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With the opening of the tourist industry after the change in the political scenario of Nepal in 1950, the hotel industry drastically improved. Now Kathmandu boasts several luxury such as the Hyatt Regency, Dwarika's, theYak & Yeti, The Everest Hotel, Hotel Radisson, Hotel De L'Annapurna, The Malla Hotel, Shangri-La Hotel (which is not operated by the Shangri-La Hotel Group) and The Shanker Hotel. There are several four-star hotels such as Hotel Vaishali, Hotel Narayani, The Blue Star and Grand Hotel. The Garden Hotel, Hotel Ambassador, and Aloha Inn are among the three-star hotels in Kathmandu. Hotels like Hyatt Regency, De L'Annapurna and Hotel Yak & Yeti are among the five-star hotels providing casinos as well.

question: How many stars is Kathmandu's Grand Hotel?, answer: four | question: What type of hotel is Aloha Inn?, answer: three-star | question: De L'Annapurna is an example of what sort of hotel?, answer: five-star | question: What attractions are present at Hotel Yak & Yeti and the Hyatt Regency?, answer: casinos

With the other special characters and control codes filled in, ASCII was published as ASA X3.4-1963, leaving 28 code positions without any assigned meaning, reserved for future standardization, and one unassigned control code.:66, 245 There was some debate at the time whether there should be more control characters rather than the lowercase alphabet.:435 The indecision did not last long: during May 1963 the CCITT Working Party on the New Telegraph Alphabet proposed to assign lowercase characters to columns 6 and 7, and International Organization for Standardization TC 97 SC 2 voted during October to incorporate the change into its draft standard. The X3.2.4 task group voted its approval for the change to ASCII at its May 1963 meeting. Locating the lowercase letters in columns 6 and 7 caused the characters to differ in bit pattern from the upper case by a single bit, which simplified case-insensitive character matching and the construction of keyboards and printers.

question: What was ASCII published as and when?, answer: ASA X3.4-1963 | question: How many code positions were left unassigned for furture standardization?, answer: 28 code positions | question: When was the change to ASCII made official?, answer: May 1963 | question: The lower case letters caused a differ in the patter, what did this cause?, answer: simplified case-insensitive character matching and the construction of keyboards and printers

With the rapid growth of industrial workers in the auto factories, labor unions such as the American Federation of Labor and the United Auto Workers fought to organize workers to gain them better working conditions and wages. They initiated strikes and other tactics in support of improvements such as the 8-hour day/40-hour work week, increased wages, greater benefits and improved working conditions. The labor activism during those years increased influence of union leaders in the city such as Jimmy Hoffa of the Teamsters and Walter Reuther of the Autoworkers.

question: Who was the labor leader of the Teamsters?, answer: Jimmy Hoffa | question: Who was the labor leader of the Autoworkers?, answer: Walter Reuther | question: How many hours did the unions push for as a maximum for a work day?, answer: 8 | question: How many hours did the Unions want the work week to be limited to?, answer: 40

With the record company a global operation in 1965, the Columbia Broadcasting System upper management started pondering changing the name of their record company subsidiary from Columbia Records to CBS Records.

question: CBS began thinking of a name change to their record label in what year?, answer: 1965

With the redevelopment of Las Vegas and the opening of two casinos in Connecticut in the early 1990s, along with newly built casinos in the nearby Philadelphia metro area in the 2000s, Atlantic City's tourism began to decline due to its failure to diversify away from gaming. Determined to expand, in 1999 the Atlantic City Redevelopment Authority partnered with Las Vegas casino mogul Steve Wynn to develop a new roadway to a barren section of the city near the Marina. Nicknamed "The Tunnel Project", Steve Wynn planned the proposed 'Mirage Atlantic City' around the idea that he would connect the $330 million tunnel stretching 2.5 miles (4.0 km) from the Atlantic City Expressway to his new resort. The roadway was later officially named the Atlantic City-Brigantine Connector, and funnels incoming traffic off of the expressway into the city's marina district and Brigantine, New Jersey.

question: Atlantic City's tourism began to decline due to what failure?, answer: to diversify away from gaming | question: Who did the Atlantic City Redevelopment Authority partner with in 1999?, answer: Steve Wynn | question: Why did the Atlantic City Redevelopment Authority partner with Steve Wynn?, answer: to develop a new roadway | question: What was the project involving Steve Wynn nicknamed?, answer: The Tunnel Project | question: "The Tunnel Project" was later officially named what?, answer: Atlantic City-Brigantine Connector

With the release of 16:9 televisions in the mid-1990s, Pioneer and Toshiba decided that it was time to take advantage of this aspect ratio. Squeeze LDs were enhanced 16:9-ratio widescreen LaserDiscs. During the video transfer stage, the movie was stored in an anamorphic "squeezed" format. The widescreen movie image was stretched to fill the entire video frame with less or none of the video resolution wasted to create letterbox bars. The advantage was a 33% greater vertical resolution compared to letterboxed widescreen LaserDisc. This same procedure was used for anamorphic DVDs, but unlike all DVD players, very few LD players had the ability to unsqueeze the image for 4:3 sets, and very few if any 4:3 sets could be set to play them properly either. If the discs were played on a standard 4:3 television the image would be distorted. Since very few people owned 16:9 displays, the marketability of these special discs was very limited.

question: What were "Squeeze LDs"?, answer: enhanced 16:9-ratio widescreen LaserDiscs | question: With what aspect ratio did Squeeze LDs operate?, answer: 16:9-ratio widescreen | question: Why did Squeeze LDs have a very limited market?, answer: very few people owned 16:9 displays | question: Could the 16:9 aspect ratio be easily resized by a normal LD player, or was the image significantly distorted?, answer: distorted | question: What percent vertical resolution increase did Squeeze LDs feature over regular widescreen LDs?, answer: 33%

With the rise of disco in the US and punk rock in the UK, hard rock's mainstream dominance was rivalled toward the later part of the decade. Disco appealed to a more diverse group of people and punk seemed to take over the rebellious role that hard rock once held. Early punk bands like The Ramones explicitly rebelled against the drum solos and extended guitar solos that characterised stadium rock, with almost all of their songs clocking in around two minutes with no guitar solos. However, new rock acts continued to emerge and record sales remained high into the 1980s. 1977 saw the début and rise to stardom of Foreigner, who went on to release several platinum albums through to the mid-1980s. Midwestern groups like Kansas, REO Speedwagon and Styx helped further cement heavy rock in the Midwest as a form of stadium rock. In 1978, Van Halen emerged from the Los Angeles music scene with a sound based around the skills of lead guitarist Eddie Van Halen. He popularised a guitar-playing technique of two-handed hammer-ons and pull-offs called tapping, showcased on the song "Eruption" from the album Van Halen, which was highly influential in re-establishing hard rock as a popular genre after the punk and disco explosion, while also redefining and elevating the role of electric guitar.

question: What two genres made inroads on hard rock in the 1970s?, answer: disco in the US and punk rock in the UK | question: What punk band's songs rarely exceeded two minutes in length?, answer: The Ramones | question: What were three midwestern hard rock bands?, answer: Kansas, REO Speedwagon and Styx | question: What city was Van Halen originally from?, answer: Los Angeles | question: Which Van Halen instrumental showcased the guitar mastery of Eddie Van Halen?, answer: "Eruption"

With the six consistories, Paul VI continued the internationalization policies started by Pius XII in 1946 and continued by John XXIII. In his 1976 consistory, five of twenty cardinals originated from Africa, one of them a son of a tribal chief with fifty wives. Several prominent Latin Americans like Eduardo Francisco Pironio of Argentina; Luis Aponte Martinez of Puerto Rico and Eugênio de Araújo Sales and Aloisio Lorscheider from Brazil were also elevated by him. There were voices within the Church at the time saying that the European period of the Church was coming to a close, a view shared by Britain's Cardinal Basil Hume. At the same time, the members of the College of Cardinals lost some of their previous influences, after Paul VI decreed, that not only cardinals but also bishops too may participate in committees of the Roman Curia. The age limit of eighty years imposed by the Pope, a numerical increase of Cardinals by almost 100%, and a reform of the regal vestments of the "Princes of the Church" further contributed to a service-oriented perception of Cardinals under his pontificate. The increased number of Cardinals from the Third World and the papal emphasis on related issues was nevertheless welcomed by many in Western Europe.

question: How many cardinals were from Africa in 1976?, answer: five | question: What country did Cardinal Eduardo Francisco Pironi represent?, answer: Argentina | question: What country did Cardinal Araujo Sales represent?, answer: Brazil | question: What group's committees did Paul VI declare both bishops and cardinals could participate in?, answer: Roman Curia | question: What type of clothing did Paul VI enact reform on?, answer: regal vestments

With the two-factor theory now incorporating cognition, several theories began to argue that cognitive activity in the form of judgments, evaluations, or thoughts were entirely necessary for an emotion to occur. One of the main proponents of this view was Richard Lazarus who argued that emotions must have some cognitive intentionality. The cognitive activity involved in the interpretation of an emotional context may be conscious or unconscious and may or may not take the form of conceptual processing.

question: Who argued that emotions arise from cognitive intentionality?, answer: Richard Lazarus | question: Along with evaluations and thoughts, what cognitive activity did theorists believe to be required for emotion?, answer: judgments | question: In Lazarus' view, what could the cognitive activity be if it was not conscious?, answer: unconscious

With the unification of the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms (outside the Danelaw) by Alfred the Great in the later 9th century, the language of government and literature became standardised around the West Saxon dialect (Early West Saxon). Alfred advocated education in English alongside Latin, and had many works translated into the English language; some of them, such as Pope Gregory I's treatise Pastoral Care, appear to have been translated by Alfred himself. In Old English, typical of the development of literature, poetry arose before prose, but King Alfred the Great (871 to 901) chiefly inspired the growth of prose.

question: What treatise was written by Pope Gregory?, answer: Pastoral Care | question: What dialect did Alfred's government use?, answer: West Saxon | question: In what century did Alfred unify Anglo-Saxon England?, answer: 9th | question: When did Alfred the Great's reign begin?, answer: 871 | question: What king unified the Anglo-Saxon realms in England?, answer: Alfred the Great

With the union of the crowns of Castille and Aragon (1479), the use of Spanish gradually became more prestigious. Starting in the 16th century, Catalan literature experienced a decline, the language came under the influence of Spanish, and the urban and literary classes became bilingual.

question: When were Castille and Aragon united?, answer: 1479 | question: After 1479, what language became more valued?, answer: Spanish | question: When did Catalan literature begin a downward trend?, answer: 16th century | question: What language began to supersede Catalan?, answer: Spanish | question: At this time what classes became bilingual?, answer: urban and literary

With the wealth brought on by the gold rush following closely on the heels of the establishment of Victoria as a separate colony and the subsequent need for public buildings, a program of grand civic construction soon began. The 1850s and 1860s saw the commencement of Parliament House, the Treasury Building, the Old Melbourne Gaol, Victoria Barracks, the State Library, University, General Post Office, Customs House, the Melbourne Town Hall, St Patrick's cathedral, though many remained uncompleted for decades, with some still not finished.

question: When Victoria was established as a seperate colony, the need for what followed?, answer: public buildings | question: During what two decades were the Parliament House, Treasury Building, Victoria Barracks, State Library, and General Post Office commenced?, answer: 1850s and 1860s | question: Melbourne's weath was due in part to what event?, answer: gold rush

With this contribution of von Neumann, the axiomatic system of the theory of sets became fully satisfactory, and the next question was whether or not it was also definitive, and not subject to improvement. A strongly negative answer arrived in September 1930 at the historic mathematical Congress of Königsberg, in which Kurt Gödel announced his first theorem of incompleteness: the usual axiomatic systems are incomplete, in the sense that they cannot prove every truth which is expressible in their language. This result was sufficiently innovative as to confound the majority of mathematicians of the time.

question: In 1930 who gave a strongly negative answer to Von Neuman's approach to the axiomatic system of theory of sets?, answer: Kurt Gödel | question: What was the central theme of Godel's announcement that the axiomatic system was not complete?, answer: they cannot prove every truth which is expressible in their language | question: Where was Godel's statement about axiomatic system made in 1930?, answer: Congress of Königsberg

With too low a bit rate, compression artifacts (i.e., sounds that were not present in the original recording) may be audible in the reproduction. Some audio is hard to compress because of its randomness and sharp attacks. When this type of audio is compressed, artifacts such as ringing or pre-echo are usually heard. A sample of applause compressed with a relatively low bit rate provides a good example of compression artifacts.

question: If the bit rate is too low, what might be audible in the reproduction?, answer: compression artifacts | question: Sounds that were not in the original recording are referred to as what?, answer: compression artifacts | question: Randomness and sharp attacks are two reasons that may make it harder to to do what to an audio file?, answer: compress | question: Other than pre - echo, what is another example of what can happen when audio is compressed?, answer: ringing | question: What kind of sample can display a good example of compression artifacts?, answer: A sample of applause

Witherspoon et al. (2007) have argued that even when individuals can be reliably assigned to specific population groups, it may still be possible for two randomly chosen individuals from different populations/clusters to be more similar to each other than to a randomly chosen member of their own cluster. They found that many thousands of genetic markers had to be used in order for the answer to the question "How often is a pair of individuals from one population genetically more dissimilar than two individuals chosen from two different populations?" to be "never". This assumed three population groups separated by large geographic ranges (European, African and East Asian). The entire world population is much more complex and studying an increasing number of groups would require an increasing number of markers for the same answer. The authors conclude that "caution should be used when using geographic or genetic ancestry to make inferences about individual phenotypes." Witherspoon, et al. concluded that, "The fact that, given enough genetic data, individuals can be correctly assigned to their populations of origin is compatible with the observation that most human genetic variation is found within populations, not between them. It is also compatible with our finding that, even when the most distinct populations are considered and hundreds of loci are used, individuals are frequently more similar to members of other populations than to members of their own population."

question: Randomly chosen people from different groups may be more similar to each other than with members of their own what?, answer: cluster | question: How many genetic markers need to be used to show people from different groups are dissimilar to each other?, answer: thousands | question: Studying increasing number of groups require an increasing number of what?, answer: markers | question: What should be used when using ancestry to make inferences about individual phenotypes?, answer: caution | question: People are more frequently similar to members of what populations?, answer: other populations

Within Galicia are the Autopista AP-9 from Ferrol to Vigo and the Autopista AP-53 (also known as AG-53, because it was initially built by the Xunta de Galicia) from Santiago to Ourense. Additional roads under construction include Autovía A-54 from Santiago de Compostela to Lugo, and Autovía A-56 from Lugo to Ourense. The Xunta de Galicia has built roads connecting comarcal capitals, such as the aforementioned AG-53, Autovía AG-55 connecting A Coruña to Carballo or AG-41 connecting Pontevedra to Sanxenxo.

question: The Autopista AP-53 was originally built by whom?, answer: Xunta de Galicia | question: Name another road they responsible for., answer: AG-41

Within London, both the City of London and the City of Westminster have city status and both the City of London and the remainder of Greater London are counties for the purposes of lieutenancies. The area of Greater London has incorporated areas that were once part of the historic counties of Middlesex, Kent, Surrey, Essex and Hertfordshire. London's status as the capital of England, and later the United Kingdom, has never been granted or confirmed officially—by statute or in written form.[note 6]

question: What title regarding London has never been made official in law or by decree?, answer: London's status as the capital of England | question: What areas within Greater London have city status?, answer: the City of London and the City of Westminster | question: For what reason are the City of London and Greater London considered to be counties?, answer: for the purposes of lieutenancies

Within Shia Islam (Shiism), the various sects came into being because they differed over their Imams' successions, just as the Shia - Sunni separation within Islam itself had come into being from the dispute that had arisen over the succession to Muhammad. Each succession dispute brought forth a different tariqah (literal meaning 'path'; extended meaning 'sect') within Shia Islam. Each Shia tariqah followed its own particular Imam's dynasty, thus resulting in different numbers of Imams for each particular Shia tariqah. When the dynastic line of the separating successor Imam ended with no heir to succeed him, then either he (the last Imam) or his unborn successor was believed to have gone into concealment, that is, The Occultation.

question: Why did different sects come about within Shiism?, answer: they differed over their Imams' successions | question: What great separation came to be from a dispute over the succession to Muhammad?, answer: Shia - Sunni | question: What does each Shia tariqah follow?, answer: its own particular Imam's dynasty | question: What is the literal meaning of tariqah?, answer: path | question: What is it called when the last Imam or his unborn successor goes into concealment?, answer: The Occultation

Within a few months of John's return, rebel barons in the north and east of England were organising resistance to his rule. John held a council in London in January 1215 to discuss potential reforms and sponsored discussions in Oxford between his agents and the rebels during the spring. John appears to have been playing for time until Pope Innocent III could send letters giving him explicit papal support. This was particularly important for John, as a way of pressuring the barons but also as a way of controlling Stephen Langton, the Archbishop of Canterbury. In the meantime, John began to recruit fresh mercenary forces from Poitou, although some were later sent back to avoid giving the impression that the king was escalating the conflict. John announced his intent to become a crusader, a move which gave him additional political protection under church law.

question: Where did John hold a council in January 1215?, answer: London | question: Where did John recruit mercenary forces from?, answer: Poitou | question: John announced his intent to become what?, answer: a crusader

Within a population, it is common for different ages and/or sexes to have different patterns of timing and distance. Female chaffinches Fringilla coelebs in Eastern Fennoscandia migrate earlier in the autumn than males do.

question: Which sex of the chaffinches Fringilla coelebs migrate earlier?, answer: Female | question: Where are chaffinches Fringilla coelebs from?, answer: Eastern Fennoscandia | question: When do the chaffinches Fringilla coelebs migrate?, answer: autumn

Within a species not all populations may be migratory; this is known as "partial migration". Partial migration is very common in the southern continents; in Australia, 44% of non-passerine birds and 32% of passerine species are partially migratory. In some species, the population at higher latitudes tends to be migratory and will often winter at lower latitude. The migrating birds bypass the latitudes where other populations may be sedentary, where suitable wintering habitats may already be occupied. This is an example of leap-frog migration. Many fully migratory species show leap-frog migration (birds that nest at higher latitudes spend the winter at lower latitudes), and many show the alternative, chain migration, where populations 'slide' more evenly north and south without reversing order.

question: What is partial migration?, answer: not all populations may be migratory | question: Where is partial migration most common?, answer: the southern continents | question: In Australia, what percent of non-passerine birds are partially migratory?, answer: 44% | question: In Australia, what percent of passerine species are partially migratory?, answer: 32% | question: What is leap frog migration?, answer: birds that nest at higher latitudes spend the winter at lower latitudes

Within computer systems, two of many security models capable of enforcing privilege separation are access control lists (ACLs) and capability-based security. Using ACLs to confine programs has been proven to be insecure in many situations, such as if the host computer can be tricked into indirectly allowing restricted file access, an issue known as the confused deputy problem. It has also been shown that the promise of ACLs of giving access to an object to only one person can never be guaranteed in practice. Both of these problems are resolved by capabilities. This does not mean practical flaws exist in all ACL-based systems, but only that the designers of certain utilities must take responsibility to ensure that they do not introduce flaws.[citation needed]

question: What does ACL stand for?, answer: access control lists | question: ACLs and capability based security are two security models capable of what?, answer: enforcing privilege separation | question: A host computer tricked into indirectly allowing access to restricted files is known as what?, answer: the confused deputy problem | question: What must designers of systems that are ACL based do?, answer: take responsibility to ensure that they do not introduce flaws | question: The confused deputy problem and the problem of not guaranteeing only one person has access are resolved by what?, answer: capabilities

Within each province are communities (hamaynkner, singular hamaynk). Each community is self-governing and consists of one or more settlements (bnakavayrer, singular bnakavayr). Settlements are classified as either towns (kaghakner, singular kaghak) or villages (gyugher, singular gyugh). As of 2007[update], Armenia includes 915 communities, of which 49 are considered urban and 866 are considered rural. The capital, Yerevan, also has the status of a community. Additionally, Yerevan is divided into twelve semi-autonomous districts.

question: How many hamaynkner does Armenia have?, answer: 915 | question: How many districts does Yerevan have?, answer: twelve | question: Does Armenia have more rural or uban hamaynker?, answer: rural | question: What is the Armenian term for settlment?, answer: bnakavayr

Within hours of the UK and France declaring war on Germany on 3 September 1939, the RAF bombed German warships along the German coast at Wilhelmshaven. Thereafter bombing operations were against ports and shipping and propaganda leaflet drops. Operations were planned to minimize civilian casualties. From 15 May 1940 – the day after the Luftwaffe destroyed the centre of Rotterdam – the RAF also carried out operations east of the Rhine, attacking industrial and transportation targets. Operations were carried out every night thereafter.

question: Which two countries declared war on Germany on September 3 1939?, answer: UK and France | question: The RAF bombed what Germany coast?, answer: Wilhelmshaven | question: What kind of leaflets were dropped?, answer: propaganda | question: What were the RAF operations trying to lessen?, answer: civilian casualties | question: What year did the Luftwaffe destroy Rotterdam center?, answer: 1940

Within months of beginning his tenure as the president of the university, Eisenhower was requested to advise U.S. Secretary of Defense James Forrestal on the unification of the armed services. About six months after his appointment, he became the informal Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff in Washington. Two months later he fell ill, and he spent over a month in recovery at the Augusta National Golf Club. He returned to his post in New York in mid-May, and in July 1949 took a two-month vacation out-of-state. Because the American Assembly had begun to take shape, he traveled around the country during mid-to-late 1950, building financial support from Columbia Associates, an alumni association.

question: What position was held by James Forrestal?, answer: Secretary of Defense | question: What position did Eisenhower informally hold?, answer: Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff | question: After becoming sick, where did Eisenhower recover?, answer: Augusta National Golf Club | question: What was the name of Columbia University's alumni association?, answer: Columbia Associates | question: When did Eisenhower vacation for two months outside New York?, answer: July 1949

Within six years of the official criminalization of heresy by the Emperor, the first Christian heretic to be executed, Priscillian, was condemned in 386 by Roman secular officials for sorcery, and put to death with four or five followers. However, his accusers were excommunicated both by Ambrose of Milan and Pope Siricius, who opposed Priscillian's heresy, but "believed capital punishment to be inappropriate at best and usually unequivocally evil". For some years after the Reformation, Protestant churches were also known to execute those they considered heretics, including Catholics. The last known heretic executed by sentence of the Roman Catholic Church was Spanish schoolmaster Cayetano Ripoll in 1826. The number of people executed as heretics under the authority of the various "ecclesiastical authorities"[note 1] is not known.[note 2] One of the first examples of the word as translated from the Nag Hammadi's Apocalypse of Peter was" they will cleave to the name of a dead man thinking that they will become pure. But they will become greatly defiled and they will fall into the name of error and into the hands of an evil cunning man and a manifold dogma, and they will be ruled heretically".

question: Who was the first Christian individual to be sentenced to death by the church for heresy in Rome?, answer: Priscillian | question: What happened to the people that sentenced Priscillian to death?, answer: excommunicated | question: What religion is an example of Protestants killing for conviction of heresy after the Reformation?, answer: Catholics | question: Who was the last known person to be sentenced to death for the crime of heresy by the Roman Catholic Church?, answer: Cayetano Ripoll | question: From what passage is cited as being one of the first known examples of using the word heresy?, answer: Nag Hammadi's Apocalypse of Peter

Within the Army, British officers who initially trained at the company's own academy at the Addiscombe Military Seminary, always outranked Indians, no matter how long their service. The highest rank to which an Indian soldier could aspire was Subadar-Major (or Rissaldar-Major in cavalry units), effectively a senior subaltern equivalent. Promotion for both British and Indian soldiers was strictly by seniority, so Indian soldiers rarely reached the commissioned ranks of Jamadar or Subadar before they were middle aged at best. They received no training in administration or leadership to make them independent of their British officers.

question: What was the name of EIC military company?, answer: Addiscombe Military Seminary | question: what was the highest rank an Indian could be in the EIC army, answer: Subadar-Major | question: While in EIC army the British officer outrank the indian officer they both promoted based on?, answer: seniority

Within the City of Westminster in London the entertainment district of the West End has its focus around Leicester Square, where London and world film premieres are held, and Piccadilly Circus, with its giant electronic advertisements. London's theatre district is here, as are many cinemas, bars, clubs and restaurants, including the city's Chinatown district (in Soho), and just to the east is Covent Garden, an area housing speciality shops. The city is the home of Andrew Lloyd Webber, whose musicals have dominated the West End theatre since the late 20th century. The United Kingdom's Royal Ballet, English National Ballet, Royal Opera and English National Opera are based in London and perform at the Royal Opera House, the London Coliseum, Sadler's Wells Theatre and the Royal Albert Hall as well as touring the country.

question: What is the entertainment center of London known as?, answer: the West End | question: What is a prominent feature of Picadilly Circus?, answer: giant electronic advertisements | question: London's Chinatown district is located in what area?, answer: Soho | question: Where is London's West End located geographically?, answer: the City of Westminster | question: What prolific composer and producer of musicals has been a major force in the West End theater district?, answer: Andrew Lloyd Webber

Within the Indo-European language tree, Dutch is grouped within the Germanic languages, which means it shares a common ancestor with languages such as English, German, and Scandinavian languages. All Germanic languages are united by subjection to the sound shifts of Grimm's law and Verner's law which originated in the Proto-Germanic language and define the basic differentiating features from other Indo-European languages. This assumed to have originated in approximately the mid-first millennium BCE in Iron Age northern Europe.

question: Which language tree groups Dutch with English?, answer: Indo-European | question: What group of languages have to comply with Grimm's law?, answer: Germanic | question: In what age did the sound patterns that distinguish Germanic languages develop?, answer: Iron Age | question: Along with Grimm's law, what's the other rule for Germanic-sounding speech called?, answer: Verner's law | question: What does a language need to share with the group in order to be classified as Germanic?, answer: common ancestor

Within the Luftwaffe, there was a more muted view of strategic bombing. The OKL did not oppose the strategic bombardment of enemy industries and or cities, and believed it could greatly affect the balance of power on the battlefield in Germany's favour by disrupting production and damaging civilian morale, but they did not believe that air power alone could be decisive. Contrary to popular belief, the Luftwaffe did not have a systematic policy of what became known as "terror bombing". Evidence suggests that the Luftwaffe did not adopt an official bombing policy in which civilians became the primary target until 1942.

question: Who believe air power alone would not be decisive?, answer: Luftwaffe | question: What was the name of the Luftwaffe's bombing raids?, answer: terror bombing | question: What year did the terror bombing policy become official?, answer: 1942

Within the city of Detroit, there are over a dozen major hospitals which include the Detroit Medical Center (DMC), Henry Ford Health System, St. John Health System, and the John D. Dingell VA Medical Center. The DMC, a regional Level I trauma center, consists of Detroit Receiving Hospital and University Health Center, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Harper University Hospital, Hutzel Women's Hospital, Kresge Eye Institute, Rehabilitation Institute of Michigan, Sinai-Grace Hospital, and the Karmanos Cancer Institute. The DMC has more than 2,000 licensed beds and 3,000 affiliated physicians. It is the largest private employer in the City of Detroit. The center is staffed by physicians from the Wayne State University School of Medicine, the largest single-campus medical school in the United States, and the United States' fourth largest medical school overall.

question: How many major hospitals are in Detroit?, answer: over a dozen | question: What is the Detroit VA hospital called?, answer: John D. Dingell | question: How many affiliated physicians does the DMC have?, answer: 3,000 | question: How many beds does the DMC have?, answer: 2,000 | question: Who is the largest private employer in Detroit?, answer: DMC

Within the city there have been two tram networks in operation. A proposal to develop a horse-drawn tram (linking the city's railway termini) was made by American George Francis Train in the 1860s, and implemented in 1872 by the Cork Tramway Company. However, the company ceased trading in 1875 after Cork Corporation refused permission to extend the line, mainly because of objections from cab operators to the type of tracks which – although they were laid to the Irish national railway gauge of 5 ft 3in – protruded from the road surface.[citation needed]

question: How many tram systems were in Cork?, answer: two | question: Who wanted to develop a horse drawn tram system?, answer: George Francis Train | question: When did the Cork Tramway Company start a horse driven tram system?, answer: 1872 | question: Why did the Cork Tramway Company stop operations?, answer: Cork Corporation refused permission to extend the line | question: Why did the cab operators not like the tracks?, answer: protruded from the road surface

Within the context of the overall murder rate, the death penalty cannot be said to be widely or routinely used in the United States; in recent years the average has been about one execution for about every 700 murders committed, or 1 execution for about every 325 murder convictions. However, 32 of the 50 states still execute people. Among them, Alabama has the highest per capita rate of death sentences. This is due to judges overriding life imprisonment sentences and imposing the death penalty. No other states allow this.

question: In the United States, how many murders are there for each execution?, answer: 700 | question: How many murder convictions occur in the US per execution?, answer: 325 | question: How many states in the US have the death penalty?, answer: 32 | question: What state has the highest rate of death sentences per person?, answer: Alabama | question: What does Alabama law allow judges to do that isn't allowed in other states?, answer: overriding life imprisonment sentences and imposing the death penalty

Within the diasporan Armenian community, there is an unofficial classification of the different kinds of Armenians. For example, Armenians who originate from Iran are referred to as Parskahay (Պարսկահայ), while Armenians from Lebanon are usually referred to as Lipananahay (Լիբանանահայ). Armenians of the Diaspora are the primary speakers of the Western dialect of the Armenian language. This dialect has considerable differences with Eastern Armenian, but speakers of either of the two variations can usually understand each other. Eastern Armenian in the diaspora is primarily spoken in Iran and European countries such as Ukraine, Russia, and Georgia (where they form a majority in the Samtskhe-Javakheti province). In diverse communities (such as in Canada and the U.S.) where many different kinds of Armenians live together, there is a tendency for the different groups to cluster together.

question: What are Parskahay?, answer: Armenians who originate from Iran | question: What are Lipananahay?, answer: Armenians from Lebanon | question: What dialect do most Diaspora Armenians speak?, answer: Western | question: How similar is Western Armenian to Eastern Armenian dialect?, answer: considerable differences with Eastern Armenian, but speakers of either of the two variations can usually understand each other | question: What type of Armenian is spoken by Armenians in Iran and Russia?, answer: Eastern

Within the past ten years, the amount of social networking sites available to the public has greatly increased as well as the number of adolescents using them. Several sources report a high proportion of adolescents who use social media: 73% of 12–17 year olds reported having at least one social networking profile; two-thirds (68%) of teens text every day, half (51%) visit social networking sites daily, and 11% send or receive tweets at least once every day. In fact, more than a third (34%) of teens visit their main social networking site several times a day. One in four (23%) teens are "heavy" social media users, meaning they use at least two different types of social media each and every day.

question: In recent years, has the amount of social networking sites available to the public increased or decreased?, answer: greatly increased | question: What percentage of teens say they text every day?, answer: 68% | question: What percentage of 12-17 year olds claim to have at least one social networking profile?, answer: 73% | question: What percentage of teens report visiting social netorking sites daily?, answer: 51% | question: What ratio of teens are "heavy" social media users, using two types of media daily?, answer: One in four (23%)

Within the world's Jewish population there are distinct ethnic divisions, most of which are primarily the result of geographic branching from an originating Israelite population, and subsequent independent evolutions. An array of Jewish communities was established by Jewish settlers in various places around the Old World, often at great distances from one another, resulting in effective and often long-term isolation. During the millennia of the Jewish diaspora the communities would develop under the influence of their local environments: political, cultural, natural, and populational. Today, manifestations of these differences among the Jews can be observed in Jewish cultural expressions of each community, including Jewish linguistic diversity, culinary preferences, liturgical practices, religious interpretations, as well as degrees and sources of genetic admixture.

question: What resulted in effective and long-term isolation of Jewish communities?, answer: An array of Jewish communities was established by Jewish settlers in various places around the Old World, often at great distances from one another | question: Name one way Jewish cultural expressions differ in each community?, answer: religious interpretations | question: Name another way Jewish cultural expressions differ in each community?, answer: culinary preferences

Witnesses believe that a "little flock" go to heaven, but that the hope for life after death for the majority of "other sheep" involves being resurrected by God to a cleansed earth after Armageddon. They interpret Revelation 14:1–5 to mean that the number of Christians going to heaven is limited to exactly 144,000, who will rule with Jesus as kings and priests over earth. Jehovah's Witnesses teach that only they meet scriptural requirements for surviving Armageddon, but that God is the final judge. During Christ's millennial reign, most people who died prior to Armageddon will be resurrected with the prospect of living forever; they will be taught the proper way to worship God to prepare them for their final test at the end of the millennium.

question: Jehovah Witnesses believe who will go to heaven?, answer: a "little flock" | question: Where will God resurrected the "other sheep" after Armageddon?, answer: a cleansed earth | question: Jehovah Witnesses interrupted Revelation 14:1-5 to limit heaven goers to exactly what number?, answer: 144,000 | question: Who is the final Judge of whether Jehovah Witnesses get to survive Armageddon?, answer: God | question: What will people need to study for during Christ's millennial reign?, answer: their final test at the end of the millennium

Women could not be professed to the Dominican religious life before the age of thirteen. The formula for profession contained in the Constitutions of Montargis Priory (1250) demands that nuns pledge obedience to God, the Blessed Virgin, their prioress and her successors according to the Rule of St. Augustine and the institute of the order, until death. The clothing of the sisters consisted of a white tunic and scapular, a leather belt, a black mantle, and a black veil. Candidates to profession were tested to reveal whether they were actually married women who had merely separated from their husbands. Their intellectual abilities were also tested. Nuns were to be silent in places of prayer, the cloister, the dormitory, and refectory. Silence was maintained unless the prioress granted an exception for a specific cause. Speaking was allowed in the common parlor, but it was subordinate to strict rules, and the prioress, subprioress or other senior nun had to be present.

question: After what age could women become members of the Dominican Order?, answer: thirteen | question: What type of veil must the sisters wear?, answer: black | question: The formula for profession into the Dominican Order is presented in what text?, answer: the Constitutions of Montargis Priory | question: What were the nuns allowed to minimally do?, answer: Speak | question: What were the nuns tested on?, answer: intellectual abilities

Women in the Middle Ages were officially required to be subordinate to some male, whether their father, husband, or other kinsman. Widows, who were often allowed much control over their own lives, were still restricted legally. Women's work generally consisted of household or other domestically inclined tasks. Peasant women were usually responsible for taking care of the household, child-care, as well as gardening and animal husbandry near the house. They could supplement the household income by spinning or brewing at home. At harvest-time, they were also expected to help with field-work. Townswomen, like peasant women, were responsible for the household, and could also engage in trade. What trades were open to women varied by country and period. Noblewomen were responsible for running a household, and could occasionally be expected to handle estates in the absence of male relatives, but they were usually restricted from participation in military or government affairs. The only role open to women in the Church was that of nuns, as they were unable to become priests.

question: Along with gardening, animal husbandry and child-care, what work did medieval peasant women do?, answer: taking care of the household | question: Along with spinning, what income-producing work did peasant women engage in?, answer: brewing | question: What did peasant women do when it was time for the harvest?, answer: help with field-work | question: What role did women fill in the Church?, answer: nuns

Women were expected to obey the will of their father, then their husband, and then their adult son in old age. However, it is known from contemporary sources that there were many deviations to this rule, especially in regard to mothers over their sons, and empresses who ordered around and openly humiliated their fathers and brothers. Women were exempt from the annual corvée labor duties, but often engaged in a range of income-earning occupations aside from their domestic chores of cooking and cleaning.

question: Which gender was exempt from performing the yearly corvee labor duties?, answer: Women | question: What emotional state would empresses commonly place their immediate family members in?, answer: openly humiliated | question: What type of occupation did women commonly take part in?, answer: income-earning | question: Who were women obligated to obey in their old age?, answer: their adult son | question: Which parental figures often avoided the common familial rules?, answer: mothers

Wood density is determined by multiple growth and physiological factors compounded into “one fairly easily measured wood characteristic” (Elliott 1970).

question: Along with growth, what kind of factors determine the density of wood?, answer: physiological | question: Into how many characteristics are the factors of wood combined?, answer: one | question: What author called wood's density "fairly easily measured"?, answer: Elliott

Wood has a long history of being used as fuel, which continues to this day, mostly in rural areas of the world. Hardwood is preferred over softwood because it creates less smoke and burns longer. Adding a woodstove or fireplace to a home is often felt to add ambiance and warmth.

question: What type of wood is preferred as fuel?, answer: Hardwood | question: What type of wood burns quickly and makes more smoke than hardwood?, answer: softwood | question: What type of areas use more wood for fuel?, answer: rural | question: What benefit besides the cozy atmosphere would a wood-burning fireplace add to a home?, answer: warmth

Wood has always been used extensively for furniture, such as chairs and beds. It is also used for tool handles and cutlery, such as chopsticks, toothpicks, and other utensils, like the wooden spoon.

question: What category of products usually made from wood includes chairs?, answer: furniture | question: What wooden utensil could you stir a pot of soup with?, answer: wooden spoon | question: Which parts of tools are sometimes made out of wood?, answer: handles | question: What pieces of furniture that most people use every night can be made out of wood?, answer: beds | question: What special wooden utensils do many people use to eat Chinese takeout?, answer: chopsticks

Wood has been an important construction material since humans began building shelters, houses and boats. Nearly all boats were made out of wood until the late 19th century, and wood remains in common use today in boat construction. Elm in particular was used for this purpose as it resisted decay as long as it was kept wet (it also served for water pipe before the advent of more modern plumbing).

question: What wood is decay-resistant when wet?, answer: Elm | question: What plumbing component was once made out of elm?, answer: water pipe | question: Until the late 19th century, what vessels were almost always wooden?, answer: boats | question: What significant purpose has wood been used for as long as humans have built shelters?, answer: construction material | question: Other than boats, what do people often build with wood?, answer: houses

Wood has long been used as an artistic medium. It has been used to make sculptures and carvings for millennia. Examples include the totem poles carved by North American indigenous people from conifer trunks, often Western Red Cedar (Thuja plicata), and the Millennium clock tower, now housed in the National Museum of Scotland in Edinburgh. It is also used in woodcut printmaking, and for engraving.

question: Along with sculptures, what type of art have people been making out of wood for centuries?, answer: carvings | question: What did indigenous people in North America make out of the trunks of conifers?, answer: totem poles | question: What type of tree was often used for totem poles?, answer: Western Red Cedar | question: What city in Scotland would you visit to see the Millennium clock tower?, answer: Edinburgh | question: What museum exhibits the Millennium clock tower?, answer: National Museum of Scotland

Wood is a heterogeneous, hygroscopic, cellular and anisotropic material. It consists of cells, and the cell walls are composed of micro-fibrils of cellulose (40% – 50%) and hemicellulose (15% – 25%) impregnated with lignin (15% – 30%).

question: Along with hygroscopic, cellular, and anisotropic, how is the material of wood described?, answer: heterogeneous | question: What does wood consist of?, answer: cells | question: What part of wood's cells are composed of cellulose and hemicellulose?, answer: walls | question: What makes up 40-50% of the cell walls in wood?, answer: cellulose | question: What substance is hemicellulose impregnated with?, answer: lignin

Wood to be used for construction work is commonly known as lumber in North America. Elsewhere, lumber usually refers to felled trees, and the word for sawn planks ready for use is timber. In Medieval Europe oak was the wood of choice for all wood construction, including beams, walls, doors, and floors. Today a wider variety of woods is used: solid wood doors are often made from poplar, small-knotted pine, and Douglas fir.

question: What term is used in North America for wood used in construction?, answer: lumber | question: Outside of North America, if someone said "lumber," to what would they be referring?, answer: felled trees | question: What do people outside of North America call the sawn boards used for building?, answer: timber | question: What was the preferred wood for construction in Medieval Europe?, answer: oak | question: For modern solid wood doors, what wood is often used in addition to small-knotted pine or poplar?, answer: Douglas fir

Wood unsuitable for construction in its native form may be broken down mechanically (into fibers or chips) or chemically (into cellulose) and used as a raw material for other building materials, such as engineered wood, as well as chipboard, hardboard, and medium-density fiberboard (MDF). Such wood derivatives are widely used: wood fibers are an important component of most paper, and cellulose is used as a component of some synthetic materials. Wood derivatives can also be used for kinds of flooring, for example laminate flooring.

question: What material results from chemically breaking down wood?, answer: cellulose | question: What's the abbreviation for medium-density fiberboard?, answer: MDF | question: How is wood broken down into chips and fibers?, answer: mechanically | question: What type of flooring can be made from wood derivatives?, answer: laminate | question: What widely-used product is almost always made of wood fibers?, answer: paper

Wood, in the strict sense, is yielded by trees, which increase in diameter by the formation, between the existing wood and the inner bark, of new woody layers which envelop the entire stem, living branches, and roots. This process is known as secondary growth; it is the result of cell division in the vascular cambium, a lateral meristem, and subsequent expansion of the new cells. Where there are clear seasons, growth can occur in a discrete annual or seasonal pattern, leading to growth rings; these can usually be most clearly seen on the end of a log, but are also visible on the other surfaces. If these seasons are annual these growth rings are referred to as annual rings. Where there is no seasonal difference growth rings are likely to be indistinct or absent.

question: Where does wood come from?, answer: trees | question: What forms in a tree to increase its diameter?, answer: woody layers | question: What is the process of trees growing out to get bigger around called?, answer: secondary growth | question: What do many places have four of that would cause growth rings in a tree?, answer: seasons | question: If a place has annual seasons, what are the growth rings on the trees there called?, answer: annual rings

Work is undertaken from an early age by vast numbers of children in the world and may have a natural place in growing up. Work can contribute to the well-being of children in a variety of ways; children often choose to work to improve their lives, both in the short- and long-term. At the material level, children’s work often contributes to producing food or earning income that benefits themselves and their families; and such income is especially important when the families are poor. Work can provide an escape from debilitating poverty, sometimes by allowing a young person to move away from an impoverished environment. Young people often enjoy their work, especially paid work, or when work involves the company of peers. Even when work is intensive and enforced, children often find ways to combine their work with play.

question: What is a natural process of child development?, answer: Work | question: What is an escape for the young that live in poverty?, answer: Work | question: What are children able to do during intense work situations?, answer: children often find ways to combine their work with play

Working closely in conjunction with the definition of the Near East provided by the State Department is the Near East South Asia Center for Strategic Studies (NESA), an educational institution of the United States Department of Defense. It teaches courses and holds seminars and workshops for government officials and military officers who will work or are working within its region. As the name indicates, that region is a combination of State Department regions; however, NESA is careful to identify the State Department region. As its Near East is not different from the State Department's it does not appear in the table. Its name, however, is not entirely accurate. For example, its region includes Mauritania, a member of the State Department's Africa (Sub-Sahara).

question: Who works closely with the definition of the Near East?, answer: the Near East South Asia Center for Strategic Studies (NESA) | question: What is NESA?, answer: an educational institution of the United States Department of Defense | question: What does NESA Teach?, answer: It teaches courses and holds seminars and workshops

Working with photographer Steven Klein, Madonna completed a 17-minute film called secretprojectrevolution. The BitTorrent company was selected by Madonna to release the film as part of a Madonna bundle. It was released on September 24, 2013, and consisted of the 17-minute film, its stills, a Vice interview, and a message from Madonna. With the film she launched the Art for Freedom initiative, which helped to promote "art and free speech as a means to address persecution and injustice across the globe". The website for the project has had over 3,000 art related submissions since its inception, with Madonna regularly monitoring and enlisting the help of other artists like David Blaine and Katy Perry as guest curators.

question: What was the name of the 17 minute film called?, answer: secretprojectrevolution | question: Which company was selected to release the film?, answer: The BitTorrent company | question: When was secretprojectrevolution released?, answer: September 24, 2013 | question: What initiative did Madonna launched with her film?, answer: Art for Freedom | question: How many submissions does the initiative have?, answer: over 3,000

Works of classical repertoire often exhibit complexity in their use of orchestration, counterpoint, harmony, musical development, rhythm, phrasing, texture, and form. Whereas most popular styles are usually written in song forms, classical music is noted for its development of highly sophisticated musical forms, like the concerto, symphony, sonata, and opera.

question: Works of classical repertoire exhibit what in their use of orchestration and harmony, and form?, answer: complexity | question: What is usually written in song forms?, answer: popular styles | question: The concerto, symphony, sonata and opera are examples of what type of musical forms?, answer: sophisticated

World Trade Center Montevideo officially opened in 1998, although work is still ongoing as of 2010[update]. The complex is composed of three towers, two three-story buildings called World Trade Center Plaza and World Trade Center Avenue and a large central square called Towers Square. World Trade Center 1 was the first building to be inaugurated, in 1998.[citation needed] It has 22 floors and 17,100 square metres of space. That same year the avenue and the auditorium were raised. World Trade Center 2 was inaugurated in 2002, a twin tower of World Trade Center 1. Finally, in 2009, World Trade Center 3 and the World Trade Center Plaza and the Towers Square were inaugurated. It is located between the avenues Luis Alberto de Herrera and 26 de Marzo and has 19 floors and 27,000 square metres (290,000 sq ft) of space. The 6,300-square-metre (68,000 sq ft)[citation needed] World Trade Center Plaza is designed to be a centre of gastronomy opposite Towers Square and Bonavita St. Among the establishments on the plaza are Burger King, Walrus, Bamboo, Asia de Cuba, Gardenia Mvd, and La Claraboya Cafe.

question: When did World Trade Center Montevideo officially open?, answer: 1998 | question: What was the first building to be inaugurated?, answer: World Trade Center 1 | question: When was World Trade Center 2 inaugurated?, answer: 2002 | question: When was World Trade Center 3 inaugurated?, answer: 2009

World War I demonstrated that aircraft could be an important part of the battlefield, but in some nations it was the prospect of strategic air attack that was the main issue, presenting both a threat and an opportunity. The experience of four years of air attacks on London by Zeppelins and Gotha G.V bombers had particularly influenced the British and was one of if not the main driver for forming an independent air force. As the capabilities of aircraft and their engines improved it was clear that their role in future war would be even more critical as their range and weapon load grew. However, in the years immediately after World War I the prospect of another major war seemed remote, particularly in Europe where the most militarily capable nations were, and little financing was available.

question: What showed that aircraft could be a significant contribution to the battlefield?, answer: World War I | question: In addition to Zeppelins, what attacked London for four years with air attacks?, answer: Gotha G.V bombers | question: The four year air attack was instrumental in Britain forming what?, answer: an independent air force | question: The future of aircraft in war situations was important because of the growth in what two areas?, answer: their range and weapon load | question: Where were most of the nations who had the strongest military after World War I?, answer: Europe

World War I was a watershed event in human history, changing views of governments and politics. The Russian Revolution of 1917 (and similar, albeit less successful, revolutions in many other European countries) brought communism - and in particular the political theory of Leninism, but also on a smaller level Luxemburgism (gradually) - on the world stage. At the same time, social democratic parties won elections and formed governments for the first time, often as a result of the introduction of universal suffrage. However, a group of central European economists led by Austrian School economists Ludwig von Mises and Friedrich Hayek identified the collectivist underpinnings to the various new socialist and fascist doctrines of government power as being different brands of political totalitarianism.

question: What was a watershed event in human history?, answer: World War I | question: When was The Russian Revolution?, answer: 1917 | question: What brought communism?, answer: The Russian Revolution of 1917 | question: What did Ludwig Von Mises and Friedrich Hayek run?, answer: a group of central European economists

World War II (1939-1945) devastated the country's economy, but the high levels of economic growth that followed from 1950 to 1980 have been called the Greek economic miracle. From 2000 Greece saw high levels of GDP growth above the Eurozone average, peaking at 5.8% in 2003 and 5.7% in 2006. The subsequent Great Recession and Greek government-debt crisis, a central focus of the wider European debt crisis, plunged the economy into a sharp downturn, with real GDP growth rates of −0.3% in 2008, −4.3% in 2009, −5.5% in 2010, −9.1% in 2011, −7.3% in 2012 and −3.2% in 2013. In 2011, the country's public debt reached €356 billion (172% of nominal GDP). After negotiating the biggest debt restructuring in history with the private sector, Greece reduced its sovereign debt burden to €280 billion (137% of GDP) in the first quarter of 2012. Greece achieved a real GDP growth rate of 0.7% in 2014 after 6 years of economic decline, but fell back into recession in 2015.

question: What years of economic growth was called Greece's economic miracle?, answer: 1950 to 1980 | question: From what year was Greece's levels of GDP growth above the Eurozone average?, answer: 2000 | question: What was the GDP growth rate of Greece in 2013?, answer: −3.2% | question: How much public debt did Greece have in 2011?, answer: €356 billion | question: What year did Greece fall back into recession?, answer: 2015

World War II holds a special place in the American psyche as the country's greatest triumph, and the U.S. military personnel of World War II are frequently referred to as "the Greatest Generation." Over 16 million served (about 11% of the population), and over 400,000 died during the war. The U.S. emerged as one of the two undisputed superpowers along with the Soviet Union, and unlike the Soviet Union, the U.S. homeland was virtually untouched by the ravages of war. During and following World War II, the United States and Britain developed an increasingly strong defense and intelligence relationship. Manifestations of this include extensive basing of U.S. forces in the UK, shared intelligence, shared military technology (e.g. nuclear technology), and shared procurement.

question: How many Americans served in the military in World War II?, answer: Over 16 million | question: How many American service personnel died in World War II?, answer: 400,000 | question: What other country besides the United States became a super power after World War II?, answer: the Soviet Union | question: What name is given to those Americans who served in World War II?, answer: the Greatest Generation | question: Both during and after the conclusion of World War II, the United States formed a firm alliance with what country?, answer: Britain

World literature was enriched by the works of Edmund Spenser, John Milton, John Bunyan, John Donne, John Dryden, Daniel Defoe, William Wordsworth, Jonathan Swift, Johann Wolfgang Goethe, Friedrich Schiller, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Edgar Allan Poe, Matthew Arnold, Conrad Ferdinand Meyer, Theodor Fontane, Washington Irving, Robert Browning, Emily Dickinson, Emily Brontë, Charles Dickens, Nathaniel Hawthorne, Thomas Stearns Eliot, John Galsworthy, Thomas Mann, William Faulkner, John Updike, and many others.

question: What did John Milton do for world literature?, answer: enrich | question: Samuel Taylor is listed as enriching what?, answer: World literature | question: What women writers were listed as contributors to world literature?, answer: Emily Dickinson, Emily Brontë | question: Edgar Allen Poe added value to literature in what area?, answer: World

World production of duck meat was about 4.2 million tonnes in 2011 with China producing two thirds of the total, some 1.7 billion birds. Other notable duck-producing countries in the Far East include Vietnam, Thailand, Malaysia, Myanmar, Indonesia and South Korea (12% in total). France (3.5%) is the largest producer in the West, followed by other EU nations (3%) and North America (1.7%). China was also by far the largest producer of goose and guinea fowl meat, with a 94% share of the 2.6 million tonne global market.

question: How many ducks did China produce for consumption in 2011?, answer: China producing two thirds of the total, some 1.7 billion birds | question: What other countries are important to the duck husbandry business?, answer: Vietnam, Thailand, Malaysia, Myanmar, Indonesia and South Korea (12% in total) | question: Who is the largest producer of duck meat among the western nations?, answer: France (3.5%) is the largest producer in the West, | question: What is the market percentage held by the country that controls the biggest share of the global market for goose and guinea fowl meat, answer: 94% share

World-renowned (and city-born) architect Santiago Calatrava produced the futuristic City of Arts and Sciences (Ciutat de les Arts i les Ciències), which contains an opera house/performing arts centre, a science museum, an IMAX cinema/planetarium, an oceanographic park and other structures such as a long covered walkway and restaurants. Calatrava is also responsible for the bridge named after him in the centre of the city. The Music Palace (Palau De La Música) is another noteworthy example of modern architecture in Valencia.

question: Who designed the City of Arts and Sciences?, answer: Santiago Calatrava | question: Where is the bridge named for Calatrava located?, answer: centre of the city | question: What type of architecture does the Music Palace have?, answer: modern | question: Which of Calatrava's creations contains an IMAX theater?, answer: City of Arts and Sciences

Worldwide consumption of paper has risen by 400% in the past 40 years leading to increase in deforestation, with 35% of harvested trees being used for paper manufacture. Most paper companies also plant trees to help regrow forests. Logging of old growth forests accounts for less than 10% of wood pulp, but is one of the most controversial issues.

question: In the last 40 years, how much has worldwide paper consumption risen?, answer: 400% | question: What percentage of harvested trees are used in the manufacturing of paper?, answer: 35% | question: What do many paper companies do to ensure the health of forests?, answer: plant trees | question: What percentage of wood pulp comes from old-growth trees?, answer: 10%

Worldwide prosperity changed dramatically with the onset of the Great Depression in 1929. The Wall Street Crash of 1929 served to punctuate the end of the previous era, as The Great Depression set in. The Great Depression was a worldwide economic downturn starting in most places in 1929 and ending at different times in the 1930s or early 1940s for different countries. It was the largest and most important economic depression in the 20th century, and is used in the 21st century as an example of how far the world's economy can fall.

question: What changed worldwide property drasrically?, answer: the onset of the Great Depression | question: In what year did The wall Street crash occur?, answer: 1929 | question: When did the great Depression end?, answer: 1930s or early 1940s | question: What is the Great Depression?, answer: a worldwide economic downturn | question: The great depression is the worst economic downturn of what century?, answer: 20th century

Worldwide use of solar power and wind power continued to grow significantly in 2012. Solar electricity consumption increased by 58 percent, to 93 terawatt-hours (TWh). Use of wind power in 2012 increased by 18.1 percent, to 521.3 TWh. Global solar and wind energy installed capacities continued to expand even though new investments in these technologies declined during 2012. Worldwide investment in solar power in 2012 was $140.4 billion, an 11 percent decline from 2011, and wind power investment was down 10.1 percent, to $80.3 billion. But due to lower production costs for both technologies, total installed capacities grew sharply. This investment decline, but growth in installed capacity, may again occur in 2013. Analysts expect the market to triple by 2030. In 2015, investment in renewables exceeded fossils.

question: In 2012, solar electricity consumption increased by what percentage?, answer: 58 percent | question: Use of wind power in 2012 increased by what percentage?, answer: 18.1 percent | question: How much was the worldwide investment in solar power in 2012?, answer: $140.4 billion | question: Analysts expect the market to triple by what year?, answer: 2030 | question: In what year did investment in renewables exceed fossils?, answer: 2015

Worldwide, more chickens are kept than any other type of poultry, with over 50 billion birds being raised each year as a source of meat and eggs. Traditionally, such birds would have been kept extensively in small flocks, foraging during the day and housed at night. This is still the case in developing countries, where the women often make important contributions to family livelihoods through keeping poultry. However, rising world populations and urbanization have led to the bulk of production being in larger, more intensive specialist units. These are often situated close to where the feed is grown or near to where the meat is needed, and result in cheap, safe food being made available for urban communities. Profitability of production depends very much on the price of feed, which has been rising. High feed costs could limit further development of poultry production.

question: What is the most popular type of poulty that is farmed?, answer: Worldwide, more chickens are kept than any other type of poultry | question: How many birds are routinely raised in the world for the consumption process?, answer: 50 billion birds being raised each year as a source of meat and eggs. | question: How is the cost of the price for animal feed related to the poulty cost for consumers?, answer: High feed costs could limit further development of poultry production | question: Before industrialization how were chickens normally cared for?, answer: birds would have been kept extensively in small flocks, foraging during the day and housed at night. | question: What is the major significance of chickens to women in underdeveloped countries?, answer: the women often make important contributions to family livelihoods through keeping poultry

Wound colonization refers to nonreplicating microorganisms within the wound, while in infected wounds, replicating organisms exist and tissue is injured. All multicellular organisms are colonized to some degree by extrinsic organisms, and the vast majority of these exist in either a mutualistic or commensal relationship with the host. An example of the former is the anaerobic bacteria species, which colonizes the mammalian colon, and an example of the latter is various species of staphylococcus that exist on human skin. Neither of these colonizations are considered infections. The difference between an infection and a colonization is often only a matter of circumstance. Non-pathogenic organisms can become pathogenic given specific conditions, and even the most virulent organism requires certain circumstances to cause a compromising infection. Some colonizing bacteria, such as Corynebacteria sp. and viridans streptococci, prevent the adhesion and colonization of pathogenic bacteria and thus have a symbiotic relationship with the host, preventing infection and speeding wound healing.

question: What does wound colonization refer to?, answer: nonreplicating microorganisms within the wound | question: What type of organisms exist and injure tissue in infected wounds?, answer: replicating | question: What are all multcellular organisms colonized to some degree by?, answer: extrinsic organisms | question: What's the difference between an infection and a colonization?, answer: only a matter of circumstance | question: What species colonizes the mammalian colon?, answer: anaerobic bacteria

Wove paper does not exhibit "laidlines", which are small regular lines left behind on paper when it was handmade in a mould made from rows of metal wires or bamboo. Laidlines are very close together. They run perpendicular to the "chainlines", which are further apart. Handmade paper similarly exhibits "deckle edges", or rough and feathery borders.

question: What type of lines does wove paper not exhibit?, answer: Laidlines | question: What are small regular lines left on paper when handmade in a mould?, answer: Laidlines | question: What runs perpendicular to the laidlines?, answer: chainlines | question: Which is lines are commonly higher in density, laidlines or chainlines?, answer: Laidlines

Wright himself believed that values >0.25 represent very great genetic variation and that an FST of 0.15–0.25 represented great variation. However, about 5% of human variation occurs between populations within continents, therefore FST values between continental groups of humans (or races) of as low as 0.1 (or possibly lower) have been found in some studies, suggesting more moderate levels of genetic variation. Graves (1996) has countered that FST should not be used as a marker of subspecies status, as the statistic is used to measure the degree of differentiation between populations, although see also Wright (1978).

question: FST values greater than .25 represent very great what?, answer: genetic variation | question: About how much human variation occurs between continental populations?, answer: 5% | question: FST values as low as what amount have been found in some studies?, answer: 0.1 | question: What is the name of the person who thinks FST shouldn't be used as a marker of subspecies status?, answer: Graves | question: FST is used to measure the degree of differentiation between what?, answer: populations

Writing to a friend in May 1795, Burke surveyed the causes of discontent: "I think I can hardly overrate the malignity of the principles of Protestant ascendency, as they affect Ireland; or of Indianism [i.e. corporate tyranny, as practiced by the British East Indies Company], as they affect these countries, and as they affect Asia; or of Jacobinism, as they affect all Europe, and the state of human society itself. The last is the greatest evil". By March 1796, however Burke had changed his mind: "Our Government and our Laws are beset by two different Enemies, which are sapping its foundations, Indianism, and Jacobinism. In some Cases they act separately, in some they act in conjunction: But of this I am sure; that the first is the worst by far, and the hardest to deal with; and for this amongst other reasons, that it weakens discredits, and ruins that force, which ought to be employed with the greatest Credit and Energy against the other; and that it furnishes Jacobinism with its strongest arms against all formal Government".

question: Whose ascendancy did Burke think was malignant?, answer: Protestant | question: What did Burke call corporate tyranny in India?, answer: Indianism | question: Which continent did Jacobinism affect?, answer: Europe | question: When did Burke decide Indianism was the worst threat?, answer: March 1796 | question: What did Burke think was the worst threat in 1795?, answer: Jacobinism

Writings in Estonian became significant only in the 19th century with the spread of the ideas of the Age of Enlightenment, during the Estophile Enlightenment Period (1750–1840). Although Baltic Germans at large regarded the future of Estonians as being a fusion with themselves, the Estophile educated class admired the ancient culture of the Estonians and their era of freedom before the conquests by Danes and Germans in the 13th century.

question: What Age's ideas allowed Estonian writings to gain significance?, answer: Age of Enlightenment | question: Who thought their future would be fused with Estonians?, answer: Baltic Germans | question: Who had admiration for the ancient Estonian culture?, answer: Estophile educated class | question: Who conquered the ancient Estonians?, answer: Danes and Germans | question: When did the ancient Estonian era of freedom come to an end?, answer: 13th century

Written Japanese also includes a pair of syllabaries known as kana, derived by simplifying Chinese characters selected to represent syllables of Japanese. The syllabaries differ because they sometimes selected different characters for a syllable, and because they used different strategies to reduce these characters for easy writing: the angular katakana were obtained by selecting a part of each character, while hiragana were derived from the cursive forms of whole characters. Modern Japanese writing uses a composite system, using kanji for word stems, hiragana for inflexional endings and grammatical words, and katakana to transcribe non-Chinese loanwords as well as serve as a method to emphasize native words (similar to how italics are used in Romance languages).

question: What also includes a pair of syllabaries?, answer: Written Japanese | question: Why do the syllabaries differ?, answer: they sometimes selected different characters for a syllable | question: What uses a composite system?, answer: Modern Japanese writing

Wu Chinese has a three-way distinction in stops and affricates: /p pʰ b/. In addition to aspirated and unaspirated consonants, there is a series of muddy consonants, like /b/. These are pronounced with slack or breathy voice: that is, they are weakly voiced. Muddy consonants as initial cause a syllable to be pronounced with low pitch or light (陽 yáng) tone.

question: What has a three-way distinction in regards to stops and affricates?, answer: Wu Chinese | question: What is the actual distinction for Wu Chinese?, answer: /p pʰ b/ | question: What is /b/ representative of, in addition to aspirated and unaspirated consonants?, answer: Muddy consonants | question: What kind of voice are muddy consonants pronounced with?, answer: slack or breathy

XML databases are a type of structured document-oriented database that allows querying based on XML document attributes. XML databases are mostly used in enterprise database management, where XML is being used as the machine-to-machine data interoperability standard. XML database management systems include commercial software MarkLogic and Oracle Berkeley DB XML, and a free use software Clusterpoint Distributed XML/JSON Database. All are enterprise software database platforms and support industry standard ACID-compliant transaction processing with strong database consistency characteristics and high level of database security.

question: What kind of database is XML?, answer: structured document-oriented database | question: Where are XML databases frequently used?, answer: enterprise database management | question: What type of processing is used in enterprise database software?, answer: ACID-compliant transaction processing | question: How is XML used in enterprise database management?, answer: machine-to-machine data

Xalwo (halva) is a popular confection eaten during festive occasions, such as Eid celebrations or wedding receptions. It is made from sugar, corn starch, cardamom powder, nutmeg powder and ghee. Peanuts are also sometimes added to enhance texture and flavor. After meals, homes are traditionally perfumed using frankincense (lubaan) or incense (cuunsi), which is prepared inside an incense burner referred to as a dabqaad.

question: What is another term for xalwo?, answer: halva | question: Along with wedding receptions, when is xalwo often consumed?, answer: Eid celebrations | question: What do the Somalis call frankincense?, answer: lubaan | question: What is the English word for cunnsi?, answer: incense | question: What do the Somalis call incense burners?, answer: dabqaad

Xbox Live Arcade is an online service operated by Microsoft that is used to distribute downloadable video games to Xbox and Xbox 360 owners. In addition to classic arcade games such as Ms. Pac-Man, the service offers some new original games like Assault Heroes. The Xbox Live Arcade also features games from other consoles, such as the PlayStation game Castlevania: Symphony of the Night and PC games such as Zuma. The service was first launched on November 3, 2004, using a DVD to load, and offered games for about US$5 to $15. Items are purchased using Microsoft Points, a proprietary currency used to reduce credit card transaction charges. On November 22, 2005, Xbox Live Arcade was re-launched with the release of the Xbox 360, in which it was now integrated with the Xbox 360's dashboard. The games are generally aimed toward more casual gamers; examples of the more popular titles are Geometry Wars, Street Fighter II' Hyper Fighting, and Uno. On March 24, 2010, Microsoft introduced the Game Room to Xbox Live. Game Room is a gaming service for Xbox 360 and Microsoft Windows that lets players compete in classic arcade and console games in a virtual arcade.

question: What was a classic title originally offered by the Xbox Live Arcade?, answer: Ms. Pac-Man | question: What was a new, original title originally available from Arcade?, answer: Assault Heroes | question: What date did the Xbox Live Arcade launch on?, answer: November 3, 2004 | question: When was Arcade Live relaunched with 360 support?, answer: November 22, 2005 | question: What is the name of the online virtual arcade that launched in 2010?, answer: Game Room

Xbox Live Gold includes the same features as Free and includes integrated online game playing capabilities outside of third-party subscriptions. Microsoft has allowed previous Xbox Live subscribers to maintain their profile information, friends list, and games history when they make the transition to Xbox Live Gold. To transfer an Xbox Live account to the new system, users need to link a Windows Live ID to their gamertag on Xbox.com. When users add an Xbox Live enabled profile to their console, they are required to provide the console with their passport account information and the last four digits of their credit card number, which is used for verification purposes and billing. An Xbox Live Gold account has an annual cost of US$59.99, C$59.99, NZ$90.00, GB£39.99, or €59.99. As of January 5, 2011, Xbox Live has over 30 million subscribers.

question: What extra features do Xbox Live Gold members get?, answer: integrated online game playing capabilities outside of third-party subscriptions | question: What information does Microsoft allow users to retain when transitioning Live subscriptions?, answer: profile information, friends list, and games history | question: What does a user need to do to transfer a Live account to the new system?, answer: users need to link a Windows Live ID to their gamertag on Xbox.com | question: What is the annual cost of a Live Gold membership in USD?, answer: $59.99 | question: How many users are subscribed to Xbox Live?, answer: 30 million

Xiamen dialect, sometimes known as Amoy, is the main dialect spoken in the Chinese city of Xiamen and its surrounding regions of Tong'an and Xiang'an, both of which are now included in the Greater Xiamen area. This dialect developed in the late Ming dynasty when Xiamen was increasingly taking over Quanzhou's position as the main port of trade in southeastern China. Quanzhou traders began travelling southwards to Xiamen to carry on their businesses while Zhangzhou peasants began traveling northwards to Xiamen in search of job opportunities. It is at this time when a need for a common language arose. The Quanzhou and Zhangzhou varieties are similar in many ways (as can be seen from the common place of Henan Luoyang where they originated), but due to differences in accents, communication can be a problem. Quanzhou businessmen considered their speech to be the prestige accent and considered Zhangzhou's to be a village dialect. Over the centuries, dialect leveling occurred and the two speeches mixed to produce the Amoy dialect.

question: What is another name for Xiamen dialect?, answer: Amoy | question: What is the main dialect spoken in Xiamen?, answer: Xiamen dialect | question: During what dynasty did the Xiamen dialect develope?, answer: late Ming dynasty | question: What city took over Quanzhou's position as the main port of trade in SE China?, answer: Xiamen | question: Why did peasants from Zhangzhou travel north to Xiamen?, answer: in search of job opportunities

Xinjiang, China; Argentina; Chile; Iceland; Russia and other areas skew time zones westward, in effect observing DST year-round without complications from clock shifts. For example, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, is at 106°39′ W longitude, slightly west of center of the idealized Mountain Time Zone (105° W), but the time in Saskatchewan is Central Standard Time (90° W) year-round, so Saskatoon is always about 67 minutes ahead of mean solar time, thus effectively observing daylight saving time year-round. Conversely, northeast India and a few other areas skew time zones eastward, in effect observing negative DST. The United Kingdom and Ireland experimented with year-round DST from 1968 to 1971 but abandoned it because of its unpopularity, particularly in northern regions.

question: In which direction do countries like Russia and Argentina shift their time zones that could be considered all-year DST?, answer: westward | question: About how many minutes does Saskatoon, Saskatchewan stay ahead of mean solar time?, answer: 67 | question: What time does Saskatoon observe all year long?, answer: Central Standard Time | question: Places like northeast India that shift time zones to the east could be considered to be observing what kind of DST?, answer: negative DST | question: What year did Ireland and the UK give up on their permanent DST experiment?, answer: 1971

Y DNA studies tend to imply a small number of founders in an old population whose members parted and followed different migration paths. In most Jewish populations, these male line ancestors appear to have been mainly Middle Eastern. For example, Ashkenazi Jews share more common paternal lineages with other Jewish and Middle Eastern groups than with non-Jewish populations in areas where Jews lived in Eastern Europe, Germany and the French Rhine Valley. This is consistent with Jewish traditions in placing most Jewish paternal origins in the region of the Middle East. Conversely, the maternal lineages of Jewish populations, studied by looking at mitochondrial DNA, are generally more heterogeneous. Scholars such as Harry Ostrer and Raphael Falk believe this indicates that many Jewish males found new mates from European and other communities in the places where they migrated in the diaspora after fleeing ancient Israel. In contrast, Behar has found evidence that about 40% of Ashkenazi Jews originate maternally from just four female founders, who were of Middle Eastern origin. The populations of Sephardi and Mizrahi Jewish communities "showed no evidence for a narrow founder effect." Subsequent studies carried out by Feder et al. confirmed the large portion of non-local maternal origin among Ashkenazi Jews. Reflecting on their findings related to the maternal origin of Ashkenazi Jews, the authors conclude "Clearly, the differences between Jews and non-Jews are far larger than those observed among the Jewish communities. Hence, differences between the Jewish communities can be overlooked when non-Jews are included in the comparisons."

question: Ashkenazi Jews share more common paternal lineages with what group?, answer: Jewish and Middle Eastern groups | question: Jewish traditions place most Jewish paternal origins in which region?, answer: Middle East | question: Which lineages are generally more heterogeneous?, answer: maternal lineages

Y-Gerät was the most complex system of the three. It was, in effect, an automatic beam-tracking system, operated through the bomber's autopilot. The single approach beam along which the bomber tracked was monitored by a ground controller. The signals from the station were retransmitted by the bomber's equipment. This way the distance the bomber travelled along the beam could be precisely verified. Direction-finding checks also enabled the controller to keep the crew on an exact course. The crew would be ordered to drop their bombs either by issue of a code word by the ground controller, or at the conclusion of the signal transmissions which would stop. Although its maximum usable range was similar to the previous systems, it was not unknown for specific buildings to be hit.

question: Which system was the most complex of the three?, answer: Y-Gerät | question: Who operated the automatic beam system?, answer: the bomber's autopilot | question: What kind of checks help to keep the plane on course?, answer: Direction-finding | question: The crew could be order to drop the bomb by what?, answer: a code word | question: Who issued the code word to the bombers?, answer: ground controller

Yale University is an American private Ivy League research university in New Haven, Connecticut. Founded in 1701 in Saybrook Colony as the Collegiate School, the University is the third-oldest institution of higher education in the United States. The school was renamed Yale College in 1718 in recognition of a gift from Elihu Yale, who was governor of the British East India Company. Established to train Congregationalist ministers in theology and sacred languages, by 1777 the school's curriculum began to incorporate humanities and sciences. In the 19th century the school incorporated graduate and professional instruction, awarding the first Ph.D. in the United States in 1861 and organizing as a university in 1887.

question: When was the Collegiate School of Saybrook Colony founded?, answer: 1701 | question: When was the Collegiate School renamed to Yale College?, answer: 1718 | question: Why was the school named Yale College?, answer: recognition of a gift from Elihu Yale | question: When did Yale first incorporate humanities and sciences?, answer: by 1777 | question: When did Yale issue the first Ph.D in the United States?, answer: 1861

Yale University, one of the oldest universities in the United States, is a cultural referent as an institution that produces some of the most elite members of society and its grounds, alumni, and students have been prominently portrayed in fiction and U.S. popular culture. For example, Owen Johnson's novel, Stover at Yale, follows the college career of Dink Stover and Frank Merriwell, the model for all later juvenile sports fiction, plays football, baseball, crew, and track at Yale while solving mysteries and righting wrongs. Yale University also is featured in F. Scott Fitzgerald's novel "The Great Gatsby". The narrator, Nick Carraway, wrote a series of editorials for the Yale News, and Tom Buchanan was "one of the most powerful ends that ever played football" for Yale.

question: Who were the main characters in Stover at Yale?, answer: Dink Stover and Frank Merriwell | question: What F. Scott Fitzgerald novel is Yale a part of?, answer: The Great Gatsby | question: What character in The Great Gatsby wrote editorials for the Yale News?, answer: Nick Carraway | question: What football playing character in The Great Gatsby played for Yale?, answer: Tom Buchanan | question: Who wrote the novel Stover at Yale?, answer: Owen Johnson

Yale and New Haven are working to build a medical and biotechnology research hub in the city and Greater New Haven region, and are succeeding to some extent.[citation needed] The city, state and Yale together run Science Park, a large site three blocks northwest of Yale's Science Hill campus. This multi-block site, approximately bordered by Mansfield Street, Division Street, and Shelton Avenue, is the former home of Winchester's and Olin Corporation's 45 large-scale factory buildings. Currently, sections of the site are large-scale parking lots or abandoned structures, but there is also a large remodeled and functioning area of buildings (leased primarily by a private developer) with numerous Yale employees, financial service and biotech companies.

question: Yale and New Haven are conjointly attempting to build the area into a research hub for what two industries?, answer: medical and biotechnology | question: What large site is run by Yale, in conjunction with New Haven and the state, situated three blocks away from Yale's Science hill campus?, answer: Science Park | question: To what corporation did the multi-block site comprising Science Park formerly belong?, answer: Winchester's and Olin | question: In addition to Yale employees and financial services, companies in what industry can currently be found in the functioning areas Science Park?, answer: biotech | question: What is the name of the collaborated project between Yale University, Connecticut and New Haven city?, answer: Science Park | question: The area of Science Park was originally filled with what?, answer: 45 large-scale factory buildings | question: Although some of the Science Park area is used by multiple institutions and groups, what remains left over Winchester's and Olin company?, answer: parking lots or abandoned structures

Yale expanded gradually, establishing the Yale School of Medicine (1810), Yale Divinity School (1822), Yale Law School (1843), Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences (1847), the Sheffield Scientific School (1847), and the Yale School of Fine Arts (1869). In 1887, as the college continued to grow under the presidency of Timothy Dwight V, Yale College was renamed Yale University. The university would later add the Yale School of Music (1894), the Yale School of Forestry & Environmental Studies (founded by Gifford Pinchot in 1900), the Yale School of Public Health (1915), the Yale School of Nursing (1923), the Yale School of Drama (1955), the Yale Physician Associate Program (1973), and the Yale School of Management (1976). It would also reorganize its relationship with the Sheffield Scientific School.

question: When was the Yale School of Medicine established?, answer: 1810 | question: When was Yale Divinity School established?, answer: 1822 | question: When was Yale Law School created?, answer: 1843 | question: When was Yale Graduate Schools and Arts and Sciences established?, answer: (1847 | question: When was the Sheffield Scientific School created?, answer: 1847

Yale has a complicated relationship with its home city; for example, thousands of students volunteer every year in a myriad of community organizations, but city officials, who decry Yale's exemption from local property taxes, have long pressed the university to do more to help. Under President Levin, Yale has financially supported many of New Haven's efforts to reinvigorate the city. Evidence suggests that the town and gown relationships are mutually beneficial. Still, the economic power of the university increased dramatically with its financial success amid a decline in the local economy.

question: Why do New Haven city officials dislike Yale?, answer: exemption from local property taxes | question: Which Yale president assisted with New Haven's revitalization efforts?, answer: President Levin | question: What has been the effect of Yale and New Haven's relationship on Yale?, answer: economic power of the university increased dramatically with its financial success | question: What has been the effect of Yale and New Haven's relation on New Haven?, answer: decline in the local economy

Yale has a history of difficult and prolonged labor negotiations, often culminating in strikes. There have been at least eight strikes since 1968, and The New York Times wrote that Yale has a reputation as having the worst record of labor tension of any university in the U.S. Yale's unusually large endowment exacerbates the tension over wages. Moreover, Yale has been accused of failing to treat workers with respect. In a 2003 strike, however, the university claimed that more union employees were working than striking. Professor David Graeber was 'retired' after he came to the defense of a student who was involved in campus labor issues.

question: How many strikes has Yale had since 1968?, answer: at least eight | question: What are The New York Times' views on Yale's labor tension?, answer: the worst record of labor tension of any university in the U.S. | question: What professor was retired in a 2003 labor strike?, answer: Professor David Graeber | question: Why was Professor David Graeber retired during the strike?, answer: he came to the defense of a student who was involved in campus labor issues. | question: What adds to the tensions during wage considerations?, answer: Yale's unusually large endowment

Yale has had many financial supporters, but some stand out by the magnitude or timeliness of their contributions. Among those who have made large donations commemorated at the university are: Elihu Yale; Jeremiah Dummer; the Harkness family (Edward, Anna, and William); the Beinecke family (Edwin, Frederick, and Walter); John William Sterling; Payne Whitney; Joseph E. Sheffield, Paul Mellon, Charles B. G. Murphy and William K. Lanman. The Yale Class of 1954, led by Richard Gilder, donated $70 million in commemoration of their 50th reunion. Charles B. Johnson, a 1954 graduate of Yale College, pledged a $250 million gift in 2013 to support of the construction of two new residential colleges.

question: How much did Charles B. Johnson pledge to Yale in 2013?, answer: $250 million | question: How much did the 1954 class donate for their 50th reunion?, answer: $70 million | question: Who led the 1954 class in their large donation?, answer: Richard Gilder

Yale has numerous athletic facilities, including the Yale Bowl (the nation's first natural "bowl" stadium, and prototype for such stadiums as the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum and the Rose Bowl), located at The Walter Camp Field athletic complex, and the Payne Whitney Gymnasium, the second-largest indoor athletic complex in the world. October 21, 2000, marked the dedication of Yale's fourth new boathouse in 157 years of collegiate rowing. The Richard Gilder Boathouse is named to honor former Olympic rower Virginia Gilder '79 and her father Richard Gilder '54, who gave $4 million towards the $7.5 million project. Yale also maintains the Gales Ferry site where the heavyweight men's team trains for the Yale-Harvard Boat Race.

question: What is the name of the United States' first bowl stadium?, answer: Yale Bowl | question: What landmarks did the Yale Bowl influence?, answer: Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum and the Rose Bowl | question: What is the name of the world's second largest indoor athletic building?, answer: Payne Whitney Gymnasium | question: On what day was the Richard Gilder Boathouse established?, answer: October 21, 2000 | question: How much did the Richard Gilder Boathouse cost to construct?, answer: $7.5 million

Yale has produced alumni distinguished in their respective fields. Among the best-known are U.S. Presidents William Howard Taft, Gerald Ford, George H. W. Bush, Bill Clinton and George W. Bush; royals Crown Princess Victoria Bernadotte, Prince Rostislav Romanov and Prince Akiiki Hosea Nyabongo; heads of state, including Italian prime minister Mario Monti, Turkish prime minister Tansu Çiller, Mexican president Ernesto Zedillo, German president Karl Carstens, and Philippines president José Paciano Laurel; U.S. Supreme Court Justices Sonia Sotomayor, Samuel Alito and Clarence Thomas; U.S. Secretaries of State John Kerry, Hillary Clinton, Cyrus Vance, and Dean Acheson; authors Sinclair Lewis, Stephen Vincent Benét, and Tom Wolfe; lexicographer Noah Webster; inventors Samuel F. B. Morse and Eli Whitney; patriot and "first spy" Nathan Hale; theologian Jonathan Edwards; actors, directors and producers Paul Newman, Henry Winkler, Vincent Price, Meryl Streep, Sigourney Weaver, Jodie Foster, Angela Bassett, Patricia Clarkson, Courtney Vance, Frances McDormand, Elia Kazan, George Roy Hill, Edward Norton, Lupita Nyong'o, Allison Williams, Oliver Stone, Sam Waterston, and Michael Cimino; "Father of American football" Walter Camp, James Franco, "The perfect oarsman" Rusty Wailes; baseball players Ron Darling, Bill Hutchinson, and Craig Breslow; basketball player Chris Dudley; football players Gary Fencik, and Calvin Hill; hockey players Chris Higgins and Mike Richter; figure skater Sarah Hughes; swimmer Don Schollander; skier Ryan Max Riley; runner Frank Shorter; composers Charles Ives, Douglas Moore and Cole Porter; Peace Corps founder Sargent Shriver; child psychologist Benjamin Spock; architects Eero Saarinen and Norman Foster; sculptor Richard Serra; film critic Gene Siskel; television commentators Dick Cavett and Anderson Cooper; New York Times journalist David Gonzalez; pundits William F. Buckley, Jr., and Fareed Zakaria; economists Irving Fischer, Mahbub ul Haq, and Paul Krugman; cyclotron inventor and Nobel laureate in Physics, Ernest Lawrence; Human Genome Project director Francis S. Collins; mathematician and chemist Josiah Willard Gibbs; and businesspeople, including Time Magazine co-founder Henry Luce, Morgan Stanley founder Harold Stanley, Boeing CEO James McNerney, FedEx founder Frederick W. Smith, Time Warner president Jeffrey Bewkes, Electronic Arts co-founder Bing Gordon, and investor/philanthropist Sir John Templeton; pioneer in electrical applications Austin Cornelius Dunham.

question: What royalty has attended Yale?, answer: Crown Princess Victoria Bernadotte, Prince Rostislav Romanov and Prince Akiiki Hosea Nyabongo | question: What Italian Prime Minister attended Yale?, answer: Mario Monti | question: What Mexican president attended Yale?, answer: Ernesto Zedillo | question: Who was the father of American football?, answer: Walter Camp | question: What Time magazine founder attended Yale?, answer: Henry Luce

Yale is noted for its largely Collegiate Gothic campus as well as for several iconic modern buildings commonly discussed in architectural history survey courses: Louis Kahn's Yale Art Gallery and Center for British Art, Eero Saarinen's Ingalls Rink and Ezra Stiles and Morse Colleges, and Paul Rudolph's Art & Architecture Building. Yale also owns and has restored many noteworthy 19th-century mansions along Hillhouse Avenue, which was considered the most beautiful street in America by Charles Dickens when he visited the United States in the 1840s. In 2011, Travel+Leisure listed the Yale campus as one of the most beautiful in the United States.

question: Who called Hillhouse Avenue the most beautiful street in America in the 1840's?, answer: Charles Dickens | question: Who listed Yale as one of the most beautiful campuses in the United States?, answer: Travel+Leisure | question: What is Yale largely known for?, answer: Collegiate Gothic campus | question: When did Travel + Leisure list Yale as one of the most beautiful campuses?, answer: 2011

Yale is organized into fourteen constituent schools: the original undergraduate college, the Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, and twelve professional schools. While the university is governed by the Yale Corporation, each school's faculty oversees its curriculum and degree programs. In addition to a central campus in downtown New Haven, the University owns athletic facilities in western New Haven, including the Yale Bowl, a campus in West Haven, Connecticut, and forest and nature preserves throughout New England. The university's assets include an endowment valued at $25.6 billion as of September 2015, the second largest of any educational institution.The Yale University Library, serving all constituent schools, holds more than 15 million volumes and is the third-largest academic library in the United States.

question: How many schools is Yale composed of?, answer: fourteen | question: How much is Yale's endowment worth?, answer: $25.6 billion | question: How many books are in the Yale University Library?, answer: 15 million | question: Who runs Yale College?, answer: Yale Corporation | question: Where is the main Yale campus?, answer: downtown New Haven

Yale seniors at graduation smash clay pipes underfoot to symbolize passage from their "bright college years," though in recent history the pipes have been replaced with "bubble pipes". ("Bright College Years," the University's alma mater, was penned in 1881 by Henry Durand, Class of 1881, to the tune of Die Wacht am Rhein.) Yale's student tour guides tell visitors that students consider it good luck to rub the toe of the statue of Theodore Dwight Woolsey on Old Campus. Actual students rarely do so. In the second half of the 20th century Bladderball, a campus-wide game played with a large inflatable ball, became a popular tradition but was banned by administration due to safety concerns. In spite of administration opposition, students revived the game in 2009, 2011, and 2014, but its future remains uncertain.

question: What do seniors crush to celebrate graduation?, answer: clay pipes | question: What do they destroy now instead of clay pipes?, answer: bubble pipes | question: What statue is it rumored to be good luck to rub?, answer: Theodore Dwight Woolsey on Old Campus | question: What part of the statue of Theodore Dwight Woolsey is it said to be good luck to rub?, answer: the toe | question: What game was created, to later be banned by administration?, answer: Bladderball

Yale traces its beginnings to "An Act for Liberty to Erect a Collegiate School," passed by the General Court of the Colony of Connecticut on October 9, 1701, while meeting in New Haven. The Act was an effort to create an institution to train ministers and lay leadership for Connecticut. Soon thereafter, a group of ten Congregationalist ministers: Samuel Andrew, Thomas Buckingham, Israel Chauncy, Samuel Mather, Rev. James Noyes II (son of James Noyes), James Pierpont, Abraham Pierson, Noadiah Russell, Joseph Webb and Timothy Woodbridge, all alumni of Harvard, met in the study of Reverend Samuel Russell in Branford, Connecticut, to pool their books to form the school's library. The group, led by James Pierpont, is now known as "The Founders".[citation needed]

question: When was "An Act for Liberty to Erect a Collegiate School" approved?, answer: October 9, 1701 | question: Who voted on "An Act for Liberty to Erect a Collegiate School"?, answer: General Court of the Colony of Connecticut | question: What was the name of the group that started Yale's library?, answer: The Founders | question: Why was "An Act for Liberty to Erect a Collegiate School" proposed?, answer: to create an institution to train ministers and lay leadership for Connecticut | question: Where did "The Founders" go to school?, answer: Harvard

Yale's English and Comparative Literature departments were part of the New Criticism movement. Of the New Critics, Robert Penn Warren, W.K. Wimsatt, and Cleanth Brooks were all Yale faculty. Later, the Yale Comparative literature department became a center of American deconstruction. Jacques Derrida, the father of deconstruction, taught at the Department of Comparative Literature from the late seventies to mid-1980s. Several other Yale faculty members were also associated with deconstruction, forming the so-called "Yale School". These included Paul de Man who taught in the Departments of Comparative Literature and French, J. Hillis Miller, Geoffrey Hartman (both taught in the Departments of English and Comparative Literature), and Harold Bloom (English), whose theoretical position was always somewhat specific, and who ultimately took a very different path from the rest of this group. Yale's history department has also originated important intellectual trends. Historians C. Vann Woodward and David Brion Davis are credited with beginning in the 1960s and 1970s an important stream of southern historians; likewise, David Montgomery, a labor historian, advised many of the current generation of labor historians in the country. Yale's Music School and Department fostered the growth of Music Theory in the latter half of the 20th century. The Journal of Music Theory was founded there in 1957; Allen Forte and David Lewin were influential teachers and scholars.

question: Which of the New Critics were staffed at Yale?, answer: Robert Penn Warren, W.K. Wimsatt, and Cleanth Brooks | question: Who is known as the father of deconstruction?, answer: Jacques Derrida | question: Where did Jacques Derrida teach from the late 1970's to mid 1980's?, answer: Department of Comparative Literature | question: Which Yale staffed labor historian advised other younger labor historians?, answer: David Montgomery | question: When was The Journal of Music Theory founded?, answer: 1957

Yale's Office of Sustainability develops and implements sustainability practices at Yale. Yale is committed to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions 10% below 1990 levels by the year 2020. As part of this commitment, the university allocates renewable energy credits to offset some of the energy used by residential colleges. Eleven campus buildings are candidates for LEED design and certification. Yale Sustainable Food Project initiated the introduction of local, organic vegetables, fruits, and beef to all residential college dining halls. Yale was listed as a Campus Sustainability Leader on the Sustainable Endowments Institute’s College Sustainability Report Card 2008, and received a "B+" grade overall.

question: Who creates sustainability practices at Yale?, answer: Yale's Office of Sustainability | question: By what percent is Yale committed to reducing greenhouse gas emissions below 1990 levels by the year 2020?, answer: 10% | question: How many campus buildings are candidates for LEED design and certification?, answer: Eleven | question: What project is bringing organic food to all of Yale's residential college dining areas?, answer: Yale Sustainable Food Project | question: What grade did Yale get on their Sustainable Endowments Institute's College Sustainability Report Card 2008?, answer: B+

Yale's central campus in downtown New Haven covers 260 acres (1.1 km2) and comprises its main, historic campus and a medical campus adjacent to the Yale-New Haven Hospital. In western New Haven, the university holds 500 acres (2.0 km2) of athletic facilities, including the Yale Golf Course. In 2008, Yale purchased the 136-acre (0.55 km2) former Bayer Pharmaceutical campus in West Haven, Connecticut, the buildings of which are now used as laboratory and research space. Yale also owns seven forests in Connecticut, Vermont, and New Hampshire—the largest of which is the 7,840-acre (31.7 km2) Yale-Myers Forest in Connecticut's Quiet Corner—and nature preserves including Horse Island.

question: Where does Yale own 500 acres of athletic facilities?, answer: western New Haven | question: What campus did Yale buy in 2008?, answer: former Bayer Pharmaceutical campus | question: What is the former Bayer Pharmaceutical campus used for?, answer: laboratory and research space | question: How many forests does Yale own?, answer: seven | question: How big is the largest forest in Yale's possession?, answer: 7,840-acre

Yale's museum collections are also of international stature. The Yale University Art Gallery, the country's first university-affiliated art museum, contains more than 180,000 works, including Old Masters and important collections of modern art, in the Swartout and Kahn buildings. The latter, Louis Kahn's first large-scale American work (1953), was renovated and reopened in December 2006. The Yale Center for British Art, the largest collection of British art outside of the UK, grew from a gift of Paul Mellon and is housed in another Kahn-designed building.

question: What is the name of the country's first university partnered art museum?, answer: The Yale University Art Gallery | question: How many items are in The Yale University Art Gallery?, answer: more than 180,000 | question: Where is the largest center for British art, UK not included?, answer: The Yale Center for British Art | question: Whose contributions started The Yale Center for British Art?, answer: Paul Mellon | question: Who designed the building for The Yale Center for British Art?, answer: Louis Kahn

Yale's residential college system was established in 1933 by Edward S. Harkness, who admired the social intimacy of Oxford and Cambridge and donated significant funds to found similar colleges at Yale and Harvard. Though Yale's colleges resemble their English precursors organizationally and architecturally, they are dependent entities of Yale College and have limited autonomy. The colleges are led by a master and an academic dean, who reside in the college, and university faculty and affiliates comprise each college's fellowship. Colleges offer their own seminars, social events, and speaking engagements known as "Master's Teas," but do not contain programs of study or academic departments. Instead, all undergraduate courses are taught by the Faculty of Arts and Sciences and are open to members of any college.

question: When was Yale's residential college system established?, answer: 1933 | question: Who established Yale's residential college system?, answer: Edward S. Harkness | question: Who runs Yale's residential colleges?, answer: The colleges are led by a master and an academic dean | question: Are there academic programs in Yale's residential colleges?, answer: do not contain programs of study or academic departments | question: Who teaches Yale's residential college's undergraduate classes?, answer: Faculty of Arts and Sciences

Yale's secret society buildings (some of which are called "tombs") were built both to be private yet unmistakable. A diversity of architectural styles is represented: Berzelius, Donn Barber in an austere cube with classical detailing (erected in 1908 or 1910); Book and Snake, Louis R. Metcalfe in a Greek Ionic style (erected in 1901); Elihu, architect unknown but built in a Colonial style (constructed on an early 17th-century foundation although the building is from the 18th century); Mace and Chain, in a late colonial, early Victorian style (built in 1823). Interior moulding is said to have belonged to Benedict Arnold; Manuscript Society, King Lui-Wu with Dan Kniley responsible for landscaping and Josef Albers for the brickwork intaglio mural. Building constructed in a mid-century modern style; Scroll and Key, Richard Morris Hunt in a Moorish- or Islamic-inspired Beaux-Arts style (erected 1869–70); Skull and Bones, possibly Alexander Jackson Davis or Henry Austin in an Egypto-Doric style utilizing Brownstone (in 1856 the first wing was completed, in 1903 the second wing, 1911 the Neo-Gothic towers in rear garden were completed); St. Elmo, (former tomb) Kenneth M. Murchison, 1912, designs inspired by Elizabethan manor. Current location, brick colonial; Shabtai, 1882, the Anderson Mansion built in the Second Empire architectural style; and Wolf's Head, Bertram Grosvenor Goodhue (erected 1923-4).

question: What is another term for some of Yale's secret society buildings?, answer: tombs | question: Who is the interior moulding of the Mace and Chain building rumored to have belonged to?, answer: Benedict Arnold | question: Who was responsible for landscaping the Manuscript Society building?, answer: Dan Kniley | question: Who was the architect for St. Elmo?, answer: Kenneth M. Murchison | question: Who was the architect behind the Manuscript Society building?, answer: King Lui-Wu

Yaroslav, known as "the Wise", struggled for power with his brothers. A son of Vladimir the Great, he was vice-regent of Novgorod at the time of his father's death in 1015. Subsequently, his eldest surviving brother, Svyatopolk the Accursed, killed three of his other brothers and seized power in Kiev. Yaroslav, with the active support of the Novgorodians and the help of Viking mercenaries, defeated Svyatopolk and became the grand prince of Kiev in 1019. Although he first established his rule over Kiev in 1019, he did not have uncontested rule of all of Kievan Rus' until 1036. Like Vladimir, Yaroslav was eager to improve relations with the rest of Europe, especially the Byzantine Empire. Yaroslav's granddaughter, Eupraxia the daughter of his son Vsevolod I, Prince of Kiev, was married to Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor. Yaroslav also arranged marriages for his sister and three daughters to the kings of Poland, France, Hungary and Norway. Yaroslav promulgated the first East Slavic law code, Russkaya Pravda; built Saint Sophia Cathedral in Kiev and Saint Sophia Cathedral in Novgorod; patronized local clergy and monasticism; and is said to have founded a school system. Yaroslav's sons developed the great Kiev Pechersk Lavra (monastery), which functioned in Kievan Rus' as an ecclesiastical academy.

question: What was Yaroslav also known as?, answer: the Wise | question: Who was Yaroslav's father?, answer: Vladimir the Great | question: In what year did Yaroslav become the prince of Kiev?, answer: 1019