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While a few fragments exist, there is no surviving historical work which dates to the hundred years following Alexander's death. The works of the major Hellenistic historians Hieronymus of Cardia (who worked under Alexander, Antigonus I and other successors), Duris of Samos and Phylarchus which were used by surviving sources are all lost. The earliest and most credible surviving source for the Hellenistic period is Polybius of Megalopolis (c. 200-118), a statesman of the Achaean League until 168 BCE when he was forced to go to Rome as a hostage. His Histories eventually grew to a length of forty books, covering the years 220 to 167 BCE.

question: What is the earliest, most credible source of the Hellenistic period?, answer: Polybius | question: Where was Polybius from?, answer: Megalopolis | question: Where was Polybius forced to go as hostage?, answer: Rome | question: What years do Polybius books cover?, answer: 220 to 167 BCE | question: What League was Polybius a statesman?, answer: Achaean

While antibiotics are beneficial in certain types of acute diarrhea, they are usually not used except in specific situations. There are concerns that antibiotics may increase the risk of hemolytic uremic syndrome in people infected with Escherichia coli O157:H7. In resource-poor countries, treatment with antibiotics may be beneficial. However, some bacteria are developing antibiotic resistance, particularly Shigella. Antibiotics can also cause diarrhea, and antibiotic-associated diarrhea is the most common adverse effect of treatment with general antibiotics.

question: Are antibiotics used in diarrhea instances?, answer: they are usually not used except in specific situations | question: What are the concerns with anitbiotics?, answer: may increase the risk of hemolytic uremic syndrome in people infected with Escherichia coli O157:H7 | question: What are bacteria doing that makes them not work as well?, answer: some bacteria are developing antibiotic resistance

While asthma is a well recognized condition, there is not one universal agreed upon definition. It is defined by the Global Initiative for Asthma as "a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways in which many cells and cellular elements play a role. The chronic inflammation is associated with airway hyper-responsiveness that leads to recurrent episodes of wheezing, breathlessness, chest tightness and coughing particularly at night or in the early morning. These episodes are usually associated with widespread but variable airflow obstruction within the lung that is often reversible either spontaneously or with treatment".

question: Is there a universal definition of astham?, answer: there is not one universal agreed upon definition | question: What main components play a role in asthma?, answer: many cells and cellular elements play a role | question: What is the inflamation a result of?, answer: airway hyper-responsiveness | question: What does hyper-responsiveness of the airways cause?, answer: episodes of wheezing, breathlessness, chest tightness and coughing | question: What are two ways to reverse an asthma attack?, answer: spontaneously or with treatment

While attending Ealing Art College, Tim Staffell became friends with Farrokh Bulsara, a fellow student who had assumed the English name of Freddie. Bulsara felt that he and the band had the same tastes and soon became a keen fan of Smile. In late 1970, after Staffell left to join the band Humpy Bong, the remaining Smile members, encouraged by Bulsara, changed their name to "Queen" and continued working together. When asked about the name, Bulsara explained, "I thought up the name Queen. It's just a name, but it's very regal obviously, and it sounds splendid. It's a strong name, very universal and immediate. It had a lot of visual potential and was open to all sorts of interpretations. I was certainly aware of gay connotations, but that was just one facet of it."

question: Tim Staffell left the band Smile in what year?, answer: 1970 | question: What band did Tim Staffell join after leaving Smile?, answer: Humpy Bong | question: What was the name of the college Tim Staffell attended when he met Farrokh Bulsara?, answer: Ealing Art College | question: In what year did Smile change their name to Queen?, answer: 1970 | question: What was the English first name Farrokh Bulsara adopted?, answer: Freddie

While christian festivals such as corpus christi were church-sanctioned celebrations, Carnival was also a manifestation of European folk culture. In the Christian tradition the fasting is to commemorate the 40 days that Jesus fasted in the desert according to the New Testament and also to reflect on Christian values. As with many other Christian festivals such as Christmas which was originally a pagan midwinter festival, the Christian church has found it easier to turn the pagan Carnaval in a catholic tradition than to eliminate it. Unlike today, carnival in the Middle Ages took not just a few days, but it covered almost the entire period between Christmas and the beginning of Lent. In those two months, several Catholic holidays were seized by the Catholic population as an outlet for their daily frustrations.

question: What was one of the festivals sanctioned by the church?, answer: corpus christi | question: Carnival was also a result of what area's folk culture?, answer: European | question: How many days is Jesus traditionally said to have fasted in the desert?, answer: 40 | question: What pagan midwinter festival did the church find easier to subvert than eliminate?, answer: Christmas | question: Why were multiple holidays seized by the Catholic population?, answer: outlet for their daily frustrations

While comics are often the work of a single creator, the labour of making them is frequently divided between a number of specialists. There may be separate writers and artists, and artists may specialize in parts of the artwork such as characters or backgrounds, as is common in Japan. Particularly in American superhero comic books, the art may be divided between a penciller, who lays out the artwork in pencil; an inker, who finishes the artwork in ink; a colourist; and a letterer, who adds the captions and speech balloons.

question: Though one person typically creates the comic, there are usually a number of what involved in actually designing it?, answer: specialists | question: What is a person called who does the initial pencil work for the artwork?, answer: penciller | question: What does an inker do?, answer: finishes the artwork in ink

While considered "alternative" today, most alternative systems have existed since ancient times. After the public school system was widely developed beginning in the 19th century, some parents found reasons to be discontented with the new system. Alternative education developed in part as a reaction to perceived limitations and failings of traditional education. A broad range of educational approaches emerged, including alternative schools, self learning, homeschooling and unschooling. Example alternative schools include Montessori schools, Waldorf schools (or Steiner schools), Friends schools, Sands School, Summerhill School, The Peepal Grove School, Sudbury Valley School, Krishnamurti schools, and open classroom schools. Charter schools are another example of alternative education, which have in the recent years grown in numbers in the US and gained greater importance in its public education system.

question: What is another term used for Special Education Services?, answer: alternative | question: When were public schools become more and more developed?, answer: 19th century | question: What are some examples of alternative schools?, answer: Montessori schools, Waldorf schools (or Steiner schools), Friends schools

While consulting for the Moore School of Electrical Engineering at the University of Pennsylvania on the EDVAC project, von Neumann wrote an incomplete First Draft of a Report on the EDVAC. The paper, whose premature distribution nullified the patent claims of EDVAC designers J. Presper Eckert and John Mauchly, described a computer architecture in which the data and the program are both stored in the computer's memory in the same address space. This architecture is to this day the basis of modern computer design, unlike the earliest computers that were "programmed" using a separate memory device such as a paper tape or plugboard. Although the single-memory, stored program architecture is commonly called von Neumann architecture as a result of von Neumann's paper, the architecture's description was based on the work of J. Presper Eckert and John William Mauchly, inventors of the ENIAC computer at the University of Pennsylvania.

question: What nullified patent claims of EDVAC designers?, answer: von Neumann wrote an incomplete First Draft of a Report | question: What was the significance of EDVAC?, answer: architecture is to this day the basis of modern computer design, | question: Where was ENIAC located?, answer: University of Pennsylvania

While each wrestling match is ostensibly a competition of athletics and strategy, the goal of each match from a business standpoint is to excite and entertain the audience. Although the competition is staged, dramatic emphasis can be utilized to draw out the most intense reaction from the audience. Heightened interest results in higher attendance rates, increased ticket sales, higher ratings on television broadcasts (which result in greater ad revenue), higher pay-per-view buyrates, and sales of branded merchandise and recorded video footage. All of these contribute to the profit of the promotion company.

question: What is the point of a match?, answer: to excite and entertain the audience | question: Higher attendance and more ticket sales can be the result of what?, answer: Heightened interest | question: Though the contest is staged, what can garner more interest from the crowd?, answer: dramatic emphasis

While equal temperament became gradually accepted as the dominant musical temperament during the 18th century, different historical temperaments are often used for music from earlier periods. For instance, music of the English Renaissance is often performed in meantone temperament.

question: What type of temperament became accepted during the 18th century?, answer: equal temperament | question: When did equal temperament become accepted as the dominant musical temperament?, answer: the 18th century | question: What temperament is the English Renaissance performed in?, answer: meantone temperament

While exploring inland along the northern coast of Florida in 1528, the members of the Narváez expedition, including Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca, found a Native American village near present-day Tallahassee, Florida whose name they transcribed as Apalchen or Apalachen [a.paˈla.tʃɛn]. The name was soon altered by the Spanish to Apalachee and used as a name for the tribe and region spreading well inland to the north. Pánfilo de Narváez's expedition first entered Apalachee territory on June 15, 1528, and applied the name. Now spelled "Appalachian," it is the fourth-oldest surviving European place-name in the US.

question: What area did the Narvaez expedition explore?, answer: northern coast of Florida | question: When did the Narvaez expedition explore Florida?, answer: 1528 | question: What did they transcribe Florida's name as?, answer: Apalchen | question: What was the name eventually used for?, answer: as a name for the tribe and region spreading well inland to the north

While forming an integral part of the Christian calendar, particularly in Catholic regions, many Carnival traditions resemble those antedating Christianity. Italian Carnival is sometimes thought to be derived from the ancient Roman festivals of Saturnalia and Bacchanalia. The Saturnalia, in turn, may be based on the Greek Dionysia and Oriental festivals. For the start of the Roman Saturnalia, on December 17 authorities chose an enemy of the Roman people to represent the Lord of Misrule in each community. These men and women were forced to indulge in food and physical pleasures throughout the week, horribly murdered on December 25th: "destroying the forces of darkness".

question: Many Carnival traditions form an integral part of whose calendar?, answer: Christian | question: What two ancient Roman festivals is Carnival thought to stem from?, answer: Saturnalia and Bacchanalia | question: The Saturnalia is potentially based on what Greek festival?, answer: Dionysia | question: On which month and day did Saturnalia start?, answer: December 17 | question: What happened to the men and women chosen to represent the Lord of Misrule?, answer: horribly murdered

While full-time work hinders schooling, empirical evidence is varied on the relationship between part-time work and school. Sometimes even part-time work may hinder school attendance or performance. On the other hand, many poor children work for resources to attend school. Children who are not doing well at school sometimes seek more satisfactory experience in work. Good relations with a supervisor at work can provide relief from tensions that children feel at school and home. In the modern world, school education has become so central to society that schoolwork has become the dominant work for most children, often replacing participation in productive work. If school curricula or quality do not provide children with appropriate skills for available jobs or if children do nor have the aptitude for schoolwork, school may impede the learning of skills, such as agriculture, which will become necessary for future livelihood.

question: What hinders schooling for child labourers?, answer: full-time work | question: What can relieve tension for children at work?, answer: Good relations with a supervisor | question: What can schools do to help children led to better work lives?, answer: school may impede the learning of skills

While hardware may be a source of insecurity, such as with microchip vulnerabilities maliciously introduced during the manufacturing process, hardware-based or assisted computer security also offers an alternative to software-only computer security. Using devices and methods such as dongles, trusted platform modules, intrusion-aware cases, drive locks, disabling USB ports, and mobile-enabled access may be considered more secure due to the physical access (or sophisticated backdoor access) required in order to be compromised. Each of these is covered in more detail below.

question: Microchips vulnerabilities are introduced when?, answer: during the manufacturing process | question: What offers an alternative to soft-ware only computer security?, answer: hardware-based or assisted computer security | question: What can hardware be a source of?, answer: insecurity | question: What is required in order for hardware to be compromised?, answer: physical access (or sophisticated backdoor access)

While he was imprisoned in the castle of Fardajan near Hamadhan, Avicenna wrote his famous "Floating Man" – literally falling man – thought experiment to demonstrate human self-awareness and the substantiality and immateriality of the soul. Avicenna believed his "Floating Man" thought experiment demonstrated that the soul is a substance, and claimed humans cannot doubt their own consciousness, even in a situation that prevents all sensory data input. The thought experiment told its readers to imagine themselves created all at once while suspended in the air, isolated from all sensations, which includes no sensory contact with even their own bodies. He argued that, in this scenario, one would still have self-consciousness. Because it is conceivable that a person, suspended in air while cut off from sense experience, would still be capable of determining his own existence, the thought experiment points to the conclusions that the soul is a perfection, independent of the body, and an immaterial substance. The conceivability of this "Floating Man" indicates that the soul is perceived intellectually, which entails the soul's separateness from the body. Avicenna referred to the living human intelligence, particularly the active intellect, which he believed to be the hypostasis by which God communicates truth to the human mind and imparts order and intelligibility to nature. Following is an English translation of the argument:

question: Where was Avicenna once imprisoned?, answer: the castle of Fardajan | question: What did Avicenna write while he was imprisoned?, answer: "Floating Man" | question: What was the soul according to Avicenna?, answer: a substance | question: How is the soul perceived according to Avicenna's work "Floating Man"?, answer: intellectually | question: How did Avicenna want man to think of themselves as?, answer: suspended in the air, isolated from all sensations

While highly effective, the requirement for injection limited the use of norepinephrine[clarification needed] and orally active derivatives were sought. A structurally similar compound, ephedrine, was identified by Japanese chemists in the Ma Huang plant and marketed by Eli Lilly as an oral treatment for asthma. Following the work of Henry Dale and George Barger at Burroughs-Wellcome, academic chemist Gordon Alles synthesized amphetamine and tested it in asthma patients in 1929. The drug proved to have only modest anti-asthma effects, but produced sensations of exhilaration and palpitations. Amphetamine was developed by Smith, Kline and French as a nasal decongestant under the trade name Benzedrine Inhaler. Amphetamine was eventually developed for the treatment of narcolepsy, post-encepheletic parkinsonism, and mood elevation in depression and other psychiatric indications. It received approval as a New and Nonofficial Remedy from the American Medical Association for these uses in 1937 and remained in common use for depression until the development of tricyclic antidepressants in the 1960s.

question: Who developed Amphetamine?, answer: Smith, Kline and French | question: Who synthesized Amphetamine for asthma?, answer: Gordon Alles | question: What are common side effects of Amphetamine?, answer: sensations of exhilaration and palpitations | question: When were tricyclic antidepressants developed?, answer: 1960s | question: What were some uses for Amphetamine?, answer: narcolepsy, post-encepheletic parkinsonism, and mood elevation in depression and other psychiatric indications | question: Ephedrine was used as an oral medicine for what illness?, answer: asthma | question: In what year was amphetamine first tested on asthma patients?, answer: 1929 | question: What was the trade name of amphetamine as a nasal decongestant?, answer: Benzedrine Inhaler | question: In what year did the American Medical Association approve amphetamine for medical use?, answer: 1937 | question: In what decade were tricyclic antidepressants created?, answer: 1960s

While inert gas reduces filament evaporation, it also conducts heat from the filament, thereby cooling the filament and reducing efficiency. At constant pressure and temperature, the thermal conductivity of a gas depends upon the molecular weight of the gas and the cross sectional area of the gas molecules. Higher molecular weight gasses have lower thermal conductivity, because both the molecular weight is higher and also the cross sectional area is higher. Xenon gas improves efficiency because of its high molecular weight, but is also more expensive, so its use is limited to smaller lamps.

question: Why does inert gas reduce efficiency?, answer: conducts heat from the filament, thereby cooling the filament | question: What affects the thermal conductivity of a gas?, answer: molecular weight of the gas and the cross sectional area of the gas molecules | question: How does the molecular weight of a gas relate to thermal conductivity?, answer: Higher molecular weight gasses have lower thermal conductivity | question: Why is xenon gas not more widely used?, answer: more expensive, so its use is limited to smaller lamps | question: What is the advantage of using inert gas in a light bulb?, answer: reduces filament evaporation

While it is possible to write computer programs as long lists of numbers (machine language) and while this technique was used with many early computers, it is extremely tedious and potentially error-prone to do so in practice, especially for complicated programs. Instead, each basic instruction can be given a short name that is indicative of its function and easy to remember – a mnemonic such as ADD, SUB, MULT or JUMP. These mnemonics are collectively known as a computer's assembly language. Converting programs written in assembly language into something the computer can actually understand (machine language) is usually done by a computer program called an assembler.

question: A computer's assembly language is known as what?, answer: basic instruction can be given a short name that is indicative of its function | question: Programs that convert assembly language into machine language are called what?, answer: an assembler. | question: Computer programs that are long lists of numbers are called what?, answer: machine language

While it is undisputed that early humans were hunters, the importance of this for the emergence of the Homo genus from the earlier Australopithecines, including the production of stone tools and eventually the control of fire, are emphasised in the hunting hypothesis and de-emphasised in scenarios that stress omnivory and social interaction, including mating behaviour, as essential in the emergence of human behavioural modernity. With the establishment of language, culture, and religion, hunting became a theme of stories and myths, as well as rituals such as dance and animal sacrifice.

question: What is undisputed about early humans?, answer: were hunters | question: Hunting was important for the emergence of the Homo genus from what?, answer: earlier Australopithecines | question: Production of stone tools and control of fire were also pushed forward by what?, answer: hunting | question: What became a theme of stories and myths?, answer: hunting | question: Hunting allowed what type of rituals?, answer: dance and animal sacrifice | question: What is undisputed about earlier humans?, answer: humans were hunters | question: What did hunting become a theme of?, answer: stories and myths | question: Stone tools and control of fire are emphasised in what hypothesis?, answer: hunting hypothesis

While its fellow Canadian broadcasters converted most of their transmitters to digital by the Canadian digital television transition deadline of August 31, 2011, CBC converted only about half of the analogue transmitters in mandatory areas to digital (15 of 28 markets with CBC Television stations, and 14 of 28 markets with Télévision de Radio-Canada stations). Due to financial difficulties reported by the corporation, the corporation published digital transition plans for none of its analogue retransmitters in mandatory markets to be converted to digital by the deadline. Under this plan, communities that receive analogue signals by rebroadcast transmitters in mandatory markets would lose their over-the-air signals as of the deadline. Rebroadcast transmitters account for 23 of the 48 CBC and Radio-Canada transmitters in mandatory markets. Mandatory markets losing both CBC and Radio-Canada over-the-air signals include London, Ontario (metropolitan area population 457,000) and Saskatoon, Saskatchewan (metro area population 257,000). In both of those markets, the corporation's television transmitters are the only ones that were not planned to be converted to digital by the deadline.

question: What was the deadline for converstion to digital transmission from analogue?, answer: August 31, 2011 | question: How many of CBC's mandatory transmitters were updated before the deadline?, answer: only about half | question: Which two large metropolitan areas lost CBC and Radio-Canada broadcasts?, answer: London, Ontario (metropolitan area population 457,000) and Saskatoon, Saskatchewan (metro area population 257,000)

While local government in Ireland has limited powers in comparison with other countries, the council has responsibility for planning, roads, sanitation, libraries, street lighting, parks, and a number of other important functions. Cork City Council has 31 elected members representing six electoral wards. The members are affiliated to the following political parties: Fine Gael (5 members), Fianna Fáil (10 members), Sinn Féin (8 members), Anti-Austerity Alliance (3 members), Workers' Party (1 member), Independents (4 members). Certain councillors are co-opted to represent the city at the South-West Regional Authority. A new Lord Mayor of Cork is chosen in a vote by the elected members of the council under a D'Hondt system count.

question: Who takes care of roads and sanitation in Cork?, answer: local government | question: How many wards make up Cork?, answer: six electoral wards | question: What is the most well represented ward in Cork?, answer: Fianna Fáil (10 members) | question: Which party has the least amount of members?, answer: Workers' Party | question: How is a mayor chosen in Cork?, answer: vote by the elected members of the council under a D'Hondt system count

While many secular buildings exist from the Late Middle Ages, it is in the buildings of cathedrals and great churches that Gothic architecture displays its pertinent structures and characteristics to the fullest advantage. A Gothic cathedral or abbey was, prior to the 20th century, generally the landmark building in its town, rising high above all the domestic structures and often surmounted by one or more towers and pinnacles and perhaps tall spires. These cathedrals were the skyscrapers of that day and would have been the largest buildings by far that Europeans would ever have seen. It is in the architecture of these Gothic churches that a unique combination of existing technologies established the emergence of a new building style. Those technologies were the ogival or pointed arch, the ribbed vault, and the buttress.

question: What type of buildings most prominently display the design aspects of the Gothic architectural style?, answer: cathedrals and great churches | question: Prior to the 20th century, a Gothic cathedral was considered to be what type of building in the town in which it was constructed?, answer: the landmark building | question: What is another name for the pointed arch?, answer: the ogival | question: What is an example of architectural technology that is seen in Gothic construction?, answer: the ribbed vault | question: What is another example of architectural technology that is seen in Gothic construction?, answer: the buttress

While medieval pageants and festivals such as Corpus Christi were church-sanctioned, Carnival was also a manifestation of medieval folk culture. Many local Carnival customs are claimed to derive from local pre-Christian rituals, such as elaborate rites involving masked figures in the Swabian–Alemannic Fastnacht. However, evidence is insufficient to establish a direct origin from Saturnalia or other ancient festivals. No complete accounts of Saturnalia survive and the shared features of feasting, role reversals, temporary social equality, masks and permitted rule-breaking do not necessarily constitute a coherent festival or link these festivals. These similarities may represent a reservoir of cultural resources that can embody multiple meanings and functions. For example, Easter begins with the resurrection of Jesus, followed by a liminal period and ends with rebirth. Carnival reverses this as King Carnival comes to life, a liminal period follows before his death. Both feasts are calculated by the lunar calendar. Both Jesus and King Carnival may be seen as expiatory figures who make a gift to the people with their deaths. In the case of Jesus, the gift is eternal life in heaven and in the case of King Carnival, the acknowledgement that death is a necessary part of the cycle of life. Besides Christian anti-Judaism, the commonalities between church and Carnival rituals and imagery suggest a common root. Christ's passion is itself grotesque: Since early Christianity Christ is figured as the victim of summary judgement, is tortured and executed by Romans before a Jewish mob ("His blood is on us and on our children!" Matthew 27:24–25). Holy Week processions in Spain include crowds who vociferously insult the figure of Jesus. Irreverence, parody, degradation and laughter at a tragicomic effigy God can be seen as intensifications of the sacred order. In 1466, the Catholic Church under Pope Paul II revieved customs of the Saturnalia carnival: Jews were forced to race naked through the streets of the city of Rome. “Before they were to run, the Jews were richly fed, so as to make the race more difficult for them and at the same time more amusing for spectators. They ran… amid Rome’s taunting shrieks and peals of laughter, while the Holy Father stood upon a richly ornamented balcony and laughed heartily”, an eyewitness reports.

question: What is insufficient to establish a direct origin from ancient festivals to Carnival?, answer: evidence | question: What festival did no complete accounts describing survive?, answer: Saturnalia | question: How do both Jesus and King Carnival make a gift to the people?, answer: with their deaths | question: What is the gift of King Carnival?, answer: acknowledgement that death is a necessary part of the cycle of life | question: Who was forced to race naked through the streets of Rom by Pope Paul II?, answer: Jews

While most Hokkien morphemes have standard designated characters, they are not always etymological or phono-semantic. Similar-sounding, similar-meaning or rare characters are commonly borrowed or substituted to represent a particular morpheme. Examples include "beautiful" (美 bí is the literary form), whose vernacular morpheme suí is represented by characters like 媠 (an obsolete character), 婎 (a vernacular reading of this character) and even 水 (transliteration of the sound suí), or "tall" (高 ko is the literary form), whose morpheme kôan is 懸. Common grammatical particles are not exempt; the negation particle m̄ (not) is variously represented by 毋, 呣 or 唔, among others. In other cases, characters are invented to represent a particular morpheme (a common example is the character 𪜶 in, which represents the personal pronoun "they"). In addition, some characters have multiple and unrelated pronunciations, adapted to represent Hokkien words. For example, the Hokkien word bah ("meat") has been reduced to the character 肉, which has etymologically unrelated colloquial and literary readings (he̍k and jio̍k, respectively). Another case is the word 'to eat,' chia̍h, which is often transcribed in Taiwanese newspapers and media as 呷 (a Mandarin transliteration, xiā, to approximate the Hokkien term), even though its recommended character in dictionaries is 食.

question: Most Hokkein morphemes have what type of characters?, answer: standard designated | question: In some cases, charcters are invented to represent what?, answer: a particular morpheme | question: Hokkien morphemes are not always what?, answer: etymological or phono-semantic | question: What are often borrowed to represent a particular morpheme?, answer: Similar-sounding, similar-meaning or rare characters

While most artists became established in other formats before moving to adult contemporary, Michael Bublé and Josh Groban started out as AC artists. Throughout this decade, artists such as Nick Lachey, James Blunt, John Mayer, Bruno Mars, Jason Mraz, Kelly Clarkson, Adele, Clay Aiken and Susan Boyle have become successful thanks to a ballad heavy sound. Much as some hot AC and modern rock artists have crossed over into each other, so too has soft AC crossed with country music in this decade. Country musicians such as Faith Hill, Shania Twain, LeAnn Rimes and Carrie Underwood have had success on both charts.

question: Along with Josh Groban, what notable pop artist started out his career on adult contemporary radio?, answer: Michael Bublé | question: What sort of sound does the music of Susan Boyle have?, answer: ballad heavy | question: Along with Faith Hill, Shania Twain and LeAnn Rimes, what country artist has had adult contemporary hits?, answer: Carrie Underwood | question: What genre of music has soft AC found common ground with?, answer: country

While most of mainland Greece and the Aegean islands was under Ottoman control by the end of the 15th century, Cyprus and Crete remained Venetian territory and did not fall to the Ottomans until 1571 and 1670 respectively. The only part of the Greek-speaking world that escaped long-term Ottoman rule was the Ionian Islands, which remained Venetian until their capture by the First French Republic in 1797, then passed to the United Kingdom in 1809 until their unification with Greece in 1864.[page needed]

question: The Ottomans took which islands from the Venetians?, answer: Cyprus and Crete | question: In what year were the Ionian Islands captured by the French?, answer: 1797 | question: Who gained control of the Ionian Islands in 1809?, answer: United Kingdom | question: The Ottomans controlled what islands b y the end of the 15th century?, answer: Aegean islands | question: The Venetians had control of which two islands in the 15th century?, answer: Cyprus and Crete

While new characters can be easily coined by writing on paper, they are difficult to represent on a computer – they must generally be represented as a picture, rather than as text – which presents a significant barrier to their use or widespread adoption. Compare this with the use of symbols as names in 20th century musical albums such as Led Zeppelin IV (1971) and Love Symbol Album (1993); an album cover may potentially contain any graphics, but in writing and other computation these symbols are difficult to use.

question: What can be easily coined by writing on paper?, answer: characters | question: What has their been a prominent supply of in the 20th century?, answer: symbols | question: What can be difficult to represent on a computer?, answer: characters

While no other Timely character would achieve the success of these "big three", some notable heroes—many of which continue to appear in modern-day retcon appearances and flashbacks—include the Whizzer, Miss America, the Destroyer, the original Vision, and the Angel. Timely also published one of humor cartoonist Basil Wolverton's best-known features, "Powerhouse Pepper", as well as a line of children's funny-animal comics featuring popular characters like Super Rabbit and the duo Ziggy Pig and Silly Seal.

question: What cartoon humorist did some high profile stories for Marvel in the early years?, answer: Basil Wolverton | question: What was the name of the humorous feature penned by Wolverton?, answer: "Powerhouse Pepper" | question: What duo of kid-themed characters were featured in early Marvel issues?, answer: Ziggy Pig and Silly Seal | question: What early Marvel character may have been envisioned as a female counterpoint to Captain America?, answer: Miss America | question: The most popular early Marvel heroes were collectively and colloquially known as what?, answer: "big three"

While not in Oklahoma City proper, other large employers within the MSA region include: Tinker Air Force Base (27,000); University of Oklahoma (11,900); University of Central Oklahoma (2,900); and Norman Regional Hospital (2,800).

question: How many universities are within the MSA region?, answer: 2 | question: What hospital is in the MSA region, answer: Norman Regional Hospital | question: How many employees work for Tinker Air Force Base?, answer: 27,000 | question: How many employees work for Norman Regional Hospital?, answer: 2,800 | question: How many people work in University of Oklahoma?, answer: 11,900

While on one hand the Heian period was an unusually long period of peace, it can also be argued that the period weakened Japan economically and led to poverty for all but a tiny few of its inhabitants. The control of rice fields provided a key source of income for families such as the Fujiwara and were a fundamental base for their power. The aristocratic beneficiaries of Heian culture, the Ryōmin (良民 "Good People") numbered about five thousand in a land of perhaps five million. One reason the samurai were able to take power was that the ruling nobility proved incompetent at managing Japan and its provinces. By the year 1000 the government no longer knew how to issue currency and money was gradually disappearing. Instead of a fully realised system of money circulation, rice was the primary unit of exchange. The lack of a solid medium of economic exchange is implicitly illustrated in novels of the time. For instance, messengers were rewarded with useful objects, e.g., an old silk kimono, rather than paid a fee.

question: What crop was a primary source of income during the Heian period?, answer: rice | question: What was the name of the beneficiaries of Heian culture?, answer: Ryōmin | question: Currency gradually disappeared around what year?, answer: 1000 | question: What crop became the primary unit of exchange?, answer: rice

While on tour Madonna participated in the Raising Malawi initiative by partially funding an orphanage in and traveling to that country. While there, she decided to adopt a boy named David Banda in October 2006. The adoption raised strong public reaction, because Malawian law requires would-be parents to reside in Malawi for one year before adopting, which Madonna did not do. She addressed this on The Oprah Winfrey Show, saying that there were no written adoption laws in Malawi that regulated foreign adoption. She described how Banda had been suffering from pneumonia after surviving malaria and tuberculosis when she first met him. Banda's biological father, Yohane, commented, "These so-called human rights activists are harassing me every day, threatening me that I am not aware of what I am doing..... They want me to support their court case, a thing I cannot do for I know what I agreed with Madonna and her husband." The adoption was finalized in May 2008.

question: What was the charity that Madonna was involved in when in Malawi?, answer: Raising Malawi initiative | question: When did Madonna adopt David Banda?, answer: October 2006 | question: What was Banda suffering from when Madonna first met him?, answer: pneumonia | question: What was the name of Banda's biological father?, answer: Yohane | question: When was the adoption finalized?, answer: May 2008

While other companies were moving on to 32-bit systems, Rare and Nintendo proved that the SNES was still a strong contender in the market. In November 1994, Rare released Donkey Kong Country, a platform game featuring 3D models and textures pre-rendered on SGI workstations. With its detailed graphics, fluid animation and high-quality music, Donkey Kong Country rivaled the aesthetic quality of games that were being released on newer 32-bit CD-based consoles. In the last 45 days of 1994, the game sold 6.1 million units, making it the fastest-selling video game in history to that date. This game sent a message that early 32-bit systems had little to offer over the SNES, and helped make way for the more advanced consoles on the horizon.

question: Which company developed Donkey Kong Country?, answer: Rare | question: How many copies of Donkey Kong Country were sold in its first 45 days?, answer: 6.1 million | question: What kind of computers were Donkey Kong Country's graphics rendered on?, answer: SGI workstations | question: How did Donkey Kong Country's quality compare to games on newer consoles?, answer: detailed graphics, fluid animation and high-quality music | question: When was Donkey Kong Country released?, answer: November 1994

While outer space provides the most rarefied example of a naturally occurring partial vacuum, the heavens were originally thought to be seamlessly filled by a rigid indestructible material called aether. Borrowing somewhat from the pneuma of Stoic physics, aether came to be regarded as the rarefied air from which it took its name, (see Aether (mythology)). Early theories of light posited a ubiquitous terrestrial and celestial medium through which light propagated. Additionally, the concept informed Isaac Newton's explanations of both refraction and of radiant heat. 19th century experiments into this luminiferous aether attempted to detect a minute drag on the Earth's orbit. While the Earth does, in fact, move through a relatively dense medium in comparison to that of interstellar space, the drag is so minuscule that it could not be detected. In 1912, astronomer Henry Pickering commented: "While the interstellar absorbing medium may be simply the ether, [it] is characteristic of a gas, and free gaseous molecules are certainly there".

question: What was originally believed the heavens were filled with?, answer: aether | question: Why were experiments done on luminiferous aether in the 19 Century?, answer: "While the interstellar absorbing medium may be simply the ether, [it] is characteris | question: Who stated that the character of a gas and free molecule were in ether?, answer: Henry Pickering | question: Where are the highest amounts of naturally occurring partial vacuums?, answer: outer space | question: What was ether originally thought to be made of?, answer: rigid indestructible material

While performing as a backup singer and dancer for the French disco artist Patrick Hernandez on his 1979 world tour, Madonna became romantically involved with musician Dan Gilroy. Together, they formed her first rock band, the Breakfast Club, for which Madonna sang and played drums and guitar. In 1980 or 1981 she left Breakfast Club and, with her former boyfriend Stephen Bray as drummer, formed the band Emmy. The two began writing songs together, and Madonna later decided to market herself as a solo act. Their music impressed DJ and record producer Mark Kamins who arranged a meeting between Madonna and Sire Records founder Seymour Stein.

question: Which year was Patrick Hernandez's world tour held?, answer: 1979 | question: Who did Madonna started seeing when she worked as a back up singer/dancer during Patrick Hernandez's tour?, answer: Dan Gilroy | question: What was the name of the band which Madonna and Dan Gilroy started?, answer: Breakfast Club | question: When did Madonna leave the Breakfast Club?, answer: 1980 or 1981 | question: After leaving the Breakfast Club, who did she formed the band Emmy with?, answer: Stephen Bray

While pro wrestling is often described simplistically as a "soap opera for males", it has also been cited as filling the role of past forms of literature and theatre; a synthesis of classical heroics, commedia dell'arte, revenge tragedies, morality plays, and burlesque. The characters and storylines portrayed by a successful promotion are seen to reflect the current mood, attitudes, and concerns of that promotion's society (and can, in turn, influence those same things). Wrestling's high levels of violence and masculinity make it a vicarious outlet for aggression during peacetime.

question: What is wrestling sometimes called?, answer: "soap opera for males" | question: What is wrestling to people during a peaceful time?, answer: vicarious outlet for aggression | question: What role does wrestling fill?, answer: past forms of literature and theatre;

While pursuing his PhD at Princeton, Feynman married his high school sweetheart, Arline Greenbaum (often misspelled "Arlene"), despite the knowledge that she was seriously ill with tuberculosis—an incurable disease at the time. She died in 1945. In 1946, Feynman wrote a letter to her, expressing his deep love and heartbreak, that he kept for the rest of his life. ("Please excuse my not mailing this," the letter concluded, "but I don't know your new address.") This portion of Feynman's life was portrayed in the 1996 film Infinity, which featured Feynman's daughter, Michelle, in a cameo role.

question: Who was Feynman's wife?, answer: Arline Greenbaum | question: Which disease did Arline succumb to?, answer: tuberculosis | question: In which year did his wife die?, answer: 1945 | question: Who played a cameo in a film about Feynman?, answer: Feynman's daughter, Michelle | question: What was the name of the film that showed Feynman's life?, answer: Infinity

While royal assent has not been withheld in the United Kingdom since 1708, it has often been withheld in British colonies and former colonies by governors acting on royal instructions. In the United States Declaration of Independence, colonists complained that George III "has refused his Assent to Laws, the most wholesome and necessary for the public good [and] has forbidden his Governors to pass Laws of immediate and pressing importance, unless suspended in their operation till his Assent should be obtained; and when so suspended, he has utterly neglected to attend to them." Even after colonies such as Canada, Australia, New Zealand, the Union of South Africa, and Newfoundland were granted responsible government, the British government continued to sometimes advise governors-general on the granting of assent; assent was also occasionally reserved to allow the British government to examine a bill before advising the governor-general.

question: Which year was royal assent last withheld in the UK?, answer: 1708 | question: The United States Declaration of Independence mentions which British monarch?, answer: George III | question: What did the American colonies accuse the monarch of?, answer: refused his Assent to Laws | question: In what year was royal assent last witheld in the UK?, answer: 1708 | question: Who continued to advise governors-general of granting of assent, even after their colonies had responsible government?, answer: the British government | question: To whom did the British government occasionally still advice on the royal assent, although they had their own responsible governments?, answer: colonies such as Canada, Australia, New Zealand, the Union of South Africa, and Newfoundland

While short-term memory encodes information acoustically, long-term memory encodes it semantically: Baddeley (1966) discovered that, after 20 minutes, test subjects had the most difficulty recalling a collection of words that had similar meanings (e.g. big, large, great, huge) long-term. Another part of long-term memory is episodic memory, "which attempts to capture information such as 'what', 'when' and 'where'". With episodic memory, individuals are able to recall specific events such as birthday parties and weddings.

question: How does short term memory encode information?, answer: acoustically | question: What did Baddeleys test subjects have touble doing?, answer: recalling a collection of words that had similar meanings | question: How does long term memory encode information?, answer: semantically | question: What is episodic memory?, answer: "which attempts to capture information such as 'what', 'when' and 'where' | question: If someone where to recall a wedding they had went to a year before, which type of memory would be used?, answer: episodic memory,

While slaveholding was slightly less concentrated than in some Southern states, according to the 1860 census, more than 330,000 people, or 33% of the population of 992,622, were enslaved African Americans. They lived and worked chiefly on plantations in the eastern Tidewater. In addition, 30,463 free people of color lived in the state. They were also concentrated in the eastern coastal plain, especially at port cities such as Wilmington and New Bern, where a variety of jobs were available. Free African Americans were allowed to vote until 1835, when the state revoked their suffrage in restrictions following the slave rebellion of 1831 led by Nat Turner. Southern slave codes criminalized willful killing of a slave in most cases.

question: In 1860, what percent of the North Carolina population were slaves?, answer: 33 | question: Where were most of the slaves in North Carolina located?, answer: eastern Tidewater | question: What type of land did the slaves live on?, answer: plantations | question: How many free people of color lived in NC in 1860?, answer: 30,463 | question: Where were the free people of color located in north carolina in 1860?, answer: eastern coastal plain

While some birds are essentially territorial or live in small family groups, other birds may form large flocks. The principal benefits of flocking are safety in numbers and increased foraging efficiency. Defence against predators is particularly important in closed habitats like forests, where ambush predation is common and multiple eyes can provide a valuable early warning system. This has led to the development of many mixed-species feeding flocks, which are usually composed of small numbers of many species; these flocks provide safety in numbers but increase potential competition for resources. Costs of flocking include bullying of socially subordinate birds by more dominant birds and the reduction of feeding efficiency in certain cases.

question: What are the principal benefits of flocking?, answer: safety in numbers and increased foraging efficiency | question: What is a cost of flocking?, answer: bullying of socially subordinate birds by more dominant birds | question: What is particularly important in closed habitats like forests?, answer: Defence against predators

While some commentators have called for the relocation of Tuvalu's population to Australia, New Zealand or Kioa in Fiji, in 2006 Maatia Toafa (Prime Minister from 2004–2006) said his government did not regard rising sea levels as such a threat that the entire population would need to be evacuated. In 2013 Enele Sopoaga, the prime minister of Tuvalu, said that relocating Tuvaluans to avoid the impact of sea level rise "should never be an option because it is self defeating in itself. For Tuvalu I think we really need to mobilise public opinion in the Pacific as well as in the [rest of] world to really talk to their lawmakers to please have some sort of moral obligation and things like that to do the right thing."

question: What do some people want to do with the people of Tuvalu?, answer: relocation | question: What did the Tuvalu Prime Minster say was not enough of an immediate threat to cause evacuation of the population?, answer: rising sea levels | question: When did Prime Minster Maatia Toafa make his comments about not evacuating Tuvalu?, answer: 2006 | question: What did Enele Sopoaga think evacuation of the people should be?, answer: never be an option

While some teams have enjoyed considerable on-field and even financial success, many teams in the history of the league have enjoyed little success either on or off of the field of play. There are a number of franchises which existed in the form of a number of largely-unrelated teams under numerous management groups until they folded (an example is the New York CityHawks whose owners transferred the team from New York to Hartford to become the New England Sea Wolves after two seasons, then after another two seasons were sold and became the Toronto Phantoms, who lasted another two seasons until folding). There are a number of reasons why these teams failed, including financially weak ownership groups, lack of deep financial support from some owners otherwise capable of providing it, lack of media exposure, and the host city's evident lack of interest in its team or the sport as a whole.

question: What team did the New York CityHawks become after moving to Hartford?, answer: New England Sea Wolves | question: What city did the Sea Wolves move to?, answer: Toronto | question: How many seasons were the CityHawks in New York?, answer: two | question: How long did the Sea Wolves stay in Hartford?, answer: two seasons | question: How many seasons did the Toronto Phantoms last?, answer: two

While some, like Spencer, used analogy from natural selection as an argument against government intervention in the economy to benefit the poor, others, including Alfred Russel Wallace, argued that action was needed to correct social and economic inequities to level the playing field before natural selection could improve humanity further. Some political commentaries, including Walter Bagehot's Physics and Politics (1872), attempted to extend the idea of natural selection to competition between nations and between human races. Such ideas were incorporated into what was already an ongoing effort by some working in anthropology to provide scientific evidence for the superiority of Caucasians over non white races and justify European imperialism. Historians write that most such political and economic commentators had only a superficial understanding of Darwin's scientific theory, and were as strongly influenced by other concepts about social progress and evolution, such as the Lamarckian ideas of Spencer and Haeckel, as they were by Darwin's work. Darwin objected to his ideas being used to justify military aggression and unethical business practices as he believed morality was part of fitness in humans, and he opposed polygenism, the idea that human races were fundamentally distinct and did not share a recent common ancestry.

question: Who believed that action needed to be taken to level out the social and economic playing field before natural selection could occur to improve humanity?, answer: Alfred Russel Wallace | question: Which political commentary attempted to widen the idea of natural selection to include competition between different races of people and countries?, answer: Walter Bagehot's Physics and Politics (1872) | question: Why were some political commentaries attempting to attach natural selection to human races?, answer: to provide scientific evidence for the superiority of Caucasians over non white races and justify European imperialism | question: What uses of his ideology did Darwin object to being used?, answer: to justify military aggression and unethical business practices | question: What theory about humanity did Darwin oppose?, answer: he opposed polygenism, the idea that human races were fundamentally distinct and did not share a recent common ancestry.

While still a student, he was offered a small unpaid intern job at Universal Studios with the editing department. He was later given the opportunity to make a short film for theatrical release, the 26-minute, 35mm, Amblin', which he wrote and directed. Studio vice president Sidney Sheinberg was impressed by the film, which had won a number of awards, and offered Spielberg a seven-year directing contract. It made him the youngest director ever to be signed for a long-term deal with a major Hollywood studio.:548 He subsequently dropped out of college to begin professionally directing TV productions with Universal.

question: What job was SPielberg offered when he was a student?, answer: Universal Studios | question: Who offered Spielberg a contract at Universal Studios?, answer: Sidney Sheinberg | question: What short film did Spielberg make for theatrical release?, answer: Amblin | question: What did Steven Spielberg do to begin directing TV prouctions for Universal?, answer: dropped out of college | question: How did Sidney Sheinberg feel about the film "Amblin'", answer: impressed | question: What studio gave Spielberg an unpaid internship?, answer: Universal Studios | question: What department did Spielberg have an unpaid internship with?, answer: editing | question: How long was 'Amblin'?, answer: 26-minute | question: What was Sidney Sheinberg's position with Universal?, answer: vice president | question: How long of a contract did Sheinberg give Spielberg?, answer: seven-year

While successful predation results in a gain of energy, hunting invariably involves energetic costs as well. When hunger is not an issue, in general most predators will not seek to attack prey since the costs outweigh the benefits. For instance, a large predatory fish like a shark that is well fed in an aquarium will typically ignore the smaller fish swimming around it (while the prey fish take advantage of the fact that the apex predator is apparently uninterested). Surplus killing represents a deviation from this type of behaviour. The treatment of consumption in terms of cost-benefit analysis is known as optimal foraging theory, and has been quite successful in the study of animal behavior. In general, costs and benefits are considered in energy gain per unit time, though other factors are also important, such as essential nutrients that have no caloric value but are necessary for survival and health.

question: What makes predation successful?, answer: gain of energy | question: Treating the hunt as a cost-benefit scenario is referred to a what?, answer: optimal foraging theory | question: In optimal foraging theory, how are costs and benefits measured?, answer: energy gain per unit time

While technically referring to the era before Christopher Columbus' voyages of 1492 to 1504, in practice the term usually includes the history of American indigenous cultures until Europeans either conquered or significantly influenced them, even if this happened decades or even centuries after Columbus' initial landing. "Pre-Columbian" is used especially often in the context of discussing the great indigenous civilizations of the Americas, such as those of Mesoamerica (the Olmec, the Toltec, the Teotihuacano, the Zapotec, the Mixtec, the Aztec, and the Maya civilizations) and those of the Andes (Inca Empire, Moche culture, Muisca Confederation, Cañaris).

question: The term Pre-Columbian technically refers to which era?, answer: before Christopher Columbus' voyages of 1492 | question: When was Columbus' first voyage?, answer: 1492 | question: In practice, Pre-Columbian refers to the history of the indigenous cultures of America prior to Europeans doing what to them?, answer: conquered or significantly influenced | question: What term is used most often when discussing the great civilizations of the Americas?, answer: "Pre-Columbian" | question: What area of the Americas did the Inca Empire, Moche culture and Muisca confederation hail from?, answer: Andes

While textual criticism developed into a discipline of thorough analysis of the Bible — both the Hebrew Bible and the New Testament — scholars also use it to determine the original content of classic texts, such as Plato's Republic. There are far fewer witnesses to classical texts than to the Bible, so scholars can use stemmatics and, in some cases, copy text editing. However, unlike the New Testament where the earliest witnesses are within 200 years of the original, the earliest existing manuscripts of most classical texts were written about a millennium after their composition. All things being equal, textual scholars expect that a larger time gap between an original and a manuscript means more changes in the text.

question: Does the Bible or Plato's Republic have more witnesses?, answer: There are far fewer witnesses to classical texts than to the Bible | question: What's the gap between original Christian texts and subsequent editions of the same works?, answer: within 200 years | question: What's the gap between original classical texts and subsequent editions of the same works?, answer: about a millennium after their composition | question: How does the expanse of time correlate to authenticity with regard to original and subsequent versions of texts?, answer: a larger time gap between an original and a manuscript means more changes in the text.

While the Armenian Apostolic Church remains the most prominent church in the Armenian community throughout the world, Armenians (especially in the diaspora) subscribe to any number of other Christian denominations. These include the Armenian Catholic Church (which follows its own liturgy but recognizes the Roman Catholic Pope), the Armenian Evangelical Church, which started as a reformation in the Mother church but later broke away, and the Armenian Brotherhood Church, which was born in the Armenian Evangelical Church, but later broke apart from it. There are other numerous Armenian churches belonging to Protestant denominations of all kinds.

question: Which Armenian church recognizes the Pope?, answer: Armenian Catholic Church | question: What broke away from the Armenian Apostolic Church?, answer: Armenian Evangelical Church | question: Which Armenian church is the most popular in Armenia?, answer: Armenian Apostolic Church | question: What broke away from the Armenian Evangelical Church?, answer: Armenian Brotherhood Church

While the Baptists in total (counting both blacks and whites) have maintained the majority in this part of the country (known as the Bible Belt), the population in North Carolina practices a wide variety of faiths, including Judaism, Islam, Baha'i, Buddhism, and Hinduism. As of 2010 the Southern Baptist Church was the biggest denomination, with 4,241 churches and 1,513,000 members; the second largest was the United Methodist Church, with 660,000 members and 1,923 churches. The third was the Roman Catholic Church, with 428,000 members in 190 congregations. The fourth greatest was the Presbyterian Church (USA), with 186,000 members and 710 congregations; this denomination was brought by Scots-Irish immigrants who settled the backcountry in the colonial era.

question: What is the religious name given to the part of the country that includes the Carolinas?, answer: Bible Belt | question: What religion holds the majority in the Bible Belt?, answer: Baptists | question: What was the largest denomination in North Carolina in 2010?, answer: Southern Baptist | question: What was the second largest denomination in North carolina in 2010?, answer: United Methodist Church | question: What was the third largest denomination in North carolina in 2010?, answer: Roman Catholic

While the Big Bang model is well established in cosmology, it is likely to be refined in the future. Little is known about the earliest moments of the universe's history. The Penrose–Hawking singularity theorems require the existence of a singularity at the beginning of cosmic time. However, these theorems assume that general relativity is correct, but general relativity must break down before the universe reaches the Planck temperature, and a correct treatment of quantum gravity may avoid the singularity.

question: The Big Bang model is solidly established in what?, answer: cosmology | question: How much is known about the early states of the universe?, answer: i | question: Which theorems require the existence of a singularity at the beginning of time?, answer: The Penrose–Hawking singularity theorems | question: These theorems have to assume what theory is correct?, answer: general relativity | question: These theorems state that general relatively must break down before what?, answer: before the universe reaches the Planck temperature

While the Concordat restored much power to the papacy, the balance of church-state relations had tilted firmly in Napoleon's favour. He selected the bishops and supervised church finances. Napoleon and the pope both found the Concordat useful. Similar arrangements were made with the Church in territories controlled by Napoleon, especially Italy and Germany. Now, Napoleon could win favor with the Catholics while also controlling Rome in a political sense. Napoleon said in April 1801, "Skillful conquerors have not got entangled with priests. They can both contain them and use them." French children were issued a catechism that taught them to love and respect Napoleon.

question: The Concodat restored significant power to what position?, answer: the papacy | question: Despite the Concordat, the balance of the relationship between the church and state had swung in whose favor?, answer: Napoleon's | question: Other than Napoleon, who else found the Concordat to be of use?, answer: the pope | question: The children of France were given a catechism that taught them to love and respect whom?, answer: Napoleon | question: In what year did Napoleon say that skilled rulers were able to both control and use priests?, answer: 1801

While the Downtown and New Center areas contain high-rise buildings, the majority of the surrounding city consists of low-rise structures and single-family homes. Outside of the city's core, residential high-rises are found in upper-class neighborhoods such as the East Riverfront extending toward Grosse Pointe and the Palmer Park neighborhood just west of Woodward. The University Commons-Palmer Park district in northwest Detroit, near the University of Detroit Mercy and Marygrove College, anchors historic neighborhoods including Palmer Woods, Sherwood Forest, and the University District.

question: What areas of Detroit contain high rises?, answer: Downtown and New Center | question: What is the neighborhood just west of Woodward?, answer: Palmer Park | question: What type of neighborhood is Sherwood Forest?, answer: historic

While the Federal District was ruled by the federal government through an appointed governor, the municipalities within it were autonomous, and this duality of powers created tension between the municipalities and the federal government for more than a century. In 1903, Porfirio Díaz largely reduced the powers of the municipalities within the Federal District. Eventually, in December 1928, the federal government decided to abolish all the municipalities of the Federal District. In place of the municipalities, the Federal District was divided into one "Central Department" and 13 delegaciones (boroughs) administered directly by the government of the Federal District. The Central Department was integrated by the former municipalities of Mexico City, Tacuba, Tacubaya and Mixcoac.

question: When were the powers of the municipalities of Mexico City first reduced?, answer: 1903 | question: When was the autonomy of the municipalities eliminated?, answer: 1928 | question: How many boroughs did the city consist of when they were first established?, answer: 13 | question: Who first reduced the power of the municipalities of Mexico City?, answer: Porfirio Díaz | question: Who led Mexico City?, answer: an appointed governor

While the French army under General MacMahon engaged the German 3rd Army at the Battle of Wörth, the German 1st Army under Steinmetz finished their advance west from Saarbrücken. A patrol from the German 2nd Army under Prince Friedrich Karl of Prussia spotted decoy fires close and Frossard's army farther off on a distant plateau south of the town of Spicheren, and took this as a sign of Frossard's retreat. Ignoring Moltke's plan again, both German armies attacked Frossard's French 2nd Corps, fortified between Spicheren and Forbach.

question: Who commanded the French army at the battle of Worth?, answer: General MacMahon | question: Which German divisison did MacMahon engage?, answer: German 3rd Army | question: Who commanded the German 1st Army?, answer: Steinmetz | question: What did a German patrol spot that led them to believe that Frossard had retreated?, answer: decoy fires | question: Whose plan did German armies ignore in attacking Frossard?, answer: Moltke's

While the Philippines is generally considered a civil law nation, its Supreme Court is heavily modelled after the American Supreme Court. This can be attributed to the fact that the Philippines was colonized by both Spain and the United States, and the system of laws of both nations strongly influenced the development of Philippine laws and jurisprudence. Even as the body of Philippine laws remain mostly codified, the Philippine Civil Code expressly recognizes that decisions of the Supreme Court "form part of the law of the land", belonging to the same class as statutes. The 1987 Philippine Constitution also explicitly grants to the Supreme Court the power of judicial review over laws and executive actions. The Supreme Court is composed of 1 Chief Justice and 14 Associate Justices. The court sits either en banc or in divisions, depending on the nature of the case to be decided.

question: What type of legal system is the Philippines officially?, answer: a civil law nation | question: The high court in The Philippines is modeled after what judicial body?, answer: the American Supreme Court | question: What document grants the Philippines Supreme Court the right of judicial review?, answer: 1987 Philippine Constitution | question: How many justices make up the Philippines Supreme Court?, answer: 1 Chief Justice and 14 Associate Justices | question: When all judges of a court hear a case at once it is called?, answer: en banc

While the Suez Crisis caused British power in the Middle East to weaken, it did not collapse. Britain again deployed its armed forces to the region, intervening in Oman (1957), Jordan (1958) and Kuwait (1961), though on these occasions with American approval, as the new Prime Minister Harold Macmillan's foreign policy was to remain firmly aligned with the United States. Britain maintained a military presence in the Middle East for another decade. In January 1968, a few weeks after the devaluation of the pound, Prime Minister Harold Wilson and his Defence Secretary Denis Healey announced that British troops would be withdrawn from major military bases East of Suez, which included the ones in the Middle East, and primarily from Malaysia and Singapore. The British withdrew from Aden in 1967, Bahrain in 1971, and Maldives in 1976.

question: When did Britain withdraw from Aden?, answer: 1967 | question: When did Britain withdraw from Bahrain?, answer: 1971 | question: When did Britain withdraw from the Maldives?, answer: 1976 | question: Who was Harold Wilson's Defense Secretary?, answer: Denis Healey | question: Where did Britain's army attack in 1961?, answer: Kuwait

While the Umayyads and the Hashimites may have had bitterness between the two clans before Muhammad, the rivalry turned into a severe case of tribal animosity after the Battle of Badr. The battle saw three top leaders of the Umayyad clan (Utba ibn Rabi'ah, Walid ibn Utbah and Shaybah) killed by Hashimites (Ali, Hamza ibn ‘Abd al-Muttalib and Ubaydah ibn al-Harith) in a three-on-three melee. This fueled the opposition of Abu Sufyan ibn Harb, the grandson of Umayya, to Muhammad and to Islam. Abu Sufyan sought to exterminate the adherents of the new religion by waging another battle with Muslims based in Medina only a year after the Battle of Badr. He did this to avenge the defeat at Badr. The Battle of Uhud is generally believed by scholars to be the first defeat for the Muslims, as they had incurred greater losses than the Meccans. After the battle, Abu Sufyan's wife Hind, who was also the daughter of Utba ibn Rabi'ah, is reported to have cut open the corpse of Hamza, taking out his liver which she then attempted to eat. Within five years after his defeat in the Battle of Uhud, however, Muhammad took control of Mecca and announced a general amnesty for all. Abu Sufyan and his wife Hind embraced Islam on the eve of the conquest of Mecca, as did their son (the future caliph Muawiyah I).

question: How many top leaders of the Umayyads were killed in the Battle of Badr?, answer: three | question: Who was the son of Abu Sufyan?, answer: Muawiyah I | question: Who did the Umayyads fight in the Battle of Badr?, answer: Hashimites | question: What do historians see as the first military defeat of Islam?, answer: Battle of Uhud | question: Who was the spouse of Abu Sufyan?, answer: Hind

While the Warsaw Pact was established as a balance of power or counterweight to NATO, there was no direct confrontation between them. Instead, the conflict was fought on an ideological basis. Both NATO and the Warsaw Pact led to the expansion of military forces and their integration into the respective blocs. The Warsaw Pact's largest military engagement was Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia (with the participation of all Pact nations except Romania and Albania). The Pact failed to function when the Revolutions of 1989 spread through Eastern Europe, beginning with the Solidarity movement in Poland and its success in June 1989.

question: Which organization was in direct competition with the Warsaw Pact?, answer: NATO | question: Which nation saw the most significant Warsaw Pact military deployment?, answer: Czechoslovakia | question: What was the name of the Polish revolutionary movement which the Warsaw Pact failed to suppress?, answer: Solidarity | question: Which country saw the largest Warsaw Pact deployment?, answer: Czechoslovakia | question: In which year did the Warsaw Pact cease to function effectively?, answer: 1989 | question: What was the name of the Polish labor movement which successfully defied the Warsaw Pact?, answer: Solidarity

While the book was readable enough to sell, its dryness ensured that it was seen as aimed at specialist scientists and could not be dismissed as mere journalism or imaginative fiction. Unlike the still-popular Vestiges, it avoided the narrative style of the historical novel and cosmological speculation, though the closing sentence clearly hinted at cosmic progression. Darwin had long been immersed in the literary forms and practices of specialist science, and made effective use of his skills in structuring arguments. David Quammen has described the book as written in everyday language for a wide audience, but noted that Darwin's literary style was uneven: in some places he used convoluted sentences that are difficult to read, while in other places his writing was beautiful. Quammen advised that later editions were weakened by Darwin making concessions and adding details to address his critics, and recommended the first edition. James T. Costa said that because the book was an abstract produced in haste in response to Wallace's essay, it was more approachable than the big book on natural selection Darwin had been working on, which would have been encumbered by scholarly footnotes and much more technical detail. He added that some parts of Origin are dense, but other parts are almost lyrical, and the case studies and observations are presented in a narrative style unusual in serious scientific books, which broadened its audience.

question: What reason did David Quammen believe that On the Origin of Species was weakened in later editions?, answer: Darwin making concessions and adding details to address his critics | question: Why did James T. Costa think that On the Origin of Species was more likely to draw interest than a larger book that Darwin had been working on?, answer: because the book was an abstract produced in haste in response to Wallace's essay | question: What did On Origin of Species avoid in order to raise its chance of being taken seriously?, answer: it avoided the narrative style of the historical novel and cosmological speculation | question: What element of On the Origin of Species ensured that the book would be taken seriously by scientists?, answer: its dryness ensured that it was seen as aimed at specialist scientists and could not be dismissed as mere journalism or imaginative fiction. | question: Why did James T. Costa think the larger, abandoned book would not have been as successful?, answer: would have been encumbered by scholarly footnotes and much more technical detail

While the churches eventually worked out their differences and came to an initial agreement, both Nicholas I of Russia and Napoleon III refused to back down. Nicholas issued an ultimatum that the Orthodox subjects of the Empire be placed under his protection. Britain attempted to mediate, and arranged a compromise that Nicholas agreed to. When the Ottomans demanded changes, Nicholas refused and prepared for war. Having obtained promises of support from France and Britain, the Ottomans officially declared war on Russia in October 1853.

question: Which two figures refused to back down after the churches worked out their disagreements?, answer: Nicholas I of Russia and Napoleon III | question: Who wanted the Orthodox subjects to be placed under their protection?, answer: Nicholas | question: Who arranged the compromise that Nicholas agreed to?, answer: Britain | question: Who demanded the changes that Nicholas later refused?, answer: Ottomans | question: What month did the Ottomans declare war on Russia?, answer: October

While the decision (with four dissents) ultimately upheld the state law allowing the funding of transportation of students to religious schools, the majority opinion (by Justice Hugo Black) and the dissenting opinions (by Justice Wiley Blount Rutledge and Justice Robert H. Jackson) each explicitly stated that the Constitution has erected a "wall between church and state" or a "separation of Church from State": their disagreement was limited to whether this case of state funding of transportation to religious schools breached that wall. Rutledge, on behalf of the four dissenting justices, took the position that the majority had indeed permitted a violation of the wall of separation in this case: "Neither so high nor so impregnable today as yesterday is the wall raised between church and state by Virginia's great statute of religious freedom and the First Amendment, now made applicable to all the states by the Fourteenth." Writing separately, Justice Jackson argued that "[T]here are no good grounds upon which to support the present legislation. In fact, the undertones of the opinion, advocating complete and uncompromising separation of Church from State, seem utterly discordant with its conclusion yielding support to their commingling in educational matters."

question: What did the decision ultimately uphold?, answer: state law | question: What was the state allowed to continue to fund?, answer: transportation of students to religious schools | question: What did both the majority and dissenting opinions reiterate?, answer: that the Constitution has erected a "wall between church and state" | question: What was the disagreement between the Justices over whether funding breached what?, answer: that wall | question: What did Justice Jackson argue there were no grounds upon which to support what?, answer: the present legislation

While the distribution of Somalis per country in Europe is hard to measure because the Somali community on the continent has grown so quickly in recent years, an official 2010 estimate reported 108,000 Somalis living in the United Kingdom. Somalis in Britain are largely concentrated in the cities of London, Sheffield, Bristol, Birmingham, Cardiff, Liverpool, Manchester, Leeds, and Leicester, with London alone accounting for roughly 78% of Britain's Somali population. There are also significant Somali communities in Sweden: 57,906 (2014); the Netherlands: 37,432 (2014); Norway: 38,413 (2015); Denmark: 18,645 (2014); and Finland: 16,721 (2014).

question: About how many Somalis live in the UK?, answer: 108,000 | question: What percentage of Somalis living in Britain reside in London?, answer: 78% | question: As of 2014, how many Somalis lived in Sweden?, answer: 57,906 | question: In 2014, how many Somalis resided in Norway?, answer: 38,413 | question: How many Somalis lived in Finland as of 2014?, answer: 16,721

While the majority of flowers are perfect or hermaphrodite (having both pollen and ovule producing parts in the same flower structure), flowering plants have developed numerous morphological and physiological mechanisms to reduce or prevent self-fertilization. Heteromorphic flowers have short carpels and long stamens, or vice versa, so animal pollinators cannot easily transfer pollen to the pistil (receptive part of the carpel). Homomorphic flowers may employ a biochemical (physiological) mechanism called self-incompatibility to discriminate between self and non-self pollen grains. In other species, the male and female parts are morphologically separated, developing on different flowers.

question: What sexual feature do a majority of flowers demonstrate?, answer: hermaphrodite | question: Why did flowering plants develop numerous morphological and physiological mechanisms?, answer: reduce or prevent self-fertilization | question: Why are a heteromorphic flower's carpels and stamens different lengths?, answer: so animal pollinators cannot easily transfer pollen to the pistil | question: What type of mechanism might homomorphic flowers use to tell the difference between foreign and self pollen grains?, answer: biochemical | question: How are some male and female parts separated for some species?, answer: different flowers

While the new plebeian nobility made social, political and religious inroads on traditionally patrician preserves, their electorate maintained their distinctive political traditions and religious cults. During the Punic crisis, popular cult to Dionysus emerged from southern Italy; Dionysus was equated with Father Liber, the inventor of plebeian augury and personification of plebeian freedoms, and with Roman Bacchus. Official consternation at these enthusiastic, unofficial Bacchanalia cults was expressed as moral outrage at their supposed subversion, and was followed by ferocious suppression. Much later, a statue of Marsyas, the silen of Dionysus flayed by Apollo, became a focus of brief symbolic resistance to Augustus' censorship. Augustus himself claimed the patronage of Venus and Apollo; but his settlement appealed to all classes. Where loyalty was implicit, no divine hierarchy need be politically enforced; Liber's festival continued.

question: What did the patrician electorate keep in spite of a new plebeian nobility?, answer: political traditions and religious cults | question: What cult arrived from southern Italy?, answer: Dionysus | question: During what time did the Dionysus cult become popular?, answer: Punic crisis | question: To what Roman god was Dionysus similar?, answer: Bacchus | question: With loyalty a necessity, what censorship did not need to be enforced?, answer: divine hierarchy

While the new technique of polyphony was developing in the West, the Eastern Orthodox Church resisted any type of change. Therefore, Byzantine music remained monophonic and without any form of instrumental accompaniment. As a result, and despite certain attempts by certain Greek chanters (such as Manouel Gazis, Ioannis Plousiadinos or the Cypriot Ieronimos o Tragoudistis), Byzantine music was deprived of elements of which in the West encouraged an unimpeded development of art. However, this method which kept music away from polyphony, along with centuries of continuous culture, enabled monophonic music to develop to the greatest heights of perfection. Byzantium presented the monophonic Byzantine chant; a melodic treasury of inestimable value for its rhythmical variety and expressive power.

question: The Eastern Orthodox Church resisted what change in music?, answer: polyphony | question: Music without any form of instrumental accompaniment is known as what?, answer: monophonic | question: One type of music derived from Byzantine is called what?, answer: Byzantine chant

While the original Xbox sold poorly in Japan, selling just 2 million units while it was on the market (between 2002 and 2005),[citation needed] the Xbox 360 sold even more poorly, selling only 1.5 million units from 2005 to 2011. Edge magazine reported in August 2011 that initially lackluster and subsequently falling sales in Japan, where Microsoft had been unable to make serious inroads into the dominance of domestic rivals Sony and Nintendo, had led to retailers scaling down and in some cases discontinuing sales of the Xbox 360 completely.

question: How did the original Xbox fare in Japan in general?, answer: sold poorly | question: How many original Xboxes were sold in Japan between 2002 and 2005?, answer: 2 million units | question: Between 2005 and 2011, how many 360 consoles were sold in Japan?, answer: 1.5 million units | question: What two console manufacturers dominate the Japanese market?, answer: Sony and Nintendo | question: Lackluster sales caused Japanese retailers to take what action with the 360?, answer: scaling down and in some cases discontinuing sales

While the republican government was amenable to war reparations or ceding colonial territories in Africa or in South East Asia to Prussia, Favre on behalf of the Government of National Defense, declared on 6 September that France would not "yield an inch of its territory nor a stone of its fortresses." The republic then renewed the declaration of war, called for recruits in all parts of the country and pledged to drive the German troops out of France by a guerre à outrance. Under these circumstances, the Germans had to continue the war, yet could not pin down any proper military opposition in their vicinity. As the bulk of the remaining French armies were digging-in near Paris, the German leaders decided to put pressure upon the enemy by attacking Paris. By September 15, German troops reached the outskirts of the fortified city. On September 19, the Germans surrounded it and erected a blockade, as already established at Metz.

question: What was the republican government amenable to?, answer: war reparations | question: Who declared that France would not yield "an inch of its territory?", answer: Favre | question: Who was Favre speaking on behalf of?, answer: Government of National Defense | question: When did Favre make the declaration concerning colonial territories?, answer: 6 September | question: What did this cause the Republic to renew?, answer: declaration of war

While the state is far enough from the coast to avoid any direct impact from a hurricane, the location of the state makes it likely to be impacted from the remnants of tropical cyclones which weaken over land and can cause significant rainfall, such as Tropical Storm Chris in 1982 and Hurricane Opal in 1995. The state averages around 50 days of thunderstorms per year, some of which can be severe with large hail and damaging winds. Tornadoes are possible throughout the state, with West and Middle Tennessee the most vulnerable. Occasionally, strong or violent tornadoes occur, such as the devastating April 2011 tornadoes that killed 20 people in North Georgia and Southeast Tennessee. On average, the state has 15 tornadoes per year. Tornadoes in Tennessee can be severe, and Tennessee leads the nation in the percentage of total tornadoes which have fatalities. Winter storms are an occasional problem, such as the infamous Blizzard of 1993, although ice storms are a more likely occurrence. Fog is a persistent problem in parts of the state, especially in East Tennessee.

question: Which hurricane brought damaging rains to Tennessee in 1995?, answer: Hurricane Opal | question: On average, how many days each year are there thunderstorms in Tennessee?, answer: 50 | question: Which parts of Tennessee are most threatened by tornadoes?, answer: West and Middle Tennessee | question: How many tornadoes strike in Tennessee in an average year?, answer: 15 | question: What year in the 1990s did an unusual blizzard visit Tennessee?, answer: 1993

While the times of sunrise and sunset change at roughly equal rates as the seasons change, proponents of Daylight Saving Time argue that most people prefer a greater increase in daylight hours after the typical "nine-to-five" workday. Supporters have also argued that DST decreases energy consumption by reducing the need for lighting and heating, but the actual effect on overall energy use is heavily disputed.

question: What two sources of energy use do DST proponents say are reduced by the time change?, answer: lighting and heating | question: What word describes the approximate rates at which sunset and sunrise change with the seasons?, answer: equal | question: Do those who favor DST say people would rather have an extra hour of daylight before or after their usual workday?, answer: after | question: Is it the supporters or opponents of Daylight Saving Time who say it significantly reduces energy use?, answer: Supporters

While the use of iron started to become more widespread around 1200 BC, mainly because of interruptions in the trade routes for tin, the metal is much softer than bronze. However, very small amounts of steel, (an alloy of iron and around 1% carbon), was always a byproduct of the bloomery process. The ability to modify the hardness of steel by heat treatment had been known since 1100 BC, and the rare material was valued for the manufacture of tools and weapons. Because the ancients could not produce temperatures high enough to melt iron fully, the production of steel in decent quantities did not occur until the introduction of blister steel during the Middle Ages. This method introduced carbon by heating wrought iron in charcoal for long periods of time, but the penetration of carbon was not very deep, so the alloy was not homogeneous. In 1740, Benjamin Huntsman began melting blister steel in a crucible to even out the carbon content, creating the first process for the mass production of tool steel. Huntsman's process was used for manufacturing tool steel until the early 1900s.

question: Heat treatment of steel has been know since what time?, answer: 1100 BC | question: When did iron start to become melted by people?, answer: Middle Ages | question: Who created the first process for the mass production of tool steel?, answer: Benjamin Huntsman | question: When did Benjamin Huntsman begin to melt blister steel in a crucible, answer: 1740

While there is some dispute as to the matter of influence, Popper had a long-standing and close friendship with economist Friedrich Hayek, who was also brought to the London School of Economics from Vienna. Each found support and similarities in the other's work, citing each other often, though not without qualification. In a letter to Hayek in 1944, Popper stated, "I think I have learnt more from you than from any other living thinker, except perhaps Alfred Tarski." Popper dedicated his Conjectures and Refutations to Hayek. For his part, Hayek dedicated a collection of papers, Studies in Philosophy, Politics, and Economics, to Popper, and in 1982 said, "...ever since his Logik der Forschung first came out in 1934, I have been a complete adherent to his general theory of methodology."

question: Which other Austrian scholar and friend of Popper also worked near him at the London School of Economics?, answer: Friedrich Hayek | question: What was Hayek's academic field?, answer: Economics | question: In which year did Popper write Hayek a letter expressing his intellectual debt to him?, answer: 1944 | question: Who did Popper say was the only thinker who might have had a greater influence on him than Hayek?, answer: Alfred Tarski | question: Which of Hayek's publications was dedicated to Popper?, answer: Studies in Philosophy, Politics, and Economics

While there is some international commonality in the way political parties are recognized, and in how they operate, there are often many differences, and some are significant. Many political parties have an ideological core, but some do not, and many represent very different ideologies than they did when first founded. In democracies, political parties are elected by the electorate to run a government. Many countries have numerous powerful political parties, such as Germany and India and some nations have one-party systems, such as China. The United States is a two-party system, with its two most powerful parties being the Democratic Party and the Republican Party.

question: What are the two most powerful political parties in the United States?, answer: Democratic Party and the Republican Party | question: Name a nation that has a one-party political system., answer: China | question: How are political parties elected in democracies?, answer: the electorate | question: What are some countries that have multiple powerful political parties?, answer: Germany and India

While there is typically only one conceptual (or logical) and physical (or internal) view of the data, there can be any number of different external views. This allows users to see database information in a more business-related way rather than from a technical, processing viewpoint. For example, a financial department of a company needs the payment details of all employees as part of the company's expenses, but does not need details about employees that are the interest of the human resources department. Thus different departments need different views of the company's database.

question: How many conceptual or physical views of data are there?, answer: one | question: How many different external views of data are there?, answer: any number | question: What is the benefit of external views of data?, answer: see database information in a more business-related way

While these few hard rock bands managed to maintain success and popularity in the early part of the decade, alternative forms of hard rock achieved mainstream success in the form of grunge in the US and Britpop in the UK. This was particularly evident after the success of Nirvana's Nevermind (1991), which combined elements of hardcore punk and heavy metal into a "dirty" sound that made use of heavy guitar distortion, fuzz and feedback, along with darker lyrical themes than their "hair band" predecessors. Although most grunge bands had a sound that sharply contrasted mainstream hard rock, several, including Pearl Jam, Alice in Chains, Mother Love Bone and Soundgarden, were more strongly influenced by 1970s and 1980s rock and metal, while Stone Temple Pilots managed to turn alternative rock into a form of stadium rock. However, all grunge bands shunned the macho, anthemic and fashion-focused aesthetics particularly associated with glam metal. In the UK, Oasis were unusual among the Britpop bands of the mid-1990s in incorporating a hard rock sound.

question: What was the title of Nirvana's 1991 album?, answer: Nevermind | question: What was the hard rock style that emerged in the early 1990s?, answer: grunge | question: What are some grunge bands with a strong 1970s influence?, answer: Pearl Jam, Alice in Chains, Mother Love Bone and Soundgarden | question: What 1990s hard rock band had a big stadium rock sound?, answer: Stone Temple Pilots | question: What element made Oasis unique among 1990s Britpop bands?, answer: a hard rock sound

While these preparations were underway in the North, there were frequent clashes along the 38th parallel, especially at Kaesong and Ongjin, many initiated by the South. The Republic of Korea Army (ROK Army) was being trained by the U.S. Korean Military Advisory Group (KMAG). On the eve of war, KMAG's commander General William Lynn Roberts voiced utmost confidence in the ROK Army and boasted that any North Korean invasion would merely provide "target practice". For his part, Syngman Rhee repeatedly expressed his desire to conquer the North, including when American diplomat John Foster Dulles visited Korea on 18 June.

question: Who primarily initiated the clashes along the 38th parallel?, answer: the South | question: What group trained the Republic of Korea army?, answer: U.S. Korean Military Advisory Group | question: What general had a lot of confidence in the Republic of Korea's army?, answer: General William Lynn Roberts | question: Who wanted to take over North Korea?, answer: Syngman Rhee | question: Who was the diplomat that visited Korea?, answer: John Foster Dulles

While they have played in suburban Foxborough since 1971, the New England Patriots of the National Football League were founded in 1960 as the Boston Patriots, changing their name after relocating. The team won the Super Bowl after the 2001, 2003, 2004, and 2014 seasons. They share Gillette Stadium with the New England Revolution of Major League Soccer. The Boston Breakers of Women's Professional Soccer, which formed in 2009, play their home games at Dilboy Stadium in Somerville.

question: What league do the new England patriots belong to?, answer: the National Football League | question: What year were the new England patriots founded in?, answer: 1960 | question: What was the original name of the new England patriots?, answer: Boston Patriots | question: When dod the Boston patriots change their name?, answer: after relocating | question: What stadium do the patriots play in?, answer: Gillette Stadium

While true exhibition matches are not uncommon, most matches tell a story analogous to a scene in a play or film, or an episode of a serial drama: The face will sometimes win (triumph) or sometimes lose (tragedy). Longer story arcs can result from multiple matches over the course of time. Since most promotions have a championship title, competition for the championship is a common impetus for stories. Also, anything from a character's own hair to their job with the promotion can be wagered in a match. The same type of good vs. evil storylines were also once popular in roller derby.

question: What do most matches have?, answer: a story analogous to a scene in a play or film, or an episode of a serial drama: | question: What is it called when the protagonist loses?, answer: tragedy | question: What do they call it when a protagonist wins?, answer: triumph | question: What can be wagered in a match?, answer: from a character's own hair to their job with the promotion

While videoconferencing technology was initially used primarily within internal corporate communication networks, one of the first community service usages of the technology started in 1992 through a unique partnership with PictureTel and IBM Corporations which at the time were promoting a jointly developed desktop based videoconferencing product known as the PCS/1. Over the next 15 years, Project DIANE (Diversified Information and Assistance Network) grew to utilize a variety of videoconferencing platforms to create a multi-state cooperative public service and distance education network consisting of several hundred schools, neighborhood centers, libraries, science museums, zoos and parks, public assistance centers, and other community oriented organizations.

question: What year did one the first community service usages of videoconferencing take place?, answer: 1992 | question: What company helped in the creation of community service videoconferencing?, answer: IBM | question: What is the videoconferencing product that both IBM and PictureTel worked on?, answer: PCS/1 | question: What does DIANE in Project DIANE stand for?, answer: Diversified Information and Assistance Network | question: How many years did it take for Project DIANE to grow?, answer: 15

While worship in the Temple in Jerusalem included musical instruments (2 Chronicles 29:25–27), traditional Jewish religious services in the Synagogue, both before and after the last destruction of the Temple, did not include musical instruments given the practice of scriptural cantillation. The use of musical instruments is traditionally forbidden on the Sabbath out of concern that players would be tempted to repair (or tune) their instruments, which is forbidden on those days. (This prohibition has been relaxed in many Reform and some Conservative congregations.) Similarly, when Jewish families and larger groups sing traditional Sabbath songs known as zemirot outside the context of formal religious services, they usually do so a cappella, and Bar and Bat Mitzvah celebrations on the Sabbath sometimes feature entertainment by a cappella ensembles. During the Three Weeks musical instruments are prohibited. Many Jews consider a portion of the 49-day period of the counting of the omer between Passover and Shavuot to be a time of semi-mourning and instrumental music is not allowed during that time. This has led to a tradition of a cappella singing sometimes known as sefirah music.

question: On what day is using musical instruments not allowed?, answer: Sabbath | question: In what style do Jewish families typically sing Sabbath songs?, answer: a cappella | question: What is a cappella music occasionally called among those of Jewish faith?, answer: sefirah music | question: How many days are counted between Passover and Shavuot?, answer: 49 | question: What is part of the time between Passover and Shavuot thought to be?, answer: a time of semi-mourning

Whilst it is often perceived as an optimal solution for states comprising different cultural or ethnic communities, the federalist model seems to work best in largely homogeneous states such as the United States, Germany or Australia, but there is also evidence to the contrary such as in Switzerland. Tensions between territories can still be found in federalist countries such as Canada and federation as a way to appease and quell military conflict has failed recently in places like Lybia or Iraq, while the formula is simultaneously proposed and dismissed in countries such as Ukraine or Syria. Federations such as Yugoslavia or Czechoslovakia collapsed as soon as it was possible to put the model to the test.

question: Where does the federalist model work best in?, answer: homogeneous states | question: What are homogeneous states?, answer: United States, Germany or Australia | question: Where can tensions be found in the federalist countries?, answer: Canada | question: What countries did the federalist model fail in?, answer: Yugoslavia or Czechoslovakia | question: What countries dismissed the federalist model?, answer: Ukraine or Syria

White LEDs can also be made by coating near-ultraviolet (NUV) LEDs with a mixture of high-efficiency europium-based phosphors that emit red and blue, plus copper and aluminium-doped zinc sulfide (ZnS:Cu, Al) that emits green. This is a method analogous to the way fluorescent lamps work. This method is less efficient than blue LEDs with YAG:Ce phosphor, as the Stokes shift is larger, so more energy is converted to heat, but yields light with better spectral characteristics, which render color better. Due to the higher radiative output of the ultraviolet LEDs than of the blue ones, both methods offer comparable brightness. A concern is that UV light may leak from a malfunctioning light source and cause harm to human eyes or skin.

question: White LEDs can be made by coating what?, answer: near-ultraviolet (NUV) LEDs | question: What are near-ultraviolet LEDs coated with to create white LED?, answer: copper and aluminium-doped zinc sulfide (ZnS:Cu, Al) | question: What device also works in a similar way as NUV LEDs?, answer: fluorescent lamps | question: The method of coating NUVs less efficient than what other LEDs?, answer: blue | question: What light can harm human eyes or skin?, answer: UV light

White light can be formed by mixing differently colored lights; the most common method is to use red, green, and blue (RGB). Hence the method is called multi-color white LEDs (sometimes referred to as RGB LEDs). Because these need electronic circuits to control the blending and diffusion of different colors, and because the individual color LEDs typically have slightly different emission patterns (leading to variation of the color depending on direction) even if they are made as a single unit, these are seldom used to produce white lighting. Nonetheless, this method has many applications because of the flexibility of mixing different colors, and in principle, this mechanism also has higher quantum efficiency in producing white light.[citation needed]

question: What colors are used to form white light?, answer: red, green, and blue | question: What is the method called that mixes red, green, and blue colors to form white light?, answer: multi-color white LEDs | question: What does the multi-color white LED method need to produce the end result?, answer: electronic circuits | question: What is another name to reference the multi-color white LED method?, answer: RGB LEDs

White-box testing (also known as clear box testing, glass box testing, transparent box testing and structural testing, by seeing the source code) tests internal structures or workings of a program, as opposed to the functionality exposed to the end-user. In white-box testing an internal perspective of the system, as well as programming skills, are used to design test cases. The tester chooses inputs to exercise paths through the code and determine the appropriate outputs. This is analogous to testing nodes in a circuit, e.g. in-circuit testing (ICT).

question: What is another term used for White-box testing?, answer: clear box testing | question: What is involved with White-box testing?, answer: by seeing the source code | question: Which two procedures are used to design test cases in White-box testing?, answer: testing an internal perspective of the system, as well as programming skills

Whitehall's disquiet at the failures of the RAF led to the replacement of Dowding (who was already due for retirement) with Sholto Douglas on 25 November. Douglas set about introducing more squadrons and dispersing the few GL sets to create a carpet effect in the southern counties. Still, in February 1941, there remained only seven squadrons with 87 pilots, under half the required strength. The GL carpet was supported by six GCI sets controlling radar-equipped night-fighters. By the height of the Blitz, they were becoming more successful. The number of contacts and combats rose in 1941, from 44 and two in 48 sorties in January 1941, to 204 and 74 in May (643 sorties). But even in May, 67% of the sorties were visual cat's-eye missions. Curiously, while 43% of the contacts in May 1941 were by visual sightings, they accounted for 61% of the combats. Yet when compared with Luftwaffe daylight operations, there was a sharp decline in German losses to 1%. If a vigilant bomber crew could spot the fighter first, they had a decent chance at evading it.

question: Who replaced Dowding on November 25?, answer: Sholto Douglas | question: What supported the GL carpet?, answer: six GCI sets controlling radar-equipped night-fighters | question: How many pilots remained in February 1941?, answer: 87 pilots | question: How many number of contacts and combats were there in May?, answer: 204 and 74 | question: What did a bomber crew need to do for a good chance at evasion?, answer: spot the fighter first

Whites (mainly of Afrikaner, German, British and Portuguese origin) make up between 4.0 and 7.0% of the population. Although their percentage of population is decreasing due to emigration and lower birth rates they still form the second-largest population of European ancestry, both in terms of percentage and actual numbers, in Sub-Saharan Africa (after South Africa). The majority of Namibian whites and nearly all those who are mixed race speak Afrikaans and share similar origins, culture, and religion as the white and coloured populations of South Africa. A large minority of whites (around 30,000) trace their family origins back to the German settlers who colonized Namibia prior to the British confiscation of German lands after World War One, and they maintain German cultural and educational institutions. Nearly all Portuguese settlers came to the country from the former Portuguese colony of Angola. The 1960 census reported 526,004 persons in what was then South-West Africa, including 73,464 whites (14%).

question: Whites make up how much of Namibia's population?, answer: 4.0 and 7.0% | question: What is the language of Namibia?, answer: Afrikaans | question: Where do a large minority of whites trace their Namibian roots to?, answer: German settlers | question: What was the population in South-West Africa in 1960?, answer: 526,004 | question: How much of the population was white in South-West Africa in 1960?, answer: 73,464

Whittaker was unsuited for the role and soon retired. Stewart and Harlan were conservative Republicans, while Brennan was a Democrat who became a leading voice for liberalism. In selecting a Chief Justice, Eisenhower looked for an experienced jurist who could appeal to liberals in the party as well as law-and-order conservatives, noting privately that Warren "represents the kind of political, economic, and social thinking that I believe we need on the Supreme Court ... He has a national name for integrity, uprightness, and courage that, again, I believe we need on the Court". In the next few years Warren led the Court in a series of liberal decisions that revolutionized the role of the Court.

question: What were Harlan and Stewart's party affiliations?, answer: Republicans | question: What party did Brennan belong to?, answer: Democrat | question: Who did Eisenhower nominate for Chief Justice?, answer: Warren | question: What sort of decisions did Warren favor on the Supreme Court?, answer: liberal | question: Along with liberals, who was Eisenhower trying to appeal to with the Warren pick?, answer: law-and-order conservatives

Wide-ringed wood is often called "second-growth", because the growth of the young timber in open stands after the old trees have been removed is more rapid than in trees in a closed forest, and in the manufacture of articles where strength is an important consideration such "second-growth" hardwood material is preferred. This is particularly the case in the choice of hickory for handles and spokes. Here not only strength, but toughness and resilience are important. The results of a series of tests on hickory by the U.S. Forest Service show that:

question: What term is sometimes used for wood with wide rings?, answer: second-growth | question: Do young trees grow more quickly in open stands or in a closed forest?, answer: open stands | question: What property is important to manufacturers who use "second-growth" hardwood?, answer: strength | question: What specific kind of "second-growth" hardwood is often used to make handles and spokes?, answer: hickory | question: What organization tested hickory to find out about its properties?, answer: U.S. Forest Service

Widely referred to as Highbury, Arsenal Stadium was the club's home from September 1913 until May 2006. The original stadium was designed by the renowned football architect Archibald Leitch, and had a design common to many football grounds in the UK at the time, with a single covered stand and three open-air banks of terracing. The entire stadium was given a massive overhaul in the 1930s: new Art Deco West and East stands were constructed, opening in 1932 and 1936 respectively, and a roof was added to the North Bank terrace, which was bombed during the Second World War and not restored until 1954.

question: When did Arsenal FC leave Highbury stadium?, answer: May 2006 | question: When did Arsenal Stadium at Highbury first become the club's home?, answer: September 1913 | question: What architect designed the original stadium at Highbury?, answer: Archibald Leitch | question: In what decade was Arsenal Stadium overhauled?, answer: 1930s | question: When was the Arsenal stadium bombed?, answer: Second World War

Widespread Roman interference in the Greek world was probably inevitable given the general manner of the ascendency of the Roman Republic. This Roman-Greek interaction began as a consequence of the Greek city-states located along the coast of southern Italy. Rome had come to dominate the Italian peninsula, and desired the submission of the Greek cities to its rule. Although they initially resisted, allying themselves with Pyrrhus of Epirus, and defeating the Romans at several battles, the Greek cities were unable to maintain this position and were absorbed by the Roman republic. Shortly afterwards, Rome became involved in Sicily, fighting against the Carthaginians in the First Punic War. The end result was the complete conquest of Sicily, including its previously powerful Greek cities, by the Romans.

question: Rome dominated what peninsula?, answer: Italian | question: Greek cities were absorbed by what republic?, answer: Roman | question: Rome fought against the Carthaginians in what war?, answer: First Punic War | question: Sicily was won by whom in the First Punic war?, answer: Romans

Widespread drought in North China, combined with the imperialist designs of European powers and the instability of the Qing government, created conditions that led to the emergence of the Righteous and Harmonious Fists, or "Boxers." In 1900, local groups of Boxers proclaiming support for the Qing dynasty murdered foreign missionaries and large numbers of Chinese Christians, then converged on Beijing to besiege the Foreign Legation Quarter. A coalition of European, Japanese, and Russian armies (the Eight-Nation Alliance) then entered China without diplomatic notice, much less permission. Cixi declared war on all of these nations, only to lose control of Beijing after a short, but hard-fought campaign. She fled to Xi'an. The victorious allies drew up scores of demands on the Qing government, including compensation for their expenses in invading China and execution of complicit officials.

question: Where was there a drought?, answer: North China | question: What was another name for the Boxers?, answer: Righteous and Harmonious Fists | question: When did the Boxers begin to kill missionaries and Chinese Christians?, answer: 1900 | question: Who invaded China?, answer: A coalition of European, Japanese, and Russian armies | question: Where did Cixi go after Beijing fell to the 8 armies?, answer: Xi'an

Widespread rumors of Napoleon's return from St. Helena and Napoleon as an inspiration for patriotism, individual and collective liberties, and political mobilization manifested themselves in seditious materials, displaying the tricolor and rosettes. There were also subversive activities celebrating anniversaries of Napoleon's life and reign and disrupting royal celebrations—they demonstrated the prevailing and successful goal of the varied supporters of Napoleon to constantly destabilize the Bourbon regime.

question: Rumors of Napoleon's return from what location were often used as an inspiration for his followers?, answer: St. Helena | question: Anniversaries of Napoleon's life and reign were sometimes celebrated in an effort to disrupt what?, answer: royal celebrations | question: Destabilization of what regime was the main goal of Napoleon's followers?, answer: the Bourbon regime | question: Seditious material distributed by Napoleon's followers often displayed the tricolor, and what other design?, answer: rosettes

Widespread segregation in 19th- and early 20th-century North America made it difficult for African-Americans to join Lodges outside of Prince Hall jurisdictions – and impossible for inter-jurisdiction recognition between the parallel U.S. Masonic authorities. By the 1980s, such discrimination was a thing of the past, and today most U.S. Grand Lodges recognise their Prince Hall counterparts, and the authorities of both traditions are working towards full recognition. The United Grand Lodge of England has no problem with recognising Prince Hall Grand Lodges. While celebrating their heritage as lodges of black Americans, Prince Hall is open to all men regardless of race or religion.

question: When did North American Masonic lodges recognize members of the Prince Hall Lodge?, answer: By the 1980s | question: Who is the Prince Hall Lodge open to?, answer: Prince Hall is open to all men | question: Does the United Grand Lodge of England recognize Prince Hall Lodges?, answer: The United Grand Lodge of England has no problem with recognising Prince Hall Grand Lodges

Widowed in 1861, the grief-stricken Queen withdrew from public life and left Buckingham Palace to live at Windsor Castle, Balmoral Castle and Osborne House. For many years the palace was seldom used, even neglected. In 1864, a note was found pinned to the fence of Buckingham Palace, saying: "These commanding premises to be let or sold, in consequence of the late occupant's declining business." Eventually, public opinion forced the Queen to return to London, though even then she preferred to live elsewhere whenever possible. Court functions were still held at Windsor Castle, presided over by the sombre Queen habitually dressed in mourning black, while Buckingham Palace remained shuttered for most of the year.

question: When year did Prince Albert die?, answer: 1861 | question: What forced the Queen to return to London?, answer: public opinion | question: What was the fate of Buckingham after the left?, answer: the palace was seldom used, even neglected. | question: Where were court functions held upon the Queens return to London?, answer: Windsor Castle | question: When did Prince Albert die?, answer: 1861 | question: What did Queen Victoria do in response to his death?, answer: left Buckingham Palace | question: Which house did Queen Victoria stay at after she left Buckingham?, answer: Osborne House | question: What happened to Buckingham after Queen Victoria left?, answer: palace was seldom used, even neglected | question: Where did Queen Victoria hold court functions during this time?, answer: Windsor Castle

Wildfires plague the forested areas of Guam every dry season despite the island's humid climate. Most fires are man-caused with 80% resulting from arson. Poachers often start fires to attract deer to the new growth. Invasive grass species that rely on fire as part of their natural life cycle grow in many regularly burned areas. Grasslands and "barrens" have replaced previously forested areas leading to greater soil erosion. During the rainy season sediment is carried by the heavy rains into the Fena Lake Reservoir and Ugum River, leading to water quality problems for southern Guam. Eroded silt also destroys the marine life in reefs around the island. Soil stabilization efforts by volunteers and forestry workers (planting trees) have had little success in preserving natural habitats.

question: What plagues the Guam dry season?, answer: Wildfires | question: What are the cause of the majority of the fires in the area?, answer: man | question: What causes water quality problems in Guam?, answer: sediment is carried by the heavy rains into the Fena Lake Reservoir and Ugum River

Wilhelm Erb's (1874) "intensive" theory, that a pain signal can be generated by intense enough stimulation of any sensory receptor, has been soundly disproved. Some sensory fibers do not differentiate between noxious and non-noxious stimuli, while others, nociceptors, respond only to noxious, high intensity stimuli. At the peripheral end of the nociceptor, noxious stimuli generate currents that, above a given threshold, begin to send signals along the nerve fiber to the spinal cord. The "specificity" (whether it responds to thermal, chemical or mechanical features of its environment) of a nociceptor is determined by which ion channels it expresses at its peripheral end. Dozens of different types of nociceptor ion channels have so far been identified, and their exact functions are still being determined.

question: What type of signal can be generated by intense enough stimulation of any sensory receptor?, answer: pain | question: What types of stimuli can't some sensory fibers differentiate between?, answer: noxious and non-noxious | question: What type of stimuli do nociceptors response to?, answer: noxious, high intensity | question: How many different types of ion channels have so far been identified?, answer: Dozens | question: What does stimuli generate to send signals along a nerve fiber?, answer: currents

William Champion's brother, John, patented a process in 1758 for calcining zinc sulfide into an oxide usable in the retort process. Prior to this, only calamine could be used to produce zinc. In 1798, Johann Christian Ruberg improved on the smelting process by building the first horizontal retort smelter. Jean-Jacques Daniel Dony built a different kind of horizontal zinc smelter in Belgium, which processed even more zinc. Italian doctor Luigi Galvani discovered in 1780 that connecting the spinal cord of a freshly dissected frog to an iron rail attached by a brass hook caused the frog's leg to twitch. He incorrectly thought he had discovered an ability of nerves and muscles to create electricity and called the effect "animal electricity". The galvanic cell and the process of galvanization were both named for Luigi Galvani and these discoveries paved the way for electrical batteries, galvanization and cathodic protection.

question: Who first patented the process that creates an oxide usable in the retort process?, answer: William Champion's brother, John, | question: Before John Champion, what was the only element used to produce zinc?, answer: calamine | question: Who built the first horizontal retort smelter?, answer: Johann Christian Ruberg | question: What did Galvani name the effect he created of causing the frogs legs to twitch?, answer: animal electricity | question: The discoveries made by Galvani lead to what three important things?, answer: electrical batteries, galvanization and cathodic protection.

William Henry Perkin studied and worked at the college under von Hofmann, but resigned his position after discovering the first synthetic dye, mauveine, in 1856. Perkin's discovery was prompted by his work with von Hofmann on the substance aniline, derived from coal tar, and it was this breakthrough which sparked the synthetic dye industry, a boom which some historians have labelled the second chemical revolution. His contribution led to the creation of the Perkin Medal, an award given annually by the Society of Chemical Industry to a scientist residing in the United States for an "innovation in applied chemistry resulting in outstanding commercial development". It is considered the highest honour given in the industrial chemical industry.

question: Who discovered the first synthetic dye?, answer: William Henry Perkin | question: What did the scientist who discovered the dye do after discovering it?, answer: resigned his position | question: What is the name of the first synthetic dye discovered?, answer: mauveine | question: The discovery of the synthetic dye is claimed by some histories to have sparked what event?, answer: second chemical revolution | question: Which award is named after the discoverer of the dye?, answer: Perkin Medal

William Pitt, who entered the cabinet in 1756, had a grand vision for the war that made it entirely different from previous wars with France. As prime minister Pitt committed Britain to a grand strategy of seizing the entire French Empire, especially its possessions in North America and India. Britain's main weapon was the Royal Navy, which could control the seas and bring as many invasion troops as were needed. He also planned to use colonial forces from the Thirteen American colonies, working under the command of British regulars, to invade new France. In order to tie the French army down he subsidized his European allies. Pitt Head of the government from 1756 to 1761, and even after that the British continued his strategy. It proved completely successful. Pitt had a clear appreciation of the enormous value of imperial possessions, and realized how vulnerable was the French Empire.

question: What was the grand strategy of prime minister William Pitt?, answer: a grand strategy of seizing the entire French Empire | question: What was Pitt's primary military advantage?, answer: Britain's main weapon was the Royal Navy | question: What locations did Pitt want from France?, answer: North America and India | question: How did Pitt plan to augment the British regular troops?, answer: He also planned to use colonial forces from the Thirteen American colonies | question: How did Pitt's strategy affect Britain's future plans?, answer: even after that the British continued his strategy

Wind instruments became more refined in the Classical era. While double reeded instruments like the oboe and bassoon became somewhat standardized in the Baroque, the clarinet family of single reeds was not widely used until Mozart expanded its role in orchestral, chamber, and concerto settings.

question: What type of instrument became more refined during the classical era?, answer: Wind | question: What is the single reed family called?, answer: the clarinet family | question: What type of instrument was somewhat standardized int eh Baroque era?, answer: double reeded | question: Who expanded the single reeds role?, answer: Mozart

Windows 8 also incorporates improved support for mobile broadband; the operating system can now detect the insertion of a SIM card and automatically configure connection settings (including APNs and carrier branding), and reduce its internet usage in order to conserve bandwidth on metered networks. Windows 8 also adds an integrated airplane mode setting to globally disable all wireless connectivity as well. Carriers can also offer account management systems through Windows Store apps, which can be automatically installed as a part of the connection process and offer usage statistics on their respective tile.

question: What does airplone mode do?, answer: disable all wireless connectivity | question: Where can Carrier account management systems be found?, answer: Windows Store apps | question: What are some connection settings in Windows 8?, answer: APNs and carrier branding | question: What registers the insertion of a SIM card?, answer: the operating system