In this task, you're given a passage that represents a legal contract or clause between multiple parties, followed by a question that needs to be answered. Based on the paragraph, you must write unambiguous answers to the questions and your answer must refer a specific phrase from the paragraph. If multiple answers seem to exist, write the answer that is the most plausible.
Example: Exhibit 10.16 SUPPLY CONTRACT Contract No: Date: The buyer/End-User: Shenzhen LOHAS Supply Chain Management Co., Ltd. ADD: Tel No. : Fax No. : The seller: ADD: The Contract is concluded and signed by the Buyer and Seller on , in Hong Kong. 1. General provisions 1.1 This is a framework agreement, the terms and conditions are applied to all purchase orders which signed by this agreement (hereinafter referred to as the  order ). 1.2 If the provisions of the agreement are inconsistent with the order, the order shall prevail. Not stated in order content will be subject to the provisions of agreement. Any modification, supplementary, give up should been written records, only to be valid by buyers and sellers authorized representative signature and confirmation, otherwise will be deemed invalid. 2. The agreement and order 2.1 During the validity term of this agreement, The buyer entrust SHENZHEN YICHANGTAI IMPORT AND EXPORT TRADE CO., LTD or SHENZHEN LEHEYUAN TRADING CO, LTD (hereinafter referred to as the  entrusted party  or  YICHANGTAI  or  LEHEYUAN ), to purchase the products specified in this agreement from the seller in the form of orders. 2.2 The seller shall be confirmed within three working days after receipt of order. If the seller finds order is not acceptable or need to modify, should note entrusted party in two working days after receipt of the order, If the seller did not confirm orders in time or notice not accept orders or modifications, the seller is deemed to have been accepted the order. The orders become effective once the seller accepts, any party shall not unilaterally cancel the order before the two sides agreed . 2.3 If the seller puts forward amendments or not accept orders, the seller shall be in the form of a written notice to entrusted party, entrusted party accept the modified by written consent, the modified orders to be taken effect. 2.4 Seller\'s note, only the buyer entrust the entrusted party issued orders, the product delivery and payment has the force of law.

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Source: LOHA CO. LTD., F-1, 12/9/2019





3. GOODS AND COUNTRY OF ORIGIN: 4. Specific order: The products quantity, unit price, specifications, delivery time and transportation, specific content shall be subject to the purchase order issued by entrusted party which is commissioned the buyer. 5. PACKING: To be packed in new strong wooden case(s) /carton(s), suitable for long distance transportation and for the change of climate, well protected against rough handling, moisture, rain, corrosion, shocks, rust, and freezing. The seller shall be liable for any damage and loss of the commodity, expenses incurred on account of improper packing, and any damage attributable to inadequate or improper protective measures taken by the seller in regard to the packing. One full set of technical All wooden material of shipping package must be treated as the requirements of Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau of China, by the agent whom is certified by the government where the goods is exported. And the goods must be marked with the IPPC stamps, which are certified by the government agent of Botanical-Inspection and Quarantine Bureau. 6. SHIPPING MARK: The Sellers shall mark on each package with fadeless paint the package number, gross weight, net weight, measurements and the wordings:  KEEP AWAY FROM MOISTURE , HANDLE WITH CARE   THIS SIDE UP  etc. and the shipping mark on each package with fadeless paint. 7. DATE OF SHIPMENT: According to specific order by YICHANGTAI or LEHEYUAN. 8. PORT OF SHIPMENT:

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Source: LOHA CO. LTD., F-1, 12/9/2019





9. PORT OF DESTINATION: SHENZHEN, GUANGDONG, CHINA 10. INSURANCE: To be covered by the Seller for 110% invoice value against All Risks and War Risk. 11. PAYMENT: Under Letter of Credit or T/T: Under the Letter of Credit: The Buyer shall open an irrevocable letter of credit with the bank within 30 days after signing the contract, in favor of the Seller, for 100% value of the total contract value. The letter of credit should state that partial shipments are allowed. The Buyer\'s agent agrees to pay for the goods in accordance with the actual amount of the goods shipped. 80% of the system value being shipped will be paid against the documents stipulated in Clause 12.1. The remaining 20% of the system value being shipped will be paid against the documents stipulated in Clause 12.2. The Letter of Credit shall be valid until 90 days after the latest shipment is effected. Under the T/T The trustee of the buyer remitted the goods to the seller by telegraphic transfer in batches as agreed upon after signing each order. 12. DOCUMENTS: 12.1 (1) Invoice in 5 originals indicating contract number and Shipping Mark (in case of more than one shipping mark, the invoice shall be issued separately). (2) One certificate of origin of the goods. (3) Four original copies of the packing list. (4) Certificate of Quality and Quantity in 1 original issued by the agriculture products base. (5) One copy of insurance coverage (6) Copy of cable/letter to the transportation department of Buyer advising of particulars as to shipment immediately after shipment is made.

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Source: LOHA CO. LTD., F-1, 12/9/2019





12.2 (1) Invoice in 3 originals indicating contract number and L/C number. (2) Final acceptance certificate signed by the Buyer and the Seller. 13. SHIPMENT: CIP The seller shall contract on usual terms at his own expenses for the carriage of the goods to the agreed point at the named place of destination and bear all risks and expenses until the goods have been delivered to the port of destination. The Sellers shall ship the goods within the shipment time from the port of shipment to the port of destination. Transshipment is allowed. Partial Shipment is allowed. In case the goods are to be dispatched by parcel post/sea-freight, the Sellers shall, 3 days before the time of delivery, inform the Buyers by cable/letter of the estimated date of delivery, Contract No., commodity, invoiced value, etc. The sellers shall, immediately after dispatch of the goods, advise the Buyers by cable/letter of the Contract No., commodity, invoiced value and date of dispatch for the Buyers. 14. SHIPPING ADVICE: The seller shall within 72 hours after the shipment of the goods, advise the shipping department of buyer by fax or E-mail of Contract No., goods name, quantity, value, number of packages, gross weight, measurements and the estimated arrival time of the goods at the destination. 15. GUARANTEE OF QUALITY: The Sellers guarantee that the commodity hereof is complies in all respects with the quality and specification stipulated in this Contract. 16. CLAIMS: Within 7 days after the arrival of the goods at destination, should the quality, specification, or quantity be found not in conformity with the stipulations of the Contract except those claims for which the insurance company or the owners of the vessel are liable, the Buyers, on the strength of the Inspection Certificate issued by the China Commodity Inspection Bureau, have the right to claim for replacement with new goods, or for compensation, and all the expenses (such as inspection charges, freight for returning the goods and for sending the replacement, insurance premium, storage and loading and unloading charges etc.) shall be borne by the Sellers. The Certificate so issued shall be accepted as the base of a claim. The Sellers, in accordance with the Buyers\' claim, shall be responsible for the immediate elimination of the defect(s), complete or partial replacement of the commodity or shall devaluate the commodity according to the state of defect(s). Where necessary, the Buyers shall be at liberty to eliminate the defect(s) themselves at the Sellers\' expenses. If the Sellers fail to answer the Buyers within one weeks after receipt of the aforesaid claim, the claim shall be reckoned as having been accepted by the Sellers.

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Source: LOHA CO. LTD., F-1, 12/9/2019





17. FORCE MAJEURE: The Sellers shall not be held responsible for the delay in shipment or non-delivery, of the goods due to Force Majeure, which might occur during the process of manufacturing or in the course of loading or transit. The Sellers shall advise the Buyers immediately of the occurrence mentioned above and within fourteen days thereafter, the Sellers shall send by airmail to the Buyers a certificate of the accident issued by the competent government authorities, Chamber of Commerce or registered notary public of the place where the accident occurs as evidence thereof. Under such circumstances the Sellers, however, are still under the obligation to take all necessary measures to hasten the delivery of the goods. In case the accident lasts for more than 10 weeks, the Buyers shall have the right to cancel the Contract. 18. LATE DELIVERY AND PENALTY: Should the Sellers fail to make delivery on time as stipulated in the Contract, with exception of Force Majeure causes specified in Clause 17 of this Contract, the Buyers shall agree to postpone the delivery on condition that the Sellers agree to pay a penalty which shall be deducted by the paying bank from the payment. The penalty, however, shall not exceed 5% of the total value of the goods involved in the late delivery. The rate of penalty is charged at 0.5% for every seven days, odd days less than seven days should be counted as seven days. In case the Sellers fail to make delivery ten weeks later than the time of shipment stipulated in the Contract, the Buyers have the right to cancel the contract and the Sellers, in spite of the cancellation, shall still pay the aforesaid penalty to the Buyers without delay, the seller should refund the money received and pay the 30% of the total goods price of the penalty 19. ARBITRATION: All disputes in connection with this Contract or the execution thereof shall be settled friendly through negotiations. In case no settlement can be reached, the case may then be submitted for arbitration to the Foreign Economic and Trade Arbitration Committee of the China Beijing Council for the Promotion of International Trade in accordance with its Provisional Rules of Procedures by the said Arbitration Committee. The Arbitration shall take place in Beijing and the decision of the Arbitration Committee shall be final and binding upon both parties; neither party shall seek recourse to a law court nor other authorities to appeal for revision of the decision. Arbitration fee shall be borne by the losing party. 20. This final price is the confidential information. Dissemination, distribution or duplication of this price is strictly prohibited.

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Source: LOHA CO. LTD., F-1, 12/9/2019





21. Law application It will be governed by the law of the People\'s Republic of China ,otherwise it is governed by United Nations Convention on Contract for the International Sale of Goods. 22. <<Incoterms 2000>> The terms in the contract are based on (INCOTERMS 2000) of the International Chamber of Commerce. 23. The Contract is valid for 5 years, beginning from and ended on . This Contract is made out in three originals in both Chinese and English, each language being legally of the equal effect. Conflicts between these two languages arising there from, if any, shall be subject to Chinese version. One copy for the Sellers, two copies for the Buyers. The Contract becomes effective after signed by both parties. THE BUYER: THE SELLER: SIGNATURE: SIGNATURE: 6

Source: LOHA CO. LTD., F-1, 12/9/2019 
Question: Highlight the parts (if any) of this contract related to  Document Name  that should be reviewed by a lawyer. Details: The name of the contract
Example solution: SUPPLY CONTRACT
Example explanation: This question is based on the following sentence in the passage "Exhibit 10.16 SUPPLY CONTRACT Contract No: Date: The buyer/End-User: Shenzhen LOHAS Supply Chain Management Co., Ltd. ADD: Tel No. : Fax No. : The seller: ADD: The Contract is concluded and signed by the Buyer and Seller on , in Hong Kong.". This line explicitly contains the name of the contract at the start.

Problem: 1                                                                    EXHIBIT 10.3

                SOFTWARE LICENSE AND MAINTENANCE AGREEMENT

      This Software license and maintenance agreement (Agreement) is entered into effective as of August 4, 1997 (the Effective Date) by and between D2 Technologies, Inc., a California corporation with offices at 104 West Anapamu Street, Santa Barbara, CA 93101 (D2), and Summa Four Inc., a Delaware corporation with offices at 25 Sundial Avenue, Manchester, New Hampshire 03103-7251 (LICENSEE).

      WHEREAS, D2 has previously developed certain software and designs capable of performing certain voice processing functions;

      WHEREAS, LICENSEE is developing a product which requires certain software functions and designs capable of performing certain voice processing functions;

      WHEREAS, D2 desires to license to LICENSEE certain of its software technology for use in connection with Licensee's products:

      WHEREAS, D2 is further willing to provide certain maintenance and support services to LICENSEE in relation to such software technology;

      NOW THEREFORE, in consideration of the mutual promises and covenants contained herein, the parties agree as follows:

1.       DEFINITIONS

      1.1      Licensed Technology shall mean software licensed to LICENSEE by D2 as listed in Exhibit A.

      1.2      DSP shall mean digital signal processing.

      1.3      Runtime License Fee shall have the meaning set forth in Article 2.2(iii).

      1.4      Specifications shall mean D2's specifications of the Licensed Technology which are attached hereto as Exhibit A.

      1.5      Update shall mean a new release of a software product which typically includes bug fixes and/or minor feature changes, but does not include substantial new functionality.

Software License                                           D2 Technologies, Inc. and Maintenance Agreement       August 4, 1997                      CONFIDENTIAL

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      1.6      New Version in this Agreement shall mean a new release of Licensed Technology that provides significant performance enhancements, including new releases of software product optimized for different members of the same DSP processor family which is based on the same core architecture and instruction set.

      1.7      Defect shall mean any failure of Licensed Technology to meet the Specification as a result of a material failure (including an error or bug that is material) of the Licensed Technology. Material is defined as priority A, B, and C in Article 6.3.

      1.8      Source Code shall mean all computer programming instructions relating to a software product in a form readable by humans and typically prepared by a programmer. Source Code includes associated procedural code, comments, utilities, tools, notes, data diagrams and related and supporting technical documentation.

      1.9      Object Code shall mean software code resulting from the translation or processing of Source Code by a computer into machine language or intermediate code, which thus is in a form that would not be convenient to human understanding of the program logic, but which is appropriate for execution or interpretation by a computer.

      1.10     Licensed Source Code shall mean Source Code for Licensed Technology.

      1.11     Licensee Product shall mean the product being developed by LICENSEE as described in Exhibit B, which utilizes Licensed Technology. LICENSEE shall own all rights, title and interest in Licensee Product. D2 shall have no rights to Licensee Product.

      1.12     End User shall mean a person or business entity that purchases, leases or otherwise properly obtains the right to use or distribute a Licensee Product directly from LICENSEE or through one or more intermediaries.

2.       LICENSED TECHNOLOGY

      2.1      Ownership. Subject to the rights granted to LICENSEE in this Agreement, D2 owns all right, title and interest in and to the Licensed Technology. Notwithstanding the foregoing, LICENSEE shall retain all right, title and interest in and to modifications to the Licensed Source Code made by LICENSEE pursuant to the license in Article 2.2 below, subject always to D2's ownership rights in the underlying Licensed Technology.

Software License                                           D2 Technologies, Inc. and Maintenance Agreement       August 4, 1997                      CONFIDENTIAL

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      2.2      License to LICENSEE.

                        (i)      Subject to the terms and conditions of this  Agreement, D2 hereby grants LICENSEE a perpetual non-exclusive, worldwide license, to use Licensed Technology in Object Code format only as an incorporated part of the Licensee Product. For this purpose, LICENSEE may also modify, create derivative works, of and reproduce and have reproduced the Licensed Technology, and to develop, use, market and distribute (directly or through third parties) Licensed Technology, or modifications or derivative works of the Licensed Technology created by or for LICENSEE.

                        (ii)     In consideration for the right to modify, develop and completely own derivative works of the Licensed Technology set forth in Article 2.2 (i) above, LICENSEE shall pay D2 a license fee (the Development License Fee) as set forth in Exhibit C. Final acceptance testing shall be completed by the parties according to Article 4 of this Agreement.

                        (iii)    LICENSEE shall pay D2 a license fee  (Runtime License Fee) as set forth in Exhibit C for each copy of the Licensed Technology that LICENSEE distributes to end users directly or through third parties for such end-user's use in connection with Licensee's Product. The Runtime License Fee shall be paid by LICENSEE quarterly for Licensee Products which have been paid for by Licensee's end-user customer in the prior quarter. To the extent Licensee accepts returns or is required to provide refunds to its customers (and to the extent additional Licensee Products are delivered to customers for warranty or maintenance/support purposes), such circumstances will either entitle Licensee to obtain a credit against future Runtime License Fees owed or, in the case of warranty/maintenance or support deliveries, no Runtime License Fees shall be due at all.

                        (iv)     LICENSEE is also granted a limited  non-transferable non-exclusive license to Licensed Source Code to perform software maintenance functions according the terms set forth in Article 7 of this Agreement.

                        (v)      D2 shall provide LICENSEE with master copies of the Licensed Technology, in Source Code and Object Code format, promptly after such software has been completed, tested and approved for release by D2 and Licensee. In any event, D2 shall deliver all Licensed Technology completely tested and approved for performance in accordance with the specifications.

      2.3      End User License. LICENSEE shall ensure that all Licensed Technology distributed by LICENSEE shall be subject to a shrink-wrap agreement or other end user agreement which contains a provision substantially similar to the provision set forth in Exhibit D.

Software License                                           D2 Technologies, Inc. and Maintenance Agreement       August 4, 1997                      CONFIDENTIAL

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3.       ADDITIONAL TECHNOLOGY LICENSE

      3.1      New Functions. In the event that LICENSEE requires any additional functionality or technology substantially different from those set forth in Exhibit A or otherwise made available by D2 to other Licensees, D2 shall license such additional functionality or technology to LICENSEE at D2's then best price to its other Licensees. Such additional technology licenses shall be subject to the same terms of this agreement except for an amendment to the product specification and price schedule of Exhibits A and C. Any other new licensing terms shall be negotiated in advance and included in said amendment.

      3.2      Different Processors.

               (A)      Supported Processors: If D2 offers or plans to offer all or part of Licensed Technology on a processor (Supported Processor) different from the Texas Instruments (TI) TMS320C54x family of processors, D2 shall make available to LICENSEE such new versions of Licensed Technology under the same terms of this Agreement subject to the license fees as follows:

                        (i)      The development license fees for any part or all of Licensed Technology for each Supported Processor shall be 50% of that for the TMS320C54x processor family as listed in Exhibit C.

                        (ii)     The per-processor runtime license fees for any Supported Processor shall be the same as that specified in Exhibit C for the TI TMS320C54x.

                        (iii)    The runtime license fee CAP in exhibit C shall be cumulative across the TI TMS320C54x, TMS32OC55x, TMS330C6x, and other TI processors based on the same core processor architecture. For processors other than the TI processors listed in this Article 3.2A(iii) (additional supported processors), the runtime license fee CAP and buy-out license fee in Exhibit C shall be increased by 25% for each additional supported processor. The CAP for Licensed Technology shall be cumulative across all Supported Processors (including additional supported processors) utilized by LICENSEE. If the cumulative inflation index (according to government published Consumer Price Index) exceeds 25% from the effective date of this Agreement to the time when D2 makes available Licensed Technology for an additional supported processor, D2 and LICENSEE agree to negotiate in good faith reasonable incremental runtime license fees for Licensed Technology used in such additional supported processor.

Software License                                           D2 Technologies, Inc. and Maintenance Agreement       August 4, 1997                      CONFIDENTIAL

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               (B) Unsupported Processors. If LICENSEE requires versions of Licensed Technology on a processor other than the Supported Processors, D2 agrees to negotiate in good faith with LICENSEE an agreement to develop such a version of Licensed Technology. Such an agreement shall include appropriate development license fees and runtime license fees as well as special engineering





service fees.

4.       ACCEPTANCE

      Upon delivery of the Licensed Technology to Licensee, D2 will have tested and verified that such Licensed Technology shall perform in accordance with an acceptance specification agreed to by D2 and LICENSEE. The acceptance specification shall be completed no later than 90 days after the effective date of this Agreement and shall be attached to this agreement as Exhibit F. Upon successful completion of the acceptance testing, LICENSEE shall make the final Development License Fee payment described in Exhibit C LICENSEE shall, within thirty (30) days after delivery of any Licensed Technology, either accept such Licensed Technology or reject such Licensed Technology because of nonconformance with the Specifications. LICENSEE shall provide D2 with written notification of any rejection of Licensed Technology which explains the basis for such rejection. If completion of testing is precluded or delayed due to performance deficiencies, incompatibilities or other Defects in the Licensed Technology, D2 shall immediately and without any additional payment, correct such Defects.. All corrected versions of the Licensed Technology shall be subject to the acceptance procedures set forth above in this Article 4.

5.       REPORTS, AUDITS

      5.1      Reports. Within thirty days after the end of each calendar quarter during the term of this Agreement, LICENSEE shall provide D2 with written reports setting forth the number of LICENSEE Products containing the Licensed Technology that were licensed to end users by LICENSEE in such calendar quarter as more particularly described in Article 2.2 (iii) above.

      5.2      Audits. LICENSEE shall maintain records of its distribution of Licensee Products containing the Licensed Technology, for a period of one year after the date on which LICENSEE distributes the Products to which such records pertain. D2 may audit such records by engaging an independent public audit firm, approved in advance by Licensee, upon thirty days written notice, provided that (i) no more than one such audit may be made in any twelve month period, (ii) D2 may only audit LICENSEE's records for a particular time period once, and (iii) D2 shall be responsible for ensuring that the auditor executes and abides by LICENSEE's confidentiality agreement.

Software License                                           D2 Technologies, Inc. and Maintenance Agreement       August 4, 1997                      CONFIDENTIAL

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6.       MAINTENANCE AND SUPPORT

      6.1      Maintenance and Support Obligation, Fees. On the date of expiry of the Warranty period defined in Article 8.3, and on any anniversary of the expiry date, LICENSEE may in its sole discretion pay D2 a Maintenance and Support Fee according to Exhibit C. In return for payment of such fee, D2 shall provide LICENSEE with the maintenance and support set forth in this Article 6 for a period of twelve months (the Contract Year). In any event, D2 shall provide support and maintenance services to Licensee during the Warranty period in breadth and scope which is no less than the support and maintenance services described in this Article. D2 shall make available to LICENSEE the maintenance and support services according to the terms of this Article 6 for a minimum of five years after Acceptance of Licensed Technology.

      6.2      Maintenance. Maintenance to be provided by D2 to LICENSEE shall include without limitation the following services;

                        (i)      D2 shall update and maintain the Licensed Technology throughout the term of this Agreement. It is intended that D2 shall release at least 1 Update or New Version release during each 12 month calendar year. Upon the releases of any Update or New Version of the Licensed Technology (including manuals), D2 shall promptly notify and deliver to LICENSEE such Update or New Version.

                        (ii)     D2 will initially deliver to LICENSEE one  (1) copy of any Updates or New Versions to the Licensed Technology and one (1) set of corresponding manuals for each copy of the Licensed Technology for which LICENSEE has paid the appropriate development license fees and maintenance fees pursuant to Exhibit C as soon as such Updates or New Versions and corresponding manuals become available and shall maintain such Updates or New Versions throughout this agreement.

      6.3      Error Correction. If D2 becomes aware of any Defect in the Licensed Technology, D2 shall promptly provide LICENSEE with written notice of such Defect. D2 shall have no obligation to actively monitor the Licensed Technology for Defects after such software has been accepted by LICENSEE. D2 shall work diligently to promptly correct Defects in accordance with the following schedule; days shall mean calendar days.

      ERROR PRIORITY (1)         RESPONSE (2)      CLOSURE (3)

      Emergency (A)              24 hours          7 days

      Critical (B)               2 days            14 days

Software License                                           D2 Technologies, Inc. and Maintenance Agreement       August 4, 1997                      CONFIDENTIAL

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      Non-Critical (C)           30 days           Next Update                                                       or                                                       New Version

               (1)      Priority:

                        -A-      Catastrophic product or module Defects that do not have a viable detour or work around available.





                        -B-      Defects  that have been  substantiated  as a serious inconvenience to LICENSEE or an End User. This includes any priority A Defect for which a viable detour or work around is available.

                        -C-      All other problems that LICENSEE and an End User can easily avoid for which there is no urgency for a resolution.

               (2)      Response: Response consists of providing, as appropriate, one of the following to the LICENSEE: an existing correction; A new correction; a viable detour or work around; a request for more information to complete analysis of the problem, or a plan on how the problem will be corrected.

               (3)      Closure: Closure consists of providing a final  correction or work around of the problem including an Update and revised or new Documentation as necessary.

      If D2 fails to correct Defects according to the schedule specified in this Article 6, LICENSEE shall deduct from future runtime license fees, as specified in Exhibit C, a late fee for each day past the deadline in the schedule of this section. The late fee shall equal to 50% (fifty percent) of the runtime license fees paid to D2 for the previous two calendar quarters equally divided over 180 (one hundred eighty) days. In the event LICENSEE has selected the Buy-out option in the runtime license fee schedule of Exhibit C, then the late fee for each day past the deadline shall be 50% (fifty percent) of the Buy-out fee equally divided over 1095 (one thousand and ninety five) days; and this late fee shall be paid to LICENSEE each calendar month until the error is corrected either by D2 or LICENSEE.

      6.4      Support. D2 will provide the following support to LICENSEE throughout the Warranty period and for those subsequent years for which support has been purchased by Licensee:

                        (i)      D2 will assist LICENSEE in determining if problems encountered by LICENSEE are caused by programming errors in the Licensed Technology.

Software License                                           D2 Technologies, Inc. and Maintenance Agreement       August 4, 1997                      CONFIDENTIAL    8

                        (ii)     D2 will answer questions concerning the installation of Licensed Technology.

                        (iii)    D2 will assist LICENSEE in resolving LICENSEE's problems, if any, arising from the normal usage of the Licensed Technology.

                        (iv)     D2 shall appoint a qualified technical staff as the Technical Contact to co-ordinate all support and maintenance services. The Technical Contact shall be available to LICENSEE during D2's normal business hours; in the event that appointed Technical Contact is not available, a back-up Technical Contact shall be temporarily assigned and LICENSEE shall be notified.

      6.5      Notification and Cooperation by LICENSEE. To obtain support from D2 under this Article 6, LICENSEE shall provide D2 with written notice which will contain a description of the problem for which LICENSEE is seeking support. D2 shall have no obligation to correct problems which are due to modifications to Licensed Technology performed by LICENSEE; provided, that if D2 agrees to correct such problems it shall charge its then current time and materials rates, which shall be payable by LICENSEE within thirty days after invoicing by D2. LICENSEE agrees to provide D2 with access to LICENSEE's equipment and computer systems on a temporary basis and as needed to allow D2 to reproduce, correct and verify the correction of the problem reported by LICENSEE or otherwise identified by D2.

7.       LIMITED SOURCE CODE LICENSE AND PROTECTION

      7.1      Source Code delivery. D2 shall, after acceptance of Licensed Technology by LICENSEE and within fifteen days after receiving such a request from LICENSEE deliver a copy of the fully commented Source Code for the then current version of the Licensed Technology and information needed for compiling and building the Licensed Technology Object Code to LICENSEE. Thereafter, D2 shall automatically deliver a copy of the fully commented Licensed Source Code for the then current version of the Licensed Technology within fifteen days after the release of any Updates or New Versions of the Licensed Technology.

      7.2      Source Code Access Conditions. The following events shall constitute Source Code Access Conditions: (i) D2's insolvency, general assignment for the benefit of creditors, or ceasing to do business, or (ii) D2's failure or inability to meet its warranty, maintenance and support obligations under Article 6, or its warranty obligations under Article 8.3, within fifteen days after written notice by LICENSEE to D2 of D2's failure to meet such obligations, or (iii) termination of this Agreement by LICENSEE pursuant to Articles 9.3 and 9.4, or (iv) as needed by LICENSEE for fault isolation.

Software License                                           D2 Technologies, Inc. and Maintenance Agreement       August 4, 1997                      CONFIDENTIAL    9

      7.3      Use of Licensed Source Code. After Source Code Access Conditions is met, LICENSEE shall have the right to use, modify, reproduce and have reproduced Object Code from Licensed Source Code to develop, use, market, distribute, and to maintain and support the Licensed Technology in the Licensee Product. LICENSEE shall not have any right to develop new DSP technology or derivative DSP technology with the Licensed Source Code.

      7.4      Confidentiality and security.

               (A)      General. LICENSEE acknowledges and agrees that the Licensed Source Code constitutes the confidential and proprietary trade secrets of D2, and that LICENSEE's protection thereof is essential to this Agreement and





a condition of LICENSEE's use and possession of the Licensed Source Code. LICENSEE shall retain in strict confidence any and all elements of the Licensed Source Code and use the Licensed Source Code only as expressly licensed herein. LICENSEE agrees that it will under no circumstances distribute or in any way disseminate or disclose the Licensed Source Code to third parties, except as expressly provided in this Article 7. LICENSEE shall be relieved of this obligation of confidentiality to the extent that such information was in the public domain at the time it was disclosed or has become in the public domain through no fault of LICENSEE.

               (B)      Security. LICENSEE agrees to use the Licensed Source Code under carefully controlled conditions for the purposes set forth in this Agreement, and to inform all employees who are given access to the Licensed Source Code by LICENSEE that such materials are confidential trade secrets of D2 and are licensed to LICENSEE as such. LICENSEE shall restrict access to the Licensed Source Code to those employees and Contractors of LICENSEE who have agreed to be bound by a confidentiality obligation which incorporates the protections and restrictions substantially as set forth herein, and who have a need to know in order to carry out the purposes of this Agreement. D2 shall be made a third party beneficiary of any such agreements, and shall have the right to directly enforce the terms of those agreements, and of this Agreement, insofar as such enforcement relates to the Licensed Source Code.

               (C)      LICENSEE agrees to notify D2 promptly in the event of any breach of its security under conditions in which it would appear that the Licensed Source Code were prejudiced or exposed to loss. LICENSEE shall, upon request of D2, take all other reasonable steps necessary to recover any compromised trade secrets disclosed to or placed in the possession of LICENSEE by virtue of this Agreement. The cost of taking such steps shall be borne solely by LICENSEE.

Software License                                           D2 Technologies, Inc. and Maintenance Agreement       August 4, 1997                      CONFIDENTIAL

10

               (D)      Remedies. LICENSEE acknowledges that any breach of any of its obligations under this Article 7 is likely to cause or threaten irreparable harm to D2, and accordingly, LICENSEE agrees that in such event, D2 shall be entitled to equitable relief to protect its interest therein, including but not limited to preliminary and permanent injunctive relief, as well as money damages.

               (E)      Hardware.

                        (i)      Two (2) computers, as identified in Exhibit E, may be used as the Development Computer and Back-up Computer. The Back-up Computer may be used as the Development Computer during any time when the Development Computer is inoperative because it is malfunctioning or undergoing repair, maintenance or other modification.

                        (ii)     LICENSEE may at any time notify D2 in writing of any changes, such as replacements or additions, that LICENSEE wishes to make to Development and Back-up Computers for specific Licensed Source Code. D2 will prepare an amended Exhibit E as required to cover such changes, and such changes shall become effective after execution of the amended Exhibit E by LICENSEE.

                        (iii)    Upon request, LICENSEE shall furnish to D2 a statement, certified by an authorized representative of LICENSEE, listing the location, type and serial number of all Development and Back-up Computers hereunder and stating that the use by LICENSEE of the Licensed Source Code subject to this Agreement has been reviewed and that the Licensed Source Code is being used solely on the Development Computer (or temporarily on Back-up Computer) for such Licensed Source Code in full compliance with the provisions of this Agreement.

               (F)      Third Party Contractors. LICENSEE may appoint a third party contractor (Contractor) to assist the LICENSEE in LICENSEE's modification of the Licensed Source Code as authorized hereunder; provided that any such Contractor's access to and use of the Licensed Source Code shall only be permitted pursuant to a signed written agreement between LICENSEE and such Contractor giving the Contractor rights no broader than those granted LICENSEE in this Agreement, but limited to the sole purpose of assisting the LICENSEE, and including provisions incorporating the additional requirements set forth below:

                        (i)      Any claim, demand or right of action arising on behalf of a Contractor from furnishing to it or use by it of Licensed Source Code shall be solely against LICENSEE, and LICENSEE hereby indemnifies D2 against any such claims.

                        (ii)     Contractor shall agree to the same responsibilities and obligations and other restrictions pertaining to the use of Licensed Source Code as those undertaken by LICENSEE under this Agreement.

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                        (iii)    Contractor may not retain any copy of the Licensed Source Code or any modification or derivative work thereof and, upon completion of the project for which Contractor was permitted access to the Licensed Source Code or termination of this Agreement, shall return or destroy (i) all copies of Licensed Source Code furnished to such Contractor or made by such Contractor and (ii) all copies of any modifications or derivative works made by such Contractor based on such Licensed Source Code copies stored in any computer memory or storage medium, and Contractor's computer shall be removed from Exhibit E if such computer was listed as a Development Computer. A writing executed by an officer of Contractor shall be provided to D2 certifying that the Contractor has returned or destroyed all copies of the Licensed Source Code in its possession or control.





                        (iv)     Unless Contractor obtains a license for the Licensed Source Code from D2, Contractor may not acquire any ownership interest in any modification or derivative work prepared by such Contractor based upon or using Licensed Source Code licensed to LICENSEE under this Agreement.

                        (v)      Copies of such agreements shall be provided to D2 on request; provided however, that portions of such agreements not required by this Article 7 may be deleted from such copies.

8.       REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES

      8.1      By Both Parties. D2 warrants that it owns all rights, title, and interests to Licensed Technology listed as Basic Services in Exhibit A. LICENSEE and D2 each individually warrants that it (i) has all right, power and authority necessary to enter into this Agreement and to grant the rights granted herein; (ii) has obtained all approvals and authorizations that it is required to obtain in connection with this Agreement; and (iii) has not entered, and will not enter, into any arrangements or agreements inconsistent with this Agreement.

      8.2      Additional D2 Warranties. D2 additionally warrants that it (i) is not aware of any pending or actual litigation which is likely to have a material adverse effect on the rights or obligations of LICENSEE under this Agreement; and (ii) is not aware of any claim or any basis for any claim that Licensed Technology, or LICENSEE's use of the Licensed Technology as contemplated herein, will infringe any patents, trade secrets of other intellectual property rights belonging to any third party.

      8.3      Software Warranty. D2 warrants to LICENSEE that the media upon which the Licensed Technology is delivered to LICENSEE will be free from Defects in materials and workmanship, and that Licensed Technology shall meet and perform in accordance with D2's specifications on Exhibit A. D2 shall promptly correct any

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errors in the Licensed Technology, or failures of the Licensed Technology according to the terms of Article 6 of this Agreement. D2's warranty and error correction obligations with respect to any portion of the Licensed Technology shall extend for a period (the Warranty period) of one year commencing on acceptance of such portion of the Licensed Technology by LICENSEE.

      8.4      Disclaimer of Other Warranties. THE REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES EXPRESSLY SET FORTH IN THIS ARTICLE 8 ARE IN LIEU OF ALL OTHER WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, EITHER IN FACT OR BY OPERATION OF LAW, STATUTORY OR OTHERWISE. D2 SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE IN CONNECTION WITH THE LICENSED TECHNOLOGY.

9.       TERM AND TERMINATION.

      9.1      Term. This Agreement shall become effective on the Effective Date and shall continue in effect until terminated in accordance with the provisions of this Article 9.

      9.2      For Convenience. LICENSEE may terminate this Agreement upon ninety (90) days written notice.

      9.3      Default. If either party defaults in the performance of any of its material obligations hereunder and if such default is not corrected within thirty (30) days after written notice thereof by the other party, then the nondefaulting party, at its option, may, in addition to any other remedies it may have, terminate this Agreement by giving written notice of termination to the defaulting party.

      9.4      Survival. Articles 7.2, 7.3,7.4, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 shall survive any termination or expiration of this Agreement.

10.      INDEMNIFICATION

      10.1     By D2. D2 agrees to indemnify and hold LICENSEE harmless against any cost, loss, liability, or expense (including attorney's fees) arising out of any breach of D2's warranties hereunder, or out of third party claims against LICENSEE alleging that the Licensed Technology, or LICENSEE's use or distribution of the Licensed Technology as set forth in this Agreement, infringes any third party's patent, trade secret, copyright of other intellectual property right in any country, provided that LICENSEE shall (i) notify D2 promptly in writing of such claims, and (ii) give D2 sole control of the defense or settlement of such claims. D2 shall not be liable for any claims to the extent that such claims arise out of the LICENSEE's unauthorized modifications of the Licensed Technology, and not out of the Licensed Technology as delivered by D2 to LICENSEE. If the Licensed Technology, or any part thereof, is

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adjudicatively determined to be, or in either party's reasonable opinion will be, the subject of any claim, suit or proceeding for infringement of any third party's patent, copyright or trade secret in any country, or if the distribution of use of the Licensed Technology is enjoined, then D2 may, at D2's sole option and expense, (i) obtain for LICENSEE and its distributors, resellers and customers the right to distribute or use the Licensed Technology under such third party patents, trade secrets, copyrights or other intellectual property rights, or (ii) replace the Licensed Technology with other software of equivalent or superior functionality, or (iii) suitably modify the Licensed Technology to avoid such infringement. In the event that D2 is unable to carry out the options set forth in (i), (ii) and (iii) of the proceeding sentence, at the option of Licensee D2 may terminate this Agreement and refund all amounts paid by LICENSEE to D2 hereunder; provided, that such termination shall have no effect on the rights of end users to use LICENSEE products, incorporating any





Licensed Technology, which were acquired by such end users prior to such termination.

11.      LIMITATION OF LIABILITY

      IN NO EVENT SHALL EITHER PARTY BE LIABLE TO THE OTHER PARTY FOR LOST PROFITS OR ANY CONSEQUENTIAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, OR INDIRECT DAMAGES OR SUCH OTHER PARTY, HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, ARISING OUT OF THIS AGREEMENT. THESE LIMITATIONS SHALL APPLY NOTWITHSTANDING ANY FAILURE OF ESSENTIAL PURPOSE OF ANY LIMITED REMEDY. IN NO EVENT SHALL D2'S LIABILITY HEREUNDER EXCEED THE TOTAL AMOUNT PAID OR OWED BY LICENSEE TO D2 UNDER THIS AGREEMENT.

12.      CONFIDENTIALITY.

      12.1     Confidential Information. As used in this Agreement, the term Confidential Information shall mean any information disclosed by one party to another pursuant to this Agreement which is marked as confidential or proprietary, or, if disclosed orally, is designated as confidential at the time of disclosure and is subsequently reduced to a writing which is marked as confidential or proprietary and is provided to the receiving party within thirty (30) days after such oral disclosure.

      12.2     Confidentiality. Each party shall treat as confidential all Confidential Information of the other party, shall not use such Confidential Information except as set forth herein, and shall use reasonable efforts not to disclose such Confidential Information disclosed to it by the other party under this Agreement. Each party shall promptly notify the other party of any actual or suspected misuse or unauthorized disclosure of such other party's Confidential Information.

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      12.3     Exception. Not withstanding the above, neither party shall have liability to the other party with regard to any Confidential Information of such other party which the receiving party can demonstrate:

                        (i)      was in the public domain at the time it was disclosed or has entered the public domain through no fault of the receiving party;

                        (ii)     was known to the receiving party, at the time of disclosure, as demonstrated by files in existence at the time of disclosure;

                        (iii)    was disclosed with the prior written approval of the disclosing party;

                        (iv)     was, is presently or may be in the future  independently developed by the receiving party without any use of the Confidential Information of any other party, as demonstrated by files created at the time of such independent development;

                        (v)      became known to the receiving party, without restriction, from a source other than the disclosing party without breach of this Agreement by the receiving party and otherwise not in violation of the disclosing party's rights;

                        (vi)     has been disclosed to third parties by the disclosing party without restrictions similar to those contained in this Agreement; or

                        (vii)    is disclosed pursuant to the order or requirement of a court, administrative agency, or other governmental body; provided, however, that the receiving party shall provide prompt written notice thereof to the disclosing party to enable the disclosing party to seek a protective order or otherwise prevent or restrict such disclosure.

      12.4     Return of Confidential Information. Upon expiration or termination of this Agreement each party shall upon request promptly return all tangible Confidential Information received from the other party.

      12.5     Survival of Confidentiality Obligations. This Article 12 will survive the termination of this Agreement, for any item of Confidential Information, for five (5) years after the disclosure of such Confidential Information to the receiving party under this Agreement.

13.      CONFIDENTIALITY OF AGREEMENT.

      D2 and LICENSEE agree that the terms and conditions of this Agreement shall be treated as confidential and shall not be disclosed to any third party without the

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prior written consent of the other party.  Notwithstanding the statements above in this Article 13, any party may disclose any of the terms and conditions of this Agreement;

                        (i)      as required by any court of other  governmental body;

                        (ii)     as otherwise required by law (including  without limitation with regard to any registration statement filed by a party with the Securities and Exchange Commission);

                        (iii)    to legal counsel of the parties;





                        (iv)     in confidence, to accountants, banks, and financing sources, and other advisors or consultants of the parties;

                        (v)      in connection with the enforcement of this Agreement or rights under this Agreement;

                        (vi)     in confidence, in connection with an actual or proposed license, merger, acquisition, or similar transaction;

                        (vii)    which have been previously disclosed in a joint press release by the parties hereto, or

                        (viii)   in confidence, to a third party to the extent reasonable necessary to permit the consideration of a bona fide collaboration which would involve rights, obligations or limitations arising under this Agreement, provided that such collaboration is not prohibited under this Agreement.

      In the event of any disclosure pursuant to (i) or (ii) above, the disclosing party shall use all reasonable efforts to obtain confidential treatment of materials so disclosed. The parties shall in good faith consult regarding the text of any proposed public announcement regarding this Agreement or the terms and conditions hereof before such announcement is actually made. Any press release to be issued in connection with the terms and conditions of this Agreement must be approved in advance by both parties.

14.      EXPORT RESTRICTIONS

      LICENSEE's distribution of products incorporating Licensed Technology shall be subject to all United States laws and regulations governing the license and delivery of technology and products abroad by persons subject to the jurisdiction of the United States. LICENSEE shall not export any such products without first

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obtaining all required licenses and approvals from the appropriate government agencies.

15.      GENERAL

      15.1     Governing Law. This Agreement shall be governed by and interpreted in accordance within the laws of the State of New York without reference to conflicts of laws provisions.

      15.2     Venue. The parties agree that any litigation arising out of this Agreement shall be brought in the state courts in Delaware.

      15.3     Partial Invalidity. If any provision in this Agreement shall be found or be held to be invalid or unenforceable in any jurisdiction in which this Agreement is being performed, then the meaning of said provision shall be construed, to the extent feasible, so as to render the provision enforceable, and if no feasible interpretation would save such provision, it shall be severed, solely in such jurisdiction, from the remainder of this Agreement, which shall remain in full force and effect. In such event, the parties shall negotiate, in good faith, a substitute, valid and enforceable provision, effective solely in such jurisdiction, which most nearly effects the parties' intent in entering into this Agreement.

      15.4     Relationship of the Parties. D2 and LICENSEE are independent contractors under this Agreement. Nothing contained in this Agreement is intended to, nor is it to be construed so as to, constitute D2 and LICENSEE as partners or joint ventures with respect to this Agreement. Employees of any party remain employees of said party and shall at not time be considered agents of or to be obligated to render a fiduciary duty to the other party.

      15.5     Modification. No alteration, amendment, waiver, cancellation or any other change in any term or condition of this Agreement shall be valid or binding on any party unless the same shall have been mutually assented to in writing by both parties.

      15.6     Waiver. The failure of any party of enforce at any time any of the provisions of this Agreement, or the failure to require at any time performance by the other parties of any of the provisions of this Agreement, shall in no way be construed to be a present or future waiver of such provision, nor in any way affect the right of any party to enforce each and every such provision thereafter. The express waiver by any party of any provision, condition or requirement of this agreement shall not constitute a waiver of any future obligation to comply with such provision, condition or requirement.

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      15.7     Assignment. This Agreement shall be binding upon and shall inure to the benefit of the parties hereto and their respective successors and assigns. No party may assign any of its rights, obligations or privileges (except by operation of law or other corporate reorganization) hereunder without the prior written consent of the other party, which shall not be unreasonable withheld, provided, that any party shall have the right to assign its rights, obligations and privileges hereunder to a successor in business or an acquirer of all or substantially all of its business or assets to which this Agreement pertains without obtaining the consent of the other party.

      15.8     Notices. Any notice required or permitted to be given by any party under this Agreement shall be in writing, shall be addressed to the President of D2, or to the President of LICENSEE, and shall be personally delivered or set by certified or registered letter, or by telecopy confirmed by registered or certified letter, to the receiving party at its address first set forth above, or such new address as may from time to time be supplied hereunder by the receiving party. Notices will be deemed effective upon receipt.





      15.9     Force Majeure. Notwithstanding anything else in this Agreement, no default, delay or failure to perform on the part of any party shall be considered a breach of this Agreement if such default, delay or failure to perform is shown to be due to causes beyond the reasonable control of the party charged with a default, including, but not limited, causes such as strikes, lockouts or other labor disputes, riots, civil disturbances, actions or inactions of governmental authorities or suppliers, epidemics, war, embargoes, were weather, fire, earthquakes, acts god, acts of the public enemy or nuclear disasters; provided, that for the duration of such force majeure the party charged with such default must continue to use all reasonable efforts to overcome such force majeure.

      15.10    Entire Agreement. The terms and conditions contained in this Agreement constitute the entire agreement between the parties and supersede all previous agreements and understandings, whether oral or written, between the parties hereto with respect to the subject matter hereof.

      IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this agreement to be signed by duly authorized officers or representatives as of the date first above written.

LICENSEE                                   D2 TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

- ---------------------------------            -----------------------------------

BY: /s/ Dick Swee                            BY: /s/ David Y. Wong     -----------------------------                -------------------------------

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PRINT NAME: Dick Swee                      PRINT NAME: David Y. Wong             ---------------------                      -----------------------

TITLE: VP Engineering                      TITLE: President        --------------------------                 ------------------------------

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                                 EXHIBIT A

                     LICENSED TECHNOLOGY SPECIFICATION

Basic Services:

The Basics Services algorithm group shall include the following list of standard D2 products with LICENSEE required modifications as specified in the attached Specification and the Contract for Products and Services, dated August 6, 1997:

      DTMF Detection and Removal Algorithm                  5007-54A          Universal Tone Detection Algorithm                    50030-54A          Multifrequency Tone Detection Algorithm               50028-54A          Tone Generation Algorithm                             50015-54A          Voice Activity Detection and AGC                      50013-54A

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                           Exhibit A continued.

Detailed Signal Processing Algorithm Specification

A.1      HDLC Communications

Not included as Licensed Technology.

A.2      Voice Activity Detection

Voice Activity Detection (VAD) detects voice activity, adapts to background ambient or line noise as well as the presence of echo, classifies voice activity as early versus sustained, and assigns an effort level to the speaker that is independent of network loss.





This module is used to detect voice activity in the CP Detect state.

A.2.1    Functional requirements:

The Voice Activity Detector discriminates voice activity generated by a caller from background noise (acoustic and line noise) as well as echo and sidetones reflected back to the receive voice path. It also provides an effort level quantity that indicates the level of effort of the caller. The functional and performance requirements are specified to cover a wide range of applications, such as voice activated recordings (as in voice messaging), outbound call classification, digital speech interpolation (DSI), and voice conferencing.

1.       The Voice Activity Detector classifies every block of voice data (8 ms          long) as port active (early detect), speaker active (port          sustained), and not active.

2.       It provides a measurement that approximates the level of effort exerted          by the caller. Such an approximation is made by normalizing the short          term RMS of the voice signal by a longer term RMS value. The effort          level varies between -32 dB and 31 dB, and is at 0 dB when the speaker          is speaking at his/her normal level.

3.       The Voice Activity Detector adapts to background noise up to -24 dBm.          Adaptation is 200 ms when the noise level drops, and is approximately          1000 ms when noise rises.

4.       The Voice Activity Detector screens out sidetone or echo as speech up          to an ERL of -26 dB.

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A.2.2    Performance Requirements:

The accuracy of the voice Activity detector is measured by the rate of false detection (i.e. classifying noise or echo as voice activity) and clipping (i.e. classifying voice activity as noise or echo) under different ambient noise and echo conditions. Port active detection under different ambient noise conditions:

1.       No perceptible clipping at quiet to modest noise levels of -50 dBm to          -40 dBm with nominal levels of speech activity (-20 dBm average power          over 2 seconds of speech). No more than 5% of voice onsets is clipped          for noisy conditions (noise level from -40 dBm to -30 dBm).

2.       No more than 1% of silence periods is detected as speech for the          modest noise condition. No more than 2% of silence is detected as          port active for noisy conditions.

3.       The performance goals above is met when noise levels change during the          test.

Speaker active detection under different ambient noise conditions:

1.       Speech activity that lasts more than tSUSTAIN is detected as          Sustained or Speaker Active.

2.       The clipping requirements is better than Port Activity detection.          Fewer than 0.5% of onsets/hour (2.5 per hour) for modest noise          condition (-45 dBm) and fewer than 2% (10 per hour) for high noise          condition (-35 dBm) have perceptible clipping.

3.       False detection performance (i.e., detecting noise as speaker active)          exceeds those of port activity due to tSUSTAIN criteria. No more than          1% (36 seconds per hour) of noise segments is misclassified as          sustained for modest noise conditions, and no more than 2% (72          seconds per hour) of silence is detected as port active for noisy          conditions.

Port active and Speaker active detection in the presence of echo:

1.       Less than 1% of residual echo is detected as port active - (i.e. 36          sec. per hour) during normal operation of canceller.

2.       Less than 0.1 % (i.e. 3.6 sec per hour) of residual echo is detected as          speaker active or port sustained during normal operation of          canceller.

3.       Clipping of input speech in the presence of echo is no higher than          clipping in the presence of modest to high level of noise.

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A.3      DTMF Detection

A.3.1    Functional requirements:

Table A-1 specifies the nominal frequencies for the DTMF digits that must be detected.

      --------------------------------------------------------------                                     Nominal High Group Frequencies (Hz)                                     1209      1336       1477      1633          --------------------------------------------------------------            Nominal        697        1         2          3         A





       Low Group       770        4         5          6         B          Frequencies      852        7         8          9         C             (Hz)          941        *         0          #         D          --------------------------------------------------------------

                    Table A-1: Nominal DTMF Frequencies

1.       Detect the presence of all 16 DTMF digits that are produced by          different phones on the market under a broad range of network          conditions.

2.       DTMF digit information is provided as soon as the minimum duration is          met. This information is called leading edge detection. This allows the          earliest possible response to the digit, such as stopping voice output.

3.       The trailing edge of a DTMF digit must be detected. This allows the          system to delay any response (such as playing out voice) to the digit          until the user has released the DTMF key. The criteria selected for          trailing edge detection will debounce DTMF digits.

4.       The DSP reports leading and trailing edge in the 8 ms block that they          are detected.  DTMF events are not buffered.

A.3.2    Performance requirements:

Table A-2 consists of performance requirements taken from EIA-464A and Bellcore TR-TSY-000181. Also shown is D2's DTMF performance requirements, which is a superset of the EIA and Bellcore requirements.

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- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------                                                 Requirement - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Characteristic                Bellcore                      EIA/TIA-464A                                 D2 - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------                                                                                   Frequency Deviation           +/-1.5% must accept;          +/-1.5% must accept;          Configurable choice of                               +/-3.5% must reject           +/-3.5% must reject           four sets of must                                                                                           accept/must reject:                                                                                           +/-2.0% accept to +/-3.0%                                                                                           reject; +/-2.5% accept to                                                                                           +/-3.5% reject; +/-3.0%                                                                                           accept to +/-4.0% reject;                                                                                           +/-3.5% accept to +/-4.5%                                                                                           reject. - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Minimum Tone                  40 ms must accept; 23         40 ms must accept             Configurable from 24 Duration                      ms must reject                                              to 80 ms - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Minimum Interdigital          40 ms                         40 ms                         Configurable from 24 Interval                                                                                  to 80 ms - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Minimum Cycle Time            93 ms                         93 ms                         Configurable from 48                                                                                           to 160 ms - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Accept Levels                 0 to -36 dBm must             0 to -25 dBm must             0 dBm to configurable                               accept, -55 dBm must          accept                        minimum (-25 to -45                               reject                                                      dBm range) - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Twist (ratio of high          -8 to +4 dB                   -8 to +4 dB                   Separately group power to low)                                                                       configurable positive                                                                                           and negative twists:                                                                                           +/- 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 dB - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Bellcore talkoff tape         Fewer than 670 total          -                             Fewer than 20 talkoffs                               talkoffs; fewer than                                        (with default                               330 talkoffs of digits 0-                                   configuration of 2.5%                               9; fewer than 170                                           to 3.5% frequency                               talkoffs of signals *                                       deviation; 40 msec min                               and #.                                                      tone duration; +/- 8 dB                                                                                           twists; -45 dBm min                                                                                           accept level) - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Mitel talkoff tape            -                             -                             0 talkoffs (with default                                                                                           configuration) - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SNR                           23 dB                         15 dB                         15 dB - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Impulse Noise                 Fewer than 14 missed          Fewer than 10 errors          Pass both Bellcore and                               or split digits in            in 10,000 tones for EIA       EIA/TIA-464A                               Bellcore Impulse Noise        test #1; fewer than 500       impulse noise                               Tape No. 201                  errors in 10,000 tones        requirements                                                             for test #2 - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Echo                          16 dB Signal-to-Echo          10 dB Signal-to-Echo          Pass both Bellcore and                               ratio at 20 ms; 24 dB at      ratio at 20 ms                EIA/TIA-464A echo                               45 ms                                                       requirements - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Dial Tone                     DTMF Detection in the         DTMF Detection in the         Pass both Bellcore and                               presence of dial tone         presence of dial tone         EIA/TIA-464A                               at -15 dBm per dial           at -16 dBm per dial           requirements for                               tone frequency                tone frequency                detection of DTMF                                                                                           digits in the presence                                                                                           of dial tone - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

                 TABLE A-2: DTMF Performance Requirements

Other performance requirements:

1.       A leading edge of DTMF digit is signaled during the block in which the          minimum duration is met, and the trailing edge is signaled during the          block in which the minimum debounce interval is met.

2.       Talk-down: DTMF detection must work reliably in the presence of echo          (for the maximum allowable output voice level) and with varying levels          of DTMF signals (due to network loss). D2's DTMF detector combined with          the echo must meet the performance requirements of Figure A-I in the          presence echo generated by playing pause-removed voice (male and          female) at - 18 dBm ASL (averaged over 3 seconds) over a telephone          circuit with 15 dB echo return loss (ERL).

                               INSERT GRAPH

                Figure A-1: DTMF Talk-down Acceptance Curve

3.       Debounce test: Long tones (generated by hard key presses) must not be          detected as multiple tones in the presence of echo interference or line          noise. Combined with the echo canceller, the DTMF detector is required          to reliably debounce all DTMF digits above -18 dBm in the presence of          voice levels below -15 dBm (ASL) and a telephone circuit with echo          return loss (ERL) of 15 dB.

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4.       Double-talk talk-off: Many voice processing hardware or semiconductor          manufacturers significantly degrade the talk-off' performance of their          detector in the presence of voice echo or sidetone to achieve a high          level of talk-down performance. This strategy is acceptable in a pure          digit-in-voice-out scenario, but for voice conferencing or voice          recognition applications, voice could be present in the both the          transmit and receive path. In such cases, the DTMF detector must be          very robust against talk-off in double-talk situations. The talk-off          requirements for D2's DTMF detector under double-talk is fewer than 66          talkoffs for the Bellcore talk-off tape.

A.4      Tone Generation

The tone generation module can be programmed to generate any single, dual or amplitude modulated tone required to meet international telecommunications specifications. This functionality is provided by the GENF module, which produces the sum or product of two independently generated sine waves as its output. Each sine wave can be individually parameterized.

A.4.l    Functional requirements:

The GENF module is designed to generate a wide range of DTMF, Call Progress Signals, MF Rl/R2, and miscellaneous tones. In order to meet or exceed international telecommunication specifications, GENF must meet or exceed the following functional requirements.

1.       Independent arguments shall be supplied for each frequency for dual          tones that GENF generates. Single tones are generated by specifying          that one of the dual tone's frequencies is 0 Hz.

2.       Independent arguments shall be supplied for the carrier and modulation          frequencies for amplitude modulated tones that GENF generates.

3.       Arguments shall be supplied that allow the frequency of a tone to be          set in the range of 0 to 4000 Hz in 1 Hz units.

4.       Arguments shall be supplied that allow the output power to be set in          the range of +3 to -50 dBm in 0.5 dB steps.

5.       Arguments shall be supplied that allow an amplitude modulated tone's          modulation percentage to be set in the range of 0 to 300% in 1% units.

6.       The tone duration (make time) shall be specified in 1 ms units. Tone          durations shall be specified in the range of 0 to 8191 ms.

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7.       An unlimited tone duration shall be specified by setting the make          duration to -1.

8.       The silence duration between tones (break time) shall be specified in 1          ms units. Silence durations shall be specified in the range of 0 to          8191 ms.

9.       An unlimited silence duration shall be specified by setting the make          duration to -1 and setting both frequencies of a dual tone to 0 Hz.

10.      The GENF module shall allow tones to be generated that meet or exceed          EIA/TIA-464 requirement for DTMF and call progress tone generation.

11.      The GENF module shall allow tones to be generated that meet or exceed          CCITT Blue Book Volume VI Fascicle VI.4 recommendations Q.310-Q.490          requirements for MF R1 and R2 tone generation.

12.      The GENF module shall generate tones with one to three unique cadence          pairs (on/off pairs).

A.4.2    Performance Requirements

1.       Frequency accuracy shall exceed 1 Hz. 2.       Level accuracy shall exceed 0.5 dB. 3.       Timing information shall exceed 1 ms accuracy.

A.5      Universal Tone Detector

A.5.l    Overview

The Universal Tone Detector (UTD) is a high configurable tone detector. By changing parameters, this algorithm can classify a wide range of single and dual tone call progress signals generated in a wide variety of countries.

A.5.2    General

Since different tones need different detection heuristics, and tones may have multiple specifications, each tone is tagged with a tone category identifier.

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               -----------------------------------------------                   Tone Category             Call Progress Signal                   -----------------------------------------------                          1                  Modem                          2                  FAX CNG                          3                  Audible Ringback                          4                  Busy                          5                  Reorder or Congestion                          6                  Number Unobtainable                          7                  SIT                          8                  Dial tone                          9                  Unknown Tone                   -----------------------------------------------

                        Table A-3: Tone Categories

In addition to specifying a tone category, the parameters include a value that is returned to the application when the tone is detected. This parameter need not be unique. This allows multiple specifications to report the same tone event to the application. UTD is table driven. Using this approach, the tone detector searches parameter tables for a matching tone. When a tone matches, the tone code determines the heuristics necessary to completely classify the tone. Also, the tones must be specified in a way that a set of parameters corresponds to either a single tone, a dual tone, or an amplitude modulated tone.

                     ---------------------------------                         Code               Tone Type                         ---------------------------------                          0                 Single Tone                          1                 Dual Tone                          2                 Modulated Tone                         ---------------------------------

                    Table A-4: Call Progress Tone Types

A.5.3    General Functional Requirements

UTD functionally combines a single tone detector and a dual/modulated tone detector into a single module. UTD combines the results of these detectors into a single result. UTD has the following requirements.

1.       The DSP shall indicate that the first ringback has started after at          least 400 ms of ringback like signal has been processed, as long as no          other tone type is early detected. If more than one type of tone is          early detected, the first ringback reporting shall be delayed until          either cadence information disqualifies the other types, or tone          precedence is used as a 'tie-breaker'.





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2.       The DSP shall indicate ringback has stopped when ringback is no longer          detected.

3.       The DSP shall indicate a busy tone has been detected after the          requisite number of make and break intervals have been processed, and          no other tone category is still a candidate for detection.

4.       The DSP shall indicate a reorder tone has been detected after the          requisite number of make and break intervals have been processed, and          no other tone category is still a candidate for detection.

5.       The DSP shall indicate a number unobtainable tone has been detected          after the requisite number of make and break intervals have been          processed, and no other tone category is still a candidate for          detection.

6.       In the event that more than one tone is a candidate for detection,          detection is delayed until all characteristics that may disqualify any          of the candidates are tested (for example, waiting for multiple cadence          pairs to occur). If there is still more than one potential tone after          all differentiating features have been exhausted, then the tone with          the highest precedence is detected. Also, if the tone ceases prior to          singling out one candidate tone, then the tone with the highest          precedence is detected. Precedence is shown in Table A-3.

7.       The DSP shall supply an early detect flag. This flag shall be valid          after the detector has processed no more than 72 ms of a tone. If more          than one tone category is early detected, then the early detect flag          shall indicate the tone category with the highest precedence.

8.       The DSP shall indicate that a modem has been detected if a single tone          falls within the specified frequencies for modem tones, the minimum          make interval has been exceeded while the average tone power is in          excess of the minimum power requirement, and no other tone category is          still a candidate for detection.

9.       The DSP shall indicate that a FAX CNG tone has been detected if a          single tone falls within the specified frequencies for a CNG tone, the          requisite number of on/off cadences have been processed, and no other          tone category is still a candidate for detection.

10.      The DSP shall indicate that a SIT tone has been detected if at least          two of the three segments of possible SIT tones have been detected for          at least the minimum interval in excess of the minimum power          requirement.

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11.      The DSP shall indicate that an Unknown tone has been detected when it          has been determined that a tone has been detected that falls within the          specified frequencies for an Unknown tone, the minimum duration has          been exceeded, and the tone does not match and other category tones.

A.5.3.1 TONE DETECTOR PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS

A.5.3.1.1 Single Tones

There are four types of parameters that shall be used to control single tone detection. The variation of each parameter shall be limited by the constraints listed in Table A-5.

                                      ------------------------------                                          Minimum             Maximum          --------------------------------------------------------------          Frequency                       300 Hz              3300 Hz          --------------------------------------------------------------          Bandwidth                       0 Hz                1800 Hz          --------------------------------------------------------------          Duration                        100 msec            32760 msec          --------------------------------------------------------------          Minimum Power Level             -45 dBm             3 dBm          --------------------------------------------------------------

               Table A-5: Single Tone Detection Constraints

The frequency detection range shall be specified the Frequency and Bandwidth parameters. Figure A-2 shows the relationship of these parameters. Note that the bandwidth specification is symmetric about the center frequency. The Frequency and Bandwidth parameters define a must detect range. The detector shall not use frequency criteria to reject any tones which are within the range specified Frequency/Bandwidth parameters. Tones whose frequencies are outside but close to frequency range may be detected.

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                               INSERT GRAPH

Figure A-2: Frequency Domain Representation of tone parameters for a             Single Tone

If the Power Level of the detected parameter is greater than the minimum power specified by the parameters, the signal shall not be rejected by Power Level heuristics. Duration parameters are used to set the allowable duration of a tone. Minimum and maximum tone durations may be specified (make durations). Also, minimum and maximum silence durations between tones may be specified.

A.5.3.1.2         Dual Tones

Dual tones are created by summing two sinusoids. Since each tone can be isolated in the frequency domain, dual tones are specified as a pair of single tones. Parameters for each tone of a dual pair use the same constraints as single tones. Namely, frequency1 is the center frequency of the lower tone, and bandwidth1 specifies its frequency tolerance. The same is true for frequency2 and bandwidth2 for the high tone. Figure A-3 shows the definition of the frequency and bandwidth parameters for a dual tone.

                               INSERT GRAPH

Figure A-3: Frequency Domain Representation of Tone Parameters for a Dual Tone

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Not all dual tones are detectable by UTD. A dual tone shall detected only when the difference between the two component frequencies is greater than 10 Hz and less than 230Hz.

A.5.3.1.3         Amplitude Modulated Tones

Amplitude modulated tones are created by multiplying two sinusoids. When analyzed in the frequency domain, a modulated tone looks like three tones. Figure A-4 shows the frequency spectrum for a modulated tone.

The tone whose frequency is the average of the other tones is the carrier. The other two tones can be referred to as side lobes. For amplitude modulated tones, frequencyl and bandwidth1 specify the low sidelobe and its tolerance, while frequency2 and bandwidth2 specify the high sidelobe and its tolerance.

                               INSERT GRAPH

      Figure A-4: Frequency Domain Representation of Tone Parameters                          for an Amplitude Modulated Tone

As with dual tones, not all modulated tones will be detected by UTD. Modulated tones shall be detected if the difference between the carrier frequency and the sidelobes is between 10 Hz and 230 Hz.

A.5.3.l.4         Precedence

By assigning a detection precedence to the classification process, tone frequency ranges can overlap. When a tone's parameters fall into a range shared by two or more signals, the signal is classified as the one with the highest precedence.

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               -------------------------------------------                   Precedence            Call Progress Signal





               -------------------------------------------                       1                 Modem                       2                 FAX CNG                       3                 Audible Ringback                       4                 Busy                       5                 Reorder or Congestion                       6                 Number Unobtainable                       7                 SIT                       8                 Dial Tone                       9                 Unknown Tone                   -------------------------------------------

                   Table A-6: Tone Detection Precedence

Table A-6 shows the precedence of typical tones that the UTD module detects. Modem signals have the highest precedence, and Unknown tones have the lowest. Therefore, the frequency range of unknown tones can safely overlap the other tone ranges without causing tones to be misclassified. If the range for Unknown tones is allowed to be the maximum range allowed by the detector, any detected tone that is unclassified would be designated as Unknown.

A.5.3.1.5         North American Call Progress Signal Detection

Functional Requirements:

The tables below specify the frequencies, power levels, and cadence of the Bellcore and EIA-464A call progress tones.

- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------                         Frequency (Hz)                 Power Level (dBm) - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------     Name         350     440     480     620     Per Frequency        Combined - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Audible Ring              X       X               -22.5 +/- 1.5 - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------     Busy                          X       X        -27 +/- 1.5 - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------   Dial Tone       X       X                       -17.5 to  -15     -13 to -14.5 - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------   Intercept               X               X        -20 +/- 1.5 - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------    Reorder                        X       X        -27 +/- 1.5 - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------

      Table A-7: Call Progress Tone Frequency and Power Requirements

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- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Audible ring (ring-       repetition of the tone on for 0.8 to 2.2 seconds, and  back)                     off for 2.7 to 4.4 seconds - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Busy                      repetition of the tone on for 0.5+/-0.05 seconds, and                            off for 0.5 +/-0.05 seconds - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Dial                      steady uninterrupted - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Intercept                 repetition of an alternating sequence, of the two                           frequencies each being on for 0.16 to 0.30 seconds                           with a total cycle time of 0.5 +/-0.05 seconds - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Reorder (fast busy)       repetition of the tone on for 0.25+/-0.025 seconds,                            and off for 0.25+/-0.025 seconds - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------

                   Table A-8: Call Progress Tone Cadence

Performance Requirements:

1.       Frequency Deviation: Even though the generator is required to meet a          frequency tolerance per tone of +/-0.5%, the detector needs to allow          for a wider frequency tolerance due to variations in generators and          line distortions. The CP detector detects all tones whose component          frequencies deviate less than 1% from nominal.

2.       Twist: The CP detector detects all tones whose twist is less than +/-4          dB.

3.       Dynamic Range:  The CP detector exhibits a minimum dynamic range of           25 dB.

4.       Cadence: The CP detector must detect call progress tones whose cadence          is within +/-10%.

5.       Talkoff: The CP detector makes no false detections in 12 hours of          testing with voice at -15 to -18 dBm ASL.

A.5.3.1.6         FAX CNG Tone Detection

The standard connection protocol for automatic connection of a FAX modem requires that the calling FAX modem generate a calling tone (CNG). Hence for incoming calls, the EVP software has to detect a CNG signal. When CNG is detected, EVP alerts the Core Processor to redirect the call to a FAX machine or a FAX modem embedded within the call processing system.

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Functional Requirements:

Detect the presence of the FAX calling tone (CNG). A CNG signal is defined as follows.

                               INSERT GRAPH

                    Figure A-5: Fax calling tone (CNG)

      a)       The CNG tone is within 38 Hz of nominal frequency.

      b)       The timing tolerance of a CNG tone is +/-15%.

      c)       The power of a CNG tone is between 0 and -43 dBm.

Performance Requirements:

1.       The detector does not miss any CNG signals on a prerecorded tape          containing 50 CNG tone samples collected from S different FAX machines.

2.       The detector does not miss any CNG signals from the same FAX machines          connected to a local CO with a noise level of less than -45 dBm.

3.       The detector misses less than 0.5% of CNG signals (generated at -10          dBm) when compressed voice is output at a level of-15 dBm or less          (average over 3 seconds) into a network whose ERL is greater than 15          dB.

4.       The detector does not falsely detect more than 1 CNG tone per 5 hours          of voice (based on Bellcore recorded talk radio voice tapes.)

A.5.3.1.7         Modem Tone Specification

All answering modems that conform to the ITU V.25 answering sequence present a 2100 Hz tone 1.8 to 2.5 seconds after answering the telephone line. Figure A-6 and Figure A-7 show the timing of the answering tone (ANS). In Figure A-6, the 2100 Hz

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tone reverses phase every [tau] intervals. These phase reversals disconnect echo cancellers and echo suppressors from the network. According to ITU G.164, phase reversal shall be accomplished such that the phase is within 180 +/-10 degrees in 1 ms and that the amplitude of the 2100 Hz tone is not more than 3 dB below its steady state value for more than 400 musec.

                               INSERT GRAPH

        Figure A-6: Timing for Answering Modem with Phase Reversal

A timing diagram for an answering modem without phase reversal is shown in Figure A- 7. The timing is identical with that of phase reversing tone except for the reversal timing.

                               INSERT GRAPH

       Figure A-7: Timing for Answering Modem without Phase Reversal

Table A-9 contains the nominal frequency, power, and duration requirements for

                           ------------------------------------------------                               Minimum             Maximum              Unit          ---------------------------------------------------------------------          Frequency            2085                2115                 Hz          ---------------------------------------------------------------------          Duration             2.6                 4.0                  seconds          ---------------------------------------------------------------------          Power                -18.0               -6.0                 dBm0          ---------------------------------------------------------------------

generating modem tones as derived from V.25 and G.164.

               Table A-9: Modem Tone Generation Requirements





Performance Requirements:

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1.       The detector does not miss any modem answer tone on a pre-recorded tape          containing 50 modem answer tone samples collected from 5 different data          modems.

2.       The detector does not miss any modem answer tone signals from the same          data modem connected via a local CO with a noise level of less than -45          dBm.

3.       The detector does not miss more than 0.5% of modem answer tones          (generated at -10 dBm) when compressed voice is played at a level of          -15 dBm (ASL) or lower into a network connection with ERL greater than          15 dB.

4.       The detector does not falsely detect the presence of a modem answer          tone more than once per 5 hours of voice (using Bellcore recorded talk          radio voice tapes).

5.       There is no talkdown performance requirement. The near end is always          silent and does not interfere with far end modem ANS signals.

6.       There shall be fewer than 1 talkoff in 5 hours of call classification          when the detector is programmed with the recommended parameters.          Assuming that each call is resolved within an average time of 10          seconds, there shall be less than 1 talkoff in 1800 calls.

A.5.3.1.8         Three Tone Sequences

Most countries that generate Special Information Tones (SIT) use a three tone sequence. SIT sequences are generated by various central offices or common carrier switching points to indicate a problem with the dialed call. A SIT tone sequence generally precedes a recorded voice announcement such as the number you have dialed is no longer in service... and is provided specifically for the purpose of detection of the problem type by an automated device.

There are two popular types of SIT sequences. The first type is used mainly in Europe. It consists of a sequence of three tones of identical durations. The second type is the one used in North America. There are several North American SIT sequences that are encoded using various combinations of frequency and duration for each of the three tones. The encoding has been standardized by Bellcore.

Performance Requirements:

1.       The UTD shall handle both types of sequences.

2.       There is no talkdown performance requirement. The near end is always          silent and does not interfere with far end SIT signals.

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3.       There shall be fewer than 1 talkoff in 5 hours of voice when the          detector is programmed with the recommended parameters. Assuming that          each voice call is has an average of 2 seconds of voice, there shall be          fewer than 1 talkoff in 9000 calls.

A.5.3.1.9         Unknown Tone

Any single tone, dual tone, amplitude modulated tone or single tone sequence that is not classified as a CP, SIT, CNG or modem ANS tone, shall be reported as an unknown tone.

Performance Requirements:

1.       Talkdown performance requirement [TBD]

2.       There shall be fewer than 1 talkoff in 5 hours of voice when the          detector is programmed with the recommended parameters (minimum tone          duration 400 ms). Assuming that each voice call is has an average of 2          seconds of voice, there shall be fewer than 1 talkoff in 9000 calls.

A.6      Multifrequency Tone Detection (MFD)

The MFD algorithm module detects the presence of Rl, R2 Forward, and R2 Backward Multi frequency (MF) tones under a broad range of network conditions and under international telecommunications specifications.

A.6.1    Functional requirements:

Table A-10, Table A-11, and Table A-12 specify the nominal frequencies for the MF digits that must be detected.

- ----------------------------------------------------------------------- F1 (Hz)                             F2 (Hz)





           900         1100        1300        1500        1700                -------------------------------------------------------------   700          1            2           4           7         Spare       900         --            3           5           8         Spare      1100         --           --           6           9          KP        1300         --           --          --           0         Spare      1500         --           --          --          --          ST       - -----------------------------------------------------------------------                                                                         Table A-10: Nominal MF R1 Frequencies and corresponding digit definitions

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- ----------------------------------------------------------------------- F1 (Hz)                             F2 (Hz)              1500         1620        1740        1860       1980           -------------------------------------------------------------  1380          1            2           4           7         11  1500         --            3           5           8         12  1620         --           --           6           9         13  1740         --           --          --          10         14  1860         --           --          --          --         15 - -----------------------------------------------------------------------

Table A-11: Nominal MF R2 Forward Frequencies and corresponding combination                                      numbers

- ----------------------------------------------------------------------- F1 (Hz)                             F2 (Hz)              1020          900         780         660        540           -------------------------------------------------------------  1140          1            2           4           7         11  1020         --            3           5           8         12   900         --           --           6           9         13   780         --           --          --          10         14   660         --           --          --          --         15 - -----------------------------------------------------------------------

Table A-12: Nominal MF R2 Backward Frequencies and corresponding combination                                      numbers

1.       Be configurable to detect either R1, R2 forward, or R2 backward MF          digits on a per-call basis.

2.       Detect the presence of all 15 R1, 15 R2 Forward, and 15 R2 Backward          digits under a broad range of network conditions.

3.       MF digit information is provided as soon as the minimum duration is          met. This information is called leading edge detection. This allows the          earliest possible response to the digit, such as in compelled          signaling.

4.       The trailing edge of a MF digit must be detected. This allows the          system to delay any response (such as in compelled signaling) to the          digit until it is removed. The criteria selected for trailing edge          detection will debounce MF digits.

5.       The DSP reports leading and trailing edge in the 8 ms block that they          are detected. MF events are not buffered.

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A.6.2 R1 Detection Performance requirements:

Table A- 13 consists of MF R1 tone detection performance requirements taken from CCITT/ITU Q310-Q331 and Bellcore TR-NWT-000506. Also shown is D2's MF R1 performance requirements, which is a superset of the CCITT and Bellcore requirements.

- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------                                                                Requirement - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Characteristic                Bellcore                      CCITT/ITU                     D2 - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------                                                                                   Frequency Deviation           +/-(1.5% + 5 Hz) must         +/-1.5% must accept           Configurable choice of                               accept                                                      three sets of must                                                                                           accept frequency                                                                                           tolerance:                                                                                           +/-(1.5% + 5 Hz),                                                                                           +/-(1.5% + 10 Hz),                                                                                           +/-(1.5% + 15 Hz) - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Tone Duration                 KP signal >/= 54 ms           >/=30 ms must accept          Minimum duration is                               must accept;                               must reject                                                 steps, from 28 ms up.                               All others: >/=30 ms                                        Can be configured for                               must accept; /=30 ms must accept;                               must reject                                                 - -------------------------------------------------------------





----------------------------------------------------- Minimum Interdigital          Must accept                   Must accept                   Minimum interdigital Interval                      interdigital intervals        interdigital intervals        interval is configurable                               >/=25 ms.  Must bridge        >/=20 ms                      in 4 ms steps.  Can be                               interdigital intervals                                      configured for >/=20 ms                               - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Minimum Cycle Time            Up to 10 pulses per           -                             >10 pulses per second                               second (100 ms cycle                                        (                              time) - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Accept Levels                 0 to -25 dBm must             -                             Minimum power is                               accept                                                      configurable from -25                                                                                                                         frequency - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Twist (ratio of high          group power to low)           accept                        accept                        accept - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ SNR (white noise)             20 dB                         -                             20 dB - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Impulse Noise                 Fewer than 14 missed          -                             Fewer than 14 missed                               or split digits in                                          or split digits in                               Bellcore Impulse Noise                                      Bellcore Impulse Noise                               Tape No. 201                                                Tape No. 201 - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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                                                                               - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Disturbing Frequencies        Detection in the              -                             Detection in the                               presence of 2A-B and                                        presence of 2A-B and                               2B-A modulation                                             2B-A modulating                               products 28 dB below                                        products 28 dB below                               each frequency                                              each frequency                               component level of the                                      component level of the                               signals.                                                    signals - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

           Table A-13: MFD R1 Detection Performance Requirements

A.6.3    R2 Detection Performance Requirements

Table A- 14 shows the MF R2 tone detection performance requirements taken from CCITT/1TU Q400-490. The MFD module is required to pass all CCITT/ITU requirements.

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- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Characteristic                      CCITT/ITU Requirement               CCITT/ITU Requirement - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------                                                                    Frequency Deviation                 +/-10 Hz must accept                Configurable choice of three - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------                                                                         sets of must accept frequency                                                                         tolerance:                                                                         +/-10 Hz                                                                         +/-15 Hz                                                                         +/-20 Hz

- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Tone Duration                       Must reject signals - ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------- Minimum response time for R2        detect delay + generate             detect delay + generate delay compelled signaling                 delay                                     detect delay + decision             detect delay + decision delay +                                     delay + generate delay - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------ Accept Levels                       -5 dBm0 to -31.5 dBm0 must          Minimum power is                                     detect;                             configurable from -25 dBm to                                     -38.5 dBm0 must reject              -45 dBm per frequency - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Twist (ratio of high group          power to low)                       adjacent frequencies;               for adjacent frequencies;                                                                         non-adjacent frequencies;           for non-adjacent frequencies                                     20 ddB twist must reject            20 dB twist must reject - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------





Disturbing Frequencies             Must not falsely detect due to       Must not falsely detect due to                                    any one or more valid R2             any one or more valid R2                                    frequencies at -55 dBm per           frequencies at -55 dBm per                                    frequency.                           frequency.                                    In the presence of a valid R2        In the presence of a valid R2                                    tone, no missed detections and       tone, no missed detections and                                    no false detections due to any       no false detections due to any                                    of the remaining frequencies at      of the remaining frequencies at                                    20 dB below the highest of the       20 dB below the highest of the                                    MF tone pair.                        MF tone pair.  Must not falsely                                    Must not falsely detect due to:      detect due to:                                    1.  Any 1 or 2 pure sine waves,      1.  Any 1 or 2 pure sine waves,                                    each at -38.5 dBm0, 300-3400         each at -38.5 dBm0, 300-3400                                    Hz.                                  Hz.                                    2.  Any 1 or 2 pure sine waves,      2.  Any 1 or 2 pure sine waves,                                    each at -42 dBm, 300-3400 Hz.        each at -42 dBm, 300-3400 Hz.                                    3.  Forward detector: Any 2          3.  Forward detector: Any 2                                    pure sine waves, each at -5          pure sine waves, each at -5                                    dBm, 330-1150 Hz or 2130-3400        dBm, 330-1150 Hz or 2130-3400                                    Hz.                                  Hz.                                    4.  Backward detector: Any 2         4.  Backward detector: Any 2                                    pure sine waves, each at -5          pure sine waves, each at -5                                    dBm, 1300-3400 Hz.                   dBm, 1300-3400 Hz. - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Transmitted signal interference    Must not falsely detect due to       Must not falsely detect due to                                    generation of outgoing MF            generation of outgoing MF                                    digits.                              digits. - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

           Table A-14: MFD R2 Detection Performance Requirements

A.7      MFcR2 compelled signaling

In order to pass the CCITT requirements for compelled signal timing, the following additional requirements are made on the MFD detector:

1.       The MFD detector shall detect the leading edge of an R2 digit after          processing no more than 24 ms of the digit.

2.       The MFD detector shall detect the trailing edge of an R2 digit after          processing no more than 16 ms of the silence following the digit.

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                                 EXHIBIT B

                       LICENSEE PRODUCT DESCRIPTION

Service Resource Module (SRM) for high density programmable switching systems.

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                                 EXHIBIT C

DEVELOPMENT, MAINTENANCE, AND RUNTIME LICENSE FEE SCHEDULE

DEVELOPMENT LICENSE FEES: LICENSED TECHNOLOGY FOR THE BASIC SERVICES SPECIFIED IN EXHIBIT A

Development license fees are specified in PO #104962.

50% of which has already been paid to D2 and the final 50% to be paid upon the delivery and acceptance of the Licensed Technology for Basic Services by Licensee in accordance with Article 4 of this Agreement.

MAINTENANCE FEES: LICENSED TECHNOLOGY FOR THE BASIC SERVICES SPECIFIED IN EXHIBIT A

The Maintenance Fee after the expiry of the Warranty period shall be $20,000 per year, starting from the date after the Warranty period (Contract Year),





renewable at the end of each Contract Year.

In the event that during the four consecutive calendar quarters which begin immediately after the start of a Contract Year, LICENSEE completes payments to D2 of one hundred thousand dollars in Runtime License Fees under this Agreement, D2 will apply a credit equaling to 100% of the Maintenance Fee against the Runtime License Fees of that Contract Year.

In the event that LICENSEE exercises the Buy Out option for Runtime License Fees, there shall be no Maintenance Fee for the first three years after the expiry of the Warranty period.

RUNTIME LICENSE FEES: LICENSED TECHNOLOGY FOR BASIC SERVICES SPECIFIED IN EXHIBIT A AND SIMPLE CONFERENCING TECHNOLOGY

A runtime license fee shall be paid for each SRM in the Licensee Product (Exhibit B) which contains the Licensed Technology for Basic Services and simple conferencing which does not require network echo cancellation technology (Exhibit A) sold by LICENSEE. Licensee Products which do not run the Licensed Technology are not subject to runtime license fees.

The runtime license fee is based on the number of ports of service that a customer can expect the SRM to provide. As such, this runtime license fee calculation may be used for an SRM with any number of DSP processors (DSPs), with any MIPS

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performance rating, as long as it is from the TI TMS320C54x, TMS320C55x, or TMS320C6x processor family.

Fee_per_SRM = Fee_per_Port * DSPs_per_SRM * Average_Ports_per_DSP

Where:

      Fee_per_SRM is the runtime license fee for each SRM.           Fee_per_Port is on Table 1.           DSPs_per_SRM is the number of DSPs on each SRM.          Average_Ports_per_DSP is defined below.

      -----------------------------------------------------------          total quantity of processors licensed          Fee_per_port          -----------------------------------------------------------                      1-5,000                               $2.00          -----------------------------------------------------------                   5,001 - 25,000                           $1.00          -----------------------------------------------------------                  25,001 - 50,000                           $0.75          -----------------------------------------------------------                   5,001 - 75,000                           $0.50          -----------------------------------------------------------                    > 75,000                                $0.00          -----------------------------------------------------------

                           Table 1. Fee per port

If LICENSEE commits to purchase licenses for a minimum of 10,000 processors for the first year after first customer shipments, the fee_per_port will be reduced for $1.00 for the first 5,000 processors.

The SRM will provide 5 Basic Services and simple conferencing (which does not require network echo cancellation):

      1.     DTG -- Digital Tone Generation (static channels and outpulsing)          2.     CPA -- Call Progress Analysis (with Voice Activity Detection)          3.-    DRC -- DTMF Detection          4.     MFR(1) -- Multifrequency Reception (1)          5.     MFCR2 -- Multifrequency Reception and Transmission, Compelled R2

To determine the Average ports per DSP, the completed software will be tested in a heavily-loaded VCO/20 to determine the maximum number of ports that a single DSP processor performing each of the Basic Services can reliably satisfy.  This

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maximum will be documented in Table 2 below, and will be encoded in software, to prevent a customer from exceeding it.

This maximum will vary depending on the DSP processor speed, so a separate measurement will have to be done for SRMs containing faster processors. Due to system limitations, this number will never exceed 63.

The number of ports supported for each of the Basic Services, per DSP processor, will be averaged (arithmetic mean) to create an average number of ports per DSP (Average_Ports_per_DSP). Because of the computational simplicity of the DTG Service, it will not be included in this calculation:

         Average_Ports_per_DSP = (#CPA + #DRC + #MFR1 + #MFCR2)/4

- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------      Service       Predicted            Measured             Included in





             Maximum # Ports      Maximum # Ports          Average? - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------        DTG            63             To be measured         Not included - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------        CPA            30             To be measured           Included - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------        DRC            30             To be measured           Included - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------       MFR1            30             To be measured           Included - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------       MFCR2           30             To be measured           Included - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------

               TABLE 2.  MEASURED PERFORMANCE OF SERVICES

CAP: The runtime license fees is fully paid up after it reaches the CAP, which is the cumulative runtime license fees paid by LICENSEE for the first 75,000 processors as specified in Table 1 above. The CAP is cumulative across the Texas Instruments TMS320C54x, TMS320CSSx, and TMS320C6x, and other TI processors based on the same core processor architecture.

BUYOUT OPTION: Within the Warranty period, LICENSEE may elect to pay D2 a sum of $1,400,000 as a one time paid-up runtime license fees for the Basic Services specified in Exhibit A.

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                                 EXHIBIT D

               MODEL LICENSEE AGREEMENT FOR LICENSEE PRODUCT

SOFTWARE LICENSE

Licensed Technology incorporated in LICENSEE Product, together with Updates and New Versions thereof, are provided to LICENSEE's Customer under a non-exclusive worldwide license subject to the following terms:

1. LICENSEE's Customer shall have the right to distribute copies of the Licensed Technology to end users in Object Code form either directly or indirectly through others for use in connection with the LICENSEE Product. LICENSEE's Customer shall require that such end users agree to protect D2's and LICENSEE's intellectual property rights in the Licensed Technology as set forth in this LICENSEE's Customer Agreement.

2. LICENSEE's Customer shall have the right to reproduce the Licensed Technology for distribution and make a reasonable number of copies of the Licensed Technology for backup or archival purposes.

3. LICENSEE's Customer shall not have the right to modify, reverse engineer, decompile or derive Source Code from the Licensed Technology, nor shall LICENSEE's Customer permit any third party to do so. LICENSEE's Customer shall not have the right to disclose the Licensed Technology except as permitted herein.

4. LICENSEE's Customer shall have the right to transfer a licensed copy of the Licensed Technology to a third party provided LICENSEE's Customer does not retain any copies of such licensed copy and the third party agrees to abide by the terms and conditions of this LICENSEE's Customer Agreement. All Licensed Technology must be transferred upon a change in title of any hardware in which it was installed.

5. LICENSEE's Customer agrees that D2 or LICENSEE retain the entire right and title to Licensed Technology.

6. The provisions of this Article (paragraphs 1 through 6 preceding) shall survive the termination or expiration of this LICENSEE's Customer Agreement.

Software License                                           D2 Technologies, Inc. and Maintenance Agreement       August 4, 1997                      CONFIDENTIAL

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                                 EXHIBIT E

1.       Development and Back-up Computers

      Computer Manufacturer and Model    Serial Number      Dev/Backup

(1)      --                    --

(2)      --                    --

(3)      --                    --

1.       FORMAT OF Licensed Software Media

(1)      --                    --

(2)      --                    --

(3)      --                    --

Date:





Software License                                           D2 Technologies, Inc. and Maintenance Agreement       August 4, 1997                      CONFIDENTIAL

49

                                 EXHIBIT F

                       Acceptance Test Specification

To be provided by D2 and LICENSEE within 90 days of effective date of this Agreement.

Software License                                           D2 Technologies, Inc. and Maintenance Agreement       August 4, 1997                      CONFIDENTIAL 
Question: Highlight the parts (if any) of this contract related to Warranty Duration that should be reviewed by a lawyer. Details: What is the duration of any  warranty against defects or errors in technology, products, or services  provided under the contract?
Solution: The acceptance specification shall be completed no later than 90 days after the effective date of this Agreement and shall be attached to this agreement as Exhibit F.