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5a032693-e7d9-4789-97a8-bd884b75c1b1 | GPCR that does not act through opening of potassium channels is? | Muscarinic M2 receptor | Dopamine D2 receptor | Serotonin 5 HT1 receptor | Angiotensin 1 receptor | 3d
| single | Ans. D. Angiotensin 1 receptor* Four G protein gated inwardly-rectifying potassium (GIRK) channel subunits have been identified in mammals: GIRK1, GIRK2, GIRK3, and GIRK4. The GIRK subunits come together to form GIRK ion channels.* Activation of the IKACh channels begins with release of acetylcholine (ACh) from the vagus nerve onto pacemaker cells in the hea.* ACh binds to the M2 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors, which interact with G proteins. | Pharmacology | null |
3af11fb3-6d3b-4542-9de0-5f4decd77160 | what does not occur in 5'- 3'direction? | DNA repair | DNA replication | RNA editing | Transcription | 2c
| single | Ans -C- RNA editingIn rna editing editosome can edit only in 3- 5 direction, along with primary rna transcript.DNA replication goes in the 5' to 3' direction because DNA polymerase acts on the 3'-OH of the existing strand for adding free nucleotides.In transcription the complementary RNA is created in the opposite direction, in the 5' - 3' direction, matching the sequence of the sense strand with the exception of switching uracil for thymine.When the strand containing the mis-match is identified, an endonuclease nicks the strand and the mis-matched nucleotide(s) is/are removed by an exonuclease. | Biochemistry | null |
8be0f11a-fb38-4996-95b7-b3fcf36de7c4 | Which of the following diseases is NOT transmitted by it? | Kala Azar | Chandipura encephalitis | Babesiosis | Carrion's Disease | 2c
| single | The image is of SANDFLY, identifiable by the long, slender legs, lanceolate wings, branching of the second longitudinal vein, densely hairy antennae, legs, body and wings. Diseases transmitted: Kala Azar Sandfly fever Oriental sore Oroya fever Carrion's disease Chandipura virus Babesiosis is transmitted by the Hard Tick. | Social & Preventive Medicine | AIIMS 2019 |
358a3866-8fc2-405e-b7e6-383904748d15 | A 56-year-old female presents with nocturnal pain in the right thumb, index and middle finger for the past 3 months. All of the following provocative tests can be performed for the diagnosis of the condition except : | Phalen's test | Finkelstein test | Tinel's sign | Tourniquet test | 1b
| multi | Ans. b. Finkelstein test (Ref. Maheshwuri 3/eNocturnal pain in the right thumb, index and middle finger for the past 3 months in a 56-year old female is highly suggestive of Carpal tunnel syndrome. Finkelstein test is used to diagnose DeQuervain's tenosynovitis, not the carpal tunnel syndrome. | Surgery | null |
c254e7c1-e9d0-4cfc-8a9f-2a69b48961d4 | An avulsed tooth which is replanted shows loss of lamina dura radiographically, high sound on percussion. The type of resorption is | Internal resorpton | External resorption | Replacement resorption | Cervical resorption | 2c
| multi | null | Dental | null |
33b23fe7-afeb-4475-af4c-a9e250c82578 | Which of the following is not a content of mesorectal fascia? | Inferior rectal vein | Superior rectal vein | Pararectal lymph node | Inferior mesenteric plexus | 0a
| single | Ans: A. Inferior rectal veinMesorectum is enclosed by mesorectal fascia, which is derived from the visceral peritoneum.Known as visceral fascia of mesorectum, fascia propria of rectum or presacral wing of hypogastric sheath.Upper rectum is derived from the embryological hind gut, it is surrounded by mesorectumdeg. Contents of Mesorectal fasciaSuperior rectal aery and its branchesSuperior rectal vein and tributariesLymphatic vessels and nodes along superior rectal aeries.Branches from inferior mesenteric plexus to innervate rectum.Loose adipose connective tissue down to the level of levator ani (pelvic floor). | Anatomy | null |
b6960906-d735-47a0-b71b-aa8af6cd26b3 | Which of the following is a false statement? | Acetaminophen does not have anti-inflammatory action | NSAIDs with least cardiovascular risk in Naproxen | Gastric irritation is more severe with NSAIDs compared to aspirin | Non selective COX-2 inhibitors are contraindicated in postoperative patients | 2c
| multi | Gastric irritation is most severe with aspirin. It can cause gastric mucosal erosion and ulceration leading to bleeding and perforation. | Medicine | AIIMS 2017 |
ccec60b1-80b6-4130-b1ab-8631cac2fa14 | FNAC can not diagnose | Papillary carcinoma of thyroid | Follicular carcinoma of thyroid | Anaplastic carcinoma of thyroid | Medullary carcinoma of thyroid | 1b
| single | FNAC helps in diagnosis of-
Papillary carcinoma
Medullary carcinoma
Anaplastic carcinoma
Colloid nodules
Thyroiditis
FNAC cannot diagnose follicular carcinoma and Hurthle carcinoma | Surgery | null |
4f393b71-3955-4db3-a376-99af5015b825 | A couple comes for evaluation of infeility. The HSG was normal but semen analysis revealed azoospermia. What is the diagnostic test to differentiate between testicular failure and vas deferens obstruction? | Serum FSH | Karyotyping | Testosterone levels | Testicular FNAC | 0a
| single | Ans: A. Serum FSH(Ref. Ganong 25Ie p419, 425, 24Ie p427)Prior to initiating treatment for a couple, in whom the man has azoospermia, it is impoant to distinguish whether the lack of sperm in the ejaculate is from an obstructive or non-obstructive process.The presence of normal volume testes with bilaterally indurated epididymis and/or absent vas deferens will point to an obstructive etiology for azoospermia.A history of cryptorchidism in the presence of small or soft testes suggests non-obstructive azoospermia, especially if associated with an elevated serum (FSH) level.A decreased spermatogenesis leads to decrease in production of inhibin, which causes an elevation in FSH. | Physiology | null |
dac67e00-7708-4533-a6da-38c259fe8403 | Which Bone does not form the wrist joint | Radius | Triquetrum | Scaphoid | Ulna | 3d
| single | * Bones forming the wrist joint are: radius, scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum and other carpal bones.* The wrist joint is a synol joint between the distal end of radius and the aicular disc overlying the distal end of ulna and the scaphoid, lunate and triquetrum.* Ulna is not pa of wrist joint, only the overlying aicular disc is pa of the wrist joint. | Orthopaedics | AIIMS 2018 |
5d7ae586-3ecd-41a4-a172-d32ab3dc4f6a | Mass Drug Administration is not helpful for | Lymphatic Filariasis | Vitamin A Deficiency | Worm infestation | Scabies | 3d
| single | - Lymphatic Filariasis is treated with Diethyl carbamazine (DEC) (Or) a combination of DEC + Albendazole/ Ivermectin - Vitamin A deficiency - Prophylaxis- 2 lakhs IU to 1-6 years of age - Worm infestation - Ascariasis once every 2-3 months; it does not interrupt transmission but useful in reduction of worm load in community - Scabies - No mass drug administration done along with patient his/her family members should be treated not the whole community. | Social & Preventive Medicine | AIIMS 2019 |
90c375a2-63de-4f16-940c-5f8a08df0d8d | Ideal denture base material should not have | Sufficient strength | Dense and non-irritating surface | High specific gravity | Esthetically acceptable | 2c
| multi | null | Dental | null |
41b7f0c0-744e-41fd-ae2b-13fc6a741347 | In a patient with heart disease, which of the following should not be used to control PPH: | Methylergometrine | Oxytocin | Misoprostol | Carboprost | 0a
| single | null | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
1f9e0b7b-8eab-4fb0-a1c7-9ff074f3e1d8 | Which of the following is not a feature of anaphylaxis? | Delayed reaction | Immediate reaction | Passive transfer by serum | None of the above | 0a
| multi | null | Microbiology | null |
f94eef30-d8f9-4d40-866e-a89c7fbb7c7f | Drug not requiring dose adjustment in renal disease is | Aminoglycoside | Vancomycin | Calcium channel blocker | Metronidazole | 2c
| single | null | Pharmacology | null |
9dbe9f17-d9ee-46fe-b3d3-8c6c19758be6 | A research was undeaken by a group of psychiatrists and obstetricians to assess postpaum depression in mothers giving bih to male versus female children according to the Edinburgh depression scale (EPDS). What test should be used to compare the outcomes? | Student's t-test | Paired t-test | Chi-square test | Pearson's correlation coefficient | 2c
| single | Answer- C. Chi-square test Chi-square test- Comparison of two independent qualitative variablesA 'non-parametric test' of significanceUsed to 'test significance of association between 2 or more qualitative characteristicsUsed to compare propoions in 2 or more groupsUsed for non-Normal (non-Gaussian) distributions | Social & Preventive Medicine | null |
863c894a-fa96-4875-bf3d-dd8d2460a21a | true is all except regarding intrafusal fibres | Nuclear bag fibres are lesser | Nuclear chain fibres are shorter and thinner | Secondary endings excited by chain fibres only | Primary endings excited by bag fibres only | 3d
| multi | null | Physiology | null |
83cbb1ff-e31f-4eec-b198-b39874f05c2a | About zinc oxide eugenol all are true except | ZnO is converted to Zn(OH)2 | Reaction is autocatalytic | Water is the byproduct of reaction | Dehydrated ZnO reacts with dehydrated eugenol | 3d
| multi | null | Dental | null |
26124571-60c3-4509-9c33-981bc3b40054 | Maculopapular rash is not seen in ? | Dengue | Rubella | measles | Zoster | 3d
| single | Ans. D. ZosterMaculopapular rashes are seen in:* Rubella* Dengue(febrile phase)* Measles* Chikungunya (acute infectious phase)* Erythema infectiosum* Zika virus* West nile virus* Infectious mononucleosis | Skin | null |
d6e82b03-66cb-479a-950a-3f75ab8e99d6 | A 6 weeks old baby presents with cough and cold for the last three days. Respiratory rate is 48/min. Patient is febrile, there are no chest retractions but wheezing is present. Which of the following statement is not true? | Antibiotics are not required | Child is suffering from pneumonia | Treat only wheezing | Treat only fever | 1b
| multi | Answer- B. Child is suffering from pneumoniaPneumonia:The World Health Organization has defined pneumonia in children clinically based on either a cough or difficulty breathing and a rapid respiratory rate, chest indrawing, or a decreased level of consciousness.A rapid respiratory rate is defined as >60 breaths/minute in children <2 months old, 50 breaths/minute in children 2 months to 1 year old, or >40 breaths/minute in children 1 to 5 years old. | Pediatrics | null |
cf3f103b-e4d8-4f34-86aa-b69f3b31fe55 | On laboratory investigations in a patient, LDL was highly elevated but the level of LDL receptors was normal. Which of the following is most probable cause? | Phosphorylation of LDL receptors | Lipoprotein lipase deficiency | Apo B-100 mutation | Cholesterol Acyl Co-A transferase deficiency | 2c
| single | Ans: C. Apo B-100 mutationIn Type Ila Familial hypercholesterolemia:Highly elevated levels of LDL with normal level of LDL receptors.Characterized mutation in ligand region of apoB-100.Differential diagnosis:"Familial Defective apoB-100 (FDB)"/"Autosomal dominant hypercholesterolemia (ADH) type 2":Dominantly inherited disorder.Clinically resembles heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) with elevated LDL-C levels and normal TGs.FDB - Caused by mutations in gene encoding apoB-100, specifically in LDL receptor-binding domain of apoB-100.Ref (Harrison 19/e p2438-2447, 18/e p3148) | Biochemistry | null |
09ce3345-10ca-4ade-91b7-8b1361c55c99 | Morphine should not be used in the treatment of: | Ischemic pain | Biliary colic | Cancer pain | Post operative pain | 1b
| single | Morphine (an opioid) is a strong analgesic. It is used in treatment of all types of pain like Crush injury, Fracture, MI, cancer pain, post-operative pain etc. However in Biliary colic (e.g. due to any stone blocking bile duct), morphine constricts sphincter of Oddi and increase the intrabiliary pressure. This increases the chances of rupture of bile duct. Therefore opioids like morphine are contra-indicated in biliary colic. | Pharmacology | AIIMS 2018 |
0ef0297d-91cb-4320-9d3e-6d04ae3e9c07 | Which of the following is not required for protein synthesis of eukaryotes: | RNA polymerase | Ribosomes | Peptidyl transferase | Amino acyl tRNA synthetase | 0a
| single | Ans. a. RNA polymerase (Ref Harper 28/e p362) RNA polymerase enzyme is involved in transcription process, not in translation.The a-amino group of the new aminoacyl-tRNA in the A site carries out a nucleophilic attach on the esterified carboxyl group of the peptidyl-tRNA occupying the P site (peptidyl or polypeptide site).Peptidyl transferase: Catalyses two reactions, peptide bond formation between amino acids and together with release factor, peptide release. | Biochemistry | null |
876a5607-e467-4745-b315-13812c405904 | A 16 years old girl came for evaluation of primary amenorrhea. She was having hirsutism, irregular bleeding and infeility, diagnosed as PCOS. Which of the following drugs should not be given? | Spironolactone | Tamoxifen | OCPs | Clomiphene citrate | 1b
| single | Answer- B. TamoxifenMedical Treatment of PCOSEstrogen best given with progesterone (combined OCPs) with no androgenic propeiesHirsutism is treated with cyproterone acetate or spironolactone.Infeility is treated with Clomiphene, 80% ovulate and 40% conceive.In Clomiphene failed group, ovulation can be induced with FSH or GnRH analogues.Metformin treats the root cause of PCOS, rectifies endocrine and metabolic functions and improves feility and isdrug of choice. | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
2719953f-15c7-4003-83ed-0baf2654d35a | A pregnant lady had no complaints but mild cervical lymphadenopathy in first trimester. She was prescribed spiramycin but she was noncompliant. Baby was born with hydrocephalus and intracerebral calcification. Which of these is likely cause ? | Rubella | Toxoplasmosis | CMV | Herpes | 1b
| single | Hydrocephalus and intracerebral calcification can occur in all the four options either commonly (Toxoplasma, CIVIV) or uncommonly (HSV, rubella). See previous explanation.
However, spiramycin in pregnancy is given for toxoplasmosis.
Acute maternal toxoplasmosis is usually asymptomatic, some patients may present with posterior cervical lymphadenopathy, fatigue, lassitude and maculopapular rash.
Spiramycin reduces the risk of congenital infection in acute toxoplasmosis during pregnancy.
As the patient was not compliant with spiramycin, baby developed congenital toxoplasmosis. | Pediatrics | null |
53060ead-48de-44e0-8b8d-047e1071b424 | Which of the following is not a small round cell tumor? | Neuroblastoma | Retinoblastoma | Ewing's sarcoma | Hemangiosarcoma | 3d
| multi | Ans. is 'd' i.e., hemangiosarcomaSmall round blue cell tumors:* Histologically many of the malignant paediatric neoplasms are unique.* They tend to have a more primitive (embryonal) rather than pleomorphic anaplastic microscopic appearance.* Often characterized by sheets of cells with small round nuclei.* Frequently exhibit features of organogenesis specific to the site of tumour origin (therefore these tumours are frequently designated by suffix - blastoma).* Owing to their primitive histological appearance many childhood tumours have been collectively referred to as small round blue cell tumourThe differential diagnosis of small round blue cell tumours includesNeuroblastomaRhabdomyosarcomaRetinoblastomaWilms tumoursEwings sarcomaMedulloblastomaLymphomaPrimitive neuroectodermal tumoursBurkitt lymphoma | Pathology | null |
a36b6f9e-f19b-48b1-9d33-4845fffe975f | Which of the following is not a vitamin K dependent procoagulant? | Factor II | Factor VII | Factor IX | Factor XI | 3d
| single | null | Physiology | null |
82b0de7a-8e54-4c49-a872-9170f2d7b599 | Which of the following defines the pressure in the vascular system in the absence of blood flow? | Pulse pressure | Critical closing pressure | Mean circulatory filling pressure | Perfusion pressure | 2c
| single | Answer- C. Mean circulatory filling pressureMean Circulatory Filling pressure (MCFP) is equilibrium pressure that is reached throughout the cardiovascular system when cardiac output is stopped completely. MCFP can be measured by stopping blood flow (e.g., by stopping hea pumping by giving shock to hea with electricity) and allowing the pressure throughout the circulatory system to reach equilibrium. MCFP is equilibrium pressure everywhere in circulation. | Physiology | null |
52d643b9-6455-43f0-a04e-a838bf1ba1c8 | Pure left sided failure may be seen with –a) ASDb) Aortic stenosisc) Patent ductus arteriosusd) Pulmonary valvular obstruction | a | c | bc | ad | 2c
| single | ASD usually does not cause HF.
AS & PDA increase the strain on left ventricle -> LVF.
PS increases the strain on right ventricular failure ---> RVF. | Pediatrics | null |
60522ee9-d25d-4890-a184-59a47df07377 | Not included in the human poverty index is: | % of population not surviving up to 40 yrs age | Occupation | Underweight for age | % population not using safe water supply | 1b
| single | null | Social & Preventive Medicine | null |
93899801-2aa6-4bd0-b20f-ca5835a0721f | In a patient of oral & maxillofacial trauma, cervical injury is not ruled out, intubation of preference will be: | LMA | Combitube | Normal laryngoscopy & endotracheal intubation | Fiberoptic intubation | 3d
| single | null | Surgery | null |
4d936cfe-6c83-463a-944c-0069a8f5f11c | Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is not enough to diagnose: | Papillary carcinoma of thyroid | Follicular carcinoma of thyroid | Carcinoma breast | Adenocarcinoma lung | 1b
| single | Ans: B. Follicular carcinoma of the thyroid(Ref: Robbin's 9/e p1094, 8/e p1123).FNAC:Not enough to diagnose follicular carcinoma.Since follicular carcinoma is differentiated from follicular adenoma based on capsular invasion & vascular invasion (not diagnosed by FNAC).Limitations of FNAC in Thyroid Diseases:Not able to distinguish follicular adenoma from follicular carcinoma.Not able to distinguish Huhle cell adenoma from Huhle cell carcinomaUseless in Reidel's thyroiditis (Biopsy is preferred).FNAC is less reliable in patients who have a history of head & neck irradiation or family history of thyroid cancer due to the higher likelihood of multifocal lesions & occult cancer. | Surgery | null |
35a8a5f6-b1f9-43ce-9d49-6dfd21e6951e | Animal test to check the biocompatibility of dental material are all except | Buehler test | Implantation test | Ame's test | Sensitization test | 2c
| multi | null | Dental | null |
7801e0bc-129a-47f5-a8f2-5c78981b28d8 | A 16-year-old girl comes to a doctor with fractured forearm. She told she tripped and fell but cigarette burns were observed on her forearm. What will be your Next step? | To inform higher authorities | To do a complete physical examination | To tell or discuss with colleagues that she is a case of abuse | To call local social worker for help | 1b
| multi | Ans: B. To do a complete physical examinationThe first step after suspecting s case of abuse is to do a complete detailed history taking & physical examination of the patient to see any other injuries which can confirm the findings.Concluding just by seeing a burn that looks like a cigarette burn on the forearm can be misleading at times so a thorough examination of the whole body is mandatory to confirm the above finding to child abuse.after confirmation According to the POSCO Act, every crime of child sexual abuse should be repoed. If a person who has information about any abuse fails to repo, they may face imprisonment up to six months or maybe fined or both | Forensic Medicine | null |
25dc40da-7399-4011-b617-3b9c42d88277 | Which of the following Is not an etiological agent for gingival recession | Gingival abrasion | Gingival ablation | Gingival inflammation | TFO | 3d
| single | null | Dental | null |
69b97752-ee1c-4234-b3d1-0402e1235986 | All of the following can be used to decrease IOP in glaucoma except | Mannitol | Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor | Apraclonidine | Dexamethasone | 3d
| multi | Answer: D. DexamethasoneSteroids cannot be given in glaucoma as they can themselves lead to increase in intraocular pressure | Ophthalmology | null |
acf13a25-349e-4480-bc59-50c9f8e752fd | A patient taking which of the following drug should not eat cheese, etc: | Tetracycline | Amoxycillin | Doxycycline | Triamterene | 0a
| single | null | Pharmacology | null |
cf86437d-6450-4196-9f54-8f69c84e89ba | Stress breakers are not used in partial denture construction because: | They are expensive | Increase the vertical dimension | They are difficult to design and fabricate | Harmful effect on the abutment | 2c
| single | null | Dental | null |
29915e72-87a0-4dad-a365-6e3337e36ebe | Which is not a feature of HELLP syndrome: | Thrombocytopenia | Eosinophilia | Raised liver enzyme | Hemolytic anemia | 1b
| single | null | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
d6a8de08-5a4c-404b-8622-217e17e5751b | Which of the following complications of stroke need not to be treated? | Fever | Spasticity | Dysphagia | Numbness | 1b
| single | Answer- B. SpasticitySpasticity is seen in 20% of hemiplegic paitents. Spasticity per se does not produce weakness and other aspects of motor control Overzealous treatment affects the normal ambulation of patients. Hence, treating spasticity, as a rule is not always preferred, treating it is a double-edged sword. Spasticity as a consequence of a stroke may have a ceain beneficiary compensatory aspect. | Medicine | null |
ab1d4d40-0a0f-405d-ac41-100856f75318 | Type III gold alloy does not have following features except: | Harder than type IV | Used for small inlays | Easily burnishable than type IV | Less gold than type IV | 2c
| multi | null | Dental | null |
e3c9cee9-73c5-4a89-8633-7ddcdc6adde9 | Which of the following is not a provisional entity as per WHO 2016 classification of Acute leukemia? | AML with hyperploidy | B - ALL with BCR - ABL like mutatio | AML with BCR - ABL | Early T - cell precursor leukemia / Lymphoma | 0a
| multi | In Myeloid/lymphoid neoplasms with eosinophilia nad rearrangement of PDGFRA, PDGFRB, OR FGFR1, or with PCM1-JAK2 Provisional entity: Myeloid/ lymphoid neoplasms with PCM1-JAK2 In MDS Provisional entity: Refractory cytopenia of childhood In AML and related neoplasms Provisional entity: AML with BCR-ABL1 Provisional entity: AML with mutated RUNX1 In B cell lymphoblastic leukemia Provision entity: B-lymphoblastic leukemia/ lymphoma, BCR-ABL1-like Provision entity: B-lymphoblastic leukemia/ lymphoma with iAMP21 In T cell lymphoblastic leukemia Provisional entity: Early T-cell precursor lymphoblatic leukemia Provisional entity: Natural killer (NK) cell lymphoblastic leukemia/ lymphoma | Pathology | AIIMS 2018 |
8abcdea2-c351-4df7-ab42-8898201f9949 | For which of the following, you will not perform pulpectomy? | Primary teeth with sinus tract | Primary teeth without successor | Primary teeth with furcation pathology | Pulpless primary teeth next to the line of a palatal cleft | 2c
| single | Primary teeth with furcation pathology, pulpectomy is not indicated, rather it requires extraction. | Dental | null |
db876ffe-c2d5-4d12-9aa1-6745cac9cb2d | Video based question - AIIMS NICU - neonate shown on O2 with nasal prongs, not intubated, sister shown inseing a tube through the mouth, camera zooms in, 18 (calibration) mark seen, the other (green) end as of now not connected to anything, video ends, what is the procedure that is being done?VIDEO LINK: | Oral suction | Oropharyngeal suction | Nasogastric tube inse | Orogastric tube inseion | 3d
| single | Ans. D. Orogastric tube inseion | Pediatrics | null |
ba0534c9-3275-481d-8130-62a393d57b2a | Cranioveebral joint does not include: | Occipital condyle | Axis | Atlas | Wings of sphenoid | 3d
| single | Ans: D. Wings of sphenoid(Ref Gray's 40/e p733)Cranioveebral Joint:Consists of occipital condyles, atlas & axis.Aiculation between cranium & veebral column specialized - To provide a wider range of movement.Functions as a universal joint.Permits horizontal & veical scanning movements of head.Adapted for eye-head co-ordination. | Anatomy | null |
1d7c2dff-73e6-46d8-8d10-ab6ee7464701 | A 10–year old male child was presented to the pediatrician for evaluation of a seizure disorder. On examination a vascular plaque was found along the ophthalmic and maxillary divisions of the trigeminal nerve. The mother informed the pediatrician that the lesion was present since birth and there was no change in morphology. The most likely possibility is – | Sturge Weber syndrome | Infantile hemangioma | Congenital hemangioma | Proteus syndrome | 0a
| single | This child has :
Seizure disorder
Vascular plaque along the ophthalmic and maxillary divisions of trigeminal nerve
Lesion presenting since birth and not chonging in morphology
The diagnosis is sturge weber syndrome.
Sturge weber syndrome is a rare congenital vascular disorder characterized by facial capillary malformation (port wine stain) and associated capillary venous malformation affecting the brain and eye.
It consists of angiomas involving the leptomeninges and skin of face typically in the ophthalmic and maxillary distributions of trigeminal nerve. | Pediatrics | null |
2e82399f-9cef-4ba7-ae0e-9424c0efc321 | Which of the following is not a tumor suppressor gene? | pRb | p16 | PTCH | c-erbB1 | 3d
| single | null | Pathology | null |
bed477a6-5416-4f65-9859-e454fa02adbc | All of the following can cause epidemic in post-disaster period except | Leishmaniasis | Leptospirosis | Rickettsiosis | Acute respiratory infections | 0a
| multi | Ans. a. LeishmaniasisPost-disaster PeriodAn outbreak of gastroenteritis is the most commonly repoed disease in the post-disaster period. Increased incidence of acute respiratory infections is also common in the displaced population.Vector-borne diseases will not appear immediately but may take several weeks to reach epidemic levels. Displacement of domestic and wild animals increases the risk of transmission of zoonoses. Some of these animals may be reservoirs of infections such as leptospirosis, rickettsiosis, etc.Rickettsial diseases are also seen post-disaster especially in refugee camps.Wild animals are reservoirs of infections, which can be fatal such as equine encephalitis, rabies, and infections still unknown to humans. | Social & Preventive Medicine | null |
063acadd-aa14-4684-87cb-ee4ee644da8c | A 10 years old boy came to emergency with complains of severe pain in right scrotum that is not relieved for the past 1 hour. On examination, testicular torsion of the right side is suspected. The surgical intervention should be: | Immediate scrotal exploration of the affected side and operate opposite side if symptomatic | Delay exploration and operate opposite side if symptomatic | Immediate exploration of the affected side and operate opposite side even if asymptomatic | Delayed exploration on the affected side along with the opposite side even if asymptomatic | 2c
| single | Testicular torsion - It is a surgical emergency - Confirm the diagnosis by decreased vascularity in Doppler (IOC) - Emergency orchidopexy- Within 4 hours - In patients of ischemia - Orchidectomy - During orchidopexy- Contralateral hemiscrotum should be explored and fixed because bell clappers deformity is usually bilateral. - Bilateral orchidopexy is preferred for Testicular torsion | Surgery | AIIMS 2019 |
b444b8b8-faf7-4a56-be73-c880ad2f2c8f | In which of the following condition, mandibular stabilization is not governed by the facial nerve contraction? | Infantile swallow | Mature swallow | Complex tongue thrusting | Retained infantile swallow | 1b
| multi | null | Dental | null |
362bf8a9-de7e-48dd-aecf-3ecd13b280b8 | If during an application of an orthodontic force, the level declines to zero between activations then the force duration is classified as: | Continuous force | Interrupted force | Intermittent force | Differential force | 1b
| single | null | Dental | null |
c31b85f2-e3c3-4122-a330-2d5452dfb836 | Counter bevel in tooth should not be given in | Facial surface of premolar | Occlusal surface of premolar | Lingual surface of premolar | Any surface of premolar | 0a
| single | Direct lines: “A counter bevel is not placed on the facial cusps of maxillary premolars and first molars due to esthetic considerations”. | Dental | null |
599296cf-99e1-4a99-8322-cc24fef094a7 | A Rh-negative mother, who has Indirect Coombs Test (ICT), negative was given Anti-D during 28 weeks of pregnancy. Which of the following is the ideal one? | Give another dose of Anti-D 72 hours postpaum depending on the baby blood group | Give another dose of Anti-D 72 hours postpaum irrespective of baby blood group | No need of additional dose since she is ICT negative | All of the above | 0a
| multi | Answer- A. Give another dose of Anti-D 72 hours postpaum depending on the baby blood groupACOG (2010) recommends anti-D immune globulin to be given prophylactically to all Rh D-negative, unsensitized women at approximately 28 weeks, and a second dose given after delivery if the infant is Rh D-positive. Before the 28-week dose of anti-D immune globulin, repeat antibocly screening is recommended to identify individuals who have become alloimmunized. Following delivery, anti-D immune globulin should be given within 72 hours. | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
cd0df6a2-1e8f-41e9-8304-1b8742ea993d | Anti-epileptic which is not associated with congenital malformation when used in pregnant woman is: | Phenytoin | Phenobarbitone | Carbamazepine | Valproate | 1b
| single | Phenobarbitone is considered as safest antiepileptic drug in pregnancy. | Medicine | null |
77751054-8726-4033-9baa-2e935dba4032 | Which of the following is not responsible for endogenous staining of teeth during development? | Tetracycline | Rh incompatibility | Neonatal liver disease | Vitamin-C deficiency | 3d
| single | null | Dental | null |
937dd47d-2d03-4bb7-a36d-d82a58f565d5 | A young girl hospitalised with anorexia nervosa is on treatment, Even after taking adequate food according to the recommended diet plan for last 1 week, there is no gain in weight, what is the next step in management: | Increase fluid intake | Observe patient for 2 hours after meal | Increase the do se of anxiolytics | Increase the caloric intake from 1500 kcal to 2000 kcal per day | 1b
| multi | Ans. B. Observe patient for 2 hours after mealIn this condition because the food is often regurgitated after meals, the staff may be able to control vomiting by making the bathroom inaccessible for at least 2 hours after meals or by having an attendant in the bathroom to prevent the oppounity for vomiting.The hospital staff should give the patients about 500 calories over the amount required to maintain their present weight (usually 1500 to 2000 calories a day). | Psychiatry | null |
3728d7be-8279-4b79-a826-e568441ff21a | Which of these amino acids does not enter the Krebs cycle by forming Acetyl-CoA pyruvate? | Glycine | Tyrosine | Hydroxyprolinc | Alanine | 1b
| single | Ans: B. Tyrosine(Ref: Harper 30Ie p165)Tyrosine enters Krebs cycle fumarate, while all others form pyruvate to enter the Krebs cycle. | Biochemistry | null |
31913a50-8459-47c0-b142-7a31df3f16c3 | find false statement regarding sensory endings | Annulospiral wrap the ends | Primary ending is annulospiral | Primary ending conduct 1a fibres | Flower spray is secondary | 0a
| multi | null | Physiology | null |
335e8fc5-5039-4876-a07e-42364a9c8cfb | Glycogen synthesis and breakdown takes place in the same cell, having enzymes necessary for both the pathways. Why the glucose-6-phosphate, freshly synthesized during glycogenesis in cytoplasm of hepatocytes, is not immediately degraded by the enzyme glucose!6-phosphatase? | The thermodynamics does not or such a reaction to occur | Glucose-6-phosphatase is present in the endoplasmic reticulum and cannot act on glycogen formed in the cytoplasm | Glycogenesis and glycogenolysis are tightly regulated such that enzymes of only one of those is present at a time. | Steric hindrance due to albumin | 1b
| multi | Ans: B. Glucose-6-phosphatase is present in the endoplasmic reticulum and cannot act on glycogen formed in the cytoplasm(Ref Harper 30/e p178)Glucose-6-phosphate:Formed in cytoplasm of hepatocytes.Glucose-6-phosphatase:Present in lumen of smooth endoplasmic reticulum of cell.Reaction does not take place until gluconeogenesis is ored.Glucose-6-phosphatase catalyzes hydrolysis of glucose-6-phosphate in liver - Expos glucose a increases blood glucose concentration | Biochemistry | null |
25027d40-3f29-40e0-a29b-23bd913f2152 | Which of the following is not a branch of external carotid artery | Posterior auricular artery | Occipital artery | Maxillary artery | Ophthalmic artery | 3d
| single | Branches of ECA:-
Anterior - superior thyroid, lingual a., Facial a.
Posterior - Occipital a., Posterior auricular a.
Medial - Ascending pharyngeal a.
Terminal - Maxillary a., Superficial temporal a. | Anatomy | null |
4d1e7661-fffc-42d0-8bed-1e4ecc040fe8 | A 35 years old female patient present with hearing loss with improvement in hearing in noisy environment. On examination Rinne's is negative and weber's is centralized. Following is the audiometry repo. What is the most likely diagnosis: | Meniere's disease | Perilymph fistula | Stapedial Otosclerosis | Vestibular Schwannoma | 2c
| single | POINTS OURING STAPEDIAL OTOSCLEROSIS: - Conductive hearing loss. - MC seen in females 20-30 yrs. - hears better in noisy surrounding (Paraacusis willisii) - Audiometry repo a dip at 2000Hz (Carha's notch) Meniere's disease causes SNHL. Perilymph fistula will cause SNHL. Vestibular schwannoma also will cause SNHL. | ENT | AIIMS 2019 |
643c04b4-2478-4bb6-972d-196073f07322 | Myocardial infarction; signs are all except | ‘a’ wave elevation | Levine’s sign | Kussmaul’s sign | Bradycardia in case of infarction of anterior portion of heart | 3d
| multi | Kussmaul sign is a paradoxical rise in jugular venous pressure (JVP) on inspiration, or a failure in the appropriate fall of the JVP with inspiration
Levine's sign is a clenched fist held over the chest to describe ischemic chest pain
Bradycardia, in case of ischaemia of inferior part of the heart.
Tachycardia, in case of ischaemia of anterior portion of heart. | Medicine | null |
ac1196e0-224c-4c6c-a6b8-2853a776ade6 | Which one of the following is NOT a socio-economic indicator? | Literacy rate | Life expectancy at birth | Housing | Family size | 1b
| single | Socio-economic indicators:
Housing
Family size
Literacy rate
Availability per capitacalorie
Per capita GNP
Growth rate
Level of unEmployment
Dependency ratio | Social & Preventive Medicine | null |
d4c4bf0d-08ef-47e6-b8e2-e530082fa63a | Which of the following drug should not be given in a patient of narrow angle glaucoma? | Phenylephrine | Timolol | Acetazolamide | Homatropine | 3d
| single | Answer- D. HomatropineHomatropine is a mydriatic, which can precipitate angle closure glaucoma and contraindicated in angle closure glaucoma.Phenylephrine, Timolol and Acetazolamide are used for the treatment of angle closure glaucoma.'Mydriatic drugs such as atropine, Homatropine, cyclopentolate, tropicamide and phenylephrine are precipitating factorsfor angle closure glaucoma, so contraindicated in angle closure glaucoma. | Ophthalmology | null |
c848ac2e-6165-47e9-82ac-a59fb2ac705b | A patient complains of numbness of lower lip. There is no history of tooth extraction . It could be: | Infection | Metastatic neoplasia. | Dental menipulation. | CNS disease. | 1b
| single | null | Pathology | null |
8ebdd274-45aa-4055-bc13-746368d44148 | False regarding protective co-contraction muscle splinting: | Reduced mouth opening due to infection | Protective co-contraction is not a pathologic condition | There is no pain reported when the muscle is at rest, but use of the muscle will typically result in increased pain. | Altered sensory input or pain, antagonistic muscle groups fire during movement in an attempt to protect the injured part. | 0a
| multi | Protective Co-contraction (Muscle Splinting)
Protective co-contraction is the initial response of a muscle to altered sensory or proprioceptive input or injury (or threat of injury). This response has also been called protective muscle splinting or coactivation. It is not associated with reduced mouth opening due to infection. | Dental | null |
0fd8b1cf-309f-4bcd-b1d6-d6a1f07d440f | 11 yr female in the school brought to principle by teacher that she is always crying unattentive not taking interest in any activity. On fuher investigation the girl told that she was inappropriately touched by her uncle at private pas at her home. Principle inform to whom ? | Child welfare | Parents | Police | Magistrate | 2c
| single | THE PROTECTION OF CHILDREN FROM SEXUAL OFFENCES (POCSO) ACT, 2012 * Repoing the offence to the police is mandatory. Failure to repo, attracts punishment with imprisonment of up to 6 months or fine or both. Section 19 of the POCSO Act, 2012 provides mandatory repo of child sexual offences to the Special Juvenile Police Unit or the local police | Forensic Medicine | AIIMS 2019 |
7ac6c505-a563-4d72-a4c7-8c9681df35b0 | Wound that does not involve dermis is | Abrasion | contusion | Laceration | Incision | 0a
| single | null | Surgery | null |
2c4a6f65-70ac-45ad-9bd5-54de396908fd | Which is not a dimorphic fungi? | P. marneffi | Histoplasma capsulatum | Blastomyces dermatitidis | Pneumocystis jirovecii | 3d
| single | Dimorphic fungi :- They exist as molds in the environment at ambient temperature(250C) and as yeasts in human tissues at body temperature(370C). several medically impoant fungi are thermally dimorphic such as:- Histoplasma capsulatum Blastomyces dermatitidis Coccidiodes immitis Paracoccidiodes brasiliensis Penicillium marneffei Sporothrix schenckii All of the above mentioned dimorphic fungi causes systemic mycoses except sporothrix which is responsible for sub cutaneous infection. | Microbiology | AIIMS 2017 |
682e030c-c972-45cf-b2d7-3146876acff7 | All of the following statements about idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura are true EXCEPT | It is associated with platelet-specific auto-antibodies | It causes a prolonged bleeding time | It is often controllable by immunosuppressive treatment | It causes more prolonged hemorrhage than hemophilia | 3d
| multi | null | Pathology | null |
cc64f500-28ff-4757-9bef-65e53ea5685f | In a patient of rheumatic heart disease with fever and mitral valve vegetations due to infective endocarditis, the vegetation usually do no embolise to: | Brain | Lungs | Liver | Spleen. | 1b
| multi | null | Medicine | null |
6788f1c9-7377-4903-a8df-21c81f252f7c | A lady delivered a normal vaginal delivery and was discharged. On third day she came back with fever, tachycardia and seizures. Fundus showed papilledema with no focal deficits. What is the most likely diagnosis? | Coical vein thrombosis | Meningitis | Subarachnoid hemorrhage | Acute migraine | 0a
| single | Answer- A. Coical vein thrombosisCoical Vein Thrombosis (CVT)Incidence of CVT is increased during pregnancy & in puerperiumIncidence appears higher in developing countries.Predisposing Factors:Prothrombotic conditions, OCPs, pregnancy, puerperiumMalignancy, infection & head injuryClinical Features:MC presenting symptom: Headaches (of gradual, acute, or thunderclap onset)Associated features may include focal neurological sings, seizures and coma.Diagnosis:Diagnosis is done with MR venography.Treatment:Anticonvulsants for seizures; heparinization is recommended by most, its efflcacy is controversial.Antimicrobials for septic thrombophlebitisFibrinolytic therapy is reserved for those women failing systemic anticoagulation | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
cac444fd-aa7a-4b1d-9940-826b0a6af137 | Not responsible for chronic gingival inflammation? | Neutrophil | Macrophages | T-lymphocytes | Plasma cells | 0a
| single | null | Dental | null |
8eb6ddd8-9df1-4280-b1bc-e9b8a289db82 | For calculation of sample size for a prevalence study all of the following are necessary except | Prevalence of disease in population | Power of the study | Significance level | Desired precision | 3d
| multi | Sample size depends upon:
The effect size (usually the difference between 2 groups).
The population standard deviation (for continuous data).
The desired power of the experiment to detect the postulated effect (Power = 1 – b)
The significance level. | Dental | null |
1146bb08-e590-4323-a743-83bc2d531045 | A 10 year old child came to the OPD with pain and mass in right lumbar region with no fever, with right hip flexed. The pain increased on extension and X ray showed spine changes. Most probable diagnosis is: | Psoas abscess | Pyonephrosis | Appendicular lump in retrocecal position | Torsion of Right undescended testis | 0a
| single | From the given history: No fever Mass in right lumbar region Spine changes - Pyonephrosis, Appendicular lump in retrocecal position, Torsion of Right undescended testis can be ruled out as these conditions wont present with these clinical features Psoas abscess: Psoas Abscesses: The psoas muscle is another location in which abscesses are encountered. Psoas abscesses may arise from a hematogenous source, by contiguous spread from an intra- abdominal or pelvic process, or by contiguous spread from nearby bony structures (e.g., veebral bodies). Associated osteomyelitis due to spread from bone to muscle or from muscle to bone is common in psoas abscesses. When pott's disease was common, Mycobacterium tuberculosis was a frequent cause of psoas abscess. Currently, either S. aureus or a mixture of enteric organisms including aerobic and anaerobic gram-negative bacilli is usually isolated from psoas abscesses in the United States. S. aureus is most likely to be isolated when a psoas abscess arises from hematogenous spread or a contiguous focus of osteomyelitis; a mixed enteric flora is the most likely etiology when the abscess has an intra- abdominal or pelvic source. Patients with psoas abscesses frequently present with fever, lower abdominal or back pain, or pain referred to the hip or knee. CT is the most useful diagnostic technique."- Harrison 19/e p852 "Spinal TB (Pott's disease or tuberculous spondylitis) often involves two or more adjacent veebral bodies. Whereas the upper thoracic spine is the most common site of spinal TB in children, the lower thoracic and upper lumbar veebrae are usually affected in adults. From the anterior superior or inferior angle of the veebral body, the lesion slowly reaches the adjacent body, later affecting the interveebral disk. With advanced disease, collapse of veebral bodies results in kyphosis (gibbus). A paraveebral "cold" abscess may also form. In the upper spine, this abscess may track to and penetrate the chest wall, presenting as a soft tissue mass; in the lower spine, it may reach the inguinal ligaments or present as a psoas abscess. "Harrison 19/e p1110 | Surgery | AIIMS 2017 |
c8c58b43-3a44-4e38-a6b3-245af1dcf2ab | The process by which the amount of a drug in the body decreases after administration, but before entering the systemic circulation is called: | Excretion | First pass effect | First order elimination | Metabolism | 1b
| multi | Reduction in the amount of drug before it enters the systemic circulation is called first pass metabolism (also known as first pass effect) whereas, if the amount of drug decreases after entry into the systemic circulation, it is called elimination. Latter includes excretion and metabolism. | Pharmacology | null |
97b2703f-bd3b-4791-a000-bc310975d650 | The following condition do not create gingival defects necessitating gingivoplasty except | Acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis | Desquamative gingivitis | Erosive lichen planus | Acute herpetic gingivostomatitis | 0a
| multi | null | Dental | null |
8692345e-a600-4355-a964-bb514b16d977 | Gene not involved in SCID | BTK | ZAP70 | IL2RG | JAK3 | 0a
| single | BTK gene is involved in Buon's disease or X linked agammaglobulinemia. Most cases of X linked Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) are due to mutations in IL2RG gene. Other mutations are defective enzyme production in Adenosine deaminase and mutations in ZAP -70 which causes defective T cell signalling which causes combined immunodeficiency and mutation occurs in JAK-3. | Microbiology | AIIMS 2019 |
ea6f0358-ea68-42bc-b72c-d1fcaad7e10e | Lip and mentalis muscle contraction are not seen in: | Mature swallow | Simple tongue thrust | Complex tongue thrust | All of the above | 0a
| multi | null | Dental | null |
519a4ff4-7e05-455a-b8dd-edd85636dccf | Which of the following is not true regarding teeth features and ethnicity? | Upper third molar is most commonly absent in Mongolians | Carabelli cusps are seen in Caucasians | Negros have wide molar cusps and deep, shovel shaped cusps in incisors | Prominent lingual ridge and labial ridge is seen in Mongolians | 2c
| multi | Answer- C. Negros have wide molar cusps and deep, shovel-shaped cusps in incisors The presence of shovel-shaped incision is a feature of Mongolians, and it is uncommon in Negros.A congenital lack of the third upper molar is most common in Mongolians but can occur in any race. Small nodules on the lingual surface of maxillary molars, called 'Carabelli's cusp', are most common in Caucasian races and rare in the other major racial groups. Negroid races tend to have large teeth and often have more cusps on their molars, even up to eight, with two lingual cusps on the mandibular first premolars as an additional common finding. | Forensic Medicine | null |
d8e3d7c2-cf2f-4dad-a3ad-50352f228de4 | Not true about NRHM | Appoint ASHA | Strengthen institutional delivery under JSY | Health and family welfare societies | State and district health mission | 2c
| multi | null | Dental | null |
dc020962-d8a1-4790-b268-c6dadb000137 | A term neonate with unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia of 18 mg/dl on 20th day. All are common causes except – | Breast rnilk jaundice | Congenital cholangiopathy | G 6PD deficiency | Hypothyroidism | 1b
| multi | This child has unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia, while congenital cholangiopathy causes conjugated hyperbilirubinemia.
reastfeeding jaundice and Breastmilk jaundice
There is strong association between exclusive breastfeeding and neonatal jaundice.
A few babies who remain on exclusive breast feed develop jaundice in the second week of life and continue well into the third month. This is called breastmilk jaundice.
A bilirubin level of over 20 mg/dl may be attained. (It is presumed to be due to inhibitory substances in the breastmilk that interfere with bilirubin conjugation e.g. pregananediol and free fatty acids).
Temporary interruption of breastmilk feeds will dramatically reduce the serum levels of bilirubin and there may be slight increase in bilirubin when breast feeding is resumed, but it never reaches the previous levels. Hypothyroidism
Persistent elevation of indirect bilirubin is the first sign of congenital hypothyroidism in neonates.
This is due to decreased activity of UDPGT for weeks or months after birth.
At least 10% of all infants with congenital hypothyroidism will have jaundice as the presenting symptom.
Treatment with thyroxine promptly alleviates jaundice.
G-6PD deficiency
There is hemolytic anemia that results in increased production of unconjugated bilirubin. | Pediatrics | null |
38d19909-c427-44de-9fff-8b43342040ea | Calculate net filtration pressure with the following data: PGC = 42 mm Hg pGC = 12 mm Hg PBC= 16 mm Hg Assume that no proteins were filtered. | 34 mm Hg | Data not sufficient | 14 mm Hg | 28 mm Hg | 2c
| single | Force oring filtration = Glomerular capillary hydrostatic pressure(PGC = 42mm Hg) Forces opposing filtration = Plasma colloid oncotic pressure (pGC = 12 mm Hg) Bowman's capsule hydrostatic pressure (PSC = 16mm Hg) : Net = PsC + pGC = 12 + 16= 28mm Hg : NET FILTRATION PRESSURE = 42 - 28 mm Hg = 14mm Hg. | Physiology | AIIMS 2018 |
da743fb8-1db4-4fee-9e20-351d78dc60c9 | Presented edema, oliguria and frothy urine. He has no past history of similar complaints. On examination, his urine was positive for 3+ proteinuria, no RBCs/WBCs and no casts. His serum albumin was 2.5 gm/L and serum creatinine was 0.5 mg/dL. The most likely diagnosis is: | Minimal change disease | IgA nephropathy | Interstitial nephritis | Membranous nephropathy | 0a
| single | Ans: A.Minimal change disease(Ref Harrison 19/e p184, 18/2345)Most likely diagnosis - Minimal change disease.Minimal Change Disease:Peak age of onset = Between 6-8 years of age (usually <10 years)Type of onset = InsidiousTypical presentation = Nephrotic syndromeHallmark of Nephrotic syndrome =Peripheral edema.Occurs when serum albumin levels < 3 gm/dlLaboratory findings = Proteinuria & hypoalbuminemia. | Pediatrics | null |
752fa9af-ae3d-444f-aa2a-4d6c2b0b20d2 | Which of the following is not attached laterally to thyroid cartilage, or all the following muscles are attached to the oblique line of thyroid cartilage except: | Sternothyroid | Thyrohyoid | Superior constrictor | Inferior constrictor | 2c
| multi | Larynx is composed of nine cartilage out of which 3 are paired and 3 unpaired.
Paired - Arytenoids, corniculates and cuneiforms. Unpaired - Thyroid, cricoids, epiglottis.
Thyroid cartilage is the largest cartilage of larynx.
On the lateral surface of thyroid cartilage three extrinsic laryngeal muscle are connects to it as:
Sternohyoid
Thyrohyoid
Inferior pharyngeal constrictor. | Anatomy | null |
1dc55cbe-41dc-4dda-9e52-cbc66d59d9b6 | Antischkow cells are present in all of the following conditions except | Sickle cell anaemia | Iron deficiency anaemia | Apthous ulcer | herpes simplex | 3d
| multi | null | Pathology | null |
5eb813a6-a84e-4b34-ae56-80e38f5a44b5 | Patient on dental chair during extraction becomes unconscious; patient is breathing but not responsive. Your first step will be: | Recline chair and shout for help and give oxygen | Check BP and pulse and intubate | Start CPR immediately | ECG | 0a
| multi | null | Surgery | null |
e356b193-bb0c-4a38-9d5b-e14317c5ec09 | Which of the following structures is not present on the internal surface of mandible? | Genial tubercle | Mylohyoid ridge | Lingula | Mental foramen | 3d
| single | Mental foramen is present on the outer surface of body of mandible between the roots of two premolars | Anatomy | null |
38b6ac73-f821-4d98-a15c-f42f59044aac | A mother and her 4 year old son are seated alone in
a reception area with the child staring off into space,
rocking and constantly twisting a strand of hair about
his fingers. Upon entry of another person, the child
begins to beat his fist against the side of his face and
behaves as though he does not hear his mother speaking
to him. This behavior is most characteristic of: | An autistic child | A mentally retarded child | First dental appointment anxieties of a 4 year old child | A child with a chronic seizure disorder | 0a
| multi | null | Dental | null |
d8f1b1c9-0dee-4d4b-9ab1-d0380a4e2502 | Which one of the following is not FDA approved | GEM 215 | Elyzol | Periochip | Atridox | 1b
| single | null | Dental | null |
3a540909-ac85-4d6b-a7af-be0300a93207 | All are features of non paralytic polio except – | Absent deep tendon reflexes | Head drop | Nuchal rigidity | Knee heel test negative | 0a
| multi | Poliomyelitis
The usual age group affected by poliomyelitis is between 6 months to 3 years.
Incubation period —> 7-14 days.
Clinical manifestations
Clinical course of Poliomyelitis has following stages.
1. Inapparent (subclinical) infection
Occurs in 95% of infected individuals.
Patient is asymptomatic
2. Minor (abortive) illness
1114-8% of infection.
Fever, sore throat, headache adn malaise.
Associated with phase of viremia.
Lasts for 1 to 5 days
3. Aseptic meningitis
In 1% of infected cases.
Signs of menigitis —> Neck rigidity, vomiting etc.
4. Paralytic polio
In less than 1% of infections.
Note : First 3 stages are non-paralytic polio. | Pediatrics | null |
36535f13-db82-4771-afd8-3f210207b234 | Which of the following conversions does not require Biotin as a cofactor? | Gamma carboxylation of glutamate | Acetyl Co-A to Malonyl Co-A | Propionyl Co-A to methyl malonyl Co-A | Pyruvate to oxaloacetate | 0a
| single | Ans: A. Gamma carboxylation of glutamate(Ref: Harrison 19/e p96e-5; Harper 30/e p550, 561)Gamma carboxylation of glutamate:Carried out by Gamma-glutamyl carboxylase.Gamma-glutamyl carboxylase:Vitamin-K dependent enzyme.Catalyzes post-translational modification of vitamin K-dependent proteins.Biotin:Transfers carbon dioxide in reactions like acetyl-CoA carboxylase, pyruvate carboxylase, propionyl-CoA carboxylase & methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase.Biotin functions to transfer carbon dioxide in reactionsPyruvate carboxylasePyruvate (3C) to oxaloacetate (4C) in gluconeogenesisdegAcetyl-CoA carboxylaseAcetyl-CoA (2C) to malonyl-CoA (3C) in lipid synthesis.Propionyl-CoA carboxylasePropionyl-Co A (3C) to methylmalonyl-CoA (4C) inMethylmalonyl CoA carboxyl Propionic acid synthesis in bacteriaMethylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylaseLeucine catabolism | Biochemistry | null |
ca435de5-729e-4d62-8d92-116f5afb5a48 | The concentration of a negative ion is 100 mMoUL extracellular and 10 mMo1/1 intracellular. What will be the Nernst potential for this ion? | --10 mV | +10 mV | --61 mV | +61 mV | 2c
| single | Ans: C. --61 mVRef: Ganong 25Ie p9, p24Ie p9-10; Guyton 13Ie p61Ek = 61.5 log Ci/CeIntracellular concentration Ci = 100Extracellular concentration Ce = 10EK = 61 C log100/10 = -61 mV. | Physiology | null |
515dde1e-02e3-41d5-a88f-3d2a99421bde | The enamel has no capacity of self —repair because | It has only a small percent of organic content | Its formative cells are lost once it is completely formed | It is essentially a keratin tissue and has no blood vessels | It has no direct connection with the active cells of the dental pulp | 1b
| multi | null | Dental | null |
4babb6af-7f56-4e4b-a5b5-df775b7928c5 | All parasites are in hepatocytes Except ? | Toxoplasma | P. falciparium | Leishmania | Babesia | 3d
| multi | Answer- D. Babesia* Babesia is an parasite which parasitizes RBCs like Plasmodium* visceral leishmaniasis is an infection in hepatocytes ,* Malaria especially with Plasmodium falciparum hepatomegaly can develop early and subsides with treatment. | Microbiology | null |
c392ae6f-bcce-4129-9357-c99cf10dbafa | Which of the following is not true regarding iron supplementation in iron deficiency anemia? | Administer a small diluted dose first prior to infusion to look for any allergy to iron preparation | Oral iron therapy should be stopped once the patient achieves a hemoglobin of >12 mg/dL | If gastric intolerance to oral iron therapy occurs, all patients should be administered parenteral forms | Parenteral iron supplementation is required in a patient with Hb of less then 7 mg/dL | 1b
| multi | Ans: B. Oral iron therapy should be stopped once the patient achieves a hemoglobin of >12 mg/dL(Ref: Harrison 19/e p629. 18/e p849)Iron-deficiency anemia - Goal of therapy:Not only repair anemia.Provide stores of at least 0.5-1 g of iron.Sustained treatment for period of 6-12 months after anemia correction necessary to achieve stores. | Medicine | null |
33a771be-dfbc-4cdd-bb77-09b838ffea2a | Which of the following is not the diagnostic feature of Apert syndrome: | Bicoronal craniosynostosis | Midface hypoplasia | Mandibular hypoplasia | Complex syndactyly | 2c
| single | null | Dental | null |
94f8a4d4-c1b9-4c3e-a71a-dd4658d92dd7 | Which of the following is not an obstructive cause of mouth breathing: | Deviated nasal septum. | Short lip. | Narrow maxilla. | Obstructive adenoids. | 1b
| single | Short lip is an anatomic cause. | Dental | null |
2374ffe7-dc10-4f81-9ec7-0c883fb64c55 | All are true about use of articaine in a child except | It's an amide which is metabolised in both plasma and liver | Plasma half-life is 90 min | Infiltration produces adequate anaesthesia in primary molar so need for block anesthesia is eliminated | More breakdown cause less toxicity | 1b
| multi | null | Surgery | null |
525c0f64-0789-4991-9192-e8e8b7e65f43 | Good contacts in primary teeth with lack of spacing predicts? | Normal occlusion in permanent teeth | Crowding in permanent teeth | Anterior cross bite | Spaced permanent dentition | 1b
| single | null | Dental | null |