deacons of the seven regions of the city | |
| 8th century | |
| 769 | |
| Nicholas II | |
| the Papal Bull In nomine Domini | |
| 1244 | |
| Pope Innocent IV | |
| cardinal | |
| 747 | |
| 1567 | |
| Pope Zacharias | |
| 747 | |
| Pius V. | |
| 1567 | |
| 1563 | |
| Pope Pius IV | |
| 1563 | |
| Pope Pius IV | |
| French kings | |
| secular affairs. | |
| Cardinal Richelieu | |
| Cardinal Richelieu | |
| Henry, King of Portugal | |
| 70 | |
| comprising six cardinal bishops, 50 cardinal priests, and 14 cardinal deacons. | |
| Pope John XXIII | |
| 120 | |
| 80 | |
| 120 | |
| the number of cardinals generally | |
| a church in the city of Rome or one of the suburbicarian sees | |
| The Dean of the College of Cardinals | |
| titular bishopric of Ostia | |
| 1630 | |
| Pope Urban VIII | |
| Prince | |
| the Pope and crowned monarchs | |
| Pope Urban VIII | |
| "Cardinal [First name] [Surname]" | |
| Cardinal [First name] [Surname] | |
| by placing the title "Cardinal" (abbreviated Card.) after their personal name and before their surname | |
| Sanctae Ecclesiae Cardinalis | |
| because they do not belong to the Roman clergy | |
| [First name] Cardinal [Surname] | |
| Cardinal | |
| 1378 | |
| 1378 | |
| no | |
| the cardinalate | |
| Cardinal bishops | |
| cardinals of the episcopal order | |
| Cardinal bishops | |
| a Roman priest | |
| To preserve apostolic succession | |
| he is consecrated by the Dean of the College of Cardinals, the Cardinal Bishop of Ostia. | |
| he is consecrated by the Dean of the College of Cardinals, the Cardinal Bishop of Ostia. | |
| seven | |
| 1150 until 1914 | |
| Pope Pius X | |
| Ostia, Albano, Porto and Santa Rufina, Palestrina, Sabina and Mentana, Frascati and Velletri | |
| 1962 | |
| Ostia | |
| Cardinal Vicar of the see of Rome is apostolic administrator. | |
| 1962 | |
| Ostia | |
| the Cardinal Vicar of the see of Rome | |
| College of Cardinals | |
| the pope | |
| a gold ring | |
| the pope | |
| a galero. | |
| 1969 | |
| scarlet biretta | |
| Eastern Catholic cardinals | |
| willingness to die for his faith | |
| rochet | |
| the scarlet color of cardinals' vesture | |
| 1460s | |
| the cardinalate expires | |
| Pope Martin V | |
| marry | |
| 1917 | |
| only those who are already priests or bishops may be appointed cardinals | |
| perform the functions reserved solely to bishops, such as ordination | |
| 1962 | |
| 1917 | |
| 1962 | |
| collate information about the financial situation of all administrations dependent on the Holy See and present the results to the College of Cardinals | |
| The cardinal protodeacon | |
| from the central balcony at the Basilica of Saint Peter in Vatican City State | |
| Pope John Paul I | |
| white | |
| 30 | |
| 10 years | |
| about half | |
| third | |
| seven deacons in the Papal Household | |
| cardinal deacons | |
| The cardinal who is the longest-serving member of the order of cardinal priests | |
| Paulo Evaristo Arns of Brazil | |
| the Pope | |
| a suburbicarian see | |
| cardinal deacons | |
| cardinal bishops | |
| Cardinal priests | |
| priests chosen by the pope | |
| a titular church in Rome | |
| 1587 | |
| 70 | |
| Pope John XXIII | |
| Iranic languages | |
| Indo-Iranian languages | |
| Indo-European language family | |
| 400 BCE | |
| Middle Persian | |
| 86 | |
| Proto-Iranian | |
| Persian and Sanskrit | |
| 1836 | |
| Christian Lassen | |
| Robert Needham Cust | |
| 1878 | |
| Proto-Iranian | |
| Central Asia | |
| Andronovo | |
| 2000 BC | |
| Indo-European | |
| southeastern Europe, the Iranian plateau, and Central Asia | |
| linguistic diversity | |
| two | |
| the Behistun inscription | |
| 520 BC | |
| 4th century BC | |
| Avestan | |
| Zoroastrianism | |
| Rigvedic Sanskrit | |
| Old Persian | |
| Kurdish | |
| Scythian | |
| western and eastern | |
| Old Persian | |
| Avestan | |
| *ć and *dź | |
| first-series palatal consonants | |
| Nuristani languages | |
| *ćw and *dźw | |
| consonant clusters | |
| other distinct dialect groups | |
| Alanian/Scytho-Sarmatian | |
| Old Parthian | |
| 9th century | |
| Western and Eastern | |
| Eastern | |
| Avestan | |
| Aramaic | |
| Greek script | |
| Pahlavi | |
| 3rd century CE | |
| Middle Persian, Parthian and Sogdian | |
| Syriac script | |
| Islam | |
| Dari | |
| Saffarid | |
| 875 CE | |
| Khorasan | |
| Arabic script | |
| second half of the 8th century | |
| Tajik script | |
| the 1930s | |
| the Soviet government | |
| Khuzestan | |
| Sogdian and Bactrian | |
| 6th century AD | |
| Zarafshan valley | |
| Saka | |
| Daylighting | |
| positive | |
| energy consumption | |
| artificial light sources | |
| Lighting or illumination | |
| Daylighting | |
| Lighting | |
| positive | |
| energy consumption | |
| Lighting or illumination | |
| light fixtures | |
| Indoor lighting | |
| lighting | |
| light fixtures | |
| lighting | |
| 1939 | |
| Recessed lighting | |
| 400,000 BCE | |
| birds and fish | |
| campfires or torches | |
| 15,000 years | |
| incandescent light | |
| early 1800s | |
| urban crime. | |
| Lighting fixtures | |
| visual glare | |
| lumen per watt | |
| 6400 | |
| incandescent bulb | |
| blue-white | |
| Lower color temperature | |
| light produced by the fixture. | |
| Lightolier | |
| master transformer | |
| cable lighting | |
| 12 or 24 volts | |
| torchiere | |
| table lamp | |
| task lighting | |
| dark nightclub | |
| illuminated ceiling | |
| accent lighting | |
| small lights | |
| LED based versions | |
| translucent tube | |
| Street Lights | |
| photovoltaic luminaires | |
| Floodlights | |
| security lighting | |
| Entry lights | |
| red | |
| white or selective yellow | |
| late 1950s | |
| White | |
| turn signals | |
| light bulbs | |
| electrical energy | |
| 60 w | |
| 800 lumens | |
| architectural lighting design | |
| kno | |
| Radiance | |
| tabular | |
| Daylight factor calculation. | |
| dark paint | |
| light paint | |
| Photometric studies | |
| lighting cues | |
| stage lighting | |
| candela (cd) | |
| cd/m2 | |
| stilb | |
| lumen (lm) | |
| luminosity function | |
| Lux | |
| Unified Glare Rating | |
| correlated color temperature | |
| color rendering index | |
| CRI | |
| CCT | |
| gamut area index | |
| GAI | |
| ano | |
| light dosimeters | |
| Daysimeter | |
| circadian light meter | |
| 30 | |
| short-wavelength light | |
| Specification of illumination requirements | |
| Lighting control | |
| wireless mesh open standards | |
| ZigBee | |
| no | |
| Occupancy sensors | |
| changes in heat | |
| Ultrasonic sensors | |
| no | |
| Daylighting | |
| not | |
| LEDs | |
| nonimaging optics | |
| higher lighting levels | |
| Alzheimer's Disease | |
| 24 | |
| disrupt the natural circadian cycle | |
| Robert Ulrich | |
| no | |
| no | |
| University of Toronto Scarborough | |
| Northwestern University | |
| Dr. Abraham Gesner | |
| 1849 | |
| coal-gas methods | |
| Compact fluorescent lamps | |
| not | |
| 10% | |
| 50,000 | |
| 50,000 hours | |
| 70% | |
| Light pollution | |
| glare | |
| searchlights and flares | |
| light | |
| infrared cameras | |
| Flares | |
| laser-guided and GPS weapons | |
| International Commission on Illumination | |
| The Illuminating Engineering Society of North America | |
| ANSI and ASHRAE | |
| distribution of light released | |
| The International Association of Lighting Designers | |
| The Professional Lighting Designers Association | |
| ELDA | |
| NCQLP | |
| The National Council on Qualifications for the Lighting Professions | |
| LC | |
| CLEP and CLMC | |
| The Professional Lighting And Sound Association | |
| UK | |
| 500+ | |
| Restriction of Hazardous Substances Directive | |
| Separation of powers | |
| three | |
| United States Constitution | |
| checks and balances | |
| separation of powers | |
| John Locke | |
| Thomas Hobbes | |
| Montesquieu | |
| the framers of the United States Constitution | |
| John Locke | |
| Thomas Hobbes | |
| Montesquieu | |
| UK | |
| parliamentary sovereignty and responsible government | |
| separate and distinct | |
| United Kingdom | |
| a member of the Court of Appeals | |
| Congress | |
| Clinton v. City of New York | |
| 1998 | |
| Congress | |
| nondelegation doctrine | |
| Clinton v. City of New York | |
| 1998 | |
| Wayman v. Southard | |
| 1825 | |
| John Marshall | |
| the judiciary | |
| Wayman v. Southard | |
| John Marshall | |
| the 1930s | |
| National Recovery Administration | |
| 1935 | |
| 1935 | |
| Schechter Poultry Corp. v. United States | |
| Army and Navy | |
| Senate | |
| impeachment | |
| quasi-judicial | |
| Executive | |
| the President | |
| impeachment | |
| Congress | |
| the performance of their duties | |
| INS v. Chadha | |
| 1983 | |
| two-thirds | |
| Judicial | |
| president | |
| Senate | |
| constitutional courts | |
| Judicial power | |
| the president | |
| the Senate | |
| legislative courts | |
| judicial power of the United States | |
| President | |
| The president | |
| The Vice President | |
| The president | |
| The president | |
| The president | |
| Congress | |
| the Senate | |
| Courts | |
| Marbury v. Madison | |
| the Supreme Court | |
| Congress | |
| the Supreme Court | |
| The Chief Justice | |
| James Madison | |
| Federalist 51 | |
| Congress | |
| two | |
| one | |
| twelve | |
| Andrew Jackson | |
| fifteen | |
| Tenure of Office Act | |
| Grover Cleveland | |
| Grover Cleveland | |
| Franklin Roosevelt | |
| Congress | |
| national security | |
| checks and balances | |
| the Supreme Court | |
| the Florida Supreme Court | |
| the Florida Supreme Court | |
| Architectural | |
| architectura | |
| Architecture | |
| Architectural works | |
| architectural achievements | |
| Greek | |
| ἀρχι- "chief" and τέκτων "builder" | |
| buildings and other physical structures | |
| as works of art | |
| Historical civilizations | |
| De architectura | |
| Roman architect Vitruvius | |
| 1st century AD. | |
| firmness, commodity and delight. | |
| De architectura | |
| Vitruvius | |
| architect | |
| firmitas, utilitas, venustas | |
| firmness, commodity and delight | |
| 16th century | |
| Vasari | |
| Italian, French, Spanish and English | |
| architect | |
| Leon Battista Alberti | |
| proportion | |
| the Golden mean | |
| 16th | |
| Augustus Welby Northmore Pugin | |
| 1836 | |
| Contrasts | |
| 1836 | |
| modern, industrial world | |
| Gothic | |
| John Ruskin | |
| John Ruskin | |
| art critic | |
| 1849 | |
| to his mental health, power, and pleasure | |
| not | |
| the aesthetic | |
| it is in some way "adorned" | |
| string courses or rustication | |
| 20th-century | |
| Le Corbusier | |
| Architect | |
| 20th-century | |
| heart | |
| I am happy | |
| Function | |
| aesthetic, psychological and cultural | |
| Vitruvius | |
| all criteria of the use, perception and enjoyment of a building | |
| both popularity and skepticism | |
| rationalism, empiricism, structuralism, poststructuralism, and phenomenology. | |
| philosophies | |
| their approach to building design | |
| poststructuralism | |
| late 20th century | |
| sustainability | |
| environment | |
| non-sustainable power sources | |
| shelter, security, worship | |
| knowledge | |
| a craft | |
| architecture | |
| building materials | |
| vernacular buildings | |
| a surplus in production | |
| trial and error | |
| vernacular | |
| rural | |
| urbanization | |
| rapidly | |
| Egypt and Mesopotamia | |
| Egypt and Mesopotamia | |
| the divine and the supernatural | |
| political power | |
| Kao Gong Ji | |
| China | |
| 7th–5th centuries BCE | |
| Manjusri Vasthu Vidya Sastra | |
| Shilpa Shastras | |
| pantheistic religion | |
| Buddhist architecture | |
| 3rd century BCE | |
| the macrocosm and the microcosm | |
| the Shastras | |
| Buddhist | |
| pantheistic religion | |
| European architecture | |
| 7th century CE | |
| Byzantium | |
| religious and social needs | |
| pointed arch | |
| abbeys and cathedrals. | |
| abbeys and cathedrals | |
| clerics and tradesmen | |
| pan-European | |
| Romanesque | |
| 900 CE onwards | |
| 1400 | |
| 1400 onwards | |
| Europe | |
| Renaissance | |
| role of the individual | |
| artist, architect and engineer | |
| functional, technical, social, environmental and aesthetic | |
| form, space and ambience | |
| pragmatic aspects | |
| Nunzia Rondanini | |
| Through its aesthetic dimension | |
| social life | |
| social development | |
| functional aspects | |
| art for art's sake | |
| quest for perfection or originality | |
| form | |
| civic ideals | |
| new building types | |
| religious or empirical ones | |
| Architectural "style" | |
| ancient time | |
| specific formal prescriptions | |
| canons | |
| 1st-century BCE | |
| religious | |
| guilds | |
| written contracts | |
| ecclesiastical buildings | |
| Magister lathomorum | |
| proportions and structure | |
| generalist | |
| architecture and engineering | |
| technical aspects of building design | |
| "gentleman architect" | |
| context and feasibility | |
| in the offices of other architects | |
| mass production and consumption | |
| ornamented products | |
| Aesthetics | |
| pattern books and architectural journals | |
| current architectural design | |
| 20th | |
| Modern Architecture | |
| 1907 | |
| to produce better quality machine made objects | |
| the Bauhaus school | |
| avant-garde movement | |
| the middle and working classes | |
| the rapidly declining aristocratic order | |
| functionalist | |
| historical references and ornament | |
| Frank Lloyd Wright | |
| Robie House and Fallingwater | |
| to promote harmony | |
| the Industrial Revolution | |
| steel-frame construction | |
| International Style | |
| Twin Towers | |
| Minoru Yamasaki | |
| decorative richness | |
| Paul Rudolph, Marcel Breuer, and Eero Saarinen | |
| unfinished concrete | |
| postwar generation | |
| the school of metaphoric architecture | |
| biomorphism and zoomorphic architecture | |
| nature | |
| expressionist architecture | |
| the late 1950s and 1960s | |
| modernism | |
| human experience | |
| Robert Venturi | |
| "ducks" | |
| Since the 1980s | |
| one person | |
| Modernism and Postmodernism | |
| Environmental sustainability | |
| the environment | |
| Frank Lloyd Wright | |
| Buckminster Fuller | |
| The U.S. Green Building Council | |
| New Urbanism, Metaphoric architecture and New Classical Architecture | |
| solitary housing estates and suburban sprawl. | |
| smart growth, architectural tradition and classical design | |
| modernist and globally uniform architecture | |
| life expectancy, education, and income per capita | |
| longer | |
| Mahbub ul Haq | |
| United Nations Development Programme | |
| longer | |
| 2010 | |
| Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index | |
| the IHDI | |
| the HDI | |
| 1990 | |
| Amartya Sen | |
| people-centered policies | |
| 1990 | |
| Life expectancy at birth | |
| Mean years of schooling | |
| Expected years of schooling | |
| Gross national income at purchasing power parity per capita | |
| the United Nations Development Programme | |
| December 14, 2015 | |
| 2014 | |
| July 24, 2014 | |
| 2013 | |
| Inequality | |
| the average level | |
| Cuba | |
| very high | |
| lack of necessary data | |
| North Korea | |
| March 14, 2013 | |
| 2012 | |
| the average level | |
| Barbados | |
| Barbados | |
| 2011 | |
| Barbados | |
| Barbados | |
| unavailability of certain crucial data | |
| North Korea | |
| November 4, 2010 | |
| 2010 | |
| income, life expectancy, and education | |
| Barbados | |
| unavailability of certain crucial data | |
| Cuba | |
| High Human Development country | |
| October 5, 2009 | |
| period up to 2007 | |
| Overcoming barriers: Human mobility and development | |
| very high human development | |
| developed countries | |
| being a non-UN member or unable or unwilling to provide the necessary data at the time of publication | |
| statistical update | |
| an accompanying Human Development Report | |
| up to 2006 | |
| November 27, 2007 | |
| Fighting climate change: Human solidarity in a divided world | |
| 2005 | |
| 2005 | |
| Brasília, Brazil | |
| high income countries | |
| 0.5 | |
| Africa | |
| 119th | |
| 121st | |
| Gabon and South Africa | |
| 0.8 | |
| Brazil | |
| Russia | |
| red arrows | |
| green arrows | |
| Blue dash | |
| Norway | |
| Iceland | |
| national performance and ranking | |
| Western | |
| global | |
| egalitarianism | |
| three | |
| 2010 | |
| The Economist | |
| 182 | |
| 169 | |
| Mediterranean Europe | |
| Iberian peninsula | |
| Balkan countries | |
| southern France | |
| political, economic, and cultural attributes | |
| geography, climate, and flora | |
| The Mediterranean climate | |
| Western and Southern coastal regions | |
| vegetations and landscapes | |
| mountain ranges of Spain and Italy | |
| north coast of Spain | |
| Atlantic climate | |
| phytochoria | |
| Armen Takhtajan | |
| classical antiquity | |
| city-states | |
| Alexander the Great | |
| Rome | |
| Constantinople | |
| Germanic | |
| AD 476 | |
| 300 AD | |
| the Byzantine Empire | |
| Germanic peoples | |
| kingdoms and empires of their own | |
| the Crusades | |
| 1204 | |
| Genoa and Venice | |
| The Reconquista | |
| the Byzantine Empire | |
| The Late Middle Ages | |
| the Black Death | |
| the Ottoman Empire | |
| 1453 | |
| 14th century | |
| Florence | |
| science and theology | |
| Greek and Roman | |
| Portugal and Spain | |
| 1648 | |
| Spain and France | |
| Galileo Galilei | |
| Guglielmo Marconi | |
| the rise of colonial empires | |
| the Columbian Exchange | |
| manufacturing | |
| the Industrial Revolution of Great Britain | |
| between 1815 and 1871 | |
| the Ottoman Empire | |
| 1870 | |
| The Age of Empire | |
| 1914 | |
| 1918 | |
| the Paris Peace Conference | |
| The Nazi regime | |
| Adolf Hitler | |
| Italy | |
| Mussolini | |
| the Warsaw Pact | |
| European Union | |
| market rules, competition, legal standards and environmentalism | |
| 1989 | |
| 1991 | |
| 2013 | |
| Romance languages | |
| Italy, San Marino, and the Vatican | |
| eastern Spain | |
| Galician | |
| over 40 million | |
| Hellenic | |
| Cyprus | |
| Macedonian | |
| Bulgarian | |
| Slovenia | |
| English | |
| Spanish | |
| Maltese | |
| Albanian | |
| Semitic | |
| northern Spain and southwestern France | |
| Christianity | |
| 380 AD | |
| Roman Catholic | |
| Greek Orthodox | |
| regions | |
| statistical convenience | |
| sub-regions | |
| Tourism Decision Metrics | |
| European Travel Commission | |
| BBC | |
| Royal charter | |
| 1932 | |
| 2 November 1936 | |
| United Kingdom | |
| 30% | |
| television production companies | |
| 30 September 1929 | |
| Long Acre, London | |
| 30 | |
| June 1932 | |
| 30 March 1930 | |
| Broadcasting House, London | |
| telephone line | |
| electromechanical | |
| 16 Portland Place, London | |
| February 1934 | |
| Alexandra Palace | |
| VHF | |
| 240 | |
| 405 | |
| Monday to Saturday | |
| six months | |
| Farnsworth image dissector | |
| 13 February 1937 | |
| 40 kilometres | |
| 1938 | |
| RCA | |
| a British television set | |
| Brookmans Park | |
| 2 August 1932 | |
| Opening of the BBC Television Service | |
| King George VI and Queen Elizabeth | |
| September 1939 | |
| VHF transmissions | |
| the radar programme | |
| Mickey's Gala Premier | |
| before the end of the cartoon | |
| 18,999 | |
| Jasmine Bligh | |
| 7 June 1946 | |
| Lime Grove Studios | |
| Mickey Mouse | |
| Birmingham | |
| Sutton Coldfield transmitting station | |
| 405-line interlaced image | |
| VHF | |
| BBC tv | |
| ITV | |
| Doctor Who | |
| Alexandra Palace | |
| ITV | |
| BBC2 | |
| massive power failure | |
| Battersea Power Station | |
| Denis Tuohy | |
| BBC Two | |
| 15 November 1969 | |
| soap opera or standard news programming | |
| Sir David Attenborough | |
| documentaries | |
| 1967 | |
| 2000 | |
| 2 | |
| CBBC | |
| BBC Natural History Unit | |
| the 1950s | |
| Life on Earth, The Private Life of Plants, The Blue Planet, The Life of Mammals, Planet Earth and Frozen Planet | |
| fifteen | |
| Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland | |
| local announcers | |
| major local events | |
| Give My Head Peace | |
| River City | |
| Gaelic | |
| Eòrpa and Dè a-nis? | |
| Patrick Kielty Almost Live | |
| 25% | |
| The Simpsons | |
| Neighbours | |
| teletext | |
| 1974 | |
| BBCi | |
| May 2003 | |
| Astra 2D satellite | |
| 14 July | |
| £85 million | |
| Western Europe | |
| Hollywood studios and sporting organisations | |
| Sky Digital | |
| Scottish Premier League and Scottish Cup football | |
| 5 July 2004 | |
| DVD | |
| Newsreel | |
| Little Angels | |
| Jana Bennett | |
| BBC Vision | |
| the onset of new media outlets and technology | |
| 2008 | |
| November 2008 | |
| Keeping Up Appearances | |
| nearly 1000 | |
| BBC Worldwide | |
| annually | |
| advertisements and subscription | |
| 2013 | |
| Danny Cohen | |
| commissioning, producing, scheduling and broadcasting | |
| December 2004 | |
| April 2006 | |
| general entertainment | |
| July 30, 1947 | |
| Alois | |
| two | |
| 15 | |
| seven | |
| Conan the Barbarian | |
| 20 | |
| Arnie | |
| 2011 | |
| Republican | |
| Gray Davis | |
| January 5, 2007 | |
| Austria | |
| Jadrny | |
| Gustav | |
| chief of police | |
| Meinhard | |
| refrigerator | |
| soccer | |
| John Wayne | |
| police officer | |
| Steve Reeves | |
| 1971 | |
| Patrick | |
| stroke | |
| Barbara Baker | |
| Fortune | |
| Mr. Universe | |
| Junior Mr. Europe | |
| 1966 | |
| London | |
| Reg Park | |
| legs | |
| four | |
| Rolf Putziger | |
| 10 | |
| 21 | |
| New York | |
| Ric Drasin | |
| LA Weekly | |
| Arnold: The Education of a Bodybuilder | |
| Santa Monica College | |
| Transcendental Meditation | |
| anxiety | |
| the Arnold Classic | |
| monthly | |
| $250,000 | |
| executive editor | |
| Junior Mr. Europe | |
| seven | |
| half an hour | |
| Munich stone-lifting contest | |
| 1969 | |
| Sergio Oliva | |
| 1970 | |
| 23 | |
| Franco Columbu | |
| 1975 | |
| Mr. Olympia | |
| Pumping Iron | |
| three months | |
| Jeff Bridges | |
| Conan | |
| seven | |
| seven | |
| 1977 | |
| Dr. Willi Heepe | |
| $10,000 | |
| The Globe | |
| Hercules | |
| Strong | |
| Robert Altman | |
| New Male Star of the Year | |
| weird | |
| 1991 | |
| 1980 | |
| The Incredible Hulk | |
| The Villain | |
| Conan the Destroyer | |
| 1984 | |
| James Cameron | |
| Sylvester Stallone | |
| 1987 | |
| Twins | |
| $10 million | |
| Christmas in Connecticut | |
| Tales from the Crypt | |
| Terminator 2: Judgment Day | |
| the National Association of Theatre Owners | |
| True Lies | |
| Junior | |
| $150 million | |
| 82 | |
| Forum Stadtpark | |
| The Kid & I | |
| the Governator | |
| Stan Lee | |
| With Wings as Eagles | |
| Randall Wallace | |
| May 20 | |
| 10 years | |
| Escape Plan | |
| Terminator Genisys | |
| 2015 | |
| 2004 | |
| "Stop the Madness" | |
| 1988 | |
| George H.W. Bush | |
| Conan the Republican | |
| 1999 | |
| The Hollywood Reporter | |
| August 6, 2003 | |
| one | |
| 55.4% | |
| Cruz Bustamante | |
| 1.3 million | |
| 31% | |
| John G. Downey | |
| Willie Brown | |
| Hans and Franz | |
| November | |
| four | |
| Susan Kennedy | |
| Phil Angelides | |
| San Francisco | |
| United States Senate | |
| Wendy Leigh | |
| Sargent Shriver | |
| The Simpsons Movie | |
| 1983 | |
| Austrian | |
| John McCain | |
| Rudy Giuliani | |
| the environment and economy | |
| Citizens for Responsibility and Ethics in Washington | |
| 89% | |
| 23% | |
| Gropegate | |
| six | |
| Los Angeles Times | |
| bathing suit | |
| GQ | |
| marijuana | |
| Anna Richardson | |
| The 6th Day | |
| Los Angeles Times | |
| 1968 | |
| Peter Pilz | |
| September 27, 2006 | |
| refineries | |
| 2020 | |
| the Northeast | |
| solar panels | |
| 2009 | |
| carbon dioxide emissions | |
| Detroit | |
| Article II, Section I, Clause V | |
| the New York Post | |
| Columbia University | |
| index cards | |
| 30 | |
| Franco Columbu | |
| San Fernando earthquake | |
| $10,000 | |
| Planet Hollywood | |
| 2000 | |
| the Hard Rock Cafe | |
| Dimensional Fund Advisors | |
| Columbus, Ohio | |
| Oak Productions, Inc. | |
| Simon & Schuster | |
| Schatzi On Main | |
| Santa Monica | |
| little treasure | |
| 1998 | |
| 2011 | |
| $38 million | |
| 2006 | |
| polite society | |
| the first Apollo Moon landing | |
| Sue Moray | |
| the Robert F. Kennedy Tennis Tournament | |
| August 1978 | |
| niece | |
| Hyannis | |
| four | |
| Heather Milligan | |
| 25 years | |
| the Los Angeles Times | |
| 20 | |
| Joseph | |
| 2010 | |
| Bob Kaufman | |
| Schwarzenegger | |
| spousal support | |
| Brigitte Nielsen | |
| bicuspid | |
| 1997 | |
| Patrick | |
| right femur | |
| Sun Valley, Idaho | |
| Van Nuys Airport | |
| 6'2" | |
| Herb Wesson | |
| 5'10" | |
| Total Recall | |
| "The Secret" | |
| October 2012 | |
| 1992 | |
| Hummers | |
| silver | |
| 6,300 | |
| $21,000 | |
| California Hydrogen Highway Network | |
| U.S. Department of Energy | |
| the Inner City Games Foundation | |
| Shanghai | |
| 400 | |
| the USC Sol Price School of Public Policy | |
| 2012 | |
| chairman | |
| 60 | |
| 190 | |
| Tamar | |
| Devon | |
| Plymouth Sound | |
| Mount Batten | |
| Sutton | |
| 1620 | |
| 1646 | |
| Plymouth Colony | |
| Devonport | |
| 1928 | |
| Plymouth Blitz | |
| 1967 | |
| East Stonehouse | |
| 261,546 | |
| 30th | |
| three | |
| Santander | |
| Plymouth University | |
| TAMARI OSTIA | |
| Mount Batten | |
| mouth/estuaries of the Tamar | |
| 11th | |
| south town | |
| 1211 | |
| King Henry VI | |
| mouth of the River Plym | |
| 1340 | |
| Breton raiders | |
| 1596 | |
| Sutton Pool | |
| 1512 | |
| Sir John Hawkins | |
| Sir Francis Drake | |
| 1588 | |
| 1620 | |
| Plymouth Colony | |
| Parliamentarians | |
| four | |
| Freedom Fields Park | |
| 1660 | |
| Drake's Island | |
| 18th | |
| 17th | |
| 1690 | |
| River Tamar | |
| 318 | |
| 3,000 | |
| Stoke Damerel | |
| timber | |
| Devonport | |
| Stonehouse | |
| John Foulston | |
| Union Street | |
| William Cookworthy | |
| 1768 | |
| chemist | |
| John Smeaton | |
| 2 | |
| John Rennie | |
| 1841 | |
| 1812 | |
| Devonport | |
| guano | |
| Devonport | |
| Scapa Flow | |
| escort vessels | |
| Mount Batten | |
| Royal Australian Air Force | |
| Western Approaches Command | |
| 59 | |
| more than 1,000 | |
| over 3,700 | |
| Sir Patrick Abercrombie | |
| over 1000 | |
| over 20,000 | |
| 1962 | |
| grade II | |
| Ark Royal | |
| 1971 | |
| 42 Commando of the Royal Marines | |
| Domesday Book | |
| 1086 | |
| Sudtone | |
| 1254 | |
| 1439 | |
| Nancy Astor | |
| Plymouth Sutton | |
| 18 October 1928 | |
| 1935 | |
| Plymstock | |
| Plymouth Devonport | |
| Secretary of State for Education | |
| 1974 Health and Safety at Work Act | |
| Labour | |
| Plymouth | |
| 250,000 | |
| 1971 Local Government White Paper | |
| Tamarside | |
| 1 April 1974 | |
| the Banham Commission | |
| South West England | |
| Gary Streeter | |
| Conservative | |
| Moor View | |
| three | |
| 57 | |
| a third | |
| Brest | |
| 2001 | |
| King George V | |
| six | |
| the Lord Mayor | |
| Dr John Mahony | |
| 3 Elliot Terrace | |
| Lady Astor | |
| Armada Way | |
| June 2007 | |
| £40m | |
| River Tamar | |
| River Plym | |
| Cornwall | |
| Plymouth Sound | |
| 1967 | |
| Cattewater | |
| 1814 | |
| Drake's Island | |
| 30.83 | |
| 155 | |
| Site of Special Scientific Interest | |
| Lower Devonian slates | |
| granite | |
| Upper Devonian slates | |
| its geology | |
| Cremyll | |
| Dartmoor | |
| Tamar | |
| Cattedown | |
| limestone | |
| 27 April 1944 | |
| Sir Patrick Abercrombie | |
| Armada Way | |
| David MacKay | |
| 28 | |
| temperate oceanic | |
| 52 | |
| February | |
| 20 | |
| July | |
| Atlantic depressions | |
| autumn | |
| 39 | |
| November | |
| south-west | |
| over 1,600 | |
| South West England | |
| 89 | |
| June 1976 | |
| 4.25 | |
| −8.8 °C | |
| January 1979 | |
| 25,895 | |
| 22nd | |
| 3,000 | |
| £160 million | |
| 1992 | |
| The University of St Mark & St John | |
| teacher training | |
| Plymouth College of Art | |
| 26,000 | |
| 153 | |
| four | |
| two | |
| 71 | |
| 13 | |
| three | |
| Plymouth College | |
| Devonport High School for Girls | |
| the Royal Naval Engineering College | |
| 1910 | |
| Dockyard Technical College | |
| 1994 | |
| University of Southampton | |
| Marine Biological Association | |
| Sir Alister Hardy Foundation for Ocean Sciences | |
| Marine Institute | |
| Plymouth Marine Sciences Partnership | |
| National Marine Aquarium | |
| 256,384 | |
| 240,720 | |
| 15,664 | |
| 2.3 | |
| 0.5 | |
| 25% | |
| 5,169 | |
| £19,943 | |
| £23,755 | |
| 7.0% | |
| 26.2% | |
| 78.3 years | |
| 82.1 | |
| lowest | |
| 12,000 | |
| 7,500 | |
| 1793 | |
| Plymouth Gin Distillery | |
| the 1930s | |
| 10% | |
| Devonport Dockyard | |
| 270 | |
| 500 | |
| Hemsley Fraser | |
| Pannier Market | |
| 1959 | |
| 29th | |
| Tinside Pool | |
| £3.4 million | |
| "Vision for Plymouth" | |
| David Mackay | |
| the Plymouth Chamber of Commerce | |
| 300,000 | |
| 33,000 | |
| 2004 | |
| October 2006 | |
| Cattedown | |
| the RIBA Stirling Prize for Architecture in 2003 | |
| David Mackay | |
| the Bretonside bus station | |
| the Plymouth Pavilions entertainment arena | |
| Millbay | |
| The Parkway | |
| 40 | |
| Tamar Bridge | |
| Plymouth City Airport | |
| First South West | |
| Brittany Ferries | |
| Roscoff | |
| MV Armorique | |
| Stonehouse | |
| 1204 | |
| Plymouth City Airport | |
| 6 | |
| 2018 | |
| FlyPlymouth | |
| 1877 | |
| Great Western Railway | |
| Cornish Main Line | |
| three | |
| CrossCountry | |
| 4 February 2014 | |
| 130 | |
| 4 April 2014 | |
| February 2014 | |
| 150 | |
| 1858 | |
| St Andrew's | |
| Anglican | |
| over twenty | |
| Moses | |
| 1762 | |
| Grade II* | |
| Ashkenazi | |
| 58.1% | |
| 0.8% | |
| 32.9% | |
| 24.7% | |
| 7% | |
| 1815 | |
| Charlie Chaplin | |
| 30s | |
| sailors from the Royal Navy | |
| British Firework Championships | |
| August 2006 | |
| Roy Lowry | |
| University of Plymouth | |
| 1992 | |
| 1,315 | |
| 200 | |
| free | |
| six | |
| 2009 | |
| BBC South West | |
| ITV West Country | |
| 16 February 2009 | |
| ITV West | |
| BBC Radio Devon | |
| Plymouth Argyle F.C. | |
| Football League Two | |
| Home Park | |
| The Pilgrims | |
| Vospers Oak Villa F.C. | |
| Plymouth Albion R.F.C. | |
| Plymouth Raiders | |
| 1875 | |
| Plymouth Pavilions | |
| 1983 | |
| 1823 | |
| September 2011 | |
| nine | |
| 1973 | |
| Plymouth County Borough Corporation | |
| 24 April 1591 | |
| River Meavy | |
| 1801 | |
| Plymouth City Council | |
| South West Water | |
| Western Power Distribution | |
| 2009 | |
| Plympton | |
| 1836 | |
| Crownhill | |
| five | |
| Millbay Docks | |
| Devon and Cornwall Constabulary | |
| Derriford Hospital | |
| 6 | |
| Royal Eye Infirmary | |
| South Western Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust | |
| Exeter | |
| 2007 | |
| Weston Mill | |
| Drake Memorial Park | |
| a brass plaque | |
| mid-19th century | |
| 1666 | |
| English Civil War | |
| 1759 | |
| 23 | |
| Armada Memorial | |
| Sutton | |
| 1620 | |
| Mayflower Steps | |
| 400 | |
| 100 | |
| Crownhill Fort | |
| north | |
| the Landmark Trust | |
| west | |
| over 70 | |
| south-east Cornwall | |
| Kingsand | |
| Tamar Valley | |
| Henning Larsen | |
| 2008 | |
| University of Plymouth | |
| Arts | |
| the city's central quarter | |
| Plymothians | |
| Janners | |
| Cousin Jan | |
| John | |
| Tavistock | |
| El Draco | |
| 1596 | |
| dysentery | |
| Sir Joshua Reynolds | |
| Robert Lenkiewicz | |
| Plymouth College of Art | |
| Jazz | |
| Keith Rowe | |
| Trematon Castle | |
| footballer | |
| Canadian | |
| Lyndon B. Johnson | |
| Clear and Present Danger | |
| comedian |