Add missing error check in regexp parser.

parseqatom() failed to check for an error return (NULL result) from its
recursive call to parsebranch(), and in consequence could crash with a
null-pointer dereference after an error return.  This bug has been there
since day one, but wasn't noticed before, probably because most error cases
in parsebranch() didn't actually lead to returning NULL.  Add the missing
error check, and also tweak parsebranch() to exit in a less indirect
fashion after a call to parseqatom() fails.

Report by Tomasz Karlik, fix by me.
Add support for piping COPY to/from an external program.

This includes backend "COPY TO/FROM PROGRAM '...'" syntax, and corresponding
psql \copy syntax. Like with reading/writing files, the backend version is
superuser-only, and in the psql version, the program is run in the client.

In the passing, the psql \copy STDIN/STDOUT syntax is subtly changed: if you
the stdin/stdout is quoted, it's now interpreted as a filename. For example,
"\copy foo from 'stdin'" now reads from a file called 'stdin', not from
standard input. Before this, there was no way to specify a filename called
stdin, stdout, pstdin or pstdout.

This creates a new function in pgport, wait_result_to_str(), which can
be used to convert the exit status of a process, as returned by wait(3),
to a human-readable string.

Etsuro Fujita, reviewed by Amit Kapila.
Add standard file header comment to quotes.c.
Cannot use WL_SOCKET_WRITEABLE without WL_SOCKET_READABLE.

In copy-out mode, the frontend should not send any messages until the
backend has finished streaming, by sending a CopyDone message. I'm not sure
if it would be legal for the client to send a new query before receiving the
CopyDone message from the backend, but trying to support that would require
bigger changes to the backend code structure.

Fixes an assertion failure reported by Fujii Masao.
Fix typo in "pg_xlogdump --help" and error message.

Fujii Masao and me.
Fix MSVC build.

The new file in src/port needs to be listed in Mkvcbuild.pm as well.
Remove spurious "the", and add a missing one.

Thom Brown and me.
Flush stderr and stdout in isolation tester.

This is a possibly vain attempt to fix a buffering issue
observed for some MSVC builds.
Improve pg_upgrade commentary on multixact change

Per gripe from Andres Freund
Merge branch 'master' into toastindex