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ced0e6e7-048a-467e-aa7e-e10def9ebb5e | Which of the following is not used as a disinfectant? | 1-2% Cetrimide | 100% Alcohol | 2% Lysol | 5% Chloroxylene | 1b
| single | A 70% solution of alcohol takes more time in evaporation from the surface, increasing the contact time. Therefore, 70% isopropyl alcohol is suitable for disinfection.
100% isopropyl alcohol coagulates the protein instantly creating a protein layer that protects the remaining protein from further coagulation. | Microbiology | null |
9a704b1d-b36c-4f55-b1f1-89af27e8c346 | A 27 years old pregnant lady comes with severe jaundice and altered sensorium. On examination, the patient is deeply icteric, not responding to commands and pelvic sonogram reveals intrauterine fetal death. Serum bilirubin levels are 28.8 mg/dL (direct = 18.6 mg/dL), AST levels are 1063 and ALT levels are 1191. The viral markers are as follows. What is the likely diagnosis?Anti-HAV IgGReactiveAnti-HAV IgMNonreactiveHbSAgNon reactiveAnti-HbSAgNonreactiveAnti-HBc IgMNonreactiveAnti-HBc IgGReactiveAnti-HCV IgGNonreactiveAnti-HEV IgMReactiveAnti-HEV IgGNon reactive | Acute hepatitis E superimposed on chronic liver failure due to hepatitis B | Fulminant hepatitis due to hepatitis B infection | Acute hepatitis E with chronic hepatitis A | Fulminant hepatitis due to hepatitis E infection | 3d
| single | Ans: D. Fulminant hepatitis due to hepatitis E infection(Ref: Harrison 191e p2018, 18/e p2546)In the question, anti-HBc IgG is reactive but HbsAg is negative, the case is a recovered case from hepatitis B.Hepatitis A is rarely chronic, can he ruled out from the given options.Anti-HAV IgG suggests recovered case from HAV infections.Anti-HEV 1gM is an indicator of acute hepatitis E infection.History of pregnancy and high serum bilirubin with raised AST and ALT is suggestive of fulminant hepatitis E.Commonly Encountered Serologic Patterns of Hepatitis B InfectionHBsAgAnti-HBsAnti-HBcHBeAgAnti-HBeInterpretation+-IgM+-* Acute hepatitis B, high infectivity+-IgG+-* Chronic hepatitis B, high infectivitydeg+ IgG-+* Late acute or chronic hepatitis B, low infectivitydeg* HBeAg-negative (`precore-mutant) hepatitis B (chronic or rarely acute) | Medicine | null |
92ffd21c-7c27-4993-ba50-4145217b05cb | Dengue shock syndrome is characterized by the following except : | Hepatomegaly | Pleural effusion | Thrombocytopenia | Decreased haemoglobin | 3d
| multi | Dengue hemorrhagic fever :
Fever.
Minor or Major hemorrhgic manifestations.
Hepatomegaly.
Thrombocytopenia 100,000/mm3.
Hypoalbuminemia.
Objective evidence of increased capillaty permeability (hematocrit 20%).
Pleural effusion (by chest radiograph).
Criteria for Dengue shock syndrome :
It includes those for dengue hemorrhagic fever plus, Hypotension or narrow pulse. | Pediatrics | null |
6d740ff7-c57b-4f62-a953-14e8b41fba76 | Endotoxin of gram -ve bacteria that do not cause pathogenesis of natural disease | Mycobacterium | Klebsiella | Vibrio | E.coli | 2c
| single | null | Microbiology | null |
ce7d3beb-17f5-416a-9584-6fdf807f4d99 | A 24 years old female presented with patchy hair loss in the right temporal and occipital region. Examination revealed non- scarring alopecia with multiple small broken hairs. Scrapings from scalp showed mild inflammation, peri-follicular hemorrhage and surrounding mild lymphocytic infiltration. What is the most likely diagnosis? | Alopecia areata | Androgenic alopecia | Loose anagen hair | Trichotillomania | 3d
| multi | Ans: D. Trichotillomania (Ref: Rooks 8/e p55, Fitzputrick 6/e p/55).Patchy hair loss in the right temporal and occipital region in a 24-years-old female non- scarring alopecia with multiple small broken hairs and mild (sparsity) of a perifollicular inflammatory infiltrate is highly suggestive of trichotillomania. | Skin | null |
46872392-e33f-464f-a194-93ea23830da9 | Which of the following cranial nerve not associated with olfaction? | XII | IX | V | X | 0a
| single | Ans. A. XIIXII nerve is a motor nerve; does not play role in olfaction and gustation.Cranial Nerves -- Components and FunctionsNumberNameFunctionIOlfactory nerve Smell sensationIIOptic nerve VisionIIIOculomotor Turns eyeball upward, downward,and medially; Raises upper eyelid, alsoconstricts pupil; accommodates eyeIVTrochlear nerve It helps in turning eyeball downwardand laterallyVTrigeminalMaxillarydivisionSupplies dura mater of anterior paof middle cranial fossa, conjunctiva ofinferior eyelid, skin of face over maxilla;teeth of upper jaw; mucous membrane NumberNameFunction OphthalmicdivisionSupplies cornea, superior conjunctiva,skin of dorsum of external nose,forehead, scalp, superior eyelids, andalso mucous nasal cavity, ethmoid,frontal and sphenoid sinuses MandibulardivisionSkin of lower lip, buccal, parotid andtemporal regions of face, external ear(Auricle, tympanic membrane andacoustic meatus), mucous membraneof mouth and anterior two-third paof tongue. Supplies 4 muscles of mastication,mylohyoid, anteriorbelly of digastric, tensor tympani andtensor veli palatini VI Abducent Lateral rectus muscle turns eyeballlaterally NumberName FunctionVIIFacial Taste from anterior two-thirdsof tongue, from floor of mouth andpalate Muscles of face and scalp,stapedius muscle, posterior belly ofdigastric and stylohyoid muscles Submandibular and sublingualsalivary glands,the lacrimal gland, andglands of nose and palate VIII VestibulocochlearCochlear Organ of Coi--hearing VestibularFrom utricle and saccule andsemicircular canals--positionand movement of headIXGlossopharyngeal General sensation and taste fromposterior one-third of tongue andpharynx; carotid sinus (baroreceptor);and carotid body (chemoreceptor) NumberName Function Stylopharyngeus muscle--assistsswallowingParasympathetic parotid salivary gland X Vagus Hea and great thoracic blood vessels;larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs;alimentary tract from pharynx tosplenic flexure ofcolon; liver, kidneys, and pancreas XI Spinal accessory Cranial rootSternocleidomastoid and trapeziusmuscles Cranial root Muscles of soft palate (excepttensor veli palatini), pharynx (exceptstylopharyngeal), and larynx (exceptcricothyroid) in branches of vagus XII Hypoglossal Muscles of tongue (exceptpalatoglossus) controlling its shape andmovement | Anatomy | null |
436d7d2f-93e5-4a85-84b5-f4c701863126 | True about Levator Ani except - | Converge downwards & medially | Suppos viscera | Made up of iliococcygeus & pubococcygeus | Attached to pelvic brim | 3d
| multi | Ans. D. Attached to pelvic brimThe levator ani is made up of three pas:Iliococcygeus musclePubococcygeus musclePuborectalis muscleOrigin & Inseion:The levator ani arises, in front, from the posterior surface of the superior pubic ramus lateral to the symphysis behind, from the inner surface of the spine of the ischium and between these two points, from the obturator fascia.The fibers pass downward and backward to the middle line of the floor of the pelvis The most posterior are inseed into the side of the last two segments of the coccyx; those placed more anteriorly unite with the muscle of the opposite side, in a median fibrous ridge called the anococcygeal body or raphe, which extends between the coccyx and the margin of the anus.Action: Suppos the viscera in pelvic cavity | Anatomy | null |
ba5d61e1-087e-402b-9ea9-a4cc20f97c57 | Best medium to transport/store an avulsed tooth, which is not to be reimplanted immediately? (OR) the medium which maintains the vitality of PDl and thus indicated for long duration transport of an avulse tooth | Viaspan | Hanks balanced salt solution | Coconut water | Milk | 0a
| single | null | Dental | null |
1488b57a-2f58-4b18-8124-e94d25e980fb | True statements regarding the calculation of HDI are all of the following except | In gross enrolment, only secondary education is considered, not primary education | 1/3rd weightage is given to adult literacy | 2/3`dweightage is given to gross enrolmen | Country's achievement is computed on the basis of adult literacy | 3d
| multi | Ans. d. Country's achievement is computed on the basis of adult literacyThe knowledge and education index of a country is computed on the basis of adult literacy rate and combined gross enrollment ratio." | Social & Preventive Medicine | null |
2e0115a1-4971-407d-b5a1-ec1a70e6e066 | Asymptomatic hep B is common in 2-3% normal population, but there is increased risk of transmission into hepatocellular carcinoma. Why? | Inability to induce inflammation to remove the organism | High level of transaminases | High rate of proliferation of virus | Integration of viral DNA with host DNA | 3d
| single | Option A- Explanation for carrier stage Option C- Refers to high infectivity of the virus so basically higher chances of infection but not cancer. Option D- This leads to inhibition of apoptosis so might cause cancer of liver (HCC) | Medicine | AIIMS 2017 |
10050537-157e-47df-8995-ca68cd67467e | Which anti-cholinergic drug doesn't cross the blood brain barrier and placenta? | Glycopyrrolate bromide | Hyoscine bromide | Hyoscine butylbromide | Atropine | 0a
| single | null | Pharmacology | null |
78a1bd5f-291f-4708-a187-40fd3bc901e2 | Which of the following is carcinoma of the skin, spreads by local invasion and has no tendency to metastasise? | Malignant melanoma | Basal cell carcinoma | Fibrosarcoma | Leukoplakia | 1b
| single | null | Pathology | null |
71c8c85f-92ee-40ad-b1dd-42c8a9dacff7 | True about cardiolipin is all except | Found in inner mitochondrial membrane | Play role in process of apoptosis | Is Diphosphatidyl glycerol | Has choline base which has labile methyl group | 3d
| multi | Cardiolipin (diphosphatidylglycerol) is a phospholipid present in mitochondria.
It is formed from phosphatidylglycerol, which in turn is synthesized from CDP-diacylglycerol and glycerol 3-phosphate.
Cardiolipin, found in the inner membrane of mitochondria, has a key role in mitochondrial structure and function and is also thought to be involved in programmed cell death (apoptosis).
Cephalin: Has choline base which has labile methyl group.
Harper's Illustrated Biochemistry 30th edition page no 248 | Biochemistry | null |
dcb2ad3a-cefa-4fde-9b24-b694b287f9d7 | Transverse symphyseal fracture of mandible can be managed by all of the following, except | Lag screws | 2 mm compression plate | 2.5 mm monocortical plate | 1.5 mm single miniplates | 3d
| multi | null | Surgery | null |
64be099e-1057-4cd8-b5f1-f2e521c9ba6e | Second messenger for smooth muscle relaxation mediated by NO is: | Ca' | cAMP | cGMP | Magnesium | 2c
| single | Ans: C. cGMPRef.: Harper 30/e p290, 437)Second messenger for smooth muscle relaxation mediated by NO is cGMP."GTP serves as an allosteric regulator and as an energy source for protein synthesis, and cGMP serves as a second messenger in response to nitric oxide (NO) during relaxation of smooth muscle. | Biochemistry | null |
559675a7-0767-47f2-bd6e-fc2279032447 | If a bacteria were susceptible to both penicillin and Erythromycin, then it would not be appropriate to treat the patients with both antibiotics at the same time because | Penicillin is inactivated by erythromycin | Erythromycin exerts its effects extracellularly | Erythromycin enhances the β-lactamases activity | Penicillin is only effective against growing cells | 3d
| multi | null | Pharmacology | null |
1230c97d-c9b4-4b1d-8ced-986a8031ac45 | Which of the following is false about indirect opthalmoscopy? | Convex lens is used | Image is viual and erect | Magnification is 4-5 times | It is so bright that regular haziness is penetrated | 1b
| multi | Answer- B. Image is viual and erectIndirect Ophthalmoscopy:Convex lens is used of +16 to +18 DiopterImage is real and inveedMagnification is 4-5 timesIt is so bright that regular haziness is penetrated, useful for hazy media. | Ophthalmology | null |
e4d56110-a077-483b-a4c3-8f6665e999c3 | A child with 22-25 stool/day, 3 day old pneumonitis, no passage of urine from 36 hours. low B.P. Blood pH – 7.21. Urine Na+–18 meq/L, S. Urea 120, serum Creatinine 1.2 indicate – | Acute cortical necrosis | Acute tubular necrosis | Pre–renal Azotemia | Acute medullary necrosis | 2c
| single | History and clinical features of the child suggests that he is suffering from acute renal failure. From the given values we have to get the cause of this renal failure.
H/o diarrhea with low BP suggest dehydration —> a cause of prerenal ARE | Pediatrics | null |
a318b5cf-a25d-4860-878c-e1d0295fa46f | A child who was normal at bih develops chronic liver failure and muscle weakness at 3 months of age. On investigations, serum glucose is low, along with ketoacidosis and decreased pH. ALT and AST are raised. Blood lactate and uric acid levels are normal. Intravenous glucagon given after meals raises the blood glucose levels, but does not raise glucose when given after an overnight fast. Liver biopsy shows increased glycogen in liver. Which is the enzyme likely to be defective in this child? | Glucose-6-phosphatase | Muscle phosphorylase | Branching enzyme | Debranching enzyme | 3d
| single | Ans: D: Debranching enzyme(Ref: Nelson 20/e p717-720; Harrison 19/e p433 e-2, 18Ie p3200, 3201)In this child, a combination of liver and muscle involvement with ketoacidosis and raised liver enzymes points towards Type III glycogen storage disease, i.e. Cori's disease caused by deficiency of debranching enzyme.Type IIIa Glycogen Storage Disease or Cori's Disease or Forbes Disease:Due to deficiency ofglycogen debranching enzyme activity.Debranching enzyme, together with phosphorylase, is responsible for complete degradation of glycogen. When debranching enzyme is defective, glycogen breakdown is incomplete and an abnormal glycogen with sho outer branch chains and resembling limit dextrin accumulates.Deficiency of glycogen debranching enzyme causes hepatomegaly, hypoglycemia, sho stature, variable skeletal myopathy & variable eardiomyopathy. | Pediatrics | null |
eb64ac60-ebb7-4851-8bbc-9251026bcbbc | Which is false about apoptosis? | No inflammation | Plasma membrane intact | Organelle swelling | Affected by dedicated genes | 2c
| multi | Apoptosis is genetically regulated, hence apoptosis is sometimes referred to as programmed cell death. Plasma membrane remains intact in apoptosis hence there is no leakage of enzymes and inflammation Apoptosis cause activation of caspase and protease which cause cells to shrink . Hence organelle swelling is not a feature of apoptosis. It is a feature of reversible cell injury or necrosis Characteristic feature of apoptosis microscopically is chromatin condensation | Pathology | AIIMS 2018 |
2a994738-a611-44f3-abcc-729abd519c1b | During polymerisation of acrylic resin, above what temperature benzoyl peroxide form free radicals? | 25°C | 37°C | 45°C | 60°C | 3d
| multi | The most commonly employed initiator is benzoyl peroxide, which is activated rapidly between 50°C and 100°C to release two free radicals per benzoyl peroxide molecule.
Reference: PHILLIPS’ SCIENCE OF DENTAL MATERIALS, 12th ed page no 101 | Dental | null |
693ea854-071d-4da2-a9b2-09c7b831b9d9 | Test to exclude a disease | Positive predictivity | Negative predictivity | Specificity | Sensitivity | 2c
| single | null | Dental | null |
1ca4f1ef-d7dd-4909-bb00-e0c5700e2bf8 | AIDS, secondary infection will be all except | Rubella | HSV | Candida | kaposis sarcoma | 0a
| multi | null | Dental | null |
5ffac163-ef01-4c80-9439-6c5074d32b95 | NN hick of the following tractions is not used in lower limb? | Gallows | Bryant | Dunlop | Perkin | 2c
| multi | Ans: C. Dunlop(Ref Maheshwari 5/e p27)Dunlop traction:Used for supracondylar fracture of humerus, not for lower limb. Moleskin covered with elastic bandage:Uses of TractionsNameUseBryant's Traction('Fracture shaft of femur in children <2 yearsGallow's TractiondegFracture shaft of femur in children <2 yearsRussel's TractiondegFracture shaft of femur in older childrenPerkin's TractiondegFracture shaft of femur in adults90deg-90deg TractionFracture shaft of femur in childrenAgnes-Hunt TractionCorrection of Hip deformityWell-Leg TractionCorrection of adduction or abduction deformity of hipDunlop TractionSupracondylar fracture of humerusSmith's TractionSupracondylar fracture of humerusCalcaneal TractionOpen fractures of ankle or legMetacarpal TractionOpen forearm fracturesHead-Halter TractionCervical spine injuriesCrutchfield TractiondegCervical spine injuriesHalo-Pelvic TractionScoliosis | Surgery | null |
abcdfc38-ab30-4fe8-8bd8-e8a7cb5b35e1 | Which is not true about Juvenile periodontitis | Rate of bone loss is faster than normal periodontitis | There is predilection for female patients | The inflammatory process starts about simultaneously as the bone loss | Frequently bilateral symmetrical patterns of bone loss Occur | 2c
| multi | null | Dental | null |
96134923-f73b-48f4-8361-c964c3ab16b2 | An elderly, hypeensive patient presented with sudden onset headache, vomiting, neck rigidity without focal neurological deficit. Diagnosis: | Subarachnoid hemorrhage | Ischemic stroke | Subdural hemorrhage | Meningitis | 0a
| single | Ans. a. Subarachnoid hemorrhage (Ref Harrison l9/e p1784, I8/e p2262-2263; Sobiston I9/e p1880-1882; Schwaz 9/e p1534-1536; Bailey 25/e p304)An elderly, hypeensive patient presented with sudden onset headache, vomiting, neck rigidity without focal neurological deficit, diagnosis in this case is subarachnoid hemorrhage. | Medicine | null |
65f3f017-4699-470d-baaa-0743a0a5d10a | Infective endocarditis is not seen in – | ASD | TOF | VSD | MR | 0a
| single | Endocarditis tends to occur in :
High pressure areas (left side of heart)
Downstream from sites where blood flows at a high velocity through a narrow orifice from a high to low-pressure chamber (distal to constriction in Coarctation of aorta)
Endocarditis is unusual in sites with a small pressure gradient as ASD
Infective endocarditis is very rare in patients of ASD
Endocarditis occurs more frequently in patients with valvular incompetence than in those with pure stenosis.
Risk of endocarditis in various lesions are : | Pediatrics | null |
b3aa72de-f85c-407f-892b-9dae7d953417 | Which of the following drugs does not affect DNA synthesis? | Rifampicin | Linezolid | Nitrofurantoin | Metronidazole | 1b
| single | Ans: B. Linezolid(Ref Goodman Gilman I3/e p796, 12/e p1537; Katzung 12/e p817; KDT 7/e p758, 817, 6/e p669)Linezolid inhibits protein synthesis by binding to the P site of the 50S ribosomal subunit and preventing formation of the larger ribosomal-fMet-tRNA complex that initiates protein synthesis.Nitrofurantoin - Works by damaging bacterial DNA.Metronidazole - Forms toxic free radical metabolites in the bacterial cell that damage DNA.Rifampicin - Inhibit DNA-dependent RNA polymerase. | Pharmacology | null |
ba74314a-2adf-4b6a-8c74-2c8c7f5b641f | A 5-year old boy passed 18 loose stools in last 24 hours
and vomited twice in last 4 hours. He is irritable but drinking fluids. The optional therapy for this child is: | Intravenous fluids | Oral rehydration therapy | Intravenous fluid initially for 4 hours followed by oral fluids | Plain water ad libitum | 1b
| multi | null | Medicine | null |
7180b273-ff8e-4ef1-ba53-231ad5eba164 | In a 19 years old patient, with a swelling over the left angle of the mandible, temperature of 38°C and negative history of trauma, one should suspect: | Spontaneous fracture of the mandible | Pericoronal infection | Mumps | Sjogren's syndrome | 1b
| single | null | Surgery | null |
d5a3e0d8-3ce2-455c-96c6-b5b9fec203a0 | Borders of major connectors adjacent to gingival crevices, should be no closer to the crevice
than? | 1-2 mm | 2-3 mm | 3-6 mm | 7-10 mm | 2c
| single | In maxillary arch, border of major connector must be no closer than 6 mm to gingival crevices of teeth.
In mandibular arch, border of major connector must be no closer than 3 mm to gingival crevices of teeth. | Dental | null |
3f14a758-0e86-43ba-a517-ce29c38b6dbf | All of the following are used for screening cancers in females except | CA-125: Ovarian cancer | Office endometrial aspirate: Endometrial carcinoma | Pap smear: Cervical cancer | Mammography: Breast cancer | 1b
| multi | Ans. b. Office endometrial aspirate: Endometrial carcinomaOffice endometrial aspirate is not used for screening of Endometrial carcinoma.Transvaginal ultrasound and endometrial sampling have been advocated as screening tests for endometrial cancer but benefit from routine screening have not been shown.`Screening for endometrial cancer should currently not be undeaken because of a lack of an appropriate, cost-effective and acceptable test that reduces moality. Routine PAP testing is an inadequate test that reduces moality. Routine PAP testing is inadequate and endometrial cytology assessment is too insensitive and non-specific to be useful in screening for endometrial cancer even in a high-risk population.' Screening TestDisease ScreenedPapanicolaou (Pap's) smearCervical cancerMammographyBreast cancerCA-125Ovarian cancerScreening TestThe screening test is used to search for an unrecognized disease or defect, in apparently healthy individuals, using rapidly applied tests, examination or other proceduresScreening TestDisease ScreenedPapanicolaou (Pap's) smearCervical cancerQMammographyBreast cancerQBimanual oral examinationOral cancerQELISAHIVQUrine for sugar, Random blood sugarDiabetes mellitusQAFPDevelopmental anomalies in fetusQDRE + PSAProstate cancerQFecal occult blood testColorectal cancerQCA-125Ovarian cancerQ | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
e321f1c5-710f-47d9-9632-b2a45152ea9d | In case of nodal metastasis, which is not seen on CT scan | Spiculated node | Size more than 6 mm | Necrotic node | Rounded node | 0a
| single | null | Surgery | null |
22353c7c-1ec6-4e29-9d81-81e5fb97e58d | The average no of muscle fibres attached to one golgi tendon oragn are | 3-Jan | 10-May | 15-Oct | 15-75 | 2c
| single | null | Physiology | null |
cd0edc92-8fb3-4f97-b0ce-d74446009179 | A person was advised by his ohopedic surgeon to get regular dressing of his wound done. But the patient did not give much care. During follow-up, patient was repeatedly told to get the dressing done timely but patient didn't do the dressing himself, saying that he was busy. Finally the wound enlarged and the underlying bone developed osteomyelitis. Which of the following statement is true regarding above-mentioned situation? | Doctor is guilty under "Last clear chance" doctrine | Doctor is not guilty under "Contributory negligence" | Doctor is punishable under avoidable negligence | Doctor is guilty as he prescribed wrong medicines | 0a
| multi | Ans: A. Doctor is guilty under "Last clear chance" doctrine(Ref Reddy 34/e p38, 33/e p40)Last Clear Chance Doctrine:Possibility of doctor saving the patient (plaintiff) by dressing wound properly the 2nd time, hence curing without osteomyelitis development.Hence, doctor is paly guilty for the outcome (osteomyelitis).Criteria included:Failure of doctor to prevent damage resulting from negligent act of patient, even after getting clear time, he cannot plead contributory negligence in civil cases.Elements of proof:Defendant- Doctor.Defendant recognized the danger & acquired a duty to avoid it.Defendant failed to avoid danger.Plaintiff - Patient.Plaintiff placed themselves in a situation of risk or danger through their own negligence.Plaintiff could not avoid the danger.Plaintiff was injured as a result of the defendant's failure. | Forensic Medicine | null |
d190d5c8-74f3-46fa-afd1-4ff1f830f1c2 | Not true about fresh frozen plasma | Supplies major coagulation factors | ABO match not required | Should be used in replacement of factors in DIC/Trauma | To be used within 30 minutes of having trauma | 3d
| multi | null | Medicine | null |
be27a690-a4c2-41e8-bc61-70ccc70dcea5 | About psedomonas. All are true except | Strict aerobes | Can grow in disinfectants in hospital | Infection is mostly due to endogenous source | Most common organism in burn patient | 2c
| multi | null | Microbiology | null |
48d1692a-1a88-4247-8a54-7947e03d6d62 | Optimal anti-rotational design in a blade is incorporated by offset not greater than? | 2 mm | 5 mm | 3 mm | 6 mm | 0a
| single | null | Dental | null |
6e7dc35e-f7f1-4c23-a661-6c5eb5a1afe8 | Which of the following is not true for S/S spreader compared to Ni-Ti Spreader? | Less depth penetration is achieved with Ni-Ti spreader is achieved | More Flexibility with Ni-Ti spreader is achieved | Less stress Generated in Ni-Ti spreaded condensation | Less incidence of root Fracture with Ni-Ti spreader | 0a
| multi | null | Dental | null |
97a84ea2-f289-4103-a306-a1cb3526c24e | All are true about legionella pneumophilia except | a) quatic bodies are main habitat | It can replicate in amoeba | Urine test is a reliable method | Person to person transmission | 3d
| multi | null | Microbiology | null |
da131385-8cb4-4fbe-8f90-8ae12467eadd | In “Tip of Iceberg Phenomenon”, submerged portion does not consist of | Healthy population | Carriers | Undiagnosed cases | Latent period | 0a
| single | null | Social & Preventive Medicine | null |
9962b697-f58a-4ac3-9ca5-05cde28164b4 | A lady presents with complaints of abdominla pain. CECT shows bilateral papillary necrosis. Which of the following test shall not be done to investigate the cause of her papillary necrosis? | Urine acidification test | Sickling test | Urine -PCR for TB | Bacterial culture of urine | 0a
| multi | Ans. a. Urine acidification test(Ref: Harrison 19/e p1860, 18/e p2372)Urine acidification test is mainly done to diagnose A (Renal tubular acidosis), not the causes of papillary necrosis. | Medicine | null |
f6e3d46a-cc26-4eea-a659-5d1fa1c3b784 | Which of the following is not a component of quick SOFA (qSOFA) scoring? | Bilateral undilated pupils | Altered Mentation | Glasgow Coma Score | SBP <= 100 mm Hg | 0a
| single | Answer- A. Bilateral undilated pupilsAssessmentqSOFA scoreLow blood pressure (SBP <= 100 mmHg)1High respiratory rate (>= 22 breaths/min)1Altered mentation (GCS <= 14)1 | Surgery | null |
bee09bc5-3c41-4d41-8da8-a307dfd4228e | Which one of the following is not used as an abrasive in the dentifrice | Calcium carbonate | Silica | Sodium Chloride | Amylase | 3d
| single | null | Dental | null |
0d106c90-f1d1-4255-8979-04fce15f34b2 | Nitrous oxide alone is not used as a G.A agent because of | Difficulty in maintaining an adequate oxygen concentration | Expense of the agent and its exposure hazards | Adverse effect on liver | Poor analgesic property | 0a
| single | null | Surgery | null |
732dd200-d2b0-4b84-9919-dd651bcf5301 | A pregnant woman with G3P2L0 presented to you with a pregnancy at period of gestation of 9 weeks. She has a history of conization one year back currently on follow up with no recurrence on PAP smean She also has the history of preterm bihs at 30 and 32 weeks during her last 2 pregnancy. What is your next step in the management of this patient? | USG to see cervical length | Cervical cerclage | Complete bed rest | Abdominal cerclage | 0a
| multi | Ans: A. USG to see cervical lengthRef NICE guidelines; ACOG guidelines; SOGC guidelines.The current review fromACOG recommends cervical cerclage for women with a current singleton pregnancy, prior spontaneous preterm bih at less than 34 weeks of gestation, and cervical length less than 25 mm. | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
df493519-1b08-442e-853c-edd9ca4f6f57 | Acetone free methyl alcohol is present in Leishmann's stain for: | It fixes cells to the slide | It colors the red cells | It prevents the cells from sticking to the slide surface | It stops metabolic and enzymatic activity of the cell | 3d
| single | Answer- D. It stops metabolic and enzymatic activity of the cellTt is a type ofAcidic dye stains the basic components of cell & basic dye stains the acidic components of cell.Leishman's stain contains eosin & methylene blue in acetone free methyl alcohol.Methyl alcohol acts as a fixative.Acetone if present, will destroy the cell membraneMethylene blue ("polychromed"), the basic dye and eosin, the acidic dye exists as thiazine eosinate, which dissociates into the component dyes, when diluted with distilled water.Methyl blue stains the nucleus & basophilic granules of WBC, whereas eosin stains the eosinophilic granules.It is generally used to differentiate & identily leucocytes, malaria parasites & trypanosomas | Pathology | null |
7095637c-81c9-42f8-8484-54c3eedf5623 | Schizonts and late trophozoite stages of plasmodium falciparum not seen in peripheral blood smear because: | They are sequestered in the spleen | Due to adherence to the capillary endothelium, they are not seen in peripheral blood | Due to antigen-antibody reaction and removal | They are seen in mosquito blood | 1b
| single | Ans: B. Due to adherence to the capillary endothelium, they are not seen in peripheral blood(Ref: Harrison 1y/e p1371, Jawetz 27/e p719)Plasmodium falciparum:Only ring stages or gametocytes are seen in infected peripheral blood.Schizonts & late trophozoite stages of Plasmodium falciparum are not seen in infected peripheral blood.Parasites make red cells sticky a Tend to be retained in deep capillary beds (except in overwhelming fatal infections). | Microbiology | null |
d4549997-d19b-48eb-bd9a-aa3c29c82dec | A 6 year old patient with extra cusp on maxillary central incisor is associated with all, except | Mohr's syndrome | Sturge-Weber Syndrome | Rubinstein Taybi Syndrome | Proteus Syndrome | 3d
| multi | null | Pathology | null |
2a74f19e-1c3b-4318-ba5b-0812f80d895e | Which of these is not true about randomization in a clinical trial? | Reduces confounding | Decreases selection bias | Ensures comparability of two groups | Increases external validity of the trial | 3d
| multi | Ans: D. Increases external validity of the trial(Ref Park 24/e p87, 23/e p82, 22/e p79)External validity is the validity of generalized (causal) inferences in scientific research, usually based on experiments as experimental validity.In other words, it is the extent to which the results of a study can be generalized to other situations and to other people.This cannot be ensured by randomization. | Social & Preventive Medicine | null |
71aace23-dcbd-489a-b9b7-b3f52adfc9f1 | About carey coombs murmur which is false – | Delayed diastole murmur | Seen in rheumatic fever | Can be associated with AR | Low pitched murmur | 2c
| multi | Carey-Coombs Murmur
Heard in patients with acute rheumatic fever.
Occurs due to inflammation of mitral valve cusps or excessive left atrial blood flow as a consequence of MR.
Soft middiastolic murmur usually follows | Pediatrics | null |
2d98e8a0-829a-47ef-87e1-c6bbd54473a1 | Which of the following is not an adverse effect of Escitalopram? | Nausea | Vivid dreams | Anorgasmia | Sialorrhoea | 3d
| single | Adverse effects of SSRI's MC: GI side effects- Nausea, Vomiting Dyspepsia, Diarrhea Sexual side effects- Decreased libido, Anorgasmia, Delayed ejaculation Increased sweating Decreased platelet aggregation Vivid dreams Sialorrhea is a very common side effect of Clozapine. | Psychiatry | AIIMS 2018 |
46a92416-5681-4333-8b2e-70f85fc10632 | Which of the following is not an autoimmune disorder? | Ulcerative colitis | Grave's disease | Rheumatoid ahritis | SLE | 0a
| single | Ans: A. Ulcerative colitis(Ref Harrison 19/e p377, 18/e p2723)Autoimmune Diseases Organ SpecificOrgan Nonspecific (Systemic)Grave's diseaseVitiligoSystemic lupus erythematosusHashimoto's thyroiditisAutoimmune hemolytic anemiaRheumatoid ahritisAutoimmune polyglandular syndromeAutoimmune thrombocytopenic purpuraSystemic necrotizing vasculitisType 1 diabetes mellitusPernicious anemiaGranulomatosis with polyangitisInsulin-resistant diabetes mellitusMyasthenia gravis(Wegener's)Immune-mediated infeilityMultiple sclerosisAntiphospholipid syndromeAutoimmune Addison's diseaseGuillain-Barre syndromeSjogren's syndromPemphigus vulgarisStiff-man syndrome Pemphigus foliaceusAcute rheumatic fever Dermatitis herpetiformisSympathetic ophthalmia Autoimmune alopeciaGoodpasture's syndrome | Medicine | null |
9adb4841-8e99-4f24-8f3e-54c8d169f62b | Lesion of the marked structure affects all EXCEPT (AIIMS May 2019) | Superior rectus | Superior oblique | Inferior oblique | Medial rectus | 1b
| multi | Nerve pointed in diagram is oculomotor nerve (cranial nerve III) Extrinsic muscles of the eyeball are innervated by 3 cranial nerves. 3 | lateral rectus innervated by 6th cranial nerve Superior oblique by 4th cranial nerve Remaining muscles by 3rd cranial nerve. Among these 3 cranial nerves, oculomotor nerve is most medial, trochlear is most lateral & abducens pierces dura mater b/w these two at base of cranial cavity. MUSCLE OF EYE ACTION SUPERIOR RECTUS ELEVATION, ADDUCTION, MEDIAL ROTATION OF EYE BALL. LEVATOR PALPEBRAE SUPERIORIS ELEVATION OF UPPER EYELID MEDIAL RECTUS ADDUCTION OF EYEBALL. INFERIOR RECTUS DEPRESSION, ADDUCTION, LATERAL ROTATION OF EYEBALL. INFERIOR OBLIQUE ELEVATION, ABDUCTION, LATERAL ROTATION OF EYEBALL SUPERIOR OBLIQUE DEPRESSION, ABDUCTION, MEDIAL ROTATION OF EYEBALL CILIARIS AND SPHINCTER PUPILLAE CONSTRICTS CILIARY BODY & PUPIL | Anatomy | AIIMS 2019 |
6f1fdbc9-920f-4bff-b2eb-ba300fd9cc59 | Which of these findings is not specific of blast injury? | Abrasion | Bruise | Puncture laceration | Fracture | 3d
| single | Ans: D. Fracture(Ref: Reddy 34/e 1)225-227, 33/e p239-240; Parikh 6/e p4.183; Sabiston 19/e p6I2-613; Bailey 26/e p430 25/e p422-423)Fracture is not specific of blast injury.Marshall's triad:Diagnostic of explosive injury.Includes bruises, abrasions & puncture lacerations. | Forensic Medicine | null |
53d58d7a-d546-4b1a-88a7-fa7348ff08a5 | All are secondary colonizers except | S. sanguis | P. intermedia | Fusobacteria | P. gingivalis | 0a
| multi | null | Dental | null |
3f41f911-cf5c-4227-b32b-7efd0b2fc191 | Midazolam cannot be given by which of the following routes: | Oral | Inhalation | Intra muscular | Intra venous | 1b
| single | null | Dental | null |
018e350b-8675-4b2d-99a2-eba98fe07f31 | All are signs of hydrocephalus in a neonate except –a) Enlarged headb) Sunset signc) Crack post signd) Depressed fontanelle | ab | cd | bd | ac | 1b
| multi | "Cracked pot or inacewan sign indicates raised intracranial pressure after sutures and fontanels have closed"
Fontanelle is wide and bulging (not depressed)
Signs of Increased intracranial tension in infants
Separation of cranial sutures —> Earliest sign
Wide bulging anterior fontanelle
Increased head circumference
Papilledema does not occur in infants because separation of sutures and open fontanelle compensate for increase in the intracranial pressure. However, if ICT rises very rapidly papilledema may occur.
Macewan or cracked pot sign occurs after sutures and fontanelle have closed (not in neonate)
Projectile vomiting
Headache -3 Particularly in early morning
Diplopia & sixth nerve palsy
Sun set sign --> Eyes deviate downward because of impingement of the dilated suprapineal recess. | Pediatrics | null |
5969f19a-3697-4e23-a8de-b63dbe06997e | Regarding Influenza, not true statement is | Secondary attack rate 5-15% | Virus shedding present before the patient presents with symptoms | 1-5 years age is not a high risk age group | Aquatic birds are reservoir | 2c
| multi | - High risk age group of influenza include, - those > 65 years & - those < 5 years | Social & Preventive Medicine | AIIMS 2019 |
65491c14-e081-4a90-94be-d0db9ef0325f | A 13 year old girl with soft painful swelling on posterior aspect of thigh. Color Doppler showed multiple venous channels without any major arterial feeder. All of the following are liquid embolizing agents except | Cyanoarylate | Sodiumtetradecyl sulphate | Polyvinyl alcohol | Absolute alcohol | 2c
| multi | Polyvinyl alcohol is not a liquid embolizing agent. | Surgery | null |
17529d1c-10a7-46d0-8f1c-070aa64234e5 | Which of the following is not a characteristic feature of multiple myeloma? | Increased Ig levels in serum | Positive ANA | Plasmacytosis | M spike on electrophoresis | 1b
| single | Ans. B. Positive ANASerum electrophoresis: Abnormal spike in the region of gamma globulin (myeloma spike) is present in 90% of cases.* Bone marrow plasmacytosis in multiple myeloma is characteristically more than 30%.* The immunoglobulin least commonly involved in Multiple Myeloma is IgD.* The immunoglobulin most commonly involved in Multiple Myeloma is IgG. - Low haemoglobin, - high ESR (usually very high), - increased total protein, - A/G ratio reversed, - increased serum calcium, - normal alkaline phosphatase. - Urine: Bence Jones proteins are found in 30% of cases. | Medicine | null |
955c6422-0b51-40dd-b6ea-bb0e88ffa035 | All are true about enamel rods except | Length of enamel rods is same as the thickness of enamel | Enamel rods are narrow at DEJ and wide at tooth surface. | Under light microscope seen as Fish scale | Tail is more resistant to caries than the core | 0a
| multi | Enamel rods have wavy path, hence length of enamel rod is more than the thickness of the enamel. | Dental | null |
44588787-ffcc-4c4c-b31b-5616520ee30f | Nausea and vomiting postoperatively can be because of all except | Blood ingested | N2O | Opioid | Acetaminophen | 3d
| multi | null | Pharmacology | null |
9859d4a2-274f-47eb-b20f-ca5309440793 | Disease caused by Staphylococcus aureus which is not mediated through a toxin is | Food poisoning | Septicemic shock | Toxic shock syndrome | Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome | 1b
| single | Answer- B. Septicemic shockSepticemia is mainly due to endotoxin like activity as seen in Gram-negative bacilli and not due to exotoxin. Clinically, Staphylococcus aureus sepsis presents like that documented for sepsis due to other bacteria. Septicemic shock is not directly caused due to toxins and other virulence factors play a role like protein A, fibrinolysin and coagulase, which are anti-phagocytic, suppress host immunity and helps in the spread of infection. Septicemia is mainly due to endotoxin tike activity as seen in Gram-negative bacilli and not due to exotoxin. S.aureus produces free types of toxin: cytotoxins, pyrogenic toxin superantigens, and exfoliative toxins. Both epidemiologic data and studies in animals suggest that antitoxin antibodies are protective against illness in TSS' staphylococcal food poisoning, and staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (SSSS). Illness develops after toxin synthesis and absorption and the subsequent toxin-initiated host response | Microbiology | null |
7c521214-ce91-4932-8158-f97bf43d4aac | Which of the following Slatements is not true? | Parathyroid hormone-related protein is responsible for causing hypercalcemia in cancer patients | The unionized fraction of calcium in the plasma is an impoant determinant of PTH secretion | Mg2+ influences PTH secretion in the same direction as Ca2+ but is a less potent secretagogue | Ca2+influences PTH secretion by acting on a calcium sensor G-protein coupled receptor located in the parathyroid gland | 1b
| multi | Ans. b. The unionized fraction of calcium in the plasma is an impoant determinant of PTH secretion"Circulating ionized calcium acts directly on the parathyroid glands in a negative feedback fashion to regulate the secretion of PTH."Magnesium is required to maintain normal parathyroid secretory responses. Impaired PTH release along with diminished target responses to PTH account fir the hypocalcaemia that occasionally occurs in magnesium deficiency | Medicine | null |
14085677-1f80-45fe-a525-0118e462b77c | Latest technique by which bone graft is obtained without
damaging vital structure, vessels/veins is based on? | Piezoelectric vibration | Osteotome | Ultrasonic/soft lasers | Electrocautery | 0a
| single | null | Dental | null |
4bab5fce-dd4d-4196-906d-11354ffa1c8d | Which of the following is not a cause of Squamous cell Carcinoma for Head & Neck: | EBV | HPV | Betel Nut | Vitamin A | 3d
| single | Risk factors for head and neck cancer Tobacco Alcohol Prolonged sun exposure Viruses (HPV) & (EBV) Gender M>F, age > 40yrs Poor oral / dental hygiene; betel nut consumption Environmental or occupational factors Poor nutrition - vitamin A & B deficiency, iron deficiency In question they have mentioned vitamin A NOT vitamin A deficiency | ENT | AIIMS 2019 |
9ed9f8aa-4e8c-4b69-adcf-e7c6093d3926 | Health education includes all except | Development of reflexive behavior | Appeals to reason | Positive instilled behaviour | People to think for themselves | 0a
| multi | null | Dental | null |
da70d380-7647-4452-8dbb-ade1663b6d5b | A 36 year old female is found to have a large pituitary mass on MRI imaging. She underwent transsphenoidal hypophysectomy. Postop replacement of which of the following hormone is not needed? | L-Thyroxine | Estradiol | Glucocoicoids | Mineralocoicoids | 3d
| single | Aldosterone is majorly regulated by K+ & plasma volume The following factors play essential roles in aldosterone regulation: 1. | K+ concentration in ECF - | Aldosterone 2. | Angiotensin concentration in ECF - | Aldosterone3. | Na++ in ECF - decreases aldosterone very slightly4. ACTH from anterior pituitary - necessary for aldosterone sec but has little effect on controlling the rate of secretion in most physiological conditions. ACTH appears to play a permissive role in regulation of aldosterone of these, K+ ion conc. & RAAS are the most potent in regulating aldosterone secretion. Regulated by Hormone TSH Thyroid FSH Estrogen ACTH Glucocoicoids | Physiology | AIIMS 2019 |
e1a006e0-911e-407d-93d5-ce39ae7f6137 | Recently two methods of cPAP; conventional and bubble cPAP were compared. In the conventional method, 90 out of 160 showed extubation failure while 40 out of 160 showed extubation failure in bubble method, which test would be the best to compare the statistical significance between the rates of extubation failure in the two tests? | Chi square test | Student's test | Paired t test | Analysis of variance | 0a
| single | null | Dental | null |
91a17b74-aed0-4875-8808-3561874556ed | Which is not true | Actinomycin D is a mono clonal antibody | Actinomycin D is not a cell specific but It's a cell cycle specific | Vinblastine is not a cell specific but its a cycle/phase specific | None of above | 1b
| multi | null | Dental | null |
727846e5-b373-427f-bf08-541ec8c75262 | A patient complains of loss of visual acuity, deafness and enlargement of maxilla: | Paget's disease | Osteomalacia | Fibrous dysplasia | Osteogenesis imperfecta | 0a
| single | null | Pathology | null |
2c37d934-7b5e-4e0d-9b34-55ae75466301 | Which of the following structure is not removed in radical neck dissection- | Spinal accessory nerve | Submandibular | Tail of parotid | Level 2 b lymph nodes | 2c
| single | Answer- CStructures removed during radical neck dissection-The classic operation involves resection of the cervical lymphatics and lymph nodes and those structures closely associated:the internal jugular vein,the accessory nerve,the submandibular gland, andthe sternocleidomastoid muscle. | Surgery | null |
ce496f69-f41a-4589-9da2-c8bdb4a87226 | Contraindication of band and Loop space maintainer are all except | High caries susceptibility | Single tooth missing in posterior region | Moderate to severe space loss | Lower anterior crowding | 1b
| multi | null | Dental | null |
27c7d7fa-8a10-4b19-9c70-36002caff287 | Following are true about bronchial cyst except – | Mostly mediastinal | 50–70% occur in lungs | Usually multiloculated | Are infected quite often | 1b
| multi | Only 15% of bronchogenic cysts occur in lungs (pulmonary parenchyma).
Bronchogenic cysts
Bronchogenic cyst is a congenital lung defect, which develops from abnormal lung budding of primitive foregut.
Most of the bronchogenic cyst arise in the mediastinum, where they are usually located in the mid mediastinum near carina.
About 15% of Bronchogenic cyst also occurs in pulmonary parenchyma.
When located in the lung they are more common in right lung and lower lobe.
They are lined by cuboidal or ciliated columnar epithelial cells and are usually filled with mucoid material. Complications of Bronchogenic cyst :-
Infection of the cyst leading to lung abscess (illediastinal bronchogenic cysts do not communicate with the bronchi but those situated within the lung may communicate with the airways leading to abscess formation).
Compression can produce either hyperinflation of the lung or atelactasis due to obstruction.
Tension pneumothorax (d/t rupture of cyst that communicates with bronchus). | Pediatrics | null |
2bd4a99b-c158-4dac-8632-ae800f490a9e | An investigator wants to study the association between maternal intake of iron supplements (Yes or No) and birth weights (in gm) of new born babies. He collects relevant data from 100 pregnant women and their newborns. What statistical test of hypothesis would you advise for the investigator in this situation? | Chi-square test | Unpaired or independent t - test | Analysis of variance | Student t — test | 1b
| single | null | Dental | null |
d95f1158-fa4b-4229-98c5-40f4dc2bacec | A 3.5 kg male infant born at term after an uncomplicated pregnancy and delivery develops respiratory distress sholy after bih and requires mechanical ventilation. The chest radiograph reveals a normal cardiothymic silhouette but a diffuse ground glass appearance to the lung fields. Surfactant replacement fails to improve gas exchange. Over the first week life, the hypoxemia worsens. Results of routing culture and echocardiographic findings are negative. A term female sibling died at 1 month of age with respiratory distress. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis? | Neonatal pulmonary alveolar proteinosis | Meconium aspiration | Total anomalous pulmonary venous return | Disseminated herpes simplex infection | 0a
| single | Ans: A. Neonatal pulmonary alveolar proteinosis(Ref. Nelson 20/e p852, 2119)Suggestive of neonatal pulmonary alveolar proteinosis.Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis:Disorder characterized by intra-alveolar accumulation of pulmonary surfactant.Two clinically distinct forms of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis are seen:Fatal form: Presenting sholy after bih (congenital PAP)Gradually progressive form: Presenting in older infants & children.Clinical manifestation:Immediately apparent in the newborn period & rapidly leads to respiratory failure.Clinically and radiographically indistinguishable from more common disorders of the newborn that lead to respiratory failure including pneumonia, generalized bacterial infection, respiratory distress syndrome and total anomalous pulmonary venous return with obstruction. | Pediatrics | null |
2dd32cdf-f8c0-43d1-9d73-0b6e0d6a5216 | Lingually placed mandibular posteriors will cause all, except | Gagging | Speech difficulties | Excessive pressure on ridge | Tongue interference | 2c
| multi | null | Dental | null |
87e68531-25dc-4647-a84c-28b40279d8fe | An affected male does not have affected children but an affected female always has affected children. Type of inheritance? | X linked recessive | Autosomal recessive | X linked dominant | Mitochondrial | 3d
| single | Mitochondrial inheritance- an affected female passes disease to all her offspring but the affected male can not. Because mitochondrial dna is present in cytoplasm, the child receives cytoplasm and mitochondria of the mother's ovum. Diseases of mitochondrial inheritance- Kearn sayre syndrome Leber hereditary optic neuropathy MELAS (Mitochondrial encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, stroke like syndrome) MERRF (myoclonic epilepsy with ragged red fibres) NARP ( neuropathy ataxia retinitis pigmentosa) CPEO (Chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia) Pearson syndrome. | Pediatrics | AIIMS 2019 |
3e2eed94-4bdb-4c13-9cfa-f267716b34d4 | A 2-year-old child with fever and barking cough for last 2 days presented to the pediatric emergency at 2.30 am. On examination, respiratory rate is 36/ min, temperature of 39 degC and stridor heard only on crying. No other abnormality is found. What is the next best step in management? | High-dose dexamethasone | Racemic epinephrine nebulization | Reassurance | Intravenous antibiotics | 0a
| multi | Ans: A. High-dose dexamethasone(Ref Ghai 8/e p376, 398: Nelson 20/e p2032-2034)Diagnostic of laryngotracheobronchitis or croup of mild severity.Hence, high-dose dexamethasone will be the treatment of choice.Treatment:Cornerstone of Treatment: Glucocoicoids & nebulized epinephrinedegGlucocoicoids:Useful in mild, moderate & severe croup.Dexamethasone is most effective coicosteroid. Nebulized epinephrine:Useful in moderate to severe distress.By adrenergic stimulation causes,Constriction of precapillary aerioles.Decreases capillary hydrostatic pressure leading to fluid resorption from interstitium.Improvement in laryngeal mucosal edema.Antibiotics are not indicatedHeliox (mixture of oxygen & helium) has low viscosity & low specific gravity.Allows for greater laminar airflow through respiratory tract.Considered in treatment of children with severe croup. | Pediatrics | null |
d54441de-71d8-45b6-9a0a-b394581af745 | Coarctation of aorta is associated with all, except – | Turner's syndrome | Bicuspid aortic valve | Pulmonary stenosis | Atresia of aortic arch | 2c
| multi | Coarctation of Aorta is a quite common structural abnoimality.
Males are affected twice often as females although females with Turner syndrome frequently have a coarctation.
Two classic forms of coarctation ofAorta have been described.
1) An infantile form with tubular hypoplasia of the Aortic arch proximal to a P A that is often asymptomatic in childhod. (This is known as coarctation syndrome).
2)An "adult" form in which there is discrete ridge like infolding of the Aorta just opposite to closed ductus arteriosus.
Although coarctation of Aorta may occur as a solitary defect it is accompanied by -
Bicuspid aortic valve in 50% cases and may be associated with -:
Congenital Aortic stenosis, ASD, VSD, mitral regurgitation and Berry aneurysm of the circle of willis. | Pediatrics | null |
aa1f0b19-488f-475f-b792-397b41536ca7 | Which of the following structures is not found in a living pulp? | Collagen fibres | Haversian fibres | Non-myelinated nerve fibres | Reticulum | 1b
| single | null | Dental | null |
4f3977a7-1243-421b-a401-63aa119c0e66 | Which of the following drugs is not used in detoxifica-tion of chronic alcoholics? | Flumazenil | Disulfiram | Acamprosate | Naltrexone | 0a
| single | Ans: A. Flumazenil(Ref: Goodman Gilman 12/e p468; Kaaung 13/e p3 7 7, 394, 12/e p381, 399; KDT 6/e p385; Harrison 19/e p2727, 8/c 1)2727)Flumazenil:GABAa receptor antagonist.Used intravenously to treat benzodiazepine overdoses.Help reverse anesthesia.Not used in alcohol detoxification.Rest given drugs have a role in alcohol detoxification. | Pharmacology | null |
ccb55b07-8a29-4e45-a38c-8f0db374c703 | CA maxillary sinus stage III (T3 No Mo), treatment of choice is / Ca maxillary sinus is treated by - | Radiotherapy | Surgery + Radiotherapy | Chemotherapy | Chemotherapy + Surgery | 1b
| single | null | ENT | null |
6b874c35-3e1a-4158-b37c-34fd4c6350a7 | A 15 years old boy presents with loose motions and intermittent abdominal pain over the past 1 year. Wet mount stool specimen showed the presence of multiple ova, which are more than 100 p in diameter. The causative organism for the disease shall not include: | Fasciola gigantica | Gastrodiscoides hominis | Echinostoma ilocanum | Opistorchis viverrini | 3d
| multi | Answer- D (Opistorchis viverrini)Inhabit the bile duct of fish eating animalsCaused by ingestion of raw or under cooked freshwater fishAbdominal discomfo, gasFatigue is typicalAssociated with bile duct cancer | Microbiology | null |
aceab90d-6cc0-4cac-82d4-8fcda05ea933 | 8 year old child had fractured his maxillary central incisor 10 months ago. The pulp shows no response. There is no periapical lesion in the radiograph. The treatment of choice is | Ca(OH)2 Pulp capping | Formocresol pulpotomy | Conventional root canal treatment | Complete debridement and apexification | 3d
| single | null | Dental | null |
6a906cd3-6215-401c-80c5-c239ce10f06e | All the following are seen in thyrotoxicosis except | Tremor | Increased temperature | Slow pulse rate | Exophthalmos | 2c
| multi | null | Surgery | null |
73e6bf44-0d77-408b-8610-ad1f6e4b3734 | 6 yr old child H/O fever 5 days back which is now afebrile with normal muscle mass, tone and reflex, no neurological deficit but pain on palpating muscles and CPK levels 2000, diagnosis is | GBS | Dermatomyositis | DMD | Acute viral myositis | 3d
| single | Ans.D. Acute viral myositisThe clinical picture suggests the most probable diagnosis is Viral myositis. The specific history of URI suggests influenza myositis. Infectious myositis has a male predominance and are typically seen in young adults. The typical presentation of the childhood form includes fever, malaise, and rhinorrhea which is usually followed in 1-7 days by severe pain, especially in the calves. The muscle pain is usually worse with movement and the symptoms last for about a week. Muscle weakness, tenderness, and swelling are usually seen with more severity in adults and the Proximal muscles are affected predominantly.In children, toe walking and wide-based gait may be seen because of the involvement of the gastrocnemius-soleus muscles. Lab features of influenza myositis includeElevated CK may be as high as 500 times normalUrine myoglobin is usually positive | Pediatrics | null |
0df1e153-5d4b-44b2-bd64-8e14c181a974 | MHC antigens are absent on? | Platelet | Erythrocyte | Neutrophil | Monocyte | 1b
| single | Ans: B. Erythrocyte(Ref: Ananthanarayan 10/e p141-143, 8/e p 132-135)MHC antigens:Absent on erythrocytes.HLA antigens:Class 1 antigens (A, B and C) - Found on surface of viually all nucleated cells.Principal antigens.Involved in graft rejection & cell-mediated cytolysis.Function as components of hormone receptors.HLA class II antigens:More restricted in distribution.Found only on cells of immune system-macrophages, dendritic cell activated T cells & mainly on B cells. | Pathology | null |
ea95e89d-6de0-424d-968e-b1af4512871f | 92. A clinical trail was conducted with 15225 hypeensive patients alloted in the intervention group (New drug) and control group (Old drug) respectively. Results of the research study are given in the following table. Calculate the absolute risk reduction (ARR) and relative risk (RR): Control group (old drug)Intervention group (new drug)Developed HT complications18001620Did not develop HT complications1342513605Total subjects1522515225 | ARR = 10% and RR = 0.9 | ARR = 1% and IZR = 9 | ARR = 1% and RR = 0.9 | ARIZ = 10% and RR = 9 | 2c
| multi | Ans. C. ARR = 1% and RR = 0.9(Ref. Park 24/e p83)In the given situation, absolute risk reduction (ARR) is 1% and relative risk (RR) is 0.9.Relative Risk (RR)Attributable Risk (AR)Population Attributable Risk (PAR)RR=IExp/INon-Exp AR=(IExp-INon-Exp)/INon-ExpX100 AR=(Total-INon-exp)/ITotalX100RR is the ratio of the risk in the exposed divided by the risk in the unexposed.AR indicates the number of cases of a disease among exposed individuals that can be attributed to that exposureIt is excess risk or risk differenceUseful measure of extent of public health problem caused by an exposure PAR indicates the number (or propoion) of cases that would not occur in a population if the factor were eliminated. Control group (old drug)Intervention group (New drug)Developed HT complications18001620Did not develop HT complications1342513605Total subjects1522515225IC = Incidence of events (hypeensive complications) in the control group = 1800/15225 = 0.118 = 11.8%IT = Incidence of events (hypeensive complications) in the treatment group = 1620/15225 = 0.106 = 10.6%Absolute risk reduction (ARR) is also known as risk difference.ARR = IC-IT = 11.8 -10.6 = 1.2%Relative risk (RR) = IT/IC = 0.106/0.118 = 0.9 | Social & Preventive Medicine | null |
9064db4c-83a8-4110-9a87-b4c4669bb225 | Metal oxides are added in porcelain provide all except | Strength | Improve bonding | Cosmetic | Impart colour | 0a
| multi | null | Dental | null |
825a499b-6eac-41df-b015-85662bfe6aa9 | A 55 year old male presents with a lesion of 2.5*3.5 cm on lateral border of tongue with induration. There is no associated lymphadenopathy. What is the staging according to the 8th AJCC guidelines? | T2N0M0 | T3N2M0 | T4N3M0 | T3N2M0 | 0a
| single | Ans: A. T2N0M0Ref: AJCC Cancer staging munual I'h ed., ch-7, pg. 79,90Cancer of the lip and oral cavity TNM staging AJCC UICC 2017 | ENT | null |
753a7a8e-6da4-419b-9efb-0b74581d3992 | A patient with Tubercular meningitis was taking ATT regularly. At end of 1 month of regular intake of drugs deterioration in sensorium is noted in condition of the patient despite good compliance for drugs. Which of the following investigations is not required as emergency condition? | MRI | NCCT | CSF examination | Liver function tests | 2c
| single | Answer- C. CSF examinationAltered sensorium might be due to raised intracranial tension and lumbar punctare can precipitate the ominous herniation of the brain. So, lumbar puncture (for CSF examination) is not required on emergency evaluation in the above mentioned patient.Altered sensorium in a patient of Turbercular meningitis, who was taking ATT from the last one month maybe due toHepatic encephalopathy secondary to hepatotoxicity of ATT. Hence, LFT should be performed.Diagnosis:Lumbar puncture is cornerstone of diagnosis (should not be done in cases or raised ICT).CSF examination reveals high leukocyte counto (usually predominance of lymphocytes but often with a predominance of neutrophils in the early stage), a protein content of I to 8 g/L (100 to 800 mg/dl) and a low glucose concentration.Culture of CSF is diagnostic in 80% cases.CT or MRI may show hydrocephalus and abnormal enhancement of basal cisterns or ependyma. | Medicine | null |
2c7e29e5-6824-4217-af1e-7c5b40d57ea5 | A 40 years old female currently on a drug for psychiatric illness and hypeension presents with NYHA class III hea failure with dyspnea, pedal edema and K+ levels of 5.5 mEq/L and creatinine 2.5 mg%. Which of the following drug is best avoided? | Carvedilol | Enalapril | Spironolactone | Digoxin | 2c
| single | Answer- C. Spironolactone In this case patient is having heafailure with hyperkalemia and renal dysfunction with psychiatric illness. Spironolactone and enalapril, both causes hyperkalemia hut spironolactone csuses CNS depression also. Digoxin causes hypokalemia In this patient, spironolactone should be avoided.Mechanism of ActionPharmacologic antagonist of aldosterone in collecting tubulesWeak antagonism of androgen receptorsWeak inhibitor of testosterone synthesis | Medicine | null |
cb27bde3-31d6-452b-9d4e-cc6351540089 | Which of the following is a soft tissue cyst which do not produce any radiographic changes | Nasolabial cyst | Nasopalatine cyst | Mid alveolar cyst | Palatine cyst | 0a
| single | null | Pathology | null |
a6abadc2-5c2e-4dce-9cfa-1464b3be8c8d | Giemsa stained smear cannot detect | Coxiella burnetti | Baonella | Toxoplasmosis | E. Chaffnessis | 0a
| single | Giemsa stained smear can detect Baonella, tachyzoites of Toxoplasma Gondii, E.chaffnessis but not for CoxiellaBurnetti which causes Q fever but can be detected by serology. | Microbiology | AIIMS 2019 |
4aee5e25-9f51-4b6d-9950-0b6f19f7c9a0 | Gardner syndrome does not include: | Osteomas | Epidermoid cysts | Osteosarcoma | Impacted permanent teeth | 2c
| single | null | Pathology | null |
7f2895f8-0a13-45fc-bfd1-a3d5b7fbb121 | Pediatric patient presented with 45 mins h/o continuous convulsions.CASE 1: SR told to give iv lorazepam but J.R cant secured iv line. Then what he has given? | Rectal diazepam | Inhalation Phenobarbital | IV carbamazepine | Subcutaneous midazolam | 0a
| single | Answer A. Rectal diazepamBenzodiazepines are Drug of Choice and in pediatric patients rectal route should be preffered.Reference - <a href=" | Pediatrics | null |
99f08890-7505-4062-9293-1f135de62e5c | A 16-year-old male complains of nasal obstruction and recurrent epistaxis for several months. On CT scan of Nose and Paranasal Sinuses, an enhancing mass is seen in the nasopharynx with minimal extension into sphenoid sinus and no lateral extension. What is the stage of this lesion? | IA | IB | IIA | IIB | 1b
| single | Session's/ Radowski staging for Juvenile Nasopharyngeal angiofibroma Stage I Stage I a Limited to nasal cavity / nasopharynx Stage I b Extension into one or more sinuses. Stage II Stage II a Minimal extension into pterygopalatine fossa pterygomaxillary fissure. Stage II b Fills pterygomaxillary fossa, bowing the posterior wall of maxillary antrum anteriorly extending into the orbit the inferior orbital fissure without orbital erosion. Stage II c Infratemporal fossa extension without check or pterygoid plate involvement. Stage III Stage III a Erosion of skull base (middle cranial fossa or pterygoids) with minimal intracranial spread. Stage III b Erosion of skull base with intracranial extension with or without cavernous sinus involvement. | ENT | AIIMS 2018 |
d9801e88-03ce-46a5-87fe-fa3d8b61fadf | A morbidly obese diabetic woman was on failed metformin therapy. She has the history of pancreatitis and family history of bladder cancer. Patient does not want to take injections. Which of the following would be suitable to reduce her glucose levels? | Liraglutide | Sitagliptin | Canagliflozin | Pioglitazone | 2c
| single | Ans. C. Canagliflozin Canagliflozin is a Sodium-Glucose Co-Transpoer 2 Inhibitor, given orally and reduces body weight. For the given clinical scenario, Canagliflozin is the preferred drug, as Sitagliptin increases the risk of acute pancreatitis, use of pioglitazone is associated with a small increased risk of bladder cancer and Liraglutide is given subcutaneously. | Pharmacology | null |