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Nymphaea nouchali var. caerulea | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nymphaea_nouchali_var._caerulea | Apomorphine is said to be main psychoactive compound present{{Inconsistent|date=September 2021}}. Other compounds include nuciferine. | Apomorphine is said to be main psychoactive compound present. Other compounds include nuciferine. | Inconsistent|date=September 2021 | September 2021 | null | Valid | Inconsistent with other part of the article (introduction). | Nymphaea nouchali var. caerulea | Chemical Composition Apomorphine is said to be main psychoactive compound present. Other compounds include nuciferine. | Apomorphine is said to be main psychoactive compound present. | Nymphaea nouchali var. caerulea | Nymphaea nouchali var. caerulea, is a water lily in the genus Nymphaea, a botanical variety of Nymphaea nouchali. It is an aquatic plant of freshwater lakes, pools and rivers, naturally found throughout most of the eastern half of Africa, as well as parts of southern Arabia, but has also been spread to other regions as an ornamental plant. It was grown by the Ancient Egyptian civilization, and had significance in their religion. It can tolerate the roots being in anoxic mud in nutritionally poor conditions, and can become a dominant plant in deeper water in such habitats. It is associated with a species of snail, which is one of the main hosts of the pathogen causing human schistosomiasis. The underwater rhizomes are edible. Like other species in the genus, the plant contains the psychoactive alkaloid aporphine[inconsistent] (not to be confused with apomorphine, a metabolic product of aporphine). | Like other species in the genus, Nymphaea nouchali var. caerulea contains the psychoactive alkaloid aporphine (not to be confused with apomorphine, a metabolic product of aporphine). | Different | Apomorphine is said to be main psychoactive compound present in Nymphaea nouchali var. caerulea | Nymphaea nouchali var. caerulea contains the psychoactive alkaloid aporphine (not to be confused with apomorphine, a metabolic product of aporphine). | null | Text - Text | null | null | Which of the following are present in Nymphaea nouchali var. caerulea: apomorphine, aporphine, or neither? | Apomorphine | Aporphine | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
P-700 Granit | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P-700_Granit | The P-700 was derived from the P-500 Bazalt missile with a turbojet. {{Inconsistent|date=November 2022}} The P-700 was in turn developed into the P-800 Oniks, which uses ramjet propulsion, and the BrahMos missile, a joint Indian/Russian modernization of the P-800. | The P-700 was derived from the P-500 Bazalt missile with a turbojet. The P-700 was in turn developed into the P-800 Oniks, which uses ramjet propulsion, and the BrahMos missile, a joint Indian/Russian modernization of the P-800. | Inconsistent|date=November 2022 | November 2022 | null | Valid | null | P-700 Granit | The P-700 was derived from the P-500 Bazalt missile with a turbojet. The P-700 was in turn developed into the P-800 Oniks, which uses ramjet propulsion, and the BrahMos missile, a joint Indian/Russian modernization of the P-800. | The P-700 was derived from the P-500 Bazalt missile with a turbojet. | P-700 Granit | The P-700 was designed in the 1970s to replace the P-70 Ametist and P-120 Malakhit, both effective missiles but with too short a range in the face of improving weapons of U.S. Navy carrier battle groups. The missile was partially derived from the P-500 Bazalt. | The missile was partially derived from the P-500 Bazalt. | Different | The P-700 was derived from the P-500 Bazalt missile with a turbojet. | The missile was partially derived from the P-500 Bazalt. | (PhraseLevel) Entity - FAC (Buildings, airports, highways, bridges, etc.) | Text - Text | Within the same article | Explicit | Are there any other missiles besides the P-500 Bazalt that influenced the design of P-700 Granit missile? | No. | Yes. | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
Phobos (moon) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phobos_(moon) | Phobos's grooves were long thought to be fractures caused by the impact that formed the Stickney crater. Other modelling suggested since the 1970s support the idea that the grooves are more like "stretch marks" that occur when Phobos gets deformed by tidal forces, but in 2015 when the tidal forces were calculated and used in a new model, the stresses were too weak to fracture a solid moon of that size, unless Phobos is a rubble pile surrounded by a layer of powdery regolith about thick. Stress fractures calculated for this model line up with the grooves on Phobos. The model is supported with the discovery that some of the grooves are younger than others, implying that the process that produces the grooves is ongoing.Hurford, Terry A.; Asphaug, Erik; Spitale, Joseph; Hemingway, Douglas; et al.; "Surface Evolution from Orbital Decay on Phobos", Division of Planetary Sciences of the American Astronomical Society meeting #47, National Harbor, MD, November 2015{{Inconsistent|date=June 2019|reason=Chapter 'Physical characteristics' says the grooves were caused by rolling boulders}} | Phobos's grooves were long thought to be fractures caused by the impact that formed the Stickney crater. Other modelling suggested since the 1970s support the idea that the grooves are more like "stretch marks" that occur when Phobos gets deformed by tidal forces, but in 2015 when the tidal forces were calculated and used in a new model, the stresses were too weak to fracture a solid moon of that size, unless Phobos is a rubble pile surrounded by a layer of powdery regolith about thick. Stress fractures calculated for this model line up with the grooves on Phobos. The model is supported with the discovery that some of the grooves are younger than others, implying that the process that produces the grooves is ongoing.Hurford, Terry A.; Asphaug, Erik; Spitale, Joseph; Hemingway, Douglas; et al.; "Surface Evolution from Orbital Decay on Phobos", Division of Planetary Sciences of the American Astronomical Society meeting #47, National Harbor, MD, November 2015 | Inconsistent|date=June 2019|reason=Chapter 'Physical characteristics' says the grooves were caused by rolling boulders | June 2019 | Chapter 'Physical characteristics' says the grooves were caused by rolling boulders | Valid | null | Phobos (moon) | Phobos's grooves were long thought to be fractures caused by the impact that formed the Stickney crater. Other modelling suggested since the 1970s support the idea that the grooves are more like "stretch marks" that occur when Phobos gets deformed by tidal forces, but in 2015 when the tidal forces were calculated and used in a new model, the stresses were too weak to fracture a solid moon of that size, unless Phobos is a rubble pile surrounded by a layer of powdery regolith about 100 m (330 ft) thick. Stress fractures calculated for this model line up with the grooves on Phobos. The model is supported with the discovery that some of the grooves are younger than others, implying that the process that produces the grooves is ongoing. | The model designed in 2015 supported the discovery that some of the grooves are younger than others, implying that the process that produces the grooves is ongoing. | Phobos (moon) | Many grooves and streaks also cover the oddly shaped surface. The grooves are typically less than 30 meters (98 ft) deep, 100 to 200 meters (330 to 660 ft) wide, and up to 20 kilometers (12 mi) in length, and were originally assumed to have been the result of the same impact that created Stickney. Analysis of results from the Mars Express spacecraft, however, revealed that the grooves are not radial to Stickney, but are centered on the leading apex of Phobos in its orbit (which is not far from Stickney). Researchers suspect that they have been excavated by material ejected into space by impacts on the surface of Mars. The grooves thus formed as crater chains, and all of them fade away as the trailing apex of Phobos is approached. They have been grouped into 12 or more families of varying age, presumably representing at least 12 Martian impact events. However, in November 2018, following further computational probability analysis, astronomers concluded that the many grooves on Phobos were caused by boulders, ejected from the asteroid impact that created Stickney crater. These boulders rolled in a predictable pattern on the surface of the moon. | In November 2018, following further computational probability analysis, astronomers concluded that the many grooves on Phobos were caused by boulders, ejected from the asteroid impact that created Stickney crater. These boulders rolled in a predictable pattern on the surface of the moon. | Different | the process that produces the grooves is ongoing. | boulders from asteroid impact rolled in a predictable pattern on the surface of the moon. | (DiscourseLevel) Event/Relation-related | Text - Text | Within the same article | Implicit (reasoning required) | Did the formation of the grooves on Phobos occur as a single event? | No. | Yes. | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
Charles D'Oyly | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_D'Oyly | He has been described as possessing "the accomplishments of a man of taste, sketched cleverly in watercolours, and [...] the leading dilettante of Calcutta society at that time" Hunter, W.W., Life of Brian Houghton Hodgson: British Resident at the Court of Nepal, Asian Educational Services, 1991, p. 281 and “the most prolific artist in India of his time”.De Silva,P., Colonial Self-Fashioning in British India, c. 1785-1845: Visualising Identity and Difference, Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2018, p. 153 Bishop Heber, who visited Patna in the 1840s, described D’Oyly as the “best gentleman artist I ever met”.Partapaditya, P., Changing Visions, Lasting Images: Calcutta Through 300 Years, Marg Publications, 1990, p. 58{{Inconsistent|date=November 2021|reason=This contradicts the statement that D'Oyly wasn't in Patna in the 40s.}} | He has been described as possessing "the accomplishments of a man of taste, sketched cleverly in watercolours, and [...] the leading dilettante of Calcutta society at that time" Hunter, W.W., Life of Brian Houghton Hodgson: British Resident at the Court of Nepal, Asian Educational Services, 1991, p. 281 and “the most prolific artist in India of his time”.De Silva,P., Colonial Self-Fashioning in British India, c. 1785-1845: Visualising Identity and Difference, Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2018, p. 153 Bishop Heber, who visited Patna in the 1840s, described D’Oyly as the “best gentleman artist I ever met”.Partapaditya, P., Changing Visions, Lasting Images: Calcutta Through 300 Years, Marg Publications, 1990, p. 58 | Inconsistent|date=November 2021|reason=This contradicts the statement that D'Oyly wasn't in Patna in the 40s. | November 2021 | This contradicts the statement that D'Oyly wasn't in Patna in the 40s. | Valid | null | Charles D'Oyly | Bishop Heber, who visited Patna in the 1840s, described D’Oyly as the “best gentleman artist I ever met”. | Bishop Heber, who visited Patna in the 1840s, described Charles D'Oyly as the “best gentleman artist I ever met”. | Charles D'Oyly | After working for the Company for forty years, D'Oyly's failing health compelled him to retire and leave India in 1838 | After working for the Company for forty years, Charles D'Oyly's failing health compelled him to retire and leave India in 1838 | null | Bishop Heber visited Patna and met D’Oyly in the 1840s ## According to commen sense knowledge, Patna is a city in India. | Charles D'Oyly's retired and left India in 1838. | (PhraseLevel) Entity - Date/time | Text - Text | Within the same article | Implicit (reasoning required) | Did Bishop Heber meet D’Oyly in the 1840s in Patna ? | Yes | No | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
Knickerbocker Ice Company | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knickerbocker_Ice_Company | President Wesley M. Oler took the stand for the company in 1911 when detectives traveled to Rockland Lake to find the icehouses packed with ice but no workers to load the product onto barges to New York City. The lack of workers had to do with the two dollars they were getting paid when small, independent companies were paying double what bigger companies like Knickerbocker were paying their employees. Oler took to the stand to tell the court he was paying his workers properly and was even paying them extra for the work they did on Sundays, but the workers rebelled.New York Times Article (1911). "Low Wages Blamed for Ice Shortage." New York Times. When detectives dug deeper into the situation, they discovered Oler secretly made deals with other companies to purchase ice when they were suffering from deficiencies. Oler came up with numerous excuses why he was conducting the Knickerbocker Ice Company’s business in such a way. He explained it was cheaper to transport ice in smaller quantities to meet the demands of clients than to purchase more rail cars and transport everything at once. Also, the 1890s{{inconsistent}} was an exceptionally warm winter which was a major setback for the ice industry since there was not much ice to sell to consumers. Oler told the court he searched for skilled workers to harvest ice during the warm season but was unsuccessful, which is the why these complications occurred while he was president of the company. | President Wesley M. Oler took the stand for the company in 1911 when detectives traveled to Rockland Lake to find the icehouses packed with ice but no workers to load the product onto barges to New York City. The lack of workers had to do with the two dollars they were getting paid when small, independent companies were paying double what bigger companies like Knickerbocker were paying their employees. Oler took to the stand to tell the court he was paying his workers properly and was even paying them extra for the work they did on Sundays, but the workers rebelled.New York Times Article (1911). "Low Wages Blamed for Ice Shortage." New York Times. When detectives dug deeper into the situation, they discovered Oler secretly made deals with other companies to purchase ice when they were suffering from deficiencies. Oler came up with numerous excuses why he was conducting the Knickerbocker Ice Company’s business in such a way. He explained it was cheaper to transport ice in smaller quantities to meet the demands of clients than to purchase more rail cars and transport everything at once. Also, the 1890s was an exceptionally warm winter which was a major setback for the ice industry since there was not much ice to sell to consumers. Oler told the court he searched for skilled workers to harvest ice during the warm season but was unsuccessful, which is the why these complications occurred while he was president of the company. | inconsistent | null | null | Valid | null | Knickerbocker Ice Company | President Wesley M. Oler took the stand for the company in 1911 when detectives traveled to Rockland Lake to find the icehouses packed with ice but no workers to load the product onto barges to New York City. The lack of workers had to do with the two dollars they were getting paid when small, independent companies were paying double what bigger companies like Knickerbocker were paying their employees. Oler took to the stand to tell the court he was paying his workers properly and was even paying them extra for the work they did on Sundays, but the workers rebelled. When detectives dug deeper into the situation, they discovered Oler secretly made deals with other companies to purchase ice when they were suffering from deficiencies. Oler came up with numerous excuses why he was conducting the Knickerbocker Ice Company’s business in such a way. He explained it was cheaper to transport ice in smaller quantities to meet the demands of clients than to purchase more rail cars and transport everything at once. Also, the 1890s was an exceptionally warm winter which was a major setback for the ice industry since there was not much ice to sell to consumers. Oler told the court he searched for skilled workers to harvest ice during the warm season but was unsuccessful, which is the why these complications occurred while he was president of the company. | President Wesley M. Oler took the stand for the company in 1911 when detectives traveled to Rockland Lake to find the icehouses packed with ice but no workers to load the product onto barges to New York City. The lack of workers had to do with the two dollars they were getting paid when small, independent companies were paying double what bigger companies like Knickerbocker were paying their employees. Oler took to the stand to tell the court he was paying his workers properly and was even paying them extra for the work they did on Sundays, but the workers rebelled. When detectives dug deeper into the situation, they discovered Oler secretly made deals with other companies to purchase ice when they were suffering from deficiencies. Oler came up with numerous excuses why he was conducting the Knickerbocker Ice Company’s business in such a way. Oler explained it was cheaper to transport ice in smaller quantities to meet the demands of clients than to purchase more rail cars and transport everything at once. Also, the 1890s was an exceptionally warm winter which was a major setback for the ice industry since there was not much ice to sell to consumers. Oler told the court he searched for skilled workers to harvest ice during the warm season but was unsuccessful, which is the why these complications occurred while he was president of the company. | Knickerbocker Ice Company | President Wesley M. Oler took the stand for the company in 1911 when detectives traveled to Rockland Lake to find the icehouses packed with ice but no workers to load the product onto barges to New York City. The lack of workers had to do with the two dollars they were getting paid when small, independent companies were paying double what bigger companies like Knickerbocker were paying their employees. Oler took to the stand to tell the court he was paying his workers properly and was even paying them extra for the work they did on Sundays, but the workers rebelled. When detectives dug deeper into the situation, they discovered Oler secretly made deals with other companies to purchase ice when they were suffering from deficiencies. Oler came up with numerous excuses why he was conducting the Knickerbocker Ice Company’s business in such a way. He explained it was cheaper to transport ice in smaller quantities to meet the demands of clients than to purchase more rail cars and transport everything at once. Also, the 1890s was an exceptionally warm winter which was a major setback for the ice industry since there was not much ice to sell to consumers. Oler told the court he searched for skilled workers to harvest ice during the warm season but was unsuccessful, which is the why these complications occurred while he was president of the company. | President Wesley M. Oler took the stand for the company in 1911 when detectives traveled to Rockland Lake to find the icehouses packed with ice but no workers to load the product onto barges to New York City. The lack of workers had to do with the two dollars they were getting paid when small, independent companies were paying double what bigger companies like Knickerbocker were paying their employees. Oler took to the stand to tell the court he was paying his workers properly and was even paying them extra for the work they did on Sundays, but the workers rebelled. When detectives dug deeper into the situation, they discovered Oler secretly made deals with other companies to purchase ice when they were suffering from deficiencies. Oler came up with numerous excuses why he was conducting the Knickerbocker Ice Company’s business in such a way. Oler explained it was cheaper to transport ice in smaller quantities to meet the demands of clients than to purchase more rail cars and transport everything at once. Also, the 1890s was an exceptionally warm winter which was a major setback for the ice industry since there was not much ice to sell to consumers. Oler told the court he searched for skilled workers to harvest ice during the warm season but was unsuccessful, which is the why these complications occurred while he was president of the company. | Same | President Oler took the stand in 1911. | The 1890s was an exceptionally warm winter. | (PhraseLevel) Entity - Date/time | Text - Text | Within the same article | Implicit (reasoning required) | What year did President Oler take the stand in court? | President Oler took the stand in 1911 | President Oler appeard in court in the 1890s | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | President Wesley M. Oler took the stand for the company in 1911 when detectives traveled to Rockland Lake to find the icehouses packed with ice but no workers to load the product onto barges to New York City. | Also, the 1890s was an exceptionally warm winter which was a major setback for the ice industry since there was not much ice to sell to consumers. | null | null |
Kodimunai | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kodimunai | A significant number of the residents of Kodimunai do jobs related to fishing. This includes deep sea fishing, shallow water fishing, fishing from the shore (known as karamadi in the local language), fishing with mechanized boats, exporting fish, etc. Many of them work in a number of other fields like IT, medicine, education, engineering, trading, cargo shipping, etc. However, there is no noticeable local industry except for fishing{{Inconsistent}}. even most of the people discovered the passion towards fishing. of course they contribute certain percentage to Indian GDP even though it is not recognized. soon kodimunai is going to be thrived in economy comparing to other villages. kodimunai do have reliable sources like fishing, thodu and some local stocks which made this village incomparable with other places of kanyakumari. proud to say 80% of the people having high standard of living like USA. | A significant number of the residents of Kodimunai do jobs related to fishing. This includes deep sea fishing, shallow water fishing, fishing from the shore (known as karamadi in the local language), fishing with mechanized boats, exporting fish, etc. Many of them work in a number of other fields like IT, medicine, education, engineering, trading, cargo shipping, etc. However, there is no noticeable local industry except for fishing. even most of the people discovered the passion towards fishing. of course they contribute certain percentage to Indian GDP even though it is not recognized. soon kodimunai is going to be thrived in economy comparing to other villages. kodimunai do have reliable sources like fishing, thodu and some local stocks which made this village incomparable with other places of kanyakumari. proud to say 80% of the people having high standard of living like USA. | Inconsistent | null | null | Valid | null | Kodimunai | A significant number of the residents of Kodimunai do jobs related to fishing. This includes deep sea fishing, shallow water fishing, fishing from the shore (known as karamadi in the local language), fishing with mechanized boats, exporting fish, etc. | A significant number of the residents of Kodimunai do jobs related to fishing. These jobs includes deep sea fishing, shallow water fishing, fishing from the shore (known as karamadi in the local language), fishing with mechanized boats, exporting fish, etc. | Kodimunai | Many of them work in a number of other fields like IT, medicine, education, engineering, trading, cargo shipping, etc. However, there is no noticeable local industry except for fishing | Many of the residents of Kodimunai work in a number of other fields like IT, medicine, education, engineering, trading, cargo shipping, etc. However, there is no noticeable local industry except for fishing | Different | Most residents of Kodimunai have jobs related to fishing. | Many of the residents work in a number of other fields. | (DiscourseLevel) NP-related | Text - Text | Within the same article | Implicit (reasoning required) | What is the most common occupation for the residents of Kodimunai? | Fishing | IT, medicine, engineering, trading | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
Lake Maracaibo | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_Maracaibo | Lake Maracaibo is deep in the south and shallow in the north. The northern half of the lake, which looks like a bottleneck, is 55 kilometers long. The southeastern edge of the lake basin with a flat bottom is steep and the northwestern edge is gentle. It is slightly salty due to the influence of tides, and the overall salinity is between 1.5 and 3.8%.{{Inconsistent|date=December 2023|reason=Further in this paragraph the salinity is given as 10 times lower. Possibly parts per thousand (‰) here.}} The Catatumbo River forms a bird-foot-shaped delta in the southwest of the lake basin, and the surface lake water in the delta has a salinity of only 0.13%. However, the intrusion of seawater from the mouth of the lake makes the salinity of the bottom lake water higher, reaching 0.2-0.3%. The north is connected with the Gulf of Venezuela, and the spit at the mouth of the lake extends for about 26 kilometers. | Lake Maracaibo is deep in the south and shallow in the north. The northern half of the lake, which looks like a bottleneck, is 55 kilometers long. The southeastern edge of the lake basin with a flat bottom is steep and the northwestern edge is gentle. It is slightly salty due to the influence of tides, and the overall salinity is between 1.5 and 3.8%. The Catatumbo River forms a bird-foot-shaped delta in the southwest of the lake basin, and the surface lake water in the delta has a salinity of only 0.13%. However, the intrusion of seawater from the mouth of the lake makes the salinity of the bottom lake water higher, reaching 0.2-0.3%. The north is connected with the Gulf of Venezuela, and the spit at the mouth of the lake extends for about 26 kilometers. | Inconsistent|date=December 2023|reason=Further in this paragraph the salinity is given as 10 times lower. Possibly parts per thousand (‰) here. | December 2023 | Further in this paragraph the salinity is given as 10 times lower. Possibly parts per thousand (‰) here. | Valid | null | Lake Maracaibo | Lake Maracaibo is deep in the south and shallow in the north. The northern half of the lake, which looks like a bottleneck, is 55 kilometers long. The southeastern edge of the lake basin with a flat bottom is steep and the northwestern edge is gentle. It is slightly salty due to the influence of tides, and the overall salinity is between 1.5 and 3.8%. | Lake Maracaibo is deep in the south and shallow in the north. The northern half of Lake Maracaibo, which looks like a bottleneck, is 55 kilometers long. The southeastern edge of Lake Maracaibo basin with a flat bottom is steep and the northwestern edge is gentle. Lake Maracaibo is slightly salty due to the influence of tides, and the overall salinity of Lake Maracaibo is between 1.5 and 3.8%. | Lake Maracaibo | The Catatumbo River forms a bird-foot-shaped delta in the southwest of the lake basin, and the surface lake water in the delta has a salinity of only 0.13%. However, the intrusion of seawater from the mouth of the lake makes the salinity of the bottom lake water higher, reaching 0.2-0.3%. | The Catatumbo River forms a bird-foot-shaped delta in the southwest of Lake Maracaibo basin, and the surface lake water in the delta has a salinity of only 0.13%. However, the intrusion of seawater from the mouth of Lake Maracaibo makes the salinity of the bottom lake water higher, reaching 0.2-0.3%. | Different | Lake Maracaibo salinity is between 1.5 and 3.8% | Lake Maracaibo salinity reaches 0.2 - 0.3% | (PhraseLevel) Entity - Number | Text - Text | Within the same article | Explicit | What is the salinity of Lake Maracaibo? | The salinity of Lake Maracaibo is between 1.5% and 3.8% | The salinity of Lake Maracibo is between 0.2% and 0.3% | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
List of defunct newspapers of the United States | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_defunct_newspapers_of_the_United_States | This is a list of defunct newspapers of the United States. Only notable names among the thousands of such newspapers are listed, primarily major metropolitan dailies which published for ten years or more.{{Inconsistent|date=January 2018|reason=The list contains very many non-notable, small-town papers, some published for far less than 10 years.}} | This is a list of defunct newspapers of the United States. Only notable names among the thousands of such newspapers are listed, primarily major metropolitan dailies which published for ten years or more. | Inconsistent|date=January 2018|reason=The list contains very many non-notable, small-town papers, some published for far less than 10 years. | January 2018 | The list contains very many non-notable, small-town papers, some published for far less than 10 years. | Valid | null | List of defunct newspapers of the United States | This is a list of defunct newspapers of the United States. Only notable names among the thousands of such newspapers are listed, primarily major metropolitan dailies which published for ten years or more. | This is a list of defunct newspapers of the United States. Only notable names among the thousands of such newspapers are listed, primarily major metropolitan dailies which published for ten years or more. | The Hoover Gazette | The Hoover Gazette was a weekly newspaper that served the city of Hoover, Alabama. It was owned by Eagle Publishing Company LLC, published its first edition on June 5, 2006, and its last edition on August 15, 2007. The newspaper was published each Wednesday. | The Hoover Gazette was a weekly newspaper that served the city of Hoover, Alabama. The Hoover Gazette was owned by Eagle Publishing Company LLC. The Hoover Gazette was first published on June 5, 2006. The last edition of Hoover Gazette was on August 15, 2007. The newspaper Hoover Gazette was published each Wednesday. | Different | Lists only notable newspapers published for 10 years or more. | The Hoover Gazette is a small, non-notable newspaper published for less than a year. | (DiscourseLevel) NP-related | Text - Text | Across different articles | Implicit (reasoning required) | What are examples of defunct newspapers in the United States? | The Daily Worker | The Hoover Gazette | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
Little America (exploration base) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Little_America_(exploration_base) | In a later expedition to Antarctica, Byrd's expedition spotted Little America's towers still standing, including the Jacobs Wind plant installed in 1933.Robert Righter, Wind Energy in America, p.95{{Inconsistent}} | In a later expedition to Antarctica, Byrd's expedition spotted Little America's towers still standing, including the Jacobs Wind plant installed in 1933.Robert Righter, Wind Energy in America, p.95 | Inconsistent | null | null | Valid | null | Little America (exploration base) | Little America II was established in 1934, some thirty feet (ten meters) above the site of the original base, with some of the original base accessed via tunnel. This base was briefly set adrift in 1934, but the iceberg fused to the main glacier. | Little America II was established in 1934, some thirty feet (ten meters) above the site of the original base Little America I, with some of the original base accessed via tunnel. The Little America II base was briefly set adrift in 1934, but the iceberg fused to the main glacier. | Little America (exploration base) | In a later expedition to Antarctica, Byrd's expedition spotted Little America's towers still standing, including the Jacobs Wind plant installed in 1933. | In a later expedition to Antarctica, Byrd's expedition spotted Little America's towers still standing, including the Jacobs Wind plant installed in 1933. | Different | Little America II base was established in 1934. | The Jacobs Wind plant was installed at the Little America base in 1933. | (PhraseLevel) Entity - Date/time | Text - Text | Within the same article | Implicit (reasoning required) | When was Little America II base established? | 1934 | 1933 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
Imidazoline receptor | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imidazoline_receptor | *Moxonidine{{Inconsistent|date=December 2023|reason=Moxonidine is listed as both a selective I1 receptor agonist and a non-selective agonist.}} | *Moxonidine | Inconsistent|date=December 2023|reason=Moxonidine is listed as both a selective I1 receptor agonist and a non-selective agonist. | December 2023 | Moxonidine is listed as both a selective I1 receptor agonist and a non-selective agonist. | Valid | Moxonidine is listed as both a selective I1 receptor agonist and a non-selective agonist. (December 2023) | Imidazoline receptor | I1 receptors Agonists AGN 192403 Moxonidine | I1 receptors include Agonists such as AGN 192403, and Moxonidine | Imidazoline receptor | Nonselective ligands Agonists Agmatine (putative endogenous ligand at I1; also interacts with NMDA, nicotinic, and α2 adrenoceptors) Apraclonidine (α2 adrenoceptor agonist) 2-BFI (I2 agonist, NMDA antagonist) Cimetidine (I1 agonist, H2 receptor antagonist) Clonidine (I1 agonist, α2 adrenoceptor agonist) LNP-509 LNP-911 7-Me-marsanidine Dimethyltryptamine mCPP Moxonidine | Nonselective ligands include Agonists such as Agmatine (putative endogenous ligand at I1; also interacts with NMDA, nicotinic, and α2 adrenoceptors), Apraclonidine (α2 adrenoceptor agonist), 2-BFI (I2 agonist, NMDA antagonist), Cimetidine (I1 agonist, H2 receptor antagonist), Clonidine (I1 agonist, α2 adrenoceptor agonist), LNP-509, LNP-911, 7-Me-marsanidine, Dimethyltryptamine, mCPP, and Moxonidine | null | Moxonidine is listed an agonist I1 receptor | Moxonidine is a non-selective agonist I1 receptor | (PhraseLevel) Entity - Other | null | null | null | Is Moxonidine selective or non-selective Agonist? | selective | non-selective | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | I1 receptors Agonists AGN 192403 Moxonidine | Nonselective ligands Agonists Agmatine (putative endogenous ligand at I1; also interacts with NMDA, nicotinic, and α2 adrenoceptors) Apraclonidine (α2 adrenoceptor agonist) 2-BFI (I2 agonist, NMDA antagonist) Cimetidine (I1 agonist, H2 receptor antagonist) Clonidine (I1 agonist, α2 adrenoceptor agonist) LNP-509 LNP-911 7-Me-marsanidine Dimethyltryptamine mCPP Moxonidine | null | null |
Institute of Psychology of the University of Paris | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institute_of_Psychology_of_the_University_of_Paris | In 1965, Paul Fraisse becomes the institute's director.{{Inconsistent|date=April 2022|reason=The dates in the Directors section don't match}} | In 1965, Paul Fraisse becomes the institute's director. | Inconsistent|date=April 2022|reason=The dates in the Directors section don't match | April 2022 | The dates in the Directors section don't match | Valid | null | Institute of Psychology of the University of Paris | In 1965, Paul Fraisse becomes the institute's director | In 1965, Paul Fraisse becomes the Institute of Psychology of the University of Paris director | Institute of Psychology of the University of Paris | 1952 : Paul Fraisse replaces Henri Piéron with a director board including Daniel Lagache (Sorbonne, lettres), Jean Delay (Faculté de médecine), and Pierre-Paul Grassé (Sorbonne, Sciences). 1960 : Daniel Lagache steps back from co-directorship. 1961 : Paul Fraisse becomes the only director. | 1952 : Paul Fraisse replaces Henri Piéron with a director board of the Institute of Psychology of the University of Paris including Daniel Lagache (Sorbonne, lettres), Jean Delay (Faculté de médecine), and Pierre-Paul Grassé (Sorbonne, Sciences). 1960 : Daniel Lagache steps back from co-directorship. 1961 : Paul Fraisse becomes the only director of the Institute of Psychology of the University of Paris. | null | In 1965, Paul Fraisse becomes the institute's director | In 1952 Paul Fraisse became a director on the board board and that in 1961 Paul Fraisse becomes the only director. | (PhraseLevel) Entity - Date/time | Text - Text | Within the same article | Implicit (reasoning required) | What year did Paul Fraisse become a director of the Institute of Psychology of the University of Paris? | 1965 | 1952 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | In 1965, Paul Fraisse becomes the institute's director | 1952 : Paul Fraisse replaces Henri Piéron with a director board | null | null |
Julian Lewis Jones | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julian_Lewis_Jones | Julian Lewis Jones (born 21 August 1968{{Inconsistent|date=September 2023}}) is a Welsh actor. He is best known for his work in Invictus and the Justice League. | Julian Lewis Jones (born 21 August 1968) is a Welsh actor. He is best known for his work in Invictus and the Justice League. | Inconsistent|date=September 2023 | September 2023 | null | Valid | null | Julian Lewis Jones | Julian Lewis Jones (born 21 August 1968 | Julian Lewis Jones (born 21 August 1968 | Julian Lewis Jones | Julian Lewis Jones Born 27 August 1968 | Julian Lewis Jones Born 27 August 1968 | null | Julian Lewis Jones was born August 21st 1968 | Julian Lewis Jones was born August 27th 1968 | (PhraseLevel) Entity - Date/time | Text - Infobox/table | Within the same article | Explicit | What date was Julian Lewis Jones born? | August 21st 1968 | 27 August 1968 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | Julian Lewis Jones (born 21 August 1968 | Julian Lewis Jones Born 27 August 1968 | null | null |
Liu Zhi (ROC) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liu_Zhi_(ROC) | Liu first fled to British Hong Kong, and later on made a living in Indonesia as a Chinese language teacher. In 1953, he was ordered to return to Kuomingtang-controlled Taiwan as a political adviser to Chiang Kai-shek. He was decorated with the Order of Blue Sky and White Sun. He died in Taiwan in 1972.{{Inconsistent|date=April 2020|reason=contradicted in infobox}} | Liu first fled to British Hong Kong, and later on made a living in Indonesia as a Chinese language teacher. In 1953, he was ordered to return to Kuomingtang-controlled Taiwan as a political adviser to Chiang Kai-shek. He was decorated with the Order of Blue Sky and White Sun. He died in Taiwan in 1972. | Inconsistent|date=April 2020|reason=contradicted in infobox | April 2020 | contradicted in infobox | Valid | In Infobox date of dead is January 1971. | Liu Zhi (ROC) | Liu first fled to British Hong Kong, and later on made a living in Indonesia as a Chinese language teacher. In 1953, he was ordered to return to Kuomingtang-controlled Taiwan as a political adviser to Chiang Kai-shek. He was decorated with the Order of Blue Sky and White Sun. He died in Taiwan in 1972. | Liu Zhi first fled to British Hong Kong, and later on made a living in Indonesia as a Chinese language teacher. In 1953, he was ordered to return to Kuomingtang-controlled Taiwan as a political adviser to Chiang Kai-shek. He was decorated with the Order of Blue Sky and White Sun. He died in Taiwan in 1972. | Liu Zhi (ROC) | Died 15 January 1971 (aged 78) Taichung, Taiwan | Liu Zhi died on the 15 January 1971 (aged 78) in Taichung, Taiwan | null | He died in Taiwan in 1972. | Died 15 January 1971 (aged 78) | (PhraseLevel) Entity - Date/time | Text - Infobox/table | Within the same article | Explicit | When did Liu Zhi die? | Liu Zhi died in 1972. | Liu Zhi died on the 15 January 1971. | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | in 1972 | 15 January 1971 | null | null |
Loretto Chapel | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loretto_Chapel | The staircase lacks the newel or central pole usually used to support and stabilize a spiral staircase, and therefore the means of supporting the weight is not obvious. However, the staircase is supported by its stringers just like a conventional (straight) staircase, although in this case each stringer is twisted into a helix. Observers have also noted that the inside stringer has such a tight radius that it is able to function similarly to a straight center support. According to an analysis by a professional carpenter in Mysterious New Mexico, the assembly of the stringers from overlapping segments joined by wood glue{{Inconsistent|date=December 2023|reason=A prior section states neither nails or glue were used in the construction.}} creates a laminate that is actually stronger than the wood alone. Additionally, the use of wooden pegs rather than nails prevents degradation of the joints due to compression set as the wood swells against the nails due to changes in humidity or temperature. | The staircase lacks the newel or central pole usually used to support and stabilize a spiral staircase, and therefore the means of supporting the weight is not obvious. However, the staircase is supported by its stringers just like a conventional (straight) staircase, although in this case each stringer is twisted into a helix. Observers have also noted that the inside stringer has such a tight radius that it is able to function similarly to a straight center support. According to an analysis by a professional carpenter in Mysterious New Mexico, the assembly of the stringers from overlapping segments joined by wood glue creates a laminate that is actually stronger than the wood alone. Additionally, the use of wooden pegs rather than nails prevents degradation of the joints due to compression set as the wood swells against the nails due to changes in humidity or temperature. | Inconsistent|date=December 2023|reason=A prior section states neither nails or glue were used in the construction. | December 2023 | A prior section states neither nails or glue were used in the construction. | Valid | null | Loretto Chapel | The staircase lacks the newel or central pole usually used to support and stabilize a spiral staircase, and therefore the means of supporting the weight is not obvious. However, the staircase is supported by its stringers just like a conventional (straight) staircase, although in this case each stringer is twisted into a helix. Observers have also noted that the inside stringer has such a tight radius that it is able to function similarly to a straight center support. According to an analysis by a professional carpenter in Mysterious New Mexico, the assembly of the stringers from overlapping segments joined by wood glue[inconsistent] creates a laminate that is actually stronger than the wood alone. Additionally, the use of wooden pegs rather than nails prevents degradation of the joints due to compression set as the wood swells against the nails due to changes in humidity or temperature | The Loretto Chapel staircase lacks the newel or central pole usually used to support and stabilize a spiral staircase, and therefore the means of supporting the weight is not obvious. However, the staircase is supported by its stringers just like a conventional (straight) staircase, although in this case each stringer is twisted into a helix. Observers have also noted that the inside stringer has such a tight radius that it is able to function similarly to a straight center support. According to an analysis by a professional carpenter in Mysterious New Mexico, the assembly of the stringers from overlapping segments joined by wood glue creates a laminate that is actually stronger than the wood alone. Additionally, the use of wooden pegs rather than nails prevents degradation of the joints due to compression set as the wood swells against the nails due to changes in humidity or temperature | Loretto Chapel | Loretto Chapel is best known for its helix-shaped staircase (nicknamed "Miraculous Stair"), which rises 20 feet (6.1 m) to the choir loft while making two full turns, all without the support of a newel or central pole. The staircase is built mostly out of wood and is held together by wooden pegs, with no glue, nails or other hardware used. The inner stringer consists of seven wooden segments joined together with pegs, while the longer outer stringer has nine segments. The exact wood used to build the staircase has been confirmed to be a type of spruce which is not native to New Mexico and scientifically not identified anywhere else in the world. | Loretto Chapel is best known for its helix-shaped staircase (nicknamed "Miraculous Stair"), which rises 20 feet (6.1 m) to the choir loft while making two full turns, all without the support of a newel or central pole. The staircase is built mostly out of wood and is held together by wooden pegs, with no glue, nails or other hardware used. The inner stringer consists of seven wooden segments joined together with pegs, while the longer outer stringer has nine segments. The exact wood used to build the staircase has been confirmed to be a type of spruce which is not native to New Mexico and scientifically not identified anywhere else in the world. | null | According to an analysis by a professional carpenter in Mysterious New Mexico, the assembly of the stringers from overlapping segments joined by wood glue creates a laminate that is actually stronger than the wood alone | The staircase is built mostly out of wood and is held together by wooden pegs, with no glue, nails or other hardware used | (PhraseLevel) NP-related (non-entity) | Text - Text | Within the same article | Explicit | How is the Loretto Chapel staircase held together? | It is held together by overlapping segments joined by wood glue. | It is held together by wooden pegs, with no glue. | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | overlapping segments joined by wood glue | with no glue | null | null |
Alonso del Castillo Maldonado | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alonso_del_Castillo_Maldonado | In the spring of 1528, thirteen of the fifteen survivors decided to leave the island, abandoning Cabeza de Vaca (because he was sick and unable to travel) and two other members of the expedition.{{inconsistent|date=November 2016}} In April 1529, this group, led by Dorantes and Castillo, reached the coast and landed at Matagorda Bay. However, most of the members of this expedition were killed by Native Americans. Only three survived: Dorantes de Carranza, Castillo and Estevanico. | In the spring of 1528, thirteen of the fifteen survivors decided to leave the island, abandoning Cabeza de Vaca (because he was sick and unable to travel) and two other members of the expedition. In April 1529, this group, led by Dorantes and Castillo, reached the coast and landed at Matagorda Bay. However, most of the members of this expedition were killed by Native Americans. Only three survived: Dorantes de Carranza, Castillo and Estevanico. | inconsistent|date=November 2016 | November 2016 | null | Valid | null | Alonso del Castillo Maldonado | In the spring of 1528, thirteen of the fifteen survivors decided to leave the island, abandoning Cabeza de Vaca (because he was sick and unable to travel) and two other members of the expedition. In April 1529, this group, led by Dorantes and Castillo, reached the coast and landed at Matagorda Bay. However, most of the members of this expedition were killed by Native Americans. Only three survived: Dorantes de Carranza, Castillo and Estevanico. | In the spring of 1528, during the Pánfilo de Narváez's 1527 expedition, thirteen of the fifteen survivors decided to leave the Galveston island, abandoning Cabeza de Vaca (because he was sick and unable to travel) and two other members of the expedition. In April 1529, this group, led by Dorantes and Castillo, reached the coast and landed at Matagorda Bay. However, most of the members of this expedition were killed by Native Americans. Only three survived: Dorantes de Carranza, Castillo and Estevanico. | Alonso del Castillo Maldonado | Alonso del Castillo Maldonado (died after 1547) was an early Spanish explorer in the Americas. He was one of the last four survivors of the Pánfilo de Narváez expedition, along with Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca, Andrés Dorantes de Carranza and his African slave Estevanico. | Alonso del Castillo Maldonado (died after 1547) was an early Spanish explorer in the Americas. He was one of the last four survivors of the Pánfilo de Narváez expedition, along with Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca, Andrés Dorantes de Carranza and his African slave Estevanico. | null | However, most of the members of this expedition were killed by Native Americans. Only three survived: Dorantes de Carranza, Castillo and Estevanico. | Alonso del Castillo Maldonado (died after 1547) was an early Spanish explorer in the Americas. He was one of the last four survivors of the Pánfilo de Narváez expedition, along with Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca, Andrés Dorantes de Carranza and his African slave Estevanico. | (DiscourseLevel) Event/Relation-related | Text - Text | Within the same article | Explicit | How many people were survivors of the Pánfilo de Narváez expedition? | Three survived. | Four survived. | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | Only three survived | He was one of the last four survivors | null | null |
Tyler Mane | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyler_Mane | In 2007, he played Michael Myers in Rob Zombie's remake of Halloween. After winning the role, he noted that he consecutively watched seven of the eight Halloween films (excluding the third because Michael Myers does not appear apart from in an ad for the first movie) to better understand his character.EXCL: Tyler Mane on Halloween. ShockTillYouDrop.com (August 5, 2007). Retrieved on 2013-03-30. He is the tallest actor (6' 8") to portray the character.Rob Zombies Halloween Vision. Moviesonline.ca (October 25, 1978). Retrieved on 2013-03-30.{{Inconsistent}} In 2009, he reprised the role again in Rob Zombie's H2, being only the second actor to play Michael Myers more than once, and the first actor to play the role in consecutive films. | In 2007, he played Michael Myers in Rob Zombie's remake of Halloween. After winning the role, he noted that he consecutively watched seven of the eight Halloween films (excluding the third because Michael Myers does not appear apart from in an ad for the first movie) to better understand his character.EXCL: Tyler Mane on Halloween. ShockTillYouDrop.com (August 5, 2007). Retrieved on 2013-03-30. He is the tallest actor (6' 8") to portray the character.Rob Zombies Halloween Vision. Moviesonline.ca (October 25, 1978). Retrieved on 2013-03-30. In 2009, he reprised the role again in Rob Zombie's H2, being only the second actor to play Michael Myers more than once, and the first actor to play the role in consecutive films. | Inconsistent | null | null | Valid | null | Tyler Mane | In 2007, he played Michael Myers in Rob Zombie's remake of Halloween. After winning the role, he noted that he consecutively watched seven of the eight Halloween films (excluding the third because Michael Myers does not appear apart from in an ad for the first movie) to better understand his character. He is the tallest actor (6' 8") to portray the character | In 2007, Tayler Mane played Michael Myers in Rob Zombie's remake of Halloween. After winning the role, he noted that he consecutively watched seven of the eight Halloween films (excluding the third because Michael Myers does not appear apart from in an ad for the first movie) to better understand his character. He is the tallest actor (6' 8") to portray the character | Tyler Mane | Billed height 6 ft 9 in (2.06 m) | Tayler Mane height is 6 ft 9 in (2.06 m). | null | Tyler Mane is the tallest actor (6' 8") to portray the character. | Billed height 6 ft 9 in (2.06 m) | (PhraseLevel) Entity - Number | Text - Infobox/table | Within the same article | Explicit | How tall is Tyler Mane? | 6 ft 8 in | 6 ft 9 in | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | 6' 8" | 6 ft 9 in | null | null |
Heinrich Marx | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich_Marx | Heinrich Marx (born Herschel HaLevi,{{inconsistent|reason=See Talk page}} ; 15 April 1777 – 10 May 1838) was the father of the revolutionary leader and influential socialist thinker Karl Marx. He was a lawyer, and had eight children including Karl Marx and Louise Juta. | Heinrich Marx (born Herschel HaLevi, ; 15 April 1777 – 10 May 1838) was the father of the revolutionary leader and influential socialist thinker Karl Marx. He was a lawyer, and had eight children including Karl Marx and Louise Juta. | inconsistent|reason=See Talk page | null | See Talk page | Valid | null | Heinrich Marx | Heinrich Marx (born Herschel HaLevi, Yiddish: הירשל הלוי; 15 April 1777 – 10 May 1838) was a German lawyer who fathered the communist philosopher Karl Marx, as well as seven other children, including Louise Juta. | Heinrich Marx (born Herschel HaLevi, Yiddish: הירשל הלוי; 15 April 1777 – 10 May 1838) was a German lawyer who fathered the communist philosopher Karl Marx, as well as seven other children, including Louise Juta. | Heinrich Marx | Heinrich Marx was born in Saarlouis into an Ashkenazi Jewish family with the name Herschel Levi, the son of Rabbi Marx Levi Mordechai ben Samuel HaLevi von Rödelheim (1743–1804) and Eva Lwow (1753–1823) | Heinrich Marx was born in Saarlouis into an Ashkenazi Jewish family with the name Herschel Levi, the son of Rabbi Marx Levi Mordechai ben Samuel HaLevi von Rödelheim (1743–1804) and Eva Lwow (1753–1823) | null | Heinrich Marx (born Herschel HaLevi, Yiddish: הירשל הלוי; 15 April 1777 – 10 May 1838) was a German lawyer who fathered the communist philosopher Karl Marx, as well as seven other children, including Louis | Heinrich Marx was born in Saarlouis into an Ashkenazi Jewish family with the name Herschel Levi, the son of Rabbi Marx Levi Mordechai ben Samuel HaLevi von Rödelheim (1743–1804) and Eva Lwow (1753–1823) | (PhraseLevel) Entity - Person | Text - Text | Within the same article | Explicit | What is Heinrich Mark birth name? | Herschel HaLevi | Herschel Levi | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | born Herschel HaLevi | with the name Herschel Levi | null | null |
Sleep in animals | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sleep_in_animals | Sleep in fish is the subject of ongoing scientific research.Reebs, S. (1992) Sleep, inactivity and circadian rhythms in fish. pp. 127–135 in: Ali, M.A. (ed.), Rhythms in Fish, New York: Plenum Press. Typically fish exhibit periods of inactivity but show no significant reactions to deprivation of this condition.{{inconsistent}} Some species that always live in shoals or that swim continuously (because of a need for ram ventilation of the gills, for example) are suspected never to sleep. There is also doubt about certain blind species that live in caves. Other fish seem to sleep, however. For example, zebrafish,; third party discussion of Yokogawa: tilapia, tench, brown bullhead, and swell shark become motionless and unresponsive at night (or by day, in the case of the swell shark); Spanish hogfish and blue-headed wrasse can even be lifted by hand all the way to the surface without evoking a response.Tauber, E.S., 1974, The phylogeny of sleep, pp. 133–172 in: Advances in sleep research, vol. 1 (E.D. Weitzman, ed.), Spectrum Publications, New York. Studies show that some fish (for example rays and sharks) have unihemispheric sleep, which means they put half their brain to sleep while the other half still remains active and they swim while they are sleeping. A 1961 observational study of approximately 200 species in European public aquaria reported many cases of apparent sleep. On the other hand, sleep patterns are easily disrupted and may even disappear during periods of migration, spawning, and parental care. | Sleep in fish is the subject of ongoing scientific research.Reebs, S. (1992) Sleep, inactivity and circadian rhythms in fish. pp. 127–135 in: Ali, M.A. (ed.), Rhythms in Fish, New York: Plenum Press. Typically fish exhibit periods of inactivity but show no significant reactions to deprivation of this condition. Some species that always live in shoals or that swim continuously (because of a need for ram ventilation of the gills, for example) are suspected never to sleep. There is also doubt about certain blind species that live in caves. Other fish seem to sleep, however. For example, zebrafish,; third party discussion of Yokogawa: tilapia, tench, brown bullhead, and swell shark become motionless and unresponsive at night (or by day, in the case of the swell shark); Spanish hogfish and blue-headed wrasse can even be lifted by hand all the way to the surface without evoking a response.Tauber, E.S., 1974, The phylogeny of sleep, pp. 133–172 in: Advances in sleep research, vol. 1 (E.D. Weitzman, ed.), Spectrum Publications, New York. Studies show that some fish (for example rays and sharks) have unihemispheric sleep, which means they put half their brain to sleep while the other half still remains active and they swim while they are sleeping. A 1961 observational study of approximately 200 species in European public aquaria reported many cases of apparent sleep. On the other hand, sleep patterns are easily disrupted and may even disappear during periods of migration, spawning, and parental care. | inconsistent | null | null | Valid | This contradiction is quite interesting as it goes back to inconsistencies caused by ongoing research on sleep in fish. | Sleep in animals | Sleep in fish is the subject of ongoing scientific research.Typically fish exhibit periods of inactivity but show no significant reactions to deprivation of this condition. | Sleep in fish is the subject of ongoing scientific research.Typically fish exhibit periods of inactivity but show no significant reactions to deprivation of this condition. | Sleep in animals | If sleep were not essential, one would expect to find - Animal species that do not sleep at all - Animals that do not need recovery sleep after staying awake longer than usual - Animals that suffer no serious consequences as a result of lack of sleep. Hence sleep is essential for all complex animals. | If sleep were not essential in animals, one would expect to find - Animal species that do not sleep at all - Animals that do not need recovery sleep after staying awake longer than usual - Animals that suffer no serious consequences as a result of lack of sleep. Hence sleep is essential for all complex animals. | Different | Sleep in fish is the subject of ongoing scientific research.Typically fish exhibit periods of inactivity but show no significant reactions to deprivation of this condition. | If sleep were not essential in animals, one would expect to find - Animal species that do not sleep at all - Animals that do not need recovery sleep after staying awake longer than usual - Animals that suffer no serious consequences as a result of lack of sleep. Hence sleep is essential for all complex animals. | (DiscourseLevel) Event/Relation-related | Text - Text | Within the same article | Implicit (reasoning required) | Is sleep is essential for all complex animals? | Not for all types of complex animals, typically fish exhibit periods of inactivity but show no significant reactions to deprivation of this condition. | Yes as if sleep were not essential in animals, one would expect to find - Animal species that do not sleep at all - Animals that do not need recovery sleep after staying awake longer than usual - Animals that suffer no serious consequences as a result of lack of sleep. Hence sleep is essential for all complex animals. | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | show no significant reactions to deprivation of this condition | If sleep were not essential in animals, one would expect to find - Animals that suffer no serious consequences as a result of lack of sleep | null | null |
St Eunan's GAA | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_Eunan's_GAA | 2014– 2018{{inconsistent|see below}} Maxi Curran | 2014– 2018 Maxi Curran | inconsistent|see below | null | null | Valid | null | St Eunan's GAA | c. 2014–c. 2018 Maxi Curran | The manager of St Eunan's GAA in the period c2014-c.2018 was Maxi Curran. | St Eunan's GAA | c. 2017 Barry Meehan/Eddie Brennan | The managers of St Eunan's GAA in 2017 were Barry Meehan and Eddie Brennan. | Different | c. 2014–c. 2018 Maxi Curran | c. 2017 Barry Meehan/Eddie Brennan | (PhraseLevel) Entity - Date/time | Infobox/table - Infobox/table | Within the same article | Explicit | Who was the manager of St Eunan's GAA in 2017? | The manager of St Eunan's GAA in 2017 was Maxi Curran. | The managers of St Eunan's GAA in 2017 were Barry Meehan and Eddie Brennan. | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | c. 2014–c. 2018 Maxi Curran | c. 2017 Barry Meehan/Eddie Brennan | null | null |
Maria Stevens | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_Stevens | Maria Stevens (died after 1707) was an English woman who was executed for witchcraft.{{Inconsistent}}Gregory J Durston, Crimen Exceptum: The English Witch Prosecution in Context | Maria Stevens (died after 1707) was an English woman who was executed for witchcraft.Gregory J Durston, Crimen Exceptum: The English Witch Prosecution in Context | Inconsistent | null | null | Valid | null | Maria Stevens | Maria Stevens (died after 1707) was an English woman who was executed for witchcraft. | Maria Stevens (died after 1707) was an English woman who was executed for witchcraft. | Maria Stevens | She was accused of having bewitched an acquaintance, Dorothy Reeves. The trial was held at Taunton Castle. Stevens was acquitted and released after judge and jury failed to believe the evidence given against her. | Maria Stevens was accused of having bewitched an acquaintance, Dorothy Reeves. The trial was held at Taunton Castle. Stevens was acquitted and released after judge and jury failed to believe the evidence given against her. | Different | Maria Stevens (died after 1707) was an English woman who was executed for witchcraft. | Stevens was acquitted and released after judge and jury failed to believe the evidence given against her. | (PhraseLevel) Event/Relation (e.g., verb) | Text - Text | Within the same article | Explicit | Was Maria Stevens executed for witchcraft? | Maria Stevens was an English woman who was executed for witchcraft. | Maria Stevens was acquitted and released after judge and jury failed to believe the evidence given against her. | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | executed for witchcraft | Stevens was acquitted and released | null | null |
Stop Child Trafficking Now | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stop_Child_Trafficking_Now | The first walk took place in September 2011 in Augusta, Georgia, United States.{{Inconsistent|date=October 2021|reason=Tara Herrschaft (cited above) reported on a walk in 2009.}} SCTNow events have been held in more than 35 cities in the United States. | The first walk took place in September 2011 in Augusta, Georgia, United States. SCTNow events have been held in more than 35 cities in the United States. | Inconsistent|date=October 2021|reason=Tara Herrschaft (cited above) reported on a walk in 2009. | October 2021 | Tara Herrschaft (cited above) reported on a walk in 2009. | Valid | null | Stop Child Trafficking Now | The first walk took place in September 2011 in Augusta, Georgia, United States. | The first walk of the Stop Child Trafficking Now organization took place in September 2011 in Augusta, Georgia, United States. | Stop Child Trafficking Now | The organization organized annual walks to raise funds and awareness about the issue. In 2009, organizers claimed to have organized walks in 41 cities nationwide and hoped to raise over a million dollars. The group organized a protest at Phillips Square, Montreal, Quebec, Canada in September 2009. | The Stop Child Trafficking Now organization organized annual walks to raise funds and awareness about the issue. In 2009, organizers claimed to have organized walks in 41 cities nationwide and hoped to raise over a million dollars. The group organized a protest at Phillips Square, Montreal, Quebec, Canada in September 2009. | Different | The first walk took place in September 2011 in Augusta, Georgia, United States. | In 2009, organizers claimed to have organized walks in 41 cities nationwide and hoped to raise over a million dollars. The group organized a protest at Phillips Square, Montreal, Quebec, Canada in September 2009. | (PhraseLevel) Entity - Date/time | Text - Text | Within the same article | Explicit | When the first walk of the organization Stop Child Trafficking Now took place? | The first walk of the organization Stop Child Trafficking Now took place in September 2011. | The Stop Child Trafficking Now group organized a protest at Phillips Square, Montreal, Quebec, Canada in September 2009. | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | September 2011 | In 2009 | null | null |
Synthetic chord | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synthetic_chord | In music theory and harmonic analysis, a synthetic chord is a made-up or non-traditional (synthetic) chord (collection of pitches) which cannot be analyzed in terms of traditional harmonic structures,{{inconsistent|date=September 2011}} such as the triad or seventh chord. | In music theory and harmonic analysis, a synthetic chord is a made-up or non-traditional (synthetic) chord (collection of pitches) which cannot be analyzed in terms of traditional harmonic structures, such as the triad or seventh chord. | inconsistent|date=September 2011 | September 2011 | null | Valid | It's stated that a synthetic chord cannot be analyzed in terms of traditional harmonic structures, and later in the article, it's stated that some synthetic chords can be analyzed as such. | Synthetic chord | In music theory and harmonic analysis, a synthetic chord is a made-up or non-traditional (synthetic) chord (collection of pitches) which cannot be analyzed in terms of traditional harmonic structures, such as the triad or seventh chord. | In music theory and harmonic analysis, a synthetic chord is a made-up or non-traditional (synthetic) chord (collection of pitches) which cannot be analyzed in terms of traditional harmonic structures, such as the triad or seventh chord. | Synthetic chord | Some synthetic chords may be analyzed as traditional chords, including the Prometheus chord, which may be analyzed as an altered dominant chord. | Some synthetic chords may be analyzed as traditional chords, including the Prometheus chord, which may be analyzed as an altered dominant chord. | Different | A synthetic chords cannot be analyzed in terms of traditional harmonic structures | Some synthetic chords may be analyzed as traditional chords | (DiscourseLevel) NP-related | Text - Text | Within the same article | Explicit | Can any synthetic chord be analyzed in terms of traditional harmonic structures/chords? | No | Yes | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | a synthetic chord is a made-up or non-traditional (synthetic) chord (collection of pitches) which cannot be analyzed in terms of traditional harmonic structures | Some synthetic chords may be analyzed as traditional chords | null | null |
Tauhinukorokio / Mount Pleasant | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tauhinukorokio_/_Mount_Pleasant | Edward Ward, the eldest brother of Crosbie Ward, was one of the Pilgrims. On his first day in New Zealand, having arrived on the Charlotte Jane, he climbed Mount Pleasant to get a view of the Canterbury Plains. He stood by the hut built by Charles Crawford,{{Inconsistent|date=February 2021|reason=The article says Greenwood built the hut in 1846, or were there are 2 different huts built by different people at different times, for some reason? Explain this, or was Crawford occupying Greenwood's hut.}} who was managing Mount Pleasant for the Rhodes brothers, when he remarked the following: | Edward Ward, the eldest brother of Crosbie Ward, was one of the Pilgrims. On his first day in New Zealand, having arrived on the Charlotte Jane, he climbed Mount Pleasant to get a view of the Canterbury Plains. He stood by the hut built by Charles Crawford, who was managing Mount Pleasant for the Rhodes brothers, when he remarked the following: | Inconsistent|date=February 2021|reason=The article says Greenwood built the hut in 1846, or were there are 2 different huts built by different people at different times, for some reason? Explain this, or was Crawford occupying Greenwood's hut. | February 2021 | The article says Greenwood built the hut in 1846, or were there are 2 different huts built by different people at different times, for some reason? Explain this, or was Crawford occupying Greenwood's hut. | Valid | The article states that a hut was built on Mount Pleasant by Joseph Greenwood. In the same article, it's suggested that the hut was built by Charles Crawford. | Tauhinukorokio / Mount Pleasant | The first European to farm on the mountain was Joseph Greenwood of Purau, who took up land in 1846 and built a stockman's hut near the peak. | The first European to farm on the Mount Pleasant was Joseph Greenwood of Purau, who took up land in 1846 and built a stockman's hut near the peak. | Tauhinukorokio / Mount Pleasant | He stood by the hut built by Charles Crawford | Edward Ward, the eldest brother of Crosbie Ward stood by the hut on Mount Pleasant built by Charles Crawford | Different | the hut on Mount Pleasant was built by Joseph Greenwood | the hut on Mount Pleasant was build by Charles Crawford | (PhraseLevel) Entity - Location/GPE (Non-GPE locations, mountain ranges, bodies of water, and Countries, cities, states) | Text - Text | Within the same article | Implicit (reasoning required) | In the 1840s, who built the stockman's hut near the peak of Mount Pleasant? | Joseph Greenwood | Charles Crawford | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | The first European to farm on the mountain was Joseph Greenwood of Purau, who took up land in 1846 and built a stockman's hut near the peak. | He stood by the hut on Mount Pleasant built by Charles Crawford | null | null |
Tobolsk Viceroyalty | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tobolsk_Viceroyalty | According to Catherine II's regional reform (1785), which transformed provincial governments into viceroyalties, for a population to be considered a city, it had to have a special letter from Catherine II—which created a self-governing city society with the right of a legal entity—as well as the highest approved coat of arms and city plan. From 1788 until the early 1790s, general city dumas were organized in nine{{Inconsistent|reason=Says 9 cities but only 8 are listed. Which number is correct?}} cities of the Tobolsk Viceroyalty: Tobolsk, Tomsk, Tyumen, Tara, Turukhansk, Yeniseisk, Narym, and Omsk. | According to Catherine II's regional reform (1785), which transformed provincial governments into viceroyalties, for a population to be considered a city, it had to have a special letter from Catherine II—which created a self-governing city society with the right of a legal entity—as well as the highest approved coat of arms and city plan. From 1788 until the early 1790s, general city dumas were organized in nine cities of the Tobolsk Viceroyalty: Tobolsk, Tomsk, Tyumen, Tara, Turukhansk, Yeniseisk, Narym, and Omsk. | Inconsistent|reason=Says 9 cities but only 8 are listed. Which number is correct? | null | Says 9 cities but only 8 are listed. Which number is correct? | Valid | The article states that from 1788 until the early 1790s, general city dumas were organized in nine cities of the Tobolsk Viceroyalty but only lists eight | Tobolsk Viceroyalty | From 1788 until the early 1790s, general city dumas were organized in nine cities of the Tobolsk Viceroyalty. | From 1788 until the early 1790s, general city dumas were organized in nine cities of the Tobolsk Viceroyalty. | Tobolsk Viceroyalty | Tobolsk, Tomsk, Tyumen, Tara, Turukhansk, Yeniseisk, Narym, and Omsk. | Cities of the Tobolsk Viceroyalty in which general city dumas were organized from 1788 until the early 1790s: Tobolsk, Tomsk, Tyumen, Tara, Turukhansk, Yeniseisk, Narym, and Omsk. | Different | From 1788 until the early 1790s, general city dumas were organized in nine cities of the Tobolsk Viceroyalty. | Implies that From 1788 until the early 1790s, general city dumas were organized in eight cities of the Tobolsk Viceroyalty, as only eight cities are listed | (PhraseLevel) Entity - Location/GPE (Non-GPE locations, mountain ranges, bodies of water, and Countries, cities, states) | Text - Text | Within the same article | Implicit (reasoning required) | From 1788 until the early 1790s, general city dumas were organized in how many cities of the Tobolsk Viceroyalty? | Nine | Eight | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | From 1788 until the early 1790s, general city dumas were organized in nine cities of the Tobolsk Viceroyalty. | Tobolsk, Tomsk, Tyumen, Tara, Turukhansk, Yeniseisk, Narym, and Omsk | null | null |
Torpedo | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torpedo | Whitehead faced competition from the American Lieutenant Commander John A. Howell, whose design, driven by a flywheel, was simpler and cheaper. It was produced from 1885 to 1895, and it ran straight, leaving no wake. A Torpedo Test Station was set up in Rhode Island in 1870. The Howell torpedo was the only United States Navy model until Whitehead torpedoes produced by Bliss and Williams entered service in 1894. Five varieties were produced, all 18-inch diameter. The United States Navy started using the Whitehead torpedo in 1892 after an American company, E.W. Bliss, secured manufacturing rights.{{Inconsistent|date=November 2016|reason=redundant but dualling statements re Bliss: 1892 vs 1894?}} | Whitehead faced competition from the American Lieutenant Commander John A. Howell, whose design, driven by a flywheel, was simpler and cheaper. It was produced from 1885 to 1895, and it ran straight, leaving no wake. A Torpedo Test Station was set up in Rhode Island in 1870. The Howell torpedo was the only United States Navy model until Whitehead torpedoes produced by Bliss and Williams entered service in 1894. Five varieties were produced, all 18-inch diameter. The United States Navy started using the Whitehead torpedo in 1892 after an American company, E.W. Bliss, secured manufacturing rights. | Inconsistent|date=November 2016|reason=redundant but dualling statements re Bliss: 1892 vs 1894? | November 2016 | redundant but dualling statements re Bliss: 1892 vs 1894? | Valid | The article states that whitehead torpedoes entered service in 1894, but then states that The United States Navy started using the Whitehead torpedo in 1892. | Torpedo | The Howell torpedo was the only United States Navy model until Whitehead torpedoes produced by Bliss and Williams entered service in 1894. | The Howell torpedo was the only United States Navy model until Whitehead torpedoes produced by Bliss and Williams entered service in 1894. | Torpedo | The United States Navy started using the Whitehead torpedo in 1892 after an American company, E.W. Bliss, secured manufacturing rights. | The United States Navy started using the Whitehead torpedo in 1892 after an American company, E.W. Bliss, secured manufacturing rights. | Different | whitehead torpedoes entered service in 1894 | The United States Navy started using the Whitehead torpedo in 1892 | (PhraseLevel) Entity - Date/time | Text - Text | Within the same article | Explicit | In what year did the Whitehead Torpedo enter service? | 1894 | 1892 or before | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | Whitehead torpedoes produced by Bliss and Williams entered service in 1894. | The United States Navy started using the Whitehead torpedo in 1892 | null | null |
Toyota Supra | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toyota_Supra | Again using subframe, suspension, and drivetrain assemblies from the Z30 Soarer (Lexus SC300/400), pre-production of the test models started in December 1992 with 20 units made, and official mass production began in April 1993.{{Inconsistent|date=August 2020|reason=production in Motomachi plant did not start until May 1993}} The fourth-generation Supra again shared its platform with the upscale Soarer coupe, sold in the U.S. as the Lexus SC. Although the two cars looked similar dimension-wise, the new Supra was more than 13 inches (340 mm) shorter than its luxurious cousin. | Again using subframe, suspension, and drivetrain assemblies from the Z30 Soarer (Lexus SC300/400), pre-production of the test models started in December 1992 with 20 units made, and official mass production began in April 1993. The fourth-generation Supra again shared its platform with the upscale Soarer coupe, sold in the U.S. as the Lexus SC. Although the two cars looked similar dimension-wise, the new Supra was more than 13 inches (340 mm) shorter than its luxurious cousin. | Inconsistent|date=August 2020|reason=production in Motomachi plant did not start until May 1993 | August 2020 | production in Motomachi plant did not start until May 1993 | Valid | The article states that official mass production of the Fourth Generation (A80) Toyota Supra began in April 1993, but elsewhere in the article, it's stated that it began in May 1993. | Toyota Supra | official mass production began in April 1993. | official mass production of the Fourth Generation (A80) Toyota Supra began in April 1993. | Toyota Supra | Production: May 1993 – August 2002 | Production of the Fourth Generation (A80) Toyota Supra: May 1993 – August 2002 | Different | official mass production of the Fourth Generation (A80) Toyota Supra began in April 1993. | mass production of the Fourth Generation (A80) Toyota Supra began in May 1993. | (PhraseLevel) Entity - Date/time | Text - Infobox/table | Within the same article | Explicit | In what year and month did mass production of the Fourth Generation (A80) Toyota Supra begin? | April 1993 | May 1993 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | official mass production began in April 1993. | Production: May 1993 – August 2002 | null | null |
Two penny blue | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two_penny_blue | The Two Penny Blue or The Two Pence Blue was the world's second official postage stamp,{{inconsistent|date=May 2020}} produced in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and issued after the Penny Black. | The Two Penny Blue or The Two Pence Blue was the world's second official postage stamp, produced in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and issued after the Penny Black. | inconsistent|date=May 2020 | May 2020 | null | Valid | The article states that The Two Penny Blue or The Two Pence Blue was the world's second official postage stamp, having first been printed on 1 May 1840, yet in another wikipedia article, for "The Penny Black", which is supposedly the world's first postage stamp, it's stated that that stamp was also first printed on 1 May 1840. | Two penny blue | The Two Penny Blue or The Two Pence Blue was the world's second official postage stamp, produced in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and issued after the Penny Black. [...] Initial printing took place from 1 May 1840. [...] Officially the stamps were valid for postage from 6 May. | The Two Penny Blue or The Two Pence Blue was the world's second official postage stamp, produced in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and issued after the Penny Black. [...] Initial printing took place from 1 May 1840. [...] Officially the stamps were valid for postage from 6 May. | Penny black | The Penny Black was the world's first adhesive postage stamp used in a public postal system. It was first issued in the United Kingdom on 1 May 1840 but was not valid for use until 6 May. | The Penny Black was the world's first adhesive postage stamp used in a public postal system. It was first issued in the United Kingdom on 1 May 1840 but was not valid for use until 6 May. | Different | The Two Penny Blue was the world's second postage stamp. | The Penny Black was the world's first postage stamp despite entering use on. the same date as The Two Penny Blue | (PhraseLevel) Entity - Date/time | Text - Text | Across different articles | Implicit (reasoning required) | Which postage stamp was issued first: "Two Penny Blue" or "Penny Black"? | The Penny Black | Same date | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | Officially the stamps were valid for postage from 6 May. | It was first issued in the United Kingdom on 1 May 1840 but was not valid for use until 6 May. | null | null |
Ndaté Yalla Mbodj | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ndaté_Yalla_Mbodj | After several skirmishes, Maroso Tassé and his wife refused to submit to French invasion and mobilized more forces in order to repulse the French army. In February 1855, Faidherbe departed from Saint-Louis with a force of 450 French soldiers and 400 armed volunteers in order to march on Nder, Ndaté's capital. On 25 February at the Battle of Dioubouldy, the French defeated the combined Waalo and Trarza armies. The French then entered Nder, which had been deserted by the Queen and her followers, and burned it down. Maroso Tassé and his warriors still held firm and refused to submit. The Queen who was receiving updates still remained defiant. On 31 January 1855{{Inconsistent|date=April 2021}}, Faidherbe finally defeated the Queen and gained control of Waalo.Seye, El Hadji Amadou, Walo Brack, Les éditions Maguilen (Dakar, 2007), p. 204 Having been defeated, the Queen gave the following speech in front of her dignitaries: | After several skirmishes, Maroso Tassé and his wife refused to submit to French invasion and mobilized more forces in order to repulse the French army. In February 1855, Faidherbe departed from Saint-Louis with a force of 450 French soldiers and 400 armed volunteers in order to march on Nder, Ndaté's capital. On 25 February at the Battle of Dioubouldy, the French defeated the combined Waalo and Trarza armies. The French then entered Nder, which had been deserted by the Queen and her followers, and burned it down. Maroso Tassé and his warriors still held firm and refused to submit. The Queen who was receiving updates still remained defiant. On 31 January 1855, Faidherbe finally defeated the Queen and gained control of Waalo.Seye, El Hadji Amadou, Walo Brack, Les éditions Maguilen (Dakar, 2007), p. 204 Having been defeated, the Queen gave the following speech in front of her dignitaries: | Inconsistent|date=April 2021 | April 2021 | null | Valid | null | Ndaté Yalla Mbodj | In February 1855, Faidherbe departed from Saint-Louis with a force of 450 French soldiers and 400 armed volunteers in order to march on Nder, Ndaté's capital. On 25 February at the Battle of Dioubouldy, the French defeated the combined Waalo and Trarza armies. The French then entered Nder, which had been deserted by the Queen and her followers, and burned it down. Maroso Tassé and his warriors still held firm and refused to submit. The Queen who was receiving updates still remained defiant. | In February 1855, General Louis Faidherbe (French general and colonial administrator) departed from Saint-Louis with a force of 450 French soldiers and 400 armed volunteers in order to march on Nder, Waalo's (a Jolof kingdom located in what is now northwest Senegal) capital. On 25 February at the Battle of Dioubouldy, the French defeated the combined Waalo and Trarza (region in what is now southwest Mauritania) armies. The French then entered Nder, which had been deserted by Ndaté Yalla Mbodj and her followers, and burned it down. Maroso Tassé and his warriors still held firm and refused to submit. Ndaté Yalla Mbodj who was receiving updates still remained defiant. | Ndaté Yalla Mbodj | On 31 January 1855, Faidherbe finally defeated the Queen and gained control of Waalo. | On 31 January 1855, Faidherbe finally defeated Ndaté Yalla Mbodj and gained control of Waalo. | Different | On 25 February at the Battle of Dioubouldy, the French defeated the combined Waalo and Trarza armies. | On 31 January 1855, Faidherbe (French general and colonial administrator) finally defeated the Queen and gained control of Waalo. | (PhraseLevel) Event/Relation (e.g., verb) | Text - Text | Within the same article | Explicit | In which year and month did the French general Louis Faidherbe defeat the Queen of Waalo, Ndaté Yalla Mbodj? | February 1855 | January 1855 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | February 1855 | 31 January 1855 | null | null |
Ndaté Yalla Mbodj | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ndaté_Yalla_Mbodj | Ndaté Yalla Mbodj, is regarded as a heroine in Senegambian history, and one of the most famous women of 19th century Senegambia. Along with several other African heroines, she played a crucial role in the struggle for African liberation. Oral historians (also known as griots) have recorded her bravery, and she remains a symbol of female empowerment and resistance against French colonialism. Queen Ndate Yalla Mbodj died in Dagana, where a statue erected in her honor still stands.{{Inconsistent|date=December 2023}} | Ndaté Yalla Mbodj, is regarded as a heroine in Senegambian history, and one of the most famous women of 19th century Senegambia. Along with several other African heroines, she played a crucial role in the struggle for African liberation. Oral historians (also known as griots) have recorded her bravery, and she remains a symbol of female empowerment and resistance against French colonialism. Queen Ndate Yalla Mbodj died in Dagana, where a statue erected in her honor still stands. | Inconsistent|date=December 2023 | December 2023 | null | Valid | null | Ndaté Yalla Mbodj | In light of their crushing defeat, with the advice of the Jogomay, Jawdin and Maalo (the three powerful noble council of electors responsible for electing the kings and queens of Waalo from the ruling family) and Maaroso Tassé's relatives in the royal family of Cayor, requested that the royal couple move to Cayor for refuge and protection. They left for Cayor, and received protection from their relatives. The French demanded that the royal family of Cayor hand them over as their prisoners, and if they refuse to do so Cayor would be deemed an enemy. The royal family of Cayor refused to do so and offered them protection. The Queen remained in Cayor until her death in 1860. | In light of their crushing defeat, with the advice of the Jogomay, Jawdin and Maalo (the three powerful noble council of electors responsible for electing the kings and queens of Waalo from the ruling family) and Maaroso Tassé's (Ndaté Yalla Mbodj's husband) relatives in the royal family of Cayor, requested that the royal couple move to Cayor for refuge and protection. They left for Cayor, and received protection from their relatives. The French demanded that the royal family of Cayor hand them over as their prisoners, and if they refuse to do so Cayor would be deemed an enemy. The royal family of Cayor refused to do so and offered them protection. Ndaté Yalla Mbodj remained in Cayor until her death in 1860. | Ndaté Yalla Mbodj | Died 1860 Dagana, Wolof Kingdom of Waalo. Ndaté Yalla Mbodj, is regarded as a heroine in Senegambian history, and one of the most famous women of 19th century Senegambia. Along with several other African heroines, she played a crucial role in the struggle for African liberation. Oral historians (also known as griots) have recorded her bravery, and she remains a symbol of female empowerment and resistance against French colonialism. Queen Ndate Yalla Mbodj died in Dagana, where a statue erected in her honor still stands. | Ndaté Yalla Mbodj died in 1860 in Dagana, Wolof Kingdom of Waalo. Ndaté Yalla Mbodj, is regarded as a heroine in Senegambian history, and one of the most famous women of 19th century Senegambia. Along with several other African heroines, she played a crucial role in the struggle for African liberation. Oral historians (also known as griots) have recorded her bravery, and she remains a symbol of female empowerment and resistance against French colonialism. Queen Ndate Yalla Mbodj died in Dagana, where a statue erected in her honor still stands. | Different | The Queen remained in Cayor until her death in 1860. | Ndaté Yalla Mbodj died in 1860 in Dagana, Wolof Kingdom of Waalo. Queen Ndaté Yalla Mbodj died in Dagana. | (PhraseLevel) Entity - Location/GPE (Non-GPE locations, mountain ranges, bodies of water, and Countries, cities, states) | Text - Infobox/table | Within the same article | Implicit (reasoning required) | Did Ndaté Yalla Mbodj die in Cayor? | Yes | No | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | Cayor | Dagana | null | null |
Paul McCole | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_McCole | Paul McCole (born 10{{Inconsistent|date=March 2023}} February 1972) is a Scottish actor, comedian and musician. He is perhaps best known for his role as Limmy's pal and also in the dark comedy series High Times along with his brother Stephen. He has appeared in television shows such as Limmy's Show, Taggart, Rab C. Nesbitt, and Still Game. McCole also performed in The Strange Undoing of Prudencia Heart from 2013 to 2014, (this was the longest touring show from the National Theatre of Scotland). He spends his time in an irreverent comedy duo/band with his writing partner Gordon Munro, Dignitas. | Paul McCole (born 10 February 1972) is a Scottish actor, comedian and musician. He is perhaps best known for his role as Limmy's pal and also in the dark comedy series High Times along with his brother Stephen. He has appeared in television shows such as Limmy's Show, Taggart, Rab C. Nesbitt, and Still Game. McCole also performed in The Strange Undoing of Prudencia Heart from 2013 to 2014, (this was the longest touring show from the National Theatre of Scotland). He spends his time in an irreverent comedy duo/band with his writing partner Gordon Munro, Dignitas. | Inconsistent|date=March 2023 | March 2023 | null | Valid | The introduction and the infobox give two different birth dates. | Paul McCole | Born 1 February 1972 (age 52) Castlemilk, Scotland. | Paul McCole was born on 1 February 1972 (age 52) in Castlemilk, Scotland. | Paul McCole | Paul McCole (born 10 February 1972) is a Scottish actor, comedian and musician. He is perhaps best known for his role as Limmy's pal and also in the dark comedy series High Times along with his brother Stephen. He has appeared in television shows such as Limmy's Show, Taggart, Rab C. Nesbitt, and Still Game. McCole also performed in The Strange Undoing of Prudencia Heart from 2013 to 2014, (this was the longest touring show from the National Theatre of Scotland). He spends his time in an irreverent comedy duo/band with his writing partner Gordon Munro, Dignitas. | Paul McCole (born 10 February 1972) is a Scottish actor, comedian and musician. He is perhaps best known for his role as Limmy's pal and also in the dark comedy series High Times along with his brother Stephen. He has appeared in television shows such as Limmy's Show, Taggart, Rab C. Nesbitt, and Still Game. McCole also performed in The Strange Undoing of Prudencia Heart from 2013 to 2014, (this was the longest touring show from the National Theatre of Scotland). He spends his time in an irreverent comedy duo/band with his writing partner Gordon Munro, Dignitas. | Different | Paul McCole was born on 1 February 1972 (age 52) in Castlemilk, Scotland. | Paul McCole (born 10 February 1972) is a Scottish actor, comedian and musician. | (PhraseLevel) Entity - Date/time | Text - Infobox/table | Within the same article | Explicit | When was Paul McCole born? | 1 February 1972 | 10 February 1972 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | Born 1 February 1972 | born 10 February 1972 | null | null |
Mediterranean seas | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mediterranean_seas | *The Baltic Sea is a brackish inland sea, alleged to be the largest body of brackish water in the world (other possibilities include the Black Sea).{{Inconsistent|date=October 2019|reason=Baltic Sea is listed as a mediterranean sea in a section above. The Exceptions section seems to be meant to list seas that meet most criteria of mediterranean sea and yet are not considered so. Why is Baltic Sea listed in both exception and non-exception lists?}} It occupies a basin formed by glacial erosion. | *The Baltic Sea is a brackish inland sea, alleged to be the largest body of brackish water in the world (other possibilities include the Black Sea). It occupies a basin formed by glacial erosion. | Inconsistent|date=October 2019|reason=Baltic Sea is listed as a mediterranean sea in a section above. The Exceptions section seems to be meant to list seas that meet most criteria of mediterranean sea and yet are not considered so. Why is Baltic Sea listed in both exception and non-exception lists? | October 2019 | Baltic Sea is listed as a mediterranean sea in a section above. The Exceptions section seems to be meant to list seas that meet most criteria of mediterranean sea and yet are not considered so. Why is Baltic Sea listed in both exception and non-exception lists? | Valid | Baltic Sea is listed as a mediterranean sea in a section above. The Exceptions section seems to be meant to list seas that meet most criteria of mediterranean sea and yet are not considered so. Why is Baltic Sea listed in both exception and non-exception lists? | Mediterranean seas | List of mediterranean seas The mediterranean seas of the Atlantic Ocean • The Baltic Sea Types of mediterranean seas Dilution basin • A dilution basin has a lower salinity due to freshwater gains such as rainfall and rivers, and its water exchange consists of outflow of the fresher mediterranean water in the upper layer and inflow of the saltier oceanic water in the lower layer of the channel. Renewal of deep water may not be sufficient to supply oxygen to the bottom. o The Baltic Sea | The Baltic Sea is a mediterranean sea of the Atlantic Ocean. An example of a mediterranean sea which is a dilution basin is the Baltic Sea. A dilution basin has a lower salinity due to freshwater gains such as rainfall and rivers, and its water exchange consists of outflow of the fresher mediterranean water in the upper layer and inflow of the saltier oceanic water in the lower layer of the channel. Renewal of deep water may not be sufficient to supply oxygen to the bottom. | Mediterranean seas | Exceptions The Baltic Sea is a brackish inland sea, alleged to be the largest body of brackish water in the world (other possibilities include the Black Sea). It occupies a basin formed by glacial erosion. | The Baltic Sea is not a mediterranean sea because is a brackish inland sea, alleged to be the largest body of brackish water in the world (other possibilities include the Black Sea). It occupies a basin formed by glacial erosion. | Different | The Baltic Sea is a mediterranean sea of the Atlantic Ocean. The Baltic Sea is a type of mediterranean sea. | The Baltic Sea is an exception: it is not a mediterranean sea. | (DiscourseLevel) NP-related | Text - Text | Within the same article | Explicit | Is the Baltic Sea considered a type of mediterranean sea? | Yes | No | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | The mediterranean seas of the Atlantic Ocean The Baltic Sea Types of mediterranean seas The Baltic Sea | Exceptions The Baltic Sea | null | null |
Microsoft Office 2013 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Office_2013 | On June 9, 2018, Microsoft announced that its forums would no longer include Office 2013 or other products in extended support among its products for discussions involving support. On August 27, 2021, Microsoft announced that Microsoft Outlook 2013 SP1 with all subsequent updates will be required to connect to Microsoft 365 Exchange servers by November 1, 2021; Outlook 2013 without SP1 will no longer be supported. Later on, Microsoft claimed that Office 2013 would no longer be supported on Windows 11 and Windows Server 2022. Nevertheless, it still runs on Windows 11 and Windows Server 2022.{{Inconsistent|reason=The article's summary said earlier that it was not confirmed Office 2013 could run on Windows Server 2022.|date=September 2023}} | On June 9, 2018, Microsoft announced that its forums would no longer include Office 2013 or other products in extended support among its products for discussions involving support. On August 27, 2021, Microsoft announced that Microsoft Outlook 2013 SP1 with all subsequent updates will be required to connect to Microsoft 365 Exchange servers by November 1, 2021; Outlook 2013 without SP1 will no longer be supported. Later on, Microsoft claimed that Office 2013 would no longer be supported on Windows 11 and Windows Server 2022. Nevertheless, it still runs on Windows 11 and Windows Server 2022. | Inconsistent|reason=The article's summary said earlier that it was not confirmed Office 2013 could run on Windows Server 2022.|date=September 2023 | September 2023 | The article's summary said earlier that it was not confirmed Office 2013 could run on Windows Server 2022. | Valid | The article's summary said earlier that it was not confirmed Office 2013 could run on Windows Server 2022. | Microsoft Office 2013 | A version of Office 2013 comes included on Windows RT devices. It has been confirmed to work on Windows 11 on March 4, 2023, but not Windows Server 2022. Later on, Microsoft claimed that Office 2013 would no longer be supported on Windows 11 and Windows Server 2022. | A version of Microsoft Office 2013 comes included on Windows RT devices. It has been confirmed to work on Windows 11 on March 4, 2023, but not Windows Server 2022. Later on, Microsoft claimed that Microsoft Office 2013 would no longer be supported on Windows 11 and Windows Server 2022. | Microsoft Office 2013 | Operating system Windows Server 2022. Nevertheless, it still runs on Windows 11 and Windows Server 2022. | Microsoft Office 2013 is available for Windows Server 2022. Microsoft Office 2013 still runs on Windows 11 and Windows Server 2022. | Different | Microsoft Office 2013 has been confirmed to not work on Windows Server 2022. | Microsoft Office 2013 still runs on Windows Server 2022. | (PhraseLevel) Event/Relation (e.g., verb) | Text - Infobox/table | Within the same article | Explicit | Does Microsoft Office 2013 work on Windows Server 2022? | No | Yes | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | not work on Windows Server 2022 | runs on Windows Server 2022 | null | null |
Mint stamp | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mint_stamp | In practice{{Inconsistent|date=December 2021|reason=If a mint stamp is "as issued", any deviation from that cannot be "mint" any more.}}, the term is used within philately to refer to any stamp that appears to be unused, including those without gum, or previously hinged. | In practice, the term is used within philately to refer to any stamp that appears to be unused, including those without gum, or previously hinged. | Inconsistent|date=December 2021|reason=If a mint stamp is "as issued", any deviation from that cannot be "mint" any more. | December 2021 | If a mint stamp is "as issued", any deviation from that cannot be "mint" any more. | Valid | If a mint stamp is "as issued", any deviation from that cannot be "mint" any more. However, such a stamp can still be unused. | Mint stamp | In philately, a mint stamp is one which is in its original state of issue, is unused, has never been mounted and has full gum, if issued with gum. The term applies equally to postage stamps and revenue stamps. | In philately, a mint stamp is one which is in its original state of issue, is unused, has never been mounted and has full gum, if issued with gum. The term applies equally to postage stamps and revenue stamps. | Mint stamp | In practice, the term is used within philately to refer to any stamp that appears to be unused, including those without gum, or previously hinged. Variations of the term mint include: • Mint hinged (MH) – the stamp is unused but has been previously hinged. Remains of the hinge or gum disturbance are visible. • Mounted mint (MM) – the same as Mint hinged. • Mint no gum (MNG) – the stamp appears to be unused but has no gum. It might have been used but not cancelled, or have been issued without gum. • Unmounted mint (UM) – the stamp is unused and appears never to have been mounted. • Mint never hinged (MNH) – the same as unmounted mint but with an assertion that the stamp is not a formerly mounted stamp that has been tampered with to remove traces of mounting. The hinging referred to in these terms is mounting of the stamp in a stamp album by the application of a stamp hinge to the back of the stamp. The highest grade is unmounted mint or mint never hinged. The term mint never hinged has developed to provide reassurance to buyers that the stamp has not been tampered with to remove traces of mounting, as the term unmounted mint was thought to be ambiguous. | In practice, the term of mint stamp is used within philately to refer to any stamp that appears to be unused, including those without gum, or previously hinged. Variations of the term mint include: • Mint hinged (MH) – the stamp is unused but has been previously hinged. Remains of the hinge or gum disturbance are visible. • Mounted mint (MM) – the same as Mint hinged. • Mint no gum (MNG) – the stamp appears to be unused but has no gum. It might have been used but not cancelled, or have been issued without gum. • Unmounted mint (UM) – the stamp is unused and appears never to have been mounted. • Mint never hinged (MNH) – the same as unmounted mint but with an assertion that the stamp is not a formerly mounted stamp that has been tampered with to remove traces of mounting. The hinging referred to in these terms is mounting of the stamp in a stamp album by the application of a stamp hinge to the back of the stamp. The highest grade is unmounted mint or mint never hinged. The term mint never hinged has developed to provide reassurance to buyers that the stamp has not been tampered with to remove traces of mounting, as the term unmounted mint was thought to be ambiguous. | Different | a mint stamp is one which is in its original state of issue, is unused, has never been mounted and has full gum, if issued with gum. | the term is used within philately to refer to any stamp that appears to be unused, including those without gum, or previously hinged. Variations of the term mint include: the stamp is unused but has been previously hinged (remains of the hinge or gum disturbance are visible); the stamp appears to be unused but has no gum (it might have been used but not cancelled, or have been issued without gum); the stamp is unused and appears never to have been mounted; the stamp is not a formerly mounted stamp that has been tampered with to remove traces of mounting. | (DiscourseLevel) Event/Relation-related | Text - Text | Within the same article | Implicit (reasoning required) | Is a mint stamp hinged? | No | Yes | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | original state of issue, is unused, has never been mounted and has full gum, if issued with gum. | appears to be unused, including those without gum, or previously hinged. unused but has been previously hinged. appears to be unused but has no gum. might have been used but not cancelled, or have been issued without gum. unused and appears never to have been mounted. is not a formerly mounted stamp that has been tampered with to remove traces of mounting. | null | null |
Mitta Mitta River | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitta_Mitta_River | The river flows through a magnificent valley that contains four small towns: Mitta Mitta, Eskdale, Dartmouth.{{Inconsistent|reason=text says 'four' but lists only 3}} Mitta Mitta is a small hamlet at the confluence of the River and Snowy Creek. | The river flows through a magnificent valley that contains four small towns: Mitta Mitta, Eskdale, Dartmouth. Mitta Mitta is a small hamlet at the confluence of the River and Snowy Creek. | Inconsistent|reason=text says 'four' but lists only 3 | null | text says 'four' but lists only 3 | Valid | text says 'four' but lists only 3 | Mitta Mitta River | The river flows through a magnificent valley that contains four small towns: Mitta Mitta, Eskdale, Dartmouth. | Mitta Mitta River flows through a magnificent valley that contains four small towns: Mitta Mitta, Eskdale, Dartmouth. | Mitta Mitta River | The river flows through a magnificent valley that contains four small towns: Mitta Mitta, Eskdale, Dartmouth. | Mitta Mitta River flows through a magnificent valley that contains four small towns: Mitta Mitta, Eskdale, Dartmouth. | Same | Mitta Mitta River flows through a magnificent valley that contains four small towns. | Mitta Mitta River flows through a magnificent valley that contains three small towns. | (PhraseLevel) Entity - Number | Text - Text | Within the same article | Explicit | How many small towns does the valley in which the Mitta Mitta river flows contain? | four | three | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | four small towns | three small towns | null | null |
Karl Weyprecht | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Weyprecht | Karl Weyprecht, also spelt Carl Weyprecht, (8 September 1838 – 2 March 1881{{inconsistent}}) was an Austro-Hungarian explorer. He was an officer (k.u.k. Linienschiffsleutnant) in the Austro-Hungarian Navy. He is most famous as an Arctic explorer, and an advocate of international cooperation for scientific polar exploration. Although he did not live to see it occur, he is associated with the organisation of the first International Polar Year. | Karl Weyprecht, also spelt Carl Weyprecht, (8 September 1838 – 2 March 1881) was an Austro-Hungarian explorer. He was an officer (k.u.k. Linienschiffsleutnant) in the Austro-Hungarian Navy. He is most famous as an Arctic explorer, and an advocate of international cooperation for scientific polar exploration. Although he did not live to see it occur, he is associated with the organisation of the first International Polar Year. | inconsistent | null | null | Valid | This statement is inconsistent with other parts of the article. Death date is inconsistent (also inconsistent with the French and German Wikipedias and Wikidata). | Karl Weyprecht | Karl Weyprecht, also spelt Carl Weyprecht, (8 September 1838 – 2 March 1881) was an Austro-Hungarian explorer. | Karl Weyprecht, also spelt Carl Weyprecht, (8 September 1838 – 2 March 1881) was an Austro-Hungarian explorer. | Karl Weyprecht | Died 3 March 1881 (aged 42) | Karl Weyprecht died on 3 March 1881 (aged 42). | Different | Karl Weyprecht died on 2 March 1881. | Karl Weyprecht died on 3 March 1881. | (PhraseLevel) Entity - Date/time | Text - Infobox/table | Within the same article | Explicit | What day did Karl Weyprecht die? | 2 March 1881 | 3 March 1881 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | 2 March 1881 | 3 March 1881 | null | null |
Wolfoo | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfoo | * Scout Skunk, a 34-year-old skunk who is a badger{{Inconsistent|date=June 2023|reason=When is a skunk a badger?}} | * Scout Skunk, a 34-year-old skunk who is a badger | Inconsistent|date=June 2023|reason=When is a skunk a badger? | June 2023 | When is a skunk a badger? | Valid | When is a skunk a badger? | Wolfoo | Scout Skunk, a 34-year-old skunk who is a badger | Scout Skunk, a 34-year-old skunk who is a badger | Wolfoo | Scout Skunk, a 34-year-old skunk who is a badger | Scout Skunk, a 34-year-old skunk who is a badger | Same | Scout Skunk is a skunk | Scout Skunk is a badger | (PhraseLevel) NP-related (non-entity) | Text - Text | Within the same article | Implicit (reasoning required) | What kind of animal is Scout Skunk? | skunk | badger | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | skunk | badger | null | null |
Moscow Peace Treaty | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moscow_Peace_Treaty | The treaty was signed on the evening of 12 March, Moscow Time, or 1 hour on 13 March, Finnish time. The protocol appended to the treaty stipulated that the fighting should end at noon, Leningrad time (11:00 Finnish time),{{Inconsistent|date=March 2020|reason=This sentence states that Russian time is ahead of Finnish time. The sentence previous to this sentence states the opposite.}} and the fighting continued until then.Степаков, Виктор, Евгений Балашов. В «Новых районах»: Из истории освоения карельского перешейка, 1940–1941, 1944–1950 . Saint Petersburg: Нордмедиздат, 2001. p. 5 | The treaty was signed on the evening of 12 March, Moscow Time, or 1 hour on 13 March, Finnish time. The protocol appended to the treaty stipulated that the fighting should end at noon, Leningrad time (11:00 Finnish time), and the fighting continued until then.Степаков, Виктор, Евгений Балашов. В «Новых районах»: Из истории освоения карельского перешейка, 1940–1941, 1944–1950 . Saint Petersburg: Нордмедиздат, 2001. p. 5 | Inconsistent|date=March 2020|reason=This sentence states that Russian time is ahead of Finnish time. The sentence previous to this sentence states the opposite. | March 2020 | This sentence states that Russian time is ahead of Finnish time. The sentence previous to this sentence states the opposite. | Valid | One sentence incorrectly implies that Finnish time is ahead of Russian time. Another sentence correctly implies the opposite. | Moscow Peace Treaty | The treaty was signed on the evening of 12 March, Moscow Time, or 1 hour on 13 March, Finnish time. | The Moscow Peace Treaty was signed on the evening of 12 March, Moscow Time, or 1 hour on 13 March, Finnish time. | Moscow Peace Treaty | The protocol appended to the treaty stipulated that the fighting should end at noon, Leningrad time (11:00 Finnish time), and the fighting continued until then. | The protocol appended to the Moscow Peace Treaty stipulated that the fighting should end at noon, Leningrad time (11:00 Finnish time), and the fighting continued until then. | null | The treaty was signed on the evening of 12 March, Moscow Time, or 1 hour on 13 March, Finnish time. | the fighting should end at noon, Leningrad time (11:00 Finnish time). | (PhraseLevel) Entity - Location/GPE (Non-GPE locations, mountain ranges, bodies of water, and Countries, cities, states) | Text - Text | Within the same article | Implicit (reasoning required) | Is Finland's timezone earlier than all of Russia's timezones? | No | Yes | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | the evening of 12 March, Moscow Time, or 1 hour on 13 March, Finnish time. | noon, Leningrad time (11:00 Finnish time) | null | null |
List of most visited palaces and monuments | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_most_visited_palaces_and_monuments | This is a list of the most visited national monuments, including palaces, historical monuments and historic sites. It does not include churches, religious shrines and pilgrimage sites {{Inconsistent|reason=There are churches in the list.}}. Sources used to compile the list include an annual survey of the Association of Leading Visitor Attractions (ALVA) in the United Kingdom; the U.S. National Park Service list of National Monuments, Patrimonio Nacional of Spain, and the French and Russian Ministries of Culture. | This is a list of the most visited national monuments, including palaces, historical monuments and historic sites. It does not include churches, religious shrines and pilgrimage sites . Sources used to compile the list include an annual survey of the Association of Leading Visitor Attractions (ALVA) in the United Kingdom; the U.S. National Park Service list of National Monuments, Patrimonio Nacional of Spain, and the French and Russian Ministries of Culture. | Inconsistent|reason=There are churches in the list. | null | There are churches in the list. | Valid | The article titles states that there are no churches in the list but there are indeed churches in the list. | List of most visited palaces and monuments | It does not include churches, religious shrines and pilgrimage sites. | This article does not include churches, religious shrines and pilgrimage sites. | List of most visited palaces and monuments | Name: Forbidden City, St. Peter's Basilica, Palace of Versailles, Lincoln Memorial, Colosseum, Parthenon, Eiffel Tower, Taj Mahal, Cologne Cathedral, Peterhof Palace, Łazienki Palace, Vietnam Veterans Memorial, World War II Memorial, Independence National Historical Park, Sagrada Família, Statue of Liberty National Monument, Teotihuacán, Mysore Palace, Tsarskoe Selo State Museum-Reserve, Pompeii, Wilanów Palace, Schönbrunn Palace, Kazan Kremlin, Tower of London, Alhambra, Chichén Itzá, Topkapı Palace, Chapultepec Castle, Ciudad de las Artes y las Ciencias, Statue of Unity, Moscow Kremlin, Battle of Stalingrad, Tulum, Auschwitz-Birkenau Memorial and Museum, Edinburgh Castle, Mosque–Cathedral of Córdoba, Royal Alcázar of Seville, Wawel Castle, Arc de Triomphe, Royal Palace of Madrid, Neuschwanstein, Machu Picchu, Castillo San Felipe del Morro | Name of site: Forbidden City, St. Peter's Basilica, Palace of Versailles, Lincoln Memorial, Colosseum, Parthenon, Eiffel Tower, Taj Mahal, Cologne Cathedral, Peterhof Palace, Łazienki Palace, Vietnam Veterans Memorial, World War II Memorial, Independence National Historical Park, Sagrada Família, Statue of Liberty National Monument, Teotihuacán, Mysore Palace, Tsarskoe Selo State Museum-Reserve, Pompeii, Wilanów Palace, Schönbrunn Palace, Kazan Kremlin, Tower of London, Alhambra, Chichén Itzá, Topkapı Palace, Chapultepec Castle, Ciudad de las Artes y las Ciencias, Statue of Unity, Moscow Kremlin, Battle of Stalingrad, Tulum, Auschwitz-Birkenau Memorial and Museum, Edinburgh Castle, Mosque–Cathedral of Córdoba, Royal Alcázar of Seville, Wawel Castle, Arc de Triomphe, Royal Palace of Madrid, Neuschwanstein, Machu Picchu, Castillo San Felipe del Morro | null | there are no chuches in the list. | includes some churches in the list | (PhraseLevel) Entity - FAC (Buildings, airports, highways, bridges, etc.) | Text - Infobox/table | Within the same article | Implicit (reasoning required) | Does the list contain churches? | No | Yes | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | It does not include churches, religious shrines and pilgrimage sites. | Forbidden City, St. Peter's Basilica, Palace of Versailles, Lincoln Memorial, Colosseum, Parthenon, Eiffel Tower, Taj Mahal, Cologne Cathedral, Peterhof Palace, Łazienki Palace, Vietnam Veterans Memorial, World War II Memorial, Independence National Historical Park, Sagrada Família, Statue of Liberty National Monument, Teotihuacán, Mysore Palace, Tsarskoe Selo State Museum-Reserve, Pompeii, Wilanów Palace, Schönbrunn Palace, Kazan Kremlin, Tower of London, Alhambra, Chichén Itzá, Topkapı Palace, Chapultepec Castle, Ciudad de las Artes y las Ciencias, Statue of Unity, Moscow Kremlin, Battle of Stalingrad, Tulum, Auschwitz-Birkenau Memorial and Museum, Edinburgh Castle, Mosque–Cathedral of Córdoba, Royal Alcázar of Seville, Wawel Castle, Arc de Triomphe, Royal Palace of Madrid, Neuschwanstein, Machu Picchu, Castillo San Felipe del Morro | null | null |
Munsee language | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munsee_language | Currently, the Munsee language has eight native speakers{{Inconsistent|date=August 2021 |reason="different from the lede which says there are only two speakers"}} whose personal dialects vary from each other. Extensive details about how the language differs between all eight speakers have been cataloged in a paper by Ives Goddard titled "The Personal Dialects of Moraviantown Delaware" which was published in Anthropological Linguistics volume 52. | Currently, the Munsee language has eight native speakers whose personal dialects vary from each other. Extensive details about how the language differs between all eight speakers have been cataloged in a paper by Ives Goddard titled "The Personal Dialects of Moraviantown Delaware" which was published in Anthropological Linguistics volume 52. | Inconsistent|date=August 2021 |reason="different from the lede which says there are only two speakers" | August 2021 | "different from the lede which says there are only two speakers" | Valid | The article states that the Munsee language is spoken only by two people. It later states that the Munsee language is spoken by eight people. | Munsee language | As of 2018, Munsee was spoken only on the Moraviantown Reserve in Ontario, Canada, by two elderly individuals, aged 77 and 90, making it critically endangered. The language that the individuals speak differs between speakers, each having a personal dialect. There has been interest in learning the language by younger individuals. | As of 2018, Munsee was spoken only on the Moraviantown Reserve in Ontario, Canada, by two elderly individuals, aged 77 and 90, making it critically endangered. The language that the individuals speak differs between speakers, each having a personal dialect. There has been interest in learning the language by younger individuals. | Munsee language | Currently, the Munsee language has eight native speakers whose personal dialects vary from each other. Extensive details about how the language differs between all eight speakers have been cataloged in a paper by Ives Goddard titled "The Personal Dialects of Moraviantown Delaware" which was published in Anthropological Linguistics volume 52. | Currently, the Munsee language has eight native speakers whose personal dialects vary from each other. Extensive details about how the language differs between all eight speakers have been cataloged in a paper by Ives Goddard titled "The Personal Dialects of Moraviantown Delaware" which was published in Anthropological Linguistics volume 52. | null | As of 2018, Munsee was spoken only on the Moraviantown Reserve in Ontario, Canada, by two elderly individuals, aged 77 and 90, making it critically endangered. | Currently, the Munsee language has eight native speakers whose personal dialects vary from each other. | (PhraseLevel) Entity - Language (Any named language) | Text - Text | Within the same article | Explicit | How many speakers are there of the Munsee Language? | Two | Eight | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | As of 2018, Munsee was spoken only on the Moraviantown Reserve in Ontario, Canada, by two elderly individuals | Currently, the Munsee language has eight native speakers | null | null |
Nemzeti Bajnokság I (men's handball) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nemzeti_Bajnokság_I_(men's_handball) | * 110{{Inconsistent|date=February 2017}} seasons: Ferencváros | * 110 seasons: Ferencváros | Inconsistent|date=February 2017 | February 2017 | null | Valid | It is stated in the article that the league started in 1950, but later on it is implied that there have been as many as 110 seasons, meaning the league has been around for at least 110 years. | Nemzeti Bajnokság I (men's handball) | Running since 1951, the Hungarian championship is among the strongests (sic) in Europe. | Running since 1951, the Hungarian championship is among the strongest in Europe. | Nemzeti Bajnokság I (men's handball) | Below the list of Hungarian League clubs who have participated in the first division: 110 seasons: Ferencváros, 41 seasons: SC Pick Szeged, 19 seasons: Vörös Meteor, 17 seasons: Csepel SC | Below the list of Hungarian League clubs who have participated in the first division: 110 seasons: Ferencváros, 41 seasons: SC Pick Szeged, 19 seasons: Vörös Meteor, 17 seasons: Csepel SC | null | The Hungarian Handball League has been running since 1951 | implies that is has been running for at least 110 years. | (PhraseLevel) Entity - Event (Named hurricanes, battles, wars, sports events, etc.) | Text - Infobox/table | Within the same article | Implicit (reasoning required) | How long ago did the Hungarian Handball League start? | 73 years ago | At least 110 years ago | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | Running since 1951, the Hungarian championship is among the strongests (sic) in Europe. | 110 seasons: Ferencváros | null | null |
Nymphaea nouchali var. caerulea | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nymphaea_nouchali_var._caerulea | The underwater rhizomes are edible. Like other species in the genus, the plant contains the psychoactive alkaloid aporphine{{Inconsistent|date=September 2021}} (not to be confused with apomorphine, a metabolic product of aporphine). | The underwater rhizomes are edible. Like other species in the genus, the plant contains the psychoactive alkaloid aporphine (not to be confused with apomorphine, a metabolic product of aporphine). | Inconsistent|date=September 2021 | September 2021 | null | Valid | The flagged statement suggests that the plant contains the psychoactive alkaloid aporphine, yet later on in the article, it's stated that apomorphine is the main psychoactive compound present. | Nymphaea nouchali var. caerulea | The underwater rhizomes are edible. Like other species in the genus, the plant contains the psychoactive alkaloid aporphine (not to be confused with apomorphine, a metabolic product of aporphine). | The underwater rhizomes of nymphaea nouchali var. caerulea are edible. Like other species in the genus, nymphaea nouchali var. caerulea contains the psychoactive alkaloid aporphine (not to be confused with apomorphine, a metabolic product of aporphine). | Nymphaea nouchali var. caerulea | Apomorphine is said to be main psychoactive compound present. Other compounds include nuciferine. | Apomorphine is said to be main psychoactive compound present in nymphaea nouchali var. caerulea. Other compounds include nuciferine. | null | Nymphaea nouchali var. caerulea contains the psychoactive alkaloid aporphine which is distinct from apomorphine. | Apomorphine is said to be main psychoactive compound present in nymphaea nouchali var. caerulea. | (PhraseLevel) Entity - Other | Text - Text | Within the same article | Explicit | What is the main psychoactive compound found in Nymphaea nouchali var. caerulea? | aporphine | apomorphine | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | contains the psychoactive alkaloid aporphine | Apomorphine is said to be main psychoactive compound present | null | null |
HMS Royal George (1756) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMS_Royal_George_(1756) | Because of problems encountered during the War of the Austrian Succession (1740–48), the Admiralty attempted to modernise British ship designs with the 1745 Establishment. On 29 August 1746, the Admiralty ordered construction of a 100-gun first rate of the new design, to be named Royal Anne. She was laid down at Woolwich Dockyard in 1746{{inconsistent|infobox says Jan 1747}} but was unfinished when the war ended in 1748, causing construction to slow. The ship was renamed Royal George while under construction. She was not completed until 1756, during the Diplomatic Revolution, a few months before the outbreak of the Seven Years' War (1756–63). The ship was commissioned in October 1755, before she was ready to launch, with her first commander being Captain Richard Dorrill. She was launched on 18 February 1756. The largest warship in the world at the time, she displaced more than 2,000 tons and was the "eighteenth-century equivalent of a weapon of mass destruction". | Because of problems encountered during the War of the Austrian Succession (1740–48), the Admiralty attempted to modernise British ship designs with the 1745 Establishment. On 29 August 1746, the Admiralty ordered construction of a 100-gun first rate of the new design, to be named Royal Anne. She was laid down at Woolwich Dockyard in 1746 but was unfinished when the war ended in 1748, causing construction to slow. The ship was renamed Royal George while under construction. She was not completed until 1756, during the Diplomatic Revolution, a few months before the outbreak of the Seven Years' War (1756–63). The ship was commissioned in October 1755, before she was ready to launch, with her first commander being Captain Richard Dorrill. She was launched on 18 February 1756. The largest warship in the world at the time, she displaced more than 2,000 tons and was the "eighteenth-century equivalent of a weapon of mass destruction". | inconsistent|infobox says Jan 1747 | null | null | Valid | null | HMS Royal George (1756) | She was laid down at Woolwich Dockyard in 1746 but was unfinished when the war ended in 1748, causing construction to slow. | HMS Royal George was laid down at Woolwich Dockyard in 1746 but was unfinished when the war ended in 1748, causing construction to slow. | HMS Royal George (1756) | Laid down 8 January 1747 | HMS Royal George was laid down on the 8th of January 1747. | Different | She was laid down at Woolwich Dockyard in 1746 | Laid down 8 January 1747 | (PhraseLevel) Entity - Date/time | Text - Infobox/table | Within the same article | Explicit | When the HMS Royal George was laid down? | 1746 | 8 January 1747 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | in 1746 | 8 January 1747 | null | null |
Russian Constituent Assembly | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_Constituent_Assembly | ==Election results (12/25 November 1917)=={{self-contradictory|reason=Vote percentage of SRs listed in table (40.4%) does not match the percentage given in the succeeding paragraph (57-58%) |date=September 2020}} | ==Election results (12/25 November 1917)== | self-contradictory|reason=Vote percentage of SRs listed in table (40.4%) does not match the percentage given in the succeeding paragraph (57-58%) |date=September 2020 | September 2020 | Vote percentage of SRs listed in table (40.4%) does not match the percentage given in the succeeding paragraph (57-58%) | Valid | null | Russian Constituent Assembly | Socialist Revolutionaries (SRs) 17,943,000 40.4% | During the election results for the Russian Constituent Assembly on the 12/25 November 1917 , the Socialist Revolutionaries (SRs) got 17,943,000 corresponding to 40.4%. | Russian Constituent Assembly | While losing the urban vote, the Socialist-Revolutionary Party received around 57–58% (62% with their social democratic allies), having won the massive support of the rural peasantry who constituted 80% of the Russian population. | During the election results for the Russian Constituent Assembly on the 12/25 November 1917, while losing the urban vote, the Socialist-Revolutionary Party received around 57–58% (62% with their social democratic allies), having won the massive support of the rural peasantry who constituted 80% of the Russian population. | Different | Socialist Revolutionaries (SRs) 17,943,000 40.4% | While losing the urban vote, the Socialist-Revolutionary Party received around 57–58% (62% with their social democratic allies), having won the massive support of the rural peasantry who constituted 80% of the Russian population. | (PhraseLevel) Entity - Number | Text - Infobox/table | Within the same article | Explicit | During the election results for the Russian Constituent Assembly on the 12/25 November 1917 , what percentage of votes the Socialist Revolutionaries (SRs) got? | 40.4% | around 57-58 % | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | 40.4% | 57–58% | null | null |
John Henry Seadlund | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Henry_Seadlund | Prosecutors said that Seadlund simply got greedy and had wanted to keep all of the ransom money for himself. Jurors deliberated for 90 minutes before recommending a death sentence. Seadlund was executed in the electric chair at the Cook County Jail in Chicago, Illinois. Seadlund asked Severin E. Koop, a Minnesota undertaker, to attend his execution, saying he was sorry for what he'd done. Koop took Seadlund's body back to Minnesota, burying him next to his father, Paul Seadlund,{{Inconsistent|date=May 2022|reason=Earlier, the article says the father's first name was Peter.}} at the Woodlawn Cemetery, two miles south of Ironton. | Prosecutors said that Seadlund simply got greedy and had wanted to keep all of the ransom money for himself. Jurors deliberated for 90 minutes before recommending a death sentence. Seadlund was executed in the electric chair at the Cook County Jail in Chicago, Illinois. Seadlund asked Severin E. Koop, a Minnesota undertaker, to attend his execution, saying he was sorry for what he'd done. Koop took Seadlund's body back to Minnesota, burying him next to his father, Paul Seadlund, at the Woodlawn Cemetery, two miles south of Ironton. | Inconsistent|date=May 2022|reason=Earlier, the article says the father's first name was Peter. | May 2022 | Earlier, the article says the father's first name was Peter. | Valid | null | John Henry Seadlund | Prosecutors said that Seadlund simply got greedy and had wanted to keep all of the ransom money for himself. Jurors deliberated for 90 minutes before recommending a death sentence. Seadlund was executed in the electric chair at the Cook County Jail in Chicago, Illinois. Seadlund asked Severin E. Koop, a Minnesota undertaker, to attend his execution, saying he was sorry for what he'd done. Koop took Seadlund's body back to Minnesota, burying him next to his father, Paul Seadlund, at the Woodlawn Cemetery, two miles south of Ironton. | Prosecutors said that John Henry Seadlund simply got greedy and had wanted to keep all of the ransom money for himself. Jurors deliberated for 90 minutes before recommending a death sentence. Seadlund was executed in the electric chair at the Cook County Jail in Chicago, Illinois. Seadlund asked Severin E. Koop, a Minnesota undertaker, to attend his execution, saying he was sorry for what he'd done. Koop took Seadlund's body back to Minnesota, burying him next to his father, Paul Seadlund, at the Woodlawn Cemetery, two miles south of Ironton. | John Henry Seadlund | Seadlund's father, Peter Seadlund, died on March 23, 1933, at age of 51. | John Henry Seadlund's father, Peter Seadlund, died on March 23, 1933, at age of 51. | Different | Koop took Seadlund's body back to Minnesota, burying him next to his father, Paul Seadlund, at the Woodlawn Cemetery, two miles south of Ironton. | Seadlund's father, Peter Seadlund, died on March 23, 1933, at age of 51. | (PhraseLevel) Entity - Person | Text - Text | Within the same article | Explicit | What is the name of John Henry Seadlund's father? | Paul Seadlund | Peter Seadlund | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | Paul Seadlund | Peter Seadlund | null | null |
Sinking of the RMS Lusitania | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinking_of_the_RMS_Lusitania | The Cunard liner was attacked by commanded by Kapitänleutnant Walther Schwieger. After the single torpedo struck, a second explosion occurred inside the ship, which then sank in only 18 minutes. The U-20's mission was to torpedo warships and liners in the Lusitania’s area. 761 people survived out of the 1,266 passengers and 696 crew aboard,{{Inconsistent|date=March 2023|reason=Numbers differ from those elswhere in this article, and the main article for the ship.}} and 128 of the casualties were American citizens. The sinking turned public opinion in many countries against Germany. It also contributed to the American entry into the War two years later; images of the stricken liner were used heavily in US propaganda and military recruiting campaigns. | The Cunard liner was attacked by commanded by Kapitänleutnant Walther Schwieger. After the single torpedo struck, a second explosion occurred inside the ship, which then sank in only 18 minutes. The U-20's mission was to torpedo warships and liners in the Lusitania’s area. 761 people survived out of the 1,266 passengers and 696 crew aboard, and 128 of the casualties were American citizens. The sinking turned public opinion in many countries against Germany. It also contributed to the American entry into the War two years later; images of the stricken liner were used heavily in US propaganda and military recruiting campaigns. | Inconsistent|date=March 2023|reason=Numbers differ from those elswhere in this article, and the main article for the ship. | March 2023 | Numbers differ from those elswhere in this article, and the main article for the ship. | Valid | null | Sinking of the RMS Lusitania | The Cunard liner was attacked by U-20 commanded by Kapitänleutnant Walther Schwieger. After the single torpedo struck, a second explosion occurred inside the ship, which then sank in only 18 minutes. The U-20's mission was to torpedo warships and liners in the Lusitania’s area. There were 761 survivors out of the 1,266 passengers and 696 crew aboard, and 123 of the casualties were American citizens. | The RMS Lusitania Cunard liner was attacked by U-20 commanded by Kapitänleutnant Walther Schwieger. After the single torpedo struck, a second explosion occurred inside the ship, which then sank in only 18 minutes. The U-20's mission was to torpedo warships and liners in the Lusitania’s area. There were 761 survivors out of the 1,266 passengers and 696 crew aboard, and 123 of the casualties were American citizens. | Sinking of the RMS Lusitania | Outcome 1,195 of the 1,959 people aboard killed | 1,195 of the 1,959 people aboard the RMS Lusitania were killed during the attack. | Different | There were 761 survivors out of the 1,266 passengers and 696 crew aboard, and 123 of the casualties were American citizens. | Outcome 1,195 of the 1,959 people aboard killed | (PhraseLevel) Entity - Number | Text - Infobox/table | Within the same article | Implicit (reasoning required) | How many survivors there were after the Sinking of the RMS Lusitania? | 761 | 764 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | 761 survivors out of the 1,266 passengers and 696 crew aboard | 1,195 of the 1,959 people aboard killed | null | null |
14th Street bridges | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/14th_Street_bridges | * The northbound span was originally named the 14th Street Bridge when it opened in 1950, renamed the Rochambeau Bridge eight years later, and renamed the Arland D. Williams Jr. Memorial Bridge in 1983{{Inconsistent|date=June 2023}} for a passenger of Air Florida Flight 90 who died saving others from the freezing water. | * The northbound span was originally named the 14th Street Bridge when it opened in 1950, renamed the Rochambeau Bridge eight years later, and renamed the Arland D. Williams Jr. Memorial Bridge in 1983 for a passenger of Air Florida Flight 90 who died saving others from the freezing water. | Inconsistent|date=June 2023 | June 2023 | null | Valid | null | 14th Street bridges | The northbound span was originally named the 14th Street Bridge when it opened in 1950, renamed the Rochambeau Bridge eight years later, and renamed the Arland D. Williams Jr. Memorial Bridge in 1983 for a passenger of Air Florida Flight 90 who died saving others from the freezing water. | The northbound span of 14th Street bridges was originally named the 14th Street Bridge when it opened in 1950, renamed the Rochambeau Bridge eight years later, and renamed the Arland D. Williams Jr. Memorial Bridge in 1983 for a passenger of Air Florida Flight 90 who died saving others from the freezing water. | 14th Street bridges | On January 13, 1982, the Williams Bridge was damaged by the crash of Air Florida Flight 90. The Boeing 737-222, which had accumulated ice while idling on the runway at National Airport, stalled soon after takeoff, fell on the bridge, and slammed into the iced-over Potomac River. The crash killed 74 passengers and crew, plus four people in cars on the bridge. The repaired span was renamed the Arland D. Williams, Jr. Memorial Bridge on March 13, 1985 – following a December 4, 1984 vote – after one of the passengers, who passed a lifeline to five survivors before permitting himself to be rescued. He succumbed to hypothermia and drowned while rescuers worked to rescue the last of the survivors. The name Rochambeau Bridge was then shifted to the Center Highway Bridge. | null | null | The northbound span of 14th Street bridges was renamed the Arland D. Williams Jr. Memorial Bridge in 1983. | The northbound span of 14th Street bridges was renamed the Arland D. Williams Jr. Memorial Bridge on March 13, 1985. | (PhraseLevel) Entity - Date/time | Text - Text | Within the same article | Explicit | When was the northbound span of the 14th Street Bridge renamed the Arland D. Williams Jr. Memorial Bridge? | 1983 | March 13, 1985 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | 1983 | March 13, 1985 | null | null |
Wikipedia contradict benchmark
Wikipedia contradict benchmark is a dataset consisting of 253 high-quality, human-annotated instances designed to assess LLM performance when augmented with retrieved passages containing real-world knowledge conflicts. The dataset was created intentionally with that task in mind, focusing on a benchmark consisting of high-quality, human-annotated instances.
Note that, in the dataset viewer, there are 130 valid-tag instances, but each instance can contain more that one question and its respective two answers. Then, the total number of questions and answers is 253.
Dataset Details
Dataset Description
Wikipedia contradict benchmark is a QA-based benchmark consisting of 253 human-annotated instances that cover different types of real-world knowledge conflicts.
Each instance consists of a question, a pair of contradictory passages extracted from Wikipedia, and two distinct answers, each derived from on the passages. The pair is annotated by a human annotator who identify where the conflicted information is and what type of conflict is observed. The annotator then produces a set of questions related to the passages with different answers reflecting the conflicting source of knowledge.
- Curated by: Yufang Hou, Alessandra Pascale, Javier Carnerero-Cano, Tigran Tchrakian, Radu Marinescu, Elizabeth Daly, Inkit Padhi, and Prasanna Sattigeri. All authors are employed by IBM Research.
- Shared by: Yufang Hou, Alessandra Pascale, Javier Carnerero-Cano, Tigran Tchrakian, Radu Marinescu, Elizabeth Daly, Inkit Padhi, and Prasanna Sattigeri.
- Language(s) (NLP): English.
- License: MIT.
Dataset Sources
Uses
Direct Use
The dataset has been used in the paper to assess LLMs performance when augmented with retrieved passages containing real-world knowledge conflicts.
The following figure illustrates the evaluation process:
And the following table shows the performance of five LLMs (Mistral-7b-inst, Mixtral-8x7b-inst, Llama-2-70b-chat, Llama-3-70b-inst, and GPT-4) on the Wikipedia Contradict Benchmark based on rigorous human evaluations on a subset of answers for 55 instances, which corresponds to 1,375 LLM responses in total.
Notes: “C”, “PC” and “IC” stand for “Correct”, “Partially correct”, “Incorrect”, respectively. “all”, “exp”, and “imp” represent for instance types: all instances, instances with explicit conflicts, and instances with implicit conflicts. The numbers represent the ratio of responses from each LLM that were assessed as “Correct, “Partially correct, or “Incorrect for each instance type under a prompt template. The bold numbers highlight the best models that correctly answer questions for each type and prompt template.
Out-of-Scope Use
N/A.
Dataset Structure
Wikipedia contradict benchmark is given in CSV format to store the corresponding information, so researchers can easily use our data. There are 253 instances in total. Note that, in the dataset viewer, there are 130 valid-tag instances, but each instance can contain more that one question and its respective two answers. Then, the total number of questions and answers is 253.
The description of each field (when the instance contains two questions) is as follows:
- title: Title of article.
- url: URL of article.
- paragraph_A: Paragraph automatically retrieved (containing the tag).
- paragraph_A_clean: Paragraph automatically retrieved (removing the tag).
- tag: Type of tag of the article (Inconsistent/Self-contradictory/Contradict-other).
- tagDate: Date of the tag.
- tagReason: Reason for the tag.
- wikitag_label_valid: Valid or invalid tag (Valid/Invalid).
- valid_comment: Comment on the tag.
- paragraphA_article: Title of article containing passage 1.
- paragraphA_information: Relevant information of passage 1.
- paragraphA_information_standalone: Decontextualized relevant information of passage 1.
- paragraphB_article: Relevant information of passage 2.
- paragraphB_information: Relevant information of passage 2.
- paragraphB_information_standalone: Decontextualized relevant information of passage 2.
- wikitag_label_samepassage: Boolean value stating whether passage 1 and passage 2 are the same (Same/Different).
- relevantInfo_comment_A: Comment on the information of passage 1.
- relevantInfo_comment_B: Comment on the information of passage 2.
- Contradict type I: Contradiction type I focuses on the fine-grained semantics of the contradiction, e.g., date/time, location, language, etc.
- Contradict type II: Contradiction type II focuses on the modality the contradiction. It describes the modality of passage 1 and passage 2, whether the information is from a piece of text, or from a row an infobox or a table.
- Contradict type III: Contradiction type III focuses on the source the contradiction. It describes whether passage 1 and passage 2 are from the same article or not.
- Contradict type IV: Contradiction type IV focuses on the reasoning aspect. It describes whether the contraction is explicit or implicit (Explicit/Implicit). Implicit contradiction requires some reasoning to understand why passage 1 and passage 2 are contradicted.
- question1: Question 1 inferred from the contradiction.
- question1_answer1: Gold answer to question 1 according to passage 1.
- question1_answer2: Gold answer to question 1 according to passage 2.
- question2: Question 2 inferred from the contradiction.
- question2_answer1: Gold answer to question 2 according to passage 1.
- question2_answer2: Gold answer to question 2 according to passage 2.
Usage of the Dataset
We provide the following starter code. Please refer to the GitHub repository for more information about the functions load_testingdata
and generateAnswers_bam_models
.
from genai import Client, Credentials
import datetime
import pytz
import logging
import json
import copy
from dotenv import load_dotenv
from genai.text.generation import CreateExecutionOptions
from genai.schema import (
DecodingMethod,
LengthPenalty,
ModerationParameters,
ModerationStigma,
TextGenerationParameters,
TextGenerationReturnOptions,
)
try:
from tqdm.auto import tqdm
except ImportError:
print("Please install tqdm to run this example.")
raise
load_dotenv()
client = Client(credentials=Credentials.from_env())
logging.getLogger("bampy").setLevel(logging.DEBUG)
fh = logging.FileHandler('bampy.log')
fh.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)
logging.getLogger("bampy").addHandler(fh)
parameters = TextGenerationParameters(
max_new_tokens=250,
min_new_tokens=1,
decoding_method=DecodingMethod.GREEDY,
return_options=TextGenerationReturnOptions(
# if ordered is False, you can use return_options to retrieve the corresponding prompt
input_text=True,
),
)
# load dataset
testingUnits = load_testingdata()
# test LLMs models
generateAnswers_bam_models(testingUnits)
Dataset Creation
Curation Rationale
Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) has emerged as a promising solution to mitigate the limitations of large language models (LLMs), such as hallucinations and outdated information. However, it remains unclear how LLMs handle knowledge conflicts arising from different augmented retrieved passages, especially when these passages originate from the same source and have equal trustworthiness. In this regard, the motivation of Wikipedia Contradict Benchmark is to comprehensively evaluate LLM-generated answers to questions that have varying answers based on contradictory passages from Wikipedia, a dataset widely regarded as a high-quality pre-training resource for most LLMs.
Source Data
Data Collection and Processing
The data was mostly observable as raw text. The raw data was retrieved from Wikipedia articles containing inconsistent, self-contradictory, and contradict-other tags. The first two tags denote contradictory statements within the same article, whereas the third tag highlights instances where the content of one article contradicts that of another article. In total, we collected around 1,200 articles that contain these tags through the Wikipedia maintenance category “Wikipedia articles with content issues”. Given a content inconsistency tag provided by Wikipedia editors, the annotators verified whether the tag is valid by checking the relevant article content, the editor’s comment, as well as the information in the edit history and the article’s talk page if necessary.
Who are the source data producers?
Wikipedia contributors.
Annotations
Annotation process
The annotation interface was developed using Label Studio.
The annotators were required to slightly modify the original passages to make them stand-alone (decontextualization). Normally, this requires resolving the coreference anaphors or the bridging anaphors in the first sentence (see annotation guidelines). In Wikipedia, oftentimes the antecedents for these anaphors are the article titles themselves.
For further information, see the annotation guidelines of the paper.
Who are the annotators?
Yufang Hou, Alessandra Pascale, Javier Carnerero-Cano, Tigran Tchrakian, Radu Marinescu, Elizabeth Daly, Inkit Padhi
Personal and Sensitive Information
N/A.
Bias, Risks, and Limitations
Each annotation instance contains at least one question and two possible answers, but some instances may contain more than one question (and the corresponding two possible answers for each question). Some instances may not contain a value for paragraphA_clean, tagDate, and tagReason.
Recommendations
Our data is downloaded from Wikipedia. As such, the data is biased towards the original content and sources. Given that human data annotation involves some degree of subjectivity we created a comprehensive 17-page annotation guidelines document to clarify important cases during the annotation process. The annotators were explicitly instructed not to take their personal feeling about the particular topic. Nevertheless, some degree of intrinsic subjectivity might have impacted the techniques picked up by the annotators during the annotation.
Since our dataset requires manual annotation, annotation noise is inevitably introduced.
Citation
If this dataset is utilized in your research, kindly cite the following paper:
BibTeX:
@article{hou2024wikicontradict,
title={{WikiContradict: A Benchmark for Evaluating LLMs on Real-World Knowledge Conflicts from Wikipedia}},
author={Hou, Yufang and Pascale, Alessandra and Carnerero-Cano, Javier and Tchrakian, Tigran and Marinescu, Radu and Daly, Elizabeth and Padhi, Inkit and Sattigeri, Prasanna},
journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2406.13805},
year={2024}
}
APA:
Hou, Y., Pascale, A., Carnerero-Cano, J., Tchrakian, T., Marinescu, R., Daly, E., Padhi, I., & Sattigeri, P. (2024). WikiContradict: A Benchmark for Evaluating LLMs on Real-World Knowledge Conflicts from Wikipedia. arXiv preprint arXiv:2406.13805.
Dataset Card Authors
Yufang Hou, Alessandra Pascale, Javier Carnerero-Cano, Tigran Tchrakian, Radu Marinescu, Elizabeth Daly, Inkit Padhi, and Prasanna Sattigeri.
Dataset Card Contact
Yufang Hou (yhou@ie.ibm.com), Alessandra Pascale (apascale@ie.ibm.com), Javier Carnerero-Cano (javier.cano@ibm.com), Tigran Tchrakian (tigran@ie.ibm.com), Radu Marinescu (radu.marinescu@ie.ibm.com), Elizabeth Daly (elizabeth.daly@ie.ibm.com), Inkit Padhi (inkpad@ibm.com), and Prasanna Sattigeri (psattig@us.ibm.com).
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