lmqg/qg_squad huggingface dataset:
Von Braun and his team were sent to the United States Army's White Sands Proving Ground, located in New Mexico, in 1945. They set about assembling the captured V2s and began a program of launching them and instructing American engineers in their operation. These tests led to the first rocket to take photos from outer space, and the first two-stage rocket, the WAC Corporal-V2 combination, in 1949. The German rocket team was moved from Fort Bliss to the Army's new Redstone Arsenal, located in Huntsville, Alabama, in 1950. From here, von Braun and his team would develop the Army's first operational medium-range ballistic missile, the Redstone rocket, that would, in slightly modified versions, launch both America's first satellite, and the first piloted Mercury space missions. It became the basis for both the Jupiter and Saturn family of rockets.

Question: The United States Army's White Sands Proving Ground is located where?
Answer: New Mexico

Question: Von Braun and his associates were sent to United States Army's White Sands Proving Ground in what year?
Answer: 1945

Question: The first two-stage rocket was developed in what year?
Answer: 1949

Question: The Army's new Redstone Arsenal is located in what city and state?
Answer: Huntsville, Alabama

Question: What year was the German rocket team moved to Alabama?
Answer: 1950
In 1953, Korolev was given the go-ahead to develop the R-7 Semyorka rocket, which represented a major advance from the German design. Although some of its components (notably boosters) still resembled the German G-4, the new rocket incorporated staged design, a completely new control system, and a new fuel. It was successfully tested on August 21, 1957 and became the world's first fully operational ICBM the following month. It would later be used to launch the first satellite into space, and derivatives would launch all piloted Soviet spacecraft.

Question: Who began developing the R-7 Semyorka rocket?
Answer: Korolev

Question: R-7 Semyorka rocket resembled closely to what other missile?
Answer: German G-4

Question: When was the R-7 Semyorka rocket tested successfully?
Answer: August 21, 1957

Question: The first satellite launched into space used what rocket?
Answer: R-7 Semyorka rocket
The Soviet Union duplicated its dual-launch feat with Vostok 5 and Vostok 6 (June 16, 1963). This time they launched the first woman (also the first civilian), Valentina Tereshkova, into space on Vostok 6. Launching a woman was reportedly Korolev's idea, and it was accomplished purely for propaganda value. Tereshkova was one of a small corps of female cosmonauts who were amateur parachutists, but Tereshkova was the only one to fly. The USSR didn't again open its cosmonaut corps to women until 1980, two years after the United States opened its astronaut corps to women.

Question: The first woman that went into space was whom?
Answer: Valentina Tereshkova

Question: What spacecraft carried Valentina Tereshkova, the first woman in space?
Answer: Vostok 6

Question: The first woman to launch into space was on what date?
Answer: June 16, 1963

Question: The first woman to go into space was from which country?
Answer: The USSR
During the summer of 1968, the Apollo program hit another snag: the first pilot-rated Lunar Module (LM) was not ready for orbital tests in time for a December 1968 launch. NASA planners overcame this challenge by changing the mission flight order, delaying the first LM flight until March 1969, and sending Apollo 8 into lunar orbit without the LM in December. This mission was in part motivated by intelligence rumors the Soviet Union might be ready for a piloted Zond flight during late 1968. In September 1968, Zond 5 made a circumlunar flight with tortoises on board and returned to Earth, accomplishing the first successful water landing of the Soviet space program in the Indian Ocean. It also scared NASA planners, as it took them several days to figure out that it was only an automated flight, not piloted, because voice recordings were transmitted from the craft en route to the Moon. On November 10, 1968 another automated test flight, Zond 6 was launched, but this time encountered difficulties in its Earth reentry, and depressurized and deployed its parachute too early, causing it to crash-land only 16 kilometers (9.9 mi) from where it had been launched six days earlier. It turned out there was no chance of a piloted Soviet circumlunar flight during 1968, due to the unreliability of the Zonds.

Question: The first successful water landing in the Indian Ocean by the Soviets was was when?
Answer: 1968

Question: What animal was carried aboard the Zond 5?
Answer: tortoises

Question: The first Lunar Module was delayed to what date?
Answer: March 1969
The owner, tenant or manager (licensee) of a pub is properly known as the "pub landlord". The term publican (in historical Roman usage a public contractor or tax farmer) has come into use since Victorian times to designate the pub landlord. Known as "locals" to regulars, pubs are typically chosen for their proximity to home or work, the availability of a particular beer, as a place to smoke (or avoid it), hosting a darts team, having a pool or snooker table, or appealing to friends.

Question: What is the owner, tenant or manager of a pub known as?
Answer: pub landlord

Question: What term came into use in Victorian times to designate the pub landlord?
Answer: publican

Question: Name one way regulars choose their Pubs?
Answer: for their proximity to home or work

Question: What is a proper term for the licensee of the pub?
Answer: pub landlord

Question: What was the pub landlord often called in Victorian times?
Answer: publican

Question: What are pubs called by those who regularly visit there?
Answer: locals

Question: Teams for what sport can be found congregating at pubs?
Answer: darts

Question: What gaming tables can often be found in pubs?
Answer: pool or snooker
In 2004, SME and Bertelsmann Music Group merged as Sony BMG Music Entertainment. When Sony acquired BMG's half of the conglomerate in 2008, Sony BMG reverted to the SME name. The buyout led to the dissolution of BMG, which then relaunched as BMG Rights Management. Out of the "Big Three" record companies, with Universal Music Group being the largest and Warner Music Group, SME is middle-sized.

Question: In what year did SME merge with another company?
Answer: 2004

Question: What was the name of the other company that SME merged with?
Answer: Bertelsmann Music Group

Question: What did the company call themselves after the merger?
Answer: Sony BMG Music Entertainment

Question: In what year did Sony BMG Music Entertainment go back to being called SME?
Answer: 2008
Patience Latting was elected Mayor of Oklahoma City in 1971, becoming the city's first female mayor. Latting was also the first woman to serve as mayor of a U.S. city with over 350,000 residents.

Question: Who was the Oklahoma Cities first female mayor?
Answer: Patience Latting

Question: When was Patience Latting elected?
Answer: 1971
Oklahoma City is protected by the Oklahoma City Fire Department (OKCFD), which employs 1015 paid, professional firefighters. The current Chief of Department is G. Keith Bryant, the department is also commanded by three Deputy Chiefs, who – along with the department chief – oversee the Operational Services, Prevention Services, and Support Services bureaus. The OKCFD currently operates out of 37 fire stations, located throughout the city in six battalions. The OKCFD also operates a fire apparatus fleet of 36 engines (including 30 paramedic engines), 13 ladders, 16 brush patrol units, six water tankers, two hazardous materials units, one Technical Rescue Unit, one Air Supply Unit, six Arson Investigation Units, and one Rehabilitation Unit. Each engine is staffed with a driver, an officer, and one to two firefighters, while each ladder company is staffed with a driver, an officer, and one firefighter. Minimum staffing per shift is 213 personnel. The Oklahoma City Fire Department responds to over 70,000 emergency calls annually.

Question: How many people are paid to be employed by the Oklahoma City Fire department?
Answer: 1015

Question: Who is currently the Chief of the department?
Answer: G. Keith Bryant

Question: How many firestations are there?
Answer: 37

Question: How many emergency calls are made yearly?
Answer: 70,000
Only a few contemporary societies are classified as hunter-gatherers, and many supplement their foraging activity with horticulture and/or keeping animals.

Question: How many groups of modern hunter-gatherers are there?
Answer: Only a few

Question: What do modern hunter-gatherers use to produce food in addition to gathering?
Answer: horticulture and/or keeping animals

Question: Who uses agriculture and animal domestication to supplement their food?
Answer: hunter-gatherers

Question: Besides agriculture, how do gatherers add to their food supply?
Answer: keeping animals

Question: In addition to domesticated animals, how do gatherers supplement their food?
Answer: horticulture
One way to divide hunter-gatherer groups is by their return systems. James Woodburn uses the categories "immediate return" hunter-gatherers for egalitarian and "delayed return" for nonegalitarian. Immediate return foragers consume their food within a day or two after they procure it. Delayed return foragers store the surplus food (Kelly, 31).

Question: What does the immediate return system mean?
Answer: egalitarian

Question: To what kind of group does the delayed return system belong?
Answer: nonegalitarian

Question: Which group eats their acquired food in a day or two?
Answer: immediate return
The United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), formerly the United Nations Fund for Population Activities, is a UN organization. The UNFPA says it "is the lead UN agency for delivering a world where every pregnancy is wanted, every childbirth is safe and every young person's potential is fulfilled." Their work involves the improvement of reproductive health; including creation of national strategies and protocols, and providing supplies and services. The organization has recently been known for its worldwide campaign against obstetric fistula and female genital mutilation.

Question: What is the current name of the United Nations Fund for Population Activities?
Answer: United Nations Population Fund

Question: UNFPA's work concerns what general area?
Answer: reproductive health

Question: One of UNFPA's goals is to make all pregnancies what?
Answer: wanted

Question: Another of UNFPA's goals is to make all childbirths what?
Answer: safe

Question: What, in addition to its work against obstetric fistula, is UNFPA campaigning against?
Answer: female genital mutilation
Executive Directors and Under-Secretaries General of the UN 2011–present Dr Babatunde Osotimehin (Nigeria) 2000–2010 Ms Thoraya Ahmed Obaid (Saudi Arabia) 1987–2000 Dr Nafis Sadik (Pakistan) 1969–87 Mr Rafael M. Salas (Philippines)

Question: Who was Executive Director or Under-Secretary General from 1969 to 1987?
Answer: Rafael M. Salas

Question: Dr Babatunde Osotimehin hailed from what country?
Answer: Nigeria

Question: Who was Executive Director or Under-Secretary General from 2000 to 2010?
Answer: Thoraya Ahmed Obaid

Question: Which doctor from Pakistan served until 2000?
Answer: Dr Nafis Sadik
UNFPA has been falsely accused by anti-family planning groups of providing support for government programs which have promoted forced-abortions and coercive sterilizations. Controversies regarding these claims have resulted in a sometimes shaky relationship between the organization and three presidential administrations, that of Ronald Reagan, George H. W. Bush and George W. Bush, withholding funding from the UNFPA.

Question: UNFPA has been accused of supporting what type of abortion?
Answer: forced-abortions

Question: UNFPA has been accused of supporting programs that coerce what?
Answer: sterilizations

Question: What groups have made these accusations against UNFPA?
Answer: anti-family planning groups

Question: Controversy regarding these accusations has caused conflict with how many presidential administrations?
Answer: three
The Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (Russian SFSR or RSFSR; Russian: Российская Советская Федеративная Социалистическая Республика, tr. Rossiyskaya Sovetskaya Federativnaya Sotsialisticheskaya Respublika listen (help·info)) commonly referred to as Soviet Russia or simply as Russia, was a sovereign state in 1917–22, the largest, most populous, and most economically developed republic of the Soviet Union in 1922–91 and a sovereign part of the Soviet Union with its own legislation in 1990–91. The Republic comprised sixteen autonomous republics, five autonomous oblasts, ten autonomous okrugs, six krais, and forty oblasts. Russians formed the largest ethnic group. To the west it bordered Finland, Norway and Poland; and to the south, China, Mongolia and North Korea whilst bordering the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Pacific Ocean to the east and the Black sea and Caspian Sea to the south. Within the USSR, it bordered the Baltic republics (Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia), the Byelorussian SSR and the Ukrainian SSR to the west. To the south it bordered the Georgian, Azerbaijan and Kazakh SSRs.

Question: Which ocean is along eastern Russia?
Answer: the Pacific Ocean

Question: Which union did Russia belong to after 1922?
Answer: the Soviet Union

Question: When did the RSFSR cease to be a part of the Soviet Union?
Answer: 91

Question: How many autonomous republics make up the RSFSR?
Answer: sixteen

Question: The RSFSR contains how many oblasts?
Answer: forty

Question: How many autonomous oblasts were part of the RSFSR?
Answer: five

Question: How many krais were present in the RSFSR?
Answer: six
Alexander Bell was born in Edinburgh, Scotland, on March 3, 1847. The family home was at 16 South Charlotte Street, and has a stone inscription marking it as Alexander Graham Bell's birthplace. He had two brothers: Melville James Bell (1845–70) and Edward Charles Bell (1848–67), both of whom would die of tuberculosis. His father was Professor Alexander Melville Bell, a phonetician, and his mother was Eliza Grace (née Symonds). Born as just "Alexander Bell", at age 10 he made a plea to his father to have a middle name like his two brothers.[N 6] For his 11th birthday, his father acquiesced and allowed him to adopt the name "Graham", chosen out of respect for Alexander Graham, a Canadian being treated by his father who had become a family friend. To close relatives and friends he remained "Aleck".

Question: What city was Bell born in?
Answer: Edinburgh

Question: What material marks Bells family home as his birthplace?
Answer: stone

Question: What disease did his two brothers die of?
Answer: tuberculosis

Question: At what age did Bell ask for a middle name?
Answer: 10

Question: What did those close to him call Bell?
Answer: Aleck
Intrigued by the results of the automaton, Bell continued to experiment with a live subject, the family's Skye Terrier, "Trouve". After he taught it to growl continuously, Bell would reach into its mouth and manipulate the dog's lips and vocal cords to produce a crude-sounding "Ow ah oo ga ma ma". With little convincing, visitors believed his dog could articulate "How are you grandma?" More indicative of his playful nature, his experiments convinced onlookers that they saw a "talking dog". However, these initial forays into experimentation with sound led Bell to undertake his first serious work on the transmission of sound, using tuning forks to explore resonance.

Question: What living thing did Bell use in his research?
Answer: Skye Terrier

Question: What was Bell's pet's name?
Answer: Trouve

Question: What phrase did people believe Bell's dog could say?
Answer: How are you grandma?

Question: Bell investigated resonance using what?
Answer: tuning forks

Question: What did Bell instruct his dog to do?
Answer: growl continuously
Returning home to Brantford after six months abroad, Bell continued his experiments with his "harmonic telegraph".[N 12] The basic concept behind his device was that messages could be sent through a single wire if each message was transmitted at a different pitch, but work on both the transmitter and receiver was needed.

Question: How many wires did Bell send a signal through?
Answer: 1

Question: For his system to work, Bell had to change what about each code?
Answer: pitch

Question: Bell needed to fix both the transmitter and what?
Answer: receiver

Question: Where was Bell's home?
Answer: Brantford
Network hardware, software and specifications, as well as the expertise of network management personnel are important in ensuring that data follows the most efficient route, and upstream connections work reliably. A tradeoff between cost and efficiency is possible.[citation needed]

Question: Is a tradeoff between efficiency and cost possible?
Answer: A tradeoff between cost and efficiency is possible

Question: What sort of route does data follow?
Answer: the most efficient route
Quoted at constant 2002 prices, GDP fell from £12 million in 1999-2000 to £11 million in 2005-06. Imports are mainly from the UK and South Africa and amounted to £6.4 million in 2004-05 (quoted on an FOB basis). Exports are much smaller, amounting to £0.2 million in 2004-05. Exports are mainly fish and coffee; Philatelic sales were £0.06 million in 2004-05. The limited number of visiting tourists spent about £0.4 million in 2004-05, representing a contribution to GDP of 3%.

Question: What was the GDP of the island in 1999-2000?
Answer: £12 million

Question: By 2006 the GDP had dropped to what?
Answer: £11 million

Question: Imports to the island mostly occur from what countries?
Answer: the UK and South Africa

Question: What are the main exports of the island?
Answer: fish and coffee

Question: Tourists spent how much in 2004-05?
Answer: £0.4 million
Education is free and compulsory between the ages of 5 and 16 The island has three primary schools for students of age 4 to 11: Harford, Pilling, and St Paul’s. Prince Andrew School provides secondary education for students aged 11 to 18. At the beginning of the academic year 2009-10, 230 students were enrolled in primary school and 286 in secondary school.

Question: How many primary schools does the island have?
Answer: 3

Question: What are the 3 primary schools called?
Answer: Harford, Pilling, and St Paul’s

Question: What is the name of the secondary school for the island?
Answer: Prince Andrew School

Question: How many students were enrolled in primary school in 2010?
Answer: 230
Some of the Dravidian languages, such as Telugu, Tamil, Malayalam, and Kannada, have a distinction between voiced and voiceless, aspirated and unaspirated only in loanwords from Indo-Aryan languages. In native Dravidian words, there is no distinction between these categories and stops are underspecified for voicing and aspiration.

Question: Telegu, Kannada and others are considered to be some of the what languages?
Answer: Dravidian

Question: What has no distinction between the categories of voiced, voiceless, aspirated and unaspirated?
Answer: native Dravidian words
Hydrogen gas forms explosive mixtures with air if it is 4–74% concentrated and with chlorine if it is 5–95% concentrated. The mixtures may be ignited by spark, heat or sunlight. The hydrogen autoignition temperature, the temperature of spontaneous ignition in air, is 500 °C (932 °F). Pure hydrogen-oxygen flames emit ultraviolet light and with high oxygen mix are nearly invisible to the naked eye, as illustrated by the faint plume of the Space Shuttle Main Engine compared to the highly visible plume of a Space Shuttle Solid Rocket Booster. The detection of a burning hydrogen leak may require a flame detector; such leaks can be very dangerous. Hydrogen flames in other conditions are blue, resembling blue natural gas flames. The destruction of the Hindenburg airship was an infamous example of hydrogen combustion; the cause is debated, but the visible orange flames were the result of a rich mixture of hydrogen to oxygen combined with carbon compounds from the airship skin.

Question: What kind of light do hydrogen-oxygen flames make?
Answer: ultraviolet light

Question: What caused the Hindenburg to explode?
Answer: hydrogen combustion
Compounds of hydrogen are often called hydrides, a term that is used fairly loosely. The term "hydride" suggests that the H atom has acquired a negative or anionic character, denoted H−, and is used when hydrogen forms a compound with a more electropositive element. The existence of the hydride anion, suggested by Gilbert N. Lewis in 1916 for group I and II salt-like hydrides, was demonstrated by Moers in 1920 by the electrolysis of molten lithium hydride (LiH), producing a stoichiometry quantity of hydrogen at the anode. For hydrides other than group I and II metals, the term is quite misleading, considering the low electronegativity of hydrogen. An exception in group II hydrides is BeH 2, which is polymeric. In lithium aluminium hydride, the AlH− 4 anion carries hydridic centers firmly attached to the Al(III).

Question: Who suggested that hydride anions existed?character does the H atom have in a hydride?
Answer: Gilbert N. Lewis

Question: What group of hydrides is BEH considered polymeric?
Answer: group II
To avoid the implication of the naked "solvated proton" in solution, acidic aqueous solutions are sometimes considered to contain a less unlikely fictitious species, termed the "hydronium ion" (H 3O+). However, even in this case, such solvated hydrogen cations are more realistically conceived as being organized into clusters that form species closer to H 9O+ 4. Other oxonium ions are found when water is in acidic solution with other solvents.

Question: Where can oxonium ions be found?
Answer: in acidic solution with other solvents

Question: What other term is a solvated protons referred as?
Answer: hydronium ion
Although exotic on Earth, one of the most common ions in the universe is the H+ 3 ion, known as protonated molecular hydrogen or the trihydrogen cation.

Question: What kind of molecular hydrogen is the H+3 knows as?
Answer: protonated

Question: What kind of cation is the H+3 knowns as?
Answer: trihydrogen cation
Because of its simple atomic structure, consisting only of a proton and an electron, the hydrogen atom, together with the spectrum of light produced from it or absorbed by it, has been central to the development of the theory of atomic structure. Furthermore, the corresponding simplicity of the hydrogen molecule and the corresponding cation H+ 2 allowed fuller understanding of the nature of the chemical bond, which followed shortly after the quantum mechanical treatment of the hydrogen atom had been developed in the mid-1920s.

Question: What is the hydrogen atom made up of?
Answer: a proton and an electron

Question: What theory is the hydrogen atom a big part of?
Answer: atomic structure

Question: When was the quantum mechanical treatment of the hydrogen atom developed?
Answer: 1920s
A molecular form called protonated molecular hydrogen (H+ 3) is found in the interstellar medium, where it is generated by ionization of molecular hydrogen from cosmic rays. This charged ion has also been observed in the upper atmosphere of the planet Jupiter. The ion is relatively stable in the environment of outer space due to the low temperature and density. H+ 3 is one of the most abundant ions in the Universe, and it plays a notable role in the chemistry of the interstellar medium. Neutral triatomic hydrogen H3 can only exist in an excited form and is unstable. By contrast, the positive hydrogen molecular ion (H+ 2) is a rare molecule in the universe.

Question: What molecular form is found in the interstellar medium?
Answer: protonated molecular hydrogen

Question: What generates protonated molecular hydrogen?
Answer: ionization of molecular hydrogen from cosmic rays

Question: On what planet can you find protonated molecular hydrogen?
Answer: Jupiter

Question: In what way can Neutral triatomic hydrogen exist?
Answer: excited form